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Camargo LDL, Trevelin SC, da Silva GHG, Dos Santos Dias AA, Oliveira MA, Mikhaylichenko O, Androwiki ACD, Dos Santos CX, Holbrook LM, Ceravolo GS, Denadai-Souza A, Ribeiro IMR, Sartoretto S, Laurindo FRM, Coltri PP, Antunes VR, Touyz R, Miller FJ, Shah AM, Lopes LR. Protein disulfide isomerase-mediated transcriptional upregulation of Nox1 contributes to vascular dysfunction in hypertension. J Hypertens 2024; 42:984-999. [PMID: 38690903 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Nox1 signaling is a causal key element in arterial hypertension. Recently, we identified protein disulfide isomerase A1 (PDI) as a novel regulatory protein that regulates Nox1 signaling in VSMCs. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) have increased levels of PDI in mesenteric resistance arteries compared with Wistar controls; however, its consequences remain unclear. Herein, we investigated the role of PDI in mediating Nox1 transcriptional upregulation and its effects on vascular dysfunction in hypertension. We demonstrate that PDI contributes to the development of hypertension via enhanced transcriptional upregulation of Nox1 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We show for the first time that PDI sulfenylation by hydrogen peroxide contributes to EGFR activation in hypertension via increased shedding of epidermal growth factor-like ligands. PDI also increases intracellular calcium levels, and contractile responses induced by ANG II. PDI silencing or pharmacological inhibition in VSMCs significantly decreases EGFR activation and Nox1 transcription. Overexpression of PDI in VSMCs enhances ANG II-induced EGFR activation and ATF1 translocation to the nucleus. Mechanistically, PDI increases ATF1-induced Nox1 transcription and enhances the contractile responses to ANG II. Herein we show that ATF1 binding to Nox1 transcription putative regulatory regions is augmented by PDI. Altogether, we provide evidence that HB-EGF in SHR resistance vessels promotes the nuclear translocation of ATF1, under the control of PDI, and thereby induces Nox1 gene expression and increases vascular reactivity. Thus, PDI acts as a thiol redox-dependent enhancer of vascular dysfunction in hypertension and could represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia De Lucca Camargo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences
| | - Silvia Cellone Trevelin
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London
| | | | | | - Maria Aparecida Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | - Olga Mikhaylichenko
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London
| | - Aline C D Androwiki
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | - Celio Xavier Dos Santos
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London
| | | | | | | | | | - Simone Sartoretto
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Patricia Pereira Coltri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | - Vagner Roberto Antunes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | - Rhian Touyz
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Francis J Miller
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ajay M Shah
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London
| | - Lucia Rossetti Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
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Mohan S, Nair A, Poornima MS, Raghu KG. Vanillic acid mitigates hyperinsulinemia induced ER stress mediated altered calcium homeostasis, MAMs distortion and surplus lipogenesis in HepG2 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 375:110365. [PMID: 36764371 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Hyperinsulinemia (HI) induced insulin resistance (IR) and associated pathologies are the burning and unsolvable issues in diabetes treatment. The cellular, molecular and biochemical events associated with HI are not yet elucidated. Similarly, no focused research on designing therapeutic strategies with natural products for attenuation of HI are seen in literature. Keeping this in mind we planned the present study to evaluate the alterations occurring at ER/Ca2+ homeostasis/mitochondria associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) in HepG2 cells during HI and to evaluate the possible beneficial effect of vanillic acid (VA) to mitigate the complications. An in vitro model of HI was established by treating HepG2 cells with human insulin (1 μM) for 24 h. Then, ER stress, Ca2+ homeostasis, MAMs, IR and hepatic lipogenesis were studied at protein level. Various proteins critical to ER, Ca2+ homeostasis and MAMs such as p-IRE-1α, ATF6, p-PERK, p-eIF2α, CHOP, XBP1, p-CAMKII, InsP3R, SERCA, JNK, GRP78, VDAC, Cyp D, GRP75, MFN2, PTEN and mTORC were studied and found altered significantly causing ER stress, defect in Ca2+ movements and distortion of MAMs. The decreased expression of IRS2 and an unaltered expression of IRS1 confirmed the development of selective insulin resistance in hepatocytes during HI and this was the crucial factor for the progression of the hepatic lipid accumulation. We found simultaneous treatment of VA is beneficial up to a certain extent to protect HepG2 cells from the adverse effect of HI via its antioxidant, antilipogenic, mitochondrial and ER protection properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreelekshmi Mohan
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agro-processing and Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Anupama Nair
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agro-processing and Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - M S Poornima
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agro-processing and Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - K G Raghu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agro-processing and Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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3
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Kim TW. Nodakenin Induces ROS-Dependent Apoptotic Cell Death and ER Stress in Radioresistant Breast Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020492. [PMID: 36830050 PMCID: PMC9952086 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Angelica gigas exerts powerful anti-tumor and anti-cancer effects in various cancer cell types. However, there have been few studies regarding the anti-cancer effect of nodakenin, a bioactive compound of Angelica gigas, in vivo and in vitro on breast cancers. I found that nodakenin, in a concentration-dependent manner, inhibits breast cancer cell viability and decreases the tumor volume in mice. Additionally, nodakenin induces caspase-3-dependent apoptosis in breast cancer cells; however, the combination of Z-VAD-FMK and nodakenin suppresses the caspase-3-dependent apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, nodakenin mediates apoptotic cell death via the PERK-mediated signaling pathway and calcium (Ca2+) release, and nodakenin combined with thapsigargin induces synergistic cell death by inhibiting sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+-ATPase. However, knockdown of PERK or CHOP inhibits Ca2+ generation and caspase-dependent apoptosis in nodakenin-treated breast cancer cells. Nodakenin induces ROS and Ca2+ generation, ER stress, and apoptotic cell death; however, the knockdown of Nox4 inhibits ROS generation and ER stress- and caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death. In addition, nodakenin combined with radiation overcomes radioresistance in radioresistant breast cancer cells by suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotypes, including the decrease in E-cadherin and the increase in N-cadherin and vimentin. Therefore, these findings indicate that nodakenin may be a novel therapeutic strategy for breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Woo Kim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Dongguk University-WISE, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
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4
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López-Acosta O, Ruiz-Ramírez A, Barrios-Maya MÁ, Alarcon-Aguilar J, Alarcon-Enos J, Céspedes Acuña CL, El-Hafidi M. Lipotoxicity, glucotoxicity and some strategies to protect vascular smooth muscle cell against proliferative phenotype in metabolic syndrome. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 172:113546. [PMID: 36513245 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and atherosclerosis through a mechanism that involves vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity. Several molecules found to be increased in MetS, including free fatty acids, fatty acid binding protein 4, leptin, resistin, oxidized lipoprotein particles, and advanced glycation end products, influence VSMC proliferation. Most of these molecules act through their receptors on VSMCs by activating several signaling pathways associated with ROS generation in various cellular compartments. ROS from NADPH-oxidase and mitochondria have been found to promote VSMC proliferation and cell cycle progression. In addition, most of the natural or synthetic substances described in this review, including pharmaceuticals with hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties, attenuate VSMC proliferation by their simultaneous modulation of cell signaling and their scavenging property due to the presence of a phenolic ring in their structure. This review discusses recent data in the literature on the role that several MetS-related molecules and ROS play in the change from contractile to proliferative phenotype of VSMCs. Hence the importance of proposing an appropriate strategy to prevent uncontrolled VSMC proliferation using antioxidants, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ocarol López-Acosta
- Depto de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No 1, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Angélica Ruiz-Ramírez
- Depto de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No 1, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Miguel-Ángel Barrios-Maya
- Depto de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No 1, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Javier Alarcon-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Depto. de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Iztapalapa, Mexico
| | - Julio Alarcon-Enos
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bio Bio, Av. Andres Bello 720, Chillan, Chile
| | - Carlos L Céspedes Acuña
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bio Bio, Av. Andres Bello 720, Chillan, Chile.
| | - Mohammed El-Hafidi
- Depto de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No 1, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, México D.F., Mexico.
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5
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Hu XQ, Zhang L. Oxidative Regulation of Vascular Ca v1.2 Channels Triggers Vascular Dysfunction in Hypertension-Related Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122432. [PMID: 36552639 PMCID: PMC9774363 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood pressure is determined by cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance. The L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ (Cav1.2) channel in small arteries and arterioles plays an essential role in regulating Ca2+ influx, vascular resistance, and blood pressure. Hypertension and preeclampsia are characterized by high blood pressure. In addition, diabetes has a high prevalence of hypertension. The etiology of these disorders remains elusive, involving the complex interplay of environmental and genetic factors. Common to these disorders are oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from NADPH oxidases (NOXs) and mitochondria are primary sources of vascular oxidative stress, whereas dysfunction of the Cav1.2 channel confers increased vascular resistance in hypertension. This review will discuss the importance of ROS derived from NOXs and mitochondria in regulating vascular Cav1.2 and potential roles of ROS-mediated Cav1.2 dysfunction in aberrant vascular function in hypertension, diabetes, and preeclampsia.
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Park JM, Do VQ, Seo YS, Kim HJ, Nam JH, Yin MZ, Kim HJ, Kim SJ, Griendling KK, Lee MY. NADPH Oxidase 1 Mediates Acute Blood Pressure Response to Angiotensin II by Contributing to Calcium Influx in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:e117-e130. [PMID: 35354309 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.317239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium ions (Ca2+) are among the major effectors of Ang II (angiotensin II) in vascular smooth muscle cells. ROS are related to Ca2+ signaling or contraction induced by Ang II, but little is known about their detailed functions. Here, NOX (NADPH oxidase), a major ROS source responsive to Ang II, was investigated regarding its contribution to Ca2+ signaling. METHODS Vascular smooth muscle cells were primary cultured from rat aorta. Ca2+ and ROS were monitored mainly using fura-2 and HyPer family probes' respectively. Signals activating NOX were examined with relevant pharmacological inhibitors and genetic manipulation techniques. RESULTS Ang II-induced ROS generation was found to be biphasic: the first phase of ROS production, which was mainly mediated by NOX1, was small and transient, preceding a rise in Ca2+, and the second phase of ROS generation, mediated by NOX1 and NOX4, was slow but sizeable, continuing over tens of minutes. NOX1-derived superoxide in the first phase is required for Ca2+ influx through nonselective cation channels. AT1R (Ang II type 1 receptor)-Gβγ-PI3Kγ (phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ) signaling pathway was responsible for the rapid activation of NOX1 in the first phase, while in the second phase, NOX1 was further activated by a separate AT1R-Gαq/11-PLC (phospholipase C)-PKCβ (protein kinase C β) signaling axis. Consistent with these observations, aortas from NOX1-knockout mice exhibited reduced contractility in response to Ang II, and thus the acute pressor response to Ang II was also attenuated in NOX1-knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS NOX1 mediates Ca2+ signal generation and thereby contributes to vascular contraction and blood pressure elevation by Ang II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Min Park
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (J.-M.P., V.Q.D., Y.-S.S., M.-Y.L.)
| | - Van Quan Do
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (J.-M.P., V.Q.D., Y.-S.S., M.-Y.L.)
| | - Yoon-Seok Seo
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (J.-M.P., V.Q.D., Y.-S.S., M.-Y.L.)
| | - Hyun Jong Kim
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea (H.J.K., J.H.N.)
| | - Joo Hyun Nam
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea (H.J.K., J.H.N.)
| | - Ming Zhe Yin
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (M.Z.Y., H.J.K., S.J.K.)
| | - Hae Jin Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (M.Z.Y., H.J.K., S.J.K.)
| | - Sung Joon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (M.Z.Y., H.J.K., S.J.K.)
| | - Kathy K Griendling
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (K.K.G.)
| | - Moo-Yeol Lee
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (J.-M.P., V.Q.D., Y.-S.S., M.-Y.L.)
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7
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Yu T, Huang D, Wu H, Chen H, Chen S, Cui Q. Navigating Calcium and Reactive Oxygen Species by Natural Flavones for the Treatment of Heart Failure. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:718496. [PMID: 34858167 PMCID: PMC8630744 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.718496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF), the leading cause of death among men and women world-wide, causes great health and economic burdens. HF can be triggered by many factors, such as coronary artery disease, heart attack, cardiomyopathy, hypertension, obesity, etc., all of which have close relations with calcium signal and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Calcium is an essential second messenger in signaling pathways, playing a pivotal role in regulating the life and death of cardiomyocytes via the calcium-apoptosis link mediated by the cellular level of calcium. Meanwhile, calcium can also control the rate of energy production in mitochondria that are the major resources of ROS whose overproduction can lead to cell death. More importantly, there are bidirectional interactions between calcium and ROS, and such interactions may have therapeutic implications in treating HF through finely tuning the balance between these two by certain drugs. Many naturally derived products, e.g., flavones and isoflavones, have been shown to possess activities in regulating calcium and ROS simultaneously, thereby leading to a balanced microenvironment in heart tissues to exert therapeutic efficacies in HF. In this mini review, we aimed to provide an updated knowledge of the interplay between calcium and ROS in the development of HF. In addition, we summarized the recent studies (in vitro, in vivo and in clinical trials) using natural isolated flavones and isoflavones in treating HF. Critical challenges are also discussed. The information collected may help to evoke multidisciplinary efforts in developing novel agents for the potential prevention and treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danhua Huang
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haokun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haibin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingbin Cui
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Chen NX, O'Neill KD, Dominguez JM, Moe SM. Regulation of reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis of matrix vesicles induced calcification of recipient vascular smooth muscle cells. Vasc Med 2021; 26:585-594. [PMID: 34338093 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x211024721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increased oxidative stress is associated with vascular calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We have previously demonstrated that cellular-derived matrix vesicles (MV), but not media-derived MV, are endocytosed in the presence of phosphorus by recipient normal rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and induce calcification through ERK1/2 and [Ca2+]i signaling. We hypothesized that these changes were mediated by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. METHODS MV were co-cultured with recipient VSMC in the presence of high phosphorus and ROS production and cell signaling assessed. RESULTS The results demonstrated MV endocytosis led to increased ROS production in recipient VSMC with no increase in mitochondrial oxygen consumption or oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), indicating the ROS was not from the mitochondria. The use of inhibitors demonstrated that endocytosis of these MV by VSMC led to a signaling cascade in the cytoplasm beginning with ERK1/2 signaling, then increased [Ca2+]i and stimulation of ROS production, mediated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX)1/4. Media-derived MV did not induce this cascade, indicating endocytosis itself was not a factor. Furthermore, inhibition of either ERK1/2 activation or [Ca2+]i reduced vascular calcification. CONCLUSION We conclude that endocytosis of pro-mineralizing MV can induce a series of signaling events in normal VSMC that culminate in generation of ROS via activation of NOX1/4. Understanding these pathways will allow the development of future targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal X Chen
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kalisha D O'Neill
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - James M Dominguez
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sharon M Moe
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Roduebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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9
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Song W, Ye J, Pan N, Tan C, Herrmann M. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Tied to Rheumatoid Arthritis: Points to Ponder. Front Immunol 2021; 11:578129. [PMID: 33584645 PMCID: PMC7878527 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.578129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, neutrophil extracellular traps at the forefront of neutrophil biology have proven to help capture and kill pathogens involved in the inflammatory process. There is growing evidence that persistent neutrophil extracellular traps drive the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In this paper, we summarize the potential of neutrophil extracellular traps to drive the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and experimental animal models. We also describe the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in association with neutrophil extracellular traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Song
- Department of Rheumatology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Rheumatology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nanfang Pan
- Department of Rheumatology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunyu Tan
- Department of Rheumatology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Universitätsklinik Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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10
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Maietta V, Reyes-García J, Yadav VR, Zheng YM, Peng X, Wang YX. Cellular and Molecular Processes in Pulmonary Hypertension. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1304:21-38. [PMID: 34019261 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68748-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive lung disease characterized by persistent pulmonary vasoconstriction. Another well-recognized characteristic of PH is the muscularization of peripheral pulmonary arteries. This pulmonary vasoremodeling manifests in medial hypertrophy/hyperplasia of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) with possible neointimal formation. The underlying molecular processes for these two major vascular responses remain not fully understood. On the other hand, a series of very recent studies have shown that the increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) seems to be an important player in mediating pulmonary vasoconstriction and vasoremodeling, thereby leading to PH. Mitochondria are a primary site for ROS production in pulmonary artery (PA) SMCs, which subsequently activate NADPH oxidase to induce further ROS generation, i.e., ROS-induced ROS generation. ROS control the activity of multiple ion channels to induce intracellular Ca2+ release and extracellular Ca2+ influx (ROS-induced Ca2+ release and influx) to cause PH. ROS and Ca2+ signaling may synergistically trigger an inflammatory cascade to implicate in PH. Accordingly, this paper explores the important roles of ROS, Ca2+, and inflammatory signaling in the development of PH, including their reciprocal interactions, key molecules, and possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vic Maietta
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Jorge Reyes-García
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.,Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Vishal R Yadav
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Yun-Min Zheng
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - Xu Peng
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Yong-Xiao Wang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
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11
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Fernandes DC, Wosniak J, Gonçalves RC, Tanaka LY, Fernandes CG, Zanatta DB, de Mattos ABM, Strauss BE, Laurindo FRM. PDIA1 acts as master organizer of NOX1/NOX4 balance and phenotype response in vascular smooth muscle. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 162:603-614. [PMID: 33227407 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Changes in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype underlie disease pathophysiology and are strongly regulated by NOX NADPH oxidases, with NOX1 favoring synthetic proliferative phenotype and NOX4 supporting differentiation. Growth factor-triggered NOX1 expression/activity strictly depends on the chaperone oxidoreductase protein disulfide isomerase-A1 (PDIA1). Intracellular PDIA1 is required for VSMC migration and cytoskeleton organization, while extracellular PDIA1 fine-tunes cytoskeletal mechanoadaptation and vascular remodeling. We hypothesized that PDIA1 orchestrates NOX1/NOX4 balance and VSMC phenotype. Using an inducible PDIA1 overexpression model in VSMC, we showed that early PDIA1 overexpression (for 24-48 h) increased NOX1 expression, hydrogen peroxide steady-state levels and spontaneous VSMC migration distances. Sustained PDIA1 overexpression for 72 h and 96 h supported high NOX1 levels while also increasing NOX4 expression and, remarkably, switched VSMC phenotype to differentiation. Differentiation was preceded by increased nuclear myocardin and serum response factor-response element activation, with no change in cell viability. Both NOX1 and hydrogen peroxide were necessary for later PDIA1-induced VSMC differentiation. In primary VSMC, PDIA1 knockdown decreased nuclear myocardin and increased the proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression. Newly-developed PDIA1-overexpressing mice (TgPDIA1) exhibited normal general and cardiovascular baseline phenotypes. However, in TgPDIA1 carotids, NOX1 was decreased while NOX4 and calponin expressions were enhanced, indicating overdifferentiation vs. normal carotids. Moreover, in a rabbit overdistension injury model during late vascular repair, PDIA1 silencing impaired VSMC redifferentiation and NOX1/NOX4 balance. Our results suggest a model in which PDIA1 acts as an upstream organizer of NOX1/NOX4 balance and related VSMC phenotype, accounting for baseline differentiation setpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise C Fernandes
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - João Wosniak
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata C Gonçalves
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Y Tanaka
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina G Fernandes
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela B Zanatta
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology/LIM24, Cancer Institute of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Barbosa M de Mattos
- Laboratory of Genetic and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bryan E Strauss
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology/LIM24, Cancer Institute of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco R M Laurindo
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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12
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Terzi A, Suter DM. The role of NADPH oxidases in neuronal development. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 154:33-47. [PMID: 32370993 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis and function when produced in physiological ranges. Important sources of cellular ROS include NADPH oxidases (Nox), which are evolutionary conserved multi-subunit transmembrane proteins. Nox-mediated ROS regulate variety of biological processes including hormone synthesis, calcium signaling, cell migration, and immunity. ROS participate in intracellular signaling by introducing post-translational modifications to proteins and thereby altering their functions. The central nervous system (CNS) expresses different Nox isoforms during both development and adulthood. Here, we review the role of Nox-mediated ROS during CNS development. Specifically, we focus on how individual Nox isoforms contribute to signaling in neural stem cell maintenance and neuronal differentiation, as well as neurite outgrowth and guidance. We also discuss how ROS regulates the organization and dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton in the neuronal growth cone. Finally, we review recent evidence that Nox-derived ROS modulate axonal regeneration upon nervous system injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslihan Terzi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Daniel M Suter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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13
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Wani SA, Khan LA, Basir SF. Cobalt-Induced Hypercontraction is Mediated by Generationof Reactive Oxygen Species and Influx of Calcium in Isolated RatAorta. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 196:110-118. [PMID: 31520195 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01890-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the mechanism of cobalt-mediated phenylephrine (PE)-induced contraction in endothelium-intact isolated Wistar rat aortic rings. Effect of dose-dependent concentrations of cobalt on PE-induced contraction was investigated in isolated Wistar rat aortic rings using an organ bath system. Aortic rings were pre-incubated with verapamil (1 μM and 20 μM), gadolinium, apocynin, indomethacin or N-G-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) separately before incubation with cobalt. Endothelium-intact aortic rings were incubated with 800 nM, 1 μM, 10 μM, 50 μM cobalt; we observed 20%, 22%, 32% and 27% increased contractions respectively, while no effect was seen in tension recording on cobalt exposure. Incubation of endothelium-intact aortic rings with 100 μM apocynin and 100 μM L-NAME suggested the role of NADPH oxidase in generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decrease in bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) from eNOS on exposure to cobalt. Aortic rings pre-incubated with 1 μM and 20 μM verapamil suggested role of both L-type and T-type calcium channels in influx of extracellular calcium in smooth muscle cells. We observed no role of store-operated calcium channels (SOCC) in calcium influx due to cobalt exposure and cyclooxygenase in generation of prostanoids in isolated aortic rings. Cobalt caused rise of PE-induced contractions as a result of the endothelial generation of ROS, by decreasing bioavailability of NO. Generation of ROS may be responsible for causing the influx of extracellular calcium through L-type and T-type Ca2+ channels in smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luqman Ahmad Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Seemi Farhat Basir
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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14
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França KC, Martinez PA, Prado ML, Lo SM, Borges BE, Zanata SM, San Martin A, Nakao LS. Quiescin/sulfhydryl oxidase 1b (QSOX1b) induces migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells by distinct redox pathways. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 679:108220. [PMID: 31812669 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Quiescent and contractile VSMC can switch to proliferative and migratory phenotype in response to growth factors and cytokines, an effect underscored by Nox family NADPH oxidases, particularly Nox1. We previously showed that quiescin/sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) has a role in neointima formation in balloon-injured rat carotid. Here, we investigated the intracellular redox mechanisms underlying these effects in primary VSMC. Our results show that exogenous incubation with wild type QSOX1b (wt QSOX), or with secreted QSOX1, but not with the inactive C452S QSOX 1b (C452S QSOX) or secreted inactive C455S QSOX1, induces VSMC migration and chemotaxis. PEG-catalase (PEG-CAT) prevented, while PEG-superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD) increased migration induced by wt QSOX. Moreover, wt QSOX-induced migration was abrogated in NOX1-null VSMC. In contrast, both wt QSOX and C452S QSOX, and both secreted QSOX1 and C455S QSOX1, induce cell proliferation. Such effect was unaltered by PEG-CAT, while being inhibited by PEG-SOD. However, QSOX1-induced proliferation was not significantly affected in NOX1-null VSMC, compared with WT VSMC. These results indicate that hydrogen peroxide and superoxide mediate, respectively, migration and proliferation. However, Nox1 was required only for QSOX1-induced migration. In parallel, QSOX1-induced proliferation was independent of its redox activity, although mediated by intracellular superoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karime C França
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Pierina A Martinez
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Maiara L Prado
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Sze M Lo
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Beatriz E Borges
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Silvio M Zanata
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | | | - Lia S Nakao
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil.
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15
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Gimenez M, Veríssimo-Filho S, Wittig I, Schickling BM, Hahner F, Schürmann C, Netto LES, Rosa JC, Brandes RP, Sartoretto S, De Lucca Camargo L, Abdulkader F, Miller FJ, Lopes LR. Redox Activation of Nox1 (NADPH Oxidase 1) Involves an Intermolecular Disulfide Bond Between Protein Disulfide Isomerase and p47 phox in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:224-236. [PMID: 30580571 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective- PDI (protein disulfide isomerase A1) was reported to support Nox1 (NADPH oxidase) activation mediated by growth factors in vascular smooth muscle cells. Our aim was to investigate the molecular mechanism by which PDI activates Nox1 and the functional implications of PDI in Nox1 activation in vascular disease. Approach and Results- Using recombinant proteins, we identified a redox interaction between PDI and the cytosolic subunit p47phox in vitro. Mass spectrometry of crosslinked peptides confirmed redox-dependent disulfide bonds between cysteines of p47phox and PDI and an intramolecular bond between Cys 196 and 378 in p47phox. PDI catalytic Cys 400 and p47phox Cys 196 were essential for the activation of Nox1 by PDI in vascular smooth muscle cells. Transfection of PDI resulted in the rapid oxidation of a redox-sensitive protein linked to p47phox, whereas PDI mutant did not promote this effect. Mutation of p47phox Cys 196, or the redox active cysteines of PDI, prevented Nox1 complex assembly and vascular smooth muscle cell migration. Proximity ligation assay confirmed the interaction of PDI and p47phox in murine carotid arteries after wire injury. Moreover, in human atheroma plaques, a positive correlation between the expression of PDI and p47phox occurred only in PDI family members with the a' redox active site. Conclusions- PDI redox cysteines facilitate Nox1 complex assembly, thus identifying a new mechanism through which PDI regulates Nox activity in vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Gimenez
- From the Department of Pharmacology (M.G., S.V.-F., S.S., L.D.L.C., L.R.L.), University of São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (M.G., B.M.S., F.J.M.)
| | - Sidney Veríssimo-Filho
- From the Department of Pharmacology (M.G., S.V.-F., S.S., L.D.L.C., L.R.L.), University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ilka Wittig
- Functional Proteomics Core Unit (I.W.), Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Brandon M Schickling
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (M.G., B.M.S., F.J.M.).,Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.M.S., S.S., F.J.M.)
| | - Fabian Hahner
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (F.H., C.S., R.P.B.), Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christoph Schürmann
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (F.H., C.S., R.P.B.), Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Luis E S Netto
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences (L.E.S.N.), University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José César Rosa
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School (J.C.R.), University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (F.H., C.S., R.P.B.), Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Simone Sartoretto
- From the Department of Pharmacology (M.G., S.V.-F., S.S., L.D.L.C., L.R.L.), University of São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.M.S., S.S., F.J.M.)
| | - Lívia De Lucca Camargo
- From the Department of Pharmacology (M.G., S.V.-F., S.S., L.D.L.C., L.R.L.), University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Abdulkader
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics (F.A.), University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francis J Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (M.G., B.M.S., F.J.M.).,Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.M.S., S.S., F.J.M.).,Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC (F.J.M.)
| | - Lucia Rossetti Lopes
- From the Department of Pharmacology (M.G., S.V.-F., S.S., L.D.L.C., L.R.L.), University of São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Zhang L, Wu JH, Huang TQ, Nepliouev I, Brian L, Zhang Z, Wertman V, Rudemiller NP, McMahon TJ, Shenoy SK, Miller FJ, Crowley SD, Freedman NJ, Stiber JA. Drebrin regulates angiotensin II-induced aortic remodelling. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:1806-1815. [PMID: 29931051 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims The actin-binding protein Drebrin is up-regulated in response to arterial injury and reduces smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration and proliferation through its interaction with the actin cytoskeleton. We, therefore, tested the hypothesis that SMC Drebrin inhibits angiotensin II-induced remodelling of the proximal aorta. Methods and results Angiotensin II was administered via osmotic minipumps at 1000 ng/kg/min continuously for 28 days in SM22-Cre+/Dbnflox/flox (SMC-Dbn-/-) and control mice. Blood pressure responses to angiotensin II were assessed by telemetry. After angiotensin II infusion, we assessed remodelling in the proximal ascending aorta by echocardiography and planimetry of histological cross sections. Although the degree of hypertension was equivalent in SMC-Dbn-/- and control mice, SMC-Dbn-/- mice nonetheless exhibited 60% more proximal aortic medial thickening and two-fold more outward aortic remodelling than control mice in response to angiotensin II. Proximal aortas demonstrated greater cellular proliferation and matrix deposition in SMC-Dbn-/- mice than in control mice, as evidenced by a higher prevalence of proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive nuclei and higher levels of collagen I. Compared with control mouse aortas, SMC-Dbn-/- aortas demonstrated greater angiotensin II-induced NADPH oxidase activation and inflammation, evidenced by higher levels of Ser-536-phosphorylated NFκB p65 subunits and higher levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and adventitial macrophages. Conclusions We conclude that SMC Drebrin deficiency augments angiotensin II-induced inflammation and adverse aortic remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jiao-Hui Wu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tai-Qin Huang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Igor Nepliouev
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Leigh Brian
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zhushan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Virginia Wertman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nathan P Rudemiller
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Timothy J McMahon
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sudha K Shenoy
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Francis J Miller
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Steven D Crowley
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Neil J Freedman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan A Stiber
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, USA
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17
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Chakraborti S, Sarkar J, Chakraborti T. Role of PLD-PKCζ signaling axis in p47phox phosphorylation for activation of NADPH oxidase by angiotensin II in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:678-694. [PMID: 30977575 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We sought to determine the mechanism by which angiotensin II (ANGII) stimulates NADPH oxidase-mediated superoxide (O2 .- ) production in bovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (BPASMCs). ANGII-induced increase in phospholipase D (PLD) and NADPH oxidase activities were inhibited upon pretreatment of the cells with chemical and genetic inhibitors of PLD2, but not PLD1. Immunoblot study revealed that ANGII treatment of the cells markedly increases protein kinase C-α (PKC-α), -δ, -ε, and -ζ levels in the cell membrane. Pretreatment of the cells with chemical and genetic inhibitors of PKC-ζ, but not PKC-α, -δ, and -ε, attenuated ANGII-induced increase in NADPH oxidase activity without a discernible change in PLD activity. Transfection of the cells with p47phox small interfering RNA inhibited ANGII-induced increase in NADPH oxidase activity without a significant change in PLD activity. Pretreatment of the cells with the chemical and genetic inhibitors of PLD2 and PKC-ζ inhibited ANGII-induced p47phox phosphorylation and subsequently translocation from cytosol to the cell membrane, and also inhibited its association with p22phox (a component of membrane-associated NADPH oxidase). Overall, PLD-PKCζ-p47phox signaling axis plays a crucial role in ANGII-induced increase in NADPH oxidase-mediated O2 .- production in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajal Chakraborti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal 741235, India
| | - Jaganmay Sarkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal 741235, India
| | - Tapati Chakraborti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal 741235, India
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18
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Choi H, Stark RJ, Raja BS, Dikalova A, Lamb FS. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 activation by Nox1-derived oxidants is required for TNFα receptor endocytosis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H1528-H1537. [PMID: 30925081 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00741.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) is a proinflammatory cytokine that is closely linked to the development of cardiovascular disease. TNFα activates NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide (O2·-), production extracellularly is required for subsequent signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase that is activated by oxidation of associated thioredoxin. The role of ASK1 in Nox1-mediated signaling by TNFα is poorly defined. We hypothesized that ASK1 is required for TNFα receptor endocytosis and subsequent inflammatory TNFα signaling. We employed a knockdown strategy to explore the role of ASK1 in TNFα signaling in VSMCs. siRNA targeting ASK1 had no effect on TNFα-induced extracellular O2·- production. However, siASK1 inhibited receptor endocytosis as well as phosphorylation of two endocytosis-related proteins, dynamin1 and caveolin1. Intracellular O2·- production was subsequently reduced, as were other inflammatory signaling steps including NF-κB activation, IL-6 production, inducible nitric oxide synthase and VCAM expression, and VSMC proliferation. Prolonged exposure to TNFα (24 h) increased tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) subtype 1 and 2 expression, and these effects were also attenuated by siASK1. ASK1 coimmunoprecipitated with both Nox1 and the leucine rich repeat containing 8A anion channel, two essential components of the TNFR1 signaling complex. Activation of ASK1 by autophosphorylation at Thr845 occurs following thioredoxin dissociation, and this requires the presence of Nox1. Thus, Nox1 is part of the multiprotein ASK1 signaling complex. In response to TNFα, ASK1 is activated by Nox1-derived oxidants, and this plays a critical role in translating these ROS into a physiologic response in VSMCs. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) drives dynamin1 and caveolin1 phosphorylation and TNFα receptor endocytosis. ASK1 modulates TNFα-induced NF-κB activation, survival, and proliferation. ASK1 and NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) physically associate in a multiprotein signaling complex. Nox1 is required for TNFα-induced ASK1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyehun Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ryan J Stark
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Benjamin S Raja
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Anna Dikalova
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Fred S Lamb
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
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19
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Gao M, Du Y, Xie JW, Xue J, Wang YT, Qin L, Ma MM, Tang YB, Li XY. Redox signal-mediated TRPM2 promotes Ang II-induced adipocyte insulin resistance via Ca 2+-dependent CaMKII/JNK cascade. Metabolism 2018; 85:313-324. [PMID: 29775644 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Redox-sensitive transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is a Ca2+-permeable, nonselective cation channel which plays a crucial role in various physiological processes. However, little is known whether TRPM2 is involved in adipocyte dysfunction during hypertension. In the present study, we determined the role of TRPM2 in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced insulin resistance in adipocytes and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Ang II-induced adipocyte insulin resistant model was conducted. Data from Ang II-induced hypertensive mice were used to measure the effects of TRPM2 inhibitor on insulin resistance in vivo. Whole-cell patch clamp technique, intracellular Ca2+ concentration measurement, glucose uptake assay, western blot, cDNA and siRNA transfection were employed to investigate the TRPM2/Ca2+/CaMKII/JNK signaling. RESULTS Ang II rose a cation current similar to that activated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or ADP-ribose (ADPR), which was blocked by TRPM2 inhibitor or TRPM2 siRNA in adipocytes. Knockdown of TRPM2 significantly improved the lowered insulin sensitivity induced by Ang II, including insulin stimulated glucose uptake, phosphorylation of IRS1 and Akt, interaction between IR and IRS1 and the membrane translocation of GLUT4, whereas overexpression of TRPM2 resulted in the opposite effects. These results were related to the potentiated effects of TRPM2 on Ca2+ influx and CaMKII/JNK cascade activation upon Ang II-induced challenge. Notably, the pharmacological TRPM2 inhibitor, N-(p-amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid (ACA), was proved to improve insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue during Ang II-induced hypertension progress. CONCLUSIONS These data suggested that TRPM2 is a positive regulator of Ang II-induced adipocyte insulin resistance via Ca2+/CaMKII/JNK-dependent signaling pathway. Targeting TRPM2 may be a novel therapeutic strategy to treat hypertension-associated insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China.
| | - Yu Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jing-Wen Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Jing Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yi-Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Li Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Ming-Ming Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yong-Bo Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China.
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20
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Chen NX, O'Neill KD, Moe SM. Matrix vesicles induce calcification of recipient vascular smooth muscle cells through multiple signaling pathways. Kidney Int 2018; 93:343-354. [PMID: 29032812 PMCID: PMC8211355 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In patients with chronic kidney and end-stage renal diseases, the major risk factor for progression of arterial calcification is the presence of existing (baseline) calcification. Here, we tested whether calcification of arteries is extended from calcified vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to adjacent normal cells by matrix vesicle-induced alteration of cell signaling. Matrix vesicles isolated from VSMC of rats with chronic kidney disease were co-cultured with VSMCs from normal littermates. Endocytosis of vesicles by recipient cells was confirmed by confocal microscopy. The addition of cellular matrix vesicles with characteristics of exosomes and low fetuin-A content enhanced the calcification of recipient VSMC. Further, only cellular-derived matrix vesicles induced an increase in intracellular calcium ion concentration, NOX1 (NADPH oxidase) and the anti-oxidant superoxide dismutase-2 in recipient normal VSMC. The increase in intracellular calcium ion concentration was due to release from endoplasmic reticulum and partially attributed to the activation of both NOX1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK1 and Erk1/2) signaling, since inhibiting both pathways blocked the increase in intracellular calcium ion in recipient VSMC. In contrast, matrix vesicles isolated from the media had no effect on the intracellular calcium ion concentration or MEK1 signaling, and did not induce calcification. However, media matrix vesicles did increase Erk1/2, although not to the level of cellular matrix vesicles, and NOX1 expression. Blockade of NOX activity further inhibited the cellular matrix vesicle-induced accelerated calcification of recipient VSMC, suggesting a potential therapeutic role of such inhibition. Thus, addition of cellular-derived matrix vesicles from calcifying VSMC can accelerate calcification by inducing cell signaling changes and phenotypic alteration of recipient VSMC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endocytosis
- Exosomes/metabolism
- Exosomes/ultrastructure
- Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix/ultrastructure
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- MAP Kinase Kinase 1/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/ultrastructure
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/ultrastructure
- NADPH Oxidase 1/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Rats
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal X Chen
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kalisha D O'Neill
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sharon M Moe
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Roduebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
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21
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Rodenbeck SD, Zarse CA, McKenney-Drake ML, Bruning RS, Sturek M, Chen NX, Moe SM. Intracellular calcium increases in vascular smooth muscle cells with progression of chronic kidney disease in a rat model. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2017; 32:450-458. [PMID: 27510531 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) exhibit phenotypic plasticity, promoting vascular calcification and increasing cardiovascular risk. Changes in VSMC intracellular calcium ([Ca 2+ ] i ) are a major determinant of plasticity, but little is known about changes in [Ca 2+ ] i in chronic kidney disease (CKD). We have previously demonstrated such plasticity in aortas from our rat model of CKD and therefore sought to examine changes in [Ca 2+ ] i during CKD progression. Materials and Methods We examined freshly isolated VSMCs from aortas of normal rats, Cy/+ rats (CKD) with early and advanced CKD, and advanced CKD rats treated without and with 3% calcium gluconate (CKD + Ca 2+ ) to lower parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. [Ca 2+ ] i was measured with fura-2. Results Cy/+ rats developed progressive CKD, as assessed by plasma levels of blood urea nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone and fibroblast growth factor 23. VSMCs isolated from rats with CKD demonstrated biphasic alterations in resting [Ca 2+ ] i : VSMCs from rats with early CKD exhibited reduced resting [Ca 2+ ] i , while VSMCs from rats with advanced CKD exhibited elevated resting [Ca 2+ ] i . Caffeine-induced sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca 2+ store release was modestly increased in early CKD and was more drastically increased in advanced CKD. The advanced CKD elevation in SR Ca 2+ store release was associated with a significant increase in the activity of the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATPase (SERCA); however, SERCA2a protein expression was decreased in advanced CKD. Following SR Ca 2+ store release, recovery of [Ca 2+ ] i in the presence of caffeine and extracellular Ca 2+ was attenuated in VSMCs from rats with advanced CKD. This impairment, together with reductions in expression of the Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger, suggest a reduction in Ca 2+ extrusion capability. Finally, store-operated Ca 2+ entry (SOCE) was assessed following SR Ca 2+ store depletion. Ca 2+ entry during recovery from caffeine-induced SR Ca 2+ store release was elevated in advanced CKD, suggesting a role for exacerbated SOCE with progressing CKD. Conclusions With progressive CKD in the Cy/+ rat there is increased resting [Ca 2+ ] i in VSMCs due, in part, to increased SOCE and impaired calcium extrusion from the cell. Such changes may predispose VSMCs to phenotypic changes that are a prerequisite to calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Dineen Rodenbeck
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chad A Zarse
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mikaela L McKenney-Drake
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rebecca S Bruning
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael Sturek
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Neal X Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sharon M Moe
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Medicine, Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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22
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Terasaka T, Adakama ME, Li S, Kim T, Terasaka E, Li D, Lawson MA. Reactive Oxygen Species Link Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Signaling Cascades in the Gonadotrope. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:286. [PMID: 29163358 PMCID: PMC5671645 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological rhythms lie at the center of regulatory schemes that control many aspects of living systems. At the cellular level, meaningful responses to external stimuli depend on propagation and quenching of a signal to maintain vigilance for subsequent stimulation or changes that serve to shape and modulate the response. The hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad endocrine axis that controls reproductive development and function relies on control through rhythmic stimulation. Central to this axis is the pulsatile stimulation of the gonadotropes by hypothalamic neurons through episodic release of the neuropeptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Alterations in pulsatile stimulation of the gonadotropes result in differential synthesis and secretion of the gonadotropins LH and FSH and changes in the expression of their respective hormone subunit genes. The requirement to amplify signals arising from activation of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor and to rapidly quench the resultant signal to preserve an adaptive response suggests the need for rapid activation and feedback control operating at the level of intracellular signaling. Emerging data suggest that reactive oxygen species (ROS) can fulfill this role in the GnRH receptor signaling through activation of MAP kinase signaling cascades, control of negative feedback, and participation in the secretory process. Results obtained in gonadotrope cell lines or other cell models indicate that ROS can participate in each of these regulatory cascades. We discuss the potential advantage of reactive oxygen signaling for modulating the gonadotrope response to GnRH stimulation and the potential mechanisms for this action. These observations suggest further targets of study for regulation in the gonadotrope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Terasaka
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mary E. Adakama
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Song Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Dongguan Eighth People’s Hospital Dongguan City, Dongguan, China
| | - Taeshin Kim
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Eri Terasaka
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Danmei Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mark A. Lawson
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Mark A. Lawson,
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23
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Abstract
Since its discovery in 1999, a number of studies have evaluated the role of Nox1 NADPH oxidase in the cardiovascular system. Nox1 is activated in vascular cells in response to several different agonists, with its activity regulated at the transcriptional level as well as by NADPH oxidase complex formation, protein stabilization and post-translational modification. Nox1 has been shown to decrease the bioavailability of nitric oxide, transactivate the epidermal growth factor receptor, induce pro-inflammatory signalling, and promote cell migration and proliferation. Enhanced expression and activity of Nox1 under pathologic conditions results in excessive production of reactive oxygen species and dysregulated cellular function. Indeed, studies using genetic models of Nox1 deficiency or overexpression have revealed roles for Nox1 in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases ranging from atherosclerosis to hypertension, restenosis and ischaemia/reperfusion injury. These data suggest that Nox1 is a potential therapeutic target for vascular disease, and drug development efforts are ongoing to identify a specific bioavailable inhibitor of Nox1.
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24
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Weaver CJ, Leung YF, Suter DM. Expression dynamics of NADPH oxidases during early zebrafish development. J Comp Neurol 2015; 524:2130-41. [PMID: 26662995 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cory J. Weaver
- Department of Biological Sciences; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47907
| | - Yuk Fai Leung
- Department of Biological Sciences; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47907
| | - Daniel M. Suter
- Department of Biological Sciences; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47907
- Bindley Bioscience Center; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47907
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25
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Sobey CG, Judkins CP, Rivera J, Lewis CV, Diep H, Lee HW, Kemp-Harper BK, Broughton BRS, Selemidis S, Gaspari TA, Samuel CS, Drummond GR. NOX1 deficiency in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice is associated with elevated plasma lipids and enhanced atherosclerosis. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:186-98. [PMID: 25496431 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.992893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NOX) are enzymes that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). NOX2 activity in the vascular wall is elevated in hypercholesterolemia, and contributes to oxidative stress and atherogenesis. Here we examined the role of another NOX isoform, NOX1, in atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E-knockout (APOE(-/-)) mice fed a Western diet for 14 weeks. Although NOX1 mRNA expression was unchanged in aortas from APOE(-/-) versus wild-type mice, expression of the NOX1-specific organizer, NOXO1, was diminished, consistent with an overall reduction in NOX1 activity in APOE(-/-) mice. To examine the impact of a further reduction in NOX1 activity, APOE(-/-) mice were crossed with NOX1(-/y) mice to generate NOX1(-/y)/APOE(-/-) double-knockouts. NOX1 deficiency in APOE(-/-) mice was associated with 30-50% higher plasma very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)/LDL and triglyceride levels (P < 0.01). Vascular ROS levels were also elevated by twofold in NOX1(-/y)/APOE(-/-) versus APOE(-/-) mice (P < 0.05), despite no changes in expression of other NOX subunits. Although en face analysis of the descending aorta revealed no differences in plaque area between NOX1(-/y)/APOE(-/-) and APOE(-/-) mice, intimal thickening in the aortic sinus was increased by 40% (P < 0.05) in the double-knockouts. Moreover, NOX1 deficiency was associated with a less stable plaque phenotype; aortic sinus lesions contained 60% less collagen (P < 0.01), 40% less smooth muscle (P < 0.01), and 2.5-fold higher levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (P < 0.001) than lesions in APOE(-/-) mice. Thus, these data, which suggest a protective role for NOX1 against hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in APOE(-/-) mice, highlight the complex and contrasting roles of different NOX isoforms (e.g., NOX2 versus NOX1) in vascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Sobey
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria , Australia
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26
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Choi H, Dikalova A, Stark RJ, Lamb FS. c-Jun N-terminal kinase attenuates TNFα signaling by reducing Nox1-dependent endosomal ROS production in vascular smooth muscle cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 86:219-27. [PMID: 26001727 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), a proinflammatory cytokine, causes vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration and promotes inflammatory vascular lesions. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation by TNFα requires endosomal superoxide production by Nox1. In endothelial cells, TNFα stimulates c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which inhibits NF-κB signaling. The mechanism by which JNK negatively regulates TNFα-induced NF-κB activation has not been defined. We hypothesized that JNK modulates NF-κB activation in VSMC, and does so via a Nox1-dependent mechanism. TNFα-induced NF-κB activation was TNFR1- and endocytosis-dependent. Inhibition of endocytosis with dominant-negative dynamin (DynK44A) potentiated TNFα-induced JNK activation, but decreased ERK activation, while p38 kinase phosphorylation was not altered. DynK44A attenuated intracellular, endosomal superoxide production in wild-type (WT) VSMC, but not in NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) knockout (KO) cells. siRNA targeting JNK1 or JNK2 potentiated, while a JNK activator (anisomycin) inhibited, TNFα-induced NF-κB activation in WT, but not in Nox1 KO cells. TNFα-stimulated superoxide generation was enhanced by JNK1 inhibition in WT, but not in Nox1 KO VSMC. These data suggest that JNK suppresses the inflammatory response to TNFα by reducing Nox1-dependent endosomal ROS production. JNK and endosomal superoxide may represent novel targets for pharmacologic modulation of TNFα signaling and vascular inflammation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Endocytosis
- Endosomes/enzymology
- JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/physiology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/metabolism
- NADPH Oxidase 1
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyehun Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Anna Dikalova
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ryan J Stark
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Fred S Lamb
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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27
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Görlach A, Bertram K, Hudecova S, Krizanova O. Calcium and ROS: A mutual interplay. Redox Biol 2015; 6:260-271. [PMID: 26296072 PMCID: PMC4556774 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 917] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium is an important second messenger involved in intra- and extracellular signaling cascades and plays an essential role in cell life and death decisions. The Ca2+ signaling network works in many different ways to regulate cellular processes that function over a wide dynamic range due to the action of buffers, pumps and exchangers on the plasma membrane as well as in internal stores. Calcium signaling pathways interact with other cellular signaling systems such as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although initially considered to be potentially detrimental byproducts of aerobic metabolism, it is now clear that ROS generated in sub-toxic levels by different intracellular systems act as signaling molecules involved in various cellular processes including growth and cell death. Increasing evidence suggests a mutual interplay between calcium and ROS signaling systems which seems to have important implications for fine tuning cellular signaling networks. However, dysfunction in either of the systems might affect the other system thus potentiating harmful effects which might contribute to the pathogenesis of various disorders. Calcium and ROS act as signaling molecules inside the cell and their pathways can interact. The mutual interplay of calcium and ROS is required for the fine tuning of signaling. Failure in the interplay results in dysfunction and pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Görlach
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
| | - Katharina Bertram
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, Germany
| | - Sona Hudecova
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Olga Krizanova
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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28
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Marinković G, Heemskerk N, van Buul JD, de Waard V. The Ins and Outs of Small GTPase Rac1 in the Vasculature. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 354:91-102. [PMID: 26036474 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.223610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rho family of small GTPases forms a 20-member family within the Ras superfamily of GTP-dependent enzymes that are activated by a variety of extracellular signals. The most well known Rho family members are RhoA (Ras homolog gene family, member A), Cdc42 (cell division control protein 42), and Rac1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1), which affect intracellular signaling pathways that regulate a plethora of critical cellular functions, such as oxidative stress, cellular contacts, migration, and proliferation. In this review, we describe the current knowledge on the role of GTPase Rac1 in the vasculature. Whereas most recent reviews focus on the role of vascular Rac1 in endothelial cells, in the present review we also highlight the functional involvement of Rac1 in other vascular cells types, namely, smooth muscle cells present in the media and fibroblasts located in the adventitia of the vessel wall. Collectively, this overview shows that Rac1 activity is involved in various functions within one cell type at distinct locations within the cell, and that there are overlapping but also cell type-specific functions in the vasculature. Chronically enhanced Rac1 activity seems to contribute to vascular pathology; however, Rac1 is essential to vascular homeostasis, which makes Rac1 inhibition as a therapeutic option a delicate balancing act.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Marinković
- Department Medical Biochemistry (G.M., V.d.W.) and Department of Molecular Cell Biology (N.H., J.D.v.B.), Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Heemskerk
- Department Medical Biochemistry (G.M., V.d.W.) and Department of Molecular Cell Biology (N.H., J.D.v.B.), Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap D van Buul
- Department Medical Biochemistry (G.M., V.d.W.) and Department of Molecular Cell Biology (N.H., J.D.v.B.), Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vivian de Waard
- Department Medical Biochemistry (G.M., V.d.W.) and Department of Molecular Cell Biology (N.H., J.D.v.B.), Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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29
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Zhu K, Kakehi T, Matsumoto M, Iwata K, Ibi M, Ohshima Y, Zhang J, Liu J, Wen X, Taye A, Fan C, Katsuyama M, Sharma K, Yabe-Nishimura C. NADPH oxidase NOX1 is involved in activation of protein kinase C and premature senescence in early stage diabetic kidney. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 83:21-30. [PMID: 25701431 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress and activation of protein kinase C (PKC) under hyperglycemia have been implicated in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Because reactive oxygen species derived from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, NOX1 accelerate the translocation of PKC isoforms, NOX1 is postulated to play a causative role in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Hyperglycemia was induced in wild-type and Nox1-deficient mice (KO) by two doses of streptozotocin injection. At 3 weeks after the induction of hyperglycemia, glomeruli and cortical tubules were isolated from kidneys. The mRNA level of Nox1 was significantly upregulated in the renal cortex at 3 weeks of hyperglycemia. Urinary albumin and expression of inflammatory or fibrotic mediators were similarly elevated in diabetic wild-type and KO; however, increases in glomerular volume and mesangial matrix area were attenuated in diabetic KO. Nox1 deficiency significantly reduced the levels of renal thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, membranous translocation of PKCα/β, activity of PKC, and phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in the diabetic kidney. Furthermore, increased staining of senescence-associated β-galactosidase in glomeruli and cortical tubules of diabetic mice was significantly suppressed in KO. Whereas the levels of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p16(INK4A) and p21(Cip1), were equivalent between the genotypes, increased levels of p27(Kip1) and γ-H2AX, a biomarker for DNA double-strand breaks, were significantly attenuated in isolated glomeruli and cortical tubules of diabetic KO. Taken together, NOX1 modulates the p38/p27(Kip1) signaling pathway by activating PKC and promotes premature senescence in early stage diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kakehi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Misaki Matsumoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kazumi Iwata
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ibi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ohshima
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Junjie Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Xiaopeng Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Ashraf Taye
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Chunyuan Fan
- Dujiangyan City Medical Center, Dujiangyan Chengdu, 611830 Sichuan, China
| | - Masato Katsuyama
- Radioisotope Center, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kumar Sharma
- Center for Renal Translational Medicine, Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego and VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Chihiro Yabe-Nishimura
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
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30
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Abstract
Despite the wealth of pre-clinical support for a role for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) in the aetiology of diabetic complications, enthusiasm for antioxidant therapeutic approaches has been dampened by less favourable outcomes in large clinical trials. This has necessitated a re-evaluation of pre-clinical evidence and a more rational approach to antioxidant therapy. The present review considers current evidence, from both pre-clinical and clinical studies, to address the benefits of antioxidant therapy. The main focus of the present review is on the effects of direct targeting of ROS-producing enzymes, the bolstering of antioxidant defences and mechanisms to improve nitric oxide availability. Current evidence suggests that a more nuanced approach to antioxidant therapy is more likely to yield positive reductions in end-organ injury, with considerations required for the types of ROS/RNS involved, the timing and dosage of antioxidant therapy, and the selective targeting of cell populations. This is likely to influence future strategies to lessen the burden of diabetic complications such as diabetes-associated atherosclerosis, diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy.
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31
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Ventre S, Indrieri A, Fracassi C, Franco B, Conte I, Cardone L, di Bernardo D. Metabolic regulation of the ultradian oscillator Hes1 by reactive oxygen species. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:1887-902. [PMID: 25796437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ultradian oscillators are cyclically expressed genes with a period of less than 24h, found in the major signalling pathways. The Notch effector hairy and enhancer of split Hes genes are ultradian oscillators. The physiological signals that synchronise and entrain Hes oscillators remain poorly understood. We investigated whether cellular metabolism modulates Hes1 cyclic expression. We demonstrated that, in mouse myoblasts (C2C12), Hes1 oscillation depends on reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are generated by the mitochondria electron transport chain and by NADPH oxidases NOXs. In vitro, the regulation of Hes1 by ROS occurs via the calcium-mediated signalling. The modulation of Hes1 by ROS was relevant in vivo, since perturbing ROS homeostasis was sufficient to alter Medaka (Oryzias latipes) somitogenesis, a process that is dependent on Hes1 ultradian oscillation during embryo development. Moreover, in a Medaka model for human microphthalmia with linear skin lesions syndrome, in which mitochondrial ROS homeostasis was impaired, we documented important somitogenesis defects and the deregulation of Hes homologues genes involved in somitogenesis. Notably, both molecular and developmental defects were rescued by antioxidant treatments. Our studies provide the first evidence of a coupling between cellular redox metabolism and an ultradian biological oscillator with important pathophysiological implication for somitogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ventre
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Indrieri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Fracassi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy
| | - Brunella Franco
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ivan Conte
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Cardone
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Diego di Bernardo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy; Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
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Rubattu S, Marchitti S, Bianchi F, Di Castro S, Stanzione R, Cotugno M, Bozzao C, Sciarretta S, Volpe M. The C2238/αANP variant is a negative modulator of both viability and function of coronary artery smooth muscle cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113108. [PMID: 25401746 PMCID: PMC4234641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormalities of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contribute to development of vascular disease. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) exerts important effects on VSMCs. A common ANP molecular variant (T2238C/αANP) has recently emerged as a novel vascular risk factor. Objectives We aimed at identifying effects of CC2238/αANP on viability, migration and motility in coronary artery SMCs, and the underlying signaling pathways. Methods and Results Cells were exposed to either TT2238/αANP or CC2238/αANP. At the end of treatment, cell viability, migration and motility were evaluated, along with changes in oxidative stress pathway (ROS levels, NADPH and eNOS expression), on Akt phosphorylation and miR21 expression levels. CC2238/αANP reduced cell vitality, increased apoptosis and necrosis, increased oxidative stress levels, suppressed miR21 expression along with consistent changes of its molecular targets (PDCD4, PTEN, Bcl2) and of phosphorylated Akt levels. As a result of increased oxidative stress, CC2238/αANP markedly stimulated cell migration and increased cell contraction. NPR-C gene silencing with specific siRNAs restored cell viability, miR21 expression, and reduced oxidative stress induced by CC2238/αANP. The cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway, driven by NPR-C activation, significantly contributed to both miR21 and phosphoAkt reduction upon CC2238/αANP. miR21 overexpression by mimic-hsa-miR21 rescued the cellular damage dependent on CC2238/αANP. Conclusions CC2238/αANP negatively modulates viability through NPR-C/cAMP/PKA/CREB/miR21 signaling pathway, and it augments oxidative stress leading to increased migratory and vasoconstrictor effects in coronary artery SMCs. These novel findings further support a damaging role of this common αANP variant on vessel wall and its potential contribution to acute coronary events.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Atrial Natriuretic Factor/genetics
- Atrial Natriuretic Factor/pharmacology
- Blotting, Western
- C-Reactive Protein/genetics
- C-Reactive Protein/metabolism
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Coronary Vessels/drug effects
- Coronary Vessels/metabolism
- Coronary Vessels/pathology
- Cyclic AMP/pharmacology
- Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/genetics
- Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Humans
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Speranza Rubattu
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (Isernia), Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, University Sapienza of Rome, Ospedale S. Andrea, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cristina Bozzao
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, University Sapienza of Rome, Ospedale S. Andrea, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Volpe
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (Isernia), Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, University Sapienza of Rome, Ospedale S. Andrea, Rome, Italy
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Streeter J, Schickling BM, Jiang S, Stanic B, Thiel WH, Gakhar L, Houtman JCD, Miller FJ. Phosphorylation of Nox1 regulates association with NoxA1 activation domain. Circ Res 2014; 115:911-8. [PMID: 25228390 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.304267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Activation of Nox1 initiates redox-dependent signaling events crucial in the pathogenesis of vascular disease. Selective targeting of Nox1 is an attractive potential therapy, but requires a better understanding of the molecular modifications controlling its activation. OBJECTIVE To determine whether posttranslational modifications of Nox1 regulate its activity in vascular cells. METHODS AND RESULTS We first found evidence that Nox1 is phosphorylated in multiple models of vascular disease. Next, studies using mass spectroscopy and a pharmacological inhibitor demonstrated that protein kinase C-beta1 mediates phosphorylation of Nox1 in response to tumor necrosis factor-α. siRNA-mediated silencing of protein kinase C-beta1 abolished tumor necrosis factor-α-mediated reactive oxygen species production and vascular smooth muscle cell migration. Site-directed mutagenesis and isothermal titration calorimetry indicated that protein kinase C-beta1 phosphorylates Nox1 at threonine 429. Moreover, Nox1 threonine 429 phosphorylation facilitated the association of Nox1 with the NoxA1 activation domain and was necessary for NADPH oxidase complex assembly, reactive oxygen species production, and vascular smooth muscle cell migration. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that protein kinase C-beta1 phosphorylation of threonine 429 regulates activation of Nox1 NADPH oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Streeter
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (B.M.S., S.J., B.S., W.H.T., F.J.M.), Microbiology (J.C.D.H.), Anatomy and Cell Biology (J.S.), Biochemistry (L.G.), and Protein Crystallography Facility (L.G.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Veterans Affair Medical Center, Iowa City, IA (F.J.M.)
| | - Brandon M Schickling
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (B.M.S., S.J., B.S., W.H.T., F.J.M.), Microbiology (J.C.D.H.), Anatomy and Cell Biology (J.S.), Biochemistry (L.G.), and Protein Crystallography Facility (L.G.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Veterans Affair Medical Center, Iowa City, IA (F.J.M.)
| | - Shuxia Jiang
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (B.M.S., S.J., B.S., W.H.T., F.J.M.), Microbiology (J.C.D.H.), Anatomy and Cell Biology (J.S.), Biochemistry (L.G.), and Protein Crystallography Facility (L.G.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Veterans Affair Medical Center, Iowa City, IA (F.J.M.)
| | - Bojana Stanic
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (B.M.S., S.J., B.S., W.H.T., F.J.M.), Microbiology (J.C.D.H.), Anatomy and Cell Biology (J.S.), Biochemistry (L.G.), and Protein Crystallography Facility (L.G.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Veterans Affair Medical Center, Iowa City, IA (F.J.M.)
| | - William H Thiel
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (B.M.S., S.J., B.S., W.H.T., F.J.M.), Microbiology (J.C.D.H.), Anatomy and Cell Biology (J.S.), Biochemistry (L.G.), and Protein Crystallography Facility (L.G.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Veterans Affair Medical Center, Iowa City, IA (F.J.M.)
| | - Lokesh Gakhar
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (B.M.S., S.J., B.S., W.H.T., F.J.M.), Microbiology (J.C.D.H.), Anatomy and Cell Biology (J.S.), Biochemistry (L.G.), and Protein Crystallography Facility (L.G.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Veterans Affair Medical Center, Iowa City, IA (F.J.M.)
| | - Jon C D Houtman
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (B.M.S., S.J., B.S., W.H.T., F.J.M.), Microbiology (J.C.D.H.), Anatomy and Cell Biology (J.S.), Biochemistry (L.G.), and Protein Crystallography Facility (L.G.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Veterans Affair Medical Center, Iowa City, IA (F.J.M.)
| | - Francis J Miller
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (B.M.S., S.J., B.S., W.H.T., F.J.M.), Microbiology (J.C.D.H.), Anatomy and Cell Biology (J.S.), Biochemistry (L.G.), and Protein Crystallography Facility (L.G.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Veterans Affair Medical Center, Iowa City, IA (F.J.M.).
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Crans DC, Tarlton ML, McLauchlan CC. Trigonal Bipyramidal or Square Pyramidal Coordination Geometry? Investigating the Most Potent Geometry for Vanadium Phosphatase Inhibitors. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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35
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Role of small GTPase protein Rac1 in cardiovascular diseases: development of new selective pharmacological inhibitors. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2014; 62:425-35. [PMID: 23921306 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3182a18bcc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A pathway-based genome-wide association analysis has recently identified Rac1 as one of the biologically important gene in coronary heart diseases. The role of the small GTPase Rac1 in cardiac hypertrophy and atherosclerosis has also been documented in clinical studies with the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and in in vitro and in vivo settings using transgenic and knockout mice. Thus, Rac1 has emerged as a new pharmacological target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The activation state of Rac1 depends on the release of guanosine diphosphate and the binding of guanosine triphosphate. This cycling is regulated by the guanine nucleotide exchange factors, as activators, and by the GTPase-activating proteins. Three categories of selective Rac1 inhibitors have been developed affecting different steps of this pathway: antagonists of Rac1-guanine nucleotide exchange factor interaction, allosteric inhibitors of nucleotide binding to Rac1, and antagonists of Rac1-mediated NADPH oxidase activity. These chemical compounds have shown to selectively inhibit Rac1 activation in cultured cell lines without affecting the homologous proteins RhoA and Cdc42. Moreover, pioneer studies have been conducted with Rac1 inhibitors in in vivo experimental models of cardiovascular diseases with encouraging results. The present review summarizes the current knowledge of the role of Rac1 in cardiovascular diseases and the pharmacological approaches that have been developed to selectively inhibit its function.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Understanding isoform- and context-specific subcellular Nox reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase compartmentalization allows relevant functional inferences. This review addresses the interplay between Nox NADPH oxidases and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), an increasingly evident player in redox pathophysiology given its role in redox protein folding and stress responses. RECENT ADVANCES Catalytic/regulatory transmembrane subunits are synthesized in the ER and their processing includes folding, N-glycosylation, heme insertion, p22phox heterodimerization, as shown for phagocyte Nox2. Dual oxidase (Duox) maturation also involves the regulation by ER-resident Duoxa2. The ER is the activation site for some isoforms, typically Nox4, but potentially other isoforms. Such location influences redox/Nox-mediated calcium signaling regulation via ER targets, such as sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA). Growing evidence suggests that Noxes are integral signaling elements of the unfolded protein response during ER stress, with Nox4 playing a dual prosurvival/proapoptotic role in this setting, whereas Nox2 enhances proapoptotic signaling. ER chaperones such as protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) closely interact with Noxes. PDI supports growth factor-dependent Nox1 activation and mRNA expression, as well as migration in smooth muscle cells, and PDI overexpression induces acute spontaneous Nox activation. CRITICAL ISSUES Mechanisms of PDI effects include possible support of complex formation and RhoGTPase activation. In phagocytes, PDI supports phagocytosis, Nox activation, and redox-dependent interactions with p47phox. Together, the results implicate PDI as possible Nox organizer. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We propose that convergence between Noxes and ER may have evolutive roots given ER-related functional contexts, which paved Nox evolution, namely calcium signaling and pathogen killing. Overall, the interplay between Noxes and the ER may provide relevant insights in Nox-related (patho)physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco R M Laurindo
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine , São Paulo, Brazil
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37
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Adhesion and migration induced by cytokines or growth factors are well-organized processes in cellular motility. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are specifically produced by the Nox family of NADPH oxidases. RECENT ADVANCES The signal transduction of migration and adhesion depends on ROS produced by Nox enzymes and factors that initiate migration and adhesion and stimulate cellular ROS formation. CRITICAL ISSUES The identification of molecular targets of ROS formation in the signal transduction of adhesion and migration is still in its beginnings, but a site and isoform-specific contribution of Nox enzymes to this process becomes apparent. Nox-derived ROS, therefore, act as second messengers that are specifically modifying signaling proteins involved in adhesion and migration. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Individual protein targets of Nox-mediated redox signaling in different cell types and tissues will be identified. Isoform-specific Nox inhibitors will be developed to modulate the ROS-dependent component of migration and adhesion. These compounds might be suited to elicit differential effects between pathophysiologic and physiologic adhesion and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Schröder
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Fachbereich Medizin der Goethe-Universität , Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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38
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Brandes RP, Weissmann N, Schröder K. Redox-mediated signal transduction by cardiovascular Nox NADPH oxidases. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 73:70-9. [PMID: 24560815 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The only known function of the Nox family of NADPH oxidases is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Some Nox enzymes show high tissue-specific expression and the ROS locally produced are required for synthesis of hormones or tissue components. In the cardiovascular system, Nox enzymes are low abundant and function as redox-modulators. By reacting with thiols, nitric oxide (NO) or trace metals, Nox-derived ROS elicit a plethora of cellular responses required for physiological growth factor signaling and the induction and adaptation to pathological processes. The interactions of Nox-derived ROS with signaling elements in the cardiovascular system are highly diverse and will be detailed in this article, which is part of a Special Issue entitled "Redox Signalling in the Cardiovascular System".
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf P Brandes
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Giessen University Lung Center, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Gießen, Germany
| | - Katrin Schröder
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Germany
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39
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Reactive oxygen species in vascular formation and development. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:374963. [PMID: 23401740 PMCID: PMC3564431 DOI: 10.1155/2013/374963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are derived from the metabolism of oxygen and are traditionally viewed as toxic byproducts that cause damage to biomolecules. It is now becoming widely acknowledged that ROS are key modulators in a variety of biological processes and pathological states. ROS mediate key signaling transduction pathways by reversible oxidation of certain signaling components and are involved in the signaling of growth factors, G-protein-coupled receptors, Notch, and Wnt and its downstream cascades including MAPK, JAK-STAT, NF-κB, and PI3K/AKT. Vascular formation and development is one of the most important events during embryogenesis and is vital for postnasal tissue repair. In this paper, we will discuss how ROS regulate different steps in vascular development, including smooth muscle cell differentiation, angiogenesis, endothelial progenitor cells recruitment, and vascular cell migration.
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40
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Abhijit S, Bhaskaran R, Narayanasamy A, Chakroborty A, Manickam N, Dixit M, Mohan V, Balasubramanyam M. Hyperinsulinemia-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and proliferation is mediated by converging mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 373:95-105. [PMID: 23073711 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1478-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the major complications of diabetes and involves endothelial dysfunction, matrix alteration, and most importantly migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Although hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia are known to contribute to atherosclerosis, little is known about the specific cellular signaling pathways that mediate the detrimental hyperinsulinemic effects in VSMCs. Therefore, we investigated the cellular mechanisms of hyperinsulinemia-induced migration and proliferation of VSMCs. VSMCs were treated with insulin (100 nM) for 6 days and subjected to various physiological and molecular investigations. VSMCs subjected to hyperinsulinemia exhibited increased migration and proliferation, and this is paralleled by oxidative stress [increased NADPH oxidase activity, NADPH oxidase 1 mRNA expression, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation], alterations in mitochondrial physiology (membrane depolarization, decreased mitochondrial mass, and increased mitochondrial ROS), changes in mitochondrial biogenesis-related genes (mitofusin 1, mitofusin 2, dynamin-related protein 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-beta, nuclear respiratory factor 1, and uncoupling protein 2), and increased Akt phosphorylation. Diphenyleneiodonium, a known NADPH oxidase inhibitor significantly inhibited migration and proliferation of VSMCs and normalized all the above physiological and molecular perturbations. This study suggests a plausible crosstalk between mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress under hyperinsulinemia and emphasizes counteracting mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress as a novel therapeutic strategy for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiny Abhijit
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600 086, India
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Suson KD, Stec AA, Gearhart JP, Shimoda LA. Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Mediates Migration in Cultured Human Control and Exstrophy Bladder Smooth Muscle Cells. J Urol 2012; 188:1528-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina D. Suson
- Division of Pediatric Urology, The Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew A. Stec
- Department of Urology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - John P. Gearhart
- Division of Pediatric Urology, The Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Larissa A. Shimoda
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Stanic B, Pandey D, Fulton DJ, Miller FJ. Increased epidermal growth factor-like ligands are associated with elevated vascular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase in a primate model of atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:2452-60. [PMID: 22879585 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.256107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the relationship between the expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like ligands and vascular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase expression and activity in a primate model of atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Adult male Cynomolgus monkeys were fed a normal or atherogenic (AS) diet for 45 months, after which animals from the AS group were placed on a normal diet for 8 months (regression). The expression of membrane-associated EGF-like ligands was increased in arteries from animals on the AS diet and normalized in the regression group. EGF-like ligands were distributed throughout atherosclerotic vessels but predominantly colocalized with macrophages. Consistent with ligand shedding, circulating heparin-bound EGF was elevated in the plasma of AS monkeys but not in those on regression diet. Atherosclerosis was associated with the activation of EGF receptor signaling. Expression of NADPH oxidase subunits Nox1 and Nox2 but not Nox4 or Nox5 was increased in arteries from monkeys on the AS diet and returned to normal with regression. Levels of Nox1 and Nox2 positively correlated with EGF-like ligands. In cultured monkey smooth muscle cells, treatment with EGF-like ligands increased Nox1 expression and activity. CONCLUSIONS These data identify EGF-like ligands as potential modulators of atherogenesis, resulting in part from increased vascular NADPH oxidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Stanic
- Department of Internal Medicine The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Pescatore LA, Bonatto D, Forti FL, Sadok A, Kovacic H, Laurindo FRM. Protein disulfide isomerase is required for platelet-derived growth factor-induced vascular smooth muscle cell migration, Nox1 NADPH oxidase expression, and RhoGTPase activation. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:29290-300. [PMID: 22773830 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.394551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell (VSMC) migration into vessel neointima is a therapeutic target for atherosclerosis and postinjury restenosis. Nox1 NADPH oxidase-derived oxidants synergize with growth factors to support VSMC migration. We previously described the interaction between NADPH oxidases and the endoplasmic reticulum redox chaperone protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) in many cell types. However, physiological implications, as well as mechanisms of such association, are yet unclear. We show here that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) promoted subcellular redistribution of PDI concomitant to Nox1-dependent reactive oxygen species production and that siRNA-mediated PDI silencing inhibited such reactive oxygen species production, while nearly totally suppressing the increase in Nox1 expression, with no change in Nox4. Furthermore, PDI silencing inhibited PDGF-induced VSMC migration assessed by distinct methods, whereas PDI overexpression increased spontaneous basal VSMC migration. To address possible mechanisms of PDI effects, we searched for PDI interactome by systems biology analysis of physical protein-protein interaction networks, which indicated convergence with small GTPases and their regulator RhoGDI. PDI silencing decreased PDGF-induced Rac1 and RhoA activities, without changing their expression. PDI co-immunoprecipitated with RhoGDI at base line, whereas such association was decreased after PDGF. Also, PDI co-immunoprecipitated with Rac1 and RhoA in a PDGF-independent way and displayed detectable spots of perinuclear co-localization with Rac1 and RhoGDI. Moreover, PDI silencing promoted strong cytoskeletal changes: disorganization of stress fibers, decreased number of focal adhesions, and reduced number of RhoGDI-containing vesicular recycling adhesion structures. Overall, these data suggest that PDI is required to support Nox1/redox and GTPase-dependent VSMC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana A Pescatore
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil 05403-000
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Lassègue B, San Martín A, Griendling KK. Biochemistry, physiology, and pathophysiology of NADPH oxidases in the cardiovascular system. Circ Res 2012; 110:1364-90. [PMID: 22581922 PMCID: PMC3365576 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.243972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 604] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The NADPH oxidase (Nox) enzymes are critical mediators of cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. These proteins are expressed in virtually all cardiovascular cells, and regulate such diverse functions as differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, senescence, inflammatory responses and oxygen sensing. They target a number of important signaling molecules, including kinases, phosphatases, transcription factors, ion channels, and proteins that regulate the cytoskeleton. Nox enzymes have been implicated in many different cardiovascular pathologies: atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling, angiogenesis and collateral formation, stroke, and heart failure. In this review, we discuss in detail the biochemistry of Nox enzymes expressed in the cardiovascular system (Nox1, 2, 4, and 5), their roles in cardiovascular cell biology, and their contributions to disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Lassègue
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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45
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Takac I, Schröder K, Brandes RP. The Nox family of NADPH oxidases: friend or foe of the vascular system? Curr Hypertens Rep 2012; 14:70-8. [PMID: 22071588 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-011-0238-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidases are important sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the vascular system, ROS can have both beneficial and detrimental effects. Under physiologic conditions, ROS are involved in signaling pathways that regulate vascular tone as well as cellular processes like proliferation, migration and differentiation. However, high doses of ROS, which are produced after induction or activation of NADPH oxidases in response to cardiovascular risk factors and inflammation, contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease. In vascular cells, the NADPH oxidase isoforms Nox1, Nox2, Nox4, and Nox5 are expressed, which differ in their activity, response to stimuli, and the type of ROS released. This review focuses on the specific role of different NADPH oxidase isoforms in vascular physiology and their potential contributions to vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Takac
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Fachbereich Medizin der Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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