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Cignarella A, Bolego C, Barton M. Sex and sex steroids as determinants of cardiovascular risk. Steroids 2024; 206:109423. [PMID: 38631602 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
There are considerable sex differences regarding the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke, as well as chronic renal disease. Women are largely protected from these conditions prior to menopause, and the risk increases following cessation of endogenous estrogen production or after surgical menopause. Cardiovascular diseases in women generally begin to occur at a later age than in men (on average with a delay of 10 years). Cessation of estrogen production also impacts metabolism, increasing the risk of developing obesity and diabetes. In middle-aged individuals, hypertension develops earlier and faster in women than in men, and smoking increases cardiovascular risk to a greater degree in women than it does in men. It is not only estrogen that affects female cardiovascular health and plays a protective role until menopause: other sex hormones such as progesterone and androgen hormones generate a complex balance that differentiates heart and blood vessel function in women compared to men. Estrogens improve vasodilation of epicardial coronary arteries and the coronary microvasculature by augmenting the release of vasodilating factors such as nitric oxide and prostacyclin, which are mechanisms of coronary vasodilatation that are more pronounced in women compared to men. Estrogens are also powerful inhibitors of inflammation, which in part explains their protective effects on CVD and chronic renal disease. Emerging evidence suggests that sex chromosomes also play a significant role in shaping cardiovascular risk. The cardiovascular protection conferred by endogenous estrogens may be extended by hormone therapy, especially using bioidentical hormones and starting treatment early after menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Bolego
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Matthias Barton
- Molecular Internal Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Andreas Grüntzig Foundation, Zürich, Switzerland.
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2
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Zhao J, Wang Q, Tan AF, Loh CJL, Toh HC. Sex differences in cancer and immunotherapy outcomes: the role of androgen receptor. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1416941. [PMID: 38863718 PMCID: PMC11165033 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1416941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Across the wide range of clinical conditions, there exists a sex imbalance where biological females are more prone to autoimmune diseases and males to some cancers. These discrepancies are the combinatory consequence of lifestyle and environmental factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and oncogenic viruses, as well as other intrinsic biological traits including sex chromosomes and sex hormones. While the emergence of immuno-oncology (I/O) has revolutionised cancer care, the efficacy across multiple cancers may be limited because of a complex, dynamic interplay between the tumour and its microenvironment (TME). Indeed, sex and gender can also influence the varying effectiveness of I/O. Androgen receptor (AR) plays an important role in tumorigenesis and in shaping the TME. Here, we lay out the epidemiological context of sex disparity in cancer and then review the current literature on how AR signalling contributes to such observation via altered tumour development and immunology. We offer insights into AR-mediated immunosuppressive mechanisms, with the hope of translating preclinical and clinical evidence in gender oncology into improved outcomes in personalised, I/O-based cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhe Zhao
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qian Wang
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medical Oncology Cancer Hospital of China Medical University/Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | | | - Celestine Jia Ling Loh
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han Chong Toh
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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3
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Feier CVI, Muntean C, Faur AM, Vonica RC, Blidari AR, Murariu MS, Olariu S. An Exploratory Assessment of Pre-Treatment Inflammatory Profiles in Gastric Cancer Patients. Diseases 2024; 12:78. [PMID: 38667536 PMCID: PMC11048996 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12040078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer ranks as the fifth most common cancer, and the assessment of inflammatory biomarkers in these patients holds significant promise in predicting prognosis. Therefore, data from patients undergoing surgical intervention for gastric cancer over a 7-year period were analyzed. This study was retrospective and involved a preoperative investigation of six inflammatory parameters derived from complete blood counts. Statistical analysis revealed a significant increase in the leucocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) (p = 0.048), along with a significant decrease in the number of lymphocytes and monocytes compared to patients with successful discharge. Taking into consideration patients undergoing emergency surgery, a significant increase in the LMR (p = 0.009), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (p = 0.004), Aggregate Index of Systemic Inflammation (AISI) (p = 0.01), and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) (p = 0.028) was observed. Regarding relapse, these patients exhibited significant increases in AISI (p = 0.032) and SII (p = 0.047). Inflammatory biomarkers represent a valuable tool in evaluating and predicting the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalin Vladut Ionut Feier
- First Discipline of Surgery, Department X-Surgery, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.V.I.F.); (M.-S.M.); (S.O.)
- First Surgery Clinic, “Pius Brinzeu” Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Calin Muntean
- Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Department III-Functional Sciences, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alaviana Monique Faur
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Razvan Constantin Vonica
- Preclinical Department, Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Andiana Roxana Blidari
- Oncology, Department IX-Surgery, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Marius-Sorin Murariu
- First Discipline of Surgery, Department X-Surgery, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.V.I.F.); (M.-S.M.); (S.O.)
- First Surgery Clinic, “Pius Brinzeu” Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sorin Olariu
- First Discipline of Surgery, Department X-Surgery, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.V.I.F.); (M.-S.M.); (S.O.)
- First Surgery Clinic, “Pius Brinzeu” Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
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4
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Wright ME, Murphy K. A mini-review of the evidence for cerebrovascular changes following gender-affirming hormone replacement therapy and a call for increased focus on cerebrovascular transgender health. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1303871. [PMID: 38077183 PMCID: PMC10702528 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1303871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gender-affirming hormone replacement therapy (gaHRT) is an important step for many in the gender diverse community, associated with increased quality-of-life and lower self-reported scores of depression and anxiety. However, considering the interactions that the involved sex hormones have on vasculature (with oestrogen and testosterone demonstrating vasodilatory and vasoconstricting properties, respectively), it is important for transgender healthcare research to examine how the manipulation of these hormones interact with cerebrovascular structure and functioning. There is a stark lack of research in this area. This mini-review outlines the research suggesting a vascular impact of these sex hormones using evidence from a range of cohorts (e.g., menopause, polycystic ovary syndrome) and discusses the work that has been done into cerebrovascular changes following gaHRT. Finally, recommendations for future research into cerebrovascular health in transgender cohorts following gaHRT are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Emily Wright
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Narkar VA. Exercise and Ischemia-Activated Pathways in Limb Muscle Angiogenesis and Vascular Regeneration. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2023; 19:58-68. [PMID: 38028974 PMCID: PMC10655757 DOI: 10.14797/mdcvj.1304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise has a profound effect on cardiovascular disease, particularly through vascular remodeling and regeneration. Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is one such cardiovascular condition that benefits from regular exercise or rehabilitative physical therapy in terms of slowing the progression of disease and delaying amputations. Various rodent pre-clinical studies using models of PAD and exercise have shed light on molecular pathways of vascular regeneration. Here, I review key exercise-activated signaling pathways (nuclear receptors, kinases, and hypoxia inducible factors) in the skeletal muscle that drive paracrine regenerative angiogenesis. The rationale for highlighting the skeletal muscle is that it is the largest organ recruited during exercise. During exercise, skeletal muscle releases several myokines, including angiogenic factors and cytokines that drive tissue vascular regeneration via activation of endothelial cells, as well as by recruiting immune and endothelial progenitor cells. Some of these core exercise-activated pathways can be extrapolated to vascular regeneration in other organs. I also highlight future areas of exercise research (including metabolomics, single cell transcriptomics, and extracellular vesicle biology) to advance our understanding of how exercise induces vascular regeneration at the molecular level, and propose the idea of "exercise-mimicking" therapeutics for vascular recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vihang A. Narkar
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, Texas, US
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Kumar A, Narkar VA. Nuclear receptors as potential therapeutic targets in peripheral arterial disease and related myopathy. FEBS J 2023; 290:4596-4613. [PMID: 35942640 PMCID: PMC9908775 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a prevalent cardiovascular complication of limb vascular insufficiency, causing ischemic injury, mitochondrial metabolic damage and functional impairment in the skeletal muscle, and ultimately leading to immobility and mortality. While potential therapies have been mostly focussed on revascularization, none of the currently available pharmacological treatments are fully effective in PAD, often leading to amputations, particularly in chronic metabolic diseases. One major limitation of focussed angiogenesis and revascularization as a therapeutic strategy is a limited effect on metabolic restoration and muscle regeneration in the affected limb. Therefore, additional preclinical investigations are needed to discover novel treatment options for PAD preferably targeting multiple aspects of muscle recovery. In this review, we propose nuclear receptors expressed in the skeletal muscle as potential candidates for ischemic muscle repair in PAD. We review classic steroid and orphan receptors that have been reported to be involved in the regulation of paracrine muscle angiogenesis, oxidative metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis and muscle regeneration, and discuss how these receptors could be critical for recovery from ischemic muscle damage. Furthermore, we identify existing gaps in our understanding of nuclear receptor signalling in the skeletal muscle and propose future areas of research that could be instrumental in exploring nuclear receptors as therapeutic candidates for treating PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204
| | - Vihang A. Narkar
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030
- University of Texas MD Anderson and UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030
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7
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Thapa S, Elhadidy S, Asakura A. Vascular therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Fac Rev 2023; 12:3. [PMID: 36873982 PMCID: PMC9979239 DOI: 10.12703/r/12-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive disease characterized by the wasting of the muscles that eventually lead to difficulty moving and, ultimately, premature death from heart and respiratory complications. DMD deficiency is caused by mutations in the gene encoding dystrophin, which prevents skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and other cells from producing the functional protein. Located on the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, dystrophin serves as a component of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex (DGC), mechanically reinforces the sarcolemma, and stabilizes the DGC, preventing it from contraction-mediated muscle degradation. In DMD muscle, dystrophin deficiency leads to progressive fibrosis, myofiber damage, chronic inflammation, and dysfunction of the mitochondria and muscle stem cells. Currently, DMD is incurable, and treatment involves the administration of glucocorticoids in order to delay disease progression. In the presence of developmental delay, proximal weakness, and elevated serum creatine kinase levels, a definitive diagnosis can usually be made after an extensive review of the patient's history and physical examination, as well as confirmation through muscle biopsy or genetic testing. Current standards of care include the use of corticosteroids to prolong ambulation and delay the onset of secondary complications, including respiratory muscle and cardiac functions. However, different studies have been carried out to show the relationship between vascular density and impaired angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of DMD. Several recent studies on DMD management are vascular targeted and focused on ischemia as a culprit for the pathogenesis of DMD. This review critically discusses approaches-such as modulation of nitric oxide (NO) or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-related pathways-to attenuate the dystrophic phenotype and enhance angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangharsha Thapa
- Stem Cell Institute, Paul & Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, MN, USA
| | - Shaymaa Elhadidy
- Stem Cell Institute, Paul & Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, MN, USA
| | - Atsushi Asakura
- Stem Cell Institute, Paul & Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, MN, USA
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Guo C, Sun Y, Zhai W, Yao X, Gong D, You B, Huang CP, Zheng J, Chang C. Hypoxia increases RCC stem cell phenotype via altering the androgen receptor (AR)-lncTCFL5-2-YBX1-SOX2 signaling axis. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:185. [PMID: 36397101 PMCID: PMC9670551 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00912-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early studies indicated that the androgen receptor (AR) could promote renal cell carcinoma (RCC) development and metastasis, but its linkage to RCC progression under hypoxia, remains unclear. Results Here we found AR expression in RCC cells decreased in response to hypoxia, which might then lead to increase the cancer stem cells (CSC) phenotype through the lncTCFL5-2-modulated YBX1/SOX2 signals. The consequences of such hypoxia-modulated AR/lncTCFL5-2/YBX1/SOX2 signals ablity to alter the CSC phenotype might render RCC cells more resistant to targeted therapy with Sunitinib. Mechanism dissection revealed that AR might alter the lncTCFL5-2/YBX1/SOX2 signaling through transcriptional suppression of the lncTCFL5-2 expression via the AR-response-elements (AREs) on the lncTCFL5-2 promoter. The lncTCFL5-2 interacts with YBX1 to increase its stability, which in turn increases SOX2 expression at a transcriptional level via the YBX1-response-elements (YBX1Es) on the SOX2 promoter. The in vivo mouse model with orthotopic xenografts of RCC cells also validates the in vitro data, and a human RCC sample survey demonstrated the clinical significance of the AR/lncTCFL5-2/YBX1/SOX2 signaling axis for the RCC prognosis, likely as a result of regulating CSC phenotypes. Conclusions Together, these findings suggest that hypoxia may increase the RCC CSC phenotype via altering the AR/lncTCFL5-2/YBX1/SOX2 signaling axis and a potential therapy to target this newly identified signal perhaps may help improve the targeted therapy with Sunitinib to better suppress RCC progression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00912-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changcheng Guo
- grid.412538.90000 0004 0527 0050Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072 China ,grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Yin Sun
- grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Wei Zhai
- grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA ,grid.415869.7Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 400062 China
| | - Xudong Yao
- grid.412538.90000 0004 0527 0050Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Dongkui Gong
- grid.412538.90000 0004 0527 0050Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072 China ,grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Bosen You
- grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Chi-Ping Huang
- grid.411508.90000 0004 0572 9415Department of Urology, China Medical University/Hospital, Taichung, 404 Taiwan
| | - Junhua Zheng
- grid.415869.7Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 400062 China
| | - Chawnshang Chang
- grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA ,grid.411508.90000 0004 0572 9415Department of Urology, China Medical University/Hospital, Taichung, 404 Taiwan
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Karimzadeh M, Hoffman MM. Virtual ChIP-seq: predicting transcription factor binding by learning from the transcriptome. Genome Biol 2022; 23:126. [PMID: 35681170 PMCID: PMC9185870 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-022-02690-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing methods for computational prediction of transcription factor (TF) binding sites evaluate genomic regions with similarity to known TF sequence preferences. Most TF binding sites, however, do not resemble known TF sequence motifs, and many TFs are not sequence-specific. We developed Virtual ChIP-seq, which predicts binding of individual TFs in new cell types, integrating learned associations with gene expression and binding, TF binding sites from other cell types, and chromatin accessibility data in the new cell type. This approach outperforms methods that predict TF binding solely based on sequence preference, predicting binding for 36 TFs (MCC>0.3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Karimzadeh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Vector Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael M Hoffman
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Vector Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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10
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Huang G, Yao Q, Ye Z, Huang Y, Zhang C, Jiang Y, Xi X. Gender Differential Expression of AR/miR-21 Signaling Axis and Its Protective Effect on Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:861327. [PMID: 35573679 PMCID: PMC9095916 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.861327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate gender differences after renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice and the effects of androgen receptor (AR) and microRNA-21 (miR-21) on apoptosis in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods: Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury model was induced by 45 min of bilateral renal artery ischemia and reperfusion. BALB/c mice were randomly divided into groups according to different experimental protocols. The levels of renal function were evaluated by serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. TUNEL staining was used to analyze the pathological changes and apoptosis levels of renal tissue, and western blotting and qPCR were used to detect the expressions of miR-21, AR, PDCD4 and caspase3. Results: After renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice with different genders, the levels of plasma urea nitrogen and creatinine in female and male mice increased, the histopathological score increased, and TUNEL staining in renal tissue indicated increased apoptosis. The expressions of miR-21, PDCD4, and active caspase-3 protein were up-regulated. The above trend was more pronounced in male mice, and a significant decrease in AR mRNA expression was detected. Silencing the expression of AR aggravated the decline of renal function and renal tubular injury after renal ischemia in mice. The expression of PDCD4 and active caspase-3 increased, while the level of miR-21 was correspondingly decreased. Up-regulation of miR-21 expression by pre-miR-21 could negatively regulate PDCD4, reduce the expression level of active caspase3, and yet induce AR expression accordingly. MiR-21 alleviated renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis. The effect of antagomiR-21 was the opposite, which aggravated renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Conclusion: There are gender differences in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Male mice are more susceptible to renal ischemia-reperfusion injury than female. Silencing AR expression or down-regulating the level of miR-21 can promote the expression of PDCD4 and apoptosis protein caspase3, thereby aggravating ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. The protective effect of AR and miR-21 in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury has a certain synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoqing Xi
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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11
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Blažević A, Iyer AM, van Velthuysen MLF, Hofland J, Oudijk L, de Herder WW, Hofland LJ, Feelders RA. Sexual Dimorphism in Small-intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors: Lower Prevalence of Mesenteric Disease in Premenopausal Women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e1969-e1975. [PMID: 34999838 PMCID: PMC9016466 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Small-intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs) have a modest but significantly higher prevalence and worse prognosis in male patients. OBJECTIVE This work aims to increase understanding of this sexual dimorphism in SI-NETs. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospectively, SI-NET patients treated in a single tertiary center were included and analyzed for disease characteristics. Estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) and 2 (ESR2), progesterone receptor (PGR), and androgen receptor (AR) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was assessed in primary tumors and healthy intestine. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and AR protein expression were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in primary tumors and mesenteric metastases. RESULTS Of the 559 patients, 47% were female. Mesenteric metastasis/fibrosis was more prevalent in men (71% / 46%) than women (58% / 37%; P = 0.001 and P = 0.027, respectively). In women, prevalence of mesenteric metastases increased gradually with age from 41.1% in women <50 years to 71.7% in women >70 years. Increased expression of ESR1 and AR mRNA was observed in primary tumors compared to healthy intestine (both P < 0.001). ERα staining was observed in tumor cells and stroma with a strong correlation between tumor cells of primary tumors and mesenteric metastases (rho = 0.831, P = 0.02), but not in stroma (rho = -0.037, P = 0.91). AR expression was only found in stroma. CONCLUSION Sexual dimorphism in SI-NETs was most pronounced in mesenteric disease, and the risk of mesenteric metastasis in women increased around menopause. The combination of increased ERα and AR expression in the SI-NET microenvironment suggests a modulating role of sex steroids in the development of the characteristic SI-NET mesenteric metastasis and associated fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anela Blažević
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Correspondence: Anela Blazevic, Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail:
| | - Anand M Iyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Johannes Hofland
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lindsey Oudijk
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter W de Herder
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leo J Hofland
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Richard A Feelders
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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12
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Converse A, Thomas P. Androgens promote vascular endothelial cell proliferation through activation of a ZIP9-dependent inhibitory G protein/PI3K-Akt/Erk/cyclin D1 pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 538:111461. [PMID: 34555425 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
While androgens have been reported to mediate cardiovascular endothelial cell proliferation, the potential involvement of membrane androgen receptors (mAR) has not been examined. Here we show ZIP9, a recently characterized mAR, mediates androgen-induced early proliferative events in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Androgen treatment significantly increased cyclin D1 nuclear localization and proliferation, which were blocked by transfection with siRNA targeting ZIP9 but not the nuclear AR. Testosterone rapidly activated inhibitory G protein signaling, Erk, and Akt, and inhibition of these signaling members abrogated the ZIP9-mediated cyclin D1 and proliferative responses. Erk and Akt modulated cyclin D1 nuclear localization by upregulation of cyclin D1 mRNA and inhibition of GSK-3β activity, respectively. This is the first study to demonstrate a role for ZIP9 in HUVEC proliferation and indicates ZIP9 is a physiologically-relevant androgen receptor in the cardiovascular system that merits further study as a potential therapeutic target for treating cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey Converse
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, USA.
| | - Peter Thomas
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, USA
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Katagiri K, Shiga K, Ikeda A, Saito D, Oikawa SI, Tsuchida K, Miyaguchi J, Kusaka T, Tamura A, Nakayama M, Izumisawa M, Yoshida K, Ogasawara K, Takahashi F. The Influence of Young Age on Difficulties in the Surgical Resection of Carotid Body Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184565. [PMID: 34572792 PMCID: PMC8465132 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of this study was to reveal the factors affecting the complexity and difficulties in performing surgery to resect carotid body tumors (CBTs). We analyzed 20 patients with 21 CBTs. We used the “same day surgery” procedure, including preoperative embolization of the feeding arteries in the morning and resection surgery in the afternoon of the same day. Four patients underwent resection of the carotid artery, followed by reconstruction. These four patients were between 18 to 23 years of age at the time of surgery. The mean blood loss and operative time in these patients differed significantly from those in older patients. These results indicated that young age may influence the difficulties faced in CBT surgery, resulting in an increased risk of carotid artery resection. The results obtained from our study could help surgeons safely and effectively perform resection surgery for CBTs. Abstract This study evaluated patient characteristics that affect the complexity and difficulties of performing surgery to resect carotid body tumors (CBTs). We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 20 patients with 21 CBTs who were enrolled in the study. The median patient age was 46 years and the mean tumor diameter was 37.6 mm. The mean blood loss and operative time were 40.3 mL and 183 min, respectively. Four patients underwent resection of the carotid artery followed by reconstruction. These four patients were between 18 to 23 years of age at the time of surgery. The mean blood loss and operative time in these patients were 166 mL and 394 min, respectively, which differed significantly from those of older patients. Therefore, young age influenced the difficulties faced in surgical resection of CBT, with an increased risk of blood loss and carotid artery resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartsunori Katagiri
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Yahaba, Morioka 028-3695, Iwate, Japan; (K.K.); (A.I.); (D.S.); (S.-i.O.); (K.T.); (J.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Kiyoto Shiga
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Yahaba, Morioka 028-3695, Iwate, Japan; (K.K.); (A.I.); (D.S.); (S.-i.O.); (K.T.); (J.M.); (T.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-19-613-7111
| | - Aya Ikeda
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Yahaba, Morioka 028-3695, Iwate, Japan; (K.K.); (A.I.); (D.S.); (S.-i.O.); (K.T.); (J.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Daisuke Saito
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Yahaba, Morioka 028-3695, Iwate, Japan; (K.K.); (A.I.); (D.S.); (S.-i.O.); (K.T.); (J.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Shin-ichi Oikawa
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Yahaba, Morioka 028-3695, Iwate, Japan; (K.K.); (A.I.); (D.S.); (S.-i.O.); (K.T.); (J.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Kodai Tsuchida
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Yahaba, Morioka 028-3695, Iwate, Japan; (K.K.); (A.I.); (D.S.); (S.-i.O.); (K.T.); (J.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Jun Miyaguchi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Yahaba, Morioka 028-3695, Iwate, Japan; (K.K.); (A.I.); (D.S.); (S.-i.O.); (K.T.); (J.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Takahiro Kusaka
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Yahaba, Morioka 028-3695, Iwate, Japan; (K.K.); (A.I.); (D.S.); (S.-i.O.); (K.T.); (J.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Akio Tamura
- Department of Radiology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Yahaba, Morioka 028-3695, Iwate, Japan; (A.T.); (M.N.); (M.I.)
| | - Manabu Nakayama
- Department of Radiology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Yahaba, Morioka 028-3695, Iwate, Japan; (A.T.); (M.N.); (M.I.)
| | - Mitsuru Izumisawa
- Department of Radiology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Yahaba, Morioka 028-3695, Iwate, Japan; (A.T.); (M.N.); (M.I.)
| | - Kenji Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Yahaba, Morioka 028-3695, Iwate, Japan; (K.Y.); (K.O.)
| | - Kuniaki Ogasawara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Yahaba, Morioka 028-3695, Iwate, Japan; (K.Y.); (K.O.)
| | - Fumiaki Takahashi
- Division of Medical Engineering, Department of Information Science, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Yahaba, Morioka 028-3695, Iwate, Japan;
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14
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Sopariwala DH, Likhite N, Pei G, Haroon F, Lin L, Yadav V, Zhao Z, Narkar VA. Estrogen-related receptor α is involved in angiogenesis and skeletal muscle revascularization in hindlimb ischemia. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21480. [PMID: 33788962 PMCID: PMC11135633 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001794rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle ischemia is a major consequence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) or critical limb ischemia (CLI). Although therapeutic options for resolving muscle ischemia in PAD/CLI are limited, the issue is compounded by poor understanding of the mechanisms driving muscle vascularization. We found that nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) expression is induced in murine skeletal muscle by hindlimb ischemia (HLI), and in cultured myotubes by hypoxia, suggesting a potential role for ERRα in ischemic response. To test this, we generated skeletal muscle-specific ERRα transgenic (TG) mice. In these mice, ERRα drives myofiber type switch from glycolytic type IIB to oxidative type IIA/IIX myofibers, which are typically associated with more vascular supply in muscle. Indeed, RNA sequencing and functional enrichment analysis of TG muscle revealed that "paracrine angiogenesis" is the top-ranked transcriptional program activated by ERRα in the skeletal muscle. Immunohistochemistry and angiography showed that ERRα overexpression increases baseline capillarity, arterioles and non-leaky blood vessel formation in the skeletal muscles. Moreover, ERRα overexpression facilitates ischemic neo-angiogenesis and perfusion recovery in hindlimb musculature of mice subjected to HLI. Therefore, ERRα is a hypoxia inducible nuclear receptor that is involved in skeletal muscle angiogenesis and could be potentially targeted for treating PAD/CLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danesh H. Sopariwala
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Neah Likhite
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gungsheng Pei
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fnu Haroon
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lisa Lin
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vikas Yadav
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
- Current address: Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vihang A. Narkar
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UTHealth, TX, USA
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15
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Özdemir BC. Androgen Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1270:169-183. [PMID: 33123999 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-47189-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The key function of mesenchymal/stromal androgen receptor (AR) signaling for prostate development has been well documented by tissue recombination experiments. Some studies have addressed the expression and function of AR in stromal cells in prostate cancer, yet our understanding of the role of stromal AR in other tissues beyond prostate is still insufficient.Genomic analysis has revealed that cellular responses to androgens differ between epithelial and stromal cells. AR in stromal cells seems not to act via classical AR transcription factors such as FOXA1 but rather depends on the JUN/AP1 complex. Stromal AR appears to have tumor-promoting and tumor-protective functions depending on tumor stage. Loss of AR signaling in fibroblasts has been detected already in premalignant lesions in the skin and prostate and has been associated with tumor induction in xenografts of skin cancer and aggressive disease features and poor patient prognosis in prostate cancer. Moreover, AR expression is found on virtually all tissue-infiltrating immune cells and plays critical roles in immune cell function. These findings suggest a potential deleterious impact of current androgen deprivation therapies which inhibit both epithelial and stromal AR, highlighting the need to develop tissue-specific AR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna C Özdemir
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland.
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16
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Male Sexual Health and Cardiovascular Disease. CURRENT SEXUAL HEALTH REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11930-020-00281-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Li H, Wei Z, Wang C, Chen W, He Y, Zhang C. Gender Differences in Gastric Cancer Survival: 99,922 Cases Based on the SEER Database. J Gastrointest Surg 2020; 24:1747-1757. [PMID: 31346960 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-019-04304-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate gender differences in initial presentation, pathology and outcomes with GC (GC). METHODS The 1973-2013 Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) 17-registry database was analysed for renal tumours from 1973 to 2013 coded as primary site "stomach". After various exclusions, a final study group of 99,922 cases with complete data was obtained. Demographic variables analysed included age, sex, marital status and race. Tumour variables included size, stage at diagnosis, grade, primary site, treatment and histology. Primary outcome variables included overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). RESULTS Overall, 96,501 gastric cancer patients were identified. Of those, 34,862 (36.2%) were women. For woman, log-rank test showed that OS and CSS were significantly longer in man (p < 0.0001). In Cox regression analysis, woman was associated with a significantly improved OS [(HR of death in 1973 to 2003 = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.85-0.89, P < 0.001) (HR of death in 2004 to 2013 = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.91-0.97, P < 0.001)] and cancer-specific survival [(HR of death in 1973 to 2003 = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.87-0.92, P < 0.001) (HR of death in 2004 to 2013 = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.87-0.93, P < 0.001)]. When performing a Kaplan-Meier curve analysis after propensity score matching, gender persisted to be a significant survival of woman for OS and CSS. CONCLUSIONS Men present with larger, higher stage, higher grade GC than women. OS and CSS are better in women, which is significantly different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafu Li
- Dermatovenerology Digestive Medicine Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 628, Zhenyuan Rd, Guangming (New) Dist., Shenzhen, China.,Department of Gastrointestinopancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhewei Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinopancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunming Wang
- Dermatovenerology Digestive Medicine Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 628, Zhenyuan Rd, Guangming (New) Dist., Shenzhen, China.,Department of Gastrointestinopancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinopancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong He
- Dermatovenerology Digestive Medicine Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 628, Zhenyuan Rd, Guangming (New) Dist., Shenzhen, China. .,Department of Gastrointestinopancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changhua Zhang
- Dermatovenerology Digestive Medicine Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 628, Zhenyuan Rd, Guangming (New) Dist., Shenzhen, China. .,Department of Gastrointestinopancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Abi-Ghanem C, Robison LS, Zuloaga KL. Androgens' effects on cerebrovascular function in health and disease. Biol Sex Differ 2020; 11:35. [PMID: 32605602 PMCID: PMC7328272 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-00309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgens affect the cerebral vasculature and may contribute to sex differences in cerebrovascular diseases. Men are at a greater risk for stroke and vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) compared to women throughout much of the lifespan. The cerebral vasculature is a target for direct androgen actions, as it expresses several sex steroid receptors and metabolizing enzymes. Androgens’ actions on the cerebral vasculature are complex, as they have been shown to have both protective and detrimental effects, depending on factors such as age, dose, and disease state. When administered chronically, androgens are shown to be pro-angiogenic, promote vasoconstriction, and influence blood-brain barrier permeability. In addition to these direct effects of androgens on the cerebral vasculature, androgens also influence other vascular risk factors that may contribute to sex differences in cerebrovascular diseases. In men, low androgen levels have been linked to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and obesity, which greatly increase the risk of stroke and VCID. Thus, a better understanding of androgens’ interactions with the cerebral vasculature under physiological and pathological conditions is of key importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charly Abi-Ghanem
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Lisa S Robison
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Kristen L Zuloaga
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
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19
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Lam YT, Hsu CJ, Simpson PJL, Dunn LL, Chow RW, Chan KH, Yong ASC, Yu Y, Sieveking DP, Lecce L, Yuan J, Celermajer DS, Wise SG, Ng MKC. Androgens Stimulate EPC-Mediated Neovascularization and Are Associated with Increased Coronary Collateralization. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5802765. [PMID: 32157309 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a key role in neovascularization and have been linked to improved cardiovascular outcomes. Although there is a well-established inverse relationship between androgen levels and cardiovascular mortality in men, the role of androgens in EPC function is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of androgens on 2 subpopulations of EPCs, early EPCs (EEPCs) and late outgrowth EPCs (OECs), and their relationships with coronary collateralization. Early EPCs and OECs were isolated from the peripheral blood of young healthy men and treated with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) with or without androgen receptor (AR) antagonist, hydroxyflutamide, in vitro. Dihydrotestosterone treatment enhanced AR-mediated proliferation, migration, and tubulogenesis of EEPCs and OECs in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, DHT augmented EPC sensitivity to extracellular stimulation by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) via increased surface VEGF receptor expression and AKT activation. In vivo, xenotransplantation of DHT pretreated human EPCs augmented blood flow recovery and angiogenesis in BALB/c nude male mice, compared to mice receiving untreated EPCs, following hindlimb ischemia. In particular, DHT pretreated human OECs exhibited higher reparative potential than EEPCs in augmenting postischemic blood flow recovery in mice. Furthermore, whole blood was collected from the coronary sinus of men with single vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) who underwent elective percutaneous intervention (n = 23). Coronary collateralization was assessed using the collateral flow index. Serum testosterone and EPC levels were measured. In men with CAD, circulating testosterone was positively associated with the extent of coronary collateralization and the levels of OECs. In conclusion, androgens enhance EPC function and promote neovascularization after ischemia in mice and are associated with coronary collateralization in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Ting Lam
- School of Medical Science, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Kim H Chan
- School of Medical Science, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andy S C Yong
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Young Yu
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Jun Yuan
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - David S Celermajer
- School of Medical Science, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Steven G Wise
- School of Medical Science, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Martin K C Ng
- School of Medical Science, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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20
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Fukuma N, Takimoto E, Ueda K, Liu P, Tajima M, Otsu Y, Kariya T, Harada M, Toko H, Koga K, Blanton RM, Karas RH, Komuro I. Estrogen Receptor-α Non-Nuclear Signaling Confers Cardioprotection and Is Essential to cGMP-PDE5 Inhibition Efficacy. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2020; 5:282-295. [PMID: 32215350 PMCID: PMC7091505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Using genetically engineered mice lacking estrogen receptor-α non-nuclear signaling, this study demonstrated that estrogen receptor-α non-nuclear signaling activated myocardial cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase G and conferred protection against cardiac remodeling induced by pressure overload. This pathway was indispensable to the therapeutic efficacy of cyclic guanosine monophosphate-phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition but not to that of soluble guanylate cyclase stimulation. These results might partially explain the equivocal results of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor efficacy and also provide the molecular basis for the advantage of using a soluble guanylate cyclase simulator as a new therapeutic option in post-menopausal women. This study also highlighted the need for female-specific therapeutic strategies for heart failure.
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Key Words
- E2, estradiol
- ECs, endothelial cells
- EDC, estrogen dendrimer conjugate
- ER, estrogen receptor
- LV, left ventricular
- NO, nitric oxide
- PDE5i, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor
- PKG, cGMP-dependent protein kinase G
- PaPE, pathway-preferential estrogen
- TAC, transverse aortic constriction
- VO2, oxygen consumption rate
- cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate
- cyclic GMP
- eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase
- estradiol
- heart failure
- non-nuclear signaling
- sGC stimulator
- sGC, soluble guanylate cyclase
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Fukuma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiki Takimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kazutaka Ueda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pangyen Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyu Tajima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Otsu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Kariya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mutsuo Harada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Toko
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Koga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robert M Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard H Karas
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Lagunin AA, Ivanov SM, Gloriozova TA, Pogodin PV, Filimonov DA, Kumar S, Goel RK. Combined network pharmacology and virtual reverse pharmacology approaches for identification of potential targets to treat vascular dementia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:257. [PMID: 31937840 PMCID: PMC6959222 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a major cause of disability and dependency among older people. If the lives of people with dementia are to be improved, research and its translation into druggable target are crucial. Ancient systems of healthcare (Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Sowa-Rigpa) have been used from centuries for the treatment vascular diseases and dementia. This traditional knowledge can be transformed into novel targets through robust interplay of network pharmacology (NetP) with reverse pharmacology (RevP), without ignoring cutting edge biomedical data. This work demonstrates interaction between recent and traditional data, and aimed at selection of most promising targets for guiding wet lab validations. PROTEOME, DisGeNE, DISEASES and DrugBank databases were used for selection of genes associated with pathogenesis and treatment of vascular dementia (VaD). The selection of new potential drug targets was made by methods of NetP (DIAMOnD algorithm, enrichment analysis of KEGG pathways and biological processes of Gene Ontology) and manual expert analysis. The structures of 1976 phytomolecules from the 573 Indian medicinal plants traditionally used for the treatment of dementia and vascular diseases were used for computational estimation of their interactions with new predicted VaD-related drug targets by RevP approach based on PASS (Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances) software. We found 147 known genes associated with vascular dementia based on the analysis of the databases with gene-disease associations. Six hundred novel targets were selected by NetP methods based on 147 gene associations. The analysis of the predicted interactions between 1976 phytomolecules and 600 NetP predicted targets leaded to the selection of 10 potential drug targets for the treatment of VaD. The translational value of these targets is discussed herewith. Twenty four drugs interacting with 10 selected targets were identified from DrugBank. These drugs have not been yet studied for the treatment of VaD and may be investigated in this field for their repositioning. The relation between inhibition of two selected targets (GSK-3, PTP1B) and the treatment of VaD was confirmed by the experimental studies on animals and reported separately in our recent publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Lagunin
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Department of Bioinformatics, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Bioinformatics, Moscow, 119121, Russia.
| | - Sergey M Ivanov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Department of Bioinformatics, Moscow, 117997, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Bioinformatics, Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - Tatyana A Gloriozova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Bioinformatics, Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - Pavel V Pogodin
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Bioinformatics, Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Filimonov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Bioinformatics, Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Punjabi University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Patiala, 147002, India
| | - Rajesh K Goel
- Punjabi University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Patiala, 147002, India.
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22
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Huo YN, Yeh SD, Lee WS. Androgen receptor activation reduces the endothelial cell proliferation through activating the cSrc/AKT/p38/ERK/NFκB-mediated pathway. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 194:105459. [PMID: 31470108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of androgen on angiogenesis has been documented. However, its underlying molecular mechanisms have not been well illustrated. Here, we show that treatment with an androgen receptor (AR) agonist, metribolone (R1881; 0.05-5 nM), or dihydrotestosterone (DHT; 0.5-2 nM), concentration- and time-dependently inhibited proliferation in human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVEC). This inhibitory effect was confirmed in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1). Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that R1881 induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest in HUVEC. Blockade of the AR activity by pre-treatment with an AR antagonist, hydroxyflutamide (HF), or knockdown of AR expression using the shRNA technique abolished the R1881-induced HUVEC proliferation inhibition, suggesting that AR activation can inhibit endothelial cell proliferation. We further investigated the signaling pathway contributing to the proliferation inhibition induced by AR activation. Our data suggest that R1881 reduced the proliferation rate of HUVEC through activating the AR/cSrc/AKT/p38/ERK/NFκB pathway, subsequently up-regulating p53 expression, which in turn increased the levels of p21 and p27 protein, hence decreasing the activities of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and CDK4, and finally reduced the cell proliferation rate. An extra-nuclear pathway involved in the proliferation inhibition induced by AR activation in vascular endothelial cells was confirmed by showing that membrane-impermeable testosterone-bovine serum albumin (BSA) treatment significantly increased the levels of p53, p27 and p21 protein and reduced cell proliferation. These data highlight the underlying molecular mechanisms by which AR activation induced proliferation inhibition in vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Nien Huo
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Shauh-Der Yeh
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Cancer Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
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23
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Kuo K, Roberts VHJ, Gaffney J, Takahashi DL, Morgan T, Lo JO, Stouffer RL, Frias AE. Maternal High-Fat Diet Consumption and Chronic Hyperandrogenemia Are Associated With Placental Dysfunction in Female Rhesus Macaques. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1937-1949. [PMID: 31180495 PMCID: PMC6656425 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The risk of adverse perinatal outcomes with maternal polycystic ovary syndrome may differ among hyperandrogenic and nonhyperandrogenic phenotypes and is likely modulated by maternal obesity and diet. The relative contribution of maternal hyperandrogenism and nutritional status to placental dysfunction is unknown. Female rhesus macaques (N = 39) were assigned at puberty to one of four treatment groups: subcutaneous cholesterol implants and a standard chow diet (controls); testosterone (T) implants and a normal diet; cholesterol implants and a high-fat, Western-style diet (WSD); and testosterone implants in combination with a high-fat diet. After 3.5 years of treatment, contrast-enhanced and Doppler ultrasound analyses of placental blood flow were performed for a representative subset of animals from each treatment group during pregnancy, and placental architecture assessed with stereological analysis. Placental growth factors, cellular nutrient sensors, and angiogenic markers were measured with ELISA and Western blotting. WSD consumption was associated with a 30% increase in placental flux rate relative to that in animals receiving a normal diet. T and WSD treatments were each independently associated with increased villous volume, and T also was associated with an ∼ 40% decrease fetal capillary volume on stereological analysis. T treatment was associated with significantly increased mTOR and SOCS3 expression. WSD consumption was associated with decreased GLUT1 expression and microvillous membrane localization. Hyperandrogenemic and nonhyperandrogenemic phenotypes are associated with altered placental angiogenesis, nutrient sensing, and glucose transport. WSD and T appear to have distinct effects on vascular impedance and capillary angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Kuo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Correspondence: Kelly Kuo, MD, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, SJH 2356, Portland, Oregon 97239. E-mail:
| | - Victoria H J Roberts
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Jessica Gaffney
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Diana L Takahashi
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Terry Morgan
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jamie O Lo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Richard L Stouffer
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Antonio E Frias
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon
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24
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Schirone L, Iaccarino A, Saade W, D'Abramo M, De Bellis A, Frati G, Sciarretta S, Mestres CA, Greco E. Cerebrovascular Complications and Infective Endocarditis: Impact of Available Evidence on Clinical Outcome. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4109358. [PMID: 30687742 PMCID: PMC6330832 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4109358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Infective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening disease. Its epidemiological profile has substantially changed in recent years although 1-year mortality is still high. Despite advances in medical therapy and surgical technique, there is still uncertainty on the best management and on the timing of surgical intervention. The objective of this review is to produce further insight into the short- and long-term outcomes of patients with IE, with a focus on those presenting cerebrovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Schirone
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Iaccarino
- Department of General and Specialistic Surgery “Paride Stefanini”, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Wael Saade
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological, and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Mizar D'Abramo
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological, and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio De Bellis
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Casa di Cura San Michele, Maddaloni, Caserta, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Carlos-A. Mestres
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ernesto Greco
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological, and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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25
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Robison LS, Gannon OJ, Salinero AE, Zuloaga KL. Contributions of sex to cerebrovascular function and pathology. Brain Res 2018; 1710:43-60. [PMID: 30580011 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences exist in how cerebral blood vessels function under both physiological and pathological conditions, contributing to observed sex differences in risk and outcomes of cerebrovascular diseases (CBVDs), such as vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) and stroke. Throughout most of the lifespan, women are protected from CBVDs; however, risk increases following menopause, suggesting sex hormones may play a significant role in this protection. The cerebrovasculature is a target for sex hormones, including estrogens, progestins, and androgens, where they can influence numerous vascular functions and pathologies. While there is a plethora of information on estrogen, the effects of progestins and androgens on the cerebrovasculature are less well-defined. Estrogen decreases cerebral tone and increases cerebral blood flow, while androgens increase tone. Both estrogens and androgens enhance angiogenesis/cerebrovascular remodeling. While both estrogens and androgens attenuate cerebrovascular inflammation, pro-inflammatory effects of androgens under physiological conditions have also been demonstrated. Sex hormones exert additional neuroprotective effects by attenuating oxidative stress and maintaining integrity and function of the blood brain barrier. Most animal studies utilize young, healthy, gonadectomized animals, which do not mimic the clinical conditions of aging individuals likely to get CBVDs. This is also concerning, as sex hormones appear to mediate cerebrovascular function differently based on age and disease state (e.g. metabolic syndrome). Through this review, we hope to inspire others to consider sex as a key biological variable in cerebrovascular research, as greater understanding of sex differences in cerebrovascular function will assist in developing personalized approaches to prevent and treat CBVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S Robison
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, United States.
| | - Olivia J Gannon
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, United States.
| | - Abigail E Salinero
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, United States.
| | - Kristen L Zuloaga
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, United States.
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26
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Gaba A, Mairhofer M, Zhegu Z, Leditznig N, Szabo L, Tschugguel W, Schneeberger C, Yotova I. Testosterone induced downregulation of migration and proliferation in human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells by Androgen Receptor dependent and independent mechanisms. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 476:173-184. [PMID: 29777728 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has emphasized the potential unfavorable effects of declining testosterone (T) levels in men and the putative beneficial effect of androgen therapy in select women. Some controversy surrounding the mechanism of action and the effects of T on endothelium remains. In this study, we evaluated the mechanism of T action on pooled primary Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) of mixed gender by focusing on two important processes, proliferation and migration. In our in vitro model system, we found that only the supra-physiological dose of T affected these two processes irrespective of the ratio of male to female cells in the pools. At a concentration of 1 μM, T downregulated the proliferation of HUVEC by inducing arrest in the G1 cell cycle phase in an Androgen Receptor (AR)-independent manner. We show that treatment with 1 μM T also induced downregulation of HUVEC migration. This process was AR-dependent and was associated with persistent phosphorylation of ezrin, radixin and moesin. Regardless of the mechanism of action, the treatment of HUVEC with both supra- and physiological doses of T was associated with posttranscriptional stabilization of the AR upon ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aulona Gaba
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Zyhdi Zhegu
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadja Leditznig
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ladislaus Szabo
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Tschugguel
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Schneeberger
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iveta Yotova
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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27
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Clocchiatti A, Ghosh S, Procopio MG, Mazzeo L, Bordignon P, Ostano P, Goruppi S, Bottoni G, Katarkar A, Levesque M, Kölblinger P, Dummer R, Neel V, Özdemir BC, Dotto GP. Androgen receptor functions as transcriptional repressor of cancer-associated fibroblast activation. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:5531-5548. [PMID: 30395538 DOI: 10.1172/jci99159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging-associated increase of cancer risk is linked with stromal fibroblast senescence and concomitant cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) activation. Surprisingly little is known about the role of androgen receptor (AR) signaling in this context. We have found downmodulated AR expression in dermal fibroblasts underlying premalignant skin cancer lesions (actinic keratoses and dysplastic nevi) as well as in CAFs from the 3 major skin cancer types, squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), basal cell carcinomas, and melanomas. Functionally, decreased AR expression in primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) from multiple individuals induced early steps of CAF activation, and in an orthotopic skin cancer model, AR loss in HDFs enhanced tumorigenicity of SCC and melanoma cells. Forming a complex, AR converged with CSL/RBP-Jκ in transcriptional repression of key CAF effector genes. AR and CSL were positive determinants of each other's expression, with BET inhibitors, which counteract the effects of decreased CSL, restoring AR expression and activity in CAFs. Increased AR expression in these cells overcame the consequences of CSL loss and was by itself sufficient to block the growth and tumor-enhancing effects of CAFs on neighboring cancer cells. As such, the findings establish AR as a target for stroma-focused cancer chemoprevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Clocchiatti
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Soumitra Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | - Luigi Mazzeo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Pino Bordignon
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Paola Ostano
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Edo and Elvo Tempia Valenta Foundation, Biella, Italy
| | - Sandro Goruppi
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Giulia Bottoni
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Atul Katarkar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Kölblinger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Victor Neel
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Berna C Özdemir
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.,International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - G Paolo Dotto
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.,International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
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28
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Efficient Promotion of Autophagy and Angiogenesis Using Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy Enhanced by the Low-Energy Shock Waves in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:1302672. [PMID: 30228820 PMCID: PMC6136471 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1302672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cell therapy (MSCT) and defocused low-energy shock wave therapy (ESWT) has been shown to ameliorate erectile dysfunction (ED). However, the interactions and effects of action between MSCT and ESWT remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of combination therapy with MSCT and ESWT in a rat model of diabetic ED. Materials and Methods Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 2 parts. Diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) were randomly divided into 4 groups: (1) DM control group, (2) DM + ESWT group, (3) DM + MSCT group, and (4) DM + ESWT + MSCT group. The sham group was a normal control group (without streptozotocin). MSCT and (or) ESWT were, respectively, administered to each group according to the proposal for 8 weeks. Immediately after recording of intracavernous pressure (ICP), the penis was then harvested for histologic analysis, ELISA, and Western blotting. Results The ratio of ICP/MAP was significantly higher in the DM + ESWT + MSCT group than in ESWT or MSCT treated group (P < 0.05). Also, the treatment stimulated angiogenesis and vasodilatation in the corpus cavernosum (P < 0.05). ESWT increased the quantity of MSCs in the corpus cavernosum and also induced MSCs to express more VEGF in vitro and vivo (P < 0.05) which activated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and NO/cGMP signaling pathways in the corpus cavernosum. The combination approach stimulated autophagy and decreased apoptosis in the corpus cavernosum. NGF and BDNF expressions were higher in the DM + ESWT + MSCT group than in the DM control group (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the treatment promoted the MSC recruitment by inducing penile tissues to express more PECAM and SDF-1. Conclusions Combination of LI-ESWT and MSCT can get a better result than a single treatment by expressing more VEGF which can take part in autophagy by triggering the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. This cooperative therapy would provide a new research direction in ED treatment for the future.
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29
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Huxley VH, Kemp SS, Schramm C, Sieveking S, Bingaman S, Yu Y, Zaniletti I, Stockard K, Wang J. Sex differences influencing micro- and macrovascular endothelial phenotype in vitro. J Physiol 2018; 596:3929-3949. [PMID: 29885204 DOI: 10.1113/jp276048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Endothelial dysfunction is an early hallmark of multiple disease states that also display sex differences with respect to age of onset, frequency and severity. Results of in vivo studies of basal and stimulated microvascular barrier function revealed sex differences that are difficult to ascribe to specific cells or environmental factors. The present study evaluated endothelial cells (EC) isolated from macro- and/or microvessels of reproductively mature rats under the controlled conditions of low-passage culture aiming to test the assumption that EC phenotype would be sex independent. The primary finding was that EC, regardless of where they are derived, retain a sex-bias in low-passage culture, independent of varying levels of reproductive hormones. The implications of the present study include the fallacy of expecting a universal set of mechanisms derived from study of EC from one sex and/or one vascular origin to apply uniformly to all EC under unstimulated conditions, and no less in disease. ABSTRACT Vascular endothelial cells (EC) are heterogeneous with respect to phenotype, reflecting at least the organ of origin, location within the vascular network and physical forces. As an independent influence on EC functions in health or aetiology, susceptibility, and progression of dysfunction in numerous disease states, sex has been largely ignored. The present study focussed on EC isolated from aorta (macrovascular) and skeletal muscle vessels (microvascular) of age-matched male and female rats under identical conditions of short-term (passage 4) culture. We tested the hypothesis that genomic sex would not influence endothelial growth, wound healing, morphology, lactate production, or messenger RNA and protein expression of key proteins (sex hormone receptors for androgen and oestrogens α and β; platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 and vascular endothelial cadherin mediating barrier function; αv β3 and N-cadherin influencing matrix interactions; intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 mediating EC/white cell adhesion). The hypothesis was rejected because the EC origin (macro- vs. microvessel) and sex influenced multiple phenotypic characteristics. Statistical model analysis of EC growth demonstrated an hierarchy of variable importance, recapitulated for other phenotypic characteristics, with predictions assuming EC homogeneity < sex < vessel origin < sex and vessel origin. Furthermore, patterns of EC mRNA expression by vessel origin and by sex did not predict protein expression. Overall, the present study demonstrated that accurate assessment of sex-linked EC dysfunction first requires an understanding of EC function by position in the vascular tree and by sex. The results from a single EC tissue source/species/sex cannot provide universal insight into the mechanisms regulating in vivo endothelial function in health, and no less in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia H Huxley
- National Center for Gender Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Scott S Kemp
- National Center for Gender Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Christine Schramm
- National Center for Gender Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Steve Sieveking
- National Center for Gender Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Susan Bingaman
- National Center for Gender Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Yang Yu
- National Center for Gender Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Isabella Zaniletti
- Department of Statistics, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kevin Stockard
- National Center for Gender Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jianjie Wang
- National Center for Gender Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, USA
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30
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Boese AC, Kim SC, Yin KJ, Lee JP, Hamblin MH. Sex differences in vascular physiology and pathophysiology: estrogen and androgen signaling in health and disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28626075 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00217.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences between women and men are often overlooked and underappreciated when studying the cardiovascular system. It has been long assumed that men and women are physiologically similar, and this notion has resulted in women being clinically evaluated and treated for cardiovascular pathophysiological complications as men. Currently, there is increased recognition of fundamental sex differences in cardiovascular function, anatomy, cell signaling, and pathophysiology. The National Institutes of Health have enacted guidelines expressly to gain knowledge about ways the sexes differ in both normal function and diseases at the various research levels (molecular, cellular, tissue, and organ system). Greater understanding of these sex differences will be used to steer future directions in the biomedical sciences and translational and clinical research. This review describes sex-based differences in the physiology and pathophysiology of the vasculature, with a special emphasis on sex steroid receptor (estrogen and androgen receptor) signaling and their potential impact on vascular function in health and diseases (e.g., atherosclerosis, hypertension, peripheral artery disease, abdominal aortic aneurysms, cerebral aneurysms, and stroke).
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin C Boese
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Seong C Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Ke-Jie Yin
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jean-Pyo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; and.,Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Milton H Hamblin
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana;
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31
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Mitsuhashi T, Uemoto R, Ishikawa K, Yoshida S, Ikeda Y, Yagi S, Matsumoto T, Akaike M, Aihara KI. Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase-Independent Pleiotropic Effects of Pitavastatin Against Atherogenesis and Limb Ischemia in Mice. J Atheroscler Thromb 2017; 25:65-80. [PMID: 28592707 PMCID: PMC5770225 DOI: 10.5551/jat.37747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Statins have a protective impact against cardiovascular diseases through not only lipid-lowering effects but also pleiotropic effects, including activation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) system. We aimed to clarify the protective effects of a statin against atherogenesis and ischemia in eNOS−/− mice. Methods: Study 1. eNOS−/−Apolipoprotein E (ApoE)−/− mice were treated with a vehicle or pitavastatin (0.3 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. Study 2. eNOS−/− mice were also treated with a vehicle or the same dose of pitavastatin for 2 weeks prior to hind-limb ischemia. Results: In Study 1, pitavastatin attenuated plaque formation and medial fibrosis of the aortic root with decreased macrophage infiltration in eNOS−/−ApoE−/− mice. PCR array analysis showed reductions in aortic gene expression of proatherogenic factors, including Ccl2 and Ccr2 in pitavastatin-treated double mutant mice. In addition, pitavastatin activated not only atherogenic p38MAPK and JNK but also anti-atherogenic ERK1/2 and ERK5 in the aorta of the double mutant mice. In Study 2, pitavastatin prolonged hind-limb survival after the surgery with increased BCL2-to-BAX protein ratio and inactivated JNK. Enhanced expression of anti-apoptotic genes, including Vegf, Api5, Atf5, Prdx2, and Dad1, was observed in the ischemic limb of pitavastatin-treated eNOS−/− mice. Furthermore, pitavastatin activated both aortic and skeletal muscle AMPK in the eNOS-deficient vascular injury models. Conclusion: Pitavastatin exerts eNOS-independent protective effects against atherogenesis and hindlimb ischemia in mice, which may occur via modifications on key molecules such as AMPK and diverse molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryoko Uemoto
- Department of Community Medicine for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Tokushima University
| | | | - Sumiko Yoshida
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Tokushima University
| | | | - Shusuke Yagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Toshio Matsumoto
- Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | | | - Ken-Ichi Aihara
- Department of Community Medicine for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Tokushima University
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Kurahashi K, Inoue S, Yoshida S, Ikeda Y, Morimoto K, Uemoto R, Ishikawa K, Kondo T, Yuasa T, Endo I, Miyake M, Oyadomari S, Matsumoto T, Abe M, Sakaue H, Aihara KI. The Role of Heparin Cofactor Ⅱ in the Regulation of Insulin Sensitivity and Maintenance of Glucose Homeostasis in Humans and Mice. J Atheroscler Thromb 2017; 24:1215-1230. [PMID: 28502917 PMCID: PMC5742367 DOI: 10.5551/jat.37739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Accelerated thrombin action is associated with insulin resistance. It is known that upon activation by binding to dermatan sulfate proteoglycans, heparin cofactor II (HCII) inactivates thrombin in tissues. Because HCII may be involved in glucose metabolism, we investigated the relationship between plasma HCII activity and insulin resistance. Methods and Results: In a clinical study, statistical analysis was performed to examine the relationships between plasma HCII activity, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in elderly Japanese individuals with lifestyle-related diseases. Multiple regression analysis showed significant inverse relationships between plasma HCII activity and HbA1c (p = 0.014), FPG (p = 0.007), and HOMA-IR (p = 0.041) in elderly Japanese subjects. In an animal study, HCII+/+ mice and HCII+/− mice were fed with a normal diet or high-fat diet (HFD) until 25 weeks of age. HFD-fed HCII+/− mice exhibited larger adipocyte size, higher FPG level, hyperinsulinemia, compared to HFD-fed HCII+/+ mice. In addition, HFD-fed HCII+/− mice exhibited augmented expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and tumor necrosis factor, and impaired phosphorylation of the serine/threonine kinase Akt and AMP-activated protein kinase in adipose tissue compared to HFD-fed HCII+/+ mice. The expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase was also enhanced in the hepatic tissues of HFD-fed HCII+/− mice. Conclusions: The present studies provide evidence to support the idea that HCII plays an important role in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis by regulating insulin sensitivity in both humans and mice. Stimulators of HCII production may serve as novel therapeutic tools for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoe Kurahashi
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Seika Inoue
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Sumiko Yoshida
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Yasumasa Ikeda
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Kana Morimoto
- Department of Community Medicine for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Ryoko Uemoto
- Department of Community Medicine for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Kazue Ishikawa
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Takeshi Kondo
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Tomoyuki Yuasa
- Department of Community Medicine for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Itsuro Endo
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Masato Miyake
- Division of Molecular Biology, Institute for Genome Research, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Seiichi Oyadomari
- Division of Molecular Biology, Institute for Genome Research, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Toshio Matsumoto
- Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Masahiro Abe
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Hiroshi Sakaue
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Ken-Ichi Aihara
- Department of Community Medicine for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
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Liu P, Li X, Song F, Li P, Wei J, Yan Q, Xu X, Yang J, Li C, Fu X. Testosterone promotes tube formation of endothelial cells isolated from veins via activation of Smad1 protein. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 446:21-31. [PMID: 28167128 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Testosterone (T) deficiency is positively correlated with the increased incidence of cardiovascular disease. However, the effects of T on vascular endothelial cells remain obscure. Tube formation capacity is critical for vascular regeneration/repair and Smad1 plays an important role in these events. In this study, we investigated the effects of T on Smad1 activation and tube formation of cultured human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs). Our results showed that T rapidly increased endothelial Smad1 phosphorylation. This effect was mimicked by cell-impermeable T-BSA conjugates and was not altered by transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D or translational inhibitor cycloheximide. T-induced Smad1 phosphorylation was blocked by ERK1/2 and c-Src inhibitors or their specific siRNAs, while it was reinforced by ERK1/2 or c-Src overexpression. Indeed, T rapidly activated ERK1/2 and c-Src signalings and c-Src was confirmed as the upstream of ERK1/2. Moreover, caveolae disruptor methyl-β-cyclodextrin (β-MCD) blocked Smad1 activation induced by T. The association of caveolin-1 with androgen receptor (AR) or c-Src was detected by immunoprecipitation and it was significantly increased by rapid T stimulation. Furthermore, fractional analysis showed that AR and c-Src were expressed in caveolae-enriched membrane fractions. T promoted tube formation of HUVECs, which was blocked by c-Src and ERK1/2 inhibitors or by the knockdown of Smad1. In conclusion, T increased tube formation of endothelial cells isolated from veins by stimulating Smad1 phosphorylation in a nongenomic manner, which was mediated by signals from AR/c-Src located in caveolae to ERK1/2 cascade. These findings may shed new light on the relevance of T to its vascular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510630, China
| | - Xiaosa Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Fuhu Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510630, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Jinzhi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Qing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Xingyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Chuanxiang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510630, China.
| | - Xiaodong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
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Lam YT, Lecce L, Tan JTM, Bursill CA, Handelsman DJ, Ng MKC. Androgen Receptor-Mediated Genomic Androgen Action Augments Ischemia-Induced Neovascularization. Endocrinology 2016; 157:4853-4864. [PMID: 27754785 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that androgens regulate ischemia-induced neovascularization. However, the role of genomic androgen action mediated by androgen receptor (AR), a ligand-activated nuclear transcription factor, remains poorly understood. Using an AR knockout (KO) mouse strain that contains a transcriptionally inactive AR (ARΔex3KO), we examined the role of AR genomic function in modulating androgen-mediated augmentation of ischemia-induced neovascularization. Castrated wild-type (ARWT) and ARΔex3KO mice were implanted with 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or placebo pellets after hindlimb ischemia (HLI). DHT modulation of angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, key processes for vascular repair and regeneration, was examined. Laser Doppler perfusion imaging revealed that DHT enhanced blood flow recovery in ARWT mice post-HLI. In ARWT mice, DHT enhanced angiogenesis by down-regulating prolyl hydroxylase 2 and augmenting hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) levels in the ischemic tissues post-HLI. DHT also enhanced the production and mobilization of Sca1+/CXCR4+ progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) and circulating blood, respectively, in ARWT mice. By contrast, DHT-mediated enhancement of blood flow recovery was abrogated in ARΔex3KO mice. DHT modulation of HIF-1α expression was attenuated in ARΔex3KO mice. DHT-induced HIF-1α transcriptional activity and DHT-augmented paracrine-mediated endothelial cell tubule formation were attenuated in fibroblasts isolated from ARΔex3KO mice in vitro. Furthermore, DHT-induced augmentation of Sca1+/CXCR4+ progenitor cell production and mobilization was absent in ARΔex3KO mice post-HLI. BM transplantation revealed that ischemia-induced mobilization of circulating progenitor cells was abolished in recipients of ARΔex3KO BM. Together, these results indicate that androgen-mediated augmentation of ischemia-induced neovascularization is dependent on genomic AR transcriptional activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Ting Lam
- The Heart Research Institute (Y.T.L., L.L., J.T.M.T., C.A.B., M.K.C.N.), Newtown, Sydney, New South Wales 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School (Y.T.L., L.L., J.T.M.T., C.A.B., M.K.C.N.), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute (D.J.H.), The University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2139, Australia; and Department of Cardiology (M.K.C.N.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Laura Lecce
- The Heart Research Institute (Y.T.L., L.L., J.T.M.T., C.A.B., M.K.C.N.), Newtown, Sydney, New South Wales 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School (Y.T.L., L.L., J.T.M.T., C.A.B., M.K.C.N.), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute (D.J.H.), The University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2139, Australia; and Department of Cardiology (M.K.C.N.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Joanne T M Tan
- The Heart Research Institute (Y.T.L., L.L., J.T.M.T., C.A.B., M.K.C.N.), Newtown, Sydney, New South Wales 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School (Y.T.L., L.L., J.T.M.T., C.A.B., M.K.C.N.), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute (D.J.H.), The University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2139, Australia; and Department of Cardiology (M.K.C.N.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Christina A Bursill
- The Heart Research Institute (Y.T.L., L.L., J.T.M.T., C.A.B., M.K.C.N.), Newtown, Sydney, New South Wales 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School (Y.T.L., L.L., J.T.M.T., C.A.B., M.K.C.N.), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute (D.J.H.), The University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2139, Australia; and Department of Cardiology (M.K.C.N.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - David J Handelsman
- The Heart Research Institute (Y.T.L., L.L., J.T.M.T., C.A.B., M.K.C.N.), Newtown, Sydney, New South Wales 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School (Y.T.L., L.L., J.T.M.T., C.A.B., M.K.C.N.), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute (D.J.H.), The University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2139, Australia; and Department of Cardiology (M.K.C.N.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Martin K C Ng
- The Heart Research Institute (Y.T.L., L.L., J.T.M.T., C.A.B., M.K.C.N.), Newtown, Sydney, New South Wales 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School (Y.T.L., L.L., J.T.M.T., C.A.B., M.K.C.N.), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute (D.J.H.), The University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2139, Australia; and Department of Cardiology (M.K.C.N.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
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Wilhelmson AS, Fagman JB, Johansson I, Zou ZV, Andersson AG, Svedlund Eriksson E, Johansson ME, Lindahl P, Fogelstrand P, Tivesten Å. Increased Intimal Hyperplasia After Vascular Injury in Male Androgen Receptor-Deficient Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:3915-3923. [PMID: 27533884 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intimal hyperplasia is a vascular pathological process involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Data suggest that T, the most important sex steroid hormone in males, protects men from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. T mainly acts via the androgen receptor (AR), and in this study we evaluated formation of intimal hyperplasia in male AR knockout (ARKO) mice using a vascular injury model. Two weeks after ligation of the carotid artery, male ARKO mice showed increased intimal area and intimal thickness compared with controls. After endothelial denudation by an in vivo scraping injury, there was no difference in the reendothelialization in ARKO compared with control mice. Ex vivo, we observed increased outgrowth of vascular smooth muscle cells from ARKO compared with control aortic tissue explants; the number of outgrown cells was almost doubled in ARKO. In vitro, stimulation of human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells with a physiological T concentration inhibited both migration and proliferation of the cells. Analyzing the expression of central regulators of cell proliferation and migration, we found that mRNA and protein levels of p27 were lower in uninjured arteries from ARKO mice and that T replacement to castrated male mice increased p27 mRNA in an AR-dependent manner. In conclusion, AR deficiency in male mice increases intimal hyperplasia in response to vascular injury, potentially related to the effects of androgens/AR to inhibit proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Wilhelmson
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (A.S.W., J.B.F., I.J., Z.V.Z., A.G.A., E.S.E., P.L., P.F., Å.T.), Institute of Medicine; Sahlgrenska Cancer Center (J.B.F.), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences; and Department of Physiology (M.E.J.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; The Finsen Laboratory (A.S.W), Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan B Fagman
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (A.S.W., J.B.F., I.J., Z.V.Z., A.G.A., E.S.E., P.L., P.F., Å.T.), Institute of Medicine; Sahlgrenska Cancer Center (J.B.F.), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences; and Department of Physiology (M.E.J.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; The Finsen Laboratory (A.S.W), Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inger Johansson
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (A.S.W., J.B.F., I.J., Z.V.Z., A.G.A., E.S.E., P.L., P.F., Å.T.), Institute of Medicine; Sahlgrenska Cancer Center (J.B.F.), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences; and Department of Physiology (M.E.J.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; The Finsen Laboratory (A.S.W), Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhiyuan V Zou
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (A.S.W., J.B.F., I.J., Z.V.Z., A.G.A., E.S.E., P.L., P.F., Å.T.), Institute of Medicine; Sahlgrenska Cancer Center (J.B.F.), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences; and Department of Physiology (M.E.J.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; The Finsen Laboratory (A.S.W), Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Axel G Andersson
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (A.S.W., J.B.F., I.J., Z.V.Z., A.G.A., E.S.E., P.L., P.F., Å.T.), Institute of Medicine; Sahlgrenska Cancer Center (J.B.F.), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences; and Department of Physiology (M.E.J.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; The Finsen Laboratory (A.S.W), Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elin Svedlund Eriksson
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (A.S.W., J.B.F., I.J., Z.V.Z., A.G.A., E.S.E., P.L., P.F., Å.T.), Institute of Medicine; Sahlgrenska Cancer Center (J.B.F.), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences; and Department of Physiology (M.E.J.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; The Finsen Laboratory (A.S.W), Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria E Johansson
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (A.S.W., J.B.F., I.J., Z.V.Z., A.G.A., E.S.E., P.L., P.F., Å.T.), Institute of Medicine; Sahlgrenska Cancer Center (J.B.F.), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences; and Department of Physiology (M.E.J.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; The Finsen Laboratory (A.S.W), Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Lindahl
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (A.S.W., J.B.F., I.J., Z.V.Z., A.G.A., E.S.E., P.L., P.F., Å.T.), Institute of Medicine; Sahlgrenska Cancer Center (J.B.F.), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences; and Department of Physiology (M.E.J.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; The Finsen Laboratory (A.S.W), Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Fogelstrand
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (A.S.W., J.B.F., I.J., Z.V.Z., A.G.A., E.S.E., P.L., P.F., Å.T.), Institute of Medicine; Sahlgrenska Cancer Center (J.B.F.), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences; and Department of Physiology (M.E.J.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; The Finsen Laboratory (A.S.W), Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Åsa Tivesten
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (A.S.W., J.B.F., I.J., Z.V.Z., A.G.A., E.S.E., P.L., P.F., Å.T.), Institute of Medicine; Sahlgrenska Cancer Center (J.B.F.), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences; and Department of Physiology (M.E.J.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; The Finsen Laboratory (A.S.W), Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Torres-Estay V, Carreño DV, Fuenzalida P, Watts A, San Francisco IF, Montecinos VP, Sotomayor PC, Ebos J, Smith GJ, Godoy AS. Androgens modulate male-derived endothelial cell homeostasis using androgen receptor-dependent and receptor-independent mechanisms. Angiogenesis 2016; 20:25-38. [PMID: 27679502 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-016-9525-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex-related differences in the role of androgen have been reported in cardiovascular diseases and angiogenesis. Moreover, androgen receptor (AR) has been causally involved in the homeostasis of human prostate endothelial cells. However, levels of expression, functionality and biological role of AR in male- and female-derived human endothelial cells (ECs) remain poorly characterized. The objectives of this work were (1) to characterize the functional expression of AR in male- and female-derived human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC), and (2) to specifically analyze the biological effects of DHT, and the role of AR on these effects, in male-derived HUVECs (mHUVECs). RESULTS Immunohistochemical analyses of tissue microarrays from benign human tissues confirmed expression of AR in ECs from several androgen-regulated and non-androgen-regulated human organs. Functional expression of AR was validated in vitro in male- and female-derived HUVECs using quantitative RT-PCR, immunoblotting and AR-mediated transcriptional activity assays. Our results indicated that functional expression of AR in male- and female-derived HUVECs was heterogeneous, but not sex dependent. In parallel, we analyzed in depth the biological effects of DHT, and the role of AR on these effects, on proliferation, survival and tube formation capacity in mHUVECs. Our results indicated that DHT did not affect mHUVEC survival; however, DHT stimulated mHUVEC proliferation and suppressed mHUVEC tube formation capacity. While the effect of DHT on proliferation was mediated through AR, the effect of DHT on tube formation did not depend on the presence of a functional AR, but rather depended on the ability of mHUVECs to further metabolize DHT. CONCLUSIONS (1) Heterogeneous expression of AR in male- and female-derived HUVEC could define the presence of functionally different subpopulations of ECs that may be affected differentially by androgens, which could explain, at least in part, the pleiotropic effects of androgen on vascular biology, and (2) DHT, and metabolites of DHT, generally thought to represent progressively more hydrophilic products along the path to elimination, may have differential roles in modulating the biology of human ECs through AR-dependent and AR-independent mechanisms, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Torres-Estay
- Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela V Carreño
- Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Fuenzalida
- Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anica Watts
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Ignacio F San Francisco
- Department of Urology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Viviana P Montecinos
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula C Sotomayor
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Science, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - John Ebos
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.,Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Gary J Smith
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Alejandro S Godoy
- Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile. .,Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
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Wu J, Hadoke PWF, Takov K, Korczak A, Denvir MA, Smith LB. Influence of Androgen Receptor in Vascular Cells on Reperfusion following Hindlimb Ischaemia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154987. [PMID: 27159530 PMCID: PMC4861284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Studies in global androgen receptor knockout (G-ARKO) and orchidectomised mice suggest that androgen accelerates reperfusion of the ischaemic hindlimb by stimulating angiogenesis. This investigation used novel, vascular cell-specific ARKO mice to address the hypothesis that the impaired hindlimb reperfusion in G-ARKO mice was due to loss of AR from cells in the vascular wall. Methods and Results Mice with selective deletion of AR (ARKO) from vascular smooth muscle cells (SM-ARKO), endothelial cells (VE-ARKO), or both (SM/VE-ARKO) were compared with wild type (WT) controls. Hindlimb ischaemia was induced in these mice by ligation and removal of the femoral artery. Post-operative reperfusion was reduced in SM-ARKO and SM/VE-ARKO mice. Immunohistochemistry indicated that this was accompanied by a reduced density of smooth muscle actin-positive vessels but no change in the density of isolectin B4-positive vessels in the gastrocnemius muscle. Deletion of AR from the endothelium (VE-ARKO) did not alter post-operative reperfusion or vessel density. In an ex vivo (aortic ring culture) model of angiogenesis, AR was not detected in vascular outgrowths and angiogenesis was not altered by vascular ARKO or by exposure to dihydrotestosterone (DHT 10−10–10-7M; 6 days). Conclusion These results suggest that loss of AR from vascular smooth muscle, but not from the endothelium, contributes to impaired reperfusion in the ischaemic hindlimb of G-ARKO. Impaired reperfusion was associated with reduced collateral formation rather than reduced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxi Wu
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
- University/ BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick W. F. Hadoke
- University/ BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Kaloyan Takov
- University/ BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Agnieszka Korczak
- University/ BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Martin A. Denvir
- University/ BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Lee B. Smith
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The incidence of many types of cancer arising in organs with non-reproductive functions is significantly higher in male populations than in female populations, with associated differences in survival. Occupational and/or behavioural factors are well-known underlying determinants. However, cellular and molecular differences between the two sexes are also likely to be important. In this Opinion article, we focus on the complex interplay that sex hormones and sex chromosomes can have in intrinsic control of cancer-initiating cell populations, the tumour microenvironment and systemic determinants of cancer development, such as the immune system and metabolism. A better appreciation of these differences between the two sexes could be of substantial value for cancer prevention as well as treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Clocchiatti
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Elisa Cora
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, CH-1066, Switzerland
| | - Yosra Zhang
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA; and the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, CH-1066, Switzerland
| | - G Paolo Dotto
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA; and the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, CH-1066, Switzerland
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Yoshida S, Ikeda Y, Aihara KI. Roles of the Androgen – Androgen Receptor System in Vascular Angiogenesis. J Atheroscler Thromb 2016; 23:257-65. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.31047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sumiko Yoshida
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
| | - Yasumasa Ikeda
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
| | - Ken-ichi Aihara
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
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Wang Y, Zheng Z, Zhu X, Han J, Dong M, Tao K, Wang H, Wang Y, Hu D. The amelioration of composite tissue allograft rejection by TIM-3-modified dendritic cell: Regulation of the balance of regulatory and effector T cells. Immunol Lett 2016; 169:15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Feitelson MA, Arzumanyan A, Kulathinal RJ, Blain SW, Holcombe RF, Mahajna J, Marino M, Martinez-Chantar ML, Nawroth R, Sanchez-Garcia I, Sharma D, Saxena NK, Singh N, Vlachostergios PJ, Guo S, Honoki K, Fujii H, Georgakilas AG, Bilsland A, Amedei A, Niccolai E, Amin A, Ashraf SS, Boosani CS, Guha G, Ciriolo MR, Aquilano K, Chen S, Mohammed SI, Azmi AS, Bhakta D, Halicka D, Keith WN, Nowsheen S. Sustained proliferation in cancer: Mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S25-S54. [PMID: 25892662 PMCID: PMC4898971 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 426] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Proliferation is an important part of cancer development and progression. This is manifest by altered expression and/or activity of cell cycle related proteins. Constitutive activation of many signal transduction pathways also stimulates cell growth. Early steps in tumor development are associated with a fibrogenic response and the development of a hypoxic environment which favors the survival and proliferation of cancer stem cells. Part of the survival strategy of cancer stem cells may manifested by alterations in cell metabolism. Once tumors appear, growth and metastasis may be supported by overproduction of appropriate hormones (in hormonally dependent cancers), by promoting angiogenesis, by undergoing epithelial to mesenchymal transition, by triggering autophagy, and by taking cues from surrounding stromal cells. A number of natural compounds (e.g., curcumin, resveratrol, indole-3-carbinol, brassinin, sulforaphane, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, genistein, ellagitannins, lycopene and quercetin) have been found to inhibit one or more pathways that contribute to proliferation (e.g., hypoxia inducible factor 1, nuclear factor kappa B, phosphoinositide 3 kinase/Akt, insulin-like growth factor receptor 1, Wnt, cell cycle associated proteins, as well as androgen and estrogen receptor signaling). These data, in combination with bioinformatics analyses, will be very important for identifying signaling pathways and molecular targets that may provide early diagnostic markers and/or critical targets for the development of new drugs or drug combinations that block tumor formation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Feitelson
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Alla Arzumanyan
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rob J Kulathinal
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Stacy W Blain
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Randall F Holcombe
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jamal Mahajna
- MIGAL-Galilee Technology Center, Cancer Drug Discovery Program, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Maria Marino
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, V.le G. Marconi, 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria L Martinez-Chantar
- Metabolomic Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Technology Park of Bizkaia, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Roman Nawroth
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Isidro Sanchez-Garcia
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Dipali Sharma
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Neeraj K Saxena
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Neetu Singh
- Tissue and Cell Culture Unit, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Shanchun Guo
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Fujii
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Alan Bilsland
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Niccolai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Amr Amin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - S Salman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chandra S Boosani
- Department of BioMedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Gunjan Guha
- School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Maria Rosa Ciriolo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sophie Chen
- Department of Research and Development, Ovarian and Prostate Cancer Research Trust Laboratory, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7YG, United Kingdom
| | - Sulma I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Pathology, Karmonas Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Dipita Bhakta
- School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Dorota Halicka
- Brander Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - W Nicol Keith
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Somaira Nowsheen
- Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Rochester, MN, United States
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Zhao X, Balaji P, Pachon R, Beniamen DM, Vatner DE, Graham RM, Vatner SF. Overexpression of Cardiomyocyte α1A-Adrenergic Receptors Attenuates Postinfarct Remodeling by Inducing Angiogenesis Through Heterocellular Signaling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:2451-9. [PMID: 26338300 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stimulation of cardiac α1A-adrenergic receptors (α1A-AR) has been proposed for treatment of heart failure, since it increases myocardial contractility. We investigated a different mechanism, induction of angiogenesis. APPROACH AND RESULTS Four to 6 weeks after permanent coronary artery occlusion, transgenic rats with cardiomyocyte-specific α1A-adrenergic receptor overexpression had less remodeling than their nontransgenic littermates, with less fibrosis, hypertrophy and lung weight, and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction and wall stress (all P<0.05). Coronary blood flow, measured with microspheres, increased in the infarct zone in transgenic rats compared with nontransgenic littermates (1.4±0.2 versus 0.5±0.08 mL min(-1) g(-1); P<0.05), which is consistent with angiogenesis, as reflected by a 20% increase in capillary density in the zone adjacent to the infarct. The question arose, how does transgenic overexpression of a gene in cardiomyocytes induce angiogenesis? We identified a paracrine mechanism, whereby vascular endothelial growth factor-A mRNA and protein were increased in isolated transgenic cardiomyocytes and also by nontransgenic littermate cardiomyocytes treated with an α1A-agonist, resulting in angiogenesis. Conditioned medium from cultured cardiomyocytes treated with an α1A agonist enhanced human umbilical vein endothelial cell tubule formation, which was blocked by an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor-A antibody. Moreover, improved cardiac function, blood flow, and increased capillary density after chronic coronary artery occlusion in transgenic rats were blocked by either a mitogen ERK kinase (MEK) or a vascular endothelial growth factor-A inhibitor. CONCLUSION Cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of the α1A-adrenergic receptors resulted in enhanced MEK-dependent cardiomyocyte vascular endothelial growth factor-A expression, which stimulates angiogenesis via a paracrine mechanism involving heterocellular cardiomyocyte/endothelial cell signaling, protecting against remodeling and heart failure after chronic coronary artery occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark (X.Z., R.P., D.E.V., S.F.V.); and Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (P.B., D.M.B., R.M.G.)
| | - Poornima Balaji
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark (X.Z., R.P., D.E.V., S.F.V.); and Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (P.B., D.M.B., R.M.G.)
| | - Ronald Pachon
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark (X.Z., R.P., D.E.V., S.F.V.); and Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (P.B., D.M.B., R.M.G.)
| | - Daniella M Beniamen
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark (X.Z., R.P., D.E.V., S.F.V.); and Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (P.B., D.M.B., R.M.G.)
| | - Dorothy E Vatner
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark (X.Z., R.P., D.E.V., S.F.V.); and Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (P.B., D.M.B., R.M.G.)
| | - Robert M Graham
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark (X.Z., R.P., D.E.V., S.F.V.); and Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (P.B., D.M.B., R.M.G.)
| | - Stephen F Vatner
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark (X.Z., R.P., D.E.V., S.F.V.); and Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (P.B., D.M.B., R.M.G.).
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Tivesten Å, Pinthus JH, Clarke N, Duivenvoorden W, Nilsson J. Cardiovascular risk with androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: potential mechanisms. Urol Oncol 2015; 33:464-75. [PMID: 26141678 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2015.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is frequently used for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. ADT is associated with numerous side effects related to its mode of action, namely the suppression of testosterone to castrate levels. Recently, several large retrospective studies have also reported an increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in men receiving ADT, although these risks have not been confirmed by prospective randomized trials. We review the literature to consider the risk of cardiovascular disease with different forms of ADT and examine in detail potential mechanisms by which any such risk could be mediated. Mechanisms discussed include the metabolic syndrome resulting from low testosterone level and the potential roles of testosterone flare, gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors outside the pituitary gland, and altered levels of follicle-stimulating hormone. Finally, the clinical implications for men prescribed ADT for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Tivesten
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Jehonathan H Pinthus
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Noel Clarke
- Department of Urology, The Christie and Salford Royal Hospitals, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Jan Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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44
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Torres-Estay V, Carreño DV, San Francisco IF, Sotomayor P, Godoy AS, Smith GJ. Androgen receptor in human endothelial cells. J Endocrinol 2015; 224:R131-7. [PMID: 25563353 PMCID: PMC4700832 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-inducible transcription factor, and a member of the steroid-thyroid-retinoid receptor superfamily, that mediates the biological effects of androgens in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. AR expression was identified in vascular cells nearly 20 years ago, and recent research has shown that AR mediates a variety of actions of androgens in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. In this mini-review, we review evidence indicating the importance of AR in human endothelial cell (HUVEC) homeostatic and pathogenic processes. Although a role for AR in the modulation of HUVEC biology is evident, the molecular mechanisms by which AR regulates HUVEC homeostasis and disease processes are not fully understood. Understanding these mechanisms could provide critical insights into the processes of pathogenesis of diseases ranging from cardiovascular disease to cancer that are major causes of human morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Torres-Estay
- Departamento de FisiologíaUrologíaPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, ChileCenter for Integrative Medicine and Innovative SciencesUniversidad Andrés Bello, Santiago de Chile, ChileDepartment of UrologyRoswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Daniela V Carreño
- Departamento de FisiologíaUrologíaPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, ChileCenter for Integrative Medicine and Innovative SciencesUniversidad Andrés Bello, Santiago de Chile, ChileDepartment of UrologyRoswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Ignacio F San Francisco
- Departamento de FisiologíaUrologíaPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, ChileCenter for Integrative Medicine and Innovative SciencesUniversidad Andrés Bello, Santiago de Chile, ChileDepartment of UrologyRoswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Paula Sotomayor
- Departamento de FisiologíaUrologíaPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, ChileCenter for Integrative Medicine and Innovative SciencesUniversidad Andrés Bello, Santiago de Chile, ChileDepartment of UrologyRoswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Alejandro S Godoy
- Departamento de FisiologíaUrologíaPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, ChileCenter for Integrative Medicine and Innovative SciencesUniversidad Andrés Bello, Santiago de Chile, ChileDepartment of UrologyRoswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA Departamento de FisiologíaUrologíaPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, ChileCenter for Integrative Medicine and Innovative SciencesUniversidad Andrés Bello, Santiago de Chile, ChileDepartment of UrologyRoswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Gary J Smith
- Departamento de FisiologíaUrologíaPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, ChileCenter for Integrative Medicine and Innovative SciencesUniversidad Andrés Bello, Santiago de Chile, ChileDepartment of UrologyRoswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
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45
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Gonzales GF, Chaupis D. Higher androgen bioactivity is associated with excessive erythrocytosis and chronic mountain sickness in Andean Highlanders: a review. Andrologia 2014; 47:729-43. [PMID: 25277225 DOI: 10.1111/and.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Populations living at high altitudes (HA), particularly in the Peruvian Central Andes, are characterised by presenting subjects with erythrocytosis and others with excessive erythrocytosis (EE)(Hb>21 g dl(-1) ). EE is associated with chronic mountain sickness (CMS), or lack of adaptation to HA. Testosterone is an erythropoietic hormone and it may play a role on EE at HA. The objective of the present review was to summarise findings on role of serum T levels on adaptation at HA and genes acting on this process. Men at HA without EE have higher androstenedione levels and low ratio androstenedione/testosterone than men with EE, suggesting low activity of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD), and this could be a mechanism of adaptation to HA. Higher conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone to testosterone in men with EE suggests nigher 17beta-HSD activity. Men with CMS at Peruvian Central Andes have two genes SENP1, and ANP32D with higher transcriptional response to hypoxia relative to those without. SUMO-specific protease 1 (SENP1) is an erythropoiesis regulator, which is essential for the stability and activity of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1α) under hypoxia. SENP1 reverses the hormone-augmented SUMOylation of androgen receptor (AR) increasing the transcription activity of AR.In conclusion, increased androgen activity is related with CMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Gonzales
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Reproduction, High Altitude Research Institute and Department of Biological and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - D Chaupis
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Reproduction, High Altitude Research Institute and Department of Biological and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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46
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Wu J, Hadoke PWF, Mair I, Lim WG, Miller E, Denvir MA, Smith LB. Modulation of neointimal lesion formation by endogenous androgens is independent of vascular androgen receptor. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 103:281-90. [PMID: 24903497 PMCID: PMC4094672 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Low androgen levels have been linked with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in men. Previous studies have suggested that androgens directly inhibit atherosclerotic lesion formation although the underlying mechanisms for this remain unclear. This study addressed the hypothesis that endogenous androgens inhibit arterial remodelling by a direct action on the androgen receptor (AR) in the vascular wall. Methods and results We studied a series of novel mouse lines with cell-specific deletion of the AR in either the endothelium or in smooth muscle cells or both cell types. Findings were compared with a model of global androgen deficiency in wild-type mice (castrated). We characterized the cardiovascular phenotype, vascular pharmacology and histology, and assessed neointimal lesion formation following vascular injury to the femoral artery. Cell-specific AR deletion did not alter body weight, circulating testosterone levels or seminal vesicle weight, but caused limited alterations in arterial contractility and blood pressure. Neointimal lesion formation was unaltered by selective deletion of AR from the vascular endothelium, smooth muscle, or both cell types. Castration in wild-type mice increased neointimal lesion volume (Sham vs. Castration: 2.4 × 107 ± 4.5 × 106 vs. 3.9 × 107 ± 4.9 × 106 µm3, P = 0.04, n = 9–10). Conclusion Vascular cell-specific AR deletion had no effect on neointimal lesion formation, while low systemic androgen levels adversely affect neointimal lesion size. These findings suggest that the cardio-protective effects of androgens are mediated either by AR outside the vasculature or by AR-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxi Wu
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Patrick W F Hadoke
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Iris Mair
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Win Gel Lim
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Eileen Miller
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Martin A Denvir
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Lee B Smith
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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47
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Sasaki H, Nagayama T, Blanton RM, Seo K, Zhang M, Zhu G, Lee DI, Bedja D, Hsu S, Tsukamoto O, Takashima S, Kitakaze M, Mendelsohn ME, Karas RH, Kass DA, Takimoto E. PDE5 inhibitor efficacy is estrogen dependent in female heart disease. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:2464-71. [PMID: 24837433 DOI: 10.1172/jci70731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) ameliorates pathological cardiac remodeling and has been gaining attention as a potential therapy for heart failure. Despite promising results in males, the efficacy of the PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil in female cardiac pathologies has not been determined and might be affected by estrogen levels, given the hormone's involvement in cGMP synthesis. Here, we determined that the heart-protective effect of sildenafil in female mice depends on the presence of estrogen via a mechanism that involves myocyte eNOS-dependent cGMP synthesis and the cGMP-dependent protein kinase Iα (PKGIα). Sildenafil treatment failed to exert antiremodeling properties in female pathological hearts from Gαq-overexpressing or pressure-overloaded mice after ovary removal; however, estrogen replacement restored the effectiveness of sildenafil in these animals. In females, sildenafil-elicited myocardial PKG activity required estrogen, which stimulated tonic cardiomyocyte cGMP synthesis via an eNOS/soluble guanylate cyclase pathway. In contrast, eNOS activation, cGMP synthesis, and sildenafil efficacy were not estrogen dependent in male hearts. Estrogen and sildenafil had no impact on pressure-overloaded hearts from animals expressing dysfunctional PKGIα, indicating that PKGIα mediates antiremodeling effects. These results support the importance of sex differences in the use of PDE5 inhibitors for treating heart disease and the critical role of estrogen status when these agents are used in females.
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