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Florido MHC, Ziats NP. Endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases: The role of human induced pluripotent stem cells and tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:1286-1304. [PMID: 38230548 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains to be the leading cause of death globally today and therefore the need for the development of novel therapies has become increasingly important in the cardiovascular field. The mechanism(s) behind the pathophysiology of CVD have been laboriously investigated in both stem cell and bioengineering laboratories. Scientific breakthroughs have paved the way to better mimic cell types of interest in recent years, with the ability to generate any cell type from reprogrammed human pluripotent stem cells. Mimicking the native extracellular matrix using both organic and inorganic biomaterials has allowed full organs to be recapitulated in vitro. In this paper, we will review techniques from both stem cell biology and bioengineering which have been fruitfully combined and have fueled advances in the cardiovascular disease field. We will provide a brief introduction to CVD, reviewing some of the recent studies as related to the role of endothelial cells and endothelial cell dysfunction. Recent advances and the techniques widely used in both bioengineering and stem cell biology will be discussed, providing a broad overview of the collaboration between these two fields and their overall impact on tissue engineering in the cardiovascular devices and implications for treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary H C Florido
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas P Ziats
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Anatomy, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Kehmeier MN, Khurana A, Bedell BR, Cullen AE, Cannon AT, Henson GD, Walker AE. Effects of dietary soy content on cerebral artery function and behavior in ovariectomized female mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H636-H647. [PMID: 38156886 PMCID: PMC11221805 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00618.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
As females age, they transition through menopause, experiencing a decrease in estrogen and an increase in cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disease risk. Most standard rodent chows contain phytoestrogen-rich soybean meal, which can mimic the effects of estrogen. Understanding the impact of this soybean meal on vascular outcomes is crucial to proper experimental design. Thus, this study aimed to compare the effects of standard and soy-free chows on cerebral artery endothelial function and cognitive function in ovariectomized mice. Young female C57Bl/6J mice (n = 43; ∼6 mo) were randomly assigned to three groups: sham, ovariectomy (OVX), or ovariectomy on a diet containing soy (OVX + Soy). In posterior cerebral arteries, the OVX mice had a 27% lower maximal response to insulin compared with the sham mice. The OVX + Soy mice had a 27% greater maximal vasodilation to insulin compared with the OVX mice and there were no differences in vasodilation between the OVX + Soy and sham groups. The group differences in vasodilation were mediated by differences in nitric oxide bioavailability. The OVX + Soy mice also had greater insulin receptor gene expression in cerebral arteries compared with the OVX mice. However, no differences in aortic or cerebral artery stiffness were observed between groups. Interestingly, the OVX + Soy group scored better on nesting behavior compared with both sham and OVX groups. In summary, we found that ovariectomy impairs insulin-mediated vasodilation in cerebral arteries, but a diet containing soy mitigates these effects. These findings highlight the importance of considering dietary soy when performing vascular and behavioral tests in mice, particularly in females.NEW & NOTEWORTHY To properly design experiments, we must consider how variables like diet impact our outcomes, particularly the effects of soy on females. We found that cerebral artery vasodilation in response to insulin was impaired in ovariectomized female mice compared with intact shams. However, ovariectomized mice fed a soy diet had a preserved cerebral artery insulin-mediated vasodilation. These results highlight that the effects of diet on vascular function may explain inconsistencies found between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie N Kehmeier
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Aleena Khurana
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Bradley R Bedell
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Abigail E Cullen
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Audrey T Cannon
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Grant D Henson
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Ashley E Walker
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
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Frimat M, Gnemmi V, Stichelbout M, Provôt F, Fakhouri F. Pregnancy as a susceptible state for thrombotic microangiopathies. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1343060. [PMID: 38476448 PMCID: PMC10927739 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1343060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy and the postpartum period represent phases of heightened vulnerability to thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs), as evidenced by distinct patterns of pregnancy-specific TMAs (e.g., preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome), as well as a higher incidence of nonspecific TMAs, such as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura or hemolytic uremic syndrome, during pregnancy. Significant strides have been taken in understanding the underlying mechanisms of these disorders in the past 40 years. This progress has involved the identification of pivotal factors contributing to TMAs, such as the complement system, ADAMTS13, and the soluble VEGF receptor Flt1. Regardless of the specific causal factor (which is not generally unique in relation to the usual multifactorial origin of TMAs), the endothelial cell stands as a central player in the pathophysiology of TMAs. Pregnancy has a major impact on the physiology of the endothelium. Besides to the development of placenta and its vascular consequences, pregnancy modifies the characteristics of the women's microvascular endothelium and tends to render it more prone to thrombosis. This review aims to delineate the distinct features of pregnancy-related TMAs and explore the contributing mechanisms that lead to this increased susceptibility, particularly influenced by the "gravid endothelium." Furthermore, we will discuss the potential contribution of histopathological studies in facilitating the etiological diagnosis of pregnancy-related TMAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Frimat
- CHU Lille, Nephrology Department, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | | | | | - François Provôt
- CHU Lille, Nephrology Department, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Fadi Fakhouri
- Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, CHUV and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Deng J, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Yu F. Ghrelin improves endothelial function and reduces blood pressure in Ang II-induced hypertensive mice: Role of AMPK. Clin Exp Hypertens 2023; 45:2208774. [PMID: 37149883 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2023.2208774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction is a major pathophysiology observed in hypertension. Ghrelin, a key regulator of metabolism, has been shown to play protective roles in cardiovascular system. However, whether it has the effect of improving endothelial function and lowering blood pressure in Ang II-induced hypertensive mice remains unclear. METHODS In this study, hypertension was induced by continuous infusion of Ang II with a subcutaneous osmotic pumps and ghrelin (30 μg/kg/day) was intraperitoneal injection for 4 weeks. Acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation in aortae was measured on wire myograph and superoxide production in mouse aortae was assessed by fluorescence imaging. RESULTS We found that ghrelin had protective effects on Ang II-induced hypertension by inhibiting oxidative stress, increasing NO production, improving endothelial function, and lowering blood pressure. Furthermore, ghrelin activated AMPK signaling in Ang II-induced hypertension, leading to inhibition of oxidative stress. Compound C, a specific inhibitor of AMPK, reversed the protective effects of ghrelin on the reduction of oxidative stress, the improvement of endothelial function and the reduction of blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS our findings indicated that ghrelin protected against Ang II-induced hypertension by improving endothelial function and lowering blood pressure partly through activating AMPK signaling. Thus, ghrelin may be a valuable therapeutic strategy for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Songshan General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yindi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fadong Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Ramírez-Hernández D, López-Sánchez P, Lezama-Martínez D, Kuyoc-Arroyo NM, Rodríguez-Rodríguez JE, Fonseca-Coronado S, Valencia-Hernández I, Flores-Monroy J. Timing Matters: Effects of Early and Late Estrogen Replacement Therapy on Glucose Metabolism and Vascular Reactivity in Ovariectomized Aged Wistar Rats. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2023; 2023:6683989. [PMID: 38025203 PMCID: PMC10665112 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6683989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease incidence increases after menopause due to the loss of estrogen cardioprotective effects. However, there are conflicting data regarding the timing of estrogen therapy (ERT) and its effect on vascular dysfunction associated with impaired glucose metabolism. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of early and late ERT on blood glucose/insulin balance and vascular reactivity in aged ovariectomized Wistar rats. Eighteen-month-old female Wistar rats were randomized as follows: (1) sham, (2) 10-week postovariectomy (10 w), (3) 10 w postovariectomy+early estradiol therapy (10 w-early E2), (4) 20-week postovariectomy (20 w), and (5) 20-week postovariectomy+late estradiol therapy (20 w-late E2). Early E2 was administered 3 days after ovariectomy and late therapy after 10 weeks, in both groups. 17β-Estradiol (E2) was administered daily for 10 weeks (5 μg/kg/day). Concentration-response curves to angiotensin II, KCl, and acetylcholine (ACh) were performed. Heart rate (HR), diastolic and systolic blood pressure (DBP and SBP), glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and nitric oxide (NO) levels were determined. Higher glucose levels were found in all groups compared to the sham group, except the 20 w-late E2 group. Insulin was increased in all ovariectomized groups compared to sham. The HOMA-IR index showed insulin resistance in all ovariectomized groups, except for the 10 w-early E2 group. The 10 w-early E2 group increased NO levels vs. the 10 w group. After 10 w postovariectomy, the vascular response to KCl and Ach increases, despite early E2 administration. Early and late E2 treatment decreased vascular reactivity to Ang II. At 20-week postovariectomy, DBP increased, even with E2 administration, while SBP and HR remained unchanged. The effects of E2 therapy on blood glucose/insulin balance and vascular reactivity depend on the timing of therapy. Early ERT may provide some protective effects on insulin resistance and vascular function, whereas late ERT may not have the same benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Ramírez-Hernández
- Myocardial Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Higher Studies Cuautitlan, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 54740 State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Pedro López-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Diego Lezama-Martínez
- Myocardial Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Higher Studies Cuautitlan, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 54740 State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Neidy M. Kuyoc-Arroyo
- Myocardial Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Higher Studies Cuautitlan, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 54740 State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jessica E. Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Biological Pharmaceutical Chemist Career, Faculty of Higher Education Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Batalla 5 de Mayo S/N, Ejército de Oriente, Iztapalapa, 09230 Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratory 7, Biomedicine Unit, Faculty of Higher Education Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Ixtacala, 54090 Tlalnepantla de Baz, Mexico
| | - Salvador Fonseca-Coronado
- Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Higher Studies Cuautitlan, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 54740 State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Valencia-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Cardiovascular, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jazmin Flores-Monroy
- Myocardial Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Higher Studies Cuautitlan, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 54740 State of Mexico, Mexico
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Antoniades C, Tousoulis D, Vavlukis M, Fleming I, Duncker DJ, Eringa E, Manfrini O, Antonopoulos AS, Oikonomou E, Padró T, Trifunovic-Zamaklar D, De Luca G, Guzik T, Cenko E, Djordjevic-Dikic A, Crea F. Perivascular adipose tissue as a source of therapeutic targets and clinical biomarkers. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:3827-3844. [PMID: 37599464 PMCID: PMC10568001 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a modifiable cardiovascular risk factor, but adipose tissue (AT) depots in humans are anatomically, histologically, and functionally heterogeneous. For example, visceral AT is a pro-atherogenic secretory AT depot, while subcutaneous AT represents a more classical energy storage depot. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) regulates vascular biology via paracrine cross-talk signals. In this position paper, the state-of-the-art knowledge of various AT depots is reviewed providing a consensus definition of PVAT around the coronary arteries, as the AT surrounding the artery up to a distance from its outer wall equal to the luminal diameter of the artery. Special focus is given to the interactions between PVAT and the vascular wall that render PVAT a potential therapeutic target in cardiovascular diseases. This Clinical Consensus Statement also discusses the role of PVAT as a clinically relevant source of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of vascular function, which may guide precision medicine in atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure, and other cardiovascular diseases. In this article, its role as a 'biosensor' of vascular inflammation is highlighted with description of recent imaging technologies that visualize PVAT in clinical practice, allowing non-invasive quantification of coronary inflammation and the related residual cardiovascular inflammatory risk, guiding deployment of therapeutic interventions. Finally, the current and future clinical applicability of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies is reviewed that integrate PVAT information into prognostic models to provide clinically meaningful information in primary and secondary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalambos Antoniades
- Acute Multidisciplinary Imaging and Interventional Centre, RDM Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford OX39DU, UK
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Cardiology Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Marija Vavlukis
- Medical Faculty, University Clinic for Cardiology, University Ss’ Cyril and Methodius in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dirk J Duncker
- Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Etto Eringa
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, Research Institute—Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olivia Manfrini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alexios S Antonopoulos
- Acute Multidisciplinary Imaging and Interventional Centre, RDM Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford OX39DU, UK
- 1st Cardiology Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- 1st Cardiology Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Teresa Padró
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- CiberCV, Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Giuseppe De Luca
- Division of Cardiology, AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Cardiologia Ospedaliera, Nuovo Galeazzi-Sant’Ambrogio, Milan, Italy
| | - Tomasz Guzik
- Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow, Poland
| | - Edina Cenko
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ana Djordjevic-Dikic
- Medical Faculty, Cardiology Clinic, University Clinical Center, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Filippo Crea
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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7
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Huang Y, Zhao H, Shi X, Liu J, Lin JM, Ma Q, Jiang S, Pu W, Ma Y, Liu J, Wu W, Wang J, Liu Q. GRB2 serves as a viable target against skin fibrosis in systemic sclerosis by regulating endothelial cell apoptosis. J Dermatol Sci 2023; 111:109-119. [PMID: 37661474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by vascular and immune system dysfunction, along with tissue fibrosis. Our previous study found GRB2 was downregulated by salvianolic acid B, a small molecule drug that attenuated skin fibrosis of SSc. OBJECTIVES Here we aim to investigate the role of GRB2 in SSc. METHODS The microarray data of SSc skin biopsies in Caucasians were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The expression of GRB2 was further detected in Chinese SSc and healthy controls. Bleomycin (BLM)-induced skin fibrosis mice were used to explore how GRB2 downregulation affected fibrosis. The apoptosis of EA.hy926 endothelial cells was induced by H2O2 and apoptosis ratio was measured by flow cytometric. Transcriptome and phosphoproteomic analyses were performed to explore the regulated pathway. RESULTS The expression of GRB2 was significantly enhanced in SSc patient skin, 1.51-fold in Caucasians and 1.40-fold in Chinese. Double immunofluorescence staining showed the endothelial cells of SSc patient's skin highly expressed GRB2. The in vivo study revealed that GRB2 knockdown alleviated skin fibrosis and apoptosis of endothelial cells in BLM mouse skin. The in vitro study showed that GRB2 downregulation inhibited the apoptosis of EA.hy926 and protected them from H2O2-induced hyperpermeability. Moreover, transcriptome and phosphoproteomic analysis suggested the focal adhesion pathway was enriched in GRB2 siRNA transfected endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated GRB2 highly expressed in endothelial cells of SSc skin, and inhibiting GRB2 could effectively attenuate BLM-induced skin fibrosis and endothelial cell apoptosis. GRB2 is expected to be a new therapeutic target for SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Nanjing Intellectual Property Protection Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangguang Shi
- Division of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jui-Ming Lin
- Division of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weilin Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyun Ma
- Institute for Six-sector Economy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianlan Liu
- Division of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyu Wu
- Division of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, China; Department of Dermatology, Jing' an District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiucun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Division of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, China; Research Unit of Dissecting the Population Genetics and Developing New Technologies for Treatment and Prevention of Skin Phenotypes and Dermatological Diseases (2019RU058), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China.
| | - Qingmei Liu
- Division of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Dwaib HS, AlZaim I, Ajouz G, Eid AH, El-Yazbi A. Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Impact of Early Metabolic Impairment: Interplay between Dysbiosis and Adipose Inflammation. Mol Pharmacol 2022; 102:481-500. [PMID: 34732528 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolving view of gut microbiota has shifted toward describing the colonic flora as a dynamic organ in continuous interaction with systemic physiologic processes. Alterations of the normal gut bacterial profile, known as dysbiosis, has been linked to a wide array of pathologies. Of particular interest is the cardiovascular-metabolic disease continuum originating from positive energy intake and high-fat diets. Accumulating evidence suggests a role for sex hormones in modulating the gut microbiome community. Such a role provides an additional layer of modulation of the early inflammatory changes culminating in negative metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes. In this review, we will shed the light on the role of sex hormones in cardiovascular dysfunction mediated by high-fat diet-induced dysbiosis, together with the possible involvement of insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation. Insights into novel therapeutic interventions will be discussed as well. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Increasing evidence implicates a role for dysbiosis in the cardiovascular complications of metabolic dysfunction. This minireview summarizes the available data on the sex-based differences in gut microbiota alterations associated with dietary patterns leading to metabolic impairment. A role for a differential impact of adipose tissue inflammation across sexes in mediating the cardiovascular detrimental phenotype following diet-induced dysbiosis is proposed. Better understanding of this pathway will help introduce early approaches to mitigate cardiovascular deterioration in metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen S Dwaib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine (H.S.D., I.A., G.A., A.E.-Y.), Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences (H.S.D.), American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (I.A.); Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine (A.H.E.), Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health (A.H.E.), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.E.-Y.); and Faculty of Pharmacy, Alalamein International University, Alalamein, Egypt (A.E.-Y.)
| | - Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine (H.S.D., I.A., G.A., A.E.-Y.), Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences (H.S.D.), American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (I.A.); Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine (A.H.E.), Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health (A.H.E.), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.E.-Y.); and Faculty of Pharmacy, Alalamein International University, Alalamein, Egypt (A.E.-Y.)
| | - Ghina Ajouz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine (H.S.D., I.A., G.A., A.E.-Y.), Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences (H.S.D.), American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (I.A.); Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine (A.H.E.), Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health (A.H.E.), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.E.-Y.); and Faculty of Pharmacy, Alalamein International University, Alalamein, Egypt (A.E.-Y.)
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine (H.S.D., I.A., G.A., A.E.-Y.), Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences (H.S.D.), American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (I.A.); Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine (A.H.E.), Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health (A.H.E.), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.E.-Y.); and Faculty of Pharmacy, Alalamein International University, Alalamein, Egypt (A.E.-Y.)
| | - Ahmed El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine (H.S.D., I.A., G.A., A.E.-Y.), Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences (H.S.D.), American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (I.A.); Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine (A.H.E.), Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health (A.H.E.), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.E.-Y.); and Faculty of Pharmacy, Alalamein International University, Alalamein, Egypt (A.E.-Y.)
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9
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Ellagic Acid prevents vascular dysfunction in small mesenteric arteries of ovariectomized hypertensive rats. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 105:108995. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Li L, Lai EY, Cao X, Welch WJ, Wilcox CS. Endothelial prostaglandin D 2 opposes angiotensin II contractions in mouse isolated perfused intracerebral microarterioles. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2020; 21:1470320320966177. [PMID: 33094663 PMCID: PMC7585895 DOI: 10.1177/1470320320966177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothesis: A lack of contraction of cerebral microarterioles to Ang II (“resilience”) depends on cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipocalin type prostaglandin D sythase L-PGDS producing PGD2 that activates prostaglandin D type 1 receptors (DP1Rs) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Materials & Methods: Contractions were assessed in isolated, perfused vessels and NO by fluorescence microscopy. Results: The mRNAs of penetrating intraparenchymal cerebral microarterioles versus renal afferent arterioles were >3000-fold greater for L-PGDS and DP1R and 5-fold for NOS III and COX 2. Larger cerebral arteries contracted with Ang II. However, cerebral microarterioles were entirely unresponsive but contracted with endothelin 1 and perfusion pressure. Ang II contractions were evoked in cerebral microarterioles from COX1 –/– mice or after blockade of COX2, L-PGDS or NOS and in deendothelialized vessels but effects of deendothelialization were lost during COX blockade. NO generation with Ang II depended on COX and also was increased by DP1R activation. Conclusion: The resilience of cerebral arterioles to Ang II contractions is specific for intraparenchymal microarterioles and depends on endothelial COX1 and two products that are metabolized by L-PGDS to generate PGD2 that signals via DP1Rs and NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- Hypertension Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA.,Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - E Y Lai
- Hypertension Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA.,Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - X Cao
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - W J Welch
- Hypertension Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - C S Wilcox
- Hypertension Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
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11
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Victorio JA, da Costa RM, Tostes RC, Davel AP. Modulation of Vascular Function by Perivascular Adipose Tissue: Sex Differences. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:3768-3777. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200701211912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the endothelium, the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has been described to be involved
in the local modulation of vascular function by synthetizing and releasing vasoactive factors. Under
physiological conditions, PVAT has anticontractile and anti-inflammatory effects. However, in the context of
hypertension, obesity and type 2 diabetes, the PVAT pattern of anticontractile adipokines is altered, favoring
oxidative stress, inflammation and, consequently, vascular dysfunction. Therefore, dysfunctional PVAT has become
a target for therapeutic intervention in cardiometabolic diseases. An increasing number of studies have
revealed sex differences in PVAT morphology and in the modulatory effects of PVAT on endothelial function
and vascular tone. Moreover, distinct mechanisms underlying PVAT dysfunction may account for vascular abnormalities
in males and females. Therefore, targeting sex-specific mechanisms of PVAT dysfunction in cardiovascular
diseases is an evolving strategy for cardiovascular protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamaira A. Victorio
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael M. da Costa
- Special Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Federal University of Goias-Jatai, Jatai-GO, Brazil
| | - Rita C. Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - Ana P. Davel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas-SP, Brazil
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12
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de Souza AMA, Ji H, Wu X, Sandberg K, West CA. Persistent Renin-Angiotensin System Sensitization Months After Body Weight Recovery From Severe Food Restriction in Female Fischer Rats. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e017246. [PMID: 32674648 PMCID: PMC7660733 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.017246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Prior exposure to periods of severe food restriction (sFR) is associated with increased risk of developing hypertension and cardiovascular disease later in life. Methods and Results To investigate the mechanism of these long-term adverse effects of sFR, 4-month-old female Fischer rats were divided in 2 groups and maintained on a normal diet ad libitum (control) or on an sFR diet with 60% reduction in daily food intake for 2 weeks that resulted in a 15% reduction in body weight. After the 2-week sFR period ended, both groups received normal chow ad libitum for 3 months. Within 2 weeks after refeeding was initiated in the sFR group, body weight was restored to control levels; however, plasma angiotensinogen (1.3-fold; P<0.05), Ang-[1-8] (2.0-fold; P<0.05), and angiotensin-converting enzyme activity (1.1-fold; P<0.01) were all elevated 3 months after refeeding. Angiotensin type 1 receptor activity was also increased as evidenced by augmented pressor responses to angiotensin-[1-8] (P<0.01) and depressor responses to the angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonist, losartan (P<0.01) in the sFR group. Conclusions These results indicate that sensitization of the renin-angiotensin system persisted months after the sFR period ended. These findings may have implications for women who voluntarily or involuntarily experience an extended period of sFR and thus may be at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease through sensitization of the renin-angiotensin system even though their body weight, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate appear normal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Ji
- Department of Medicine Georgetown University Washington DC
| | - Xie Wu
- Department of Medicine Georgetown University Washington DC
| | | | - Crystal A West
- Department of Medicine Georgetown University Washington DC
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13
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Almeida JFQ, Shults N, de Souza AMA, Ji H, Wu X, Woods J, Sandberg K. Short-term very low caloric intake causes endothelial dysfunction and increased susceptibility to cardiac arrhythmias and pathology in male rats. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:1172-1184. [PMID: 32410300 PMCID: PMC7496402 DOI: 10.1113/ep088434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
New Findings What is the central question of this study? What are the effects of a 2 week period of severe food restriction on vascular reactivity of resistance arteries and on cardiac structure and function? What is the main finding and its importance? This study showed, for the first time, that a 2 week period of severe food restriction in adult male Fischer rats caused endothelial dysfunction in mesenteric arteries and increased the susceptibility to ischaemia–reperfusion‐induced arrhythmias and cardiac pathology. Our findings might have ramifications for cardiovascular risk in people who experience periods of inadequate caloric intake.
Abstract Severe food restriction (sFR) is a common dieting strategy for rapid weight loss. Male Fischer rats were maintained on a control (CT) or sFR (40% of CT food intake) diet for 14 days to mimic low‐calorie crash diets. The sFR diet reduced body weight by 16%. Haematocrits were elevated by 10% in the sFR rats, which was consistent with the reduced plasma volume. Mesenteric arteries from sFR rats had increased sensitivity to vasoconstrictors, including angiotensin II [maximum (%): CT, 1.30 ± 0.46 versus sFR, 11.5 ± 1.6; P < 0.0001; n = 7] and phenylephrine [maximum (%): CT, 78.5 ± 2.8 versus sFR, 94.5 ± 1.7; P < 0.001; n = 7] and reduced sensitivity to the vasodilator acetylcholine [EC50 (nm): CT, 49.2 ± 5.2 versus sFR, 71.6 ± 6.8; P < 0.05; n = 7]. Isolated hearts from sFR rats had a 1.7‐fold increase in the rate of cardiac arrhythmias in response to ischaemia–reperfusion and more cardiac pathology, including myofibrillar disarray with contractions and cardiomyocyte lysis, than hearts from CT rats. The sFR dietary regimen is similar to very low‐calorie commercial and self‐help weight‐loss programmes, which provide ∼800–1000 kcal day−1. Therefore, these findings in rats warrant the study of cardiovascular function in individuals who engage in extreme dieting or are subjected to bouts of very low caloric intake for other reasons, such as socioeconomic factors and natural disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nataliia Shults
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Hong Ji
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Xie Wu
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James Woods
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kathryn Sandberg
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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14
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Sun B, Yang D, Yin YZ, Xiao J. Estrogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of pseudoprotodioscin in atherosclerosis-prone mice: Insights into endothelial cells and perivascular adipose tissues. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 869:172887. [PMID: 31877277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoprotodioscin (PPD), a phytoestrogen isolated from Dioscorea nipponica Makino, is recognized to possess anti-inflammatory and antiadipogenic capacities. However, little is known about the antiatherosclerotic effects of PPD and the underlying mechanisms. Here, the contribution of estrogen receptors (ERs) and inflammation to PPD-mediated amelioration of endothelial dysfunction has been fully assessed. PPD administration alleviated atherosclerotic lesions by lowering total cholesterol in ovariectomized apoE-/- mice fed a high-cholesterol diet. Molecular docking analysis suggested a selective interaction of PPD with ERα. Upon PPD treatment, ERα and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein levels were increased, whereas cell adhesion molecule and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA levels were suppressed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) after injury caused by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). These effects could be abolished by an ERα antagonist or a NOS inhibitor. Whereas, PPD can ERα-independently suppress TNFα expression in peritoneal macrophages upon LPS induction. Estrogen deficiency induced inflammatory phenotypes in perivascular adipose tissue (PAT), which could be partially attenuated by PPD. The increased release of adiponectin in PAT after PPD treatment is in accordance with previous reported data showing that adiponectin exerts anti-inflammatory effects in multiple cell types. ERα-dependent antiadipogenic effects of PPD were also detected in PAT-derived stromal cells. The present study reveals a novel mechanism through which PPD exerts estrogenic and anti-inflammatory properties in atherosclerosis-prone mice. Thus, PPD is a promising compound which has potential therapeutic effects on atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Dan Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Yue-Zhang Yin
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, 250355, PR China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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15
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Craig JC, Colburn TD, Hirai DM, Musch TI, Poole DC. Sexual dimorphism in the control of skeletal muscle interstitial Po 2 of heart failure rats: effects of dietary nitrate supplementation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:1184-1192. [PMID: 30844332 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01004.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in the mechanisms underlying cardiovascular pathophysiology of O2 transport in heart failure (HF) remain to be explored. In HF, nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is reduced and contributes to deficits in O2 delivery-to-utilization matching. Females may rely more on NO for cardiovascular control and as such experience greater decrements in HF. We tested the hypotheses that moderate HF induced by myocardial infarction would attenuate the skeletal muscle interstitial Po2 response to contractions (Po2is; determined by O2 delivery-to-utilization matching) compared with healthy controls and females would express greater dysfunction than male counterparts. Furthermore, we hypothesized that 5 days of dietary nitrate supplementation (Nitrate; 1 mmol·kg-1·day-1) would raise Po2is in HF rats. Forty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to healthy, HF, or HF + Nitrate groups (each n = 14; 7 female/7 male). Spinotrapezius Po2is was measured via phosphorescence quenching during electrically induced twitch contractions (180 s; 1 Hz). HF reduced resting Po2is for both sexes compared with healthy controls (P < 0.01), and females were lower than males (14 ± 1 vs. 17 ± 2 mmHg) (P < 0.05). In HF both sexes expressed reduced Po2is amplitudes following the onset of muscle contractions compared with healthy controls (female: -41 ± 7%, male: -26 ± 12%) (P < 0.01). In HF rats, Nitrate elevated resting Po2is to values not different from healthy rats and removed the sex difference. Female HF + Nitrate rats expressed greater resting Po2is and amplitudes compared with female HF (P < 0.05). In this model of moderate HF, O2 delivery-to-utilization matching in the interstitial space is diminished in a sex-specific manner and dietary nitrate supplementation may serve to offset this reduction in HF rats with greater effects in females. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Interstitial Po2 (Po2is; indicative of O2 delivery-to-utilization matching) determines, in part, O2 flux into skeletal muscle. We show that heart failure (HF) reduces Po2is at rest and during skeletal muscle contractions in rats and this negative effect is amplified for females. However, elevating NO bioavailability with dietary nitrate supplementation increases resting Po2is and alters the dynamic response with greater efficacy in female HF rats, particularly at rest and following the onset of muscle contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse C Craig
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Trenton D Colburn
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Daniel M Hirai
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Timothy I Musch
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas.,Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas
| | - David C Poole
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas.,Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas
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16
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Pabbidi MR, Kuppusamy M, Didion SP, Sanapureddy P, Reed JT, Sontakke SP. Sex differences in the vascular function and related mechanisms: role of 17β-estradiol. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H1499-H1518. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00194.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is lower in premenopausal women but increases with age and menopause compared with similarly aged men. Based on the prevalence of CVD in postmenopausal women, sex hormone-dependent mechanisms have been postulated to be the primary factors responsible for the protection from CVD in premenopausal women. Recent Women’s Health Initiative studies, Cochrane Review studies, the Early Versus Late Intervention Trial with Estradiol Study, and the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study have suggested that beneficial effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are seen in women of <60 yr of age and if initiated within <10 yr of menopause. In contrast, the beneficial effects of HRT are not seen in women of >60 yr of age and if commenced after 10 yr of menopause. The higher incidence of CVD and the failure of HRT in postmenopausal aged women could be partly associated with fundamental differences in the vascular structure and function between men and women and in between pre- and postmenopausal women, respectively. In this regard, previous studies from human and animal studies have identified several sex differences in vascular function and associated mechanisms. The female sex hormone 17β-estradiol regulates the majority of these mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the sex differences in vascular structure, myogenic properties, endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms, and the role of 17β-estradiol in the regulation of vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallikarjuna R. Pabbidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Maniselvan Kuppusamy
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Sean P. Didion
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Padmaja Sanapureddy
- Department of Primary Care and Medicine, G. V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Joey T. Reed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Sumit P. Sontakke
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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17
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Kim GL, Hwang HR, Kim YJ, Lee SY, Lee JG, Jeong DW, Yi YH, Tak YJ, Lee SH, Park AR. The Association of Body Fat and Arterial Stiffness Using the Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity. Korean J Fam Med 2018; 39:347-354. [PMID: 30376701 PMCID: PMC6250948 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.17.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BMI alone may not serve as an index of obesity because it does not reflect body composition. The present study aimed to compare arterial stiffness as assessed by the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV) among groups defined by body fat percentage (pBF) and BMI. METHODS This cross-sectional study was based on 1,700 participants (1,044 men and 656 women) who completed a health screening examination at a national hospital between January 2011 and February 2016. Participants were divided into four groups according to BMI and pBF: normal fat and normal weight (NFNW); excessive fat and normal weight (EFNW); normal fat and obese (NFO); and excessive fat and obese (EFO). The ba-PWV and other cardiometabolic factors were compared among the four groups in men and women separately. RESULTS For both sexes, the NFNW group had a lower metabolic risk compared to that in the other groups (EFNW, NFO, and EFO). After adjusting for multiple variables, the NFO males had a significantly lower ba-PWV compared to those in the other groups, including NFNW males. The NFO group had significantly more skeletal muscle mass and muscle mass compared the other groups (P<0.05). Among women, the NFNW group had a significantly lower ba-PWV compared the other groups, even after adjusting for multiple variables. CONCLUSION Lower pBF in obese men may be associated with improved cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu Lee Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Hye Rim Hwang
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.,Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Yun Jin Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.,Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang Yeoup Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.,Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.,Medical Education Unit and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jeong Gyu Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.,Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Dong Wook Jeong
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.,Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Yu Hyeon Yi
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.,Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Young Jin Tak
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.,Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Seung Hun Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.,Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - A Rum Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
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18
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Cho DH, Joo HJ, Kim MN, Lim DS, Shim WJ, Park SM. Association between epicardial adipose tissue, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and myocardial dysfunction in middle-aged men with suspected metabolic syndrome. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:95. [PMID: 29960588 PMCID: PMC6026337 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0735-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As body fat composition and metabolism differ between men and women, we evaluated sex-related differences in the association among epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), secretome profile, and myocardial function of subjects with suspected metabolic syndrome. METHODS We evaluated 277 participants (men, n = 140; 56.1 ± 4.7 years) who underwent conventional echocardiography and two-dimensional speckle tracking from the Seoul Metabolic Syndrome cohort. EAT was measured from the right ventricular free wall perpendicular to the aortic annulus at end systole. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) was obtained from 18 apical segments. Apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B, adiponectin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were measured using immunoturbidimetry assay. RESULTS Mean age, body mass index, and hs-CRP level did not differ by sex. Waist circumference, fasting blood glucose level, and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio were higher, and apolipoprotein AI and adiponectin levels were lower in men. No significant difference in mean EAT thickness was found (7.02 ± 1.81 vs. 7.13 ± 1.70 mm, p = 0.613). Men had a higher left ventricular (LV) mass index and lower GLS. EAT thickness was associated with hs-CRP level in men alone (ß = 0.206, p = 0.015). LV mass index (ß = 2.311, p = 0.037) and function represented by e' (ß = - 0.279, p = 0.001) and GLS (ß = - 0.332, p < 0.001) were independently associated with EAT thickness in men alone. CONCLUSIONS In middle-aged subjects with suspected metabolic syndrome, EAT was associated with inflammation represented by hs-CRP level, LV mass, and subclinical myocardial dysfunction only in men, suggesting that the inflammatory activity of EAT induced myocardial remodeling and dysfunction in middle-aged subjects but was attenuated in women. Trial registration NCT02077530 (date of registration: November 1, 2013).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyuk Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Anam Hospital, Inchonro 73, Seongbukgu, Seoul, 136-705 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Joo
- Division of Cardiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Anam Hospital, Inchonro 73, Seongbukgu, Seoul, 136-705 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Na Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Anam Hospital, Inchonro 73, Seongbukgu, Seoul, 136-705 Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Sun Lim
- Division of Cardiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Anam Hospital, Inchonro 73, Seongbukgu, Seoul, 136-705 Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Joo Shim
- Division of Cardiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Anam Hospital, Inchonro 73, Seongbukgu, Seoul, 136-705 Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Mi Park
- Division of Cardiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Anam Hospital, Inchonro 73, Seongbukgu, Seoul, 136-705 Republic of Korea
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19
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Han F, Li K, Pan R, Xu W, Han X, Hou N, Sun X. Calycosin directly improves perivascular adipose tissue dysfunction by upregulating the adiponectin/AMPK/eNOS pathway in obese mice. Food Funct 2018; 9:2409-2415. [PMID: 29595858 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00328a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) loses its anti-contractile activity in obesity. Calycosin, the major bioactive isoflavonoid, was shown to protect endothelial function. However, effects of calycosin on PVAT function in obesity remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the effects of calycosin on the anti-contractile activity of PVAT in obese mice and its potential mechanisms. Obesity in mice was induced with a high-fat diet, with or without calycosin treatment. Thoracic aorta responses to phenylephrine were determined. AMP protein kinase (AMPK) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) levels were analyzed by western blotting. Adiponectin, TNF-α levels and superoxide production were measured in the PVAT. Calycosin treatment significantly increased the anti-contractile response of PVAT, which was impaired in obese mice. This beneficial effect of calycosin was eliminated by treatments of blocking adiponectin, AMPK or eNOS. Similar results were observed for calycosin treatment ex vivo. Treatment of obese mice with calycosin significantly increased adiponectin levels, activated AMPK and eNOS phosphorylation and reduced superoxide production and TNF-α levels in PVAT. Our results indicated that calycosin restored PVAT induced anti-contractile activity and affected PVAT function through the adiponectin/AMPK/eNOS pathway in obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Han
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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20
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Jurrissen TJ, Olver TD, Winn NC, Grunewald ZI, Lin GS, Hiemstra JA, Edwards JC, Gastecki ML, Welly RJ, Emter CA, Vieira-Potter, VJ, Padilla J. Endothelial dysfunction occurs independently of adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in ovariectomized Yucatan miniature-swine. Adipocyte 2018; 7:35-44. [PMID: 29283284 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2017.1405191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In rodents, experimentally-induced ovarian hormone deficiency increases adiposity and adipose tissue (AT) inflammation, which is thought to contribute to insulin resistance and increased cardiovascular disease risk. However, whether this occurs in a translationally-relevant large animal model remains unknown. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that ovariectomy would promote visceral and perivascular AT (PVAT) inflammation, as well as subsequent insulin resistance and peripheral vascular dysfunction in female swine. At sexual maturity (7 months of age), female Yucatan mini-swine either remained intact (control, n = 9) or were ovariectomized (OVX, n = 7). All pigs were fed standard chow (15-20 g/kg), and were euthanized 6 months post-surgery. Uterine mass and plasma estradiol levels were decreased by ∼10-fold and 2-fold, respectively, in OVX compared to control pigs. Body mass, glucose homeostasis, and markers of insulin resistance were not different between control and OVX pigs; however, OVX animals exhibited greater plasma triglycerides and triglyceride:HDL ratio. Ovariectomy enhanced visceral adipocyte expansion, although this was not accompanied by brachial artery PVAT adipocyte expansion, AT inflammation in either depot, or increased systemic inflammation assessed by plasma C-reactive protein concentrations. Despite the lack of AT inflammation and insulin resistance, OVX pigs exhibited depressed brachial artery endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation, which was rescued with blockade of endothelin receptor A. Together, these findings indicate that in female Yucatan mini-swine, increased AT inflammation and insulin resistance are not required for loss of ovarian hormones to induce endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Jurrissen
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - T. Dylan Olver
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Nathan C. Winn
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Zachary I. Grunewald
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Gabriela S. Lin
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Biology, Barry University, Miami, FL, United States
| | | | - Jenna C. Edwards
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Michelle L. Gastecki
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Rebecca J. Welly
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Craig A. Emter
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | | | - Jaume Padilla
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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21
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Fernández-Alfonso MS, Somoza B, Tsvetkov D, Kuczmanski A, Dashwood M, Gil-Ortega M. Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease. Compr Physiol 2017; 8:23-59. [PMID: 29357124 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is cushion of fat tissue surrounding blood vessels, which is phenotypically different from other adipose tissue depots. PVAT is composed of adipocytes and stromal vascular fraction, constituted by different populations of immune cells, endothelial cells, and adipose-derived stromal cells. It expresses and releases an important number of vasoactive factors with paracrine effects on vascular structure and function. In healthy individuals, these factors elicit a net anticontractile and anti-inflammatory paracrine effect aimed at meeting hemodynamic and metabolic demands of specific organs and regions of the body. Pathophysiological situations, such as obesity, diabetes or hypertension, induce changes in its amount and in the expression pattern of vasoactive factors leading to a PVAT dysfunction in which the beneficial paracrine influence of PVAT is shifted to a pro-oxidant, proinflammatory, contractile, and trophic environment leading to functional and structural cardiovascular alterations and cardiovascular disease. Many different PVATs surrounding a variety of blood vessels have been described and exhibit regional differences. Both protective and deleterious influence of PVAT differs regionally depending on the specific vascular bed contributing to variations in the susceptibility of arteries and veins to vascular disease. PVAT therefore, might represent a novel target for pharmacological intervention in cardiovascular disease. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:23-59, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz Somoza
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dmitry Tsvetkov
- Department of Anestesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, HELIOS Klinikum, Berlin-Buch GmbH, Germany.,Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Artur Kuczmanski
- Department of Anestesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, HELIOS Klinikum, Berlin-Buch GmbH, Germany
| | - Mick Dashwood
- Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Gil-Ortega
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Bae CR, Hino J, Hosoda H, Arai Y, Son C, Makino H, Tokudome T, Tomita T, Kimura T, Nojiri T, Hosoda K, Miyazato M, Kangawa K. Overexpression of C-type Natriuretic Peptide in Endothelial Cells Protects against Insulin Resistance and Inflammation during Diet-induced Obesity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9807. [PMID: 28852070 PMCID: PMC5574992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The endogenous peptide C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) binds its receptor, guanylyl cyclase B (GCB), and is expressed by endothelial cells in diverse tissues. Because the endothelial cells of visceral adipose tissue have recently been reported to play a role in lipid metabolism and inflammation, we investigated the effects of CNP on features of obesity by using transgenic (Tg) mice in which CNP was placed under the control of the Tie2 promoter and was thus overexpressed in endothelial cells (E-CNP). Here we show that increased brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in E-CNP Tg mice increased energy expenditure, decreased mesenteric white adipose tissue (MesWAT) fat weight and adipocyte hypertrophy, and prevented the development of fatty liver. Furthermore, CNP overexpression improved glucose tolerance, decreased insulin resistance, and inhibited macrophage infiltration in MesWAT, thus suppressing pro-inflammation during high-fat diet–induced obesity. Our findings indicate an important role for the CNP produced by the endothelial cells in the regulation of MesWAT hypertrophy, insulin resistance, and inflammation during high-fat diet–induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Rong Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Hino
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Hosoda
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Arai
- Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Cheol Son
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Omics Research Center, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisashi Makino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tokudome
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Tomita
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Biobank, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Kimura
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Nojiri
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiminori Hosoda
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikiya Miyazato
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Kangawa
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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23
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Kuang SJ, Qian JS, Yang H, Rao F, Chen XY, Zhang MZ, Shan ZX, Lin QX, Xue YM, Wu SL, Jiang L, Chen CB, Deng CY. The enhancement of TXA 2 receptors-mediated contractile response in intrarenal artery dysfunction in type 2 diabetic mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 805:93-100. [PMID: 28286123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study investigated the alterations in TXA2 receptor signal transduction in type 2 diabetic renal arteries. The contraction of renal arterial rings in control (db/m+) mice and type 2 diabetic (db/db) mice was measured by a Multi Myograph System. Intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in vascular smooth muscle cells was measured by Fluo-4/AM dye and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were used to determine gene and protein expression levels, respectively. A stable TXA2 mimic U46619 caused markedly stronger dose-dependent contractions in the renal arteries of db/db mice than in those of db/m+ mice. This response was completely blocked by a TXA2 receptor antagonist GR32191 and significantly inhibited by U73122. U46619-induced vasoconstriction was increased in the presence of nifedipine in db/db mice compared with that in db/m+ mice, whereas the response to U46619 did not differ between the two groups in the presence of SKF96365. Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release-mediated and CaCl2-induced contractions did not differ between the two groups. In db/db mice, store-operated Ca2+(SOC) entry-mediated contraction in the renal arteries and SOC entry-mediated Ca2+ influx in smooth muscle cells were significantly increased. And the gene and protein expressions of TXA2 receptors, Orai1 and Stim1 were upregulated in the diabetic renal arteries. Therefore the enhancement of U46619-induced contraction was mediated by the upregulation of TXA2 receptors and downstream signaling in the diabetic renal arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Juan Kuang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, PR China; Department of Medical Research, Guangdong General Hospital, PR China; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Jie-Sheng Qian
- Department of Radiology, Intervention Radiology Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hui Yang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, PR China; Department of Medical Research, Guangdong General Hospital, PR China; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Fang Rao
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, PR China; Department of Medical Research, Guangdong General Hospital, PR China; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yan Chen
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, PR China; Department of Medical Research, Guangdong General Hospital, PR China; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Meng-Zhen Zhang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, PR China; Department of Medical Research, Guangdong General Hospital, PR China; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Zhi-Xin Shan
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, PR China; Department of Medical Research, Guangdong General Hospital, PR China; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Qiu-Xiong Lin
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, PR China; Department of Medical Research, Guangdong General Hospital, PR China; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Yu-Mei Xue
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, PR China; Department of Medical Research, Guangdong General Hospital, PR China; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Shu-Lin Wu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, PR China; Department of Medical Research, Guangdong General Hospital, PR China; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Li Jiang
- Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Chun-Bo Chen
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, PR China; Department of Medical Research, Guangdong General Hospital, PR China; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
| | - Chun-Yu Deng
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, PR China; Department of Medical Research, Guangdong General Hospital, PR China; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Gollasch
- Medical Clinic for Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité Campus Virchow Klinikum, and Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité – University Medicine Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
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25
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Vanhoutte PM, Shimokawa H, Feletou M, Tang EHC. Endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease - a 30th anniversary update. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:22-96. [PMID: 26706498 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 556] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium can evoke relaxations of the underlying vascular smooth muscle, by releasing vasodilator substances. The best-characterized endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) is nitric oxide (NO) which activates soluble guanylyl cyclase in the vascular smooth muscle cells, with the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) initiating relaxation. The endothelial cells also evoke hyperpolarization of the cell membrane of vascular smooth muscle (endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations, EDH-mediated responses). As regards the latter, hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) now appears to play a dominant role. Endothelium-dependent relaxations involve both pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi (e.g. responses to α2 -adrenergic agonists, serotonin, and thrombin) and pertussis toxin-insensitive Gq (e.g. adenosine diphosphate and bradykinin) coupling proteins. New stimulators (e.g. insulin, adiponectin) of the release of EDRFs have emerged. In recent years, evidence has also accumulated, confirming that the release of NO by the endothelial cell can chronically be upregulated (e.g. by oestrogens, exercise and dietary factors) and downregulated (e.g. oxidative stress, smoking, pollution and oxidized low-density lipoproteins) and that it is reduced with ageing and in the course of vascular disease (e.g. diabetes and hypertension). Arteries covered with regenerated endothelium (e.g. following angioplasty) selectively lose the pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway for NO release which favours vasospasm, thrombosis, penetration of macrophages, cellular growth and the inflammatory reaction leading to atherosclerosis. In addition to the release of NO (and EDH, in particular those due to H2 O2 ), endothelial cells also can evoke contraction of the underlying vascular smooth muscle cells by releasing endothelium-derived contracting factors. Recent evidence confirms that most endothelium-dependent acute increases in contractile force are due to the formation of vasoconstrictor prostanoids (endoperoxides and prostacyclin) which activate TP receptors of the vascular smooth muscle cells and that prostacyclin plays a key role in such responses. Endothelium-dependent contractions are exacerbated when the production of nitric oxide is impaired (e.g. by oxidative stress, ageing, spontaneous hypertension and diabetes). They contribute to the blunting of endothelium-dependent vasodilatations in aged subjects and essential hypertensive and diabetic patients. In addition, recent data confirm that the release of endothelin-1 can contribute to endothelial dysfunction and that the peptide appears to be an important contributor to vascular dysfunction. Finally, it has become clear that nitric oxide itself, under certain conditions (e.g. hypoxia), can cause biased activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase leading to the production of cyclic inosine monophosphate (cIMP) rather than cGMP and hence causes contraction rather than relaxation of the underlying vascular smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. M. Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
| | - H. Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - M. Feletou
- Department of Cardiovascular Research; Institut de Recherches Servier; Suresnes France
| | - E. H. C. Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
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26
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Akoumianakis I, Tarun A, Antoniades C. Perivascular adipose tissue as a regulator of vascular disease pathogenesis: identifying novel therapeutic targets. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 174:3411-3424. [PMID: 27976387 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is an active endocrine organ with the ability to dynamically secrete a wide range of adipocytokines. Importantly, its secretory profile is altered in various cardiovascular disease states. AT surrounding vessels, or perivascular AT (PVAT), is recognized in particular as an important local regulator of vascular function and dysfunction. Specifically, PVAT has the ability to sense vascular paracrine signals and respond by secreting a variety of vasoactive adipocytokines. Due to the crucial role of PVAT in regulating many aspects of vascular biology, it may constitute a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of vascular disease pathogenesis. Signalling pathways in PVAT, such as those using adiponectin, H2 S, glucagon-like peptide 1 or pro-inflammatory cytokines, are among the potential novel pharmacological therapeutic targets of PVAT. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Perivascular Adipose Tissue - Potential Pharmacological Targets? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.20/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Akoumianakis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford
| | - Akansha Tarun
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford
| | - Charalambos Antoniades
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford
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27
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Taylor LE, Sullivan JC. Sex differences in obesity-induced hypertension and vascular dysfunction: a protective role for estrogen in adipose tissue inflammation? Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R714-R720. [PMID: 27511280 PMCID: PMC5142161 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00202.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a potent predictor of cardiovascular disease and associated risk factors, including hypertension. Systemic inflammation has been suggested by a number of studies to be an important link between excess adiposity and hypertension, yet the majority of the studies have been conducted exclusively in males. This is problematic since women represent ∼53% of hypertensive cases and are more likely than men to be obese. There is a growing body of literature supporting a central role for immune cell activation in numerous experimental models of hypertension, and both the sex of the subject and the sex of the T cell have been shown to impact blood pressure (BP) responses to hypertensive stimuli. Moreover, sex steroid hormones play an important role in energy homeostasis, as well as in the regulation of immune responses; estrogen, in particular, has a well-known impact on both cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to examine whether sex or sex hormones regulate the role of the immune system in the development of hypertension and related vascular dysfunction in response to metabolic changes and stimuli, including a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia E Taylor
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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28
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Isoquercitrin Inhibits Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Apoptosis of EA.hy926 Cells via the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2016; 21:356. [PMID: 27007368 PMCID: PMC6273854 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a critical role in endothelial injury and the pathogenesis of diverse cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. Isoquercitrin (quercetin-3-glucoside), a flavonoid distributed widely in plants, exhibits many biological activities, including anti-allergic, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative effects. In the present study, the inhibitory effect of isoquercitrin on H2O2-induced apoptosis of EA.hy926 cells was evaluated. MTT assays showed that isoquercitrin significantly inhibited H2O2-induced loss of viability in EA.hy926 cells. Hoechst33342/PI and Annexin V-FITC/PI fluorescent double staining indicated that isoquercitrin inhibited H2O2-induced apoptosis of EA.hy926 cells. Western blotting demonstrated that isoquercitrin prevented H2O2-induced increases in cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3 expression, while increasing expression of anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1. Additionally, isoquercitrin significantly increased the expression of p-Akt and p-GSK3β in a dose-dependent manner in EA.hy926 cells. LY294002, a PI3K/Akt inhibitor, inhibited isoquercitrin-induced GSK3β phosphorylation and increase of Mcl-1 expression, which indicated that regulation of isoquercitrin on Mcl-1 expression was likely related to the modulation of Akt activation. These results demonstrated that the anti-apoptotic effect of isoquercitrin on H2O2-induced EA.hy926 cells was likely associated with the regulation of isoquercitrin on Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway and that isoquercitrin could be used clinically to interfere with the progression of endothelial injury-associated cardiovascular disease.
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29
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Kuschnerus K, Landmesser U, Kränkel N. Vascular repair strategies in type 2 diabetes: novel insights. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2015; 5:374-86. [PMID: 26543824 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-3652.2015.05.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Impaired functions of vascular cells are responsible for the majority of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recently a better understanding of mechanisms contributing to development of vascular dysfunction and the role of systemic inflammatory activation and functional alterations of several secretory organs, of which adipose tissue has more recently been investigated, has been achieved. Notably, the progression of vascular disease within the context of T2D appears to be driven by a multitude of incremental signaling shifts. Hence, successful therapies need to target several mechanisms in parallel, and over a long time period. This review will summarize the latest molecular strategies and translational developments of cardiovascular therapy in patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Kuschnerus
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolle Kränkel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie, Berlin, Germany
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30
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Villacorta L, Chang L. The role of perivascular adipose tissue in vasoconstriction, arterial stiffness, and aneurysm. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2015; 21:137-47. [PMID: 25719334 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2014-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since the "rediscovery" of brown adipose tissue in adult humans, significant scientific efforts are being pursued to identify the molecular mechanisms to promote a phenotypic change of white adipocytes into brown-like cells, a process called "browning". It is well documented that white adipose tissue (WAT) mass and factors released from WAT influence the vascular function and positively correlate with cardiac arrest, stroke, and other cardiovascular complications. Similar to other fat depots, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is an active endocrine organ and anatomically surrounds vessels. Both brown-like and white-like PVAT secrete various adipokines, cytokines, and growth factors that either prevent or promote the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) depending on the relative abundance of each type and their bioactivity in the neighboring vasculature. Notably, pathophysiological conditions, such as obesity, hypertension, or diabetes, induce the imbalance of PVAT-derived vasoactive products that promote the infiltration of inflammatory cells. This then triggers derangements in vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cell dysfunction, resulting in the development of vascular diseases. In this review, we discuss the recent advances on the contribution of PVAT in CVDs. Specifically, we summarize the current proposed roles of PVAT in relationship with vascular contractility, endothelial dysfunction, neointimal formation, arterial stiffness, and aneurysm.
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31
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El Refaey M, Watkins CP, Kennedy EJ, Chang A, Zhong Q, Ding KH, Shi XM, Xu J, Bollag WB, Hill WD, Johnson M, Hunter M, Hamrick MW, Isales CM. Oxidation of the aromatic amino acids tryptophan and tyrosine disrupts their anabolic effects on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 410:87-96. [PMID: 25637715 PMCID: PMC4444384 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Age-induced bone loss is associated with greater bone resorption and decreased bone formation resulting in osteoporosis and osteoporosis-related fractures. The etiology of this age-induced bone loss is not clear but has been associated with increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from leaky mitochondria. ROS are known to oxidize/damage the surrounding proteins/amino acids/enzymes and thus impair their normal function. Among the amino acids, the aromatic amino acids are particularly prone to modification by oxidation. Since impaired osteoblastic differentiation from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) plays a role in age-related bone loss, we wished to examine whether oxidized amino acids (in particular the aromatic amino acids) modulated BMMSC function. Using mouse BMMSCs, we examined the effects of the oxidized amino acids di-tyrosine and kynurenine on proliferation, differentiation and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway. Our data demonstrate that amino acid oxides (in particular kynurenine) inhibited BMMSC proliferation, alkaline phosphatase expression and activity and the expression of osteogenic markers (Osteocalcin and Runx2). Taken together, our data are consistent with a potential pathogenic role for oxidized amino acids in age-induced bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona El Refaey
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Christopher P Watkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Eileen J Kennedy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Andrew Chang
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Qing Zhong
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Ke-Hong Ding
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Xing-ming Shi
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Jianrui Xu
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Wendy B Bollag
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - William D Hill
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Maribeth Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Monte Hunter
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States.
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Braga VAVN, Couto GK, Lazzarin MC, Rossoni LV, Medeiros A. Aerobic Exercise Training Prevents the Onset of Endothelial Dysfunction via Increased Nitric Oxide Bioavailability and Reduced Reactive Oxygen Species in an Experimental Model of Menopause. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125388. [PMID: 25923465 PMCID: PMC4414603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have shown that estrogen deficiency, arising in postmenopause, promotes endothelial dysfunction. This study evaluated the effects of aerobic exercise training on endothelial dependent vasodilation of aorta in ovariectomized rats, specifically investigating the role of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). METHODS Female Wistar rats ovariectomized (OVX - n=20) or with intact ovary (SHAM - n=20) remained sedentary (OVX and SHAM) or performed aerobic exercise training on a treadmill 5 times a week for a period of 8 weeks (OVX-TRA and SHAM-TRA). In the thoracic aorta the endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation was assessed by acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), respectively. Certain aortic rings were incubated with L-NAME to assess the NO modulation on the ACh-induced vasodilation. The fluorescence to dihydroethidium in aortic slices and plasma nitrite/nitrate concentrations were measured to evaluate ROS and NO bioavailability, respectively. RESULTS ACh-induced vasodilation was reduced in OVX rats as compared SHAM (Rmax: SHAM: 86±3.3 vs. OVX: 57±3.0%, p<0.01). Training prevented this response in OVX-TRA (Rmax: OVX-TRA: 88±2.0%, p<0.01), while did not change it in SHAM-TRA (Rmax: SHAM-TRA: 80±2.2%, p<0.01). The L-NAME incubation abolished the differences in ACh-induced relaxation among groups. SNP-induced vasodilation was not different among groups. OVX reduced nitrite/nitrate plasma concentrations and increased ROS in aortic slices, training as effective to restore these parameters to the SHAM levels. CONCLUSIONS Exercise training, even in estrogen deficiency conditions, is able to improve endothelial dependent vasodilation in rat aorta via enhanced NO bioavailability and reduced ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gisele K. Couto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana C. Lazzarin
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Santos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana V. Rossoni
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Medeiros
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Santos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Boydens C, Pauwels B, Van de Voorde J. Effect of resveratrol and orchidectomy on the vasorelaxing influence of perivascular adipose tissue. Heart Vessels 2015; 31:608-15. [PMID: 25822805 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-015-0664-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) releases several adipo(cyto)kines. Some are vasoactive substances that elicit a net beneficial anticontractile effect. Resveratrol and testosterone are known to modulate adipo(cyto)kine release from adipose tissue and could therefore influence the anticontractile effect of PVAT. In vitro tension measurements were performed using thoracic aorta segments with and without adipose tissue from sham-operated or orchidectomized male Swiss mice. Concentration-response curves to norepinephrine (NOR) were constructed in the presence and absence of resveratrol (10 μM, 15 min) or the relaxant effect of resveratrol (10-100 μM) was investigated after inducing tone with NOR (5 μM). Aortas with PVAT displayed significantly attenuated contractions to NOR compared with aortas without PVAT. In aortas without PVAT, resveratrol (10 μM) significantly decreased NOR responses and elicited concentration-dependent (10-100 µM) relaxations. However, in aortas with adherent PVAT, resveratrol (10 μM) neither decreased NOR responses, nor did resveratrol (10-100 µM) induce arterial relaxations. The anticontractile effect of PVAT was less pronounced in the presence of resveratrol and unaltered by orchidectomy. Orchidectomy did not influence contractions induced by NOR. Orchidectomy does not modulate the anticontractile capacity of PVAT, while resveratrol decreases the vasorelaxing influence of PVAT. The positive effects associated with resveratrol addition are neutralized by the presence of PVAT. This is thought to result from a dual effect of resveratrol: (1) inhibition of the influence of vasodilatory adipo(cyto)kines and (2) a direct relaxant effect on the vascular smooth muscle. Overall, the beneficial relaxing effect of resveratrol is lost in mice thoracic aorta surrounded by PVAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Boydens
- Department of Pharmacology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Pauwels
- Department of Pharmacology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Johan Van de Voorde
- Department of Pharmacology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Sivasinprasasn S, Sa-nguanmoo P, Pratchayasakul W, Kumfu S, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Obese-insulin resistance accelerates and aggravates cardiometabolic disorders and cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in estrogen-deprived female rats. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:28. [PMID: 25791519 PMCID: PMC4366429 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9766-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Women have a lower incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) than men at a similar age but have an increased incidence of CVD and metabolic syndrome after menopause, indicating the possible protective effects of estrogen on cardiometabolic function. Although obesity is known to increase CVD risks, its impact on the heart on estrogen deprivation is still inconclusive. We investigated the effects of obese-insulin resistance on cardiometabolic function in estrogen-deprived ovariectomized rats. Adult female ovariectomized (O) or sham (S)-operated rats randomly received either normal diet (ND, 19.77 % fat) or high-fat diet (HF, 57.60 % fat) (n = 6/group) for 12 weeks. The heart rate variability (HRV), left ventricular (LV) performance, cardiac autonomic balance, cardiac mitochondrial function, metabolic parameters, oxidative stress, and apoptotic markers were determined at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Insulin resistance developed at week 8 in NDO, HFS, and HFO rats as indicated by increased plasma insulin and HOMA index. However, only HFO rats had elevated plasma cholesterol level at week 8, whereas HFS rats had showed elevation at week 12. In addition, only HFO rats had depressed HRV, impaired LV performance indicated by decreased fractional shortening (%FS) and cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction indicated by increased mitochondrial ROS level, mitochondrial depolarization and swelling, as early as week 8, whereas other groups exhibited them at week 12. Either estrogen deprivation or obesity alone may impair metabolic parameters, cardiac autonomic balance, and LV and mitochondrial function. However, an obese insulin-resistant condition further accelerated and aggravated the development of these cardiometabolic impairments in estrogen-deprived rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaporn Sivasinprasasn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Piangkwan Sa-nguanmoo
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Wasana Pratchayasakul
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Sirinart Kumfu
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Siriporn C. Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
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Pearson T, McArdle A, Jackson MJ. Nitric oxide availability is increased in contracting skeletal muscle from aged mice, but does not differentially decrease muscle superoxide. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 78:82-8. [PMID: 25462644 PMCID: PMC4291149 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.10.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species have been implicated in the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function that occurs during aging. Nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide are generated by skeletal muscle and where these are generated in proximity their chemical reaction to form peroxynitrite can compete with the superoxide dismutation to hydrogen peroxide. Changes in NO availability may therefore theoretically modify superoxide and peroxynitrite activities in tissues, but published data are contradictory regarding aging effects on muscle NO availability. We hypothesised that an age-related increase in NO generation might increase peroxynitrite generation in muscles from old mice, leading to an increased nitration of muscle proteins and decreased superoxide availability. This was examined using fluorescent probes and an isolated fiber preparation to examine NO content and superoxide in the cytosol and mitochondria of muscle fibers from adult and old mice both at rest and following contractile activity. We also examined the 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) and peroxiredoxin 5 (Prx5) content of muscles from mice as markers of peroxynitrite activity. Data indicate that a substantial age-related increase in NO levels occurred in muscle fibers during contractile activity and this was associated with an increase in muscle eNOS. Muscle proteins from old mice also showed an increased 3-NT content. Inhibition of NOS indicated that NO decreased superoxide bioavailability in muscle mitochondria, although this effect was not age related. Thus increased NO in muscles of old mice was associated with an increased 3-NT content that may potentially contribute to age-related degenerative changes in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pearson
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal Biology Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GA, UK
| | - A McArdle
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal Biology Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GA, UK
| | - M J Jackson
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal Biology Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GA, UK.
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Haidara MA, Assiri AS, Youssef MA, Mahmoud MM, Ahmed M S E, Al-Hakami A, Chandramoorthy HC. Differentiated mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate cardiovascular complications in diabetic rats. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 359:565-575. [PMID: 25413785 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2034-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Haidara
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdullah S Assiri
- Center for Stem Cell Research, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Cardiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mary A Youssef
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal M Mahmoud
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eajaz Ahmed M S
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al-Hakami
- Center for Stem Cell Research, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harish C Chandramoorthy
- Center for Stem Cell Research, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf P. Brandes
- From the Fachbereich Medizin der Goethe-Universität, Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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