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Liang D, Huang S, Ding R. Effects of belimumab on the lipid profile in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: an observational study. Clin Rheumatol 2024; 43:2513-2520. [PMID: 38877375 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-024-07029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
This study is asked to investigate the effects of belimumab on the lipid profile in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Forty-one SLE patients who received at least 6 months of belimumab treatment were retrospectively analyzed. The control group consisted of 56 age- and sex-matched lupus patients not treated with belimumab. The changes in lipid profile after a 6-month treatment were compared between the two groups. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) analyses were performed to examine lipid levels longitudinally during the period and the effect of clinical response variables and medication on the lipid profile in the belimumab group. In the belimumab group, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels increased significantly after the 6-month treatment (P = 0.02). After 1 month, HDL, apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) significantly increased by 13.8 and 11.4%, compared with baseline, respectively. After 3 months, HDL and apoA-I increased by 9.0 and 7.1%, respectively. After 6 months, HDL increased by 7.6% compared with baseline. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B did not change significantly over the course of treatment. GEE analyses indicated a significant association between HDL and disease activity indexes, such as IgG, anti-dsDNA, and complement C3. Subgroup analysis revealed significant changes in HDL only in patients who had achieved a ≥ 4-point reduction in SLEDAI-2 K after 6 months of belimumab treatment. Belimumab treatment may result in a long-term increase in HDL level in SLE patients by improving control of lupus activity. This might have beneficial effects on controlling cardiovascular risk in lupus patients. Key Points • Treatment with belimumab resulted in a significant and sustained increase in the HDL levels in SLE patients. • Significant changes in HDL were observed in lupus patients treated with belimumab who had a better clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liang
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shimei Huang
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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2
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O’Brien JW, Case A, Kemper C, Zhao TX, Mallat Z. Therapeutic Avenues to Modulate B-Cell Function in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1512-1522. [PMID: 38813699 PMCID: PMC11208059 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.319844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The adaptive immune system plays an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. B cells can have both proatherogenic and atheroprotective roles, making treatments aimed at modulating B cells important therapeutic targets. The innate-like B-cell response is generally considered atheroprotective, while the adaptive response is associated with mixed consequences for atherosclerosis. Additionally, interactions of B cells with components of the adaptive and innate immune system, including T cells and complement, also represent key points for therapeutic regulation. In this review, we discuss therapeutic approaches based on B-cell depletion, modulation of B-cell survival, manipulation of both the antibody-dependent and antibody-independent B-cell response, and emerging immunization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W. O’Brien
- Division of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.W.O., A.C., T.X.Z., Z.M.)
| | - Ayden Case
- Division of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.W.O., A.C., T.X.Z., Z.M.)
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.K.)
| | - Tian X. Zhao
- Division of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.W.O., A.C., T.X.Z., Z.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (T.X.Z.)
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Division of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.W.O., A.C., T.X.Z., Z.M.)
- Unversité de Paris, Inserm U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, France (Z.M.)
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3
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Hmiel L, Zhang S, Obare LM, Santana MADO, Wanjalla CN, Titanji BK, Hileman CO, Bagchi S. Inflammatory and Immune Mechanisms for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in HIV. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7266. [PMID: 39000373 PMCID: PMC11242562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic vascular disease disproportionately affects persons living with HIV (PLWH) compared to those without. The reasons for the excess risk include dysregulated immune response and inflammation related to HIV infection itself, comorbid conditions, and co-infections. Here, we review an updated understanding of immune and inflammatory pathways underlying atherosclerosis in PLWH, including effects of viral products, soluble mediators and chemokines, innate and adaptive immune cells, and important co-infections. We also present potential therapeutic targets which may reduce cardiovascular risk in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hmiel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, MetroHealth Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
| | - Suyu Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Laventa M. Obare
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Celestine N. Wanjalla
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Boghuma K. Titanji
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Corrilynn O. Hileman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, MetroHealth Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
| | - Shashwatee Bagchi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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4
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Porsch F, Binder CJ. Autoimmune diseases and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024:10.1038/s41569-024-01045-7. [PMID: 38937626 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-024-01045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are associated with a dramatically increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and its clinical manifestations. The increased risk is consistent with the notion that atherogenesis is modulated by both protective and disease-promoting immune mechanisms. Notably, traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as dyslipidaemia and hypertension alone do not explain the increased risk of cardiovascular disease associated with autoimmune diseases. Several mechanisms have been implicated in mediating the autoimmunity-associated cardiovascular risk, either directly or by modulating the effect of other risk factors in a complex interplay. Aberrant leukocyte function and pro-inflammatory cytokines are central to both disease entities, resulting in vascular dysfunction, impaired resolution of inflammation and promotion of chronic inflammation. Similarly, loss of tolerance to self-antigens and the generation of autoantibodies are key features of autoimmunity but are also implicated in the maladaptive inflammatory response during atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Therefore, immunomodulatory therapies are potential efficacious interventions to directly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, and biomarkers of autoimmune disease activity could be relevant tools to stratify patients with autoimmunity according to their cardiovascular risk. In this Review, we discuss the pathophysiological aspects of the increased cardiovascular risk associated with autoimmunity and highlight the many open questions that need to be answered to develop novel therapies that specifically address this unmet clinical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Porsch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Wang L, Yang F, Ye J, Zhang L, Jiang X. Insight into the role of IRF7 in skin and connective tissue diseases. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15083. [PMID: 38794808 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are signalling proteins primarily involved in initiating innate immune responses against pathogens and promoting the maturation of immune cells. Interferon Regulatory Factor 7 (IRF7) plays a pivotal role in the IFNs signalling pathway. The activation process of IRF7 is incited by exogenous or abnormal nucleic acids, which is followed by the identification via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and the ensuing signalling cascades. Upon activation, IRF7 modulates the expression of both IFNs and inflammatory gene regulation. As a multifunctional transcription factor, IRF7 is mainly expressed in immune cells, yet its presence is also detected in keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and various dermal cell types. In these cells, IRF7 is critical for skin immunity, inflammation, and fibrosis. IRF7 dysregulation may lead to autoimmune and inflammatory skin conditions, including systemic scleroderma (SSc), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Atopic dermatitis (AD) and Psoriasis. This comprehensive review aims to extensively elucidate the role of IRF7 and its signalling pathways in immune cells and keratinocytes, highlighting its significance in skin-related and connective tissue diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Wang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengjuan Yang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Snijckers RPM, Foks AC. Adaptive immunity and atherosclerosis: aging at its crossroads. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1350471. [PMID: 38686373 PMCID: PMC11056569 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1350471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immunity plays a profound role in atherosclerosis pathogenesis by regulating antigen-specific responses, inflammatory signaling and antibody production. However, as we age, our immune system undergoes a gradual functional decline, a phenomenon termed "immunosenescence". This decline is characterized by a reduction in proliferative naïve B- and T cells, decreased B- and T cell receptor repertoire and a pro-inflammatory senescence associated secretory profile. Furthermore, aging affects germinal center responses and deteriorates secondary lymphoid organ function and structure, leading to impaired T-B cell dynamics and increased autoantibody production. In this review, we will dissect the impact of aging on adaptive immunity and the role played by age-associated B- and T cells in atherosclerosis pathogenesis, emphasizing the need for interventions that target age-related immune dysfunction to reduce cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda C. Foks
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
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Sanges S, Tian W, Dubucquoi S, Chang JL, Collet A, Launay D, Nicolls MR. B-cells in pulmonary arterial hypertension: friend, foe or bystander? Eur Respir J 2024; 63:2301949. [PMID: 38485150 PMCID: PMC11043614 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01949-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
There is an unmet need for new therapeutic strategies that target alternative pathways to improve the prognosis of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). As immunity has been involved in the development and progression of vascular lesions in PAH, we review the potential contribution of B-cells in its pathogenesis and evaluate the relevance of B-cell-targeted therapies. Circulating B-cell homeostasis is altered in PAH patients, with total B-cell lymphopenia, abnormal subset distribution (expansion of naïve and antibody-secreting cells, reduction of memory B-cells) and chronic activation. B-cells are recruited to the lungs through local chemokine secretion, and activated by several mechanisms: 1) interaction with lung vascular autoantigens through cognate B-cell receptors; 2) costimulatory signals provided by T follicular helper cells (interleukin (IL)-21), type 2 T helper cells and mast cells (IL-4, IL-6 and IL-13); and 3) increased survival signals provided by B-cell activating factor pathways. This activity results in the formation of germinal centres within perivascular tertiary lymphoid organs and in the local production of pathogenic autoantibodies that target the pulmonary vasculature and vascular stabilisation factors (including angiotensin-II/endothelin-1 receptors and bone morphogenetic protein receptors). B-cells also mediate their effects through enhanced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reduced anti-inflammatory properties by regulatory B-cells, immunoglobulin (Ig)G-induced complement activation, and IgE-induced mast cell activation. Precision-medicine approaches targeting B-cell immunity are a promising direction for select PAH conditions, as suggested by the efficacy of anti-CD20 therapy in experimental models and a trial of rituximab in systemic sclerosis-associated PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Sanges
- Univ. Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
- INSERM, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, F-59000 Lille, France
- Centre National de Référence Maladies Auto-immunes Systémiques Rares du Nord, Nord-Ouest, Méditerranée et Guadeloupe (CeRAINOM), F-59000 Lille, France
- Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Connective Tissue and Musculoskeletal Diseases Network (ReCONNET), F-59000 Lille, France
- Veteran Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Both authors contributed equally and share co-first authorship
| | - Wen Tian
- Veteran Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Both authors contributed equally and share co-first authorship
| | - Sylvain Dubucquoi
- Univ. Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
- INSERM, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Institut d'Immunologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jason L Chang
- Veteran Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aurore Collet
- Univ. Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
- INSERM, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Institut d'Immunologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - David Launay
- Univ. Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
- INSERM, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, F-59000 Lille, France
- Centre National de Référence Maladies Auto-immunes Systémiques Rares du Nord, Nord-Ouest, Méditerranée et Guadeloupe (CeRAINOM), F-59000 Lille, France
- Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Connective Tissue and Musculoskeletal Diseases Network (ReCONNET), F-59000 Lille, France
- Veteran Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Both authors contributed equally and share co-last authorship
| | - Mark R Nicolls
- Veteran Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Both authors contributed equally and share co-last authorship
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8
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Wang Q, Xue Q. Bioinformatics analysis of potential common pathogenic mechanism for carotid atherosclerosis and Parkinson's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1202952. [PMID: 37649719 PMCID: PMC10464527 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1202952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) related to atherosclerosis and Parkinson's disease (PD) are two prevalent neurological disorders. They share common risk factors and frequently occur together. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between atherosclerosis and PD using genetic databases to gain a comprehensive understanding of underlying biological mechanisms. Methods The gene expression profiles of atherosclerosis (GSE28829 and GSE100927) and PD (GSE7621 and GSE49036) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. After identifying the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for these two disorders, we constructed protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and functional modules, and further identified hub genes using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression. The diagnostic effectiveness of these hub genes was evaluated using Receiver Operator Characteristic Curve (ROC) analysis. Furthermore, we used single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) to analyze immune cell infiltration and explored the association of the identified hub genes with infiltrating immune cells through Spearman's rank correlation analysis in R software. Results A total of 50 shared DEGs, with 36 up-regulated and 14 down-regulated genes, were identified through the intersection of DEGs of atherosclerosis and PD. Using LASSO regression, we identified six hub genes, namely C1QB, CD53, LY96, P2RX7, C3, and TNFSF13B, in the lambda.min model, and CD14, C1QB, CD53, P2RX7, C3, and TNFSF13B in the lambda.1se model. ROC analysis confirmed that both models had good diagnostic efficiency for atherosclerosis datasets GSE28829 (lambda.min AUC = 0.99, lambda.1se AUC = 0.986) and GSE100927 (lambda.min AUC = 0.922, lambda.1se AUC = 0.933), as well as for PD datasets GSE7621 (lambda.min AUC = 0.924, lambda.1se AUC = 0.944) and GSE49036 (lambda.min AUC = 0.894, lambda.1se AUC = 0.881). Furthermore, we found that activated B cells, effector memory CD8 + T cells, and macrophages were the shared correlated types of immune cells in both atherosclerosis and PD. Conclusion This study provided new sights into shared molecular mechanisms between these two disorders. These common hub genes and infiltrating immune cells offer promising clues for further experimental studies to explore the common pathogenesis of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qun Xue
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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9
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The BAFF-APRIL System in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061791. [PMID: 36980677 PMCID: PMC10046288 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
B cell-activating factor (BAFF; also known as CD257, TNFSF13B, BLyS) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL; also known as CD256, TNFSF13) belong to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family. BAFF was initially discovered as a B-cell survival factor, whereas APRIL was first identified as a protein highly expressed in various cancers. These discoveries were followed by over two decades of extensive research effort, which identified overlapping signaling cascades between BAFF and APRIL, controlling immune homeostasis in health and driving pathogenesis in autoimmunity and cancer, the latter being the focus of this review. High levels of BAFF, APRIL, and their receptors have been detected in different cancers and found to be associated with disease severity and treatment response. Here, we have summarized the role of the BAFF-APRIL system in immune cell differentiation and immune tolerance and detailed its pathogenic functions in hematological and solid cancers. We also highlight the emerging therapeutics targeting the BAFF-APRIL system in different cancer types.
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Wang Z, Wang Y, Cui Y, Chen Z, Yi L, Zhu Z, Ni J, Du R, Wang X, Zhu J, Ding F, Quan W, Zhang R, Hu J, Yan X. Association of Serum BAFF Levels with Cardiovascular Events in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041692. [PMID: 36836225 PMCID: PMC9964977 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The B cell activating factor (BAFF) is a B cell survival factor involved in atherosclerosis and ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. This study sought to investigate whether BAFF is a potential predictor of poor outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS We prospectively enrolled 299 patients with STEMI, and serum levels of BAFF were measured. All subjects were followed for three years. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including cardiovascular death, nonfatal reinfarction, hospitalization for heart failure (HF), and stroke. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to analyze the predictive value of BAFF for MACEs. RESULTS In multivariate analysis, BAFF was independently associated with risk of MACEs (adjusted HR 1.525, 95% CI 1.085-2.145; p = 0.015) and cardiovascular death (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 3.632, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.132-11.650, p = 0.030) after adjustment for traditional risk factors. Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrated that patients with BAFF levels above the cut-off value (1.46 ng/mL) were more likely to have MACEs (log-rank p < 0.0001) and cardiovascular death (log-rank p < 0.0001). In subgroup analysis, the impact of high BAFF on MACEs development was stronger in patients without dyslipidemia. Furthermore, the C-statistic and Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI) values for MACEs were improved with BAFF as an independent risk factor or when combined with cardiac troponin I. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that higher BAFF levels in the acute phase are an independent predictor of the incidence of MACEs in patients with STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yueying Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuke Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lei Yi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhengbin Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jingwei Ni
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Run Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaoqun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jinzhou Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Fenghua Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Weiwei Quan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ruiyan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Correspondence: (R.Z.); (J.H.); (X.Y.); Tel./Fax: +86-21-6445-7177 (R.Z. & J.H. & X.Y.)
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Correspondence: (R.Z.); (J.H.); (X.Y.); Tel./Fax: +86-21-6445-7177 (R.Z. & J.H. & X.Y.)
| | - Xiaoxiang Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Correspondence: (R.Z.); (J.H.); (X.Y.); Tel./Fax: +86-21-6445-7177 (R.Z. & J.H. & X.Y.)
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11
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Kintrilis N, Gravani F, Rapti A, Papaioannou M, Flessa CM, Nezos A, Antypa E, Papadaki I, Karageorgas Τ, Moutsopoulos HM, Mavragani CP. Subclinical atherosclerosis profiles in rheumatoid arthritis and primary Sjögren's syndrome: the impact of BAFF genetic variations. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:958-968. [PMID: 35689637 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES RA and primary SS carry increased atherosclerotic risk, while B-cell activating factor holds a vital role in disease pathogenesis and atherosclerosis. We aimed to compare subclinical atherosclerosis profiles between the two clinical entities and define whether BAFF genetic variants alter atherosclerotic risk. METHODS DNA from 166 RA, 148 primary SS patients and 200 healthy controls of similar age and sex distribution was subjected to PCR-based assay for the detection of five single nucleotide polymorphisms of the BAFF gene (rs1224141, rs12583006, rs9514828, rs1041569 and rs9514827). Genotype and haplotype frequencies were determined by SNPStats software and statistical analysis was performed by SPSS and Graphpad Software. Subclinical atherosclerosis was defined by the presence of carotid/femoral plaque formation and arterial wall thickening. RESULTS Atherosclerotic plaque formation was more frequently detected in the RA vs primary SS group (80.7% vs 62.2%, P-value <0.001), along with higher rates of family CVD history, current steroid dose and serum inflammatory markers. The TT genotype of the rs1224141 variant was more prevalent in RA but not primary SS patients with plaque and arterial wall thickening vs their counterparts without. Regarding the rs1014569 variant, among RA patients the TT genotype increased the risk for plaque formation while in primary SS patients the AT genotype conferred increased risk. Haplotype GTTTT was protective in the RA cohort, while TATTT and TTCTT haplotypes increased susceptibility for arterial wall thickening in the primary SS cohort. CONCLUSIONS Increased inflammatory burden, higher steroid doses and distinct BAFF gene variations imply chronic inflammation and B-cell hyperactivity as key contributors for the augmented atherosclerotic risk among autoimmune patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Kintrilis
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
| | | | - Anna Rapti
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens.,Department of Rheumatology
| | - Myrto Papaioannou
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
| | - Christina-Maria Flessa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
| | - Adrianos Nezos
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
| | - Eleni Antypa
- Department of Radiology, G. Gennimatas General Hospital of Athens
| | | | - Τheofanis Karageorgas
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
| | | | - Clio P Mavragani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens.,Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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12
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Subclinical Atherosclerosis Is Associated with Discrepancies in BAFF and APRIL Levels and Altered Breg Potential of Precursor-like Marginal Zone B-Cells in Long-Term HIV Treated Individuals. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:vaccines11010081. [PMID: 36679926 PMCID: PMC9863280 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation persists in people living with HIV (PLHIV) despite antiretrovial therapy (ART) and is involved in their premature development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as atherosclerosis. We have previously reported that an excess of “B-cell activating factor” (BAFF), an important molecule for the selection and activation of first-line Marginal Zone (MZ) B-cell populations, is associated with deregulations of precursor-like MZ (MZp), whose potent B-cell regulatory (Breg) capacities are altered in PLHIV, early on and despite 1−2 years of ART. Based on these observations, and growing evidence that MZ populations are involved in atherosclerosis control, we designed a cross sectional study to explore the associations between BAFF and its analogue “A proliferation-inducing ligand” (APRIL) with subclinical CVD in long-time-treated individuals of the Canadian HIV and Aging Cohort Study (CHACS) imaging sub-study group. We also characterized the Breg profile of MZp from the blood of these individuals. Results were correlated with the total volume of atherosclerotic plaques (TPV) and with CVD risk factors and biomarkers. TPV was measured using cardiac computerised tomography angiography, and presence of CVD was defined as TPV > 0. We report that blood levels of BAFF are elevated and correlate positively with CVD and its risk factors in PLHIV from the CHACS, in contrast to APRIL levels, which correlate negatively with these factors. The expression levels of Breg markers such as NR4A3, CD39, CD73 and CD83 are significantly lower in PLHIV when compared to those of HIV-uninfected controls. In vitro experiments show that APRIL upregulates the expression of Breg markers by blood MZp from HIV-uninfected individuals, while this modulation is dampened by the addition of recombinant BAFF. Altogether, our observations suggest that strategies viewed to modulate levels of BAFF and/or APRIL could eventually represent a potential treatment target for CVD in PLHIV.
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13
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Shater H, Fawzy M, Farid A, El-Amir A, Fouad S, Madbouly N. B-cell activating factor and A proliferation-inducing ligand in relation to intima-media thickness as biomarkers of premature atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Am J Med Sci 2022; 364:646-654. [PMID: 35580639 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the correlation of the serum B-cell activating factor (BAFF), A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) and interleukin (IL)-21 with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) to evaluate their efficacy as non-invasive biomarkers for the risk of premature development of atherosclerosis. METHODS ELISA test was used to quantify serum BAFF, APRIL and IL-21 in 40 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 20 healthy controls (HCs). The obtained results were correlated with disease duration, anti-double stranded DNA, complement proteins levels, lipid profile, cIMT and the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). RESULTS Serum BAFF, APRIL and IL-21 were significantly increased in SLE compared to HCs. Positive correlation was recorded between BAFF (r = 0.51) and APRIL (r = 0.52) with the cIMT. IL-21 correlated positively with SLEDAI (r = 0.33) and negatively with BAFF (r = -0.37) and APRIL (r = -0.44). According to the multiple logistic regression analysis, we found that low-density lipoprotein, serum BAFF and APRIL values were independent factors for cIMT in SLE. To discriminate premature atherosclerosis in patients with SLE, BAFF ≥455 pg/ml yielded 88.9% sensitivity with 100% specificity while APRIL ≥600 pg/ml yielded 95% sensitivity with 100% specificity. IL-21 ≥240 pg/ml yielded 66.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity. CONCLUSIONS Circulating BAFF and APRIL in patients with SLE were correlated to disease activity and cIMT, suggesting that they could be used as a peripheral blood biomarker for the occurrence of premature atherosclerosis in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Shater
- Immunology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mary Fawzy
- Rheumatology and Immunology unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alyaa Farid
- Immunology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Azza El-Amir
- Immunology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salwa Fouad
- Immunology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Neveen Madbouly
- Immunology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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14
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The why and how of adaptive immune responses in ischemic cardiovascular disease. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:431-444. [PMID: 36382200 PMCID: PMC7613798 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a major cause of disability and death worldwide. Most therapeutic approaches target traditional risk factors but ignore the fundamental role of the immune system. This is a huge unmet need. Recent evidence indicates that reducing inflammation may limit cardiovascular events. However, the concomitant increase in the risk of lifethreatening infections is a major drawback. In this context, targeting adaptive immunity could constitute a highly effective and safer approach. In this Review, we address the why and how of the immuno-cardiovascular unit, in health and in atherosclerotic disease. We review and discuss fundamental mechanisms that ensure immune tolerance to cardiovascular tissue, and examine how their disruption promotes disease progression. We identify promising strategies to manipulate the adaptive immune system for patient benefit, including novel biologics and RNA-based vaccination strategies. Finally, we advocate for establishing a molecular classification of atherosclerosis as an important milestone in our quest to radically change the understanding and treatment of atherosclerotic disease.
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15
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B-Cell Activating Factor Increases Related to Adiposity, Insulin Resistance, and Endothelial Dysfunction in Overweight and Obese Subjects. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050634. [PMID: 35629302 PMCID: PMC9146198 DOI: 10.3390/life12050634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity (OB) is a major healthcare problem that results from long-term energy imbalance. Adipokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines facilitate adipose tissue (AT) remodeling to safely store excess nutrients. B-cell activating factor (BAFF) is a newly described adipokine whose role in enhancing adipogenesis has been reported. The present study aimed to evaluate serum BAFF association with adiposity distribution, serum adipokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and metabolic and endothelial dysfunction markers. The study included 124 young Mexican adults with no diagnosed comorbidities, divided according to their BMI. Anthropometric measurements, blood counts, and serum molecules (i.e., glucose, lipid profile, insulin, leptin, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, von Willebrand factor (vWF), and BAFF) were assessed. The analysis showed positive correlation between BAFF and increased fat mass in all anthropometric measurements (p < 0.0001). BAFF augmentation was related to systemic inflammatory environment (p < 0.05), and linked with insulin resistance status (p < 0.05). BAFF increment was also correlated with early endothelial damage markers such as vWF (p < 0.0001). Linear regression analysis showed a role for BAFF in predicting serum vWF concentrations (p < 0.01). In conclusion, our data show that BAFF is an adipokine dynamically related to OB progression, insulin resistance status, and systemic inflammatory environment, and is a predictor of soluble vWF augmentation, in young overweight and obese Mexican subjects.
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16
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Smeets D, Gisterå A, Malin SG, Tsiantoulas D. The Spectrum of B Cell Functions in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:864602. [PMID: 35497984 PMCID: PMC9051234 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.864602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells are a core element of the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Multiple experimental and epidemiological studies have revealed both protective and deleterious functions of B cells in atherosclerotic plaque formation. The spearhead property of B cells that influences the development of atherosclerosis is their unique ability to produce and secrete high amounts of antigen-specific antibodies that can act at distant sites. Exposure to an atherogenic milieu impacts B cell homeostasis, cell differentiation and antibody production. However, it is not clear whether B cell responses in atherosclerosis are instructed by atherosclerosis-specific antigens (ASA). Dissecting the full spectrum of the B cell properties in atherosclerosis will pave the way for designing innovative therapies against the devastating consequences of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diede Smeets
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anton Gisterå
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen G. Malin
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dimitrios Tsiantoulas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Dimitrios Tsiantoulas,
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17
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Lin J, Tang B, He G, Feng Z, Hao W, Hu W. B lymphocytes subpopulations are associated with cardiac remodeling in elderly patients with advanced chronic kidney disease. Exp Gerontol 2022; 163:111805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Marginal Zone B-Cell Populations and Their Regulatory Potential in the Context of HIV and Other Chronic Inflammatory Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063372. [PMID: 35328792 PMCID: PMC8949885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation in the context of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) establishes early and persists beyond antiretroviral therapy (ART). As such, we have shown excess B-cell activating factor (BAFF) in the blood of HIV-infected progressors, as soon as in the acute phase, and despite successful ART. Excess BAFF was associated with deregulation of the B-cell compartment; notably, with increased frequencies of a population sharing features of both transitional immature (TI) and marginal zone (MZ) B-cells, we termed Marginal Zone precursor-like (MZp). We have reported similar observations with HIV-transgenic mice, Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)-infected macaques, and more recently, with HIV-infected Beninese commercial sex workers, which suggests that excess BAFF and increased frequencies of MZp B-cells are reliable markers of inflammation in the context of HIV. Importantly, we have recently shown that in healthy individuals, MZps present an important regulatory B-cell (Breg) profile and function. Herein, we wish to review our current knowledge on MZ B-cell populations, especially their Breg status, and that of other B-cell populations sharing similar features. BAFF and its analog A Proliferation-Inducing Ligand (APRIL) are important in shaping the MZ B-cell pool; moreover, the impact that excess BAFF—encountered in the context of HIV and several chronic inflammatory conditions—may exert on MZ B-cell populations, Breg and antibody producing capacities is a threat to the self-integrity of their antibody responses and immune surveillance functions. As such, deregulations of MZ B-cell populations contribute to autoimmune manifestations and the development of MZ lymphomas (MZLs) in the context of HIV and other inflammatory diseases. Therefore, further comprehending the mechanisms regulating MZ B-cell populations and their functions could be beneficial to innovative therapeutic avenues that could be deployed to restore MZ B-cell immune competence in the context of chronic inflammation involving excess BAFF.
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19
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Sun W, Li P, Cai J, Ma J, Zhang X, Song Y, Liu Y. Lipid Metabolism: Immune Regulation and Therapeutic Prospectives in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:860586. [PMID: 35371016 PMCID: PMC8971568 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.860586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by the production of abnormal autoantibodies and immune complexes that can affect the organ and organ systems, particularly the kidneys and the cardiovascular system. Emerging evidence suggests that dysregulated lipid metabolism, especially in key effector cells, such as T cells, B cells, and innate immune cells, exerts complex effects on the pathogenesis and progression of SLE. Beyond their important roles as membrane components and energy storage, different lipids can also modulate different cellular processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, and survival. In this review, we summarize altered lipid metabolism and the associated mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis and progression of SLE. Furthermore, we discuss the recent progress in the role of lipid metabolism as a potential therapeutic target in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengchong Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Center of Biotherapy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontolog, Beijing, China
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yudong Liu, ; Yong Song,
| | - Yudong Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center of Biotherapy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontolog, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yudong Liu, ; Yong Song,
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20
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Zhang Y, Tao M, Chen C, Zhao X, Feng Q, Chen G, Fu Y. BAFF Blockade Attenuates DSS-Induced Chronic Colitis via Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome and NF-κB Activation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:783254. [PMID: 35320937 PMCID: PMC8934862 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.783254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background BAFF production is increased in IBD patients. However, the specific role of BAFF in IBD is still uncovered. This study aimed to investigate the expression and function of BAFF in experimental colitis and the potential mechanisms. Methods BAFF levels in the serum and colon tissues were measured by ELISA in DSS-induced colitis mice. Mouse-derived BAFF antibody was administered in DSS mice. The changes of body weight, disease activity index (DAI) scores, colon length, spleen weight, histopathological damage, inflammatory indicators, NF-κB signaling, and NLRP3 inflammasome were assayed in DSS mice and control. LPS-primed RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) were treated with BAFF blockage and recombinant mouse BAFF. Inflammatory associated cytokines, NLRP3 inflammasomes and NF-κB signaling were detected among groups. Results BAFF production was elevated systemically and locally in colitis mice. BAFF blockade improved the body weight loss, DAI scores, colon length, spleen weight, and histopathological damage in colitis mice. Immunoflurescence analysis revealed that elevated macrophages in mucosal lamina propria were the primary source of BAFF in the colon. NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB signaling pathway activation were dramatically inhibited in DSS mice treated with BAFF blockage. In LPS-primed RAW264.7 cells/BMDMs, BAFF blockade decreased the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome (NLPR3, ASC, cleaved IL-1β, cleaved caspase 1) via inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, LPS synergizes with BAFF to promote inflammatory factor secretion and expression of NF-κB signaling pathway in RAW264.7 cells. Conclusions These results suggested that BAFF blockade protected against colitis partially by relieving inflammation, inhibiting intestinal NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB signaling pathway from macrophages. BAFF plays an important role in inflammation regulation in IBD, thus providing a novel idea for further research on colitis and experimental evidences for novel potential therapeutic target in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meihui Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaoyue Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinyu Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Fu,
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21
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Dregoesc MI, Ţigu AB, Bekkering S, van der Heijden CDCC, Bolboacǎ SD, Joosten LAB, Visseren FLJ, Netea MG, Riksen NP, Iancu AC. Relation Between Plasma Proteomics Analysis and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:731325. [PMID: 35211520 PMCID: PMC8861429 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.731325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Despite the advances in the control of traditional risk factors, coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the greatest cause of morbidity and mortality. Our aim was to establish the relation between plasma proteomics analysis and the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with stable CAD. Materials and Methods Patients with stable CAD and documented coronary atherosclerosis were screened for inclusion. Using proximity extension assays, 177 plasma proteins were simultaneously measured. The endpoint consisted of the first major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) and was the composite of cardiovascular death, acute coronary syndrome, stroke, transient ischemic attack, or acute limb ischemia at 18 months follow-up. Cox proportional-hazards regression with adjustment for multiple comparisons was used to identify biomarkers for the outcomes of interest. Results The cohort consisted of 229 patients. Six mediators were associated with MACE (p < 0.001). For these markers, the risk of MACE was calculated: tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13B (HR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.30–2.10), C-C motif chemokine-3 (HR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.23–1.98), decorin (HR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.26–2.16), fibroblast growth factor-23 (HR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.23–1.99), tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2) (HR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.23–2.11), and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10A (HR = 1.69; 95% CI: 1.25–2.29). Except for TRAIL-R2, the other proteins were associated with MACE independent of age, sex, diabetes mellitus, or estimated glomerular filtration rate. Conclusions In patients with stable CAD, five novel biomarkers were identified as independent risk factors for adverse outcomes. Novel biomarkers could represent pharmacological targets for the prevention of adverse cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Ioana Dregoesc
- Department of Cardiology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian Bogdan Ţigu
- Medfuture—The Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Siroon Bekkering
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Charlotte D. C. C. van der Heijden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sorana Daniela Bolboacǎ
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Leo A. B. Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Frank L. J. Visseren
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Niels P. Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Niels P. Riksen
| | - Adrian Corneliu Iancu
- Department of Cardiology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- *Correspondence: Adrian Corneliu Iancu
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22
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Nettersheim FS, Picard FSR, Hoyer FF, Winkels H. Immunotherapeutic Strategies in Cancer and Atherosclerosis-Two Sides of the Same Coin. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:812702. [PMID: 35097027 PMCID: PMC8792753 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.812702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and clinical approval of immunotherapies has revolutionized cancer therapy. Although the role of adaptive immunity in atherogenesis is now well-established and several immunomodulatory strategies have proven beneficial in preclinical studies, anti-atherosclerotic immunotherapies available for clinical application are not available. Considering that adaptive immune responses are critically involved in both carcinogenesis and atherogenesis, immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of cancer and atherosclerosis may exert undesirable but also desirable side effects on the other condition, respectively. For example, the high antineoplastic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors, which enhance effector immune responses against tumor cells by blocking co-inhibitory molecules, was recently shown to be constrained by substantial proatherogenic properties. In this review, we outline the specific role of immune responses in the development of cancer and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, we delineate how current cancer immunotherapies affect atherogenesis and discuss whether anti-atherosclerotic immunotherapies may similarly have an impact on carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Sebastian Nettersheim
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Simon Ruben Picard
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Friedrich Felix Hoyer
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger Winkels
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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23
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Yoshimatsu H, Kataoka K, Fujihashi K, Miyake T, Ono Y. A nasal double DNA adjuvant system induces atheroprotective IgM antibodies via dendritic cell-B-1a B cell interactions. Vaccine 2022; 40:1116-1127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Lin J, Tang B, Feng Z, Hao W, Hu W. Decreased B lymphocytes subpopulations are associated with higher atherosclerotic risk in elderly patients with moderate-to-severe chronic kidney diseases. BMC Nephrol 2021; 22:396. [PMID: 34844574 PMCID: PMC8630907 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02613-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and the risk of CVD increases with reductions in renal function. This study aims to investigate the potential roles of B lymphocyte populations in subclinical atherosclerosis (measured by intima-media thickness, IMT) and prognosis in elderly patients with moderate-to-severe CKD. Methods In this study, a total of 219 patients (143 moderate-to-severe CKD patients with stage 3–4 and 76 non-CKD controls) were recruited. B cell subsets: CD19(+)CD5(+) and CD19(+)CD5(−) B cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Intima-media thickness (IMT) was measured by ultrasound. Correlations between the B cell subsets with IMT and clinical outcome was analyzed. Results CKD patients showed increased IMT (P = 0.006). The level of CD19(+)CD5(+) and CD19(+)CD5(−) B cells were decreased in CKD patients. Correlation analysis showed that IMT was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure, protein/creatinine ratio and diabetes (P < 0.05), and were negatively correlated with CD19(+)CD5(+) and CD19(+)CD5(−) B lymphocytes (P < 0.05). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that CD19(+)CD5(−) B cells had a significant independent association with IMT (P < 0.05). IMT was increased in lower level of total CD19(+) B cells (≤ 0.06 × 109 /L) and CD19(+)CD5(−) B cells (≤ 0.05 × 109 /L) (P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with lower levels of CD19(+)CD5(+) and CD19(+)CD5(−) B cells exhibited worse survival (P < 0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that patients with lower CD19(+)CD5(+) and CD19(+)CD5(−) B cells counts have a higher risk of all-cause mortality (P < 0.05). Conclusions Our results showed that decreased CD19(+)CD5(+) and CD19(+)CD5(−) B lymphocytes were correlated with atherosclerosis and worse survival, which indicates that B lymphocytes might involve in atherosclerosis and associated the prognosis of elderly patients with moderate-to-severe CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieshan Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Center, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, 528403, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Center, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, 528403, China
| | - Zhanwu Feng
- Department of Ultrasound, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wenke Hao
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wenxue Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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25
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Diao L, Li M, Tao J, Xu X, Wang Y, Hu Y. Therapeutic effects of cationic liposomes on lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice are mediated via inhibition of TLR4-triggered B-cell activation. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 40:102491. [PMID: 34781040 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that co-delivery of dihydroartemisinin and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) siRNAs, using cell penetrating peptide (TAT)-modified cationic liposomes (TAT-CLs-DHA/siRNA), resulted in promising activity for the treatment of inflammatory disease through TLR4 signaling pathway. In the current study, we further investigated the therapeutic effects of TAT-CLs-DHA/siRNA on lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice and explored its effects on B cell responses. In vitro, we found that TAT-CLs-DHA/siRNA suppressed the proliferation and activation of B cells through the TLR4 signaling pathway. Following parenteral administration every 4 days, TAT-CLs-DHA/siRNA significantly reduced proteinuria, glomerulonephritis, serum anti-dsDNA antibody and secretion of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-17 and IL-21. Moreover, Western blotting showed that TAT-CLs-DHA/siRNA modulated the B-cell intrinsic pathway by downregulating expression of HMGB1, TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB. This co-delivery system thus represents a promising treatment option for lupus nephritis, and also highlights a novel target of lupus treatment through B cell TLR4 signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Diao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin Tao
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiqi Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
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26
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de Mol J, Kuiper J, Tsiantoulas D, Foks AC. The Dynamics of B Cell Aging in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:733566. [PMID: 34675924 PMCID: PMC8524000 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.733566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is considered to be an important risk factor for several inflammatory diseases. B cells play a major role in chronic inflammatory diseases by antibody secretion, antigen presentation and T cell regulation. Different B cell subsets have been implicated in infections and multiple autoimmune diseases. Since aging decreases B cell numbers, affects B cell subsets and impairs antibody responses, the aged B cell is expected to have major impacts on the development and progression of these diseases. In this review, we summarize the role of B cells in health and disease settings, such as atherosclerotic disease. Furthermore, we provide an overview of age-related changes in B cell development and function with respect to their impact in chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill de Mol
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Amanda C Foks
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
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27
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Fernandes das Neves M, Batuca JR, Delgado Alves J. The role of high-density lipoprotein in the regulation of the immune response: implications for atherosclerosis and autoimmunity. Immunology 2021; 164:231-241. [PMID: 33934336 PMCID: PMC8442240 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and immune dysfunction have been increasingly recognized as crucial mechanisms in atherogenesis. Modifications in cell lipid metabolism, plasma dyslipidaemia and particularly low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels occur both in atherosclerosis and in autoimmune rheumatic diseases (which are strongly associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis), suggesting the presence of a crucial link. HDL, the plasma lipoprotein responsible for reverse cholesterol transport, is known for its several protective effects in the context of atherosclerosis. Among these, HDL immunomodulatory effects are possibly the less understood. Through the efflux of cholesterol from plasma cell membranes with the consequent disruption of lipid rafts and the interaction with the cholesterol transporters present in the plasma membrane, HDL affects both the innate and adaptive immune responses. Animal and human studies have demonstrated a predominance of HDL anti-inflammatory effects, despite some pro-inflammatory actions having also been reported. The HDL role on the modulation of the immune response is further suggested by the detection of low levels together with a dysfunctional HDL in patients with autoimmune diseases. Here, we review the current knowledge of the immune mechanisms of atherosclerosis and the modulatory effects HDL may have on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Fernandes das Neves
- Center of the Study of Chronic DiseasesNew University of LisbonLisbonPortugal
- Medicine 4 DepartmentFernando Fonseca HospitalAmadoraPortugal
| | - Joana R. Batuca
- Center of the Study of Chronic DiseasesNew University of LisbonLisbonPortugal
| | - José Delgado Alves
- Center of the Study of Chronic DiseasesNew University of LisbonLisbonPortugal
- Medicine 4 DepartmentFernando Fonseca HospitalAmadoraPortugal
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28
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Weng R, Liu S, Gu X, Zhong Z. Clonal diversity of the B cell receptor repertoire in patients with coronary in-stent restenosis and type 2 diabetes. Open Life Sci 2021; 16:884-898. [PMID: 34522782 PMCID: PMC8402935 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is known as a risk factor for coronary in-stent restenosis (ISR) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Evidence suggests that B cells play a functional role in the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. However, the B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire in patients with ISR remains unclear. This study aims to profile the BCR repertoire in patients with coronary ISR/T2DM. A total of 21 CAD patients with or without ISR/T2DM were enrolled. PBMCs were isolated and examined for BCR repertoire profiles using DNA-seq. Our results showed that the diversity of amino acid sequences in ISR DM patients was higher than that in ISR -DM patients. The frequencies of 21 V/J paired genes differed between ISR DM and -ISR DM patients, while frequencies of 5 V/J paired genes differed between ISR DM and ISR -DM. The -ISR -DM group presented the highest clonotype overlap rate, while ISR DM patients presented the lowest overlap rate. Our study presented the BCR repertoires in patients with ISR/T2DM. The data suggested different BCR signatures between patients with ISR and T2DM. Further analysis of BCR profiles would enhance understanding of ISR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqiang Weng
- Research Experimental Center, Meizhou People’s Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-Sen University, Meizhou 514031, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou 514031, People’s Republic of China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou 514031, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People’s Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou 514031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sudong Liu
- Research Experimental Center, Meizhou People’s Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-Sen University, Meizhou 514031, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou 514031, People’s Republic of China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou 514031, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People’s Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou 514031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Gu
- Research Experimental Center, Meizhou People’s Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-Sen University, Meizhou 514031, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou 514031, People’s Republic of China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou 514031, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People’s Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou 514031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhixiong Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou 514031, People’s Republic of China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou 514031, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People’s Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou 514031, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People’s Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou 514031, People’s Republic of China
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29
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Spinosa MD, Montgomery WG, Lempicki M, Srikakulapu P, Johnsrude MJ, McNamara CA, Upchurch GR, Ailawadi G, Leitinger N, Meher AK. B Cell-Activating Factor Antagonism Attenuates the Growth of Experimental Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:2231-2244. [PMID: 34509440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
B cell-activating factor (BAFF), a tumor necrosis factor family of cytokine, was recently identified as a regulator of atherosclerosis; however, its role in aortic aneurysm has not been determined. Here, we examined the effect of selective BAFF antagonism using an anti-BAFF antibody (blocks binding of BAFF to receptors BAFF receptor 3, transmembrane activator and CAML interactor, and B-cell maturation antigen) and mBaffR-mFc (blocks binding of BAFF to BAFF receptor 3) on a murine model of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). In a prevention strategy, the antagonists were injected before the induction of AAA, and in an intervention strategy, the antagonists were injected after the induction of AAA. Both strategies attenuated the formation of AAA. In the intervention group, BAFF antagonism depleted most of the mature B-cell subsets in spleen and circulation, leading to enhanced resolution of inflammation in AAA as indicated by decreased infiltration of B cells and proinflammatory macrophages and a reduced number of apoptotic cells. In AAA tissues, B cells and macrophages were found in close contact. In vitro, B cells, irrespective of treatment with BAFF, impaired the efferocytosis activity of macrophages, suggesting a direct innate role of B cells on macrophage function. Altogether, BAFF antagonism affects survival of the mature B cells, promotes resolution of inflammation in the aorta, and attenuates the growth of AAA in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Spinosa
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | - Melissa Lempicki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Prasad Srikakulapu
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Matthew J Johnsrude
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Coleen A McNamara
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Gilbert R Upchurch
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Gorav Ailawadi
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Norbert Leitinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Akshaya K Meher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
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30
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Cardiovascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. RHEUMATOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2021; 2:157-172. [PMID: 35880242 PMCID: PMC9242526 DOI: 10.2478/rir-2021-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
There is a well-known increased risk for cardiovascular disease that contributes to morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Major adverse cardiovascular events and subclinical atherosclerosis are both increased in this patient population. While traditional cardiac risk factors do contribute to the increased risk that is seen, lupus disease-related factors, medications, and genetic factors also impact the overall risk. SLE-specific inflammation, including oxidized lipids, cytokines, and altered immune cell subtypes all are likely to play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic plaques. Research is ongoing to identify biomarkers that can help clinicians to predict which SLE patients are at the greatest risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). While SLE-specific treatment regimens for the prevention of cardiovascular events have not been identified, current strategies include minimization of traditional cardiac risk factors and lowering of overall lupus disease activity.
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31
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APRIL limits atherosclerosis by binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Nature 2021; 597:92-96. [PMID: 34433968 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03818-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease causes heart attacks and strokes, which are the leading causes of mortality worldwide1. The formation of atherosclerotic plaques is initiated when low-density lipoproteins bind to heparan-sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs)2 and become trapped in the subendothelial space of large and medium size arteries, which leads to chronic inflammation and remodelling of the artery wall2. A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) is a cytokine that binds to HSPGs3, but the physiology of this interaction is largely unknown. Here we show that genetic ablation or antibody-mediated depletion of APRIL aggravates atherosclerosis in mice. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that APRIL confers atheroprotection by binding to heparan sulfate chains of heparan-sulfate proteoglycan 2 (HSPG2), which limits the retention of low-density lipoproteins, accumulation of macrophages and formation of necrotic cores. Indeed, antibody-mediated depletion of APRIL in mice expressing heparan sulfate-deficient HSPG2 had no effect on the development of atherosclerosis. Treatment with a specific anti-APRIL antibody that promotes the binding of APRIL to HSPGs reduced experimental atherosclerosis. Furthermore, the serum levels of a form of human APRIL protein that binds to HSPGs, which we termed non-canonical APRIL (nc-APRIL), are associated independently of traditional risk factors with long-term cardiovascular mortality in patients with atherosclerosis. Our data reveal properties of APRIL that have broad pathophysiological implications for vascular homeostasis.
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32
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Deroissart J, Porsch F, Koller T, Binder CJ. Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Therapies in Atherosclerosis. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 270:359-404. [PMID: 34251531 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor in atherosclerosis development and lipid-lowering drugs (i.e., statins) remain the treatment of choice. Despite effective reduction of LDL cholesterol in patients, a residual cardiovascular risk persists in some individuals, highlighting the need for further therapeutic intervention. Recently, the CANTOS trial paved the way toward the development of specific therapies targeting inflammation, a key feature in atherosclerosis progression. The pre-existence of multiple drugs modulating both innate and adaptive immune responses has significantly accelerated the number of translational studies applying these drugs to atherosclerosis. Additional preclinical research has led to the discovery of new therapeutic targets, offering promising perspectives for the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis. Currently, both drugs with selective targeting and broad unspecific anti-inflammatory effects have been tested. In this chapter, we aim to give an overview of current advances in immunomodulatory treatment approaches for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Deroissart
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florentina Porsch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Koller
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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33
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Xu S, Mei S, Lu J, Wu H, Dong X, Shi L, Zhou J, Zhang J. Transcriptome Analysis of Microglia Reveals That the TLR2/IRF7 Signaling Axis Mediates Neuroinflammation After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:645649. [PMID: 34276335 PMCID: PMC8278202 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.645649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory response in the early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has been reported to have an impact on progress, and the mechanism is not completely understood. Here, we performed genome-wide transcriptome analysis of microglia purified from damaged hemisphere of adult mice at 3 days after SAH or sham operation. Robust transcriptional changes were observed between SAH-induced and healthy microglia, indicating rapid activation of microglia after suffering from SAH. We identified 1576 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 928 upregulated and 648 downregulated) in SAH-induced microglia compared with sham microglia, representing a strong alteration of the genome (6.85% of total ∼23,000 genes). Functional enrichment of these DEGs indicated that cell division, inflammatory response, cytokine production, and leukocyte chemotaxis were strongly activated in SAH-induced microglia. Moreover, we identified and proved that the TLR2/IRF7 signaling axis was involved in the regulation of this microglia-mediated inflammation in SAH mice by performing flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Together, these results provided a perspective of microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory response in the early stage of SAH and might give a new therapeutic target for SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenbin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuhao Mei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianan Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haijian Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ligen Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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34
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Isho B, Florescu A, Wang AA, Gommerman JL. Fantastic IgA plasma cells and where to find them. Immunol Rev 2021; 303:119-137. [PMID: 34046908 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IgA is produced in large quantities at mucosal surfaces by IgA+ plasma cells (PC), protecting the host from pathogens, and restricting commensal access to the subepithelium. It is becoming increasingly appreciated that IgA+ PC are not constrained to mucosal barrier sites. Rather, IgA+ PC may leave these sites where they provide both host defense and immunoregulatory function. In this review, we will outline how IgA+ PC are generated within the mucosae and how they subsequently migrate to their "classical" effector site, the gut lamina propria. From there we provide examples of IgA+ PC displacement from the gut to other parts of the body, referencing examples during homeostasis and inflammation. Lastly, we will speculate on mechanisms of IgA+ PC displacement to other tissues. Our aim is to provide a new perspective on how IgA+ PC are truly fantastic beasts of the immune system and identify new places to find them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baweleta Isho
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Angela A Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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35
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Chan CC, Harley ITW, Pfluger PT, Trompette A, Stankiewicz TE, Allen JL, Moreno-Fernandez ME, Damen MSMA, Oates JR, Alarcon PC, Doll JR, Flick MJ, Flick LM, Sanchez-Gurmaches J, Mukherjee R, Karns R, Helmrath M, Inge TH, Weisberg SP, Pamp SJ, Relman DA, Seeley RJ, Tschöp MH, Karp CL, Divanovic S. A BAFF/APRIL axis regulates obesogenic diet-driven weight gain. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2911. [PMID: 34006859 PMCID: PMC8131685 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23084-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of immune mediators on weight homeostasis remains underdefined. Interrogation of resistance to diet-induced obesity in mice lacking a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor signaling serendipitously uncovered a role for B cell activating factor (BAFF). Here we show that overexpression of BAFF in multiple mouse models associates with protection from weight gain, approximating a log-linear dose response relation to BAFF concentrations. Gene expression analysis of BAFF-stimulated subcutaneous white adipocytes unveils upregulation of lipid metabolism pathways, with BAFF inducing white adipose tissue (WAT) lipolysis. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) from BAFF-overexpressing mice exhibits increased Ucp1 expression and BAFF promotes brown adipocyte respiration and in vivo energy expenditure. A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), a BAFF homolog, similarly modulates WAT and BAT lipid handling. Genetic deletion of both BAFF and APRIL augments diet-induced obesity. Lastly, BAFF/APRIL effects are conserved in human adipocytes and higher BAFF/APRIL levels correlate with greater BMI decrease after bariatric surgery. Together, the BAFF/APRIL axis is a multifaceted immune regulator of weight gain and adipose tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin C Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Isaac T W Harley
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Paul T Pfluger
- Research Unit NeuroBiology of Diabetes, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Aurelien Trompette
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- University of Lausanne, Service de Pneumologie, CHUV, CLED 02.206, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Traci E Stankiewicz
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jessica L Allen
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- , Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Maria E Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michelle S M A Damen
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jarren R Oates
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Pablo C Alarcon
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jessica R Doll
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Matthew J Flick
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Leah M Flick
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- , Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joan Sanchez-Gurmaches
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rajib Mukherjee
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rebekah Karns
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael Helmrath
- Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Stem Cell & Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Thomas H Inge
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Sünje J Pamp
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - David A Relman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Randy J Seeley
- Department of Surgery, Internal Medicine and Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christopher L Karp
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Global Health Discovery & Translational Sciences, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Immunology Graduate Program, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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36
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Wang Q, Zhang M, Wang M, Tai Y, Tao J, Zhou W, Han Y, Wei Wei. Triggers of Cardiovascular Diseases in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Curr Probl Cardiol 2021; 47:100853. [PMID: 34016483 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2021.100853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is higher than that in patients without RA, and it is even higher than that in patients with diabetes. Autoimmune-mediated inflammation is observed in patients with RA, resulting in endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and activation, and vascular migration of white blood cells. Traditionally, RA-associated CVD was assumed to be mediated by disease-related inflammation, resulting in atherosclerosis (AS). However, this concept has been challenged because treatment with anti-rheumatic drugs, such as methotrexate or proinflammatory cytokine antagonists, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors, did not reduce the risk of CVD in patients with RA. Current cardiovascular guidelines recommend screening and treatment of CVD risk factors in patients with RA but without clear biomarkers and treatment goals. There is no scientific basis for establishing therapeutic targets for cardiovascular risk factors in RA. Numerous studies have shown that the mechanism of early cardiac dysfunction in patients with RA may occur prior to AS. Therefore, it is crucial to explore the related mechanisms to prevent early cardiac dysfunction in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Manman Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Tai
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Juan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Weijie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yongsheng Han
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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37
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Functional Role of B Cells in Atherosclerosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020270. [PMID: 33572939 PMCID: PMC7911276 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven inflammatory disease of blood vessels, and both innate and adaptive immune responses are involved in its development. The impact of B cells on atherosclerosis has been demonstrated in numerous studies and B cells have been found in close proximity to atherosclerotic plaques in humans and mice. B cells exert both atheroprotective and pro-atherogenic functions, which have been associated with their B cell subset attribution. While B1 cells and marginal zone B cells are considered to protect against atherosclerosis, follicular B cells and innate response activator B cells have been shown to promote atherosclerosis. In this review, we shed light on the role of B cells from a different, functional perspective and focus on the three major B cell functions: antibody production, antigen presentation/T cell interaction, and the release of cytokines. All of these functions have the potential to affect atherosclerosis by multiple ways and are dependent on the cellular milieu and the activation status of the B cell. Moreover, we discuss B cell receptor signaling and the mechanism of B cell activation under atherosclerosis-prone conditions. By summarizing current knowledge of B cells in and beyond atherosclerosis, we are pointing out open questions and enabling new perspectives.
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38
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Saidoune F, Even G, Lamri Y, Chezel J, Gaston AT, Escoubet B, Papo T, Charles N, Nicoletti A, Sacre K. Effects of BAFF Neutralization on Atherosclerosis Associated With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 73:255-264. [PMID: 32783382 DOI: 10.1002/art.41485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). B cells play a key role in the pathogenesis of lupus, and anti-BAFF therapy has been approved for use in SLE. Since mature B cells also promote atherosclerosis, we undertook this study to evaluate, in a mouse model and in SLE patients, whether BAFF neutralization has an atheroprotective effect in SLE. METHODS The effect of BAFF on atherosclerosis associated with lupus was investigated in the atherosclerosis/lupus-prone apolipoprotein E-knockout D227K mouse model and in a cohort of SLE patients. Mice were treated with a blocking anti-BAFF monoclonal antibody (mAb), while fed a standard chow diet. Carotid plaque and carotid intima-media thickness were assessed by ultrasound at baseline and during follow-up in SLE patients who were asymptomatic for CVD. RESULTS Anti-BAFF mAb in ApoE-/- D227K mice induced B cell depletion, efficiently treated lupus, and improved atherosclerosis lesions (21% decrease; P = 0.007) in mice with low plasma cholesterol levels but worsened the lesions (17% increase; P = 0.06) in mice with high cholesterol levels. The atheroprotective effect of the BAFF-BAFF receptor signaling inhibition on B cells was counterbalanced by the proatherogenic effect of the BAFF-TACI signaling inhibition on macrophages. In SLE patients, blood BAFF levels were associated with subclinical atherosclerosis (r = 0.26, P = 0.03). Anti-BAFF mAb treatment had a differential effect on the intima-media thickness progression in SLE patients depending on body mass index. CONCLUSION Depending on the balance between lipid-induced and B cell-induced proatherogenic conditions, anti-BAFF could be detrimental or beneficial, respectively, to atherosclerosis development in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Saidoune
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM UMR1149, CNRS ERL8252, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Even
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1148, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France
| | - Yasmine Lamri
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM UMR1149, CNRS ERL8252, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Julie Chezel
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM UMR1149, CNRS ERL8252, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université de Paris, Hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Anh-Thu Gaston
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1148, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Escoubet
- Université de Paris, Hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Papo
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM UMR1149, CNRS ERL8252, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université de Paris, Hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Charles
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM UMR1149, CNRS ERL8252, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Antonino Nicoletti
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1148, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France
| | - Karim Sacre
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM UMR1149, CNRS ERL8252, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université de Paris, Hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, AP-HP, Paris, France
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39
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Senatus L, López-Díez R, Egaña-Gorroño L, Liu J, Hu J, Daffu G, Li Q, Rahman K, Vengrenyuk Y, Barrett TJ, Dewan MZ, Guo L, Fuller D, Finn AV, Virmani R, Li H, Friedman RA, Fisher EA, Ramasamy R, Schmidt AM. RAGE impairs murine diabetic atherosclerosis regression and implicates IRF7 in macrophage inflammation and cholesterol metabolism. JCI Insight 2020; 5:137289. [PMID: 32641587 PMCID: PMC7406264 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.137289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in lipid-lowering therapies, people with diabetes continue to experience more limited cardiovascular benefits. In diabetes, hyperglycemia sustains inflammation and preempts vascular repair. We tested the hypothesis that the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) contributes to these maladaptive processes. We report that transplantation of aortic arches from diabetic, Western diet-fed Ldlr-/- mice into diabetic Ager-/- (Ager, the gene encoding RAGE) versus WT diabetic recipient mice accelerated regression of atherosclerosis. RNA-sequencing experiments traced RAGE-dependent mechanisms principally to the recipient macrophages and linked RAGE to interferon signaling. Specifically, deletion of Ager in the regressing diabetic plaques downregulated interferon regulatory factor 7 (Irf7) in macrophages. Immunohistochemistry studies colocalized IRF7 and macrophages in both murine and human atherosclerotic plaques. In bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), RAGE ligands upregulated expression of Irf7, and in BMDMs immersed in a cholesterol-rich environment, knockdown of Irf7 triggered a switch from pro- to antiinflammatory gene expression and regulated a host of genes linked to cholesterol efflux and homeostasis. Collectively, this work adds a new dimension to the immunometabolic sphere of perturbations that impair regression of established diabetic atherosclerosis and suggests that targeting RAGE and IRF7 may facilitate vascular repair in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Senatus
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
| | - Raquel López-Díez
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
| | - Lander Egaña-Gorroño
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine
| | - Jiyuan Hu
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, and Department of Environmental Medicine, and
| | - Gurdip Daffu
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
| | - Qing Li
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
| | - Karishma Rahman
- Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine
| | - Yuliya Vengrenyuk
- Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine
| | - Tessa J. Barrett
- Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine
| | - M. Zahidunnabi Dewan
- Experimental Pathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, New York University (NYU) Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Liang Guo
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - Huilin Li
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, and Department of Environmental Medicine, and
| | - Richard A. Friedman
- Biomedical Informatics Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Edward A. Fisher
- Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine
| | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
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40
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Borhis G, Trovato M, Ibrahim HM, Isnard S, Le Grand R, Bosquet N, Richard Y. Impact of BAFF Blockade on Inflammation, Germinal Center Reaction and Effector B-Cells During Acute SIV Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:252. [PMID: 32194549 PMCID: PMC7061218 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory B-cell dysfunctions and inefficient antibody response suggest germinal center (GC) impairments during HIV/SIV infection with possible contribution of overproduced B-cell activating factor (BAFF). To address this question, we compared proportions and functions of various B-cell subsets and follicular helper T-cells (TFH) in untreated (Placebo) and BR3-Fc treated (Treated) SIV-infected macaques. From day 2 post-infection (dpi), Treated macaques received one weekly injection of BR3-Fc molecule, a soluble BAFF antagonist, for 4 weeks. Whereas, the kinetics of CD4+ T-cell loss and plasma viral loads were comparable in both groups, BAFF blockade delayed the peak of inflammatory cytokines (CXCL10, IFNα), impaired the renewal of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and fostered the decline of plasma CXCL13 titers after 14 dpi. In Treated macaques, proportions of total and naïve B-cells were reduced in blood and spleen whereas SIV-induced loss of marginal zone (MZ) B-cells was only accentuated in blood and terminal ileum. Proportions of spleen GC B-cells and TFH were similar in both groups, with CD8+ T-cells and rare Foxp3+ being present in spleen GC. Regardless of treatment, sorted TFH produced similar levels of IL21, CXCL13, and IFNγ but no IL2, IL4, or BAFF and exhibited similar capacities to support IgG production by autologous or heterologous B-cells. Consistently, most TFH were negative for BAFF-R and TACI. Higher proportions of resting and atypical (CD21lo) memory B-cells were present in Treated macaques compared to Placebo. In both groups, we found higher levels of BAFF-R expression on MZ and resting memory B-cells but low levels on atypical memory B-cells. TACI was present on 20-30% of MZ, resting and atypical memory B-cells in Placebo macaques. BAFF blockade decreased TACI expression on these B-cell subsets as well as titers of SIV-specific and vaccine-specific antibodies arguing for BAFF being mandatory for plasma cell survival. Irrespective of treatment, GC B-cells expressed BAFF-R at low level and were negative for TACI. In addition to key information on spleen BAFF-R and TACI expression, our data argue for BAFF contributing to the GC reaction in terminal ileum but being dispensable for the generation of atypical memory B-cells and GC reaction in spleen during T-dependent response against SIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenoline Borhis
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Maria Trovato
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Hany M. Ibrahim
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Stephane Isnard
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Roger Le Grand
- CEA, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department/IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Nathalie Bosquet
- CEA, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department/IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Yolande Richard
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
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41
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Stienen S, Ferreira JP, Kobayashi M, Preud'homme G, Dobre D, Machu JL, Duarte K, Bresso E, Devignes MD, López N, Girerd N, Aakhus S, Ambrosio G, Brunner-La Rocca HP, Fontes-Carvalho R, Fraser AG, van Heerebeek L, Heymans S, de Keulenaer G, Marino P, McDonald K, Mebazaa A, Papp Z, Raddino R, Tschöpe C, Paulus WJ, Zannad F, Rossignol P. Enhanced clinical phenotyping by mechanistic bioprofiling in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: insights from the MEDIA-DHF study (The Metabolic Road to Diastolic Heart Failure). Biomarkers 2020; 25:201-211. [PMID: 32063068 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2020.1727015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a heterogeneous syndrome for which clear evidence of effective therapies is lacking. Understanding which factors determine this heterogeneity may be helped by better phenotyping. An unsupervised statistical approach applied to a large set of biomarkers may identify distinct HFpEF phenotypes.Methods: Relevant proteomic biomarkers were analyzed in 392 HFpEF patients included in Metabolic Road to Diastolic HF (MEDIA-DHF). We performed an unsupervised cluster analysis to define distinct phenotypes. Cluster characteristics were explored with logistic regression. The association between clusters and 1-year cardiovascular (CV) death and/or CV hospitalization was studied using Cox regression.Results: Based on 415 biomarkers, we identified 2 distinct clusters. Clinical variables associated with cluster 2 were diabetes, impaired renal function, loop diuretics and/or betablockers. In addition, 17 biomarkers were higher expressed in cluster 2 vs. 1. Patients in cluster 2 vs. those in 1 experienced higher rates of CV death/CV hospitalization (adj. HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.12-3.32, p = 0.017). Complex-network analyses linked these biomarkers to immune system activation, signal transduction cascades, cell interactions and metabolism.Conclusion: Unsupervised machine-learning algorithms applied to a wide range of biomarkers identified 2 HFpEF clusters with different CV phenotypes and outcomes. The identified pathways may provide a basis for future research.Clinical significanceMore insight is obtained in the mechanisms related to poor outcome in HFpEF patients since it was demonstrated that biomarkers associated with the high-risk cluster were related to the immune system, signal transduction cascades, cell interactions and metabolismBiomarkers (and pathways) identified in this study may help select high-risk HFpEF patients which could be helpful for the inclusion/exclusion of patients in future trials.Our findings may be the basis of investigating therapies specifically targeting these pathways and the potential use of corresponding markers potentially identifying patients with distinct mechanistic bioprofiles most likely to respond to the selected mechanistically targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Stienen
- CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), INSERM U1116, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Plurithématique 1433, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - João Pedro Ferreira
- CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), INSERM U1116, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Plurithématique 1433, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research and Development Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Masatake Kobayashi
- CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), INSERM U1116, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Plurithématique 1433, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Gregoire Preud'homme
- CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), INSERM U1116, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Plurithématique 1433, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Daniela Dobre
- CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), INSERM U1116, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Plurithématique 1433, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,Clinical research and Investigation Unit, Psychotherapeutic Center of Nancy, Laxou, France
| | - Jean-Loup Machu
- CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), INSERM U1116, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Plurithématique 1433, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Kevin Duarte
- CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), INSERM U1116, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Plurithématique 1433, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Emmanuel Bresso
- Equipe CAPSID, LORIA (CNRS, Inria NGE, Université de Lorraine), Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | | | - Natalia López
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nicolas Girerd
- CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), INSERM U1116, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Plurithématique 1433, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Svend Aakhus
- Department of Cardiology and Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,ISB, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Giuseppe Ambrosio
- Division of Cardiology, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Ricardo Fontes-Carvalho
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Unit (UnIC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alan G Fraser
- Wales Heart Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Loek van Heerebeek
- Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Leuven, Belgium.,William Harvey Research Institute, Barts Heart Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gilles de Keulenaer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Antwerp University, and ZNA Hartcentrum, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paolo Marino
- Clinical Cardiology, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Department of Translational Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria "Maggiore della Carità", Novara, Italy
| | - Kenneth McDonald
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, St Michael's Hospital Dun Laoghaire Co. Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alexandre Mebazaa
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Saint Louis and Lariboisière University Hospitals and INSERM UMR-S 942, Paris, France
| | - Zoltàn Papp
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Riccardo Raddino
- Department of Cardiology, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carsten Tschöpe
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, C, Harite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health - Center for Regenerative Therapies (BIH-BCRT), and the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK; Berlin partner site), Berlin, Germany
| | - Walter J Paulus
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Faiez Zannad
- CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), INSERM U1116, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Plurithématique 1433, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Patrick Rossignol
- CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), INSERM U1116, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Plurithématique 1433, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
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42
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Cinoku II, Mavragani CP, Moutsopoulos HM. Atherosclerosis: Beyond the lipid storage hypothesis. The role of autoimmunity. Eur J Clin Invest 2020; 50:e13195. [PMID: 31868918 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis has long been considered as a lipid storage disease. Recent data suggest that autoimmune mechanisms seem to be involved in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. The presence of activated endothelial vascular cells, neutrophils, macrophages, T and to a lesser extent B cells in atherosclerotic plaques, together with the proinflammatory cytokine burden suggest mobilization of both innate and adaptive immune pathways in atherosclerosis pathobiology. The development of antibodies to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), the experimental induction of atherosclerosis either via the transfer of T cells or immunization with autoantigens such as β2 glycoprotein Ι (β2-GPI) and heat shock proteins (HSP) further support the autoimmune nature of atherosclerosis. However, classical immunosuppressive and immune-modulatory drugs, successfully used in the therapy of autoimmune rheumatic diseases have shown limited benefits so far in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilir I Cinoku
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Clio P Mavragani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Haralampos M Moutsopoulos
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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43
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Kyaw T, Toh BH, Bobik A. Evolving BAFF targeted therapies for preventing acute myocardial infarctions and ischemic strokes. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:7-12. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1708325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tin Kyaw
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Ban-Hock Toh
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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44
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Tay C, Kanellakis P, Hosseini H, Cao A, Toh BH, Bobik A, Kyaw T. B Cell and CD4 T Cell Interactions Promote Development of Atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3046. [PMID: 31998318 PMCID: PMC6965321 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction between B and CD4 T cells is crucial for their optimal responses in adaptive immunity. Immune responses augmented by their partnership promote chronic inflammation. Here we report that interaction between B and CD4 T cells augments their atherogenicity to promote lipid-induced atherosclerosis. Genetic deletion of the gene encoding immunoglobulin mu (μ) heavy chain (μMT) in ApoE−/− mice resulted in global loss of B cells including those in atherosclerotic plaques, undetectable immunoglobulins and impaired germinal center formation. Despite unaffected numbers in the circulation and peripheral lymph nodes, CD4 T cells were also reduced in spleens as were activated and memory CD4 T cells. In hyperlipidemic μMT−/− ApoE−/− mice, B cell deficiency decreased atherosclerotic lesions, accompanied by absence of immunoglobulins and reduced CD4 T cell accumulation in lesions. Adoptive transfer of B cells deficient in either MHCII or co-stimulatory molecule CD40, molecules required for B and CD4 T cell interaction, into B cell-deficient μMT−/− ApoE−/− mice failed to increase atherosclerosis. In contrast, wildtype B cells transferred into μMT−/− ApoE−/− mice increased atherosclerosis and increased CD4 T cells in lesions including activated and memory CD4 T cells. Transferred B cells also increased their expression of atherogenic cytokines IL-1β, TGF-β, MCP-1, M-CSF, and MIF, with partial restoration of germinal centers and plasma immunoglobulins. Our study demonstrates that interaction between B and CD4 T cells utilizing MHCII and CD40 is essential to augment their function to increase atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic mice. These findings suggest that targeting B cell and CD4 T cell interaction may be a therapeutic strategy to limit atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Tay
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Kanellakis
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hamid Hosseini
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anh Cao
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ban-Hock Toh
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tin Kyaw
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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45
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Jackson SW, Davidson A. BAFF inhibition in SLE-Is tolerance restored? Immunol Rev 2019; 292:102-119. [PMID: 31562657 PMCID: PMC6935406 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The B cell activating factor (BAFF) inhibitor, belimumab, is the first biologic drug approved for the treatment of SLE, and exhibits modest, but durable, efficacy in decreasing disease flares and organ damage. BAFF and its homolog APRIL are TNF-like cytokines that support the survival and differentiation of B cells at distinct developmental stages. BAFF is a crucial survival factor for transitional and mature B cells that acts as rheostat for the maturation of low-affinity autoreactive cells. In addition, BAFF augments innate B cell responses via complex interactions with the B cell receptor (BCR) and Toll like receptor (TLR) pathways. In this manner, BAFF impacts autoreactive B cell activation via extrafollicular pathways and fine tunes affinity selection within germinal centers (GC). Finally, BAFF and APRIL support plasma cell survival, with differential impacts on IgM- and IgG-producing populations. Therapeutically, BAFF and combined BAFF/APRIL inhibition delays disease onset in diverse murine lupus strains, although responsiveness to BAFF inhibition is model dependent, in keeping with heterogeneity in clinical responses to belimumab treatment in humans. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms whereby BAFF/APRIL signals promote autoreactive B cell activation, discuss whether altered selection accounts for therapeutic benefits of BAFF inhibition, and address whether new insights into BAFF/APRIL family complexity can be exploited to improve human lupus treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun W Jackson
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anne Davidson
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
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46
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Herrero-Fernandez B, Gomez-Bris R, Somovilla-Crespo B, Gonzalez-Granado JM. Immunobiology of Atherosclerosis: A Complex Net of Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5293. [PMID: 31653058 PMCID: PMC6862594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and atherosclerosis the principal factor underlying cardiovascular events. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by endothelial dysfunction, intimal lipid deposition, smooth muscle cell proliferation, cell apoptosis and necrosis, and local and systemic inflammation, involving key contributions to from innate and adaptive immunity. The balance between proatherogenic inflammatory and atheroprotective anti-inflammatory responses is modulated by a complex network of interactions among vascular components and immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and T, B, and foam cells; these interactions modulate the further progression and stability of the atherosclerotic lesion. In this review, we take a global perspective on existing knowledge about the pathogenesis of immune responses in the atherosclerotic microenvironment and the interplay between the major innate and adaptive immune factors in atherosclerosis. Studies such as this are the basis for the development of new therapies against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Herrero-Fernandez
- LamImSys Lab. Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Fisiología. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Raquel Gomez-Bris
- LamImSys Lab. Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Jose Maria Gonzalez-Granado
- LamImSys Lab. Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Fisiología. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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47
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Porsch F, Binder CJ. Impact of B-Cell–Targeted Therapies on Cardiovascular Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1705-1714. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.311996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven chronic inflammatory disease that is modulated by many immune cell subsets, including B cells. Therefore, targeting the inflammatory component of cardiovascular disease represents a promising therapeutic strategy. In the past years, immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of autoimmunity and cancer. Many of these clinically used strategies target B cells. Given the multifaceted role of B cells in atherogenesis, it is conceivable that B-cell–directed therapies can modulate disease development. Here, we review clinically available B-cell–targeted therapies and the possible benefits or detrimental effects on cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Porsch
- From the Department for Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (F.P., C.J.B.)
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (F.P., C.J.B.)
| | - Christoph J. Binder
- From the Department for Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (F.P., C.J.B.)
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (F.P., C.J.B.)
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48
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Bagchi-Chakraborty J, Francis A, Bray T, Masters L, Tsiantoulas D, Nus M, Harrison J, Broekhuizen M, Leggat J, Clatworthy MR, Espéli M, Smith KG, Binder CJ, Mallat Z, Sage AP. B Cell Fcγ Receptor IIb Modulates Atherosclerosis in Male and Female Mice by Controlling Adaptive Germinal Center and Innate B-1-Cell Responses. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1379-1389. [PMID: 31092015 PMCID: PMC6636804 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.312272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective- Investigate the impact of modulating B cell FcγRIIb (Fcγ receptor IIb) expression on atherosclerosis. Approach and Results- Western diet-induced atherosclerosis was assessed in Ldlr-/- or Apoe-/- mice with B cell-specific overexpression of FcγRIIb or with an FcγRIIb promoter mutation that alters FcγRIIb expression in germinal center (GC) B cells. In males, overexpression of FcγRIIb on B cells severely reduced activated, class switched B cell responses, as indicated by reductions in GC B cells, plasma cells, and serum IgG but not IgM antibodies. Male mice overexpressing FcγRIIb developed less atherosclerosis, suggesting a pathogenic role for GC B cell IgG responses. In support of this hypothesis, male mice with a promoter polymorphism-driven reduction in FcγRIIb on GC B cells but not plasma cells have a converse phenotype of enhanced GC responses and IgG2c antibodies and enhanced atherosclerosis. IgG2c significantly enhanced TNF (tumor necrosis factor) secretion by CD11b+ CD11c+ cells expressing the high-affinity receptor FcγRIV. In females, overexpression of FcγRIIb on B cells not only reduced GC B cell responses but also substantially reduced B-1 cells and IgM antibodies, which translated into acceleration of atherosclerosis. Promoter-driven reduction in FcγRIIb did not alter GC B cell responses in females and, therefore, had no impact on atherosclerosis. Conclusions- B cell FcγRIIb differentially alters proatherogenic adaptive GC B cell and atheroprotective innate B-1 responses in male and female mice fed a western diet. Our results highlight the importance of a better understanding and ability to selectively target B cell responses in future immunotherapeutic approaches against human cardiovascular disease. Visual Overview- An online visual overview is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayashree Bagchi-Chakraborty
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.B.-C., A.F., T.B., L.M., D.T., M.N., J.H., M.B., J.L., Z.M., A.P.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Francis
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.B.-C., A.F., T.B., L.M., D.T., M.N., J.H., M.B., J.L., Z.M., A.P.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Toni Bray
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.B.-C., A.F., T.B., L.M., D.T., M.N., J.H., M.B., J.L., Z.M., A.P.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Leanne Masters
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.B.-C., A.F., T.B., L.M., D.T., M.N., J.H., M.B., J.L., Z.M., A.P.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitrios Tsiantoulas
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.B.-C., A.F., T.B., L.M., D.T., M.N., J.H., M.B., J.L., Z.M., A.P.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Meritxell Nus
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.B.-C., A.F., T.B., L.M., D.T., M.N., J.H., M.B., J.L., Z.M., A.P.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James Harrison
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.B.-C., A.F., T.B., L.M., D.T., M.N., J.H., M.B., J.L., Z.M., A.P.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Broekhuizen
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.B.-C., A.F., T.B., L.M., D.T., M.N., J.H., M.B., J.L., Z.M., A.P.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Leggat
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.B.-C., A.F., T.B., L.M., D.T., M.N., J.H., M.B., J.L., Z.M., A.P.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Menna R. Clatworthy
- Division of Immunology (M.R.C., K.G.C.S., Z.M.), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marion Espéli
- INSERM U1160, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France (M.E.)
| | - Kenneth G.C. Smith
- Division of Immunology (M.R.C., K.G.C.S., Z.M.), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph J. Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (C.J.B.)
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna (C.J.B.)
| | - Ziad Mallat
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.B.-C., A.F., T.B., L.M., D.T., M.N., J.H., M.B., J.L., Z.M., A.P.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Division of Immunology (M.R.C., K.G.C.S., Z.M.), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Universite Paris-Descartes, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, and Université Paris-Descartes, France (Z.M.)
| | - Andrew P. Sage
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.B.-C., A.F., T.B., L.M., D.T., M.N., J.H., M.B., J.L., Z.M., A.P.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
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49
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Koulouri V, Koutsilieris M, Mavragani CP. B cells and atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2019; 15:417-429. [DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2019.1571411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Koulouri
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Clio P. Mavragani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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