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Zeng W, Zhang X, Lu Y, Wen Y, Xie Q, Yang X, He S, Guo Z, Li J, Shen A, Peng J. Neferine ameliorates hypertensive vascular remodeling modulating multiple signaling pathways in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114203. [PMID: 36916429 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neferine exhibits therapeutic effects on anti-hypertension. However, the effect of neferine on hypertensive vascular remodeling remains unexplored. Therefore, the current study was to investigate the effect of neferine on hypertensive vascular remodeling and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Total 30 male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were divided randomly into five groups, including SHR, Neferine-L (2.5 mg/kg/day), Neferine-M (5 mg/kg/day), Neferine-H (10 mg/kg/day), and Valsartan (10 mg/kg/day) groups (n = 6 for each group). Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were set as control group (n = 6). Noninvasive blood pressure system, ultrasound, hematoxylin and eosin staining, masson trichrome staining were used to detect the blood pressure, pulse wave velocity (PWV), pathological changes and collagen content in abdominal aortas of SHRs. RNA-sequencing and immunohistochemistry(IHC) analyses were used to identify and verify the differentially expressed transcripts and activation of associated signaling pathways in SHRs. RESULTS Various concentrations of neferine or valsartan treatment substantially reduced the elevation of blood pressure, PWV, and abdominal aortic thickening of SHRs. RNA-sequencing and KEGG analyses recognized 441 differentially expressed transcripts and several enriched pathways (including PI3K/AKT and TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathways) after neferine treatment. Masson trichromatic staining and IHC analysis demonstrated that neferine treatment decreased the collagen content and down-regulated the protein expression of PCNA, collagen I & III, and fibronectin, as well as p-PI3K, p-AKT, TGF-β1 and p-Smad2/3 in abdominal aortic tissues of SHRs. CONCLUSION Neferine treatment exhibits therapeutic effects on anti-hypertension and reduces vascular remodeling, as well as suppresses the abnormal activation of multiple signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiquan Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China; Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Ying Wen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Qiurong Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China; Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Shuyu He
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Zhi Guo
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Jiapeng Li
- Department of Physical Education, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Aling Shen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China; Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
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Hu XQ, Zhang L. Oxidative Regulation of Vascular Ca v1.2 Channels Triggers Vascular Dysfunction in Hypertension-Related Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122432. [PMID: 36552639 PMCID: PMC9774363 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood pressure is determined by cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance. The L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ (Cav1.2) channel in small arteries and arterioles plays an essential role in regulating Ca2+ influx, vascular resistance, and blood pressure. Hypertension and preeclampsia are characterized by high blood pressure. In addition, diabetes has a high prevalence of hypertension. The etiology of these disorders remains elusive, involving the complex interplay of environmental and genetic factors. Common to these disorders are oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from NADPH oxidases (NOXs) and mitochondria are primary sources of vascular oxidative stress, whereas dysfunction of the Cav1.2 channel confers increased vascular resistance in hypertension. This review will discuss the importance of ROS derived from NOXs and mitochondria in regulating vascular Cav1.2 and potential roles of ROS-mediated Cav1.2 dysfunction in aberrant vascular function in hypertension, diabetes, and preeclampsia.
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Guner S, Akhayeva T, Nichols CD, Gurdal H. The Ca2+/CaM, Src kinase and/or PI3K-dependent EGFR transactivation via 5-HT2A and 5-HT1B receptor subtypes mediates 5-HT-induced vasoconstriction. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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PI3K Isoforms in Vascular Biology, A Focus on the Vascular System-Immune Response Connection. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 436:289-309. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Role of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in cardiac fibrosis. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:4045-4059. [PMID: 34244974 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04219-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is considered as a severe health problem worldwide, while cardiac fibrosis is one of the main driving factors for the progress of HF. Cardiac fibrosis was characterized by changes in cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts, ratio of collagen (COL) I/III, and the excessive production and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), thus forming a scar tissue, which leads to pathological process of cardiac structural changes and systolic as well as diastolic dysfunction. Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathological change of many advanced cardiovascular diseases including ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and HF. Accumulated studies have proven that phosphoinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway is involved in regulating the occurrence, progression and pathological formation of cardiac fibrosis via regulating cell survival, apoptosis, growth, cardiac contractility and even the transcription of related genes through a series of molecules including mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), forkhead box proteins O1/3 (FoxO1/3), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Thus, the review focuses on the role of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the cardiac fibrosis. The information reviewed here should be significant in understanding the role of PI3K/Akt in cardiac fibrosis and contribute to the design of further studies related to PI3K/Akt and the cardiac fibrotic response, as well as sought to shed light on a potential treatment for cardiac fibrosis.
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Mechanisms Underlying the Antihypertensive and Vasodilatory Effects of Qingda Granules. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2019; 74:511-512. [PMID: 31809402 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Huang Y, Wu X, Wu M, Chu J, Yu N, Shen A, Shen Z, Chen Y, Peng J. Antihypertensive and Vasodilatory Effects of Qingda Granules by Suppression of Calcium Influx and the AKT Pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2019; 74:549-557. [PMID: 31809404 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The Qingda granule (QDG) formulation was simplified from the Qingxuan Jiangya Decoction, which has been used in China to treat hypertension for decades. However, the molecular mechanisms of QDG in antihypertension remain largely unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of QDG against elevated blood pressure and explored its underlying mechanism. QDG treatment decreased elevated blood pressure and increased the vascular elasticity of thoracic aortic rings to KCl stimulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats. QDG treatment increased the relaxation of isolated thoracic aortic rings precontracted with norepinephrine (NE) or KCl in an endothelium-independent manner, which was attenuated by treatment with verapamil, but not by treatment with TEA, 4-AP, Gli, or BaCl2. Moreover, QDG pretreatment attenuated the CaCl2-induced constriction of isolated thoracic aortic rings in K- or NE-containing Ca-free solutions. In addition, QDG pretreatment significantly inhibited the influx of Ca in A7r5 cells induced by a K- or NE-containing Ca solution and decreased the levels of p-AKT but had no effect on levels of total AKT protein in isolated thoracic aortic rings. Considering these results, QDG treatment attenuated elevated blood pressure and promoted the vasorelaxation of thoracic aortic rings by inhibiting the influx of Ca and activating the AKT pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/enzymology
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Calcium Signaling/drug effects
- Cell Line
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Hypertension/drug therapy
- Hypertension/enzymology
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Rats, Inbred SHR
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Vasodilation/drug effects
- Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Huang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
- Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyan Wu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
- Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Meizhu Wu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
- Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Chu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
- Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Na Yu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
- Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Aling Shen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
- Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqing Shen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
- Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Youqin Chen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
- Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
- Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
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Function, Regulation and Biological Roles of PI3Kγ Variants. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090427. [PMID: 31480354 PMCID: PMC6770443 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) γ is the only class IB PI3K member playing significant roles in the G-protein-dependent regulation of cell signaling in health and disease. Originally found in the immune system, increasing evidence suggest a wide array of functions in the whole organism. PI3Kγ occur as two different heterodimeric variants: PI3Kγ (p87) and PI3Kγ (p101), which share the same p110γ catalytic subunit but differ in their associated non-catalytic subunit. Here we concentrate on specific PI3Kγ features including its regulation and biological functions. In particular, the roles of its non-catalytic subunits serving as the main regulators determining specificity of class IB PI3Kγ enzymes are highlighted.
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Gutiérrez A, Contreras C, Sánchez A, Prieto D. Role of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K), Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK), and Protein Kinase C (PKC) in Calcium Signaling Pathways Linked to the α 1-Adrenoceptor in Resistance Arteries. Front Physiol 2019; 10:55. [PMID: 30787881 PMCID: PMC6372516 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance plays a key role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and is also related to other health problems like obesity, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. Imbalance between insulin vascular actions via the phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K) and the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways during insulin resistant states results in impaired endothelial PI3K/eNOS- and augmented MAPK/endothelin 1 pathways leading to endothelial dysfunction and abnormal vasoconstriction. The role of PI3K, MAPK, and protein kinase C (PKC) in Ca2+ handling of resistance arteries involved in blood pressure regulation is poorly understood. Therefore, we assessed here whether PI3K, MAPK, and PKC play a role in the Ca2+ signaling pathways linked to adrenergic vasoconstriction in resistance arteries. Simultaneous measurements of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in vascular smooth muscle (VSM) and tension were performed in endothelium-denuded branches of mesenteric arteries from Wistar rats mounted in a microvascular myographs. Responses to CaCl2 were assessed in arteries activated with phenylephrine (PE) and kept in Ca2+-free solution, in the absence and presence of the selective antagonist of L-type Ca2+ channels nifedipine, cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) to block sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) intracellular Ca2+ release or specific inhibitors of PI3K, ERK-MAPK, or PKC. Activation of α1-adrenoceptors with PE stimulated both intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and Ca2+ entry along with contraction in resistance arteries. Both [Ca2+]i and contractile responses were inhibited by nifedipine while CPA abolished intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and modestly reduced Ca2+ entry suggesting that α1-adrenergic vasoconstriction is largely dependent Ca2+ influx through L-type Ca2+ channel and to a lesser extent through store-operated Ca2+ channels. Inhibition of ERK-MAPK did not alter intracellular Ca2+ mobilization but largely reduced L-type Ca2+ entry elicited by PE without altering vasoconstriction. The PI3K blocker LY-294002 moderately reduced intracellular Ca2+ release, Ca2+ entry and contraction induced by the α1-adrenoceptor agonist, while PKC inhibition decreased PE-elicited Ca2+ entry and to a lesser extent contraction without affecting intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. Under conditions of ryanodine receptor (RyR) blockade to inhibit Ca2+-induced Ca2+-release (CICR), inhibitors of PI3K, ERK-MAPK, or PKC significantly reduced [Ca2+]i increases but not contraction elicited by high K+ depolarization suggesting an activation of L-type Ca2+ entry in VSM independent of RyR. In summary, our results demonstrate that PI3K, ERK-MAPK, and PKC regulate Ca2+ handling coupled to the α1-adrenoceptor in VSM of resistance arteries and related to both contractile and non-contractile functions. These kinases represent potential pharmacological targets in pathologies associated to vascular dysfunction and abnormal Ca2+ handling such as obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, in which these signaling pathways are profoundly impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Contreras
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Prieto
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Rieg AD, Suleiman S, Anker C, Verjans E, Rossaint R, Uhlig S, Martin C. PDGF-BB regulates the pulmonary vascular tone: impact of prostaglandins, calcium, MAPK- and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling and actin polymerisation in pulmonary veins of guinea pigs. Respir Res 2018; 19:120. [PMID: 29921306 PMCID: PMC6009037 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0829-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB and its receptor PDGFR are highly expressed in pulmonary hypertension (PH) and mediate proliferation. Recently, we showed that PDGF-BB contracts pulmonary veins (PVs) and that this contraction is prevented by inhibition of PDGFR-β (imatinib/SU6668). Here, we studied PDGF-BB-induced contraction and downstream-signalling in isolated perfused lungs (IPL) and precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) of guinea pigs (GPs). Methods In IPLs, PDGF-BB was perfused after or without pre-treatment with imatinib (perfused/nebulised), the effects on the pulmonary arterial pressure (PPA), the left atrial pressure (PLA) and the capillary pressure (Pcap) were studied and the precapillary (Rpre) and postcapillary resistance (Rpost) were calculated. Perfusate samples were analysed (ELISA) to detect the PDGF-BB-induced release of prostaglandin metabolites (TXA2/PGI2). In PCLS, the contractile effect of PDGF-BB was evaluated in pulmonary arteries (PAs) and PVs. In PVs, PDGF-BB-induced contraction was studied after inhibition of PDGFR-α/β, L-Type Ca2+-channels, ROCK/PKC, prostaglandin receptors, MAP2K, p38-MAPK, PI3K-α/γ, AKT/PKB, actin polymerisation, adenyl cyclase and NO. Changes of the vascular tone were measured by videomicroscopy. In PVs, intracellular cAMP was measured by ELISA. Results In IPLs, PDGF-BB increased PPA, Pcap and Rpost. In contrast, PDGF-BB had no effect if lungs were pre-treated with imatinib (perfused/nebulised). In PCLS, PDGF-BB significantly contracted PVs/PAs which was blocked by the PDGFR-β antagonist SU6668. In PVs, inhibition of actin polymerisation and inhibition of L-Type Ca2+-channels reduced PDGF-BB-induced contraction, whereas inhibition of ROCK/PKC had no effect. Blocking of EP1/3- and TP-receptors or inhibition of MAP2K-, p38-MAPK-, PI3K-α/γ- and AKT/PKB-signalling prevented PDGF-BB-induced contraction, whereas inhibition of EP4 only slightly reduced it. Accordingly, PDGF-BB increased TXA2 in the perfusate, whereas PGI2 was increased in all groups after 120 min and inhibition of IP-receptors did not enhance PDGF-BB-induced contraction. Moreover, PDGF-BB increased cAMP in PVs and inhibition of adenyl cyclase enhanced PDGF-BB-induced contraction, whereas inhibition of NO-formation only slightly increased it. Conclusions PDGF-BB/PDGFR regulates the pulmonary vascular tone by the generation of prostaglandins, the increase of calcium, the activation of MAPK- or PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling and actin remodelling. More insights in PDGF-BB downstream-signalling may contribute to develop new therapeutics for PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette D Rieg
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Said Suleiman
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Carolin Anker
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eva Verjans
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rolf Rossaint
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Uhlig
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Martin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty RWTH-Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Sánchez A, Contreras C, Climent B, Gutiérrez A, Muñoz M, García-Sacristán A, López M, Rivera L, Prieto D. Impaired Ca 2+ handling in resistance arteries from genetically obese Zucker rats: Role of the PI3K, ERK1/2 and PKC signaling pathways. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 152:114-128. [PMID: 29574066 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The impact of obesity on vascular smooth muscle (VSM) Ca2+ handling and vasoconstriction, and its regulation by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and protein kinase C (PKC) were assessed in mesenteric arteries (MA) from obese Zucker rats (OZR). Simultaneous measurements of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and tension were performed in MA from OZR and compared to lean Zucker rats (LZR), and the effects of selective inhibitors of PI3K, ERK-MAPK kinase and PKC were assessed on the functional responses of VSM voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ channels (CaV1.2). Increases in [Ca2+]i induced by α1-adrenoceptor activation and high K+ depolarization were not different in arteries from LZR and OZR although vasoconstriction was enhanced in OZR. Blockade of the ryanodine receptor (RyR) and of Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) markedly reduced depolarization-induced Ca2+ responses in arteries from lean but not obese rats, suggesting impaired Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) from SR in arteries from OZR. Enhanced Ca2+ influx after treatment with ryanodine was abolished by nifedipine and coupled to up-regulation of CaV1.2 channels in arteries from OZR. Increased activation of ERK-MAPK and up-regulation of PI3Kδ, PKCβ and δ isoforms were associated to larger inhibitory effects of PI3K, MAPK and PKC blockers on VSM L-type channel Ca2+ entry in OZR. Changes in arterial Ca2+ handling in obesity involve SR Ca2+ store dysfunction and enhanced VSM Ca2+ entry through L-type channels, linked to a compensatory up-regulation of CaV1.2 proteins and increased activity of the ERK-MAPK, PI3Kδ and PKCβ and δ, signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sánchez
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cristina Contreras
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706, Spain
| | - Belén Climent
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gutiérrez
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Muñoz
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Albino García-Sacristán
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706, Spain
| | - Luis Rivera
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Prieto
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Leist M, Rinné S, Datunashvili M, Aissaoui A, Pape HC, Decher N, Meuth SG, Budde T. Acetylcholine-dependent upregulation of TASK-1 channels in thalamic interneurons by a smooth muscle-like signalling pathway. J Physiol 2017; 595:5875-5893. [PMID: 28714121 DOI: 10.1113/jp274527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The ascending brainstem transmitter acetylcholine depolarizes thalamocortical relay neurons while it induces hyperpolarization in local circuit inhibitory interneurons. Sustained K+ currents are modulated in thalamic neurons to control their activity modes; for the interneurons the molecular nature of the underlying ion channels is as yet unknown. Activation of TASK-1 K+ channels results in hyperpolarization of interneurons and suppression of their action potential firing. The modulation cascade involves a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, c-Src. The present study identifies a novel pathway for the activation of TASK-1 channels in CNS neurons that resembles cholinergic signalling and TASK-1 current modulation during hypoxia in smooth muscle cells. ABSTRACT The dorsal part of the lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) is the main thalamic site for state-dependent transmission of visual information. Non-retinal inputs from the ascending arousal system and inhibition provided by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic local circuit interneurons (INs) control neuronal activity within the dLGN. In particular, acetylcholine (ACh) depolarizes thalamocortical relay neurons by inhibiting two-pore domain potassium (K2P ) channels. Conversely, ACh also hyperpolarizes INs via an as-yet-unknown mechanism. By using whole cell patch-clamp recordings in brain slices and appropriate pharmacological tools we here report that stimulation of type 2 muscarinic ACh receptors induces IN hyperpolarization by recruiting the G-protein βγ subunit (Gβγ), class-1A phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, and cellular and sarcoma (c-Src) tyrosine kinase, leading to activation of two-pore domain weakly inwardly rectifying K+ channel (TWIK)-related acid-sensitive K+ (TASK)-1 channels. The latter was confirmed by the use of TASK-1-deficient mice. Furthermore inhibition of phospholipase Cβ as well as an increase in the intracellular level of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate facilitated the muscarinic effect. Our results have uncovered a previously unknown role of c-Src tyrosine kinase in regulating IN function in the brain and identified a novel mechanism by which TASK-1 channels are activated in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Leist
- Institut für Physiologie I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Robert-Koch-Str. 27a, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Rinné
- Institut für Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, AG Vegetative Physiologie, Philipps-Universität, Deutschhausstraße 1-2, D-35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Maia Datunashvili
- Institut für Physiologie I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Robert-Koch-Str. 27a, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ania Aissaoui
- Institut für Physiologie I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Robert-Koch-Str. 27a, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Pape
- Institut für Physiologie I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Robert-Koch-Str. 27a, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Niels Decher
- Institut für Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, AG Vegetative Physiologie, Philipps-Universität, Deutschhausstraße 1-2, D-35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Budde
- Institut für Physiologie I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Robert-Koch-Str. 27a, D-48149, Münster, Germany
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13
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Lee TM, Chang NC, Lin SZ. Inhibition of infarction-induced sympathetic innervation with endothelin receptor antagonism via a PI3K/GSK-3β-dependent pathway. J Transl Med 2017; 97:243-255. [PMID: 27991911 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although endothelin (ET)-1 has been shown to upregulate nerve growth factor (NGF) expression, the molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β signal has been implicated in the regulation of NGF. We investigated whether selective ET receptor blockers attenuated cardiac sympathetic reinnervation through restoring PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β activity. After ligation of the left anterior descending artery, male Wistar rats were randomized to either vehicle, atrasentan (an ETA receptor antagonist) or A-192621 (an ETB receptor antagonist) for 4 weeks. Sympathetic hyperinnervation after infarction was confirmed by myocardial norepinephrine measurement and immunofluorescent analysis. Post infarction was associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), as measured by myocardial superoxide levels and dihydroethidine fluorescence staining. This was paralleled by a significant upregulation of NGF expression on mRNA and protein levels in the vehicle-treated rats, which reduced after administering atrasentan, not A-192621. Arrhythmic scores in the vehicle-treated rats were significantly higher than those treated with atrasentan. In an in vivo study atrasentan-induced decreased NGF was associated with activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which was further confirmed by the ex vivo study showing the restoration of NGF levels after coadministration of PI3K inhibitors (wortmannin and LY294002). Lithium chloride, an inhibitor of GSK-3β, did not provide additional attenuated NGF levels compared with atrasentan alone. Finally, atrasentan-attenuated NGF levels were reversed in the presence of peroxynitrite generator. ETA receptor antagonism is a mediator to attenuate sympathetic hyperinnervation probably through restoration of PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/ROS signaling pathway, a potential pharmacological target for arrhythmias after infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-M Lee
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Section, China Medical University-An Nan Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nen-Chung Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi foundation, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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14
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Tsvetkov D, Shymanets A, Huang Y, Bucher K, Piekorz R, Hirsch E, Beer-Hammer S, Harteneck C, Gollasch M, Nürnberg B. Better Understanding of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K) Pathways in Vasculature: Towards Precision Therapy Targeting Angiogenesis and Tumor Blood Supply. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:691-9. [PMID: 27449615 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916070051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway is involved in regulation of numerous important cell processes including cell growth, differentiation, and metabolism. The PI3Kα isoform has received particular attention as a novel molecular target in gene therapy, since this isoform plays critical roles in tumor progression and tumor blood flow and angiogenesis. However, the role of PI3Kα and other class I isoforms, i.e. PI3Kβ, γ, δ, in the regulation of vascular tone and regional blood flow are largely unknown. We used novel isoform-specific PI3K inhibitors and mice deficient in both PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ (Pik3cg(-/-)/Pik3cd(-/-)) to define the putative contribution of PI3K isoform(s) to arterial vasoconstriction. Wire myography was used to measure isometric contractions of isolated murine mesenteric arterial rings. Phenylephrine-dependent contractions were inhibited by the pan PI3K inhibitors wortmannin (100 nM) and LY294002 (10 µM). These vasoconstrictions were also inhibited by the PI3Kα isoform inhibitors A66 (10 µM) and PI-103 (1 µM), but not by the PI3Kβ isoform inhibitor TGX 221 (100 nM). Pik3cg(-/-)/Pik3cd(-/-)-arteries showed normal vasoconstriction. We conclude that PI3Kα is an important downstream element in vasoconstrictor GPCR signaling, which contributes to arterial vasocontraction via α1-adrenergic receptors. Our results highlight a regulatory role of PI3Kα in the cardiovascular system, which widens the spectrum of gene therapy approaches targeting PI3Kα in cancer cells and tumor angiogenesis and regional blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Tsvetkov
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Section Nephrology/Intensive Care, Berlin, 13125, Germany.
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15
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Zhao X, Luan YZ, Zuo X, Chen YD, Qin J, Jin L, Tan Y, Lin M, Zhang N, Liang Y, Rao SQ. Identification of Risk Pathways and Functional Modules for Coronary Artery Disease Based on Genome-wide SNP Data. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2016; 14:349-356. [PMID: 27965104 PMCID: PMC5200919 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a complex human disease, involving multiple genes and their nonlinear interactions, which often act in a modular fashion. Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) profiling provides an effective technique to unravel these underlying genetic interplays or their functional involvements for CAD. This study aimed to identify the susceptible pathways and modules for CAD based on SNP omics. First, the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC) SNP datasets of CAD and control samples were used to assess the joint effect of multiple genetic variants at the pathway level, using logistic kernel machine regression model. Then, an expanded genetic network was constructed by integrating statistical gene–gene interactions involved in these susceptible pathways with their protein–protein interaction (PPI) knowledge. Finally, risk functional modules were identified by decomposition of the network. Of 276 KEGG pathways analyzed, 6 pathways were found to have a significant effect on CAD. Other than glycerolipid metabolism, glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, and cardiac muscle contraction pathways, three pathways related to other diseases were also revealed, including Alzheimer’s disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and Huntington’s disease. A genetic epistatic network of 95 genes was further constructed using the abovementioned integrative approach. Of 10 functional modules derived from the network, 6 have been annotated to phospholipase C activity and cell adhesion molecule binding, which also have known functional involvement in Alzheimer’s disease. These findings indicate an overlap of the underlying molecular mechanisms between CAD and Alzheimer’s disease, thus providing new insights into the molecular basis for CAD and its molecular relationships with other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhao
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology and Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yi-Zhao Luan
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zuo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ye-Da Chen
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology and Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jiheng Qin
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology and Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Lv Jin
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology and Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yiqing Tan
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology and Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Meihua Lin
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology and Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Naizun Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Shao-Qi Rao
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology and Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan 523808, China; Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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16
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Abstract
Excellent reviews on central N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) signaling and function in cardiovascular regulating neuronal pools have been reported. However, much less attention has been given to NMDAR function in peripheral tissues, particularly the heart and vasculature, although a very recent review discusses such function in the kidney. In this short review, we discuss the NMDAR expression and complexity of its function in cardiovascular tissues. In conscious (contrary to anesthetized) rats, activation of the peripheral NMDAR triggers cardiovascular oxidative stress through the PI3K-ERK1/2-NO signaling pathway, which ultimately leads to elevation in blood pressure. Evidence also implicates Ca release, in the peripheral NMDAR-mediated pressor response. Despite evidence of circulating potent ligands (eg, D-aspartate and L-aspartate, L-homocysteic acid, and quinolinic acid) and also their coagonist (eg, glycine or D-serine), the physiological role of peripheral cardiovascular NMDAR remains elusive. Nonetheless, the cardiovascular relevance of the peripheral NMDAR might become apparent when its signaling is altered by drugs, such as alcohol, which interact with the NMDAR or its downstream signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie A. McGee
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Abdel A. Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834
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17
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Watanabe S, Matsumoto T, Ando M, Adachi T, Kobayashi S, Iguchi M, Takeuchi M, Taguchi K, Kobayashi T. Multiple activation mechanisms of serotonin-mediated contraction in the carotid arteries obtained from spontaneously hypertensive rats. Pflugers Arch 2016; 468:1271-1282. [PMID: 27170312 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1834-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is an important endogenous substance that regulates the vascular tone, and the abnormal signaling of 5-HT has been observed in the arteries under several pathophysiological conditions such as diabetes and hypertension. However, signaling pathways of 5-HT-mediated vasocontraction in hypertension remain unclear. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that 5-HT-mediated contraction and contributions of various kinases such as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), Rho kinase (ROCK), and 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) to the contraction would be altered in the carotid arteries obtained from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) compared to control Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. In the carotid arteries from SHR (vs. those from WKY), (1) the 5-HT-mediated contraction was increased, whereas the norepinephrine-mediated contraction was not; (2) 5-HT-mediated contractions were partly inhibited by each kinase (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38 MAPK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), PI3K, ROCK, and PDK1) inhibitor; and (3) 5-HT-stimulated phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, JNK, myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT1), and PDK1 was increased. The expression of ROCK2 but not ROCK1 was increased in the carotid arteries from SHR compared to WKY. The expression of 5-HT2A receptor, a major receptor of 5-HT-mediated contraction in rat carotid artery, was similar in carotid arteries between the two groups. These results suggest that 5-HT-mediated contraction was utilized multiple signaling pathways such as ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, JNK, PI3K, ROCK, and PDK1. Although 5-HT-mediated contraction was increased in the carotid arteries obtained from SHR, further studies are necessary to clarify how each kinase may integrate in the vascular smooth muscles under hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Watanabe
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Makoto Ando
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuyuki Adachi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Shota Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Maika Iguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Miki Takeuchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kumiko Taguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
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18
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Zhang L, Erfle H, Harder N, Beneke J, Beil N, Bulkescher R, Rohr K, Keese M. High-Throughput RNAi Screening Identifies a Role for the Osteopontin Pathway in Proliferation and Migration of Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2016; 30:281-95. [PMID: 27095116 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-016-6663-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Understanding of the mechanisms of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) phenotypic regulation is critically important to identify novel candidates for future therapeutic intervention. While HTS approaches have recently been used to identify novel regulators in many cell lines, such as cancer cells and hematopoietic stem cells, no studies have so far systematically investigated the effect of gene inactivation on VSMCs with respect to cell survival and growth response. METHODS AND RESULTS 257 out of 2000 genes tested resulted in an inhibition of cell proliferation in HaoSMCs. After pathway analysis, 38 significant genes were selected for further study. 23 genes were confirmed to inhibit proliferation, and 13 genes found to induce apoptosis in the synthetic phenotype. 11 genes led to an aberrant nuclear phenotype indicating a central role in cell mitosis. 4 genes affected the cell migration in synthetic HaoSMCs. Using computational biological network analysis, 11 genes were identified to have an indirect or direct interaction with the Osteopontin pathway. For 10 of those genes, levels of proteins downstream of the Osteopontin pathway were found to be down-regulated, using RNAi methodology. CONCLUSIONS A phenotypic high-throughput siRNA screen could be applied to identify genes relevant for the cell biology of HaoSMCs. Novel genes were identified which play a role in proliferation, apoptosis, mitosis and migration of HaoSMCs. These may represent potential drug candidates in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- BioQuant, Heidelberg University, INF 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Holger Erfle
- BioQuant, Heidelberg University, INF 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Harder
- BioQuant and IPMB, University of Heidelberg and DKFZ, Biomedical Computer Vision Group, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Beneke
- BioQuant, Heidelberg University, INF 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina Beil
- BioQuant, Heidelberg University, INF 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ruben Bulkescher
- BioQuant, Heidelberg University, INF 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karl Rohr
- BioQuant and IPMB, University of Heidelberg and DKFZ, Biomedical Computer Vision Group, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Keese
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany. .,Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Hospital, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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19
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Endothelium-Independent Hypoxic Contraction Is Prevented Specifically by Nitroglycerin via Inhibition of Akt Kinase in Porcine Coronary Artery. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:2916017. [PMID: 26839558 PMCID: PMC4709768 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2916017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. Hypoxia-induced sustained contraction of porcine coronary artery is endothelium-independent and mediated by PI3K/Akt/Rho kinase. Nitroglycerin (NTG) is a vasodilator used to treat angina pectoris and acute heart failure. The present study was to determine the role of NTG in hypoxia-induced endothelium-independent contraction and the underlying mechanism. Methods and Results. Organ chamber technique was used to measure the isometric vessel tension of isolated porcine coronary arteries. Protein levels of phosphorylated and total Akt were determined by western blot. A sustained contraction of porcine coronary arteries induced by hypoxia was significantly reduced by NTG but not by isoproterenol. This contraction was also inhibited by DETA NONOate, 8-Br-cGMP, which can be reversed by ODQ, and Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS. The restored contraction was blocked by LY294002. The reduction of Akt-p at Ser-473 by NTG, DETA NONOate, and 8-Br-cGMP was significantly inhibited by ODQ, PKG-I. The decrease in Akt-p level by NTG and 8-Br-cGMP was prevented by calyculin A but not by okadaic acid. Conclusions. These results demonstrated that the endothelium-independent sustained hypoxic vasoconstriction can be prevented by NTG and that the inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway may be involved.
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20
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Chang RCA, Shi L, Huang CCY, Kim AJ, Ko ML, Zhou B, Ko GYP. High-Fat Diet-Induced Retinal Dysfunction. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:2367-80. [PMID: 25788653 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-16143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of obesity-induced prediabetes/early diabetes on the retina to provide new evidence on the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes-associated diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS A high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mouse model (male C57BL/6J) was used in this study. At the end of the 12-week HFD feeding regimen, mice were evaluated for glucose and insulin tolerance, and retinal light responses were recorded by electroretinogram (ERG). Western immunoblot and immunohistochemical staining were used to determine changes in elements regulating calcium homeostasis between HFD and control retinas, as well as unstained human retinal sections from DR patients and age-appropriate controls. RESULTS Compared to the control, the scotopic and photopic ERGs from HFD mice were decreased. There were significant decreases in molecules related to cell signaling, calcium homeostasis, and glucose metabolism from HFD retinas, including phosphorylated protein kinase B (pAKT), glucose transporter 4, L-type voltage-gated calcium channel (L-VGCC), and plasma membrane calcium ATPase (PMCA). Similar changes for pAKT, PMCA, and L-VGCC were also observed in human retinal sections from DR patients. CONCLUSIONS Obesity-induced hyperglycemic and prediabetic/early diabetic conditions caused detrimental impacts on retinal light sensitivities and health. The decrease of the ERG components in early diabetes reflects the decreased neuronal activity of retinal light responses, which may be caused by a decrease in neuronal calcium signaling. Since PI3K-AKT is important in regulating calcium homeostasis and neural survival, maintaining proper PI3K-AKT signaling in early diabetes or at the prediabetic stage might be a new strategy for DR prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Cheng-An Chang
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Liheng Shi
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Cathy Chia-Yu Huang
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Andy Jeesu Kim
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Michael L Ko
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Beiyan Zhou
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Gladys Y-P Ko
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States 3Texas A&M Institute of Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, Unite
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21
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Cross Regulation Between cGMP-dependent Protein Kinase and Akt in Vasodilatation of Porcine Pulmonary Artery. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2014; 64:452-9. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Liu H, Chen Z, Liu J, Liu L, Gao Y, Dou D. Endothelium-independent hypoxic contraction of porcine coronary arteries may be mediated by activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway. Vascul Pharmacol 2014; 61:56-62. [PMID: 24685819 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway plays an essential role in the regulation of vascular tone. The present study aimed to determine its role in hypoxic coronary vasoconstriction. Isometric tension of isolated porcine coronary arteries was measured with organ chamber technique; the protein levels of phosphorylated and total MLC were examined by Western blotting; the activities of PI3K and Rho kinase were determined by the phosphorylation of their respective target protein Akt and MTPT1. Acute hypoxia induced a rapid contraction followed by a short-term relaxation and then a sustained contraction in porcine coronary arteries. The rapid but not the sustained contraction was abolished by endothelium removal. The sustained contraction was attenuated by inhibitors of PI3K (LY294002) and Akt (Akt-I). The attenuation effect caused by LY294002 was not affected by nifedipine, but was abolished by Y27632, an inhibitor of Rho kinase. The sustained hypoxic contraction was associated with altered phosphorylation of MLC and Akt, which was inhibited by LY294002. The sustained hypoxic contraction was also accompanied with increased phosphorylation of MYPT1, which was inhibited by LY294002 and Y27632. This study demonstrates that sustained hypoxia causes porcine coronary artery to contract in an endothelium-independent manner. An increased PI3K/Akt/Rho kinase signaling may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Department of Physiology, Heze Medical College, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Zhengju Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Limei Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yuansheng Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Dou Dou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
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Chan KYY, Xiang P, Zhou L, Li K, Ng PC, Wang CC, Zhang L, Deng HY, Pong NH, Zhao H, Chan WY, Sung RYT. Thrombopoietin protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy, improves cardiac function, and reversely alters specific signalling networks. Eur J Heart Fail 2014; 13:366-76. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfr001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Yuen-Yee Chan
- Department of Paediatrics; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Department of Cardiology; Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology; Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Karen Li
- Department of Paediatrics; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
| | - Pak-Cheung Ng
- Department of Paediatrics; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - Chi-Chiu Wang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Paediatrics; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - Hai-Yan Deng
- Department of Cardiology; Children's Hospital of Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Nga-Hin Pong
- Department of Paediatrics; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - Hailu Zhao
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
| | - Wood-Yee Chan
- Department of Anatomy; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
| | - Rita Yn-Tz Sung
- Department of Paediatrics; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
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McLean BA, Zhabyeyev P, Pituskin E, Paterson I, Haykowsky MJ, Oudit GY. PI3K Inhibitors as Novel Cancer Therapies: Implications for Cardiovascular Medicine. J Card Fail 2013; 19:268-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Abstract
PI3Ks are signaling enzymes engaged by different types of membrane receptors and activated in cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, thrombosis and heart failure. Studies performed on genetically modified animals have provided proof-of-concept that general or isoform-specific blockade of these enzymes can modify disease development and progression. Hence, therapeutic inhibition of PI3Ks with novel pharmacological compounds constitutes a promising area of drug development. In particular, inhibitors of PI3Ks have the potential to reduce blood pressure, restrain the development of atherosclerosis and/or stabilize atherosclerotic plaques, blunt platelet aggregation, prevent left ventricular remodeling and preserve myocardial contractility in heart failure. This review summarizes the rationale of PI3K inhibition in the most prevalent cardiovascular diseases, and the available data on the therapeutic effects of PI3K inhibitors in their preclinical models. Implications for future drug development and human therapy are also discussed.
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Kaßmann M, Harteneck C, Zhu Z, Nürnberg B, Tepel M, Gollasch M. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), TRPV4, and the kidney. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2013; 207:546-64. [PMID: 23253200 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent preclinical data indicate that activators of transient receptor potential channels of the vanilloid receptor subtype 1 (TRPV1) may improve the outcome of ischaemic acute kidney injury (AKI). The underlying mechanisms are unclear, but may involve TRPV1 channels in dorsal root ganglion neurones that innervate the kidney. Recent data identified TRPV4, together with TRPV1, to serve as major calcium influx channels in endothelial cells. In these cells, gating of individual TRPV4 channels within a four-channel cluster provides elementary calcium influx (calcium sparklets) to open calcium-activated potassium channels and promote vasodilation. The TRPV receptors can also form heteromers that exhibit unique conductance and gating properties, further increasing their spatio-functional diversity. This review summarizes data on electrophysiological properties of TRPV1/4 and their modulation by endogenous channel agonists such as 20-HETE, phospholipase C and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3 kinase). We review important roles of TRPV1 and TRPV4 in kidney physiology and renal ischaemia reperfusion injury; further studies are warranted to address renoprotective mechanism of vanilloid receptors in ischaemic AKI including the role of the capsaicin receptor TRPV1 in primary sensory nerves and/or endothelium. Particular attention should be paid to understand the kidneys' ability to respond to ischaemic stimuli after catheter-based renal denervation therapy in man, whereas the discovery of novel pharmacological TRPV modulators may be a successful strategy for better treatment of acute or chronic kidney failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kaßmann
- Charité University Medicine, Section Nephrology/Intensive Care, Campus Virchow, and Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC); Berlin; Germany
| | - C. Harteneck
- Institut für Experimentelle & Klinische Pharmakologie & Toxikologie and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Pharmaceutical Research (ICePhA); Eberhard-Karls-Universität; Tübingen; Germany
| | - Z. Zhu
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases; Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension; Chongqing; China
| | - B. Nürnberg
- Institut für Experimentelle & Klinische Pharmakologie & Toxikologie and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Pharmaceutical Research (ICePhA); Eberhard-Karls-Universität; Tübingen; Germany
| | - M. Tepel
- Department of Nephrology, and University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Clinical Research; Odense University Hospital; Odense; Denmark
| | - M. Gollasch
- Charité University Medicine, Section Nephrology/Intensive Care, Campus Virchow, and Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC); Berlin; Germany
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Dbouk HA, Vadas O, Shymanets A, Burke JE, Salamon RS, Khalil BD, Barrett MO, Waldo GL, Surve C, Hsueh C, Perisic O, Harteneck C, Shepherd PR, Harden TK, Smrcka AV, Taussig R, Bresnick AR, Nürnberg B, Williams RL, Backer JM. G protein-coupled receptor-mediated activation of p110β by Gβγ is required for cellular transformation and invasiveness. Sci Signal 2012; 5:ra89. [PMID: 23211529 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2003264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Synergistic activation by heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and receptor tyrosine kinases distinguishes p110β from other class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks). Activation of p110β is specifically implicated in various physiological and pathophysiological processes, such as the growth of tumors deficient in phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN). To determine the specific contribution of GPCR signaling to p110β-dependent functions, we identified the site in p110β that binds to the Gβγ subunit of G proteins. Mutation of this site eliminated Gβγ-dependent activation of PI3Kβ (a dimer of p110β and the p85 regulatory subunit) in vitro and in cells, without affecting basal activity or phosphotyrosine peptide-mediated activation. Disrupting the p110β-Gβγ interaction by mutation or with a cell-permeable peptide inhibitor blocked the transforming capacity of PI3Kβ in fibroblasts and reduced the proliferation, chemotaxis, and invasiveness of PTEN-null tumor cells in culture. Our data suggest that specifically targeting GPCR signaling to PI3Kβ could provide a therapeutic approach for tumors that depend on p110β for growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashem A Dbouk
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Carnevale D, Lembo G. PI3K in hypertension: a novel therapeutic target controlling vascular myogenic tone and target organ damage. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 95:403-8. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Alvin Z, Laurence GG, Coleman BR, Zhao A, Hajj-Moussa M, Haddad GE. Regulation of L-type inward calcium channel activity by captopril and angiotensin II via the phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase pathway in cardiomyocytes from volume-overload hypertrophied rat hearts. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 89:206-15. [PMID: 21423294 DOI: 10.1139/y11-011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure can be caused by pro-hypertrophic humoral factors such as angiotensin II (Ang II), which regulates protein kinase activities. The intermingled responses of these kinases lead to the early compensated cardiac hypertrophy, but later to the uncompensated phase of heart failure. We have shown that although beneficial, cardiac hypertrophy is associated with modifications in ion channels that are mainly mediated through mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activation. This study evaluates the control of L-type Ca(2+) current (I(Ca,L)) by the Ang II/PI3K pathway in hypertrophied ventricular myocytes from volume-overload rats using the perforated patch-clamp technique. To assess activation of the I(Ca,L) in cardiomyocytes, voltages of 350 ms in 10 mV increments from a holding potential of -85 mV were applied to cardiocytes, with a pre-pulse to -45 mV for 300 ms. Volume overload-induced hypertrophy reduces I(Ca,L), whereas addition of Ang II alleviates the hypertrophic-induced decrease in a PI3K-dependent manner. Acute administration of Ang II (10(-6) mol/L) to normal adult cardiomyocytes had no effect; however, captopril reduced their basal I(Ca,L). In parallel, captopril regressed the hypertrophy and inverted the Ang II effect on I(Ca,L) seemingly through a PI3K upstream effector. Thus, it seems that regression of cardiac hypertrophy by captopril improved I(Ca,L) partly through PI3K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikiar Alvin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, WA 20059, USA
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Modgil A, Zhang Q, Pingili A, Singh N, Yao F, Ge J, Guo L, Xuan C, O'Rourke ST, Sun C. Angiotensin-(1-7) attenuates the chronotropic response to angiotensin II via stimulation of PTEN in the spontaneously hypertensive rat neurons. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 302:H1116-22. [PMID: 22198171 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00832.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have focused on the beneficial effects of peripheral angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] in the regulation of cardiovascular function, showing its counterregulatory effect against the actions of angiotensin II (ANG II). However, its actions in the central nervous system are not completely understood. In the present study, we investigated the intracellular mechanisms underlying the action of ANG-(1-7) using the patch-clamp technique in neurons cultured from the hypothalamus of neonatal spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Superfusion of neurons with ANG II (100 nM) significantly increased neuronal firing in both strains of rats, and this chronotropic effect of ANG II was significantly enhanced in prehypertensive SHR neurons compared with WKY rat neurons. The enhanced chronotropic effect of ANG II was attenuated by a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) inhibitor, LY 294002 (10 μM). Superfusion of neurons with ANG-(1-7) (100 nM) did not alter the neuronal firing rate in either SHR or WKY neurons; however, it significantly attenuated the chronotropic action of ANG II exclusively in prehypertensive SHR neurons. This counterregulatory effect of ANG-(1-7) on ANG II action in prehypertensive SHR neurons was attenuated by cotreatment with either A-779, a Mas receptor antagonist, or bisperoxovanadium, a phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) inhibitor. In addition, incubation of WKY and prehypertensive SHR neurons with ANG-(1-7) significantly increased PTEN activity. The data demonstrate that ANG-(1-7) counterregulates the chronotropic action of ANG II via a PTEN-dependent signaling pathway in prehypertensive SHR neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Modgil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
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31
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Rebois RV, Hébert TE. Protein Complexes Involved in Heptahelical Receptor-Mediated Signal Transduction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3109/10606820308243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Dou D, Guo Y, Ying L, Liu J, Xu X, Yu X, Gao Y. Inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase potentiates relaxation of porcine coronary arteries induced by nitroglycerin by decreasing phosphodiesterase type 5 activity. Circ J 2011; 76:230-7. [PMID: 22122966 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-11-0802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vessel tension can be modulated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) acting on l-type calcium channel, rho kinase and phosphodiesterase (PDE) type 3 in smooth muscle cells. Inhibition of PI3K could increase the relaxation of porcine coronary arteries to nitroglycerin independent of this pathway, and the aim of the present study was therefore to determine the underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Isolated porcine coronary arteries were dissected from the heart and cut into rings in ice-cold modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer. The response of these vessels was studied by using the organ chamber technique; the content of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) was determined by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit; and PI3K and Akt activity were determined by measuring the phosphorylation level of their downstream signaling molecule on Western blot. Inhibition of PI3K with 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-1(4H)-benzopyran-4-one hydrochloride (LY294002) potentiated the relaxation of porcine coronary arteries to nitroglycerin and nitric oxide (NO), but not to 8-bromo-guanosine 3'5'-cyclic monophosphate, isoproterenol or (R)-(+)-trans-4-(1-Aminoethyl)-N-(4-Pyridyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide dihydrochloride monohydrate (Y27632). Increased relaxation induced by LY294002 was eliminated by Akt1/2 kinase inhibitor (Akt-I: 1,3-dihydro-1-(1-((4-(6-phenyl-1H-imidazo(4,5-g)quinoxalin-7-yl)phenyl)methyl)-4-piperidinyl)-2H-benzimidazol-2-one trifluoroacetate salt hydrate) or zaprinast, but was not affected by 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one, nifedipine or milrinone. Inhibition of Akt caused similar effects as LY294002. Incubation with LY294002 or Akt-I decreased the activity of PI3K and Akt but augmented the elevation of cGMP caused by NO. Enhanced cGMP elevation induced by LY294002 or Akt-I was also eliminated by zaprinast. CONCLUSIONS PI3K-Akt signaling may affect vascular tone through a stimulatory effect on PDE type 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dou Dou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
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Carnevale D, Vecchione C, Mascio G, Esposito G, Cifelli G, Martinello K, Landolfi A, Selvetella G, Grieco P, Damato A, Franco E, Haase H, Maffei A, Ciraolo E, Fucile S, Frati G, Mazzoni O, Hirsch E, Lembo G. PI3Kγ inhibition reduces blood pressure by a vasorelaxant Akt/L-type calcium channel mechanism. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 93:200-9. [PMID: 22038741 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The lipid and protein kinase phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) is abundantly expressed in inflammatory cells and in the cardiovascular tissue. In recent years, its role in inflammation and in cardiac function and remodelling has been unravelled, highlighting the beneficial effects of its pharmacological inhibition. Furthermore, a role for PI3Kγ in the regulation of vascular tone has been emphasized. However, the impact of this signalling in the control of blood pressure is still poorly understood. Our study investigated the effect of a selective inhibition of PI3Kγ, obtained by using two independent small molecules, on blood pressure. Moreover, we dissected the molecular mechanisms involved in control of contraction of resistance arteries by PI3Kγ. METHODS AND RESULTS We showed that inhibition of PI3Kγ reduced blood pressure in normotensive and hypertensive mice in a concentration-dependent fashion. This effect was dependent on enhanced vasodilatation, documented in vivo by decreased peripheral vascular resistance, and ex vivo by vasorelaxing effects on isolated resistance vessels. The vasorelaxation induced by PI3Kγ inhibition relied on blunted pressure-induced Akt phosphorylation and a myogenic contractile response. Molecular insights revealed that PI3Kγ inhibition affected smooth muscle L-type calcium channel current density and calcium influx by impairing plasma membrane translocation of the α1C L-type calcium channel subunit responsible for channel open-state probability. CONCLUSION Overall our findings suggest that PI3Kγ inhibition could be a novel tool to modulate calcium influx in vascular smooth muscle cells, thus relaxing resistance arteries and lowering blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Carnevale
- Department of Angiocardioneurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
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Pemberton JG, Stafford JL, Yu Y, Chang JP. Differential involvement of phosphoinositide 3-kinase in gonadotrophin-releasing hormone actions in gonadotrophs and somatotrophs of goldfish, Carassius auratus. J Neuroendocrinol 2011; 23:660-74. [PMID: 21649760 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02172.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In goldfish, two endogenous gonadotrophin-releasing hormones (GnRHs) [salmon (s)GnRH and chicken (c)GnRH-II] control maturational gonadotrophin-II [lutenising hormone (LH)] and growth hormone (GH) secretion via Ca(2+)-dependent intracellular signalling pathways. We investigated the involvement of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) in GnRH-evoked LH and GH release and associated intracellular Ca(2+) increases ([Ca(2+)](i) ) in goldfish gonadotrophs and somatotrophs. Immunoreactive PI3K p85α, the predominant regulatory subunit for class IA PI3Ks, was detected in goldfish pituitary tissue extracts and both endogenous GnRH isoforms increased phosphorylation of PI3K p85α in excised pituitary fragments. sGnRH- and cGnRH-II-elicited LH release responses from primary cultures of pituitary cells and [Ca(2+)](i) increases in identified gonadotrophs were significantly reduced in the presence of PI3K inhibitors wortmannin (100 nm) and LY294002 (10 μm). Unexpectedly, wortmannin and LY294002 inhibited GnRH-evoked GH release but only attenuated the [Ca(2+)](i) response in identified somatotrophs to cGnRH-II, and not sGnRH. On the other hand, Ca(2+) ionophore-evoked LH and GH secretion remained unaltered in the presence of the PI3K inhibitors, suggesting that general decreases in the releasable hormone pool or sensitivity to [Ca(2+)](i) changes did not underlie the ability of wortmannin and LY294002 to reduce the actions of GnRH. These results provide the first evidence for the presence and involvement of PI3K in GnRH-induced LH and GH release in any primary pituitary cell system. In gonadotrophs, the inhibitory action of PI3K on both sGnRH and cGnRH-II involves the attenuation of their evoked [Ca(2+)](i); in contrast, GnRH isoform-specific effects occur in somatotrophs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua G Pemberton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Pinho JF, Medeiros MAA, Capettini LSA, Rezende BA, Campos PP, Andrade SP, Cortes SF, Cruz JS, Lemos VS. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-δ up-regulates L-type Ca2+ currents and increases vascular contractility in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 161:1458-71. [PMID: 20942845 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00955.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Vasculopathies represent the main cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes. Vascular malfunctioning in diabetes is associated with abnormal vasoconstriction and Ca(2+) handling by smooth muscle cells (SMC). Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K) are key mediators of insulin action and have been shown to modulate the function of voltage-dependent L-type Ca(2+) channels (Ca(V) 1.2). In the present work, we investigated the involvement of PI3K signalling in regulating Ca(2+) current through Ca(V) 1.2 (I(Ca,L) ) and vascular dysfunction in a mouse model of type I diabetes. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Changes in isometric tension were recorded on myograph. Ca(2+) currents in freshly dissociated mice aortic SMCs were measured using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Antisense techniques were used to knock-down the PI3Kδ isoform. KEY RESULTS Contractile responses to phenylephrine and KCl were strongly enhanced in diabetic aorta independent of a functional endothelium. The magnitude of phenylephrine-induced I(Ca,L) was also greatly augmented. PI3Kδ expression, but not PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, PI3Kγ, was increased in diabetic aortas and treatment of vessels with a selective PI3Kδ inhibitor normalized I(Ca,L) and contractile response of diabetic vessels. Moreover, knock-down of PI3Kδin vivo decreased PI3Kδ expression and normalized I(Ca,L) and contractile response of diabetic vessels ex vivo. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase δ was essential to the increased vascular contractile response in our model of type I diabetes. PI3Kδ signalling was up-regulated and most likely accounted for the increased I(Ca,L,) leading to increased vascular contractility. Blockade of PI3Kδ may represent a novel therapeutic approach to treat vascular dysfunction in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Pinho
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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López RM, Pérez T, Castillo C, Castillo EF. Effects induced by inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and nitric oxide synthase/guanylyl cyclase pathways on the isometric contraction in rat aorta: a comparative study. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2011; 25:313-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2010.00833.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M López
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, CP 11340, México, DF, México
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Ko ML, Shi L, Grushin K, Nigussie F, Ko GYP. Circadian profiles in the embryonic chick heart: L-type voltage-gated calcium channels and signaling pathways. Chronobiol Int 2011; 27:1673-96. [PMID: 20969517 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2010.514631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clocks exist in the heart tissue and modulate multiple physiological events, from cardiac metabolism to contractile function and expression of circadian oscillator and metabolic-related genes. Ample evidence has demonstrated that there are endogenous circadian oscillators in adult mammalian cardiomyocytes. However, mammalian embryos cannot be entrained independently to light-dark (LD) cycles in vivo without any maternal influence, but circadian genes are well expressed and able to oscillate in embryonic stages. The authors took advantage of using chick embryos that are independent of maternal influences to investigate whether embryonic hearts could be entrained under LD cycles in ovo. The authors found circadian regulation of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (L-VGCCs), the ion channels responsible for the production of cardiac muscle contraction in embryonic chick hearts. The mRNA levels and protein expression of VGCCα1C and VGCCα1D are under circadian control, and the average L-VGCC current density is significantly larger when cardiomyocytes are recorded during the night than day. The phosphorylation states of several kinases involved in insulin signaling and cardiac metabolism, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk), stress-activated protein kinase (p38), protein kinase B (Akt), and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), are also under circadian control. Both Erk and p38 have been implicated in regulating cardiac contractility and in the development of various pathological states, such as cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Even though both Erk and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling pathways participate in complex cellular processes regarding physiological or pathological states of cardiomyocytes, the circadian oscillators in the heart regulate these pathways independently, and both pathways contribute to the circadian regulation of L-VGCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Ko
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Haba M, Hatakeyama N, Kinoshita H, Teramae H, Azma T, Hatano Y, Matsuda N. The Modulation of Vascular ATP-Sensitive K+ Channel Function via the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase–Akt Pathway Activated by Phenylephrine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 334:673-8. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.167775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Cuadra AE, Shan Z, Sumners C, Raizada MK. A current view of brain renin-angiotensin system: Is the (pro)renin receptor the missing link? Pharmacol Ther 2010; 125:27-38. [PMID: 19723538 PMCID: PMC2815255 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a central role in the brain to regulate blood pressure (BP). This role includes the modulation of sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) that regulates vascular tone; the regulation of secretion of neurohormones that have a critical role in electrolyte as well as fluid homeostasis; and by influencing behavioral processes to increase salt and water intake. Based on decades of research it is clear that angiotensin II (Ang II), the major bioactive product of the RAS, mediates these actions largely via its Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R), located within hypothalamic and brainstem control centers. However, the mechanisms of brain RAS function have been questioned, due in large part to low expression levels of the rate limiting enzyme renin within the central nervous system. Tissue localized RAS has been observed in heart, kidney tubules and vascular cells. Studies have also given rise to the hypothesis for localized RAS function within the brain, so that Ang II can act in a paracrine manner to influence neuronal activity. The recently discovered (pro)renin receptor (PRR) may be key in this mechanism as it serves to sequester renin and prorenin for localized RAS activity. Thus, the PRR can potentially mitigate the low levels of renin expression in the brain to propagate Ang II action. In this review we examine the regulation, expression and functional properties of the various RAS components in the brain with particular focus on the different roles that PRR may have in BP regulation and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo E Cuadra
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, 100274 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Ras is an indispensable coregulator of the class IB phosphoinositide 3-kinase p87/p110gamma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:20312-7. [PMID: 19906996 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0905506106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Class I(B) phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma (PI3Kgamma) elicits various immunologic and cardiovascular responses; however, the molecular basis for this signal heterogeneity is unclear. PI3Kgamma consists of a catalytic p110gamma and a regulatory p87(PIKAP) (p87, also p84) or p101 subunit. Hitherto p87 and p101 are generally assumed to exhibit redundant functions in receptor-induced and G protein betagamma (Gbetagamma)-mediated PI3Kgamma regulation. Here we investigated the molecular mechanism for receptor-dependent p87/p110gamma activation. By analyzing GFP-tagged proteins expressed in HEK293 cells, PI3Kgamma-complemented bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) from p110gamma(-/-) mice, and purified recombinant proteins reconstituted to lipid vesicles, we elucidated a novel pathway of p87-dependent, G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-induced PI3Kgamma activation. Although p101 strongly interacted with Gbetagamma, thereby mediating PI3Kgamma membrane recruitment and stimulation, p87 exhibited only a weak interaction, resulting in modest kinase activation and lack of membrane recruitment. Surprisingly, Ras-GTP substituted the missing Gbetagamma-dependent membrane recruitment of p87/p110gamma by direct interaction with p110gamma, suggesting the indispensability of Ras for activation of p87/p110gamma. Consequently, interference with Ras signaling indeed selectively blocked p87/p110gamma, but not p101/p110gamma, kinase activity in HEK293 and BMMC cells, revealing an important crosstalk between monomeric and trimeric G proteins for p87/p110gamma activation. Our data display distinct signaling requirements of p87 and p101, conferring signaling specificity to PI3Kgamma that could open up new possibilities for therapeutic intervention.
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Rodríguez-Pacheco F, Vázquez-Martínez R, Martínez-Fuentes AJ, Pulido MR, Gahete MD, Vaudry H, Gracia-Navarro F, Diéguez C, Castaño JP, Malagón MM. Resistin regulates pituitary somatotrope cell function through the activation of multiple signaling pathways. Endocrinology 2009; 150:4643-52. [PMID: 19589870 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The adipokine resistin is an insulin-antagonizing factor that also plays a regulatory role in inflammation, immunity, food intake, and gonadal function. Although adipose tissue is the primary source of resistin, it is also expressed in other tissues and organs, including the pituitary. However, there is no information on whether resistin, as described previously for other adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin, could regulate this gland. Likewise, the molecular basis of resistin actions remains largely unexplored. Here we show that administration of resistin to dispersed rat anterior pituitary cells increased GH release in both the short (4 h) and long (24 h) term, decreased mRNA levels of the receptor of the somatotrope regulator ghrelin, and increased free cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration in single somatotropes. By means of a pharmacological approach, we found that the stimulatory action of resistin occurs through a Gs protein-dependent mechanism and that the adenylate cyclase/cAMP/protein kinase A pathway, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway, protein kinase C, and extracellular Ca(2+) entry through L-type voltage-sensitive Ca(2+) channels are essential players in mediating the effects of resistin on somatotropes. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time a regulatory role for resistin on somatotrope function and provide novel insights on the intracellular mechanisms activated by this protein.
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Young KC, Torres E, Hatzistergos KE, Hehre D, Suguihara C, Hare JM. Inhibition of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis attenuates neonatal hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Circ Res 2009; 104:1293-301. [PMID: 19423843 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.109.197533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of the neonatal lung to chronic hypoxia produces significant pulmonary vascular remodeling, right ventricular hypertrophy, and decreased lung alveolarization. Given recent data suggesting that stem cells could contribute to pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy, we tested the hypothesis that blockade of SDF-1 (stromal cell-derived factor 1), a key stem cell mobilizer or its receptor, CXCR4 (CXC chemokine receptor 4), would attenuate and reverse hypoxia-induced cardiopulmonary remodeling in newborn mice. Neonatal mice exposed to normoxia or hypoxia were randomly assigned to receive daily intraperitoneal injections of normal saline, AMD3100, or anti-SDF-1 antibody from postnatal day 1 to 7 (preventive strategy) or postnatal day 7 to 14 (therapeutic strategy). As compared to normal saline, inhibition of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis significantly improved lung alveolarization and decreased pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, vascular remodeling, vascular cell proliferation, and lung or right ventricular stem cell expressions to near baseline values. We therefore conclude that the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis both prevents and reverses hypoxia-induced cardiopulmonary remodeling in neonatal mice, by decreasing progenitor cell recruitment to the pulmonary vasculature, as well as by decreasing pulmonary vascular cell proliferation. These data offer novel insights into the role of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in the pathogenesis of neonatal hypoxia-induced cardiopulmonary remodeling and have important therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen C Young
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Gates A, Hohenester S, Anwer MS, Webster CRL. cAMP-GEF cytoprotection by Src tyrosine kinase activation of phosphoinositide-3-kinase p110 beta/alpha in rat hepatocytes. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2009; 296:G764-74. [PMID: 19196950 PMCID: PMC2670669 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.90622.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic AMP protects against hepatocyte apoptosis by a protein kinase A-independent cAMP-GEF/phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. However, the signaling pathway coupling cAMP-GEF with PI3K is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Src tyrosine kinases (Src-TYK) and PI3K-p110 isoforms in this pathway. Studies were done in rat hepatocytes using the hydrophobic bile acid glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDC) to induce apoptosis. cAMP-binding guanine nucleotide exchange factors (cAMP-GEFs) were selectively activated by using 4-(4-chloro-phenylthio)-2'-O-methyladenosine-3'-5'-cyclic monophosphate (CPT-2-Me-cAMP), which sequentially phosphorylated Src-TYK (within 1 min) followed by Akt (within 5 min). The Src inhibitors PP2 and SU6656 inhibited basal and CPT-2-Me-cAMP-mediated Src and Akt phosphorylation. These inhibitors had no effect on CPT-2-Me-cAMP-mediated activation of Rap GTPases. CPT-2-Me-cAMP induced transient Src dependent autophosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Inhibition of the EGFR with AG 1478 partially inhibited the ability of CPT-2-Me to phosphorylate Akt. Whereas PP2 completely abolished the protective effect of CPT-2-Me-cAMP in GCDC induced apoptosis, AG 1478 partially inhibited the cytoprotective effect. CPT-2-Me-cAMP treatment resulted in Src-dependent activation of the p110 beta and alpha subunits of PI3K, but only the latter was sensitive to inhibition with AG 1478. In conclusion, activation of cAMP-GEFs results in phosphorylation of Src-TYK and Akt and activation of the p110 beta/alpha subunits of PI3K. Maximal cAMP-GEF-mediated Akt phosphorylation as well as protection from bile acid-induced apoptosis requires activation of Src-TYK and the EGFR. These studies support the existence of two pathways: cAMP-GEF/Rap/Src/PI3Kbeta/Akt and cAMP-GEF/Rap/Src/EGFR/PI3Kalpha/Akt, both of which are necessary for maximal cytoprotective effect of cAMP-GEFs in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gates
- Departments of Clinical Sciences and Biomedical Sciences, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts
| | - Simon Hohenester
- Departments of Clinical Sciences and Biomedical Sciences, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts
| | - M. Sawkat Anwer
- Departments of Clinical Sciences and Biomedical Sciences, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts
| | - Cynthia R. L. Webster
- Departments of Clinical Sciences and Biomedical Sciences, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts
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Abstract
The diverse effects mediated by PI3K/PTEN (phosphoinositide 3-kinase/phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) signalling in the heart clearly support an important biological and pathophysiological role for this signalling cascade. PI3Ks are a family of evolutionarily conserved lipid kinases that mediate many cellular responses to physiological and pathophysiological stimuli. Class I PI3K can be activated by either receptor tyrosine kinase/cytokine receptor activation (class IA) or G-protein-coupled receptors (class IB), leading to the generation of phosphatidyl inositol (3,4,5)P3 and recruitment and activation of Akt/protein kinase B, 3'-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1), or monomeric G-proteins, and phosphorylation of a wide range of downstream targets including glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta), mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), p70S6 kinase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and several anti-apoptotic effectors. Class IA (PI3Kalpha, beta, and delta) and class IB (PI3Kgamma) PI3Ks mediate distinct phenotypes in the heart under negative control by the 3'-lipid phosphatase PTEN, which dephosphorylates PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 to generate PtdIns(4,5)P2. PI3Kalpha, PI3Kgamma, and PTEN are expressed in cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells, where they modulate cell survival, hypertrophy, contractility, metabolism, and mechanotransduction. The PI3K/PTEN signalling pathways are involved in a wide variety of diseases including myocardial hypertrophy and contractility, heart failure, and preconditioning. In this review, we discuss the signalling pathways mediated by PI3K class I isoforms and PTEN and their roles in cardiac structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Y Oudit
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2B7.
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Morello F, Perino A, Hirsch E. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase signalling in the vascular system. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 82:261-71. [PMID: 19038971 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvn325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are protein and lipid kinases activated by different classes of membrane receptors, including G-protein coupled and tyrosine kinase receptors. Several lines of evidence have uncovered specific roles for distinct PI3K isoforms in the vascular system in both physiology and disease. The present review will summarize and discuss the most recent advances regarding PI3K-Akt signalling in endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, platelets, and inflammatory cells involved in the atherosclerotic process. Of interest, the development of novel isoform-selective PI3K inhibitor drugs offers a unique opportunity to selectively and differentially target PI3K-driven pathways in the vascular system and may give rise to new strategies for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Morello
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
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Farghaly HSM, Blagbrough IS, Medina-Tato DA, Watson ML. Interleukin 13 increases contractility of murine tracheal smooth muscle by a phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110delta-dependent mechanism. Mol Pharmacol 2008; 73:1530-7. [PMID: 18276774 DOI: 10.1124/mol.108.045419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Th2 cytokine interleukin (IL) 13 can elicit a number of responses consistent with a key role in the pathogenesis of asthma. We have used pharmacological and genetic approaches to demonstrate the role of signaling via the class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110delta isoform in IL-13-induced hyper-responsiveness of murine tracheal smooth muscle contractility in vitro. IL-13 treatment of tracheal tissue is associated with an early activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), as assessed by phosphorylation of Akt. Tracheal smooth muscle contractility is enhanced by overnight incubation with IL-13, resulting in increased maximal contractions (E(max)) to carbachol (CCh) and KCl. Inhibition of PI3K by the non-isoform-selective inhibitors wortmannin or 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (LY294002), or the selective inhibitor of the PI3K p110delta isoform 2-(6-aminopurin-9-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-3-O-tolyl-3H-quinazolin-4-one (IC87114), prevented IL-13-induced hyper-responsiveness. Consistent with a role for PI3K p110delta in IL-13-induced hyper-responsiveness, IL-13 was unable to induce hyper-responsiveness in tissues from mice expressing the catalytically inactive form of p110delta (p110delta(D910A)). These data indicate that IL-13 contributes to tracheal smooth muscle hyper-responsiveness via the PI3K p110delta isoform. In addition to previously reported effects on airway inflammation, inhibition of PI3K p110delta may be a useful target for the treatment of asthma by preventing IL-13-induced airway smooth muscle hyper-responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan S M Farghaly
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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Lu Z, Jiang YP, Xu XH, Ballou LM, Cohen IS, Lin RZ. Decreased L-type Ca2+ current in cardiac myocytes of type 1 diabetic Akita mice due to reduced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling. Diabetes 2007; 56:2780-9. [PMID: 17666471 DOI: 10.2337/db06-1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Contraction of cardiac myocytes is initiated by Ca(2+) entry through the voltage-dependent L-type Ca(2+) channel (LTCC). Previous studies have shown that phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase signaling modulates LTCC function. Because PI 3-kinases are key mediators of insulin action, we investigated whether LTCC function is affected in diabetic animals due to reduced PI 3-kinase signaling. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used whole-cell patch clamping and biochemical assays to compare cardiac LTCC function and PI 3-kinase signaling in insulin-deficient diabetic mice heterozygous for the Ins2(Akita) mutation versus nondiabetic littermates. RESULTS Diabetic mice had a cardiac contractility defect, reduced PI 3-kinase signaling in the heart, and decreased L-type Ca(2+) current (I(Ca,L)) density in myocytes compared with control nondiabetic littermates. The lower I(Ca,L) density in myocytes from diabetic mice is due at least in part to reduced cell surface expression of the LTCC. I(Ca,L) density in myocytes from diabetic mice was increased to control levels by insulin treatment or intracellular infusion of PI 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P(3)]. This stimulatory effect was blocked by taxol, suggesting that PI(3,4,5)P(3) stimulates microtubule-dependent trafficking of the LTCC to the cell surface. The voltage dependence of steady-state activation and inactivation of I(Ca,L) was also shifted to more positive potentials in myocytes from diabetic versus nondiabetic animals. PI(3,4,5)P(3) infusion eliminated only the difference in voltage dependence of steady-state inactivation of I(Ca,L). CONCLUSIONS Decreased PI 3-kinase signaling in myocytes from type 1 diabetic mice leads to reduced Ca(2+) entry through the LTCC, which might contribute to the negative effect of diabetes on cardiac contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongju Lu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8151, USA
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Li Y, Day ML, O'Neill C. Autocrine activation of ion currents in the two-cell mouse embryo. Exp Cell Res 2007; 313:2786-94. [PMID: 17583695 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2006] [Revised: 05/16/2007] [Accepted: 05/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The actions of autocrine ligands are required for the normal development of the preimplantation embryo in vitro. These ligands act as survival factors for the preimplantation stage embryo. One autocrine ligand, paf (1-o-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-gylcero-3-phosphocholine), induced a dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium transient in the zygote and two-cell embryo, and these transients were required for the normal preimplantation stage survival. Paf induces an influx of external calcium through a dihydropyridine-sensitive channel. Dihydropyridine-sensitive currents are voltage-regulated, yet to date there is no evidence of membrane voltage depolarization in the two-cell embryo. To define the paf-induced calcium influx we have examined the response of the membrane potential and ion currents to paf in two-cell embryos. An initial response to paf challenge was the expression of an ion current (-15.6+/-1.6 pA) that was dependent upon extracellular calcium, was not voltage-gated but was dihydropyridine (nifedipine)-sensitive. This calcium current was followed (91+/-6 s after paf) by a net outward current (284+/-59 pA) that was composed of 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate-sensitive (anion channel blocker) and tetraethylammonium chloride-sensitive (K(+) channel blocker) currents. This current corresponded temporally with a marked paf-induced transient hyperpolarization of the membrane potential (-8.4+/-1.2 mV) that was dependent upon the generation of the calcium transient. The results directly demonstrate the activation of a voltage-independent calcium current in response to paf and show for the first time the expression of an afterhyperpolarization that occurs as a response to the calcium transient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Discipline of Physiology, University of Sydney, Australia
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Abstract
Pulsatile neuropeptide secretion is associated with burst firing patterns; however, intracellular signaling cascades leading to bursts remain unclear. We explored mechanisms underlying burst firing in oxytocin (OT) neurons in the supraoptic nucleus in brain slices from lactating rats. Application of 10 pm OT for 30 min or progressively rising OT concentrations from 1 to 100 pm induced burst firing in OT neurons in patch-clamp recordings. Burst generation was blocked by OT antagonist and ionotropic glutamate receptor blockers or tetanus toxin. Blocking G-protein activation with suramin or intracellular GDP-beta-S, but not intracellularly administered antibody against the OT-receptor (OTR) C terminus, blocked bursts. Moreover, pretreatment of slices with pertussis toxin, an inhibitor of G(i/o)-proteins, did not block OT-evoked bursts, suggesting that G(i)/G(o) activation is unnecessary for burst generation. Thus, we further examined G alpha(q/11)-associated signaling pathways in OT-evoked bursts. Inhibition of phospholipase C or RhoA/Rho kinase did not block bursts. Activation of G betagamma subunits using myristoylated G betagamma-binding peptide (mSIRK) caused bursts, whereas intracellularly loaded antibody against G beta subunit blocked OT-evoked bursts. Blocking Src family kinase, but not phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, occluded OT-evoked bursts. Similar to the effects of OT on EPSCs, mSIRK inhibited tonic EPSCs and elicited EPSC clustering. Finally, suckling caused dissociation of OTRs and G beta subunits from G alpha(q/11) subunits shown by coimmunoprecipitation and immunocytochemistry, supporting crucial roles for OTRs and G betagamma subunits in the milk-ejection reflex. We conclude that G betagamma subunits play a dominant role in burst firing evoked by applied OT or by suckling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
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Rakotoarisoa L, Carricaburu V, Leblanc C, Mironneau C, Mironneau J, Macrez N. Angiotensin II-induced delayed stimulation of phospholipase C gamma1 requires activation of both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase gamma and tyrosine kinase in vascular myocytes. J Cell Mol Med 2007; 10:734-48. [PMID: 16989733 PMCID: PMC3933155 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2006.tb00433.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In vascular smooth muscles, angiotensin II (AII) has been reported to activate phospholipase C (PLC) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). We investigated the time-dependent effects of AII on both phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdInsP3) and inositol phosphates (InsPs) accumulation in permeabilized microsomes from rat portal vein smooth muscle in comparison with those of noradrenaline (NA). AII stimulated an early production of PtdInsP3 (within 30 s) followed by a delayed production of InsPs (within 3-5 min), in contrast to NA which activated only a fast production of InsPs. The use of pharmacological inhibitors and antibodies raised against the PI3K and PLC isoforms expressed in portal vein smooth muscle showed that AII specifically activated PI3Kδ and that this isoform was involved in the AII-induced stimulation of InsPs accumulation. NA-induced InsPs accumulation depended on PLCβ1 activation whereas AII-induced InsPs accumulation depended on PLCγ1 activation. AII-induced PLCδ1 activation required both tyrosine kinase and PI3Kδ since genistein and tyrphostin B48 (inhibitors of tyrosine kinase), LY294002 and wortmannin (inhibitors of PI3K) and anti-PI3Kδ antibody abolished AII-induced stimulation of InsPs accumulation. Increased tyrosine phosphorylation of PLCβ1 was only detected for long-lasting applications of AII and was suppressed by genistein. These data indicate that activation of both PI3Kβ and tyrosine kinase is a prerequisite for AII-induced stimulation of PLCβ1 in vascular smooth muscle and suggest that the sequential activation of the three enzymes may be responsible for the slow and long-lasting contraction induced by AII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lala Rakotoarisoa
- Laboratoire de Signalisation et Interactions Cellulaires, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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