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Cui X, Zhou Z, Tu H, Wu J, Zhou J, Yi Q, Liu O, Dai X. Mitophagy in fibrotic diseases: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic applications. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1430230. [PMID: 39183973 PMCID: PMC11341310 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1430230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is a highly precise process of selective autophagy, primarily aimed at eliminating excess or damaged mitochondria to maintain the stability of both mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis. In recent years, with in-depth research into the association between mitophagy and fibrotic diseases, it has been discovered that this process may interact with crucial cellular biological processes such as oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, cellular dynamics regulation, and energy metabolism, thereby influencing the occurrence and progression of fibrotic diseases. Consequently, modulating mitophagy holds promise as a therapeutic approach for fibrosis. Currently, various methods have been identified to regulate mitophagy to prevent fibrosis, categorized into three types: natural drug therapy, biological therapy, and physical therapy. This review comprehensively summarizes the current understanding of the mechanisms of mitophagy, delves into its biological roles in fibrotic diseases, and introduces mitophagy modulators effective in fibrosis, aiming to provide new targets and theoretical basis for the investigation of fibrosis-related mechanisms and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Cui
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases, Oral Health and Academician Workstation for Oral-maxilofacial, Regenerative Medicine and Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zekun Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases, Oral Health and Academician Workstation for Oral-maxilofacial, Regenerative Medicine and Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hua Tu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases, Oral Health and Academician Workstation for Oral-maxilofacial, Regenerative Medicine and Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianjun Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases, Oral Health and Academician Workstation for Oral-maxilofacial, Regenerative Medicine and Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of VIP Dental Service, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao Yi
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases, Oral Health and Academician Workstation for Oral-maxilofacial, Regenerative Medicine and Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ousheng Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases, Oral Health and Academician Workstation for Oral-maxilofacial, Regenerative Medicine and Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaohan Dai
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases, Oral Health and Academician Workstation for Oral-maxilofacial, Regenerative Medicine and Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Yu W, Wang L, Ren WY, Xu HX, Wu NN, Yu DH, Reiter RJ, Zha WL, Guo QD, Ren J. SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin alleviates cardiac remodeling and contractile anomalies in a FUNDC1-dependent manner in experimental Parkinson's disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:87-97. [PMID: 37679644 PMCID: PMC10770167 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01144-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence shows a close link between Parkinson's disease (PD) and cardiac dysfunction with limited treatment options. Mitophagy plays a crucial role in the control of mitochondrial quantity, metabolic reprogramming and cell differentiation. Mutation of the mitophagy protein Parkin is directly associated with the onset of PD. Parkin-independent receptor-mediated mitophagy is also documented such as BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) and FUN14 domain containing 1 (FUNDC1) for receptor-mediated mitophagy. In this study we investigated cardiac function and mitophagy including FUNDC1 in PD patients and mouse models, and evaluated the therapeutic potential of a SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin. MPTP-induced PD model was established. PD patients and MPTP mice not only displayed pronounced motor defects, but also low plasma FUNDC1 levels, as well as cardiac ultrastructural and geometric anomalies (cardiac atrophy, interstitial fibrosis), functional anomalies (reduced E/A ratio, fractional shortening, ejection fraction, cardiomyocyte contraction) and mitochondrial injury (ultrastructural damage, UCP2, PGC1α, elevated mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake proteins MCU and VDAC1, and mitochondrial apoptotic protein calpain), dampened autophagy, FUNDC1 mitophagy and apoptosis. By Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), we found overtly altered glucose transmembrane transport in the midbrains of MPTP-treated mice. Intriguingly, administration of SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin (10 mg/kg, i.p., twice per week for 2 weeks) in MPTP-treated mice significantly ameliorated myocardial anomalies (with exception of VDAC1), but did not reconcile the motor defects or plasma FUNDC1. FUNDC1 global knockout (FUNDC1-/- mice) did not elicit any phenotype on cardiac geometry or function in the absence or presence of MPTP insult, but it nullified empagliflozin-caused cardioprotection against MPTP-induced cardiac anomalies including remodeling (atrophy and fibrosis), contractile dysfunction, Ca2+ homeostasis, mitochondrial (including MCU, mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, calpain, PARP1) and apoptotic anomalies. In neonatal and adult cardiomyocytes, treatment with PD neurotoxin preformed fibrils of α-synuclein (PFF) caused cytochrome c release and cardiomyocyte mechanical defects. These effects were mitigated by empagliflozin (10 μM) or MCU inhibitor Ru360 (10 μM). MCU activator kaempferol (10 μM) or calpain activator dibucaine (500 μM) nullified the empagliflozin-induced beneficial effects. These results suggest that empagliflozin protects against PD-induced cardiac anomalies, likely through FUNDC1-mediated regulation of mitochondrial integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine of South Hubei Province, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, the Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wei-Ying Ren
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hai-Xia Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Ne N Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dong-Hui Yu
- Xianning Central Hospital, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Wen-Liang Zha
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China.
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China.
| | - Qing-Dong Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Jun Ren
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Hong S, Zhu XY, Jiang Y, Zhang L, Tang H, Jordan KL, Saadiq IM, Huang W, Lerman A, Eirin A, Lerman LO. Autologous Extracellular Vesicles Attenuate Cardiac Injury in Experimental Atherosclerotic Renovascular Disease More Effectively Than Their Parent Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:700-712. [PMID: 36344721 PMCID: PMC10073252 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic renovascular disease (RVD) leads to hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and heart disease. Intrarenal delivery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) attenuate renal injury and suppress release of inflammatory cytokines in porcine RVD. We hypothesized that this strategy would also be useful for cardioprotection. Pigs with renovascular hypertension and metabolic syndrome were studied 4 weeks after treatment with a single intrarenal infusion of autologous MSCs, EVs, or vehicle. Cardiac structure and function were assessed in vivo, and myocardial remodeling and expression of the pro-fibrotic factor growth factor receptor-bound protein-2 (Grb2) were measured ex-vivo. Inflammatory cytokine levels were measured in the systemic circulation and myocardial tissue. Blood pressure was elevated in all RVD groups, but serum creatinine increased in RVD and decreased in both RVD + MSCs and RVD + EVs. RVD-induced diastolic dysfunction (lower E/A ratio) was normalized in both MSCs- and EVs- treated pigs. Intrarenal delivery of MSCs and EVs also attenuated RVD-induced myocardial fibrosis, collagen deposition, and Grb2 expression, yet EVs restored capillary density and inflammation more effectively than MSCs. These observations suggest that autologous EVs attenuate cardiac injury in experimental RVD more effectively than their parent MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siting Hong
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Yamei Jiang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Hui Tang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Kyra L Jordan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ishran M Saadiq
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Weijun Huang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Long-Term Impact of the Great Chinese Famine on the Risks of Specific Arrhythmias and Severe Hypertension in the Offspring at an Early Stage of Aging. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020163. [PMID: 36836398 PMCID: PMC9960876 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Perinatal malnutrition affects postnatal cardiovascular functions. This study used the Great Chinese Famine (GCF) to determine the long-term impact of perinatal undernutrition on hypertension and arrhythmias in older offspring. Subjects (n = 10,065) were divided into an exposed group whose fetal life was in the GCF and an unexposed group. The exposed group showed higher systolic/diastolic pressure, heart rate, and total cholesterol. Perinatal exposure to the GCF was a significant risk to Grade 2 and Grade 3 hypertension (OR = 1.724, 95%CI: 1.441-2.064, p < 0.001; OR = 1.480, 95%CI: 1.050-2.086, p < 0.05) compared to the control. The GCF also increased risks for myocardial ischemia (OR = 1.301, 95%CI: 1.135-1.490, p < 0.001), bradycardia (OR = 1.383, 95%CI: 1.154-1.657, p < 0.001), atrial fibrillation (OR = 1.931, 95%CI: 1.033-3.610, p < 0.05), and atrioventricular block (OR = 1.333, 95%CI: 1.034-1.719, p < 0.05). Total cholesterol, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome were associated with Grade 2 or Grade 3 hypertension after exposure to the GCF; high cholesterol, high BMI, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and elevated blood pressure were linked to certain types of arrhythmias in exposed offspring. The results first demonstrated perinatal undernutrition was a significant risk factor for the development of Grade 2-3 hypertension and certain arrhythmias in humans. Perinatal undernutrition still significantly impacted cardiovascular systems of the aged offspring even 50 years after the GCF. The results also provided information to a specific population with a history of prenatal undernutrition for early prevention against cardiovascular diseases before aging.
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Zhou N, Gong J, Liang X, Liu W, Li H, Li W. Preoperative Risk Prediction Score for and In-Hospital Clinical Outcomes of Reperfusion Ventricular Fibrillation After Release of Aortic Cross-Clamps: A Retrospective Study. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2023; 37:127-134. [PMID: 36331419 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2022.09.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Reperfusion ventricular fibrillation (VF) is a common arrhythmia after cardiac surgery. Predictors of reperfusion VF and its relationships with the adverse prognosis are still unclear. This study aimed to identify a risk score model to predict reperfusion VF and its effect on in-hospital outcomes. The authors enrolled 1,024 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac surgery, and a total of 823 patients were included in the study. A novel risk score model was developed following logistic regression analysis of the predictors of reperfusion VF. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to validate this model, and the effect of VF on prognosis was later identified in multivariate or Kaplan-Meier analyses. Risk factors for reperfusion VF occurrence included weight >55 kg, preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction <50%, prior stroke, hypertension, aortic valve replacement, HTK solution, and the use of ≥3 grafts in coronary artery bypass grafting. A novel risk score model was developed using the abovementioned variables, and points were assigned to each risk factor according to its odds ratio. A high score (>6) predicted greater than 65% of patients with VF occurrence. Reperfusion VF increased the risk of in-hospital cardiovascular death (p = 0.03) and renal replacement therapy postoperatively (p = 0.022). More attention should be given to reperfusion VF due to an adverse postoperative prognosis, and the developed risk score model may predict this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhou
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University: Department of Anesthesiology, Qingyuan people's Hospital, Qingyuan City, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Gong
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University: Department of Anesthesiology, Qingyuan people's Hospital, Qingyuan City, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - XiuSheng Liang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University: Department of Anesthesiology, Qingyuan people's Hospital, Qingyuan City, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Liu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University: Department of Anesthesiology, Qingyuan people's Hospital, Qingyuan City, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Li
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University: Department of Anesthesiology, Qingyuan people's Hospital, Qingyuan City, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weichao Li
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University: Department of Anesthesiology, Qingyuan people's Hospital, Qingyuan City, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Fang Q, Wang J, Wei J, Long X, Wang Y, He J, Yuan X, Du J. Transcriptomic profile analysis of the left atrium in spontaneously hypertensive rats in the early stage. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:989636. [PMID: 36324689 PMCID: PMC9620422 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.989636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Left atrial remodeling, characterized by enlargement and hypertrophy of the left atrium and increased fibrosis, was accompanied by an increased incidence of atrial fibrillation. While before morphological changes at the early stage of hypertension, how overloaded hypertension influences the transcriptomic profile of the left atrium remains unclear. Therefore, RNA-sequencing was performed to define the RNA expressing profiles of left atrium in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats as a control group. We also compared the changes in the RNA expression profiles in SHRs treated with an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) and angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) to assess the distinct effects on the left atrium. In total, 1,558 differentially expressed genes were found in the left atrium between WKY rats and SHRs. Bioinformatics analysis showed that these mRNAs could regulate upstream pathways in atrial remodeling through atrial fibrosis, inflammation, electrical remodeling, and cardiac metabolism. The regulated transcripts detected in the left atrial tissue in both the ARB-treated and ARNI-treated groups were related to metabolism. In contrast to the ARB-treated rates, the transcripts in ARNI-treated rats were mapped to the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-protein kinase G signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Fang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangjun Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianglin Long
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiacheng He
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianlin Du
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jianlin Du,
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Sabe SA, Feng J, Sellke FW, Abid MR. Mechanisms and clinical implications of endothelium-dependent vasomotor dysfunction in coronary microvasculature. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H819-H841. [PMID: 35333122 PMCID: PMC9018047 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00603.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Coronary microvascular disease (CMD), which affects the arterioles and capillary endothelium that regulate myocardial perfusion, is an increasingly recognized source of morbidity and mortality, particularly in the setting of metabolic syndrome. The coronary endothelium plays a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis, though factors such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity can contribute to endothelial injury and consequently arteriolar vasomotor dysfunction. These disturbances in the coronary microvasculature clinically manifest as diminished coronary flow reserve, which is a known independent risk factor for cardiac death, even in the absence of macrovascular atherosclerotic disease. Therefore, a growing body of literature has examined the molecular mechanisms by which coronary microvascular injury occurs at the level of the endothelium and the consequences on arteriolar vasomotor responses. This review will begin with an overview of normal coronary microvascular physiology, modalities of measuring coronary microvascular function, and clinical implications of CMD. These introductory topics will be followed by a discussion of recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms by which inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, shear stress, endothelial cell senescence, and tissue ischemia dysregulate coronary endothelial homeostasis and arteriolar vasomotor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif A Sabe
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jun Feng
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Frank W Sellke
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - M Ruhul Abid
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
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Yin Y, Shen H. Advances in Cardiotoxicity Induced by Altered Mitochondrial Dynamics and Mitophagy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:739095. [PMID: 34616789 PMCID: PMC8488107 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.739095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the most abundant organelles in cardiac cells, and are essential to maintain the normal cardiac function, which requires mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy to ensure the stability of mitochondrial quantity and quality. When mitochondria are affected by continuous injury factors, the balance between mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy is broken. Aging and damaged mitochondria cannot be completely removed in cardiac cells, resulting in energy supply disorder and accumulation of toxic substances in cardiac cells, resulting in cardiac damage and cardiotoxicity. This paper summarizes the specific underlying mechanisms by which various adverse factors interfere with mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy to produce cardiotoxicity and emphasizes the crucial role of oxidative stress in mitophagy. This review aims to provide fresh ideas for the prevention and treatment of cardiotoxicity induced by altered mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Yin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Pei Z, Liu Y, Liu S, Jin W, Luo Y, Sun M, Duan Y, Ajoolabady A, Sowers JR, Fang Y, Cao F, Xu H, Bi Y, Wang S, Ren J. FUNDC1 insufficiency sensitizes high fat diet intake-induced cardiac remodeling and contractile anomaly through ACSL4-mediated ferroptosis. Metabolism 2021; 122:154840. [PMID: 34331963 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ferroptosis is indicated in cardiovascular diseases. Given the prominent role of mitophagy in the governance of ferroptosis and our recent finding for FUN14 domain containing 1 (FUNDC1) in obesity anomalies, this study evaluated the impact of FUNDC1 deficiency in high fat diet (HFD)-induced cardiac anomalies. METHODS AND MATERIALS WT and FUNDC1-/- mice were fed HFD (45% calorie from fat) or low fat diet (LFD, 10% calorie from fat) for 10 weeks in the presence of the ferroptosis inhibitor liproxstatin-1 (LIP-1, 10 mg/kg, i.p.). RESULTS RNAseq analysis for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) reported gene ontology term related to ferroptosis and mitophagy in obese rat hearts, which was validated in obese rodent and human hearts. Although 10-week HFD intake did not alter global metabolism, cardiac geometry and function, ablation of FUNDC1 unmasked metabolic derangement, pronounced cardiac remodeling, contractile, intracellular Ca2+ and mitochondrial anomalies upon HFD challenge, the effects of which with exception of global metabolism were attenuated or mitigated by LIP-1. FUNDC1 ablation unmasked HFD-evoked rises in fatty acid synthase ACSL4, necroptosis, inflammation, ferroptosis, mitochondrial O2- production, and mitochondrial injury as well as dampened autophagy and DNA repair enzyme 8-oxoG DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) but not apoptosis, the effect of which except ACSL4 and its regulator SP1 was reversed by LIP-1. In vitro data noted that arachidonic acid, an ACSL4 substrate, provoked cytochrome C release, cardiomyocyte defect, and lipid peroxidation under FUNDC1 deficiency, the effects were interrupted by inhibitors of SP1, ACSL4 and ferroptosis. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that FUNDC1 deficiency sensitized cardiac remodeling and dysfunction with short-term HFD exposure, likely through ACSL4-mediated regulation of ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Pei
- The Second Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang 200072, China.
| | - Yandong Liu
- The Second Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang 200072, China
| | - Suqin Liu
- The Second Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang 200072, China; Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Wei Jin
- The Second Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang 200072, China
| | - Yuanfei Luo
- The Second Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang 200072, China
| | - Mingming Sun
- University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu Duan
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, the Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Amir Ajoolabady
- University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Yan Fang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Medical Center of the China PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Medical Center of the China PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Haixia Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yaguang Bi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; Shanghai University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200044, China.
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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10
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Dual Role of Mitophagy in Cardiovascular Diseases. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:e30-e39. [PMID: 34232224 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Mitophagy is involved in the development of various cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, heart failure, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, and hypertension. Mitophagy is essential for maintaining intracellular homeostasis and physiological function in most cardiovascular origin cells, such as cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. Mitophagy is crucial to ensuring energy supply by selectively removing dysfunctional mitochondria, maintaining a balance in the number of mitochondria in cells, ensuring the integrity of mitochondrial structure and function, maintaining homeostasis, and promoting cell survival. Substantial research has indicated a "dual" effect of mitophagy on cardiac function, with inadequate and increased mitochondrial degradation both likely to influence the progression of cardiovascular disease. This review summarizes the main regulatory pathways of mitophagy and emphasizes that an appropriate amount of mitophagy can prevent endothelial cell injury, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, macrophage polarization, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, avoiding further progression of cardiovascular diseases.
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Yu S, Jiang K, Zhu XY, Ferguson CM, Krier JD, Lerman A, Lerman LO. Endovascular reversal of renovascular hypertension blunts cardiac dysfunction and deformation in swine. J Hypertens 2021; 39:556-562. [PMID: 33399301 PMCID: PMC8400925 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Renovascular hypertension (RVH) induces hemodynamic and humoral aberrations that may impair cardiac function, structure and mechanics, including cardiac twist and deformation. Revascularization of a stenotic renal artery can decrease blood pressure (BP), but its ability to restore cardiac mechanics in RVH remains unclear. We hypothesized that percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) would improve cardiac function and left ventricular (LV) deformation in swine RVH. METHODS Seventeen domestic pigs were studied for 16 weeks: RVH, RVH + PTRA and normal controls (n = 5-6 each). Global LV function was estimated by multidetector computed-tomography, and LV deformation by electrocardiographically triggered MRI tagging at the apical, mid, and basal LV levels. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, myocardial capillary density, and fibrosis were evaluated ex vivo. RESULTS BP and wall thickness were elevated in RVH and decreased by PTRA, yet remained higher than in controls. LV myocardial muscle mass increased in RVH pigs, which also developed diastolic dysfunction, whereas cardiac output increased. Furthermore, both apical rotation and peak torsion angle increased in RVH compared with controls. Ex vivo, RVH induced myocardial fibrosis and vascular rarefaction. PTRA restored cardiac function and alleviated hypertrophy, vascular rarefaction, and fibrosis. PTRA also normalized apical rotation and peak torsion angle, and elevated basal peak radial strain and apical peak radial strain compared with RVH. CONCLUSION In addition to cardiac LV adaptive hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, short-term RVH causes cardiac deformation. Despite only partial improvement in BP, PTRA effectively restored cardiac function and reversed abnormal mechanics. Hence, renal revascularization may be a useful strategy to preserve cardiac function in RVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Yu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Xiang Y. Zhu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - James D. Krier
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lilach O. Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Miranda-Silva D, Lima T, Rodrigues P, Leite-Moreira A, Falcão-Pires I. Mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the tip of the iceberg. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 26:453-478. [PMID: 33411091 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-020-10042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a multifaceted syndrome with a complex aetiology often associated with several comorbidities, such as left ventricle pressure overload, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and kidney disease. Its pathophysiology remains obscure mainly due to the complex phenotype induced by all these associated comorbidities and to the scarcity of animal models that adequately mimic HFpEF. Increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction are currently accepted as key players in HFpEF pathophysiology. However, we have just started to unveil HFpEF complexity and the role of calcium handling, energetic metabolism, and mitochondrial function remain to clarify. Indeed, the enlightenment of such cellular and molecular mechanisms represents an opportunity to develop novel therapeutic approaches and thus to improve HFpEF treatment options. In the last decades, the number of research groups dedicated to studying HFpEF has increased, denoting the importance and the magnitude achieved by this syndrome. In the current technological and web world, the amount of information is overwhelming, driving us not only to compile the most relevant information about the theme but also to explore beyond the tip of the iceberg. Thus, this review aims to encompass the most recent knowledge related to HFpEF or HFpEF-associated comorbidities, focusing mainly on myocardial metabolism, oxidative stress, and energetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Miranda-Silva
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Tânia Lima
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Rodrigues
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Falcão-Pires
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Schreckenberger ZJ, Wenceslau CF, Joe B, McCarthy CG. Mitophagy in Hypertension-Associated Premature Vascular Aging. Am J Hypertens 2020; 33:804-812. [PMID: 32533696 PMCID: PMC7481986 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension has been described as a condition of premature vascular aging, relative to actual chronological age. In fact, many factors that contribute to the deterioration of vascular function as we age are accelerated and exacerbated in hypertension. Nonetheless, the precise mechanisms that underlie the aged phenotype of arteries from hypertensive patients and animals remain elusive. Classically, the aged phenotype is the buildup of cellular debris and dysfunctional organelles. One means by which this can occur is insufficient degradation and cellular recycling. Mitophagy is the selective catabolism of damaged mitochondria. Mitochondria are organelles that contribute importantly to the determination of cellular age via their production of reactive oxygen species (ROS; Harman's free radical theory of aging). Therefore, the accumulation of dysfunctional and ROS-producing mitochondria could contribute to the acceleration of vascular age in hypertension. This review will address and critically evaluate the current literature on mitophagy in vascular physiology and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Schreckenberger
- Center for Hypertension & Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Camilla F Wenceslau
- Center for Hypertension & Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Bina Joe
- Center for Hypertension & Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Cameron G McCarthy
- Center for Hypertension & Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
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Ren J, Sun M, Zhou H, Ajoolabady A, Zhou Y, Tao J, Sowers JR, Zhang Y. FUNDC1 interacts with FBXL2 to govern mitochondrial integrity and cardiac function through an IP3R3-dependent manner in obesity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/38/eabc8561. [PMID: 32938669 PMCID: PMC7494344 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc8561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Defective mitophagy is causally linked to obesity complications. Here, we identified an interaction between mitophagy protein FUNDC1 (FUN14 domain containing 1) and receptor subunit of human SCF (SKP1/cullin/F-box protein) ubiquitin ligase complex FBXL2 as a gatekeeper for mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis through degradation of IP3R3 (inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3). Loss of FUNDC1 in FUNDC1-/- mice accentuated high-fat diet-induced cardiac remodeling, functional and mitochondrial anomalies, cell death, rise in IP3R3, and Ca2+ overload. Mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation analyses revealed an interaction between FUNDC1 and FBXL2. Truncated mutants of Fbox (Delta-F-box) disengaged FBXL2 interaction with FUNDC1. Activation or transfection of FBXL2, inhibition of IP3R3 alleviated, whereas disruption of FBXL2 localization sensitized lipotoxicity-induced cardiac damage. FUNDC1 deficiency accelerated and decelerated palmitic acid-induced degradation of FBXL2 and IP3R3, respectively. Our data suggest an essential role for interaction between FUNDC1 and FBXL2 in preserving mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis and cardiac function in obese hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington Seattle, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mingming Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Hao Zhou
- University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Amir Ajoolabady
- University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5185715179, Iran
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Tao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - James R Sowers
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Laparoscopic-based perivascular renal sympathetic nerve denervation: a feasibility study in a porcine model. Eur J Med Res 2020; 25:22. [PMID: 32552871 PMCID: PMC7301974 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-020-00422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to evaluate the effects and safety of laparoscopic-based perivascular renal sympathetic nerve denervation (RDN) in a porcine model fed a high-fat diet. Method Thirty-six high-fat diet-fed Bama minipigs were randomly divided into an RDN group (n = 18), in which minipigs received laparoscopic-based perivascular RDN, and a sham group (n = 18). All pigs were fed the high-fat diet after the operation to establish a model of obesity-induced hypertension. Bama pigs in the RDN and sham groups were killed at 3 time points [2 days after RDN (n = 6), day 90 (n = 6) and day 180 (n = 6)]. Result The systolic blood pressure (SBP) and noradrenaline (NE) concentration in the kidney tissue were significantly lower in the RDN group than in the sham group at 2 days (113.83 ± 3.26 mmHg vs 129.67 ± 3.32 mmHg, P = 0.011, and 112.02 ± 17.34 ng/g vs 268.48 ± 20.61 ng/g, P < 0.001, respectively), 90 days (116.83 ± 3.88 mmHg vs 145.00 ± 4.22 mmHg, P = 0.001, respectively) and 180 days (129.33 ± 2.87 mmHg vs 168.57 ± 2.86 mmHg, P < 0.001, and 152.15 ± 16.61 ng/g vs 318.97 ± 24.84 ng/g, P < 0.001, respectively) after the operation. The diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was significantly lower in the RDN group than in sham group at 90 and 180 days after the operation (72.17 ± 2.7 mmHg vs 81.50 ± 2.22 mmHg, P = 0.037, and 76.83 ± 2.75 mmHg vs 86.33 ± 2.22 mmHg P = 0.021, respectively). Based on the pathological evaluation, the renal sympathetic nerve fascicles were successfully disrupted by radiofrequency energy after laparoscopic-based perivascular RDN, but the intima was intact. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression was decreased, while the expression of the S100 protein was increased in treated renal arteries after RDN. Conclusions Laparoscopic-based perivascular RDN prevented the occurrence and development of hypertension, and thus it may be an efficient and safe method for controlling blood pressure in an experimental model.
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Conley SM, Hickson LJ, Kellogg TA, McKenzie T, Heimbach JK, Taner T, Tang H, Jordan KL, Saadiq IM, Woollard JR, Isik B, Afarideh M, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL, Lerman LO. Human Obesity Induces Dysfunction and Early Senescence in Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:197. [PMID: 32274385 PMCID: PMC7113401 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammatory conditions like obesity may adversely impact the biological functions underlying the regenerative potential of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC). Obesity can impair MSC function by inducing cellular senescence, a growth-arrest program that transitions cells to a pro-inflammatory state. However, the effect of obesity on adipose tissue-derived MSC in human subjects remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that obesity induces senescence and dysfunction in human MSC. METHODS MSC were harvested from abdominal subcutaneous fat collected from obese and age-matched non-obese subjects (n = 40) during bariatric or kidney donation surgeries, respectively. MSC were characterized, their migration and proliferation assessed, and cellular senescence evaluated by gene expression of cell-cycle arrest and senescence-associated secretory phenotype markers. In vitro studies tested MSC effect on injured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) function. RESULTS Mean age was 59 ± 8 years, 66% were females. Obese subjects had higher body-mass index (BMI) than non-obese. MSC from obese subjects exhibited lower proliferative capacities than non-obese-MSC, suggesting decreased function, whereas their migration remained unchanged. Senescent cell burden and phenotype, manifested as p16, p53, IL-6, and MCP-1 gene expression, were significantly upregulated in obese subjects' MSC. BMI correlated directly with expression of p16, p21, and IL-6. Furthermore, co-incubation with non-obese, but not with obese-MSC, restored VEGF expression and tube formation that were blunted in injured HUVEC. CONCLUSION Human obesity triggers an early senescence program in adipose tissue-derived MSC. Thus, obesity-induced cellular injury may alter efficacy of this endogenous repair system and hamper the feasibility of autologous transplantation in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabena M. Conley
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - LaTonya J. Hickson
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Todd A. Kellogg
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Travis McKenzie
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Timucin Taner
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Hui Tang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Kyra L. Jordan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ishran M. Saadiq
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - John R. Woollard
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Busra Isik
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Mohsen Afarideh
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Tamar Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - James L. Kirkland
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Lilach O. Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Morciano G, Patergnani S, Bonora M, Pedriali G, Tarocco A, Bouhamida E, Marchi S, Ancora G, Anania G, Wieckowski MR, Giorgi C, Pinton P. Mitophagy in Cardiovascular Diseases. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030892. [PMID: 32214047 PMCID: PMC7141512 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death. Increasing evidence has shown that pharmacological or genetic targeting of mitochondria can ameliorate each stage of these pathologies, which are strongly associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Removal of inefficient and dysfunctional mitochondria through the process of mitophagy has been reported to be essential for meeting the energetic requirements and maintaining the biochemical homeostasis of cells. This process is useful for counteracting the negative phenotypic changes that occur during cardiovascular diseases, and understanding the molecular players involved might be crucial for the development of potential therapies. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on mitophagy (and autophagy) mechanisms in the context of heart disease with an important focus on atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathies, heart failure, hypertension, arrhythmia, congenital heart disease and peripheral vascular disease. We aim to provide a complete background on the mechanisms of action of this mitochondrial quality control process in cardiology and in cardiac surgery by also reviewing studies on the use of known compounds able to modulate mitophagy for cardioprotective purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Morciano
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Via Corriera 1, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy; (G.M.); (S.P.); (G.P.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.B.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Via Corriera 1, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy; (G.M.); (S.P.); (G.P.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.B.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.B.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Gaia Pedriali
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Via Corriera 1, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy; (G.M.); (S.P.); (G.P.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.B.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Anna Tarocco
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.B.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (C.G.)
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital S. Anna Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Esmaa Bouhamida
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.B.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Gina Ancora
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Infermi Hospital Rimini, 47923 Rimini, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Anania
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of General and Thoracic Surgery, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Mariusz R. Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.B.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Via Corriera 1, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy; (G.M.); (S.P.); (G.P.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.B.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Mouton AJ, Li X, Hall ME, Hall JE. Obesity, Hypertension, and Cardiac Dysfunction: Novel Roles of Immunometabolism in Macrophage Activation and Inflammation. Circ Res 2020; 126:789-806. [PMID: 32163341 PMCID: PMC7255054 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.312321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and hypertension, which often coexist, are major risk factors for heart failure and are characterized by chronic, low-grade inflammation, which promotes adverse cardiac remodeling. While macrophages play a key role in cardiac remodeling, dysregulation of macrophage polarization between the proinflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes promotes excessive inflammation and cardiac injury. Metabolic shifting between glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation has been implicated in macrophage polarization. M1 macrophages primarily rely on glycolysis, whereas M2 macrophages rely on the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation; thus, factors that affect macrophage metabolism may disrupt M1/M2 homeostasis and exacerbate inflammation. The mechanisms by which obesity and hypertension may synergistically induce macrophage metabolic dysfunction, particularly during cardiac remodeling, are not fully understood. We propose that obesity and hypertension induce M1 macrophage polarization via mechanisms that directly target macrophage metabolism, including changes in circulating glucose and fatty acid substrates, lipotoxicity, and tissue hypoxia. We discuss canonical and novel proinflammatory roles of macrophages during obesity-hypertension-induced cardiac injury, including diastolic dysfunction and impaired calcium handling. Finally, we discuss the current status of potential therapies to target macrophage metabolism during heart failure, including antidiabetic therapies, anti-inflammatory therapies, and novel immunometabolic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J. Mouton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street; Jackson, MS, 39216-4505
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street; Jackson, MS, 39216-4505
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street; Jackson, MS, 39216-4505
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street; Jackson, MS, 39216-4505
| | - Michael E. Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street; Jackson, MS, 39216-4505
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street; Jackson, MS, 39216-4505
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street; Jackson, MS, 39216-4505
| | - John E. Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street; Jackson, MS, 39216-4505
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street; Jackson, MS, 39216-4505
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Sorop O, van de Wouw J, Chandler S, Ohanyan V, Tune JD, Chilian WM, Merkus D, Bender SB, Duncker DJ. Experimental animal models of coronary microvascular dysfunction. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:756-770. [PMID: 31926020 PMCID: PMC7061277 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is commonly present in patients with metabolic derangements and is increasingly recognized as an important contributor to myocardial ischaemia, both in the presence and absence of epicardial coronary atherosclerosis. The latter condition is termed 'ischaemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease' (INOCA). Notwithstanding the high prevalence of INOCA, effective treatment remains elusive. Although to date there is no animal model for INOCA, animal models of CMD, one of the hallmarks of INOCA, offer excellent test models for enhancing our understanding of the pathophysiology of CMD and for investigating novel therapies. This article presents an overview of currently available experimental models of CMD-with an emphasis on metabolic derangements as risk factors-in dogs, swine, rabbits, rats, and mice. In all available animal models, metabolic derangements are most often induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and/or diabetes mellitus via injection of alloxan or streptozotocin, but there is also a wide variety of spontaneous as well as transgenic animal models which develop metabolic derangements. Depending on the number, severity, and duration of exposure to risk factors-all these animal models show perturbations in coronary microvascular (endothelial) function and structure, similar to what has been observed in patients with INOCA and comorbid conditions. The use of these animal models will be instrumental in identifying novel therapeutic targets and for the subsequent development and testing of novel therapeutic interventions to combat ischaemic heart disease, the number one cause of death worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Sorop
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jens van de Wouw
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Selena Chandler
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Vahagn Ohanyan
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Johnathan D Tune
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - William M Chilian
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Daphne Merkus
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 27, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Shawn B Bender
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Dirk J Duncker
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Chen CY, Li SJ, Wang CY, Mersmann HJ, Ding ST. The impact of DRP1 on myocardial fibrosis in the obese minipig. Eur J Clin Invest 2020; 50:e13204. [PMID: 31990365 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heart is a highly oxidative tissue, thus mitochondria play a major role in maintaining optimal cardiac function. Our previous study established a dietary-induced obese minipig with cardiac fibrosis. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of mitochondrial dynamics in cardiac fibrosis of obese minipigs. DESIGN Four-month-old Lee-Sung minipigs were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (C) and an obese group (O) by feeding a control diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 months. Exposure of H9c2 cardiomyoblasts to palmitate was used to explore the effects of high-fat on induction of myocardial injury in vitro. RESULTS The O pigs displayed greater heart weight and cardiac collagen accumulation. Obese pigs exhibited a lower antioxidant capacity, ATP concentration, and higher oxidative stress in the left ventricle (LV). The HFD caused downregulation in protein expression of PGC-1α and OPA1, and upregulation of DRP1, FIS1, and PINK1 in the LV of O compared to C pigs. Furthermore, palmitate induced apoptosis and decreased ATP content in H9c2 cells. Palmitate elevated the protein expression of DRP1 and PINK1 in these cells. Inhibition of DRP1 protein expression by siDRP1 in H9c2 cells resulted in enhanced ATP and decreased palmitate-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that mitochondrial dynamics were linked to the progression of obesity-related cardiac injury. Inhibition of DRP1 after palmitate exposure in H9c2 cells resulted in improved ATP level and decreased apoptosis in vitro suggesting that mitochondrial fission serves a key role in progression of obesity-induced cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yi Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Jin Li
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Wang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Harry J Mersmann
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Torng Ding
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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21
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Lerman LO, Kurtz TW, Touyz RM, Ellison DH, Chade AR, Crowley SD, Mattson DL, Mullins JJ, Osborn J, Eirin A, Reckelhoff JF, Iadecola C, Coffman TM. Animal Models of Hypertension: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Hypertension 2019; 73:e87-e120. [PMID: 30866654 DOI: 10.1161/hyp.0000000000000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is the most common chronic disease in the world, yet the precise cause of elevated blood pressure often cannot be determined. Animal models have been useful for unraveling the pathogenesis of hypertension and for testing novel therapeutic strategies. The utility of animal models for improving the understanding of the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of hypertension and its comorbidities depends on their validity for representing human forms of hypertension, including responses to therapy, and on the quality of studies in those models (such as reproducibility and experimental design). Important unmet needs in this field include the development of models that mimic the discrete hypertensive syndromes that now populate the clinic, resolution of ongoing controversies in the pathogenesis of hypertension, and the development of new avenues for preventing and treating hypertension and its complications. Animal models may indeed be useful for addressing these unmet needs.
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Morales PE, Arias-Durán C, Ávalos-Guajardo Y, Aedo G, Verdejo HE, Parra V, Lavandero S. Emerging role of mitophagy in cardiovascular physiology and pathology. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 71:100822. [PMID: 31587811 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Healthy mitochondrial function is imperative for most tissues, but especially those with a high energy demand. Robust evidence linking mitochondrial dysfunction with cardiovascular disease has demonstrated that mitochondrial activity is highly relevant to cardiac muscle performance. Mitochondrial homeostasis is maintained through coordination among the processes that comprise the so-called mitochondrial dynamics machinery. The most-studied elements of cardiac mitochondrial dynamics are mitochondrial fission and fusion, biogenesis and degradation. Selective autophagic removal of mitochondria (mitophagy) is essential for clearing away defective mitochondria but can lead to cell damage and death if not tightly controlled. In cardiovascular cells such as cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts, mitophagy is involved in metabolic activity, cell differentiation, apoptosis and other physiological processes related to major phenotypic changes. Modulation of mitophagy has detrimental and/or beneficial outcomes in various cardiovascular diseases, suggesting that a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial degradation in the heart could provide valuable clinical insights. Here, we discuss current evidence supporting the role of mitophagy in cardiac pathophysiology, with an emphasis on different research models and their interpretations; basic concepts related to this selective autophagy; and the most commonly used experimental approaches for studying this mechanism. Finally, we provide a comprehensive literature analysis on the role of mitophagy in heart failure, ischemia/reperfusion, diabetic cardiomyopathy and other cardiovascular diseases, as well as its potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo E Morales
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carla Arias-Durán
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yáreni Ávalos-Guajardo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Geraldine Aedo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo E Verdejo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Parra
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Network for the Study of High-lethality Cardiopulmonary Diseases (REECPAL), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Corporación Centro de Estudios Científicos de las Enfermedades Crónicas (CECEC), Santiago, Chile; Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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23
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Eirin A, Herrmann SM, Saad A, Abumoawad A, Tang H, Lerman A, Textor SC, Lerman LO. Urinary mitochondrial DNA copy number identifies renal mitochondrial injury in renovascular hypertensive patients undergoing renal revascularization: A Pilot Study. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 226:e13267. [PMID: 30803138 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Patients with renovascular hypertension (RVH) exhibit elevated urinary mtDNA copy numbers, considered to constitute surrogate markers of renal mitochondrial injury. The modest success of percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) in restoring renal function in RVH has been postulated to be partly attributable to acute reperfusion injury. We hypothesized that mitoprotection during revascularization would ameliorate PTRA-induced renal mitochondrial injury, reflected in elevated urinary mtDNA copy numbers and improve blood pressure and functional outcomes 3 months later. METHODS We prospectively measured urinary copy number of the mtDNA genes COX3 and ND1 using qPCR in RVH patients before and 24 hrs after PTRA, performed during IV infusion of vehicle (n = 8) or the mitoprotective drug elamipretide (ELAM, 0.05 mg/kg/h, n = 6). Five healthy volunteers (HV) served as controls. Urinary mtDNA levels were also assessed in RVH and normal pigs (n = 7 each), in which renal mitochondrial structure and density were studied ex-vivo. RESULTS Baseline urinary mtDNA levels were elevated in all RVH patients vs HV and directly correlated with serum creatinine levels. An increase in urinary mtDNA 24 hours after PTRA was blunted in PTRA+ELAM vs PTRA+Placebo. Furthermore, 3-months after PTRA, systolic blood pressure decreased and estimated glomerular filtration rate increased only in ELAM-treated subjects. In RVH pigs, mitochondrial damage was observed using electron microscopy in tubular cells and elevated urinary mtDNA levels correlated inversely with renal mitochondrial density. CONCLUSIONS PTRA leads to an acute rise in urinary mtDNA, reflecting renal mitochondrial injury that in turn inhibits renal recovery. Mitoprotection might minimize PTRA-associated mitochondrial injury and improve renal outcomes after revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Eirin
- Department of Internal Medicine Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | - S. M. Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | - A. Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | - A. Abumoawad
- Department of Internal Medicine Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | - H. Tang
- Department of Internal Medicine Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | - A. Lerman
- Cardiovascular Diseases Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | - S. C. Textor
- Department of Internal Medicine Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | - L. O. Lerman
- Department of Internal Medicine Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
- Cardiovascular Diseases Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E. Sharp
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, LSU Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - David J. Lefer
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, LSU Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Steven R. Houser
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Pennsylvania
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25
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Kim SR, Eirin A, Zhang X, Lerman A, Lerman LO. Mitochondrial Protection Partly Mitigates Kidney Cellular Senescence in Swine Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis. Cell Physiol Biochem 2019; 52:617-632. [PMID: 30907989 DOI: 10.33594/000000044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) may cause kidney injury and mitochondrial dysfunction, which is linked to cellular senescence. Elamipretide, a mitochondria-targeted peptide, improves renal function in ARAS, but whether it alleviates senescence is unknown. We hypothesized that elamipretide would reduce senescence stenotic kidney (STK) in ARAS. METHODS Domestic pigs were randomized to control and unilateral ARAS untreated or treated with subcutaneous elamipretide (5d/wk) for 4 weeks starting after 6 weeks of ARAS or sham (n=6 each). After completion of treatment, STK renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were assessed in-vivo using multi-detector computed-tomography. Renal fibrosis and oxidative stress were analyzed in trichrome- and dihydroethidium-stained slides, respectively. Mitochondrial markers involved in the electrontransport chain (COX4, ATP/ADP ratio), biogenesis (PGC1α, PPARα), dynamics (MFN2, DRP1), and mitophagy (parkin, p62) were measured in the kidney using ELISA, western-blot, and immunohistochemistry. Cellular senescence (senescence-associated β-galactosidase and heterochromatin foci, phosphorylated-H2AX, and p16/21/53) and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP; PAI-1, MCP-1, TGFβ, and TNFα) markers were studied by microscopy, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and western-blot. RESULTS Blood pressure was elevated whereas STK-RBF and GFR were decreased in ARAS pigs, and tissue scarring was increased. ARAS induced STK cellular senescence and accumulated dysfunctional mitochondria, which were associated with cardiolipin loss, upregulated mitochondrial biogenesis, and defective mitophagy. Elamipretide normalized STK-RBF and GFR, alleviated fibrosis and oxidative stress, and restored mitochondrial cardiolipin, biogenesis, and mitophagy in ARAS, but did not change SASP markers, and attenuated only senescenceassociated β-galactosidase activity and p53 gene expression. CONCLUSION Mitochondrial protection improved renal function and fibrosis in the ARAS STK, but only partly mitigated cellular senescence. This finding suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction may not be a major determinant of cellular senescence in the early stage of ARAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Rin Kim
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - Amir Lerman
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA.,Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA,
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26
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Chade AR, Williams ML, Engel J, Guise E, Harvey TW. A translational model of chronic kidney disease in swine. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F364-F373. [PMID: 29693449 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00063.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are critical for understanding its pathophysiology and for therapeutic development. The cardiovascular and renal anatomy and physiology of the pig are virtually identical to humans. This study aimed to develop a novel translational model of CKD that mimics the pathological features of CKD in humans. CKD was induced in seven domestic pigs by bilateral renal artery stenosis and diet-induced dyslipidemia. Animals were observed for a total of 14 wk. Renal hemodynamics and function were quantified in vivo using multi-detector CT after 6, 10, and 14 wk of CKD. Urine and blood were collected at each time-point, and blood pressure was continuously measured (telemetry). After completion of in vivo studies, pigs were euthanized, kidneys were removed, and microvascular (MV) architecture (μCT), markers of renal injury, inflammation, and fibrosis were evaluated ex vivo. Additional pigs were used as controls ( n = 7). Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration were reduced by 50% in CKD, accompanied by hypertension and elevated plasma creatinine, albumin-to-creatinine ratio and increased urinary KIM-1 and NGAL, suggesting renal injury. Furthermore, 14 wk of CKD resulted in cortical and medullary MV remodeling and loss, inflammation, glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, and tubule-interstitial fibrosis compared with controls. The current study characterizes a novel model of CKD that mimics several of the pathological features observed in human CKD, irrespective of the etiology. Current approaches only slow rather than halt CKD progression, and this novel model may offer a suitable platform for the development of new treatments in a translational fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro R Chade
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi.,Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi.,Department of Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Maxx L Williams
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jason Engel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Erika Guise
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Taylor W Harvey
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
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27
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Yuan F, Guo L, Park KH, Woollard JR, Taek-Geun K, Jiang K, Melkamu T, Zang B, Smith SL, Fahrenkrug SC, Kolodgie FD, Lerman A, Virmani R, Lerman LO, Carlson DF. Ossabaw Pigs With a PCSK9 Gain-of-Function Mutation Develop Accelerated Coronary Atherosclerotic Lesions: A Novel Model for Preclinical Studies. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e006207. [PMID: 29572319 PMCID: PMC5907533 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ossabaw pigs are unique miniature swine with genetic predisposition to develop metabolic syndrome and coronary atherosclerosis after extended periods receiving atherogenic diets. We have hypothesized that transgenic Ossabaw swine expressing chimp PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin-like/kexin type 9) containing the D374Y gain of function would develop familial hypercholesterolemia and coronary artery plaques more rapidly than Landrace swine with the same transgene. METHODS AND RESULTS Ossabaw and Landrace PCSK9 gain-of-function founders were generated by Sleeping Beauty transposition and cloning. Histopathologic findings in the Ossabaw founder animal showed more advanced plaques and higher stenosis than in the Landrace founder, underscoring the Ossabaw genetic predisposition to atherosclerosis. We chose to further characterize the Ossabaw PCSK9 gain-of-function animals receiving standard or atherogenic diets in a 6-month longitudinal study using computed tomography, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, intravascular ultrasound, and optical coherence tomography, followed by pathological analysis of atherosclerosis focused on the coronary arteries. The Ossabaw model was consistently hypercholesterolemic, with or without dietary challenge, and by 6 months had consistent and diffuse fibrofatty or fibroatheromatous plaques with necrosis, overlying fibrous caps, and calcification in up to 10% of coronary plaques. CONCLUSIONS The Ossabaw PCSK9 gain-of-function model provides consistent and robust disease development in a time frame that is practical for use in preclinical therapeutic evaluation to drive innovation. Although no animal model perfectly mimics the human condition, this genetic large-animal model is a novel tool for testing therapeutic interventions in the context of developing and advanced coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liang Guo
- CVPath Institute Inc, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Kyoung-Ha Park
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Hallym University Medical Center, Anyang, Korea
| | - John R Woollard
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Kwon Taek-Geun
- Heart Center, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kai Jiang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Bin Zang
- Program of Scientific Computation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | | | | | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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28
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Schipke J, Brandenberger C, Rajces A, Manninger M, Alogna A, Post H, Mühlfeld C. Assessment of cardiac fibrosis: a morphometric method comparison for collagen quantification. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 122:1019-1030. [PMID: 28126909 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00987.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic remodeling of the heart is a frequent condition linked to various diseases and cardiac dysfunction. Collagen quantification is an important objective in cardiac fibrosis research; however, a variety of different histological methods are currently used that may differ in accuracy. Here, frequently applied collagen quantification techniques were compared. A porcine model of early stage heart failure with preserved ejection fraction was used as an example. Semiautomated threshold analyses were imprecise, mainly due to inclusion of noncollagen structures or failure to detect certain collagen deposits. In contrast, collagen assessment by automated image analysis and light microscopy (LM)-stereology was more sensitive. Depending on the quantification method, the amount of estimated collagen varied and influenced intergroup comparisons. PicroSirius Red, Masson's trichrome, and Azan staining protocols yielded similar results, whereas the measured collagen area increased with increasing section thickness. Whereas none of the LM-based methods showed significant differences between the groups, electron microscopy (EM)-stereology revealed a significant collagen increase between cardiomyocytes in the experimental group, but not at other localizations. In conclusion, in contrast to the staining protocol, section thickness and the quantification method being used directly influence the estimated collagen content and thus, possibly, intergroup comparisons. EM in combination with stereology is a precise and sensitive method for collagen quantification if certain prerequisites are considered. For subtle fibrotic alterations, consideration of collagen localization may be necessary. Among LM methods, LM-stereology and automated image analysis are appropriate to quantify fibrotic changes, the latter depending on careful control of algorithm and comparable section staining.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Direct comparison of frequently applied histological fibrosis assessment techniques revealed a distinct relation of measured collagen and utilized quantification method as well as section thickness. Besides electron microscopy-stereology, which was precise and sensitive, light microscopy-stereology and automated image analysis proved to be appropriate for collagen quantification. Moreover, consideration of collagen localization might be important in revealing minor fibrotic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schipke
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; .,Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (from Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Brandenberger
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (from Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandra Rajces
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Manninger
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; and
| | - Alessio Alogna
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiner Post
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Mühlfeld
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (from Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
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29
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Wu KLH, Wu CW, Chao YM, Hung CY, Chan JYH. Impaired Nrf2 regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis in rostral ventrolateral medulla on hypertension induced by systemic inflammation. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 97:58-74. [PMID: 27223823 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress in rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), where sympathetic premotor neurons reside, is involved in the development of hypertension under systemic inflammation. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to tissue oxidative stress. In this study, we sought to investigate whether hypertension developed under systemic inflammation is attributable to impaired mitochondrial biogenesis in RVLM. In normotensive Sprague-Dawley rats, intraperitoneal infusion of a low dose Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 7 days promoted a pressor response, alongside a decrease in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, reductions in protein expression of nuclear DNA-encoded transcription factors for mitochondrial biogenesis, including mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2), and suppression of nuclear translocation of the phosphorylated Nrf2 (p-Nrf2) in RVLM neurons; all of which were abrogated by treatment with intracisternal infusion of an interleukin-1β (IL-1β) blocker, IL-1Ra, or a mobile mitochondrial electron carrier, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). Microinjection into RVLM of IL-1β suppressed the expressions of p-Nrf2 and TFAM, and evoked a pressor response; conversely, the Nrf2 inducer, tert-butylhydroquinone, lessened the LPS-induced suppression of TFAM expression and pressor response. At cellular level, exposure of neuronal N2a cells to IL-1β decreased mtDNA copy number, increased protein interaction of Nrf2 to its negative regulator, kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), and reduced DNA binding activity of p-Nrf2 to Tfam gene. Together these results indicate that defect mitochondrial biogenesis in RVLM neurons entailing redox-sensitive and IL-1β-dependent suppression of TFAM because of the increase in the formation of Keap1/Nrf2 complex, reductions in nuclear translocation of the activated Nrf2 and its binding to the Tfam gene promoter may underlie hypertension developed under the LPS-induced systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay L H Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Mei Chao
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ying Hung
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Julie Y H Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
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30
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Eirin A, Saad A, Tang H, Herrmann SM, Woollard JR, Lerman A, Textor SC, Lerman LO. Urinary Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Identifies Chronic Renal Injury in Hypertensive Patients. Hypertension 2016; 68:401-10. [PMID: 27324229 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial injury contributes to renal dysfunction in several models of renal disease, but its involvement in human hypertension remains unknown. Fragments of the mitochondrial genome released from dying cells are considered surrogate markers of mitochondrial injury. We hypothesized that hypertension would be associated with increased urine mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy numbers. We prospectively measured systemic and urinary copy number of the mtDNA genes cytochrome-c oxidase-3 and NADH dehydrogenase subunit-1 by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in essential (n=25) and renovascular (RVH, n=34) hypertensive patients and compared them with healthy volunteers (n=22). Urinary kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin served as indices of renal injury. Renal blood flow and oxygenation were assessed by multidetector computed tomography and blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging. Blood pressure, urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and kidney injury molecule-1 were similarly elevated in essential hypertension and RVH, and estimated glomerular filtration rate was lower in RVH versus healthy volunteers and essential hypertension. Renal blood flow was lower in RVH compared with essential hypertension. Urinary mtDNA copy number was higher in hypertension compared with healthy volunteers, directly correlated with urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule-1 and inversely with estimated glomerular filtration rate. In RVH, urinary mtDNA copy number correlated directly with intrarenal hypoxia. Furthermore, in an additional validation cohort, urinary mtDNA copy number was higher in RVH compared with healthy volunteers (n=10 each). The change in serum creatinine levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate 3 months after medical therapy without or with revascularization correlated with the change in urinary mtDNA. Therefore, elevated urinary mtDNA copy numbers in hypertensive patients correlated with markers of renal injury and dysfunction, implicating mitochondrial injury in kidney damage in human hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Eirin
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (A.E., A.S., H.T., S.M.H., J.R.W., S.C.T., L.O.L.) and Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (A.L., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ahmed Saad
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (A.E., A.S., H.T., S.M.H., J.R.W., S.C.T., L.O.L.) and Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (A.L., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Hui Tang
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (A.E., A.S., H.T., S.M.H., J.R.W., S.C.T., L.O.L.) and Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (A.L., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Sandra M Herrmann
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (A.E., A.S., H.T., S.M.H., J.R.W., S.C.T., L.O.L.) and Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (A.L., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - John R Woollard
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (A.E., A.S., H.T., S.M.H., J.R.W., S.C.T., L.O.L.) and Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (A.L., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Amir Lerman
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (A.E., A.S., H.T., S.M.H., J.R.W., S.C.T., L.O.L.) and Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (A.L., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Stephen C Textor
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (A.E., A.S., H.T., S.M.H., J.R.W., S.C.T., L.O.L.) and Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (A.L., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (A.E., A.S., H.T., S.M.H., J.R.W., S.C.T., L.O.L.) and Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (A.L., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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Stachowiak M, Szczerbal I, Switonski M. Genetics of Adiposity in Large Animal Models for Human Obesity-Studies on Pigs and Dogs. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 140:233-70. [PMID: 27288831 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The role of domestic mammals in the development of human biomedical sciences has been widely documented. Among these model species the pig and dog are of special importance. Both are useful for studies on the etiology of human obesity. Genome sequences of both species are known and advanced genetic tools [eg, microarray SNP for genome wide association studies (GWAS), next generation sequencing (NGS), etc.] are commonly used in such studies. In the domestic pig the accumulation of adipose tissue is an important trait, which influences meat quality and fattening efficiency. Numerous quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for pig fatness traits were identified, while gene polymorphisms associated with these traits were also described. The situation is different in dog population. Generally, excessive accumulation of adipose tissue is considered, similar to humans, as a complex disease. However, research on the genetic background of canine obesity is still in its infancy. Between-breed differences in terms of adipose tissue accumulation are well known in both animal species. In this review we show recent advances of studies on adipose tissue accumulation in pigs and dogs, and their potential importance for studies on human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stachowiak
- Department of Genetics, Animal Breeding, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - I Szczerbal
- Department of Genetics, Animal Breeding, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - M Switonski
- Department of Genetics, Animal Breeding, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
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Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes and an important contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, occurs in nearly 35% of adults and 50% of the aging population in the United States. However, the underlying mechanisms by which MetS orchestrates and amplifies cardiovascular events remain elusive. Furthermore, traditional therapeutic strategies addressing lifestyle modifications and individual components of MetS are often unsuccessful in decreasing morbidity due to MetS. The availability of an adequate experimental platform that mimics the complexity of MetS may allow development of novel management techniques. Swine models, including domestic pigs and minipigs, have made important contributions to our understanding of many aspects of MetS. Given their similarity to human anatomy and physiology, those models may have significant predictive power for elucidating the pathophysiology of MetS in a manner applicable to humans. Moreover, experimental maneuvers and drugs can be tested in these preclinical models before application in patients with MetS. This review highlights the utility of the pig as an animal model for metabolic disorders, which may play a crucial role in novel drug development to optimize management of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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