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Al Refaie A, Baldassini L, Mondillo C, De Vita M, Giglio E, Tarquini R, Gonnelli S, Caffarelli C. Vitamin D and Dyslipidemia: Is There Really a Link? A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1144. [PMID: 38674837 PMCID: PMC11053479 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the interest in the extraskeletal effects of vitamin D is growing. In the literature, its several possible actions have been confirmed. Vitamin D seems to have a regulatory role in many different fields-inflammation, immunity, and the endocrine system-and many studies would demonstrate a possible correlation between vitamin D and cardiovascular disease. In this paper, we deepened the relationship between vitamin D and dyslipidemia by reviewing the available literature. The results are not entirely clear-cut: on the one hand, numerous observational studies suggest a link between higher serum vitamin D levels and a beneficial lipid profile, while on the other hand, interventional studies do not demonstrate a significant effect. Understanding the possible relationship between vitamin D and dyslipidemia may represent a turning point: another link between vitamin D and the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Al Refaie
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy (S.G.)
- Division of Internal Medicine I, San Giuseppe Hospital, 50053 Tuscany, Italy
| | - Leonardo Baldassini
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy (S.G.)
| | - Caterina Mondillo
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy (S.G.)
| | - Michela De Vita
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy (S.G.)
| | - Elisa Giglio
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy (S.G.)
| | - Roberto Tarquini
- Division of Internal Medicine I, San Giuseppe Hospital, 50053 Tuscany, Italy
| | - Stefano Gonnelli
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy (S.G.)
| | - Carla Caffarelli
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy (S.G.)
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Milazzo V, Cosentino N, Trombara F, Marenzi G. Vitamin D and cardiovascular diseases. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2024; 109:68-91. [PMID: 38777418 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin D has an established role in calcium homeostasis but its deficiency is emerging also as a new risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). In particular, several epidemiological and clinical studies have reported a close association between low vitamin D levels and several cardiovascular risk factors and major CVDs, such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, and cardiac arrhythmias. In all these clinical settings, vitamin D deficiency seems to predispose to increased morbidity, mortality, and recurrent cardiovascular events. Despite this growing evidence, interventional trials with supplementation of vitamin D in patients at risk of or with established CVD are still controversial. In this chapter, we summarize the currently available evidence on the links between vitamin D deficiency and major cardiovascular risk factors and CVD, in terms of both clinical relevance and potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Milazzo
- Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, I.R.C.C.S., Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Cosentino
- Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, I.R.C.C.S., Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Trombara
- Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, I.R.C.C.S., Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Marenzi
- Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, I.R.C.C.S., Milan, Italy.
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Upadhyay PK, Thakur N, Vishwakarma VK, Srivastav RK, Ansari TM. Role of Vitamin D in Management of Diabetes and Unresolved Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e010923220647. [PMID: 37680158 DOI: 10.2174/1573399820666230901151019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is becoming a widely recognized global health issue. Serum values of 25-(OH) vitamin D (<20 ng/ml) are used to identify vitamin D deficiency. By prompting vascular endothelial cells to activate their nuclear receptor in cardio-myocytes, Vitamin D regulates obesity, Renin-angiotensin system (RAS), energy consumption, and pancreatic cell function. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with diabetes, asthma, hyperlipidaemia, and pulmonary hypertension in humans. METHODS PubMed and Google Scholar databases were utilised to search the literature on vitamin D and related diseases. RESULT It is also linked to an elevated risk of death and heart disease. On the other hand, metaanalyses of vitamin D intervention and trials have found no substantial changes in insulin sensitivity, lipid markers, or blood pressure, which result in the association between deficiency of vitamin D and cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSION In this review, we present the most recent research on the effects of Vitamin D therapy on various cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, and explain the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Kumar Upadhyay
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Navneet Thakur
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Ritesh Kumar Srivastav
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kamla Nehru Institute of Management and Technology, Sultanpur 228119, India
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Gholamzad A, Khakpour N, Kabipour T, Gholamzad M. Association between serum vitamin D levels and lipid profiles: a cross-sectional analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21058. [PMID: 38030665 PMCID: PMC10687006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47872-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in calcium homeostasis and bone health. Recent research suggests that vitamin D may also have an impact on lipid metabolism, specifically the level of circulating lipids in the blood. We aim to investigate it role among healthy participate. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 15,600 patients who were referred to the laboratories of university hospitals. We measured the serum levels of Vitamin D as well as triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL using ELISA. We found that the mean serum level of Vitamin D was 40.31 ± 20.79 ng/mL. Of the participants, 16.7% had a serum level of Vitamin D less than 20 ng/mL, 57.7% had a level between 21 and 40 ng/mL, and 13.5% had a level between 41 and 60 ng/mL. Additionally, 12.2% had a level greater than 60 ng/mL. We performed a one-way analysis of variance and found that as the serum level of Vitamin D increased, the mean LDL level decreased significantly. Our study provides evidence of a significant relationship between serum levels of Vitamin D and LDL levels in patients. The findings suggest that vitamin D status may play a role in regulating lipid metabolism and may have implications for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of this relationship and to determine optimal levels of vitamin D intake for maintaining lipid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Gholamzad
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Khakpour
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tina Kabipour
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Gholamzad
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Atia T, Abdelzaher MH, Nassar SA, Gafar HH, Husseini MAM, Kaabi AMY, Sakr HI. Investigating the relationship between vitamin-D deficiency and glycemia status and lipid profile in nondiabetics and prediabetics in Saudi population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36322. [PMID: 38013283 PMCID: PMC10681583 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of developing diabetes, dyslipidemia, and other chronic diseases. We aimed to investigate the relationship between vitamin D deficiency, glycemic levels, and lipid profiles in individuals with prediabetes and nondiabetes. This observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 249 adults who were divided into 2 groups based on the American Diabetes Association classification: nondiabetics and prediabetics. The serum vitamin D levels, lipid profiles, fasting blood glucose levels, hemoglobin A1c levels, fasting insulin levels, and insulin resistance (IR) were evaluated. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in all participants was 30.9%, and mean vitamin D levels were significantly [P = .0004] lower in prediabetics, who were more common in females. Furthermore, prediabetics had significantly higher serum triglycerides [P = .0006], and significantly lower serum high-density lipoprotein levels [P = .0148] than those nondiabetics. Serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. 31.4% of all participants were overweight and 40.2% were obese. Furthermore, there was a strong correlation between vitamin D levels and IR and body mass indices ≥ 25 in prediabetics [r = -0.92] [P < .001]. Finally, vitamin D levels had a significant inverse relationship with glycemic parameters and IR, particularly in obese participants, but there was no significant relationship with lipid profile. In conclusion, vitamin D deficiency is common in females, regardless of whether they are prediabetics, but is more prevalent in prediabetics. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with high triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein levels, but there were no significant changes in total cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein levels. Furthermore, vitamin D levels were negatively correlated with both fasting blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels, and its deficiency was strongly associated with IR especially in obese patients despite there being no significant correlation with blood lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Atia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad H. Abdelzaher
- College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Somaia A. Nassar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hoda H. Gafar
- College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Hader I. Sakr
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Medical Physiology, Medicine program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Algowhary M, Farouk A, El-Deek HEM, Hosny G, Ahmed A, Abdelzaher LA, Saleem TH. Relationship between vitamin D and coronary artery disease in Egyptian patients. Egypt Heart J 2023; 75:92. [PMID: 37943388 PMCID: PMC10635996 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-023-00419-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported conflicting results about the association of vitamin D (VD) level with coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to study the association of VD with atherosclerotic CAD in Egyptian individuals. RESULTS We prospectively enrolled 188 consecutive CAD patients with a median age of 55(50-62) years; 151(80.3%) were male. All patients were diagnosed by cardiac catheterization and were compared with 131 healthy controls. VD levels were measured in serum samples of all participants. Compared to controls, CAD patients had a significantly lower median VD level, 14.65 (9.25-21.45) versus 42.0 (32.0-53.0) ng/mL, p < 0.001. VD was correlated with the number of diseased coronary arteries and lipid profile (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides, p < 0.001 for each). By multivariate analyses, VD was an independent predictor of CAD [OR 1.22 (95% CI 1.07-1.4), p = 0.003, optimal cut-off value 30 ng/mL (AUC 0.92, sensitivity 81% and specificity 81.4%), p < 0.001], and the number of diseased coronary arteries, p < 0.001, especially three-vessel disease [OR 0.83 (95% CI 0.72-0.95), p = 0.008]. CONCLUSIONS We have shown that low VD should be considered a non-traditional risk factor for CAD in Egyptian individuals. Low VD was correlated with coronary atherosclerosis, especially in patients with multivessel effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdy Algowhary
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Assiut University Heart Hospital, Assiut University, Asyut, 71516, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Farouk
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Assiut University Heart Hospital, Assiut University, Asyut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Heba E M El-Deek
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Ghada Hosny
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ahmed
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Lobna A Abdelzaher
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Tahia H Saleem
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, 71516, Egypt
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Huang X, Yang Y, Jiang Y, Zhou Z, Zhang J. Association between vitamin D deficiency and lipid profiles in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1653. [PMID: 37644450 PMCID: PMC10464009 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between vitamin D deficiency and lipid profiles in adults with overweight or obesity remains unclear and inconsistent. The aim of our study was to determine the relationship between lipid profiles and vitamin D deficiency in the overweight and obese adults. METHODS Four databases, including PubMed, the Web of Science, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library, were used to identify all studies on vitamin D status and lipid levels, including the serum levels of triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). The Weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random-effects models was used to assess the association between the lipid profile and vitamin D deficiency. RESULTS Twenty-one articles that included a total of 7952 adults with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) were included. The overall results revealed that compared with the controls, individuals with vitamin D deficiency showed higher levels of TG (WMD = 15.01; 95%CI, 2.51-27.52) and TC (WMD = 8.61; 95%CI, 1.31-15.92). Moreover, vitamin D deficiency was related to an increased level of LDL (WMD = 6.12; 95%CI, 0.02-12.23). HDL level was inversely associated with the vitamin D deficiency status (WMD = -2.57; 95%CI, -4.26, -0.88). CONCLUSIONS Among the adults with overweight or obesity, the vitamin D deficient group displayed impaired lipid profiles, including increased TG, TC and LDL levels and reduced HDL level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yingling Jiang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Cheng YL, Lee TI, Chien YM, Lee TW, Chen YJ. Vitamin D level regulates serum lipids discrepantly in adults with and without dyslipidemia. Endocr Connect 2023; 12:e230013. [PMID: 37410091 PMCID: PMC10448594 DOI: 10.1530/ec-23-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with hyperlipidemia, but it remains unclear whether vitamin D supplementation reduces serum lipid levels. The aims of this study were to investigate the associations between increased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and lipid levels and identify the characteristics of people with or without lipid reduction associated with increased 25(OH)D levels. The medical records of 118 individuals (53 men; mean age, 54.4 ± 10.6 years) whose serum 25(OH)D levels increased between 2 consecutive measurements were retrospectively reviewed. People with increased 25(OH)D levels (from 22.7 (17.6-29.2) to 32.1 (25.6-36.8) mg/dL; P < 0.01) had a significant reduction in serum levels of triglycerides (TGs) (from 111.0 (80-164) to 104.5 (73-142) mg/dL; P < 0.01) and total cholesterol (TC) (from 187.5 (155-213) to 181.0 (150-210) mg/dL; P < 0.05). The individuals who responded to vitamin D (≥10% reduction in TG or TC levels) exhibited significantly higher baseline TG and TC levels than those who did not. Only patients with hyperlipidemia (not those without hyperlipidemia) at baseline exhibited significantly reduced TG and TC levels at follow-up. However, increasing serum 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly correlated with decreasing lipid levels in individuals with baseline 25(OH)D levels less than 30 ng/mL and in individuals aged 50-65 years (not in patients younger than 50 years or older than 65 years). In conclusion, increasing serum 25(OH)D concentrations may be potentially helpful for the treatment of hyperlipidemia in people with vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Lien Cheng
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-I Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Mei Chien
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wei Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Hariri Z, Kord-Varkaneh H, Alyahya N, Prabahar K, Găman MA, Abu-Zaid A. Higher Dietary Vitamin D Intake Influences the Lipid Profile and hs-CRP Concentrations: Cross-Sectional Assessment Based on The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020581. [PMID: 36836938 PMCID: PMC9965151 DOI: 10.3390/life13020581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. An unanswered question in the field of nutrition is whether there is an association between vitamin D intake and the lipid profile in adults. We conducted this cross-sectional study in order to investigate the impact of vitamin D intake on the lipid profile of adults in the context of the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods. Serum lipids and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations and the Vitamin D intake in 2588 people aged 19 to 70 years was collected using laboratory analysis and 24-h recall, respectively. The one-way ANOVA test was used to compare quantitative variables and the chi-squared test was used to compare qualitative ones. Multivariate logistic regression for three models was performed to assess the odds ratio (OR) of high total cholesterol (TC) (>200 mg/dL), triglycerides (TG) (>150 mg/dL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (>115 mg/dL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (<40 mg/dL) and hs-CRP (>1 mg/l) based on the tertiles of dietary vitamin D (D2 + D3) intake. Results. After adjusting for age, sex, race, body mass index, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D2, alcohol intake, energy intake, protein intake, carbohydrate intake, fiber intake and fat intake, individuals in the tertile with the highest versus lowest vitamin D intake (>1 mcg/day vs. <0.10 mcg/day) had lower odds of displaying elevated TC, LDL-C and hs-CRP concentrations (OR 0.57; CI: 0.37 to 0.88; P-trend: 0.045, OR 0.59; CI: 0.34 to 1.01; P-trend: 0.025 and OR 0.67; CI: 0.45 to 0.99; P-trend: 0.048, respectively). Based on the results of the logistic regression, no correlation between vitamin D intake and changes in TG or HDL-C values was noted. Conclusions. Our cross-sectional study indicates that higher dietary vitamin D (D2 + D3) intake is associated with lower TC, LDL-C and hs-CRP levels. No relationship between dietary vitamin D intake and TG or HDL-C values was detected. Further large-scale randomized trials are needed to evaluate the actual association between dietary vitamin D intake and the lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hariri
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Hamed Kord-Varkaneh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Noura Alyahya
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kousalya Prabahar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Hematology, Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.-A.G.); (A.A.-Z.)
| | - Ahmed Abu-Zaid
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.-A.G.); (A.A.-Z.)
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Renke G, Starling-Soares B, Baesso T, Petronio R, Aguiar D, Paes R. Effects of Vitamin D on Cardiovascular Risk and Oxidative Stress. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030769. [PMID: 36771474 PMCID: PMC9920542 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitamin D has been primarily studied as an important factor influencing bone and calcium metabolism. Metabolites of vitamin D are essential for whole-body calcium homeostasis, maintaining serum calcium levels within a narrow range by regulating this process in the bones and gut. Nevertheless, its deficiency is also related to increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome (MS), and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-with increased visceral adipose tissue and body mass index (BMI), as well as the frequently associated hypercholesterolemia. It has been reported that vitamin D levels are inversely related to cardiovascular (CV) risk in men and women. However, the effects of vitamin D on distinct outcomes in women and the dose of supplementation needed to improve clinical endpoints have not been established. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] reduces systemic inflammatory mediators in CVD and favors the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines from the immune system. In addition, 25(OH)D can be primarily converted into calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D]) in the kidneys through the action of the 1-α-hydroxylase enzyme. Calcitriol, through the downregulation mechanism of renin expression, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activity, and its interaction with the vitamin D receptor, can bring CV benefits. The calcitriol form also lowers parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels by indirectly causing a reduction in aldosterone and mineralocorticoid synthesis. Elevated plasma aldosterone is related to endothelial dysfunction and CVD in hypovitaminosis D status. CONCLUSION Vitamin D supplementation may benefit certain risk groups, as it improves metabolic variables, reducing oxidative stress and CV outcomes. More studies are needed to define interventions with vitamin D in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Renke
- National Institute of Cardiology, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Nutrindo Ideais Performance and Nutrition Research Center, Rio de Janeiro 22640-100, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-2197-6959-339
| | | | - Thomaz Baesso
- Nutrindo Ideais Performance and Nutrition Research Center, Rio de Janeiro 22640-100, Brazil
| | - Rayssa Petronio
- Nutrindo Ideais Performance and Nutrition Research Center, Rio de Janeiro 22640-100, Brazil
| | - Danilo Aguiar
- Nutrindo Ideais Performance and Nutrition Research Center, Rio de Janeiro 22640-100, Brazil
| | - Raphaela Paes
- Nutrindo Ideais Performance and Nutrition Research Center, Rio de Janeiro 22640-100, Brazil
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Patel L, Vecchia CL, Alicandro G. Serum vitamin D and cardiometabolic risk factors in the UK population. J Hum Nutr Diet 2022; 36:1019-1030. [PMID: 35997254 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations have been associated with greater adiposity and an adverse cardiometabolic risk profile, yet findings are inconsistent and the role of vitamin D status in cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains uncertain. We aimed to examine the associations between serum 25(OH)D and CVD risk factors in the British population. We analysed data on 2842 subjects aged ≥40 years enrolled in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS 2008-2018). Based on serum 25(OH)D concentrations, study subjects were grouped in three categories: vitamin D deficiency (<25 nmol/L), vitamin D insufficiency (25-49 nmol/L) and vitamin D sufficiency status (≥50 nmol/mL). Differences in CVD risk factors between vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency and vitamin D sufficiency status were expressed in standard deviation scores (SDSs) and estimated through weighted multiple linear regression models. We found that vitamin D deficiency was directly associated with BMI, waist circumference, triglycerides and inversely associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) values. The strongest associations were found between vitamin D deficiency and triglycerides (0.50 SDS, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.77) among men, and vitamin D deficiency and waist circumference (0.70 SDS, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.94), BMI (0.63 SDS, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.88) and triglycerides (0.54 SDS, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.77) among women. When adjusting for BMI the association with triglyceride attenuated (from 0.50 SDS to 0.39 SDS among men and from 0.54 SDS to 0.30 SDS among women). Our data indicates a relationship between inadequate vitamin D status and an adverse CVD risk profile. However, interventional studies are needed to establish possible benefits of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular risk. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linia Patel
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 22, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 22, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Alicandro
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
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12
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Hong J. A new perspective on cholesterol in pediatric health: association of vitamin D metabolism, respiratory diseases, and mental health problems. Clin Exp Pediatr 2022; 65:65-72. [PMID: 34886593 PMCID: PMC8841974 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2020.00934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol, the main structural molecule of cell membranes, is involved in essential functions of the human body. Dyslipidemia is an established risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) that is observed even in childhood. To reduce the risk of CVDs in children, several clinical guidelines have been published for the management of pediatric dyslipidemia. However, pediatric dyslipidemia is also associated with several health problems other than CVDs. This article reviews the current data on dyslipidemia-related pediatric health issues. There is strong evidence that low serum vitamin D levels, asthma, and mental health problems may be associated with dyslipidemia in the pediatric population regardless of body mass index. This review also highlights the need for further large-scale population-based studies in the Korean pediatric population to establish effective strategies for promoting children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeana Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
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13
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Elmi C, Fan MM, Le M, Cheng G, Khalighi K. Association of serum 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D level with lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein level. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2021; 11:812-816. [PMID: 34804396 PMCID: PMC8604514 DOI: 10.1080/20009666.2021.1968571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction 25-Hydroxy vitamin D (Vit D3) deficiency was found to be associated with vascular dysfunction, arterial stiffening, extent of coronary artery disease and cardiovascular mortality. Previous studies showed positive correlation between serum Vit D3 and HDL-C and negative correlation between Vit D3 and LDL-C. The aim of this study is to investigate more details about the possible association of serum Vit D3 level with lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein level. Methods Totally 101 patients were included in this study and Vit D3, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total triglyceride (TG), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Non-HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein particle (LDL-P), small dense low-density lipoprotein particle (sLDL-P), small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C), High-density lipoprotein cholesterol particles (HDL-P), High-density lipoprotein 2-cholesterol (HDL2-C), Apolipoprotein B(ApoB), Apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1) and Apolipoprotein B/Apolipoprotein A1 ratio (ApoB/A ratio) were tested. Results Our results show that patients with Vit D3 deficiency (Vit D3 < 30 ng/ml) have significantly higher level of LDL-C, TG, Non-HDL-C, LDL-P, sLDL-P, sdLDL-C, ApoB and ApoB/A ratio compare with patients have normal Vit D3 level (Vit D3 > 30 ng/ml). Patients with normal Vit D3 level have significantly higher level of HDL-C and HDL2-C. Correlation study shows that Vit D3 level is negative correlated with TC, LDL-C, TG, Non-HDL-C, LDL-P, sLDL-P, sdLDL-C, ApoB and ApoB/A ratio and positive correlated with HDL2-C level. Conclusion Our results show that Vit D3 deficiency links to an increased risk for dyslipidemia and that may be the reason that patients with vitamin D deficiency tend to have higher risk of coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus Elmi
- Easton Cardiovascular Associates, Easton, PA, USA
- Moravian Academy, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Melton Mingtian Fan
- Easton Cardiovascular Associates, Easton, PA, USA
- Thurgood Marshall College, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Marjolein Le
- Department of Medicine, St Luke’s University Hospital, Easton Campus, Easton, PA, USA
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Koroush Khalighi
- Easton Cardiovascular Associates, Easton, PA, USA
- Lehigh Valley Heart Institute, Easton, PA, USA
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14
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Association of changes in lipid levels with changes in vitamin D levels in a real-world setting. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21536. [PMID: 34728785 PMCID: PMC8563916 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In clinical trials, vitamin D supplementation has been reported to reduce serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) but not high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). In this cohort study we evaluated the association between changes in vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) and changes in lipid levels in a real-world setting. Changes in lipid levels over a 1-year period were evaluated among individuals whose vitamin D levels increased (group 1) or decreased (group 2) by ≥ 10 ng/mL in year 2018 versus 2017 (cohort 1; n = 5580), in 2019 versus 2018 (cohort 2, n = 6057), or in 2020 versus 2019 (cohort 3, n = 7249). In each cohort, levels of TC, LDL-C, and TG decreased in group 1 and increased in group 2. Between-group differences in average changes in the 3 cohorts ranged from 10.71 to 12.02 mg/dL for TC, from 7.42 to 8.95 mg/dL for LDL-C, and from 21.59 to 28.09 mg/dL for TG. These differences were significant after adjusting for age, sex, race, education, body mass index, blood pressure, smoking status, geographical location, and baseline levels of vitamin D and lipids (P < 0.001). Changes in vitamin D levels were not significantly associated with changes in HDL-C levels.
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Morvaridzadeh M, Agah S, Alibakhshi P, Heydari H, Hoseini AS, Palmowski A, Toupchian O, Abdollahi S, Rezamand G, Heshmati J. Effects of Calcium and Vitamin D Co-supplementation on the Lipid Profile: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Ther 2021; 43:274-296. [PMID: 34456059 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Calcium and vitamin D co-supplementation is common and widely used, but randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) have yielded inconclusive results concerning its impact on the serum lipid profile. METHODS A comprehensive literature search of Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and clinical trial registry databases was conducted to identify placebo-controlled RCTs that were published through September 2020 and that evaluated the impact of calcium and vitamin D co-supplementation on total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), low- and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis models. FINDINGS Thirteen studies in a total of 2304 participants met the inclusion criteria. Calcium and vitamin D co-supplementation was associated with significant reductions in both TC (SMD, -0.81; 95% CI, -1.35 to -0.27; I2 = 94.6%) and TGs (SMD, -0.50; 95% CI, -0.91 to -0.08; I2 = 91.5%), and with a significant increase in HDL-C (SMD, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.60 to 1.83; I2 = 95.4%). However, calcium and vitamin D co-supplementation were not found to be associated with significantly decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD, -0.39; 95% CI, -0.78 to 0.01; I2 = 90.1%) or very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD, -0.01; 95% CI, -0.70 to 0.69; I2 = 82.3%). IMPLICATIONS The findings from the present systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that calcium and vitamin D co-supplementation has a beneficial effect on TC, TG, and HDL-C. Larger-scale, well-designed RCTs are needed to clarify the effect of calcium and vitamin D co-supplementation on all lipid-profile components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Morvaridzadeh
- Department of Nutritional Science, Songhor Healthcare Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shahram Agah
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooya Alibakhshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hafez Heydari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Ava Sadat Hoseini
- Department of Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andriko Palmowski
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Omid Toupchian
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, School of Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Shima Abdollahi
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, School of Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Rezamand
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Javad Heshmati
- Department of Nutritional Science, Songhor Healthcare Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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16
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Gouni-Berthold I, Berthold HK. Vitamin D and Vascular Disease. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2021; 19:250-268. [PMID: 32183681 DOI: 10.2174/1570161118666200317151955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Vitamin D deficiency has been identified as a potential risk factor for a number of diseases unrelated to the classical skeletal pathophysiology, such as cancer and CVD, but the effects of vitamin D supplementation are less clear. Purpose of this narrative review is to discuss the evidence suggesting an association between vitamin D status and CVD as well as the results of supplementation studies. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with CVD risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus as well as with cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction, stroke and heart failure. While vitamin D deficiency might contribute to the development of CVD through its association with risk factors, direct effects of vitamin D on the cardiovascular system may also be involved. Vitamin D receptors are expressed in a variety of tissues, including cardiomyocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. Moreover, vitamin D has been shown to affect inflammation, cell proliferation and differentiation. While observational studies support an association between low plasma vitamin D levels and increased risk of CVD, Mendelian randomization studies do not support a causal association between the two. At present, high quality randomized trials do not find evidence of significant effects on CVD endpoints and do not support supplementation of vitamin D to decrease CVD events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Gouni-Berthold
- Polyclinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heiner K Berthold
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Bethel Clinic (EvKB), Bielefeld, Germany
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17
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Han YY, Hsu SHJ, Su TC. Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and High Serum Levels of Small Dense LDL in Middle-Aged Adults. Biomedicines 2021; 9:464. [PMID: 33923190 PMCID: PMC8145029 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggested a potential link between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular risk factors, including dyslipidemia. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and atherogenic lipid profiles, specifically, that of small dense low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (sdLDL-C). From 2009 to 2011, a total of 715 individuals aged 35-65 without evident cardiovascular disease (CVD) were enrolled. Their levels of serum 25(OH)D and lipid profiles were measured. Vitamin D deficiency was found to be more common in females, smokers, alcohol drinkers, individuals at a younger age, and those who do not exercise regularly. The analysis of lipid profiles revealed that high sdLDL-C levels were associated with low serum vitamin D levels and were more common among cigarette smokers; alcohol drinkers; individuals with hypertension; individuals with high BMI; and those with high levels of fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, LDL-C, and VLDL-C. The use of multivariate logistic regression verified a strong negative correlation between low vitamin D status (serum 25(OH)D < 15 ng/mL) and the three identified biomarkers of atherogenic dyslipidemia: high serum levels of sdLDL-C, triglycerides, and VLDL-C. This study provides strong evidence that vitamin D deficiency is associated with atherogenic dyslipidemia, and in particular, high sdLDL-C levels in middle-aged adults without CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Yi Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan;
- Department of Traumatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Sandy Huey-Jen Hsu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100225, Taiwan;
| | - Ta-Chen Su
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
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18
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Wang J, Wang N, Ge Z, Ding B, Bi Y, Li W, Hong Z. Effect of Improving Dietary Structure on Serum 25(OH)VitD₃ Level in Hypertensive Patients in a Chinese Rural Area. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e929218. [PMID: 33888673 PMCID: PMC8078025 DOI: 10.12659/msm.929218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, we explored the effect of an improved dietary pattern on 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)VitD3] level in hypertensive patients in a rural setting and investigated the possible mechanism for lowering blood pressure. Material/Methods Thirty-three participants with overweight or obesity were randomly divided into 2 groups. A 24-h dietary review method was used for dietary assessment. Participants in both groups were provided the same balanced diet except for the breakfast staple food for 4 weeks. General characteristics, body composition analysis, blood pressure, serum lipid profile, inflammatory indices, and serum 25(OH)VitD3 level were assessed at baseline and at the completion of the 4-week dietary intervention. Nutrient intake was analyzed by dietary analysis software, and SPSS software was used for correlation and regression analyses. Results Thirty-one participants completed the study. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 100% at baseline. After the dietary intervention, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency decreased to 45%. Levels of dietary intake of vitamin D, cholesterol, protein, fat, and calcium showed a significantly positive correlation with the serum 25(OH)VitD3 level. Body fat, visceral fat, waist-to-hip ratio, serum triglyceride, and Toll-2 expression were negatively correlated with the serum 25(OH)VitD3 level. Blood pressure had a significant negative correlation with 25(OH)VitD3 level. Participants in both groups experienced a significant decrease in blood pressure. Conclusion Intake of a balanced diet rich in vitamin D, with appropriate amounts of cholesterol, protein, calcium, and fat, helped improve body composition, ameliorated lipid metabolism disorder, reduced inflammation, and improved serum 25(OH)VitD3 level, thus lowering blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Zhiwen Ge
- Department of Nutrition, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Bingjie Ding
- Department of Nutrition, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yanxia Bi
- Department of Nutrition, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Nutrition, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Zhongxin Hong
- Department of Nutrition, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
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Said J, Lagat D, Kimaina A, Oduor C. Beta cell function, insulin resistance and vitamin D status among type 2 diabetes patients in Western Kenya. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4084. [PMID: 33602978 PMCID: PMC7892854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83302-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum vitamin D status exerts effects on glucose-insulin-homeostatic states underlying Diabetes-Mellitus, Type 2 (T2DM). This has been described in white and Asian population where low Vitamin D levels predicted future impairments in beta cell function and worsening of insulin resistance. This study aimed to examine the relationship between serum vitamin D, insulin resistance and beta cell function in a sub population of black Kenyan T2DM patients. The primary objective was to determine the levels of serum 25 hydroxy (25-OH) vitamin D, and estimate the insulin resistance, and beta cell function among T2DM patients at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH). This was a cross sectional study. 124 T2DM patients attending the MTRH Diabetes clinic between February and May 2016 were enrolled. Patients on insulin therapy and/or thiazolidinediones were excluded. Anthropometric, clinical and demographic data was obtained. Samples were drawn for estimation of serum 25-OH vitamin D, fasting insulin levels and fasting blood glucose levels. HOMA (Homeostatic model of assessment) model was used to estimate Beta cell secretion (HOMA-B) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR); while the Disposition index {(DI) hyperbola product of insulin sensitivity (1/HOMA-IR) and beta cell secretion} was used to estimate the beta cell function. The relationships between serum vitamin D, insulin resistance and beta cell function were explored using a linear regression model. The study participants had a mean age of 56.2 (± 9.2) years, and a mean BMI of 26.9 kg/m2 (4.3). Forty nine percent (n = 61) were males. Vitamin D deficiency was present in 71.1% (n = 88) of the respondents. Relatively low levels of insulin resistance and higher levels of beta cell dysfunction were observed {median HOMA-IR of 2.3 (0.7, 6.5) and Disposition Index (DI) of 25.5 (14.3, 47.2)}. Vitamin D levels exhibited a low positive correlation with DI [r = 0.22 (95% CI: 0.03, 0.37)], but was not significantly correlated with HOMA-IR [r = 0.07(95% CI: - 0.11, 0.25)]. These results indicate that beta cell dysfunction rather than insulin resistance as the predominant defect among black T2DM patients seeking care at the MTRH diabetes clinic. Vitamin D deficiency is also prevalent among them and exhibits a low positive correlation with beta cell dysfunction. There was no correlation observed between Vitamin D deficiency and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamil Said
- grid.79730.3a0000 0001 0495 4256Department of Human Anatomy, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - David Lagat
- grid.79730.3a0000 0001 0495 4256Department of Medicine, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Allan Kimaina
- The Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Chrispine Oduor
- grid.79730.3a0000 0001 0495 4256Department of Medicine, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya
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20
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Turkes GF, Uysal S, Demir T, Demiral Y, Pamuk BO, Yılmaz H, Demir L, Doruk M, Bozkaya G. Associations Between Bioavailable Vitamin D and Remnant Cholesterol in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Cureus 2021; 13:e13248. [PMID: 33728195 PMCID: PMC7948319 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In circulation, 99% vitamin D is transported by binding to vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) and albumin. Vitamin D at free form and vitamin D binding to albumin are defined as bioavailable vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with atherogenic lipid profile and insulin resistance. Remnant cholesterol is defined as the cholesterol component of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and contributes to the atherosclerotic burden. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between bioavailable vitamin D and remnant cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods A total of 198 T2DM patients and 208 non-diabetic subjects underwent biochemical measurements of lipid profiles, 25(OH)D, VDBP, CRP and albumin levels. Their demographic characteristics (age, sex) were questioned. Subjects with thyroid, kidney and liver dysfunction and using lipid-lowering therapy were not included in the study. The diagnosis of T2DM was made according to the American Diabetes Association ADA 2016 criteria. Classification of vitamin D levels was done according to the Endocrine Society. Bioavailable vitamin D concentrations were calculated. Results High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), 25(OH)D, free vitamin D and bioavailable vitamin D levels were significantly lower in diabetic patients than in non-diabetic patients while triglyceride, remnant cholesterol and CRP levels were found to be significantly higher. VDBP was positively correlated with CRP and remnant cholesterol in diabetic patients, but not in non-diabetic patients. Cut-off values were determined from non-diabetics as 3.56 ng/mL for bioavailable vitamin D and 26.56 mg/dL for remnant cholesterol. Logistic regression analysis in the control group showed that the odds ratio for increasing remnant cholesterol above the cut-off value was determined as 2.01 for low bioavailable vitamin D and 1.1 for elevated CRP. However, in T2DM there was no significant relationship. In all subjects, low bioavailable vitamin D increased the remnant cholesterol above the cut-off by 2.18-fold independent of the presence of T2DM. However, there was no significant risk to increase remnant cholesterol, considering a total 25(OH) D deficiency in all groups. Conclusions Low bioavailable vitamin D was found to be a risk factor for elevated remnant cholesterol. This relationship was not detected in patients with T2DM. We believe that the inflammation observed in Diabetes Mellitus may increase the concentrations of VDBP and a decrease in bioavailable vitamin D levels. Therefore, measuring VDBP and calculating the bioavailable vitamin D may provide additional information about the actual vitamin D status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsum Feyza Turkes
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, TUR.,Biochemistry, Kecioren Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, TUR
| | - Sezer Uysal
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, TUR
| | - Tevfik Demir
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, TUR
| | - Yucel Demiral
- Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, TUR
| | - Baris Onder Pamuk
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Izmir Katip Celebi University Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, TUR
| | - Husnu Yılmaz
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Izmir Katip Celebi University Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, TUR
| | - Leyla Demir
- Biochemistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, TUR
| | - Mehmet Doruk
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, TUR
| | - Giray Bozkaya
- Biochemistry, Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, TUR
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21
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Karuppusami R, Antonisami B, Vasan SK, Gowri M, Selliah HY, Arulappan G, Jebasingh F, Thomas N, Paul TV. Association of serum 25-Hydroxy vitamin D with total and regional adiposity and cardiometabolic traits. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243850. [PMID: 33370344 PMCID: PMC7769464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is associated with greater adiposity and adverse cardiometabolic risk profile. The evidence is inconsistent among South Asian Indians. We aimed to examine associations between 25(OH)D and cardiovascular (CVD) risk markers in a rural and urban cohort from South India. Subjects/Methods In this cross sectional study, 373 individuals (men, n = 205) underwent detailed CVD risk marker assessment including anthropometry [body mass index (BMI), waist, (WC) and hip circumferences (HC)], body composition analysis using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), blood pressure and biochemical analysis (glucose, insulin and lipids). The distribution of CVD risk factors were compared across serum 25(OH)D levels, stratified as deficiency (<20 ng/ml), insufficiency (20 to 29 ng/ml) and normal (≥30 ng/ml) levels. Multiple regression analysis, adjusting for potential confounders, was used to study associations of 25(OH)D with adiposity and cardiometabolic traits. Results The mean and standard deviation (SD) of age, BMI and 25(OH)D levels were 41.4 (1.1) years, 25.5 (4.8) kg/m2 and 23.4 (10.4) ng/ml respectively. The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency was 39.9% in this cohort. Individuals in the 25(OH)D deficiency category had significantly higher mean (SD) BMI [26.6 (5.1) kg/m2], waist circumference [89.9 (12.5) cm] and total fat mass [20.6 (7.9) kg] compared with the Vitamin D sufficient group [BMI: 24.0 (4.4); WC 84.7 (12.0); total fat mass: 15.2 (6.8)]. Significantly inverse associations were observed with DXA measured total and regional fat depots with 25(OH)D levels, while anthropometric indices of adiposity showed significant inverse association only in women. After adjusting for total fat mass, no significant associations were observed between 25(OH)D and the cardiometabolic traits. Conclusions Our results confirm that lower 25(OH)D is independently associated with both total and regional adiposity, but not with cardiometabolic traits, in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reka Karuppusami
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | - Senthil K. Vasan
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mahasampath Gowri
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Hepsy Y. Selliah
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | - Felix Jebasingh
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Nihal Thomas
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Thomas V. Paul
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
- * E-mail:
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de Albuquerque Borborema ME, Oliveira DC, de Azevêdo Silva J. Down regulation of VDR gene expression in metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis' patients: Cause or consequence? Gene 2020; 771:145341. [PMID: 33333229 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MS) features a set of clinical manifestations with an increased risk of atherosclerosis development. Vitamin D3 (VD3) pathway influences upon clinical features in MS as well in the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. VD3 acts through the vitamin D receptor (VDR), regulating the transcription of several genes involved in the immune response, growth and homeostasis. AIM To evaluate whether VDR mRNA levels vary in MS patients according clinical features and atherosclerosis severity. METHODS We included eighty individuals distributed into four groups: 1 group with MS (n = 20), 2 groups with atherosclerosis based on the report from the angiography (severe lesions - SL and primary lesions - PL) and 1 group enclosing healthy individuals (HC). The expression assays of VDR gene was performed using Real Time qPCR, with specific Taqman probes. We applied the Shapiro-Wilk, Chi-Squared and Student's T-tests for statistical analyses considering as statistically significant p < 0.05. RESULTS Patients with MS as well with coronary stenosis present a down-regulation of VDR gene expression (-9.01 FC, p = 2.497 × 10-13; -13.62 FC, p = 7.489 × 10-13, respectively) when compared to control group. We also evaluated the VDR gene expression according to atherosclerosis severity, SL and PL patients present a downregulation of -31.51 FC and -8.48 FC, respectively, when compared with healthy controls group (p = 1.369 × 10-11; p = 1.647 × 10-11). When compared different degrees of atherosclerosis severity (SL versus PL) SL present a downregulation of -3.71 FC, when compared to PL group (p = 0.006). CONCLUSION VDR is downregulated in patients with MS and according atherosclerosis severity. The differential expression of this gene is related to this hormone functions being an ex-vivo gene target for assessment in MS and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eduarda de Albuquerque Borborema
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular Humana, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Dinaldo C Oliveira
- Divisão de Cardiologia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline de Azevêdo Silva
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular Humana, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Mohammed Khalid Mansoor K, Iqbal S, Nowshad N, Abdelmannan D. Interplay between Vitamin D, Obesity, and Other Metabolic Factors in a Multiethnic Adult Cohort. DUBAI DIABETES AND ENDOCRINOLOGY JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1159/000511687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Vitamin D deficiency and obesity have been classified as pandemic issues worldwide with high prevalence of both the risk factors in the United Arab Emirates. In recent years, obesity has been associated with vitamin D deficiency, but very few studies have been published about the correlation between them in the UAE population. <b><i>Subjects and Methods:</i></b> This is a cross-sectional study designed to find a correlation between vitamin D deficiency and obesity along with other metabolic factors. Data were collected from electronic medical records of 300 subjects ranging from 15 to 85 years of age of various ethnic origins residing in Dubai. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The study showed a high prevalence of obesity (44.9%) and vitamin D deficiency (40.1) in our study population. There is no evidence of a relation between vitamin D level and the obesity; 40.1% of the subjects were vitamin D deficient, out of which 46.7% were obese. However, a statistically significant relationship was found between cholesterol levels and vitamin D levels. Similarly, a significant relation was found between decreasing Vitamin D levels and increasing age but no relationship was detected with gender. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The present study revealed an alarming prevalence of obesity and vitamin D deficiency. Further steps need to be taken to tackle this growing problem.
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Sah SK, Adhikary LP. Association Between Dyslipidemia and Serum Level of 25-Hydroxyvitamin-D in Early Chronic Kidney Disease, Not on Dialysis: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study from the Himalayan Country. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2020; 13:211-218. [PMID: 33061530 PMCID: PMC7522427 DOI: 10.2147/ijnrd.s267252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with CKD have a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia and hypovitaminosis than the normal population. Recent studies in the general population have shown a potential link between 25(OH)D and dyslipidemia. However, such evidence in the early CKD population, especially in the Nepalese setting, is lacking. Thus, the present study aimed at investigating the status of 25(OH)D and dyslipidemia in the early CKD patients, and further to establish an association between 25(OH)D and lipid profile. Patients and Methods In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed 136 clinically stable non-dialyzed CKD patients. 25(OH)D and lipid profile were evaluated as a core variable, and their direction and magnitude of a relationship were evaluated. Results The estimated prevalence of dyslipidemia was 49.3%, and 63.2% population had a deficiency of 25(OH)D level. Compared with the patient with normal 25(OH)D level, the patient with deficient 25(OH)D level had a significantly higher level of LDL-c (P=0.04) and lower level of HDL-C (P=0.048). Serum 25(OH)D level was significantly lower in dyslipidemic patients than non-dyslipidemic patients (P=0.015). Regression analysis demonstrated a significant inverse relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and LDL-c (β=−1.5; P=<0.001), and TC levels (β=−1.4;P=0.003), and the association remained unchanged with further adjustment for age, sex, HTN, DM, serum albumin and eGFR. Conclusion Our study unveiled a high rate of dyslipidemia and hypovitaminosis in a considerable number of early CKD patients. Low serum level of 25(OH)D was significantly correlated with a higher rate of dyslipidemia. These findings indicate some evidence for 25(OH)D level as a marker of dyslipidemia prediction, and that decrease in serum level of 25(OH)D is associated with increased serum level of LDL and TC; it could increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, early recognition and timely management of hypovitaminosis and dyslipidemia is vital to prevent an inevitable cardiovascular event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Kumar Sah
- Department of Pharmacy, Purbanchal University, Little Buddha College of Health Science, Kathmandu, Nepal.,Gastro and Liver Foundation, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Laxman Prasad Adhikary
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, Kathmandu Medical Hospital Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
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25
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Hashemizadeh P, Shekarriz-Foumani R, Niroomand M. The relationship between vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome in veterans of Iran-Iraq war. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2020. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-190373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Hashemizadeh
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Shekarriz-Foumani
- Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahtab Niroomand
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Saheb Sharif-Askari F, Saheb Sharif-Askari N, Halwani R, Abusnana S, Hamoudi R, Sulaiman N. Low Vitamin D Serum Level Is Associated with HDL-C Dyslipidemia and Increased Serum Thrombomodulin Levels of Insulin-Resistant Individuals. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:1599-1607. [PMID: 32494176 PMCID: PMC7231785 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s245742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-resistant individuals are known to have dyslipidemia and are predicted to be at high risk of cardiovascular events. Vitamin D deficiency was shown to be associated with dyslipidemia; however, the type of dyslipidemia associated with vitamin D deficiency in insulin-resistant individuals is not determined. Furthermore, there is evidence linking insulin resistance with low-grade inflammation suggesting levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines to be increased in insulin-resistant states. OBJECTIVE This study was performed to evaluate the impact of vitamin D deficiency, defined as serum level of 25(OH)D below 20 ng/mL, on lipid profile and inflammatory markers such as interleukin (IL-6) and IL-8, as well as soluble thrombomodulin (TM) in the serum of insulin-resistant individuals. METHODS A total of 4114 individuals had simultaneous serum 25(OH)D, insulin, and lipid panel testing during 2013 as part of the United Arab Emirates National Diabetes and Lifestyle (UAEDIAB) study. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between serum level of 25(OH)D and lipid profile in insulin-sensitive versus -resistant individuals. The lipid panel was stratified into high total cholesterol (TC: >6.2 mmol/L), high low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C: >2.59 mmol/L), high triglycerides (TG: >2.3 mmol/L), and low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C: <1.55 mmol/L) dyslipidemia. Furthermore, the immunomodulatory and vasculoprotective effects of 25(OH)D were assessed by measuring the levels of IL-6, IL-8, and soluble TM in serum using ELISA. RESULTS More than half of the 4114 individuals were insulin resistant (n=2760, 67%) and around one-fifth of them were vitamin D-deficient (n=796, 19%). After adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, smoking, ethnicity, and educational level, the only dyslipidemia associated with vitamin D-deficient-insulin-resistant individuals (OR 2.09 [95]; P=0.009) was lower HDL-C. Furthermore, deficient 25(OH)D individuals with low HDL-C levels had higher circulatory IL-6 and IL-8 levels, and higher serum soluble TM compared to individuals with sufficient 25(OH)D and normal lipid profiles (median, IL-6 pg/mL 0.82 vs 1.71, P=0.001; median, IL-8 pg/mL 51.31 vs 145.6, P=0.003; and median, soluble TM ng/mL 5.19 vs 7.38, P<0.0001; in sufficient vs deficient groups, respectively). CONCLUSION The results of our study showed that in insulin-resistant individuals, vitamin D deficiency status is associated with HDL-C dyslipidemia and higher serum inflammatory and endothelial damage markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Narjes Saheb Sharif-Askari
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salah Abusnana
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospital Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nabil Sulaiman
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Epidemiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Hafez M, Musa N, Abdel Atty S, Ibrahem M, Abdel Wahab N. Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Lipid Profile in Vitamin D-Deficient Children with Type 1 Diabetes and Dyslipidemia. Horm Res Paediatr 2020; 91:311-318. [PMID: 31266036 DOI: 10.1159/000500829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D (VD) was suggested to have both direct and indirect effects on modifying lipid profile in patients with diabetes through its regulatory action that increases the activity of lipoprotein lipase in adiposity. OBJECTIVES To detect the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and lipid profiles in dyslipidemic T1D patients and study the effect of VD supplementation on lipid profiles of VD-deficient T1D patients. METHODS Fifty patients with T1D (for >2 years) and dyslipidemia were included. 25OHD was assessed and patients were divided accordingly into 2 groups: VD sufficiency (>30 ng/mL) and VD deficiency (VDD) or insufficiency (<29 ng/mL) who were allocated to VD3 supplementation for 4 months, then lipid profile was reevaluated in both groups. RESULTS Thirty patients had VDD, while 20 patients had VD sufficiency. There was no significant correlation between 25OHD and different study parameters (p > 0.05). A significant difference was found among both groups in the family history of coronary heart disease (p = 0.036) and free tetraiodothyronine 4 (p = 0.035). After 4 months of VD supplementation in VDD group, the mean difference (at 0 and 4 months) in low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was statistically significant (p = 0.02 and 0.04 respectively) between both groups. The mean basal LDL was 126.91 mg/dL in VDD group that improved to 117.13 mg/dL after 4 months of VD therapy with a mean difference of -9.7 mg/dL compared to a mean difference of -2 mg/dL in VD sufficiency group. CONCLUSIONS VDD was highly prevalent in patients with T1D. There was no significant correlation between 25OHD levels and lipid profile in patients with T1D. VD supplementation for 4 months had a significant lowering effect on LDL and HbA1c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Hafez
- Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism Pediatric Unit, Children Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha Musa
- Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism Pediatric Unit, Children Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt,
| | - Sahar Abdel Atty
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ibrahem
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nehal Abdel Wahab
- Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism Pediatric Unit, Children Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Durá-Travé T, Gallinas-Victoriano F, Peñafiel-Freire DM, Urretavizcaya-Martinez M, Moreno-González P, Chueca-Guindulain MJ. Hypovitaminosis D and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adolescents with Severe Obesity. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 7:E10. [PMID: 32024097 PMCID: PMC7072215 DOI: 10.3390/children7020010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Obesity is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors and with Vitamin D deficiency. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between 25(OH)D concentrations and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents with severe obesity. SUBJECTS/METHODS A cross-sectional clinical assessment (body mass index, fat mass index, fat-free mass index, waist-to-height ratio, and blood pressure) and metabolic study (triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, leptin, calcium, phosphorous, calcidiol, and PTH) were carried out in 236 adolescents diagnosed with severe obesity (BMI z-score > 3.0, 99th percentile), aged 10.2-15.8 years. The criteria of the US Endocrine Society were used for the definition of Vitamin D status. RESULTS Subjects with Vitamin D deficiency had significantly elevated values (p < 0.05) for BMI z-score, waist circumference, waist z-score, body fat percentage, fat mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, insulin, HOMA-IR, leptin, and PTH than subjects with normal Vitamin D status. There was a significant negative correlation (p < 0.05) of serum 25(OH)D levels with body fat percentage, FMI, systolic BP, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, leptin, and PTH. CONCLUSIONS Low Vitamin D levels in adolescents with severe obesity were significantly associated with some cardiometabolic risk factors, including body mass index, waist circumference, fat mass index, high blood pressure, impaired lipid profile, and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodoro Durá-Travé
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (F.G.-V.); (D.M.P.-F.); (M.U.-M.); (P.M.-G.); (M.J.C.-G.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fidel Gallinas-Victoriano
- Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (F.G.-V.); (D.M.P.-F.); (M.U.-M.); (P.M.-G.); (M.J.C.-G.)
| | - Diego Mauricio Peñafiel-Freire
- Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (F.G.-V.); (D.M.P.-F.); (M.U.-M.); (P.M.-G.); (M.J.C.-G.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Urretavizcaya-Martinez
- Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (F.G.-V.); (D.M.P.-F.); (M.U.-M.); (P.M.-G.); (M.J.C.-G.)
| | - Paula Moreno-González
- Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (F.G.-V.); (D.M.P.-F.); (M.U.-M.); (P.M.-G.); (M.J.C.-G.)
| | - María Jesús Chueca-Guindulain
- Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (F.G.-V.); (D.M.P.-F.); (M.U.-M.); (P.M.-G.); (M.J.C.-G.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Selim FO, Fahmi RM, Ali AE, Raafat N, Elsaid AF. Serum vitamin D levels in acute stroke patients. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-019-0129-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Vitamin D deficiency has been proposed as a risk factors of cerebrovascular stroke.
Objectives
The aim of this study was firstly, to assess the serum level of vitamin D in cerebral stroke patients and secondly, to examine if its deficiency was associated with stroke severity and outcome.
Methods
We utilized a case-control study design and recruited 138 acute stroke patients and 138 age- and sex-matched controls from subjects attending outpatient clinic for other reasons. All participants were subjected to full general and neurological examination. Brain imaging CT and/or MRI was performed. Blood samples were collected for measurement of serum level of vitamin D (ng/ml) by ELISA, alkaline phosphatase, serum calcium, and phosphorous. The stroke severity was assessed by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and stroke outcome was assessed by modified Rankin Scale (mRS).
Results
Stroke patients had significant lower levels of vitamin D compared with the control group. Vitamin D deficiency remained significantly associated with the NIHSS stroke severity score and the mRS 3-month stroke outcome after controlling for other significant factors such as age, dyslipidemia, and infarction size using multivariable logistic regression analysis.
Conclusion
Our results demonstrated that stroke patients suffer from vitamin D deficiency, which was associated with both stroke severity and poor outcome. Vitamin D supplementation could exert a therapeutic role in the management of cerebral stroke.
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Vitamin D as A Protector of Arterial Health: Potential Role in Peripheral Arterial Disease Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194907. [PMID: 31623356 PMCID: PMC6801787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic occlusive diseases and aneurysms that affect large and medium-sized arteries outside the cardiac and cerebral circulation are collectively known as peripheral arterial disease (PAD). With a rise in the rate of aging population worldwide, the number of people diagnosed with PAD is rapidly increasing. The micronutrient vitamin D is an important steroid hormone that acts on many crucial cellular mechanisms. Experimental studies suggest that optimal levels of vitamin D have beneficial effects on the heart and blood vessels; however, high vitamin D concentrations have been implicated in promoting vascular calcification and arterial stiffness. Observations from various clinical studies shows that deficiency of vitamin D has been associated with a greater risk of PAD. Epidemiological studies have often reported an inverse relation between circulating vitamin D status measured in terms of 25-hydroxivitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and increased cardiovascular disease risk; however, randomized controlled trials did not show a consistent positive effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular disease risk or events. Even though PAD shares all the major risk factors with cardiovascular diseases, the effect of vitamin D deficiency in PAD is not clear. Current evidence suggests a strong role of vitamin D in promoting genomic and epigenomic changes. This review summarises the current literature that supports the notion that vitamin D deficiency may promote PAD formation. A better understanding of underlying pathological mechanisms will open up new therapeutic possibilities which is the main unmet need in PAD management. Furthermore, epigenetic evidence shows that a more holistic approach towards PAD prevention that incorporates a healthy lifestyle, adequate exercise and optimal nutrition may be more effective in protecting the genome and maintaining a healthy vasculature.
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Valer-Martinez A, Martinez JA, Sayon-Orea C, Galvano F, Grosso G, Bes-Rastrollo M. Vitamin D and Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in Overweight Adults: An Overview of the Evidence. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:2407-2420. [PMID: 31333117 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190722103919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have suggested a potential association between low vitamin D serum levels and several pathological conditions apart from the well-known bone disorders. Thus, vitamin D insufficiency has been linked to cardiometabolic risk factors including obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, as well as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE This review intends to provide an overview of recent evidence from clinical studies on vitamin D [25- hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)] and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight adults. Furthermore, we also discussed potential mechanisms and limits of the retrieved results. METHODS The search process was based on the selection of publications (RCT) listed in PubMed and Cochrane Library databases. RESULTS Vitamin D status evidenced an inversely strong association with subcutaneous adipose tissue and visceral adiposity, but not significantly related to other bodyweight measures (i.e., body mass index). Studies have shown a potential inverse association of hypovitaminosis D with insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSION The mechanisms by which vitamin D deficiency enhances adiposity, as well as putative association with metabolic syndrome features, remain still unclear. Further investigation would be required to conclude whether vitamin D has an independent role in preventing cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Valer-Martinez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology/Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,IdiSNa, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Institute IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Sayon-Orea
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maira Bes-Rastrollo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,IdiSNa, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
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Dansinger ML, Williams PT, Superko HR, Schaefer EJ. Effects of weight change on apolipoprotein B-containing emerging atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk factors. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:154. [PMID: 31311555 PMCID: PMC6636168 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1094-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Non-high-density (HDL)-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-particle number, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), and small-dense (sdLDL) and large-buoyant (lbLDL) LDL-subfractions are emerging apo B-containing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk factors. Current guidelines emphasize lifestyle, including weight loss, for ASCVD risk management. Whether weight change affects these emerging risk factors beyond that predicted by traditional triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol measurements remains to be determined. Method Regression analyses of fasting ∆apo B-containing lipoproteins vs. ∆BMI were examined in a large anonymized clinical laboratory database of 33,165 subjects who did not report use of lipid-lowering medications. Regression slopes (±SE) were estimated as: *∆mmol/L per ∆kg/m2, †∆g/L per ∆kg/m2, ‡∆% per ∆kg/m2, and §∆μmol/L per ∆kg/m2. Results When adjusted for age, ∆BMI was significantly related to ∆nonHDL-cholesterol (males: 0.0238 ± 0.0041, P = 7.9 × 10− 9; females: 0.0330 ± 0.0037, P < 10− 16)*, ∆LDL-particles (males: 0.0128 ± 0.0024, P = 2.1 × 10− 7; females: 0.0114 ± 0.0022, P = 3.2 × 10− 7)*, ∆apo B (males: 0.0053 ± 0.0010, P = 7.9 × 10− 8; females: 0.0073 ± 0.0009, P = 2.2 × 10− 16)†, ∆sdLDL (males: 0.0125 ± 0.0015, P = 2.2 × 10− 16; females: 0.0128 ± 0.0012, P < 10− 16)*, ∆percent LDL carried on small dense particles (%sdLDL, males: 0.296 ± 0.035, P < 10− 16; females: 0.221 ± 0.023, P < 10− 16)‡, ∆triglycerides (males: 0.0358 ± 0.0049, P = 2.0 × 10− 13; females: 0.0304 ± 0.0029, P < 10− 16)*, and ∆LDL-cholesterol (males: 0.0128 ± 0.0034, P = 0.0002; females: 0.0232 ± 0.0031, P = 1.2 × 10− 13)* in both males and females. Age-adjusted ∆BMI was significantly related to ∆lbLDL in females (0.0098 ± 0.0024, P = 3.9 × 10− 5)* but not males (0.0007 ± 0.0026, P = 0.78)*. Female showed significantly greater increases in ∆LDL-cholesterol (P = 0.02) and ∆lbLDL (P = 0.008) per ∆BMI than males. ∆BMI had a greater effect on ∆LDL-cholesterol measured directly than indirect estimate of ∆LDL-cholesterol from the Friedewald equation. When sexes were combined and adjusted for age, sex, ∆triglycerides and ∆LDL-cholesterol, ∆BMI retained residual associations with ∆nonHDL-cholesterol (0.0019 ± 0.0009, P = 0.03)*, ∆LDL-particles (0.0032 ± 0.0010, P = 0.001)*, ∆apo B (0.0010 ± 0.0003, P = 0.0008)†, ∆Lp(a) (− 0.0091 ± 0.0021, P = 1.2 × 10− 5)§, ∆sdLDL (0.0001 ± 0.0000, P = 1.6 × 10− 11)* and ∆%sdLDL (0.151 ± 0.018, P < 10− 16) ‡. Conclusions Emerging apo B-containing risk factors show associations with weight change beyond those explained by the more traditional triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol measurements. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12944-019-1094-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Dansinger
- Boston Heart Diagnostics, 175 Crossing Boulevard, Suite 100, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA. .,Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Paul T Williams
- Boston Heart Diagnostics, 175 Crossing Boulevard, Suite 100, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA
| | - H Robert Superko
- Boston Heart Diagnostics, 175 Crossing Boulevard, Suite 100, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA
| | - Ernst J Schaefer
- Boston Heart Diagnostics, 175 Crossing Boulevard, Suite 100, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA.,Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center at Tufts University, 711 Washington St., Boston, MA, 02111, USA
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Relationship between Vitamin D Level and Lipid Profile in Non-Obese Children. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9070125. [PMID: 31262034 PMCID: PMC6680594 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9070125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with not only cardiovascular disease itself but also cardiovascular risk factors, including obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between vitamin D level and lipid profile in non-obese children. A total of 243 non-obese healthy volunteers, aged 9-18 years, were enrolled from March to May 2017. Their height and weight were measured, and body mass index was calculated. Subjects underwent blood tests, including measurements of vitamin D (25(OH)D) level and lipid panels, and were divided into either the vitamin D-deficient group (<20 ng/mL) or normal group. The student's t-test and a simple linear regression analysis were used to estimate the association between vitamin D level and lipid profile. Overall, 69.5% of non-obese children (n = 169) had a 25(OH)D level of less than 20 ng/mL. The vitamin D-deficient group showed higher triglyceride (TG) level and TG/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio than the normal group (TG level: 90.27 vs. 74.74 mmol/L, p = 0.003; TG/HDL-C ratio: 1.753 vs. 1.358, p = 0.003). Vitamin D level seems to affect the lipid profile, even in non-obese children, and a low vitamin D level may progress to dyslipidemia or obesity in non-obese children.
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Imga NN, Karci AC, Oztas D, Berker D, Guler S. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in overweight and obese premenopausal women. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15:598-606. [PMID: 31110524 PMCID: PMC6524196 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2018.75864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitamin D deficiency is a common problem, and it is related to increased risk of obesity, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. Vitamin D has a beneficial effect on dyslipidemia and insulin secretion. We aimed to investigate the impact of vitamin D3 supplementation on anthropometric and laboratory parameters in overweight and obese premenopausal women. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy-two overweight and 50 obese vitamin-D-deficient premenopausal women (mean age: 43.1 ±10.4 years) were included in the study. Baseline mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level was 6.1 (min.-max. = 2.9-15.8) ng/ml in overweight and was 5.6 (min.-max. = 3.0-22.0) ng/ml in obese subjects. At baseline and at the sixth month of supplementation, serum 25(OH)D, intact parathormone (iPTH), calcium, phosphorus, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and lipid profiles were assessed. RESULTS Following vitamin D3 supplementation in overweight and obese subjects, serum 25(OH)D increased from 6.1 to 34.7 ng/ml and 5.6 to 34.7 ng/ml, respectively (p < 0.001). At the sixth month of supplementation in both overweight and obese subjects, a significant reduction was detected in HOMA-IR (p < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p = 0.046, p = 0.044; respectively) and iPTH levels (p ≤ 0.001, p < 0.001; respectively). A negative adjusted correlation was found between changes in 25(OH)D and HOMA-IR (r = -0.581, p < 0.001; r = -0.389, p = 0.005; respectively). A 1 ng/ml increase in serum 25(OH)D level led to a 0.30-fold reduction in HOMA-IR level (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Our results support the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation in HOMA-IR and LDL-C improvement in both obese and overweight subjects. Further studies focused on low serum 25(OH)D levels with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narin Nasiroglu Imga
- Department of Endocrinology, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Saglik Bilimleri University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alper Cagri Karci
- Department of Endocrinology, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Saglik Bilimleri University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilek Oztas
- Department of Public Health, Medical School, Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilek Berker
- Department of Endocrinology, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Saglik Bilimleri University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serdar Guler
- Department of Endocrinology, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Saglik Bilimleri University, Ankara, Turkey
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Xu M, Jiang F, Li B, Zhang Z. 1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 alleviates high glucose-induced lipid accumulation in rat renal tubular epithelial cells by inhibiting SREBPs. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:15211-15221. [PMID: 31020705 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Lipid accumulation is a vital event in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2 D3 ) is considered to have a protective effect on diabetic nephropathy. However, it remains unclear whether 1α,25(OH)2 D3 can inhibit lipid accumulation, and the potential mechanisms responsible for lipid metabolism are incompletely understood. In this study, we evaluated the effects of 1α,25(OH)2 D3 on lipid metabolism in high glucose-exposed rat renal tubular epithelial NRK-52E cells. Results indicated that high glucose-enhanced lipid accumulation in NRK-52E cells and 1α,25(OH)2 D3 can remarkably decrease high glucose-induced lipid accumulation. Western blot showed that 1α,25(OH)2 D3 alleviated high glucose-induced upregulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and SREBP2, along with their established target genes fatty acid synthase (FASN) and hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductases (HMGCR). Overall, these findings suggest that 1α,25(OH)2 D3 downregulated the expressions of SREBPs to inhibit high glucose-induced lipid accumulation, which provides new sights into the protective effects of 1α,25(OH)2 D3 on diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, Department of Labor Hygiene and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, P R China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, Department of Labor Hygiene and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, P R China
| | - Bingyan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, P R China
| | - Zengli Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, Department of Labor Hygiene and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, P R China
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Hiemstra T, Lim K, Thadhani R, Manson JE. Vitamin D and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:4033-4050. [PMID: 30946457 PMCID: PMC7112191 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT A large body of experimental and observational data has implicated vitamin D deficiency in the development of cardiovascular disease. However, evidence to support routine vitamin D supplementation to prevent or treat cardiovascular disease is lacking. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A comprehensive literature review was performed using Pubmed and other literature search engines. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Mounting epidemiological evidence and data from Mendelian randomization studies support a link between vitamin D deficiency and adverse cardiovascular health outcomes, but randomized trial evidence to support vitamin D supplementation is sparse. Current public health guidelines restrict vitamin D intake recommendations to the maintenance of bone health and prevention of fractures. Two recently published large trials (VITAL and ViDA) that assessed the role of moderate-to-high dose vitamin D supplementation as primary prevention for cardiovascular outcomes in the general population had null results, and previous randomized trials have also been generally negative. These findings from general population cohorts that are largely replete in vitamin D may not be applicable to chronic kidney disease (CKD) populations, in which the use of active (1α-hydroxylated) vitamin D compounds is prevalent, or to other high-risk populations. Additionally, recent trials in the CKD population, and trials using vitamin D analogues have been limited. CONCLUSIONS Current randomized trials of vitamin D supplementation do not support benefits for cardiovascular health, but the evidence remains inconclusive. Additional randomized trials assessing larger numbers of participants with low baseline vitamin D levels, having longer follow-up periods, and testing higher vitamin D dosages, are needed to guide clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hiemstra
- Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kenneth Lim
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ravi Thadhani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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The importance of cholesterol follow-up testing under current statin treatment guidelines. Prev Med 2019; 121:150-157. [PMID: 30742874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Under "treat to risk" goals, low-density (LDL)-cholesterol follow-up measurements monitor statin compliance rather than titration to target levels, however, there is little evidence showing that more-frequent monitoring reduces LDL-cholesterol. We therefore tested whether frequency of blood tests significantly predicted lipoprotein improvements in a large anonymized clinical laboratory database. Differences (∆ ± SE) in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol between baseline and follow-up visits were calculated for 97,548 men and 110,424 women whose physicians sent blood to Boston Heart Diagnostics for analysis between 2010 and 2017. When adjusted for age and follow-up duration, plasma concentration changes per each follow-up measurement in men and women respectively were -2.84 ± 0.10 mg/dL and -3.03 ± 0.10 mg/dL for total cholesterol, -3.78 ± 0.30 mg/dL and -2.26 ± 0.19 mg/dL for triglycerides, and -2.54 ± 0.09 mg/dL and -3.06 ± 0.09 mg/dL for LDL-cholesterol (all P < 10-16). Relative to baseline, significant decreases (P < 10-16) were observed for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd follow-up measurements for total cholesterol (mean ± SE, men: -9.4 ± 0.1, -11.9 ± 0.2, -13.7 ± 0.3; women: -8.0 ± 0.1, -10.5 ± 0.2, -12.6 ± 0.3 mg/dL, respectively), triglycerides (men: -10.3 ± 0.4, -12.8 ± 0.5, -13.4 ± 0.7; women: -6.4 ± 0.2, -8.8 ± 0.4, -10.1 ± 0.5 mg/dL, respectively) and LDL-cholesterol (men: -7.8 ± 0.1, -9.9 ± 0.2, -11.1 ± 0.2; women: -6.9 ± 0.1, -9.0 ± 0.2, -10.7 ± 0.2 mg/dL, respectively). When adjusted for regression to the mean, 6.9%, 9.9% and 11.8% of men, and 5.7%, 9.7% and 11.5% of women, went from having an LDL-cholesterol ≥160 to <160 mg/dL for their 1st, 2nd, and 3rd follow-up measurements, respectively. We conclude that under usual physician care, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-cholesterol concentrations decreased progressively with increased physician monitoring within a large patient population.
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Parameters of Bone and Cardiovascular Health Related to 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Status in Emirati Nationals attending Primary Care and Diabetes services: a retrospective cohort study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3835. [PMID: 30846793 PMCID: PMC6405844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40523-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is endemic in people living in the Gulf states. We performed a retrospective analysis of data gathered at the first attendance of 82,396 Emirati nationals to outpatient diabetes, endocrinology and general primary care services at two centres in the United Arab Emirates during 2012–2016. Our aim was to explore associations between vitamin D status and markers of cardiovascular and bone health. In the study population, 67.1% of men and 73.5% of women had serum 25(OH)D of less than 50 nmol/L, with the lowest levels being found in young adults. Among Emirati adults with type 2 diabetes, serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L was associated with an increased risk of a coexisting adverse total cholesterol:HDL (TC:HDL) ratio (odds ratio 2.13 (1.60–2.84), p < 0.001). Correcting for age, sex, body mass index, HbA1c and statin therapy, an increase in 25(OH)D of 1 nmol/L was associated with a 0.01 unit reduction in TC:HDL in this population. In a subset of 1064 adult individuals, 25(OH)D < 25 nmol/L was associated with a reduction in DEXA-measured z-score of −0.29 (−0.44 to −0.15, p < 0.001) at the femoral neck and of −0.25(−0.45 to −0.05, p = 0.015) at L1–4, corrected for body mass index, compared with individuals with 25(OH)D ≥ 75 nmol/L. Our findings raise concerns regarding lifetime burden of cardiovascular disease and bone health for young Emiratis with vitamin D deficiency.
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Mukhopadhyay P, Ghosh S, Pandit K, Chatterjee P, Mukherjee PS, Chowdhury S. Pandemic of Vitamin D Deficiency: Cardiometabolic Concern or Skeletal Biochemical Abnormality? Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2019; 23:215-221. [PMID: 31161106 PMCID: PMC6540882 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_59_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Biochemical Vitamin D deficiency is said to be present universally in recent times. However, its effect is more profound in modulation of anthropometric and biochemical risk factors of various chronic metabolic disorders rather than its influence on bone mineral abnormalities. The present study was undertaken to compare various anthropometric and biochemical parameters including basic bone mineral biochemistry in various strata of Vitamin D status. MATERIALS AND METHODS A population based study was done in the rural area of West Bengal comprising 405 people (initially targeted 400) to look for various anthropometric and biochemical parameters. RESULTS Anthropometric metabolic markers like BMI, WC, waist to height ratio and biochemical parameters like total cholesterol, LDL, TG, insulin, ALT, FPG were statistically significantly higher in vitamin D deficient (<20 ng/ml) (n = 228) subjects compared to Vitamin D non-deficient subjects (≥20 ng/ml) (n = 177) which persisted even after adjustment for BMI except for FPG. The difference was similarly present when severely Vitamin D deficient (<10 ng/ml) (n = 39) subjects were compared to Vitamin D sufficient subjects (≥30 ng/ml) (n = 38) and persisted after adjustment for BMI except for FPG. However, WHR, blood pressure (both systolic and diastolic), HbA1c, HDL, AST, Uric acid, freeT4, TSH, HOMA-IR were not different in both the above-mentioned comparisons. Metabolic syndrome was statistically significantly lower in vitamin D non-deficient subjects. Though iPTH was statistically significantly higher in the low vitamin D cohorts in both the comparisons, bone mineral markers like serum calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase were not different even when severely vitamin D deficient subjects were compared to vitamin D sufficient subjects. CONCLUSION Pandemic of vitamin D deficiency is more likely to be associated with cardio-metabolic risk factors than biochemical bone mineral abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Department of Endocrinology, IPGME and R, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Kaushik Pandit
- Department of Endocrinology, Belle Vue Clinic, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Public Health, Indian Institute of Liver and Digestive Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Farag HAM, Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ, Muhammad BA, Esmaillzadeh A, Hamid El Bilbeisi A. Effects of vitamin D supplementation along with endurance physical activity on lipid profile in metabolic syndrome patients: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1093-1098. [PMID: 31336450 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to determine the effects of vitamin D supplementation along with endurance physical activity on lipid profile among metabolic syndrome patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a parallel randomized placebo controlled trial, 70 metabolic syndrome patients, were randomly assigned into three groups. Biochemical tests were assessed as baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. RESULTS The mean vitamin D levels was increased significantly in both vitamin D and vitamin D plus physical activity groups (P value < 0.05). No significant change was observed in the placebo group. Additionally, there was a significant decrease in total cholesterol and LDL-C in vitamin D plus physical activity group (P value < 0.05). No significant differences in changes of triglycerides and HDL-C among the three groups (P value > 0.05). While, in vitamin D group a decreased in total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and increase in triglycerides were observed, but did not reach a statistically significant. CONCLUSION Daily supplementation of vitamin D for 12 weeks, along with moderate endurance physical activity, significantly increase vitamin D concentration and induce a significant reduction in lipid profile in metabolic syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halgord Ali M Farag
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Science, International Campus (TUMS- IC), Tehran, Iran; Halabja Technical Institute, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Kurdistan, Iraq.
| | - Mohammad Javad Hosseinzadeh-Attar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Science, International Campus (TUMS- IC), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Belal A Muhammad
- Halabja Technical Institute, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Kurdistan, Iraq.
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abdel Hamid El Bilbeisi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Science, International Campus (TUMS- IC), Tehran, Iran.
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Casas R, Estruch R, Sacanella E. Influence of Bioactive Nutrients on the Atherosclerotic Process: A Review. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1630. [PMID: 30400153 PMCID: PMC6266892 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective effects of a dietary intervention as a useful tool in the prevention of atherosclerosis disease has gained greater attention in recent years. Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated the importance of diet in reducing expensive treatments or possible undesirable side effects. The main aim of this review is to examine the effects of specific nutrients on the development and progression of atherosclerosis in patients with cardiovascular disease. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the cardioprotective effect of different nutrients. In this sense, results have shown stabilization of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques or downregulation of biomarkers related to inflammation through nutrients such as Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, hydroxytyrosol of extra virgin olive oil, lycopen, phytosterols of plants, or flavonols of fruits and vegetables, among others. The accumulated evidence on the anti-inflammatory effects related to these nutrients is summarized in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Casas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Emilio Sacanella
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitamin D deficiency is common, world-wide, but vitamin D repletion throughout life, and into older age, has accepted health benefits for bone. Many mechanisms through which vitamin D also benefits soft tissues are understood, and clinical evidence of such benefits is now accumulating, especially following re-analyses of trial data, which are revealing previously missed health benefits with correction of deficiency. AREAS COVERED The sources of vitamin D, its activation, mechanistic effects; problems of trials of supplementation for reducing health risks, the benefits shown for mortality, cardiovascular disease, infection and cancer; the global problem of vitamin D deficiency; age-related reductions in vitamin D efficacy, and currently recommended intakes. EXPERT COMMENTARY High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency worldwide have proven ill-effects on health. Governmental efforts to improve population repletion by recommending minimal daily intakes does benefit some but is not effective at the population-level. However, food fortification with vitamin D3, already implemented in some countries, can solve this highly avoidable problem cost-effectively and is probably the best way to abolish vitamin D inadequacy, allowing public health benefits to emerge over time, thereby allowing future research on vitamin D to be directed at emerging issues on vitamin D.
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Longitudinal analysis of biomarker data from a personalized nutrition platform in healthy subjects. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14685. [PMID: 30279436 PMCID: PMC6168584 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The trend toward personalized approaches to health and medicine has resulted in a need to collect high-dimensional datasets on individuals from a wide variety of populations, in order to generate customized intervention strategies. However, it is not always clear whether insights derived from studies in patient populations or in controlled trial settings are transferable to individuals in the general population. To address this issue, a longitudinal analysis was conducted on blood biomarker data from 1032 generally healthy individuals who used an automated, web-based personalized nutrition and lifestyle platform. The study had two main aims: to analyze correlations between biomarkers for biological insights, and to characterize the effectiveness of the platform in improving biomarker levels. First, a biomarker correlation network was constructed to generate biological hypotheses that are relevant to researchers and, potentially, to users of personalized wellness tools. The correlation network revealed expected patterns, such as the established relationships between blood lipid levels, as well as novel insights, such as a connection between neutrophil and triglyceride concentrations that has been suggested as a relevant indicator of cardiovascular risk. Next, biomarker changes during platform use were assessed, showing a trend toward normalcy for most biomarkers in those participants whose values were out of the clinically normal range at baseline. Finally, associations were found between the selection of specific interventions and corresponding biomarker changes, suggesting directions for future study.
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Karefylakis C, Särnblad S, Ariander A, Ehlersson G, Rask E, Rask P. Effect of Vitamin D supplementation on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight men-a randomized controlled trial. Endocrine 2018; 61:388-397. [PMID: 29978375 PMCID: PMC6105237 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1665-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Several observational studies have shown an association between vitamin D deficiency and non-skeletal major health issues including impaired cardiorespiratory fitness and adiposity. Only a few studies have examined the impact of vitamin D supplementation on these conditions and the results are ambiguous. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight/obese men with vitamin D deficiency. METHODS This study was a prospective, placebo controlled, double blinded, randomized trial with a study period of 6 months. Forty overweight/obese men (BMI > 25 kg/m2) with vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D ≤ 55 nmol/L) were randomized to receive either 2000 IU Cholecalciferol drops or the equivalent amount of drops of placebo. At baseline and follow up body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness were measured and blood samples were obtained. Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and cardiorespiratory fitness using cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). The primary outcomes were changes in percentage body fat and in maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max). RESULTS No statistically significant difference between the placebo and the intervention group regarding changes in percentage body fat (p = 0.54) and VO2max (p = 0.90) was observed. Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups concerning changes in BMI (p = 0.26), maximum load (p = 0.89) and oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold (AT) (p = 0.14). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that treatment with 2000 IU/d vitamin D for 6 months does not impact body composition or maximum oxygen uptake in overweight/obese men with vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Karefylakis
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE 70182, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Stefan Särnblad
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE 70182, Örebro, Sweden
| | | | - Gustaf Ehlersson
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE 70182, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Eva Rask
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE 70182, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Peter Rask
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Örebro University Hospital, SE 70185, Örebro, Sweden
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Rokni H, Moohebati M, Saberi-Karimian M, Mirhafez SR, Ghazizadeh H, Laal-Vazifeh A, Shekari M, Movahhedianfar F, Mazidi M, Bonakdaran S, Ferns GA, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. A study of difference in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in patients with angiographically-defined coronary disease and healthy subjects. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2018; 12:683-687. [PMID: 29680517 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most important causes of death in developing countries. The current study evaluates the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), phosphate and calcium levels in patients with angiographically-defined coronary artery disease (CAD) and healthy subjects in a sample population in northeastern Iran. METHODS There were 566 subjects aged between 20-80 years out of whom283 subjects with CAD were divided into two study groups based on their angiogram results; those with > 50% stenosis of one or more coronary arteries and those with ≤ 50% stenosis. Serum 25OHD levels and anthropometric parameters were measured for all subjects. RESULTS There were approximately 53% (n = 303) males and 47% (n = 269) females in the population sample. We found that crude serum 25OHD concentrations were significantly higher in both the Angio- (21.6 ± 11.8 ng/ml) and Angio+ (21.3 ± 10.2 ng/ml) groups compared to the control subjects (16.4 ± 9.5 ng/ml) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The findings show that 25OHD state could be a risk factor for CAD, although this would need to be explored further, taking the potential confounding effects of diet into account in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleh Rokni
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moohebati
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Saberi-Karimian
- Student Research Committee, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Mirhafez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran; Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamideh Ghazizadeh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Atieh Laal-Vazifeh
- Student Research Committee, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Shekari
- Student Research Committee, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faezeh Movahhedianfar
- Student Research Committee, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Bonakdaran
- Endocrine Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Hyppönen E, Boucher BJ. Adiposity, vitamin D requirements, and clinical implications for obesity-related metabolic abnormalities. Nutr Rev 2018; 76:678-692. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuy034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elina Hyppönen
- Australian Centre for Population Health Research, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Barbara J Boucher
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Nikolova M, Boyanov M, Tsakova A. CORRELATIONS OF SERUM VITAMIN D WITH METABOLIC PARAMETERS IN ADULT OUTPATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT DEGREES OF OVERWEIGHT / OBESITY COMING FROM AN URBAN COMMUNITY. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUCHAREST, ROMANIA : 2005) 2018; 14:375-383. [PMID: 31149286 PMCID: PMC6525776 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2018.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the correlations between serum 25(OH) vitamin D and anthropometric and metabolic parameters in adult outpatients of both sexes with different BMI coming from an urban community. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 264 subjects referred for obesity assessment participated - 109 men and 155 women (20-60 years). Body weight and height, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure were recorded. Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance (BIA) on a Tanita BC 420 MA analyzer (Tanita Inc., Japan). Serum 25(OH)D Total, Insulin, High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, blood glucose, total, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were measured. The insulin resistance index was calculated (HOMA-IR). Participants with BMI>25.0 kg/m2 underwent standard 75 g OGTT. Statistical analysis was performed on an IBM SPSS Statistics 19.0 for Windows platform (Chicago, IL). RESULTS Normal weight was found in 27.2 % of the participants, 24.6 % had overweight, 29.2 % -class I obesity, and 18.9 % - class II or III. Vitamin D was weakly and inversely correlated to different variables in the whole group - such as weight, WC, WC/Height, % body fat and HOMA-IR index (r=-0.231, -0.283, -0.307, -0.339, -0.328 respectively, all p<0.001). Building subgroups based on BMI led to loss of significance. Backward analysis revealed Total-C/LDL-C ratio, and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio as strongest predictors of serum vitamin D (p=0.001; R2=0.204). CONCLUSION The association of vitamin D with blood pressure, plasma lipids, glucose and insulin is very weak on an individual level. However, several obesity indices (WC, WC/height ratio, % Body fat from BIA) might be used as a screening tool for subjects at risk for vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.G. Nikolova
- Sofia Medicine University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hygiene, Medical Ecology and Nutrition, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - M.A. Boyanov
- Sofia Medicine University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Sofia Medicine University, Faculty of Medicine, Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - A.D. Tsakova
- Sofia Medicine University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory and Clinical Immunology, “Aleksandrovska” University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Sofia Medicine University, Faculty of Medicine, Central Clinical Laboratory, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Sethuraman U, Zidan MA, Hanks L, Bagheri M, Ashraf A. Impact of vitamin D treatment on 25 hydroxy vitamin D levels and insulin homeostasis in obese African American adolescents in a randomized trial. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2018; 12:13-19. [PMID: 29892562 PMCID: PMC5992309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is affecting children in epidemic proportions in the United States with nearly 25% of children being obese. Consequences of obesity including dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease are leading to morbidity at younger ages. Parallel to the obesity and diabetes epidemics, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency has reached very high levels and has been associated with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Studies exploring the impact of vitamin D repletion on insulin sensitivity and dyslipidemia in children are sparse.The aim of this study was to determine the impact of treatment with vitamin D (ergocalciferol) in obese African American (AA) children on vitamin D levels and insulin secretion and sensitivity. METHODS This pilot study was conducted in a tertiary care Pediatric Emergency Department (ED). African American obese children (n = 29; 22 female) 13-17 y, with 25-hydroxy vitamin D level [25(OH)D] <20 ng/ml, were randomized to receive either 50,000 IU vitamin D2/week or a placebo for 12 weeks. Pre- and post- oral glucose tolerance testing with glucose and insulin levels drawn at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min were performed. Pre/post intervention lipid profiles and calcium levels were also evaluated. RESULTS There was no difference in serum 25(OH)D between groups at baseline. Follow-up 25(OH)D level was greater in the treatment vs. placebo group, and significantly increased from baseline in the treatment group only. However, there was no difference between groups in baseline vs. follow-up insulin- or lipid-related parameters. Follow-up serum 25(OH)D was positively correlated with fasting insulin and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level in the vitamin D treated group only. CONCLUSION While serum 25(OH)D levels in obese AA teens increased adequately with vitamin treatment for 12 weeks and correlated with fasting insulin, it did not significantly impact insulin secretion or sensitivity. Larger studies are required over a longer period of time to confirm and explore the reasons for this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Sethuraman
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Carman & Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Blvd., Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Marwan A. Zidan
- Statistics Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lynae Hanks
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, 205-581-2133, United States
| | - Minoo Bagheri
- Ryals Building 230 J, Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States
| | - Ambika Ashraf
- Div. of Pediatric Endocrinology, CPP M30, 1601, 4th Ave S, Children’s Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States
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Sadeghi R, Eidi MR, Zamani N. Association of Serum Vitamin D Level and Serum Lipids Profile. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR PRACTICE 2018. [DOI: 10.21859/ijcp-03203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Vitamin D supplementation and lipoprotein metabolism: A randomized controlled trial. J Clin Lipidol 2018; 12:588-596.e4. [PMID: 29653812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2018.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an unfavorable lipid profile, but whether and how vitamin D supplementation affects lipid metabolism is unclear. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of vitamin D supplementation on lipid and lipoprotein parameters. METHODS This is a post hoc analysis of the single-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled Styrian Vitamin D Hypertension Trial (2011-2014). Two hundred individuals with arterial hypertension and 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations of <75 nmol/L were randomized to 2800 IU of vitamin D daily or placebo for 8 weeks. RESULTS One hundred sixty-three participants (62.2 [53.1-68.4] years of age; 46% women) had available lipid data and were included in this analysis. Vitamin D supplementation significantly increased total cholesterol, triglycerides, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) triglycerides, apolipoprotein B (ApoB), LDL-ApoB, ApoCII, ApoCIII, phospholipids, and ApoE (P < .05 for all). Except for ApoCII and ApoCIII and HDL-triglycerides, all other treatment effects remained statistically significant after adjustment for multiple testing with the Benjamini and Hochberg false discovery rate method. There was a nonsignificant increase in LDL cholesterol. Furthermore, no significant effects were seen on free fatty acids, lipoprotein (a), ApoAI, ApoAII, VLDL cholesterol, VLDL-ApoB, HDL cholesterol, LDL diameter, and VLDL diameter. CONCLUSIONS The effects of vitamin D on lipid metabolism are potentially unfavorable. They require further investigation in view of the wide use of vitamin D testing and treatment.
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