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Nasilli G, de Waal TM, Marchal GA, Bertoli G, Veldkamp MW, Rothenberg E, Casini S, Remme CA. Decreasing microtubule detyrosination modulates Nav1.5 subcellular distribution and restores sodium current in mdx cardiomyocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:723-734. [PMID: 38395031 PMCID: PMC11135645 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The microtubule (MT) network plays a major role in the transport of the cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5 to the membrane, where the latter associates with interacting proteins such as dystrophin. Alterations in MT dynamics are known to impact on ion channel trafficking. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), caused by dystrophin deficiency, is associated with an increase in MT detyrosination, decreased sodium current (INa), and arrhythmias. Parthenolide (PTL), a compound that decreases MT detyrosination, has shown beneficial effects on cardiac function in DMD. We here investigated its impact on INa and Nav1.5 subcellular distribution. METHODS AND RESULTS Ventricular cardiomyocytes (CMs) from wild-type (WT) and mdx (DMD) mice were incubated with either 10 µM PTL, 20 µM EpoY, or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) for 3-5 h, followed by patch-clamp analysis to assess INa and action potential (AP) characteristics in addition to immunofluorescence and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) to investigate MT detyrosination and Nav1.5 cluster size and density, respectively. In accordance with previous studies, we observed increased MT detyrosination, decreased INa and reduced AP upstroke velocity (Vmax) in mdx CMs compared to WT. PTL decreased MT detyrosination and significantly increased INa magnitude (without affecting INa gating properties) and AP Vmax in mdx CMs, but had no effect in WT CMs. Moreover, STORM analysis showed that in mdx CMs, Nav1.5 clusters were decreased not only in the grooves of the lateral membrane (LM; where dystrophin is localized) but also at the LM crests. PTL restored Nav1.5 clusters at the LM crests (but not at the grooves), indicating a dystrophin-independent trafficking route to this subcellular domain. Interestingly, Nav1.5 cluster density was also reduced at the intercalated disc (ID) region of mdx CMs, which was restored to WT levels by PTL. Treatment of mdx CMs with EpoY, a specific MT detyrosination inhibitor, also increased INa density, while decreasing the amount of detyrosinated MTs, confirming a direct mechanistic link. CONCLUSION Attenuating MT detyrosination in mdx CMs restored INa and enhanced Nav1.5 localization at the LM crest and ID. Hence, the reduced whole-cell INa density characteristic of mdx CMs is not only the consequence of the lack of dystrophin within the LM grooves but is also due to reduced Nav1.5 at the LM crest and ID secondary to increased baseline MT detyrosination. Overall, our findings identify MT detyrosination as a potential therapeutic target for modulating INa and subcellular Nav1.5 distribution in pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Nasilli
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Heart Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Cardiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Tanja M de Waal
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Heart Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard A Marchal
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Heart Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giorgia Bertoli
- Division of Cardiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Marieke W Veldkamp
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Heart Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eli Rothenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 450 E 29TH ST Alexandria Center for Life Science, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Simona Casini
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Heart Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carol Ann Remme
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Heart Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Gutiérrez LK, Moreno-Manuel AI, Jalife J. Kir2.1-Na V1.5 channelosome and its role in arrhythmias in inheritable cardiac diseases. Heart Rhythm 2024; 21:630-646. [PMID: 38244712 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Sudden cardiac death in children and young adults is a relatively rare but tragic event whose pathophysiology is unknown at the molecular level. Evidence indicates that the main cardiac sodium channel (NaV1.5) and the strong inward rectifier potassium channel (Kir2.1) physically interact and form macromolecular complexes (channelosomes) with common partners, including adapter, scaffolding, and regulatory proteins that help them traffic together to their eventual membrane microdomains. Most important, dysfunction of either or both ion channels has direct links to hereditary human diseases. For example, certain mutations in the KCNJ2 gene encoding the Kir2.1 protein result in Andersen-Tawil syndrome type 1 and alter both inward rectifier potassium and sodium inward currents. Similarly, trafficking-deficient mutations in the gene encoding the NaV1.5 protein (SCN5A) result in Brugada syndrome and may also disturb both inward rectifier potassium and sodium inward currents. Moreover, gain-of-function mutations in KCNJ2 result in short QT syndrome type 3, which is extremely rare but highly arrhythmogenic, and can modify Kir2.1-NaV1.5 interactions in a mutation-specific way, further highlighting the relevance of channelosomes in ion channel diseases. By expressing mutant proteins that interrupt or modify Kir2.1 or NaV1.5 function in animal models and patient-specific pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, investigators are defining for the first time the mechanistic framework of how mutation-induced dysregulation of the Kir2.1-NaV1.5 channelosome affects cardiac excitability, resulting in arrhythmias and sudden death in different cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian K Gutiérrez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José Jalife
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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3
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Wu MY, Lee AS, Lin YN, Chung WH, Chen KW, Lu CR, Chen YF, Chang CM, Tsai WC, Shiao YT, Chen CH, Chang KC. Role of low-density lipoprotein electronegativity and sexual dimorphism in contributing early ventricular tachyarrhythmias following ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1285068. [PMID: 38500756 PMCID: PMC10944913 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1285068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Early ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (VT/VF) in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has higher morbidity and mortality. This study examines gender-differentiated risk factors and underlying mechanisms for early onset VT/VF in STEMI. Methods We analyzed data from 2,964 consecutive STEMI patients between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2021. Early VT/VF was defined as occurrence of spontaneous VT/VF of ≥30 s or requirement of immediate cardioversion/defibrillation within the first 48 h after symptoms. An ex vivo ischemic-reperfusion experiments were conducted in 8-week-old ApoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet to explore the underlying mechanisms of early VT/VF. Results In 255 of out 2,964 STEMI patients who experienced early VT/VF, the age was younger (58.6 ± 13.8 vs. 61.0 ± 13.0 years old, P = 0.008) with a male predominance. The plasma levels of L5, the most electronegative subclass of low-density lipoprotein, was higher in early VT/VF patients compared to those without early VT/VF (n = 21, L5: 14.1 ± 22.6% vs. n = 46, L5: 4.3 ± 9.9%, P = 0.016). In the experimental setup, all male mice (n = 4) developed VT/VF post sham operation, whereas no such incidence was observed in the female mice (n = 3). Significantly, male mice exhibited considerably slower cardiac conduction velocity as compared to their female counterparts in whole heart preparations (25.01 ± 0.93 cm/s vs.42.32 ± 5.70 cm/s, P < 0.001), despite analogous action potential durations. Furthermore, isolated ventricular myocytes from male mice showed a distinctly lower sodium current density (-29.20 ± 3.04 pA/pF, n = 6) in comparison to female mice (-114.05 ± 6.41 pA/pF, n = 6, P < 0.001). This decreased sodium current density was paralleled by a reduced membrane expression of Nav1.5 protein (0.38 ± 0.06 vs. 0.89 ± 0.09 A.U., P < 0.001) and increased cytosolic Nav1.5 levels (0.59 ± 0.06 vs. 0.29 ± 0.04 A.U., P = 0.001) in male mice. Furthermore, it was observed that the overall expressions of sorting nexin 27 (SNX27) and vacuolar protein sorting 26 (VPS26) were significantly diminished in male mice as compared to female littermates (0.91 ± 0.15 vs. 1.70 ± 0.28, P = 0.02 and 0.74 ± 0.09 vs. 1.57 ± 0.13, P < 0.01, respectively). Conclusions Our findings reveal that male STEMI patients with early VT/VF are associated with elevated L5 levels. The gender-based discrepancy in early VT/VF predisposition might be due to compromised sodium channel trafficking, possibly linked with increased LDL electronegativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yao Wu
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - An-Sheng Lee
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Nien Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsin Chung
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Wei Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Ray Lu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Fang Chen
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ming Chang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tzone Shiao
- Center of Institutional Research and Development, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Huang Chen
- Vascular and Medicinal Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kuan-Cheng Chang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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4
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Weinberg SH. Sodium channel subpopulations with distinct biophysical properties and subcellular localization enhance cardiac conduction. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:e202313382. [PMID: 37285024 PMCID: PMC10250552 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202313382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium (Na+) current is responsible for the rapid depolarization of cardiac myocytes that triggers the cardiac action potential upstroke. Recent studies have illustrated the presence of multiple pools of Na+ channels with distinct biophysical properties and subcellular localization, including clustering of channels at the intercalated disk and along the lateral membrane. Computational studies predict that Na+ channel clusters at the intercalated disk can regulate cardiac conduction via modulation of the narrow intercellular cleft between electrically coupled myocytes. However, these studies have primarily focused on the redistribution of Na+ channels between intercalated disk and lateral membranes and have not considered the distinct biophysical properties of the Na+ channel subpopulations. In this study, we use computational modeling to simulate computational models of single cardiac cells and one-dimensional cardiac tissues and predict the function of distinct Na+ channel subpopulations. Single-cell simulations predict that a subpopulation of Na+ channels with shifted steady-state activation and inactivation voltage dependency promotes an earlier action potential upstroke. In cardiac tissues that account for distinct subcellular spatial localization, simulations predict that shifted Na+ channels contribute to faster and more robust conduction in response to changes in tissue structure (i.e., cleft width), gap junctional coupling, and rapid pacing rates. Simulations predict that the intercalated disk-localized shifted Na+ channels contribute proportionally more to total Na+ charge than lateral membrane-localized Na+ channels. Importantly, our work supports the hypothesis that Na+ channel redistribution may be a critical mechanism by which cells can respond to perturbations to support fast and robust conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth H. Weinberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Remme CA. SCN5A channelopathy: arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, epilepsy and beyond. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220164. [PMID: 37122208 PMCID: PMC10150216 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Influx of sodium ions through voltage-gated sodium channels in cardiomyocytes is essential for proper electrical conduction within the heart. Both acquired conditions associated with sodium channel dysfunction (myocardial ischaemia, heart failure) as well as inherited disorders secondary to mutations in the gene SCN5A encoding for the cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5 are associated with life-threatening arrhythmias. Research in the last decade has uncovered the complex nature of Nav1.5 distribution, function, in particular within distinct subcellular subdomains of cardiomyocytes. Nav1.5-based channels furthermore display previously unrecognized non-electrogenic actions and may impact on cardiac structural integrity, leading to cardiomyopathy. Moreover, SCN5A and Nav1.5 are expressed in cell types other than cardiomyocytes as well as various extracardiac tissues, where their functional role in, e.g. epilepsy, gastrointestinal motility, cancer and the innate immune response is increasingly investigated and recognized. This review provides an overview of these novel insights and how they deepen our mechanistic knowledge on SCN5A channelopathies and Nav1.5 (dys)function. This article is part of the theme issue 'The heartbeat: its molecular basis and physiological mechanisms'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Ann Remme
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Marchal GA, Remme CA. Subcellular diversity of Nav1.5 in cardiomyocytes: distinct functions, mechanisms and targets. J Physiol 2023; 601:941-960. [PMID: 36469003 DOI: 10.1113/jp283086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In cardiomyocytes, the rapid depolarisation of the membrane potential is mediated by the α-subunit of the cardiac voltage-gated Na+ channel (NaV 1.5), encoded by the gene SCN5A. This ion channel allows positively charged Na+ ions to enter the cardiomyocyte, resulting in the fast upstroke of the action potential and is therefore crucial for cardiac excitability and electrical propagation. This essential role is underscored by the fact that dysfunctional NaV 1.5 is associated with high risk for arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. However, development of therapeutic interventions regulating NaV 1.5 has been limited due to the complexity of NaV 1.5 structure and function and its diverse roles within the cardiomyocyte. In particular, research from the last decade has provided us with increased knowledge on the subcellular distribution of NaV 1.5 as well as the proteins which it interacts with in distinct cardiomyocyte microdomains. We here review these insights, detailing the potential role of NaV 1.5 within subcellular domains as well as its dysfunction in the setting of arrhythmia disorders. We furthermore provide an overview of current knowledge on the pathways involved in (microdomain-specific) trafficking of NaV 1.5, and their potential as novel targets. Unravelling the complexity of NaV 1.5 (dys)function may ultimately facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing lethal arrhythmias. This is not only of importance for pathophysiological conditions where sodium current is specifically decreased within certain subcellular regions, such as in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy and Duchenne muscular dystrophy, but also for other acquired and inherited disorders associated with NaV 1.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard A Marchal
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,National Institute of Optics, National Research Council (CNR-INO), Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Carol Ann Remme
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Zhang R, Liu J, Xue G, Yang J, Li D, Tian T, Zhang X, Gao K, Pan Z. Forced activation of dystrophin transcription by CRISPR/dCas9 reduced arrhythmia susceptibility via restoring membrane Nav1.5 distribution. Gene Ther 2023; 30:142-149. [PMID: 35644811 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-022-00348-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dystrophin deficiency due to genetic mutations causes cardiac abnormalities in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. Dystrophin is also shown to be downregulated in conventional failing hearts. Whether restoration of dystrophin expression possesses any therapeutic potential for conventional heart failure (HF) remains to be examined. HF mouse model was generated by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). In vivo activation of dystrophin transcription was achieved by tail-vein injection of adeno-associated virus 9 carrying CRISPR/dCas system for dystrophin. We found that activation of dystrophin expression in TAC mice significantly reduced the susceptibility to arrhythmia of TAC mice and the mortality rate. We further demonstrated that over-expression of dystrophin increased cardiac conduction of hearts in TAC mice by optical mapping evaluation. Activation of dystrophin expression also increased peak sodium current in isolated ventricular myocytes from hearts of TAC mice as recorded by the patch-clamp technique. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence showed that increased dystrophin transcription restored the membrane distribution of Nav1.5 in the hearts of TAC mice. In summary, correction of dystrophin downregulation by the CRISPR-dCas9 system reduced the susceptibility to arrhythmia of conventional HF mice through restoring Nav1.5 membrane distribution. This study paved the way to develop a new therapeutic strategy for HF-related ventricular arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education) at College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Junwu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education) at College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Genlong Xue
- Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education) at College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.,Institute of Heart and Vascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, and Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiming Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education) at College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Desheng Li
- Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education) at College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Tao Tian
- Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education) at College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education) at College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Kangyi Gao
- Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education) at College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Zhenwei Pan
- Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education) at College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China. .,Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 2019RU070, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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8
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Bahouth SW, Nooh MM, Mancarella S. Involvement of SAP97 anchored multiprotein complexes in regulating cardiorenal signaling and trafficking networks. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 208:115406. [PMID: 36596415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
SAP97 is a member of the MAGUK family of proteins, but unlike other MAGUK proteins that are selectively expressed in the CNS, SAP97 is also expressed in peripheral organs, like the heart and kidneys. SAP97 has several protein binding cassettes, and this review will describe their involvement in creating SAP97-anchored multiprotein networks. SAP97-anchored networks localized at the inner leaflet of the cell membrane play a major role in trafficking and targeting of membrane G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), channels, and structural proteins. SAP97 plays a major role in compartmentalizing voltage gated sodium and potassium channels to specific cellular compartments of heart cells. SAP97 undergoes extensive alternative splicing. These splice variants give rise to different SAP97 isoforms that alter its cellular localization, networking, signaling and trafficking effects. Regarding GPCR, SAP97 binds to the β1-adrenergic receptor and recruits AKAP5/PKA and PDE4D8 to create a multiprotein complex that regulates trafficking and signaling of cardiac β1-AR. In the kidneys, SAP97 anchored networks played a role in trafficking of aquaporin-2 water channels. Cardiac specific ablation of SAP97 (SAP97-cKO) resulted in cardiac hypertrophy and failure in aging mice. Similarly, instituting transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in young SAP97 c-KO mice exacerbated TAC-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. These findings highlight a critical role for SAP97 in the pathophysiology of a number of cardiac and renal diseases, suggesting that SAP97 is a relevant target for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleiman W Bahouth
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, The University of Tennessee-Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, United States.
| | - Mohammed M Nooh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Salvatore Mancarella
- Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee-Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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9
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Macías Á, González-Guerra A, Moreno-Manuel AI, Cruz FM, Gutiérrez LK, García-Quintáns N, Roche-Molina M, Bermúdez-Jiménez F, Andrés V, Vera-Pedrosa ML, Martínez-Carrascoso I, Bernal JA, Jalife J. Kir2.1 dysfunction at the sarcolemma and the sarcoplasmic reticulum causes arrhythmias in a mouse model of Andersen-Tawil syndrome type 1. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:900-917. [PMID: 39195979 PMCID: PMC11358039 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00145-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Andersen-Tawil syndrome type 1 (ATS1) is associated with life-threatening arrhythmias of unknown mechanism. In this study, we generated and characterized a mouse model of ATS1 carrying the trafficking-deficient mutant Kir2.1Δ314-315 channel. The mutant mouse recapitulates the electrophysiological phenotype of ATS1, with QT prolongation exacerbated by flecainide or isoproterenol, drug-induced QRS prolongation, increased vulnerability to reentrant arrhythmias and multifocal discharges resembling catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). Kir2.1Δ314-315 cardiomyocytes display significantly reduced inward rectifier K+ and Na+ currents, depolarized resting membrane potential and prolonged action potentials. We show that, in wild-type mouse cardiomyocytes and skeletal muscle cells, Kir2.1 channels localize to sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) microdomains, contributing to intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Kir2.1Δ314-315 cardiomyocytes exhibit defective SR Kir2.1 localization and function, as intact and permeabilized Kir2.1Δ314-315 cardiomyocytes display abnormal spontaneous Ca2+ release events. Overall, defective Kir2.1 channel function at the sarcolemma and the SR explain the life-threatening arrhythmias in ATS1 and its overlap with CPVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Macías
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Francisco M Cruz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lilian K Gutiérrez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marta Roche-Molina
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Vicente Andrés
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Juan A Bernal
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Jalife
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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10
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Bajaj A, Senthivel V, Bhoyar R, Jain A, Imran M, Rophina M, Divakar MK, Jolly B, Verma A, Mishra A, Sharma D, Deepti S, Sharma G, Bansal R, Yadav R, Scaria V, Naik N, Sivasubbu S. 1029 genomes of self-declared healthy individuals from India reveal prevalent and clinically relevant cardiac ion channelopathy variants. Hum Genomics 2022; 16:30. [PMID: 35932045 PMCID: PMC9354277 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-022-00402-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence and genetic spectrum of cardiac channelopathies exhibit population-specific differences. We aimed to understand the spectrum of cardiac channelopathy-associated variations in India, which is characterised by a genetically diverse population and is largely understudied in the context of these disorders. RESULTS We utilised the IndiGenomes dataset comprising 1029 whole genomes from self-declared healthy individuals as a template to filter variants in 36 genes known to cause cardiac channelopathies. Our analysis revealed 186,782 variants, of which we filtered 470 variants that were identified as possibly pathogenic (440 nonsynonymous, 30 high-confidence predicted loss of function ). About 26% (124 out of 470) of these variants were unique to the Indian population as they were not reported in the global population datasets and published literature. Classification of 470 variants by ACMG/AMP guidelines unveiled 13 pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants mapping to 19 out of the 1029 individuals. Further query of 53 probands in an independent cohort of cardiac channelopathy, using exome sequencing, revealed the presence of 3 out of the 13 P/LP variants. The identification of p.G179Sfs*62, p.R823W and c.420 + 2 T > C variants in KCNQ1, KCNH2 and CASQ2 genes, respectively, validate the significance of the P/LP variants in the context of clinical applicability as well as for large-scale population analysis. CONCLUSION A compendium of ACMG/AMP classified cardiac channelopathy variants in 1029 self-declared healthy Indian population was created. A conservative genotypic prevalence was estimated to be 0.9-1.8% which poses a huge public health burden for a country with large population size like India. In the majority of cases, these disorders are manageable and the risk of sudden cardiac death can be alleviated by appropriate lifestyle modifications as well as treatment regimens/clinical interventions. Clinical utility of the obtained variants was demonstrated using a cardiac channelopathy patient cohort. Our study emphasises the need for large-scale population screening to identify at-risk individuals and take preventive measures. However, we suggest cautious clinical interpretation to be exercised by taking other cardiac channelopathy risk factors into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Bajaj
- grid.417639.eCSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025 India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Vigneshwar Senthivel
- grid.417639.eCSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025 India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Rahul Bhoyar
- grid.417639.eCSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Abhinav Jain
- grid.417639.eCSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025 India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Mohamed Imran
- grid.417639.eCSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025 India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Mercy Rophina
- grid.417639.eCSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025 India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Mohit Kumar Divakar
- grid.417639.eCSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025 India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Bani Jolly
- grid.417639.eCSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025 India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Ankit Verma
- grid.417639.eCSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Anushree Mishra
- grid.417639.eCSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Disha Sharma
- grid.417639.eCSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025 India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Siddharthan Deepti
- grid.413618.90000 0004 1767 6103Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Gautam Sharma
- grid.413618.90000 0004 1767 6103Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Raghav Bansal
- grid.413618.90000 0004 1767 6103Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Rakesh Yadav
- grid.413618.90000 0004 1767 6103Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Vinod Scaria
- grid.417639.eCSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025 India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Nitish Naik
- grid.413618.90000 0004 1767 6103Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Sridhar Sivasubbu
- grid.417639.eCSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025 India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
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11
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Blackwell DJ, Schmeckpeper J, Knollmann BC. Animal Models to Study Cardiac Arrhythmias. Circ Res 2022; 130:1926-1964. [PMID: 35679367 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.320258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for 10% to 15% of all deaths. Although most arrhythmias are due to acquired heart disease, inherited channelopathies and cardiomyopathies disproportionately affect children and young adults. Arrhythmogenesis is complex, involving anatomic structure, ion channels and regulatory proteins, and the interplay between cells in the conduction system, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and the immune system. Animal models of arrhythmia are powerful tools for studying not only molecular and cellular mechanism of arrhythmogenesis but also more complex mechanisms at the whole heart level, and for testing therapeutic interventions. This review summarizes basic and clinical arrhythmia mechanisms followed by an in-depth review of published animal models of genetic and acquired arrhythmia disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Blackwell
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jeffrey Schmeckpeper
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Bjorn C Knollmann
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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12
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Zhao M, Han M, Liang L, Song Q, Li X, Du Y, Hu D, Cheng Y, Wang QK, Ke T. Mog1 deficiency promotes cardiac contractile dysfunction and isoproterenol-induced arrhythmias associated with cardiac fibrosis and Cx43 remodeling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166429. [PMID: 35533905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Our earlier studies identified MOG1 as a Nav1.5-binding protein that promotes Nav1.5 intracellular trafficking to plasma membranes. Genetic studies have identified MOG1 variants responsible for cardiac arrhythmias. However, the physiological functions of MOG1 in vivo remain incompletely characterized. In this study, we generated Mog1 knockout (Mog1-/-) mice. Mog1-/- mice did not develop spontaneous arrhythmias at the baseline, but exhibited a prolongation of QRS duration. Mog1-/- mice treated with isoproterenol (ISO), but not with flecainide, exhibited an increased risk of arrhythmias and even sudden death. Mog1-/- mice had normal cardiac morphology, however, LV systolic dysfunction was identified and associated with an increase in ventricular fibrosis. Whole-cell patch-clamping and Western blotting analysis clearly demonstrated the normal cardiac expression and function of Nav1.5 in Mog1-/- mice. Further RNA-seq and iTRAQ analysis identified critical pathways and genes, including extracellular matrix (Mmp2), gap junction (Gja1), and mitochondrial components that were dysregulated in Mog1-/- mice. RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence assays revealed reduced cardiac expression of Gja1 in Mog1-/- mice. Dye transfer assays confirmed impairment of gap-junction function; Cx43 gap-junction enhancer ZP123 decreased arrhythmia inducibility in ISO-treated Mog1-/- mice. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed abnormal sarcomere ultrastructure and altered mitochondrial morphology in Mog1-/- mice. Mitochondrial dynamics was found to be disturbed, and associated with a trend toward increased mitochondrial fusion in Mog1-/- mice. Meanwhile, the level of ATP supply was increased in the hearts of Mog1-/- mice. These results indicate that MOG1 plays an important role in cardiac electrophysiology and cardiac contractile function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhao
- Center for Human Genome Research, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Meng Han
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Kidney Diseases, Medical College, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Lina Liang
- Center for Human Genome Research, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Qixue Song
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055 Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Xia Li
- Center for Human Genome Research, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yimei Du
- Research Center of Ion Channelopathy, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Dongping Hu
- Center for Human Genome Research, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Center for Human Genome Research, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Qing K Wang
- Center for Human Genome Research, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - Tie Ke
- Center for Human Genome Research, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei Province, PR China.
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13
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Nguyen HX, Wu T, Needs D, Zhang H, Perelli RM, DeLuca S, Yang R, Pan M, Landstrom AP, Henriquez C, Bursac N. Engineered bacterial voltage-gated sodium channel platform for cardiac gene therapy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:620. [PMID: 35110560 PMCID: PMC8810800 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28251-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies for cardiac arrhythmias could greatly benefit from approaches to enhance electrical excitability and action potential conduction in the heart by stably overexpressing mammalian voltage-gated sodium channels. However, the large size of these channels precludes their incorporation into therapeutic viral vectors. Here, we report a platform utilizing small-size, codon-optimized engineered prokaryotic sodium channels (BacNav) driven by muscle-specific promoters that significantly enhance excitability and conduction in rat and human cardiomyocytes in vitro and adult cardiac tissues from multiple species in silico. We also show that the expression of BacNav significantly reduces occurrence of conduction block and reentrant arrhythmias in fibrotic cardiac cultures. Moreover, functional BacNav channels are stably expressed in healthy mouse hearts six weeks following intravenous injection of self-complementary adeno-associated virus (scAAV) without causing any adverse effects on cardiac electrophysiology. The large diversity of prokaryotic sodium channels and experimental-computational platform reported in this study should facilitate the development and evaluation of BacNav-based gene therapies for cardiac conduction disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung X Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tianyu Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel Needs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hengtao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robin M Perelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sophia DeLuca
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rachel Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrew P Landstrom
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Craig Henriquez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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14
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Blandin CE, Gravez BJ, Hatem SN, Balse E. Remodeling of Ion Channel Trafficking and Cardiac Arrhythmias. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092417. [PMID: 34572065 PMCID: PMC8468138 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Both inherited and acquired cardiac arrhythmias are often associated with the abnormal functional expression of ion channels at the cellular level. The complex machinery that continuously traffics, anchors, organizes, and recycles ion channels at the plasma membrane of a cardiomyocyte appears to be a major source of channel dysfunction during cardiac arrhythmias. This has been well established with the discovery of mutations in the genes encoding several ion channels and ion channel partners during inherited cardiac arrhythmias. Fibrosis, altered myocyte contacts, and post-transcriptional protein changes are common factors that disorganize normal channel trafficking during acquired cardiac arrhythmias. Channel availability, described notably for hERG and KV1.5 channels, could be another potent arrhythmogenic mechanism. From this molecular knowledge on cardiac arrhythmias will emerge novel antiarrhythmic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille E. Blandin
- INSERM, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, le Métabolisme et la Nutrition—UNITE 1166, Sorbonne Université, EQUIPE 3, F-75013 Paris, France; (C.E.B.); (B.J.G.); (S.N.H.)
| | - Basile J. Gravez
- INSERM, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, le Métabolisme et la Nutrition—UNITE 1166, Sorbonne Université, EQUIPE 3, F-75013 Paris, France; (C.E.B.); (B.J.G.); (S.N.H.)
| | - Stéphane N. Hatem
- INSERM, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, le Métabolisme et la Nutrition—UNITE 1166, Sorbonne Université, EQUIPE 3, F-75013 Paris, France; (C.E.B.); (B.J.G.); (S.N.H.)
- ICAN—Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Cardiology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Elise Balse
- INSERM, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, le Métabolisme et la Nutrition—UNITE 1166, Sorbonne Université, EQUIPE 3, F-75013 Paris, France; (C.E.B.); (B.J.G.); (S.N.H.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Rivaud MR, Delmar M, Remme CA. Heritable arrhythmia syndromes associated with abnormal cardiac sodium channel function: ionic and non-ionic mechanisms. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 116:1557-1570. [PMID: 32251506 PMCID: PMC7341171 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiac sodium channel NaV1.5, encoded by the SCN5A gene, is responsible for the fast upstroke of the action potential. Mutations in SCN5A may cause sodium channel dysfunction by decreasing peak sodium current, which slows conduction and facilitates reentry-based arrhythmias, and by enhancing late sodium current, which prolongs the action potential and sets the stage for early afterdepolarization and arrhythmias. Yet, some NaV1.5-related disorders, in particular structural abnormalities, cannot be directly or solely explained on the basis of defective NaV1.5 expression or biophysics. An emerging concept that may explain the large disease spectrum associated with SCN5A mutations centres around the multifunctionality of the NaV1.5 complex. In this alternative view, alterations in NaV1.5 affect processes that are independent of its canonical ion-conducting role. We here propose a novel classification of NaV1.5 (dys)function, categorized into (i) direct ionic effects of sodium influx through NaV1.5 on membrane potential and consequent action potential generation, (ii) indirect ionic effects of sodium influx on intracellular homeostasis and signalling, and (iii) non-ionic effects of NaV1.5, independent of sodium influx, through interactions with macromolecular complexes within the different microdomains of the cardiomyocyte. These indirect ionic and non-ionic processes may, acting alone or in concert, contribute significantly to arrhythmogenesis. Hence, further exploration of these multifunctional effects of NaV1.5 is essential for the development of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde R Rivaud
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC (location AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meigberdreef 15, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Delmar
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, 435 E 30th St, NSB 707, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Carol Ann Remme
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC (location AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meigberdreef 15, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Marchal GA, Jouni M, Chiang DY, Pérez-Hernández M, Podliesna S, Yu N, Casini S, Potet F, Veerman CC, Klerk M, Lodder EM, Mengarelli I, Guan K, Vanoye CG, Rothenberg E, Charpentier F, Redon R, George AL, Verkerk AO, Bezzina CR, MacRae CA, Burridge PW, Delmar M, Galjart N, Portero V, Remme CA. Targeting the Microtubule EB1-CLASP2 Complex Modulates Na V1.5 at Intercalated Discs. Circ Res 2021; 129:349-365. [PMID: 34092082 PMCID: PMC8298292 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard A Marchal
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC - location AMC, The Netherlands (G.A.M., S.P., S.C., C.C.V., E.M.L., I.M., A.O.V., C.R.B., V.P., C.A.R.)
| | - Mariam Jouni
- Department of Pharmacology, University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (M.J., F.P., C.G.V., A.L.G., P.W.B.)
| | - David Y Chiang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.Y.C., C.A.M.)
| | | | - Svitlana Podliesna
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC - location AMC, The Netherlands (G.A.M., S.P., S.C., C.C.V., E.M.L., I.M., A.O.V., C.R.B., V.P., C.A.R.)
| | - Nuo Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.Y., N.G.)
| | - Simona Casini
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC - location AMC, The Netherlands (G.A.M., S.P., S.C., C.C.V., E.M.L., I.M., A.O.V., C.R.B., V.P., C.A.R.)
| | - Franck Potet
- Department of Pharmacology, University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (M.J., F.P., C.G.V., A.L.G., P.W.B.)
| | - Christiaan C Veerman
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC - location AMC, The Netherlands (G.A.M., S.P., S.C., C.C.V., E.M.L., I.M., A.O.V., C.R.B., V.P., C.A.R.)
| | - Mischa Klerk
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC - location AMC, The Netherlands (M.K., A.O.V.)
| | - Elisabeth M Lodder
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC - location AMC, The Netherlands (G.A.M., S.P., S.C., C.C.V., E.M.L., I.M., A.O.V., C.R.B., V.P., C.A.R.)
| | - Isabella Mengarelli
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC - location AMC, The Netherlands (G.A.M., S.P., S.C., C.C.V., E.M.L., I.M., A.O.V., C.R.B., V.P., C.A.R.)
| | - Kaomei Guan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (K.G.)
| | - Carlos G Vanoye
- Department of Pharmacology, University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (M.J., F.P., C.G.V., A.L.G., P.W.B.)
| | - Eli Rothenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology (E.R.), NYU School of Medicine
| | - Flavien Charpentier
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (F.C., R.R., V.P.)
| | - Richard Redon
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (F.C., R.R., V.P.)
| | - Alfred L George
- Department of Pharmacology, University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (M.J., F.P., C.G.V., A.L.G., P.W.B.)
| | - Arie O Verkerk
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC - location AMC, The Netherlands (G.A.M., S.P., S.C., C.C.V., E.M.L., I.M., A.O.V., C.R.B., V.P., C.A.R.)
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC - location AMC, The Netherlands (M.K., A.O.V.)
| | - Connie R Bezzina
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC - location AMC, The Netherlands (G.A.M., S.P., S.C., C.C.V., E.M.L., I.M., A.O.V., C.R.B., V.P., C.A.R.)
| | - Calum A MacRae
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.Y.C., C.A.M.)
| | - Paul W Burridge
- Department of Pharmacology, University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (M.J., F.P., C.G.V., A.L.G., P.W.B.)
| | - Mario Delmar
- Division of Cardiology (M.P.-H., M.D.), NYU School of Medicine
| | - Niels Galjart
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.Y., N.G.)
| | - Vincent Portero
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC - location AMC, The Netherlands (G.A.M., S.P., S.C., C.C.V., E.M.L., I.M., A.O.V., C.R.B., V.P., C.A.R.)
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (F.C., R.R., V.P.)
| | - Carol Ann Remme
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC - location AMC, The Netherlands (G.A.M., S.P., S.C., C.C.V., E.M.L., I.M., A.O.V., C.R.B., V.P., C.A.R.)
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17
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Low human dystrophin levels prevent cardiac electrophysiological and structural remodelling in a Duchenne mouse model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9779. [PMID: 33963238 PMCID: PMC8105358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive neuromuscular disorder caused by loss of dystrophin. This lack also affects cardiac structure and function, and cardiovascular complications are a major cause of death in DMD. Newly developed therapies partially restore dystrophin expression. It is unclear whether this will be sufficient to prevent or ameliorate cardiac involvement in DMD. We here establish the cardiac electrophysiological and structural phenotype in young (2-3 months) and aged (6-13 months) dystrophin-deficient mdx mice expressing 100% human dystrophin (hDMD), 0% human dystrophin (hDMDdel52-null) or low levels (~ 5%) of human dystrophin (hDMDdel52-low). Compared to hDMD, young and aged hDMDdel52-null mice displayed conduction slowing and repolarisation abnormalities, while only aged hDMDdel52-null mice displayed increased myocardial fibrosis. Moreover, ventricular cardiomyocytes from young hDMDdel52-null animals displayed decreased sodium current and action potential (AP) upstroke velocity, and prolonged AP duration at 20% and 50% of repolarisation. Hence, cardiac electrical remodelling in hDMDdel52-null mice preceded development of structural alterations. In contrast to hDMDdel52-null, hDMDdel52-low mice showed similar electrophysiological and structural characteristics as hDMD, indicating prevention of the cardiac DMD phenotype by low levels of human dystrophin. Our findings are potentially relevant for the development of therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring dystrophin expression in DMD.
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18
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FAT10 protects against ischemia-induced ventricular arrhythmia by decreasing Nedd4-2/Nav1.5 complex formation. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:25. [PMID: 33414395 PMCID: PMC7790828 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03290-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The human leukocyte antigen F-associated transcript 10 (FAT10) is a member of the small ubiquitin-like protein family that binds to its target proteins and subjects them to degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). In the heart, FAT10 plays a cardioprotective role and affects predisposition to cardiac arrhythmias after myocardial ischemia (MI). However, whether and how FAT10 influences cardiac arrhythmias is unknown. We investigated the role of FAT10 in regulating the sodium channel Nav1.5, a major regulator of cardiac arrhythmias. Fat10 was conditionally deleted in cardiac myocytes using Myh6-Cre and Fat10F/F mice (cFat10-/-). Compared with their wild-type littermates, cFat10-/- mice showed prolonged RR, PR, and corrected QT (QTc) intervals, were more likely to develop ventricular arrhythmia, and had increased mortality after MI. Patch-clamp studies showed that the peak Na+ current was reduced, and the late Na+ current was significantly augmented, resulting in a decreased action potential amplitude and delayed depolarization. Immunoblot and immunofluorescence analyses showed that the expression of the membrane protein Nav1.5 was decreased. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that FAT10 stabilized Nav1.5 expression by antagonizing Nav1.5 ubiquitination and degradation. Specifically, FAT10 bound to the lysine residues in the C-terminal fragments of Nav1.5 and decreased the binding of Nav1.5 to the Nedd4-2 protein, a ubiquitin E3 ligase, preventing degradation of the Nav1.5 protein. Collectively, our findings showed that deletion of the Fat10 in cardiac myocytes led to increased cardiac arrhythmias and increased mortality after MI. Thus, FAT10 protects against ischemia-induced ventricular arrhythmia by binding to Nav1.5 and preventing its Neddylation and degradation by the UPS after MI.
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19
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Hu Y, Kaschitza DR, Essers M, Arullampalam P, Fujita T, Abriel H, Inoue R. Pathological activation of CaMKII induces arrhythmogenicity through TRPM4 overactivation. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:507-519. [PMID: 33392831 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02507-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
TRPM4 is a Ca2+-activated nonselective cation channel involved in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. Based on cellular experiments and numerical simulations, the present study aimed to explore the potential arrhythmogenicity of CaMKII-mediated TRPM4 channel overactivation linked to Ca2+ dysregulation in the heart. The confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, western blot, and proximity ligation assay (PLA) in HL-1 atrial cardiomyocytes and/or TRPM4-expressing TSA201 cells suggested that TRPM4 and CaMKII proteins are closely localized. Co-expression of TRPM4 and CaMKIIδ or a FRET-based sensor Camui in HEK293 cells showed that the extent of TRPM4 channel activation was correlated with that of CaMKII activity, suggesting their functional interaction. Both expressions and interaction of the two proteins were greatly enhanced by angiotensin II treatment, which induced early afterdepolarizations (EADs) at the repolarization phase of action potentials (APs) recorded from HL-1 cells by the current clamp mode of patch clamp technique. This arrhythmic change disappeared after treatment with the TRPM4 channel blocker 9-phenanthrol or CaMKII inhibitor KN-62. In order to quantitatively assess how CaMKII modulates the gating behavior of TRPM4 channel, the ionomycin-permeabilized cell-attached recording was employed to obtain the voltage-dependent parameters such as steady-state open probability and time constants for activation/deactivation at different [Ca2+]i. Numerical simulations incorporating these kinetic data into a modified HL-1 model indicated that > 3-fold increase in TRPM4 current density induces EADs at the late repolarization phase and CaMKII inhibition (by KN-62) completely eliminates them. These results collectively suggest a novel arrhythmogenic mechanism involving excessive CaMKII activity that causes TRPM4 overactivation in the stressed heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaopeng Hu
- Department of Physiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Daniela Ross Kaschitza
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maria Essers
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Prakash Arullampalam
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Takayuki Fujita
- Department of Physiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Hugues Abriel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ryuji Inoue
- Department of Physiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
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20
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Wang Z, Vermij SH, Sottas V, Shestak A, Ross-Kaschitza D, Zaklyazminskaya EV, Hudmon A, Pitt GS, Rougier JS, Abriel H. Calmodulin binds to the N-terminal domain of the cardiac sodium channel Na v1.5. Channels (Austin) 2020; 14:268-286. [PMID: 32815768 PMCID: PMC7515574 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2020.1805999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.5 conducts the rapid inward sodium current crucial for cardiomyocyte excitability. Loss-of-function mutations in its gene SCN5A are linked to cardiac arrhythmias such as Brugada Syndrome (BrS). Several BrS-associated mutations in the Nav1.5 N-terminal domain (NTD) exert a dominant-negative effect (DNE) on wild-type channel function, for which mechanisms remain poorly understood. We aim to contribute to the understanding of BrS pathophysiology by characterizing three mutations in the Nav1.5 NTD: Y87C-here newly identified-, R104W, and R121W. In addition, we hypothesize that the calcium sensor protein calmodulin is a new NTD binding partner. Recordings of whole-cell sodium currents in TsA-201 cells expressing WT and variant Nav1.5 showed that Y87C and R104W but not R121W exert a DNE on WT channels. Biotinylation assays revealed reduction in fully glycosylated Nav1.5 at the cell surface and in whole-cell lysates. Localization of Nav1.5 WT channel with the ER did not change in the presence of variants, as shown by transfected and stained rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. We demonstrated that calmodulin binds the Nav1.5 NTD using in silico modeling, SPOTS, pull-down, and proximity ligation assays. Calmodulin binding to the R121W variant and to a Nav1.5 construct missing residues 80-105, a predicted calmodulin-binding site, is impaired. In conclusion, we describe the new natural BrS Nav1.5 variant Y87C and present first evidence that calmodulin binds to the Nav1.5 NTD, which seems to be a determinant for the DNE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizun Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sarah H. Vermij
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Sottas
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Genetics, Lonza BioPharma Ltd, Visp, Switzerland
| | - Anna Shestak
- Ibex, Petrovskiy Russian Scientific Center of Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Andy Hudmon
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Geoffrey S. Pitt
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | | | - Hugues Abriel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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21
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Tsumoto K, Ashihara T, Naito N, Shimamoto T, Amano A, Kurata Y, Kurachi Y. Specific decreasing of Na + channel expression on the lateral membrane of cardiomyocytes causes fatal arrhythmias in Brugada syndrome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19964. [PMID: 33203944 PMCID: PMC7673036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76681-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced cardiac sodium (Na+) channel current (INa) resulting from the loss-of-function of Na+ channel is a major cause of lethal arrhythmias in Brugada syndrome (BrS). Inspired by previous experimental studies which showed that in heart diseases INa was reduced along with expression changes in Na+ channel within myocytes, we hypothesized that the local decrease in INa caused by the alteration in Na+ channel expression in myocytes leads to the occurrence of phase-2 reentry, the major triggering mechanism of lethal arrhythmias in BrS. We constructed in silico human ventricular myocardial strand and ring models, and examined whether the Na+ channel expression changes in each myocyte cause the phase-2 reentry in BrS. Reducing Na+ channel expression in the lateral membrane of each myocyte caused not only the notch-and-dome but also loss-of-dome type action potentials and slowed conduction, both of which are typically observed in BrS patients. Furthermore, the selective reduction in Na+ channels on the lateral membrane of each myocyte together with spatial tissue heterogeneity of Na+ channel expression caused the phase-2 reentry and phase-2 reentry-mediated reentrant arrhythmias. Our data suggest that the BrS phenotype is strongly influenced by expression abnormalities as well as genetic abnormalities of Na+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunichika Tsumoto
- Department of Physiology II, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, 920-0293, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Takashi Ashihara
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biomedical Engineering, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Narumi Naito
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Takao Shimamoto
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Akira Amano
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kurata
- Department of Physiology II, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kurachi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
- Glocal Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
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22
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Li W, Stauske M, Luo X, Wagner S, Vollrath M, Mehnert CS, Schubert M, Cyganek L, Chen S, Hasheminasab SM, Wulf G, El-Armouche A, Maier LS, Hasenfuss G, Guan K. Disease Phenotypes and Mechanisms of iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes From Brugada Syndrome Patients With a Loss-of-Function SCN5A Mutation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:592893. [PMID: 33195263 PMCID: PMC7642519 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.592893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brugada syndrome (BrS) is one of the major causes of sudden cardiac death in young people, while the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Here, we investigated the pathophysiological phenotypes and mechanisms using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) from two BrS patients (BrS-CMs) carrying a heterozygous SCN5A mutation p.S1812X. Compared to CMs derived from healthy controls (Ctrl-CMs), BrS-CMs displayed a 50% reduction of INa density, a 69.5% reduction of NaV1.5 expression, and the impaired localization of NaV1.5 and connexin 43 (Cx43) at the cell surface. BrS-CMs exhibited reduced action potential (AP) upstroke velocity and conduction slowing. The Ito in BrS-CMs was significantly augmented, and the ICaL window current probability was increased. Our data indicate that the electrophysiological mechanisms underlying arrhythmia in BrS-CMs may involve both depolarization and repolarization disorders. Cilostazol and milrinone showed dramatic inhibitions of Ito in BrS-CMs and alleviated the arrhythmic activity, suggesting their therapeutic potential for BrS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wener Li
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Stauske
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xiaojing Luo
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Meike Vollrath
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carola S Mehnert
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mario Schubert
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lukas Cyganek
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Simin Chen
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sayed-Mohammad Hasheminasab
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,CCU Translational Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Consortium Core-Center Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerald Wulf
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ali El-Armouche
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lars S Maier
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Clinic for Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuss
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kaomei Guan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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23
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Marchal GA, Verkerk AO, Mohan RA, Wolswinkel R, Boukens BJD, Remme CA. The sodium channel Na V 1.5 impacts on early murine embryonic cardiac development, structure and function in a non-electrogenic manner. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 230:e13493. [PMID: 32386467 PMCID: PMC7539970 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM The voltage-gated sodium channel NaV 1.5, encoded by SCN5A, is essential for cardiac excitability and ensures proper electrical conduction. Early embryonic death has been observed in several murine models carrying homozygous Scn5amutations. We investigated when sodium current (INa ) becomes functionally relevant in the murine embryonic heart and how Scn5a/NaV 1.5 dysfunction impacts on cardiac development. METHODS Involvement of NaV 1.5-generated INa in murine cardiac electrical function was assessed by optical mapping in wild type (WT) embryos (embryonic day (E)9.5 and E10.5) in the absence and presence of the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin (30 µmol/L). INa was assessed by patch-clamp analysis in cardiomyocytes isolated from WT embryos (E9.5-17.5). In addition, cardiac morphology and electrical function was assessed in Scn5a-1798insD-/- embryos (E9.5-10.5) and their WT littermates. RESULTS In WT embryos, tetrodotoxin did not affect cardiac activation at E9.5, but slowed activation at E10.5. Accordingly, patch-clamp measurements revealed that INa was virtually absent at E9.5 but robustly present at E10.5. Scn5a-1798insD-/- embryos died in utero around E10.5, displaying severely affected cardiac activation and morphology. Strikingly, altered ventricular activation was observed in Scn5a-1798insD-/- E9.5 embryos before the onset of INa , in addition to reduced cardiac tissue volume compared to WT littermates. CONCLUSION We here demonstrate that NaV 1.5 is involved in cardiac electrical function from E10.5 onwards. Scn5a-1798insD-/- embryos displayed cardiac structural abnormalities at E9.5, indicating that NaV 1.5 dysfunction impacts on embryonic cardiac development in a non-electrogenic manner. These findings are potentially relevant for understanding structural defects observed in relation to NaV 1.5 dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard A. Marchal
- Department of Experimental Cardiology Amsterdam UMC (location Academic Medical Center) Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Arie O. Verkerk
- Department of Experimental Cardiology Amsterdam UMC (location Academic Medical Center) Amsterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biology Amsterdam UMC (location Academic Medical Center) Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Rajiv A. Mohan
- Department of Experimental Cardiology Amsterdam UMC (location Academic Medical Center) Amsterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biology Amsterdam UMC (location Academic Medical Center) Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Rianne Wolswinkel
- Department of Experimental Cardiology Amsterdam UMC (location Academic Medical Center) Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan J. D. Boukens
- Department of Medical Biology Amsterdam UMC (location Academic Medical Center) Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Carol Ann Remme
- Department of Experimental Cardiology Amsterdam UMC (location Academic Medical Center) Amsterdam the Netherlands
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24
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Vermij SH, Rougier JS, Agulló-Pascual E, Rothenberg E, Delmar M, Abriel H. Single-Molecule Localization of the Cardiac Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Reveals Different Modes of Reorganization at Cardiomyocyte Membrane Domains. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2020; 13:e008241. [PMID: 32536203 PMCID: PMC7368852 DOI: 10.1161/circep.119.008241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the gene encoding the cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.5 cause various cardiac arrhythmias. This variety may arise from different determinants of Nav1.5 expression between cardiomyocyte domains. At the lateral membrane and T-tubules, Nav1.5 localization and function remain insufficiently characterized. METHODS We used novel single-molecule localization microscopy and computational modeling to define nanoscale features of Nav1.5 localization and distribution at the lateral membrane, the lateral membrane groove, and T-tubules in cardiomyocytes from wild-type (N=3), dystrophin-deficient (mdx; N=3) mice, and mice expressing C-terminally truncated Nav1.5 (ΔSIV; N=3). We moreover assessed T-tubules sodium current by recording whole-cell sodium currents in control (N=5) and detubulated (N=5) wild-type cardiomyocytes. RESULTS We show that Nav1.5 organizes as distinct clusters in the groove and T-tubules which density, distribution, and organization partially depend on SIV and dystrophin. We found that overall reduction in Nav1.5 expression in mdx and ΔSIV cells results in a nonuniform redistribution with Nav1.5 being specifically reduced at the groove of ΔSIV and increased in T-tubules of mdx cardiomyocytes. A T-tubules sodium current could, however, not be demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS Nav1.5 mutations may site-specifically affect Nav1.5 localization and distribution at the lateral membrane and T-tubules, depending on site-specific interacting proteins. Future research efforts should elucidate the functional consequences of this redistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H Vermij
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland (S.H.V., J.-S.R., H.A.)
| | - Jean-Sébastien Rougier
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland (S.H.V., J.-S.R., H.A.)
| | | | - Eli Rothenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology (E.R.), New York University School of Medicine, NY
| | - Mario Delmar
- Department of Cardiology (M.D.), New York University School of Medicine, NY
| | - Hugues Abriel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland (S.H.V., J.-S.R., H.A.)
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25
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Musa H, Marcou CA, Herron TJ, Makara MA, Tester DJ, O'Connell RP, Rosinski B, Guerrero-Serna G, Milstein ML, Monteiro da Rocha A, Ye D, Crotti L, Nesterenko VV, Castelletti S, Torchio M, Kotta MC, Dagradi F, Antzelevitch C, Mohler PJ, Schwartz PJ, Ackerman MJ, Anumonwo JM. Abnormal myocardial expression of SAP97 is associated with arrhythmogenic risk. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H1357-H1370. [PMID: 32196358 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00481.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Synapse-associated protein 97 (SAP97) is a scaffolding protein crucial for the functional expression of several cardiac ion channels and therefore proper cardiac excitability. Alterations in the functional expression of SAP97 can modify the ionic currents underlying the cardiac action potential and consequently confer susceptibility for arrhythmogenesis. In this study, we generated a murine model for inducible, cardiac-targeted Sap97 ablation to investigate arrhythmia susceptibility and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, we sought to identify human SAP97 (DLG1) variants that were associated with inherited arrhythmogenic disease. The murine model of cardiac-specific Sap97 ablation demonstrated several ECG abnormalities, pronounced action potential prolongation subject to high incidence of arrhythmogenic afterdepolarizations and notable alterations in the activity of the main cardiac ion channels. However, no DLG1 mutations were found in 40 unrelated cases of genetically elusive long QT syndrome (LQTS). Instead, we provide the first evidence implicating a gain of function in human DLG1 mutation resulting in an increase in Kv4.3 current (Ito) as a novel, potentially pathogenic substrate for Brugada syndrome (BrS). In conclusion, DLG1 joins a growing list of genes encoding ion channel interacting proteins (ChIPs) identified as potential channelopathy-susceptibility genes because of their ability to regulate the trafficking, targeting, and modulation of ion channels that are critical for the generation and propagation of the cardiac electrical impulse. Dysfunction in these critical components of cardiac excitability can potentially result in fatal cardiac disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The gene encoding SAP97 (DLG1) joins a growing list of genes encoding ion channel-interacting proteins (ChIPs) identified as potential channelopathy-susceptibility genes because of their ability to regulate the trafficking, targeting, and modulation of ion channels that are critical for the generation and propagation of the cardiac electrical impulse. In this study we provide the first data supporting DLG1-encoded SAP97's candidacy as a minor Brugada syndrome susceptibility gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Musa
- Departments of Internal Medicine and of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiovascular) and of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Cherisse A Marcou
- Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics; and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Todd J Herron
- Departments of Internal Medicine and of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiovascular) and of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Michael A Makara
- Departments of Internal Medicine and of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - David J Tester
- Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics; and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ryan P O'Connell
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiovascular) and of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Brad Rosinski
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiovascular) and of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Guadalupe Guerrero-Serna
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiovascular) and of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Michelle L Milstein
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiovascular) and of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - André Monteiro da Rocha
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiovascular) and of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Dan Ye
- Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics; and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lia Crotti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Castelletti
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Torchio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria-Christina Kotta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Dagradi
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Peter J Mohler
- Departments of Internal Medicine and of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Peter J Schwartz
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy
| | - Michael J Ackerman
- Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics; and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Justus M Anumonwo
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiovascular) and of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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26
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Vermij SH, Abriel H, Kucera JP. Modeling Depolarization Delay, Sodium Currents, and Electrical Potentials in Cardiac Transverse Tubules. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1487. [PMID: 31920695 PMCID: PMC6916517 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
T-tubules are invaginations of the lateral membrane of striated muscle cells that provide a large surface for ion channels and signaling proteins, thereby supporting excitation–contraction coupling. T-tubules are often remodeled in heart failure. To better understand the electrical behavior of T-tubules of cardiac cells in health and disease, this study addresses two largely unanswered questions regarding their electrical properties: (1) the delay of T-tubular membrane depolarization and (2) the effects of T-tubular sodium current on T-tubular potentials. Here, we present an elementary computational model to determine the delay in depolarization of deep T-tubular membrane segments as the narrow T-tubular lumen provides resistance against the extracellular current. We compare healthy tubules to tubules with constrictions and diseased tubules from mouse and human, and conclude that constrictions greatly delay T-tubular depolarization, while diseased T-tubules depolarize faster than healthy ones due to tubule widening. Increasing the tubule length non-linearly delays the depolarization. We moreover model the effect of T-tubular sodium current on intraluminal T-tubular potentials. We observe that extracellular potentials become negative during the sodium current transient (up to −40 mV in constricted T-tubules), which feedbacks on sodium channel function (self-attenuation) in a manner resembling ephaptic effects that have been described for intercalated discs where opposing membranes are very close together. The intraluminal potential and sodium current self-attenuation however greatly depend on sodium current conductance. These results show that (1) the changes in passive electrical properties of remodeled T-tubules cannot explain the excitation–contraction coupling defects in diseased cells; and (2) the sodium current may modulate intraluminal potentials. Such extracellular potentials might also affect excitation–contraction coupling and macroscopic conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Helena Vermij
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hugues Abriel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Eshed-Eisenbach Y, Peles E. The clustering of voltage-gated sodium channels in various excitable membranes. Dev Neurobiol 2020; 81:427-437. [PMID: 31859465 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In excitable membranes, the clustering of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) serves to enhance excitability at critical sites. The two most profoundly studied sites of channel clustering are the axon initial segment, where action potentials are generated and the node of Ranvier, where action potentials propagate along myelinated axons. The clustering of VGSC is found, however, in other highly excitable sites such as axonal terminals, postsynaptic membranes of dendrites and muscle fibers, and pre-myelinated axons. In this review, different examples of axonal as well as non-axonal clustering of VGSC are discussed and the underlying mechanisms are compared. Whether the clustering of channels is intrinsically or extrinsically induced, it depends on the submembranous actin-based cytoskeleton that organizes these highly specialized membrane microdomains through specific adaptor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Eshed-Eisenbach
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elior Peles
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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28
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Dystrophin and calcium current are decreased in cardiomyocytes expressing Cre enzyme driven by αMHC but not TNT promoter. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19422. [PMID: 31857666 PMCID: PMC6923407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55950-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cre/lox system is a potent technology to control gene expression in mouse tissues. However, cardiac-specific Cre recombinase expression alone can lead to cardiac alterations when no loxP sites are present, which is not well understood. Many loxP-like sites have been identified in the mouse genome that might be Cre sensitive. One of them is located in the Dmd gene encoding dystrophin, a protein important for the function and stabilization of voltage-gated calcium (Cav1.2) and sodium (Nav1.5) channels, respectively. Here, we investigate whether Cre affects dystrophin expression and function in hearts without loxP sites in the genome. In mice expressing Cre under the alpha-myosin heavy chain (MHC-Cre) or Troponin T (TNT-Cre) promoter, we investigated dystrophin expression, Nav1.5 expression, and Cav1.2 function. Compared to age-matched MHC-Cre- mice, dystrophin protein level was significantly decreased in hearts from MHC-Cre+ mice of more than 12-weeks-old. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed decreased mRNA levels of Dmd gene. Unexpectedly, calcium current (ICaL), but not Nav1.5 protein expression was altered in those mice. Surprisingly, in hearts from 12-week-old and older TNT-Cre+ mice, neither ICaL nor dystrophin and Nav1.5 protein content were altered compared to TNT-Cre-. Cre recombinase unpredictably affects cardiac phenotype, and Cre-expressing mouse models should be carefully investigated before experimental use.
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29
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Dahimene S, Page KM, Kadurin I, Ferron L, Ho DY, Powell GT, Pratt WS, Wilson SW, Dolphin AC. The α 2δ-like Protein Cachd1 Increases N-type Calcium Currents and Cell Surface Expression and Competes with α 2δ-1. Cell Rep 2019; 25:1610-1621.e5. [PMID: 30404013 PMCID: PMC6231325 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channel auxiliary α2δ subunits are important for channel trafficking and function. Here, we compare the effects of α2δ-1 and an α2δ-like protein called Cachd1 on neuronal N-type (CaV2.2) channels, which are important in neurotransmission. Previous structural studies show the α2δ-1 VWA domain interacting with the first loop in CaV1.1 domain-I via its metal ion-dependent adhesion site (MIDAS) motif and additional Cache domain interactions. Cachd1 has a disrupted MIDAS motif. However, Cachd1 increases CaV2.2 currents substantially (although less than α2δ-1) and increases CaV2.2 cell surface expression by reducing endocytosis. Although the effects of α2δ-1 are abolished by mutation of Asp122 in CaV2.2 domain-I, which mediates interaction with its VWA domain, the Cachd1 responses are unaffected. Furthermore, Cachd1 co-immunoprecipitates with CaV2.2 and inhibits co-immunoprecipitation of α2δ-1 by CaV2.2. Cachd1 also competes with α2δ-1 for effects on trafficking. Thus, Cachd1 influences both CaV2.2 trafficking and function and can inhibit responses to α2δ-1. Cachd1 enhances CaV2.2 currents and increases CaV2.2 surface expression Effects of Cachd1 are not prevented by mutation in CaV2.2 VWA interaction site The effects of α2δ-1 are prevented by the same mutation in CaV2.2 Cachd1 competes with α2δ-1 for its effects on CaV2.2
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehrazade Dahimene
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Karen M Page
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ivan Kadurin
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Laurent Ferron
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Dominique Y Ho
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Gareth T Powell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Wendy S Pratt
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Stephen W Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Annette C Dolphin
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Schmidt C, Wiedmann F, El-Battrawy I, Fritz M, Ratte A, Beller CJ, Lang S, Rudic B, Schimpf R, Akin I, Karck M, Borggrefe M, Katus HA, Zhou XB, Thomas D. Reduced Na + Current in Native Cardiomyocytes of a Brugada Syndrome Patient Associated With β-2-Syntrophin Mutation. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2019; 11:e002263. [PMID: 30571189 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.118.002263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Schmidt
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg (C.S., F.W., A.R., H.A.K., D.T.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University Hospital Heidelberg (C.S., F.W., I.E.-B., S.L., B.R., R.S., I.A., M.B., H.A.K., X.-B.Z., D.T.).,HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), University Hospital Heidelberg (C.S., F.W., A.R. H.A.K., D.T.)
| | - Felix Wiedmann
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg (C.S., F.W., A.R., H.A.K., D.T.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University Hospital Heidelberg (C.S., F.W., I.E.-B., S.L., B.R., R.S., I.A., M.B., H.A.K., X.-B.Z., D.T.).,HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), University Hospital Heidelberg (C.S., F.W., A.R. H.A.K., D.T.)
| | - Ibrahim El-Battrawy
- HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), University Hospital Heidelberg (C.S., F.W., A.R. H.A.K., D.T.).,First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Germany (I.E.-B., S.L., B.R., R.S., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z.)
| | - Markus Fritz
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg (M.F., C.J.B., M.K.)
| | - Antonius Ratte
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg (C.S., F.W., A.R., H.A.K., D.T.).,HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), University Hospital Heidelberg (C.S., F.W., A.R. H.A.K., D.T.)
| | - Carsten J Beller
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg (M.F., C.J.B., M.K.)
| | - Siegfried Lang
- HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), University Hospital Heidelberg (C.S., F.W., A.R. H.A.K., D.T.).,First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Germany (I.E.-B., S.L., B.R., R.S., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z.)
| | - Boris Rudic
- HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), University Hospital Heidelberg (C.S., F.W., A.R. H.A.K., D.T.).,First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Germany (I.E.-B., S.L., B.R., R.S., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z.)
| | - Rainer Schimpf
- HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), University Hospital Heidelberg (C.S., F.W., A.R. H.A.K., D.T.).,First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Germany (I.E.-B., S.L., B.R., R.S., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z.)
| | - Ibrahim Akin
- HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), University Hospital Heidelberg (C.S., F.W., A.R. H.A.K., D.T.).,First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Germany (I.E.-B., S.L., B.R., R.S., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z.)
| | - Matthias Karck
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg (M.F., C.J.B., M.K.)
| | - Martin Borggrefe
- HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), University Hospital Heidelberg (C.S., F.W., A.R. H.A.K., D.T.).,First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Germany (I.E.-B., S.L., B.R., R.S., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z.)
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg (C.S., F.W., A.R., H.A.K., D.T.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University Hospital Heidelberg (C.S., F.W., I.E.-B., S.L., B.R., R.S., I.A., M.B., H.A.K., X.-B.Z., D.T.).,HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), University Hospital Heidelberg (C.S., F.W., A.R. H.A.K., D.T.)
| | - Xiao-Bo Zhou
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University Hospital Heidelberg (C.S., F.W., I.E.-B., S.L., B.R., R.S., I.A., M.B., H.A.K., X.-B.Z., D.T.).,First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Germany (I.E.-B., S.L., B.R., R.S., I.A., M.B., X.-B.Z.)
| | - Dierk Thomas
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg (C.S., F.W., A.R., H.A.K., D.T.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University Hospital Heidelberg (C.S., F.W., I.E.-B., S.L., B.R., R.S., I.A., M.B., H.A.K., X.-B.Z., D.T.).,HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), University Hospital Heidelberg (C.S., F.W., A.R. H.A.K., D.T.)
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31
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Kim MJ, Whitehead NP, Bible KL, Adams ME, Froehner SC. Mice lacking α-, β1- and β2-syntrophins exhibit diminished function and reduced dystrophin expression in both cardiac and skeletal muscle. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:386-395. [PMID: 30256963 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Syntrophins are a family of modular adaptor proteins that are part of the dystrophin protein complex, where they recruit and anchor a variety of signaling proteins. Previously we generated mice lacking α- and/or β2-syntrophin but showed that in the absence of one isoform, other syntrophin isoforms can partially compensate. Therefore, in the current study, we generated mice that lacked α, β1 and β2-syntrophins [triple syntrophin knockout (tKO) mice] and assessed skeletal and cardiac muscle function. The tKO mice showed a profound reduction in voluntary wheel running activity at both 6 and 12 months of age. Function of the tibialis anterior was assessed in situ and we found that the specific force of tKO muscle was decreased by 20-25% compared with wild-type mice. This decrease was accompanied by a shift in fiber-type composition from fast 2B to more oxidative fast 2A fibers. Using echocardiography to measure cardiac function, it was revealed that tKO hearts had left ventricular cardiac dysfunction and were hypertrophic, with a thicker left ventricular posterior wall. Interestingly, we also found that membrane-localized dystrophin expression was lower in both skeletal and cardiac muscles of tKO mice. Since dystrophin mRNA levels were not different in tKO, this finding suggests that syntrophins may regulate dystrophin trafficking to, or stabilization at, the sarcolemma. These results show that the loss of all three major muscle syntrophins has a profound effect on exercise performance, and skeletal and cardiac muscle dysfunction contributes to this deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas P Whitehead
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kenneth L Bible
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marvin E Adams
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stanley C Froehner
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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32
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A fundamental evaluation of the electrical properties and function of cardiac transverse tubules. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1867:118502. [PMID: 31269418 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This work discusses active and passive electrical properties of transverse (T-)tubules in ventricular cardiomyocytes to understand the physiological roles of T-tubules. T-tubules are invaginations of the lateral membrane that provide a large surface for calcium-handling proteins to facilitate sarcomere shortening. Higher heart rates correlate with higher T-tubular densities in mammalian ventricular cardiomyocytes. We assess ion dynamics in T-tubules and the effects of sodium current in T-tubules on the extracellular potential, which leads to a partial reduction of the sodium current in deep segments of a T-tubule. We moreover reflect on the impact of T-tubules on macroscopic conduction velocity, integrating fundamental principles of action potential propagation and conduction. We also theoretically assess how the conduction velocity is affected by different T-tubular sodium current densities. Lastly, we critically assess literature on ion channel expression to determine whether action potentials can be initiated in T-tubules.
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33
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Rougier JS, Essers MC, Gillet L, Guichard S, Sonntag S, Shmerling D, Abriel H. A Distinct Pool of Na v1.5 Channels at the Lateral Membrane of Murine Ventricular Cardiomyocytes. Front Physiol 2019; 10:834. [PMID: 31333492 PMCID: PMC6619393 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In cardiac ventricular muscle cells, the presence of voltage-gated sodium channels Nav1.5 at the lateral membrane depends in part on the interaction between the dystrophin–syntrophin complex and the Nav1.5 C-terminal PDZ-domain-binding sequence Ser-Ile-Val (SIV motif). α1-Syntrophin, a PDZ-domain adaptor protein, mediates the interaction between Nav1.5 and dystrophin at the lateral membrane of cardiac cells. Using the cell-attached patch-clamp approach on cardiomyocytes expressing Nav1.5 in which the SIV motif is deleted (ΔSIV), sodium current (INa) recordings from the lateral membrane revealed a SIV-motif-independent INa. Since immunostaining has suggested that Nav1.5 is expressed in transverse (T-) tubules, this remaining INa might be carried by channels in the T-tubules. Of note, a recent study using heterologous expression systems showed that α1-syntrophin also interacts with the Nav1.5 N-terminus, which may explain the SIV-motif independent INa at the lateral membrane of cardiomyocytes. Aim: To address the role of α1-syntrophin in regulating the INa at the lateral membrane of cardiac cells. Methods and Results: Patch-clamp experiments in cell-attached configuration were performed on the lateral membranes of wild-type, α1-syntrophin knockdown, and ΔSIV ventricular mouse cardiomyocytes. Compared to wild-type, a reduction of the lateral INa was observed in myocytes from α1-syntrophin knockdown hearts. Similar to ΔSIV myocytes, a remaining INa was still recorded. In addition, cell-attached INa recordings from lateral membrane did not differ significantly between non-detubulated and detubulated ΔSIV cardiomyocytes. Lastly, we obtained evidence suggesting that cell-attached patch-clamp experiments on the lateral membrane cannot record currents carried by channels in T-tubules such as calcium channels. Conclusion: Altogether, these results suggest the presence of a sub-pool of sodium channels at the lateral membrane of cardiomyocytes that is independent of α1-syntrophin and the PDZ-binding motif of Nav1.5, located in membrane domains outside of T-tubules. The question of a T-tubular pool of Nav1.5 channels, however, remains open.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria C Essers
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ludovic Gillet
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Guichard
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Hugues Abriel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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34
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Abstract
All proteins end with a carboxyl terminus that has unique biophysical properties and is often disordered. Although there are examples of important C-termini functions, a more global role for the C-terminus is not yet established. In this review, we summarize research on C-termini, a unique region in proteins that cells exploit. Alternative splicing and proteolysis increase the diversity of proteins and peptides in cells with unique C-termini. The C-termini of proteins contain minimotifs, short peptides with an encoded function generally characterized as binding, posttranslational modifications, and trafficking. Many of these activities are specific to minimotifs on the C-terminus. Approximately 13% of C-termini in the human proteome have a known minimotif, and the majority, if not all of the remaining termini have conserved motifs inferring a function that remains to be discovered. C-termini, their predictions, and their functions are collated in the C-terminome, Proteus, and Terminus Oriented Protein Function INferred Database (TopFIND) database/web systems. Many C-termini are well conserved, and some have a known role in health and disease. We envision that this summary of C-termini will guide future investigation of their biochemical and physiological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Sharma
- a Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine and School of Life Sciences , University of Nevada , Las Vegas , NV , USA
| | - Martin R Schiller
- a Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine and School of Life Sciences , University of Nevada , Las Vegas , NV , USA
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35
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Fux JE, Mehta A, Moffat J, Spafford JD. Eukaryotic Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels: On Their Origins, Asymmetries, Losses, Diversification and Adaptations. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1406. [PMID: 30519187 PMCID: PMC6259924 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The appearance of voltage-gated, sodium-selective channels with rapid gating kinetics was a limiting factor in the evolution of nervous systems. Two rounds of domain duplications generated a common 24 transmembrane segment (4 × 6 TM) template that is shared amongst voltage-gated sodium (Nav1 and Nav2) and calcium channels (Cav1, Cav2, and Cav3) and leak channel (NALCN) plus homologs from yeast, different single-cell protists (heterokont and unikont) and algae (green and brown). A shared architecture in 4 × 6 TM channels include an asymmetrical arrangement of extended extracellular L5/L6 turrets containing a 4-0-2-2 pattern of cysteines, glycosylated residues, a universally short III-IV cytoplasmic linker and often a recognizable, C-terminal PDZ binding motif. Six intron splice junctions are conserved in the first domain, including a rare U12-type of the minor spliceosome provides support for a shared heritage for sodium and calcium channels, and a separate lineage for NALCN. The asymmetrically arranged pores of 4x6 TM channels allows for a changeable ion selectivity by means of a single lysine residue change in the high field strength site of the ion selectivity filter in Domains II or III. Multicellularity and the appearance of systems was an impetus for Nav1 channels to adapt to sodium ion selectivity and fast ion gating. A non-selective, and slowly gating Nav2 channel homolog in single cell eukaryotes, predate the diversification of Nav1 channels from a basal homolog in a common ancestor to extant cnidarians to the nine vertebrate Nav1.x channel genes plus Nax. A close kinship between Nav2 and Nav1 homologs is evident in the sharing of most (twenty) intron splice junctions. Different metazoan groups have lost their Nav1 channel genes altogether, while vertebrates rapidly expanded their gene numbers. The expansion in vertebrate Nav1 channel genes fills unique functional niches and generates overlapping properties contributing to redundancies. Specific nervous system adaptations include cytoplasmic linkers with phosphorylation sites and tethered elements to protein assemblies in First Initial Segments and nodes of Ranvier. Analogous accessory beta subunit appeared alongside Nav1 channels within different animal sub-phyla. Nav1 channels contribute to pace-making as persistent or resurgent currents, the former which is widespread across animals, while the latter is a likely vertebrate adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Fux
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Amrit Mehta
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Jack Moffat
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - J David Spafford
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Yoo S, Aistrup G, Shiferaw Y, Ng J, Mohler PJ, Hund TJ, Waugh T, Browne S, Gussak G, Gilani M, Knight BP, Passman R, Goldberger JJ, Wasserstrom JA, Arora R. Oxidative stress creates a unique, CaMKII-mediated substrate for atrial fibrillation in heart failure. JCI Insight 2018; 3:120728. [PMID: 30385719 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.120728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise mechanisms by which oxidative stress (OS) causes atrial fibrillation (AF) are not known. Since AF frequently originates in the posterior left atrium (PLA), we hypothesized that OS, via calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) signaling, creates a fertile substrate in the PLA for triggered activity and reentry. In a canine heart failure (HF) model, OS generation and oxidized-CaMKII-induced (Ox-CaMKII-induced) RyR2 and Nav1.5 signaling were increased preferentially in the PLA (compared with left atrial appendage). Triggered Ca2+ waves (TCWs) in HF PLA myocytes were particularly sensitive to acute ROS inhibition. Computational modeling confirmed a direct relationship between OS/CaMKII signaling and TCW generation. CaMKII phosphorylated Nav1.5 (CaMKII-p-Nav1.5 [S571]) was located preferentially at the intercalated disc (ID), being nearly absent at the lateral membrane. Furthermore, a decrease in ankyrin-G (AnkG) in HF led to patchy dropout of CaMKII-p-Nav1.5 at the ID, causing its distribution to become spatially heterogeneous; this corresponded to preferential slowing and inhomogeneity of conduction noted in the HF PLA. Computational modeling illustrated how conduction slowing (e.g., due to increase in CaMKII-p-Nav1.5) interacts with fibrosis to cause reentry in the PLA. We conclude that OS via CaMKII leads to substrate for triggered activity and reentry in HF PLA by mechanisms independent of but complementary to fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Yoo
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research and Renal Institute, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gary Aistrup
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research and Renal Institute, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yohannes Shiferaw
- Department of Physics, California State University, Northridge, California, USA
| | - Jason Ng
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research and Renal Institute, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter J Mohler
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas J Hund
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Trent Waugh
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research and Renal Institute, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Suzanne Browne
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research and Renal Institute, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Georg Gussak
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research and Renal Institute, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mehul Gilani
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research and Renal Institute, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bradley P Knight
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research and Renal Institute, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rod Passman
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research and Renal Institute, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Goldberger
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research and Renal Institute, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - J Andrew Wasserstrom
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research and Renal Institute, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rishi Arora
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research and Renal Institute, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Voltage-Dependent Sarcolemmal Ion Channel Abnormalities in the Dystrophin-Deficient Heart. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113296. [PMID: 30360568 PMCID: PMC6274787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding for the intracellular protein dystrophin cause severe forms of muscular dystrophy. These so-called dystrophinopathies are characterized by skeletal muscle weakness and degeneration. Dystrophin deficiency also gives rise to considerable complications in the heart, including cardiomyopathy development and arrhythmias. The current understanding of the pathomechanisms in the dystrophic heart is limited, but there is growing evidence that dysfunctional voltage-dependent ion channels in dystrophin-deficient cardiomyocytes play a significant role. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge about abnormalities in voltage-dependent sarcolemmal ion channel properties in the dystrophic heart, and discuss the potentially underlying mechanisms, as well as their pathophysiological relevance.
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Abstract
Activation of the electrical signal and its transmission as a depolarizing wave in the whole heart requires highly organized myocyte architecture and cell-cell contacts. In addition, complex trafficking and anchoring intracellular machineries regulate the proper surface expression of channels and their targeting to distinct membrane domains. An increasing list of proteins, lipids, and second messengers can contribute to the normal targeting of ion channels in cardiac myocytes. However, their precise roles in the electrophysiology of the heart are far from been extensively understood. Nowadays, much effort in the field focuses on understanding the mechanisms that regulate ion channel targeting to sarcolemma microdomains and their organization into macromolecular complexes. The purpose of the present section is to provide an overview of the characterized partners of the main cardiac sodium channel, NaV1.5, involved in regulating the functional expression of this channel both in terms of trafficking and targeting into microdomains.
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Han D, Tan H, Sun C, Li G. Dysfunctional Nav1.5 channels due to SCN5A mutations. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:852-863. [PMID: 29806494 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218777972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated sodium channel 1.5 (Nav1.5), encoded by the SCN5A gene, is responsible for the rising phase of the action potential of cardiomyocytes. The sodium current mediated by Nav1.5 consists of peak and late components (INa-P and INa-L). Mutant Nav1.5 causes alterations in the peak and late sodium current and is associated with an increasingly wide range of congenital arrhythmias. More than 400 mutations have been identified in the SCN5A gene. Although the mechanisms of SCN5A mutations leading to a variety of arrhythmias can be classified according to the alteration of INa-P and INa-L as gain-of-function, loss-of-function and both, few researchers have summarized the mechanisms in this way before. In this review article, we aim to review the mechanisms underlying dysfunctional Nav1.5 due to SCN5A mutations and to provide some new insights into further approaches in the treatment of arrhythmias. Impact statement The field of ion channelopathy caused by dysfunctional Nav1.5 due to SCN5A mutations is rapidly evolving as novel technologies of electrophysiology are introduced and our understanding of the mechanisms of various arrhythmias develops. In this review, we focus on the dysfunctional Nav1.5 related to arrhythmias and the underlying mechanisms. We update SCN5A mutations in a precise way since 2013 and presents novel classifications of SCN5A mutations responsible for the dysfunction of the peak (INa-P) and late (INa-L) sodium channels based on their phenotypes, including loss-, gain-, and coexistence of gain- and loss-of function mutations in INa-P, INa-L, respectively. We hope this review will provide a new comprehensive way to better understand the electrophysiological mechanisms underlying arrhythmias from cell to bedside, promoting the management of various arrhythmias in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Han
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Hui Tan
- 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chaofeng Sun
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Guoliang Li
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
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Leyva-Leyva M, Sandoval A, Felix R, González-Ramírez R. Biochemical and Functional Interplay Between Ion Channels and the Components of the Dystrophin-Associated Glycoprotein Complex. J Membr Biol 2018; 251:535-550. [PMID: 29779049 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-018-0036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dystrophin is a cytoskeleton-linked membrane protein that binds to a larger multiprotein assembly called the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex (DGC). The deficiency of dystrophin or the components of the DGC results in the loss of connection between the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix with significant pathophysiological implications in skeletal and cardiac muscle as well as in the nervous system. Although the DGC plays an important role in maintaining membrane stability, it can also be considered as a versatile and flexible molecular complex that contribute to the cellular organization and dynamics of a variety of proteins at specific locations in the plasma membrane. This review deals with the role of the DGC in transmembrane signaling by forming supramolecular assemblies for regulating ion channel localization and activity. These interactions are relevant for cell homeostasis, and its alterations may play a significant role in the etiology and pathogenesis of various disorders affecting muscle and nerve function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Leyva-Leyva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, "Dr. Manuel Gea González" General Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Sandoval
- Faculty of Superior Studies Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Felix
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Ricardo González-Ramírez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, "Dr. Manuel Gea González" General Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Edokobi N, Isom LL. Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel β1/β1B Subunits Regulate Cardiac Physiology and Pathophysiology. Front Physiol 2018; 9:351. [PMID: 29740331 PMCID: PMC5924814 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac myocyte contraction is initiated by a set of intricately orchestrated electrical impulses, collectively known as action potentials (APs). Voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs) are responsible for the upstroke and propagation of APs in excitable cells, including cardiomyocytes. NaVs consist of a single, pore-forming α subunit and two different β subunits. The β subunits are multifunctional cell adhesion molecules and channel modulators that have cell type and subcellular domain specific functional effects. Variants in SCN1B, the gene encoding the Nav-β1 and -β1B subunits, are linked to atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, e.g., Brugada syndrome, as well as to the early infantile epileptic encephalopathy Dravet syndrome, all of which put patients at risk for sudden death. Evidence over the past two decades has demonstrated that Nav-β1/β1B subunits play critical roles in cardiac myocyte physiology, in which they regulate tetrodotoxin-resistant and -sensitive sodium currents, potassium currents, and calcium handling, and that Nav-β1/β1B subunit dysfunction generates substrates for arrhythmias. This review will highlight the role of Nav-β1/β1B subunits in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lori L. Isom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Ponce-Balbuena D, Guerrero-Serna G, Valdivia CR, Caballero R, Diez-Guerra FJ, Jiménez-Vázquez EN, Ramírez RJ, Monteiro da Rocha A, Herron TJ, Campbell KF, Willis BC, Alvarado FJ, Zarzoso M, Kaur K, Pérez-Hernández M, Matamoros M, Valdivia HH, Delpón E, Jalife J. Cardiac Kir2.1 and Na V1.5 Channels Traffic Together to the Sarcolemma to Control Excitability. Circ Res 2018. [PMID: 29514831 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.311872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE In cardiomyocytes, NaV1.5 and Kir2.1 channels interact dynamically as part of membrane bound macromolecular complexes. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to test whether NaV1.5 and Kir2.1 preassemble during early forward trafficking and travel together to common membrane microdomains. METHODS AND RESULTS In patch-clamp experiments, coexpression of trafficking-deficient mutants Kir2.1Δ314-315 or Kir2.1R44A/R46A with wild-type (WT) NaV1.5WT in heterologous cells reduced inward sodium current compared with NaV1.5WT alone or coexpressed with Kir2.1WT. In cell surface biotinylation experiments, expression of Kir2.1Δ314-315 reduced NaV1.5 channel surface expression. Glycosylation analysis suggested that NaV1.5WT and Kir2.1WT channels associate early in their biosynthetic pathway, and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments demonstrated that coexpression with Kir2.1 increased cytoplasmic mobility of NaV1.5WT, and vice versa, whereas coexpression with Kir2.1Δ314-315 reduced mobility of both channels. Viral gene transfer of Kir2.1Δ314-315 in adult rat ventricular myocytes and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes reduced inward rectifier potassium current and inward sodium current, maximum diastolic potential and action potential depolarization rate, and increased action potential duration. On immunostaining, the AP1 (adaptor protein complex 1) colocalized with NaV1.5WT and Kir2.1WT within areas corresponding to t-tubules and intercalated discs. Like Kir2.1WT, NaV1.5WT coimmunoprecipitated with AP1. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that NaV1.5WT channels interact with AP1 through the NaV1.5Y1810 residue, suggesting that, like for Kir2.1WT, AP1 can mark NaV1.5 channels for incorporation into clathrin-coated vesicles at the trans-Golgi. Silencing the AP1 ϒ-adaptin subunit in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes reduced inward rectifier potassium current, inward sodium current, and maximum diastolic potential and impaired rate-dependent action potential duration adaptation. CONCLUSIONS The NaV1.5-Kir2.1 macromolecular complex pre-assembles early in the forward trafficking pathway. Therefore, disruption of Kir2.1 trafficking in cardiomyocytes affects trafficking of NaV1.5, which may have important implications in the mechanisms of arrhythmias in inheritable cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ponce-Balbuena
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Arrhythmia Research (D.P.-B., G.G.-S., C.R.V., E.N.J.-V., R.J.R., A.M.d.R., T.J.H., K.F.C., B.C.W., M.Z., K.K., H.H.V., J.J.)
| | - Guadalupe Guerrero-Serna
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Arrhythmia Research (D.P.-B., G.G.-S., C.R.V., E.N.J.-V., R.J.R., A.M.d.R., T.J.H., K.F.C., B.C.W., M.Z., K.K., H.H.V., J.J.)
| | - Carmen R Valdivia
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Arrhythmia Research (D.P.-B., G.G.-S., C.R.V., E.N.J.-V., R.J.R., A.M.d.R., T.J.H., K.F.C., B.C.W., M.Z., K.K., H.H.V., J.J.)
| | - Ricardo Caballero
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (R.C., M.P.-H., M.M., E.D.).,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (R.C., M.P.-H., M.M., E.D.)
| | - F Javier Diez-Guerra
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain (F.J.D.-G.)
| | - Eric N Jiménez-Vázquez
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Arrhythmia Research (D.P.-B., G.G.-S., C.R.V., E.N.J.-V., R.J.R., A.M.d.R., T.J.H., K.F.C., B.C.W., M.Z., K.K., H.H.V., J.J.)
| | - Rafael J Ramírez
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Arrhythmia Research (D.P.-B., G.G.-S., C.R.V., E.N.J.-V., R.J.R., A.M.d.R., T.J.H., K.F.C., B.C.W., M.Z., K.K., H.H.V., J.J.)
| | - André Monteiro da Rocha
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Arrhythmia Research (D.P.-B., G.G.-S., C.R.V., E.N.J.-V., R.J.R., A.M.d.R., T.J.H., K.F.C., B.C.W., M.Z., K.K., H.H.V., J.J.)
| | - Todd J Herron
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Arrhythmia Research (D.P.-B., G.G.-S., C.R.V., E.N.J.-V., R.J.R., A.M.d.R., T.J.H., K.F.C., B.C.W., M.Z., K.K., H.H.V., J.J.)
| | - Katherine F Campbell
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Arrhythmia Research (D.P.-B., G.G.-S., C.R.V., E.N.J.-V., R.J.R., A.M.d.R., T.J.H., K.F.C., B.C.W., M.Z., K.K., H.H.V., J.J.)
| | - B Cicero Willis
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Arrhythmia Research (D.P.-B., G.G.-S., C.R.V., E.N.J.-V., R.J.R., A.M.d.R., T.J.H., K.F.C., B.C.W., M.Z., K.K., H.H.V., J.J.)
| | | | - Manuel Zarzoso
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Arrhythmia Research (D.P.-B., G.G.-S., C.R.V., E.N.J.-V., R.J.R., A.M.d.R., T.J.H., K.F.C., B.C.W., M.Z., K.K., H.H.V., J.J.)
| | - Kuljeet Kaur
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Arrhythmia Research (D.P.-B., G.G.-S., C.R.V., E.N.J.-V., R.J.R., A.M.d.R., T.J.H., K.F.C., B.C.W., M.Z., K.K., H.H.V., J.J.)
| | - Marta Pérez-Hernández
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (R.C., M.P.-H., M.M., E.D.).,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (R.C., M.P.-H., M.M., E.D.)
| | - Marcos Matamoros
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (R.C., M.P.-H., M.M., E.D.).,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (R.C., M.P.-H., M.M., E.D.)
| | - Héctor H Valdivia
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Arrhythmia Research (D.P.-B., G.G.-S., C.R.V., E.N.J.-V., R.J.R., A.M.d.R., T.J.H., K.F.C., B.C.W., M.Z., K.K., H.H.V., J.J.).,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (F.J.A., H.H.V.)
| | - Eva Delpón
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (R.C., M.P.-H., M.M., E.D.).,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (R.C., M.P.-H., M.M., E.D.)
| | - José Jalife
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Arrhythmia Research (D.P.-B., G.G.-S., C.R.V., E.N.J.-V., R.J.R., A.M.d.R., T.J.H., K.F.C., B.C.W., M.Z., K.K., H.H.V., J.J.) .,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (J.J.).,CIBERV, Madrid, Spain (J.J.)
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Abstract
Although the mechanism of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in heart failure is not completely known, genetic variations are known to play key roles in this process. Increasing numbers of mutations and variants are being discovered through genome-wide association studies. The genetic variations involved in the mechanisms of SCD have aroused widespread concern. Comprehensive understanding of the genetic variations involved in SCD may help prevent it. To this end, we briefly reviewed the genetic variations involved in SCD and their associations and interactions, and observed that cardiac ion channels are the core molecules involved in this process. Genetic variations involved in cardiac structure, cardiogenesis and development, cell division and differentiation, and DNA replication and transcription are all speculated to be loci involved in SCD. Additionally, the systems involved in neurohumoral regulation as well as substance and energy metabolism are also potentially responsible for susceptibility to SCD. They form an elaborate network and mutually interact with each other to govern the fate of SCD-susceptible individuals.
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44
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Na V Channels: Assaying Biosynthesis, Trafficking, Function. Methods Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 29264805 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7553-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Integral to the cell surface is channels, pumps, and exchanger proteins that facilitate the movement of ions across the membrane. Ion channels facilitate the passive movement of ions down an electrochemical gradient. Ion pumps actively use energy to actively translocate ions, often against concentration or voltage gradients, while ion exchangers utilize energy to couple the transport of different ion species such that one ion moves down its gradient and the released free energy is used to drive the movement of a different ion against its electrochemical gradient. Some ion pumps and exchangers may be electrogenic, i.e., the ion transport they support is not electrically neutral and generates a current. Functions of these pore-forming membrane proteins include the establishment of membrane potentials, gating of ions flows across the cell membrane to elicit action potentials and other electrical signals, as well as the regulation of cell volumes. The major forms of ion channels include voltage-, ligand-, and signal-gated channels. In this review, we describe mammalian voltage dependent Na (NaV) channels.
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45
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Rivaud MR, Agullo-Pascual E, Lin X, Leo-Macias A, Zhang M, Rothenberg E, Bezzina CR, Delmar M, Remme CA. Sodium Channel Remodeling in Subcellular Microdomains of Murine Failing Cardiomyocytes. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:e007622. [PMID: 29222390 PMCID: PMC5779058 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac sodium channel (NaV1.5) dysfunction contributes to arrhythmogenesis during pathophysiological conditions. Nav1.5 localizes to distinct subcellular microdomains within the cardiomyocyte, where it associates with region-specific proteins, yielding complexes whose function is location specific. We herein investigated sodium channel remodeling within distinct cardiomyocyte microdomains during heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice were subjected to 6 weeks of transverse aortic constriction (TAC; n=32) to induce heart failure. Sham-operated on mice were used as controls (n=20). TAC led to reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, QRS prolongation, increased heart mass, and upregulation of prohypertrophic genes. Whole-cell sodium current (INa) density was decreased by 30% in TAC versus sham-operated on cardiomyocytes. On macropatch analysis, INa in TAC cardiomyocytes was reduced by 50% at the lateral membrane (LM) and by 40% at the intercalated disc. Electron microscopy and scanning ion conductance microscopy revealed remodeling of the intercalated disc (replacement of [inter-]plicate regions by large foldings) and LM (less identifiable T tubules and reduced Z-groove ratios). Using scanning ion conductance microscopy, cell-attached recordings in LM subdomains revealed decreased INa and increased late openings specifically at the crest of TAC cardiomyocytes, but not in groove/T tubules. Failing cardiomyocytes displayed a denser, but more stable, microtubule network (demonstrated by increased α-tubulin and Glu-tubulin expression). Superresolution microscopy showed reduced average NaV1.5 cluster size at the LM of TAC cells, in line with reduced INa. CONCLUSIONS Heart failure induces structural remodeling of the intercalated disc, LM, and microtubule network in cardiomyocytes. These adaptations are accompanied by alterations in NaV1.5 clustering and INa within distinct subcellular microdomains of failing cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde R Rivaud
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Division of Cardiology, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Xianming Lin
- Division of Cardiology, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Mingliang Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Eli Rothenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU-School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Connie R Bezzina
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mario Delmar
- Division of Cardiology, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Carol Ann Remme
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Ion channels as part of macromolecular multiprotein complexes : Clinical significance. Herzschrittmacherther Elektrophysiol 2017; 29:30-35. [PMID: 29214349 PMCID: PMC5846830 DOI: 10.1007/s00399-017-0542-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels and Ca2+-handling proteins involved in the regulation of cardiac electrophysiology and contractility are organized in macromolecular multiprotein complexes. Recent molecular and cellular studies have significantly enhanced our understanding of the composition of these macromolecular complexes and have helped to elucidate their role in the dynamic regulation of ion channel function. Moreover, it has become clear that alterations in the composition of ion channel macromolecular complexes, for example, due to genetic mutations or acquired alterations in the expression of individual components, may lead to ion channel dysfunction and arrhythmogenesis. Here, we review novel insights into the composition of the major ion channel macromolecular complexes and discuss the potential clinical significance of alterations in these dynamic multiprotein structures.
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47
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Utrilla RG, Nieto-Marín P, Alfayate S, Tinaquero D, Matamoros M, Pérez-Hernández M, Sacristán S, Ondo L, de Andrés R, Díez-Guerra FJ, Tamargo J, Delpón E, Caballero R. Kir2.1-Nav1.5 Channel Complexes Are Differently Regulated than Kir2.1 and Nav1.5 Channels Alone. Front Physiol 2017; 8:903. [PMID: 29184507 PMCID: PMC5694551 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac Kir2.1 and Nav1.5 channels generate the inward rectifier K+ (IK1) and the Na+ (INa) currents, respectively. There is a mutual interplay between the ventricular INa and IK1 densities, because Nav1.5 and Kir2.1 channels exhibit positive reciprocal modulation. Here we compared some of the biological properties of Nav1.5 and Kir2.1 channels when they are expressed together or separately to get further insights regarding their putative interaction. First we demonstrated by proximity ligation assays (PLAs) that in the membrane of ventricular myocytes Nav1.5 and Kir2.1 proteins are in close proximity to each other (<40 nm apart). Furthermore, intracellular dialysis with anti-Nav1.5 and anti-Kir2.1 antibodies suggested that these channels form complexes. Patch-clamp experiments in heterologous transfection systems demonstrated that the inhibition of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) decreased the INa and the IK1 generated by Nav1.5 and Kir2.1 channels when they were coexpressed, but not the IK1 generated by Kir2.1 channels alone, suggesting that complexes, but not Kir2.1 channels, are a substrate of CaMKII. Furthermore, inhibition of CaMKII precluded the interaction between Nav1.5 and Kir2.1 channels. Inhibition of 14-3-3 proteins did not modify the INa and IK1 densities generated by each channel separately, whereas it decreased the INa and IK1 generated when they were coexpressed. However, inhibition of 14-3-3 proteins did not abolish the Nav1.5-Kir2.1 interaction. Inhibition of dynamin-dependent endocytosis reduced the internalization of Kir2.1 but not of Nav1.5 or Kir2.1-Nav1.5 complexes. Inhibition of cytoskeleton-dependent vesicular trafficking via the dynein/dynactin motor increased the IK1, but reduced the INa, thus suggesting that the dynein/dynactin motor is preferentially involved in the backward and forward traffic of Kir2.1 and Nav1.5, respectively. Conversely, the dynein/dynactin motor participated in the forward movement of Kir2.1-Nav1.5 complexes. Ubiquitination by Nedd4-2 ubiquitin-protein ligase promoted the Nav1.5 degradation by the proteasome, but not that of Kir2.1 channels. Importantly, the Kir2.1-Nav1.5 complexes were degraded following this route as demonstrated by the overexpression of Nedd4-2 and the inhibition of the proteasome with MG132. These results suggested that Kir2.1 and Nav1.5 channels closely interact with each other leading to the formation of a pool of complexed channels whose biology is similar to that of the Nav1.5 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel G Utrilla
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Nieto-Marín
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Alfayate
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Tinaquero
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos Matamoros
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez-Hernández
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lorena Ondo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel de Andrés
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Javier Díez-Guerra
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Tamargo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Delpón
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Caballero
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
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48
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Te Riele ASJM, Agullo-Pascual E, James CA, Leo-Macias A, Cerrone M, Zhang M, Lin X, Lin B, Sobreira NL, Amat-Alarcon N, Marsman RF, Murray B, Tichnell C, van der Heijden JF, Dooijes D, van Veen TAB, Tandri H, Fowler SJ, Hauer RNW, Tomaselli G, van den Berg MP, Taylor MRG, Brun F, Sinagra G, Wilde AAM, Mestroni L, Bezzina CR, Calkins H, Peter van Tintelen J, Bu L, Delmar M, Judge DP. Multilevel analyses of SCN5A mutations in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy suggest non-canonical mechanisms for disease pathogenesis. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:102-111. [PMID: 28069705 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C) is often associated with desmosomal mutations. Recent studies suggest an interaction between the desmosome and sodium channel protein Nav1.5. We aimed to determine the prevalence and biophysical properties of mutations in SCN5A (the gene encoding Nav1.5) in ARVD/C. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed whole-exome sequencing in six ARVD/C patients (33% male, 38.2 ± 12.1 years) without a desmosomal mutation. We found a rare missense variant (p.Arg1898His; R1898H) in SCN5A in one patient. We generated induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hIPSC-CMs) from the patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The variant was then corrected (R1898R) using Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/Cas9 technology, allowing us to study the impact of the R1898H substitution in the same cellular background. Whole-cell patch clamping revealed a 36% reduction in peak sodium current (P = 0.002); super-resolution fluorescence microscopy showed reduced abundance of NaV1.5 (P = 0.005) and N-Cadherin (P = 0.026) clusters at the intercalated disc. Subsequently, we sequenced SCN5A in an additional 281 ARVD/C patients (60% male, 34.8 ± 13.7 years, 52% desmosomal mutation-carriers). Five (1.8%) subjects harboured a putatively pathogenic SCN5A variant (p.Tyr416Cys, p.Leu729del, p.Arg1623Ter, p.Ser1787Asn, and p.Val2016Met). SCN5A variants were associated with prolonged QRS duration (119 ± 15 vs. 94 ± 14 ms, P < 0.01) and all SCN5A variant carriers had major structural abnormalities on cardiac imaging. CONCLUSIONS Almost 2% of ARVD/C patients harbour rare SCN5A variants. For one of these variants, we demonstrated reduced sodium current, Nav1.5 and N-Cadherin clusters at junctional sites. This suggests that Nav1.5 is in a functional complex with adhesion molecules, and reveals potential non-canonical mechanisms by which Nav1.5 dysfunction causes cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneline S J M Te Riele
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Division of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Netherlands Heart Institute, Moreelsepark 1, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Esperanza Agullo-Pascual
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cynthia A James
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alejandra Leo-Macias
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marina Cerrone
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xianming Lin
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bin Lin
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nara L Sobreira
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nuria Amat-Alarcon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roos F Marsman
- Heart Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Brittney Murray
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Crystal Tichnell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeroen F van der Heijden
- Division of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis Dooijes
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Toon A B van Veen
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Yalelaan 50, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Harikrishna Tandri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven J Fowler
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard N W Hauer
- Division of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Netherlands Heart Institute, Moreelsepark 1, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gordon Tomaselli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maarten P van den Berg
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Matthew R G Taylor
- Cardiovascular Institute and Adult Medical Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, 12605 E 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Francesca Brun
- Cardiovascular Department, Ospedali Riuniti and University of Trieste, Via Farneto 3, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Cardiovascular Department, Ospedali Riuniti and University of Trieste, Via Farneto 3, Trieste, Italy
| | - Arthur A M Wilde
- Heart Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Luisa Mestroni
- Cardiovascular Institute and Adult Medical Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, 12605 E 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Connie R Bezzina
- Heart Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hugh Calkins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Peter van Tintelen
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lei Bu
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mario Delmar
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel P Judge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, USA;
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49
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Zuppinger C, Gibbons G, Dutta-Passecker P, Segiser A, Most H, Suter TM. Characterization of cytoskeleton features and maturation status of cultured human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Eur J Histochem 2017; 61:2763. [PMID: 28735524 PMCID: PMC5484009 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2017.2763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent innovations in stem cell technologies and the availability of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have opened new possibilities for studies and drug testing on human cardiomyocytes in vitro. Still, there are concerns about the precise nature of such 'reprogrammed' cells. We have performed an investigation using immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy on several cellular features using commercially available hiPSC-CMs. For some selected developmentally regulated or cardiac chamber-specific proteins, we have compared the results from hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes with freshly isolated, ventricular cardiomyocytes from adult rats. The results show that all typical cardiac proteins are expressed in these hiPSC-CMs. Furthermore, intercalated disc-like structures, calcium cycling proteins, and myofibrils are present. However, some of these proteins are only known from early developmental stages of the ventricular myocardium or the diseased adult heart. A heterogeneous expression pattern in the cell population was noted for some muscle proteins, such as for myosin light chains, or incomplete organization in sarcomeres, such as for telethonin. These observations indicate that hiPSC-CMs can be considered genuine human cardiomyocytes of an early developmental state. The here described marker proteins of maturation may become instrumental in future studies attempting the improvement of cardiomyocyte in vitro models.
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50
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Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) are critical determinants of cellular electrical activity through the control of initiation and propagation of action potential. To ensure this role, these proteins are not consistently delivered to the plasma membrane but undergo drastic quality controls throughout various adaptive processes such as biosynthesis, anterograde and retrograde trafficking, and membrane targeting. In pathological conditions, this quality control could lead to the retention of functional VGSC and is therefore the target of different pharmacological approaches. The present chapter gives an overview of the current understanding of the facets of VGSC life cycle in the context of both cardiac and neuronal cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mercier
- Laboratoire de Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Pôle Biologie Santé, Université de Poitiers, CNRS, 1 rue Georges Bonnet, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - P Bois
- Laboratoire de Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Pôle Biologie Santé, Université de Poitiers, CNRS, 1 rue Georges Bonnet, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - A Chatelier
- Laboratoire de Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Pôle Biologie Santé, Université de Poitiers, CNRS, 1 rue Georges Bonnet, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France.
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