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Woods C, Wang G, Milner TA, Glass MJ. Tumor necrosis factor alpha induces NOX2-dependent reactive oxygen species production in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus neurons following angiotensin II infusion. Neurochem Int 2024; 179:105825. [PMID: 39097233 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
There is evidence that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) influences autonomic processes coordinated within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), however, the signaling mechanisms subserving TNFα's actions in this brain area are unclear. In non-neuronal cell types, TNFα has been shown to play an important role in canonical NADPH oxidase (NOX2)-mediated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), molecules also known to be critically involved in hypertension. However, little is known about the role of TNFα in NOX2-dependent ROS production in the PVN within the context of hypertension. Using dual labeling immunoelectron microscopy and dihydroethidium (DHE) microfluorography, we provide structural and functional evidence for interactions between TNFα and NOX2 in the PVN. The TNFα type 1 receptor (TNFR1), the major mediator of TNFα signaling in the PVN, was commonly co-localized with the catalytic gp91phox subunit of NOX2 in postsynaptic sites of PVN neurons. Additionally, there was an increase in dual labeled dendritic profiles following fourteen-day slow-pressor angiotensin II (AngII) infusion. Using DHE microfluorography, it was also shown that TNFα application resulted in a NOX2-dependent increase in ROS in isolated PVN neurons projecting to the spinal cord. Further, TNFα-mediated ROS production was heightened after AngII infusion. The finding that TNFR1 and gp91phox are positioned for rapid interactions, particularly in PVN-spinal cord projection neurons, provides a molecular substrate by which inflammatory signaling and oxidative stress may jointly contribute to AngII hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Woods
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Gang Wang
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Teresa A Milner
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA; Harold and Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Michael J Glass
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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2
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Yu Y, Xue B, Irfan NM, Beltz T, Weiss RM, Johnson AK, Felder RB, Wei SG. Reducing brain TACE activity improves neuroinflammation and cardiac function in heart failure rats. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1052304. [PMID: 36439267 PMCID: PMC9682140 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1052304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α converting enzyme (TACE) is a key metalloprotease mediating ectodomain shedding of a variety of inflammatory mediators, substrates, and growth factors. We previously reported that TACE-mediated production of TNF-α in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) contributes to sympathetic excitation in heart failure (HF). Here, we sought to determine whether central interventions in TACE activity attenuate neuroinflammation and improve cardiac function in heart failure. Myocardial infarction-induced HF or sham-operated (SHAM) rats were treated with bilateral paraventricular nucleus microinjection of a TACE siRNA or a 4-week intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of the TACE inhibitor TAPI-0. Compared with SHAM rats, scrambled siRNA-treated HF rats had higher TACE levels in the PVN along with increased mRNA levels of TNF-α, TNF-α receptor 1 and cyclooxygenase-2. The protein levels of TNF-α in cerebrospinal fluid and phosphorylated (p-) NF-κB p65 and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK)1/2 in the PVN were also elevated in HF rats treated with scrambled siRNA. The expression of these inflammatory mediators and signaling molecules in the PVN of HF rats were significantly attenuated by TACE siRNA. Interestingly, the mRNA level of TNF-α receptor 2 in the PVN was increased in HF treated with TACE siRNA. Moreover, sympathetic excitation, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, pulmonary congestion, and cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis were reduced by PVN microinjection of TACE siRNA. A 4-week treatment with intracerebroventricular TAPI-0 had similar effects to ameliorate these variables in HF rats. These data indicate that interventions suppressing TACE activity in the brain mitigate neuroinflammation, sympathetic activation and cardiac dysfunction in HF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Baojian Xue
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Nafis Md Irfan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Terry Beltz
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Robert M Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Alan Kim Johnson
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Robert B Felder
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Shun-Guang Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
- VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, United States
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3
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Okagu IU, Ezeorba TPC, Aham EC, Aguchem RN, Nechi RN. Recent findings on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of novel food-derived antihypertensive peptides. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2022; 4:100078. [PMID: 35415696 PMCID: PMC8991738 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2022.100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension has remained a silent-killer. Novel peptides recently isolated from food proteins. Molecular mechanism of blood pressure-lowering: renin and ACE-inhibition, and beyond. Proposed molecular mechanisms for future research. Novel peptides are excellent candidates for nutraceutical development.
Hypertension impacts negatively on the quality of life of sufferers, and complications associated with uncontrolled hypertension are life-threatening. Hence, many research efforts are exploring the antihypertensive properties of bioactive peptides derived from food proteins using in vitro ACE-inhibitory assay, experimentally-induced and spontaneous hypertensive rats, normotensive and hypertensive human models. In this study, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of blood pressure-lowering properties of novel peptides reported in recent studies (2015-July 30, 2021) were discussed. In addition to common mechanisms such as the inhibition of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) and renin activities, recently recognized mechanisms through which bioactive peptides exert their antihypertensive properties including the induction of vasodilation via upregulation of cyclo-oxygenase (COX) and prostaglandin receptor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and L-type Ca2+ channel blockade were presented. Similarly, emerging mechanisms of blood pressure-lowering by bioactive peptides such as modulation of inflammation (TNF-α, and other cytokines signaling), oxidative stress (Keap-1/Nrf2/ARE/HO-1 and related signaling pathways), PPAR-γ/caspase3/MAPK signaling pathways and inhibition of lipid accumulation were discussed. The review also highlighted factors that influence the antihypertensive properties of peptides such as method of hydrolysis (type and number of enzymes, and chemical used for hydrolysis, and microbial fermentation), and amino acid sequence and chain length of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent U Okagu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
| | | | - Emmanuel C Aham
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
| | - Rita N Aguchem
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
| | - Regina N Nechi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
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4
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Therapeutic Targets for Regulating Oxidative Damage Induced by Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Study from a Pharmacological Perspective. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8624318. [PMID: 35450409 PMCID: PMC9017553 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8624318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury is damage caused by restoring blood flow into ischemic tissues or organs. This complex and characteristic lesion accelerates cell death induced by signaling pathways such as apoptosis, necrosis, and even ferroptosis. In addition to the direct association between I-R and the release of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, it is involved in developing mitochondrial oxidative damage. Thus, its mechanism plays a critical role via reactive species scavenging, calcium overload modulation, electron transport chain blocking, mitochondrial permeability transition pore activation, or noncoding RNA transcription. Other receptors and molecules reduce tissue and organ damage caused by this pathology and other related diseases. These molecular targets have been gradually discovered and have essential roles in I-R resolution. Therefore, the current study is aimed at highlighting the importance of these discoveries. In this review, we inquire about the oxidative damage receptors that are relevant to reducing the damage induced by oxidative stress associated with I-R. Several complications on surgical techniques and pathology interventions do not mitigate the damage caused by I-R. Nevertheless, these therapies developed using alternative targets could work as coadjuvants in tissue transplants or I-R-related pathologies
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5
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Wang G, Woods C, Johnson MA, Milner TA, Glass MJ. Angiotensin II Infusion Results in Both Hypertension and Increased AMPA GluA1 Signaling in Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus of Male but not Female Mice. Neuroscience 2022; 485:129-144. [PMID: 34999197 PMCID: PMC9116447 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) plays a key role in hypertension, however the signaling pathways that contribute to the adaptability of the PVN during hypertension are uncertain. We present evidence that signaling at the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) GluA1 receptor contributes to increased blood pressure in a model of neurogenic hypertension induced by 14-day slow-pressor angiotensin II (AngII) infusion in male mice. It was found that AngII hypertension was associated with an increase in plasma membrane affiliation of GluA1, but decreased GluA2, in dendritic profiles of PVN neurons expressing the TNFα type 1 receptor, a modulator of AMPA receptor trafficking. The increased plasma membrane GluA1 was paralleled by heightened AMPA currents in PVN-spinal cord projection neurons from AngII-infused male mice. Significantly, elevated AMPA currents in AngII-treated mice were blocked by 1-Naphthyl acetyl spermine trihydrochloride, pointing to the involvement of GluA2-lacking GluA1 receptors in the heightened AMPA signaling in PVN neurons. A further functional role for GluA1 in the PVN was demonstrated by the attenuated hypertensive response following silencing of GluA1 in the PVN of AngII-infused male mice. In female mice, AngII-infusion did not impact blood pressure or plasma membrane localization of GluA1 . Post-translational modifications that increase the plasma membrane localization of AMPA GluA1 and heighten the rapid excitatory signaling actions of glutamate in PVN neurons may serve as a molecular substrate underlying sex differences in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Clara Woods
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Megan A. Johnson
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Teresa A. Milner
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065,Harold and Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Michael J. Glass
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065,Address correspondence to: Dr. Michael J. Glass, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY 10065; Phone: (646) 962-8253;
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6
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Jones BA, Wang XX, Myakala K, Levi M. Nuclear Receptors and Transcription Factors in Obesity-Related Kidney Disease. Semin Nephrol 2021; 41:318-330. [PMID: 34715962 PMCID: PMC10187996 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Both obesity and chronic kidney disease are increasingly common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although obesity often co-exists with diabetes and hypertension, it has become clear over the past several decades that obesity is an independent cause of chronic kidney disease, termed obesity-related glomerulopathy. This review defines the attributes of obesity-related glomerulopathy and describes potential pharmacologic interventions. Interventions discussed include peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, the farnesoid X receptor, the Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5, and the vitamin D receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce A Jones
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Xiaoxin X Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Komuraiah Myakala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.
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7
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Verma K, Pant M, Paliwal S, Dwivedi J, Sharma S. An Insight on Multicentric Signaling of Angiotensin II in Cardiovascular system: A Recent Update. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:734917. [PMID: 34489714 PMCID: PMC8417791 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.734917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifaceted nature of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) makes it versatile due to its involvement in pathogenesis of the cardiovascular disease. Angiotensin II (Ang II), a multifaceted member of RAS family is known to have various potential effects. The knowledge of this peptide has immensely ameliorated after meticulous research for decades. Several studies have evidenced angiotensin I receptor (AT1 R) to mediate the majority Ang II-regulated functions in the system. Functional crosstalk between AT1 R mediated signal transduction cascades and other signaling pathways has been recognized. The review will provide an up-to-date information and recent discoveries involved in Ang II receptor signal transduction and their functional significance in the cardiovascular system for potential translation in therapeutics. Moreover, the review also focuses on the role of stem cell-based therapies in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Malvika Pant
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Sarvesh Paliwal
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
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8
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Wang H, Xiong W, Hang S, Wang Y, Zhang S, Liu S. Depletion of SENP1-mediated PPARγ SUMOylation exaggerates intermittent hypoxia-induced cognitive decline by aggravating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:15240-15254. [PMID: 34035184 PMCID: PMC8221356 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia (IH)-associated cognition decline is related to the neuroinflammation of microglia. SUMOylation is a post-translational modification related to multiple human diseases, which can be reversed by SENP1. Studies showed that SENP1 and PPARγ play essential roles in restricting inflammation by blocking NF-κB activation. However, the mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the precise mechanism underlying SENP1 and PPARγ in cognitive decline after IH insult. Biochemical analysis results revealed that IH triggered the inflammatory response and neuronal apoptosis, increased the SUMOylation of PPARγ, and decreased the level of PPARγ compared to that in the normoxia group. After SENP1 downregulation, the inflammatory response, neuronal apoptosis and the SUMOylation of PPARγ were enhanced, and the level of PPARγ was further decreased in vitro and in vivo. However, the application of PPARγ agonist, GW1929, abolished the enhancement of inflammation and neuronal apoptosis in vitro. The Morris Water Maze results showed that both IH groups mice exhibited longer latency and shorter dwell-time in the goal quadrant than normoxia groups. Notably, SENP1 downregulation aggravated these alterations. Overall, these results showed that SENP1 played an essential role in IH-associated cognitive dysfunction. SENP1 depletion aggravated neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis via promoting the SUMOylation of PPARγ, reducing the level of PPARγ, thus exaggerating IH-induced cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Wang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Sitong Hang
- China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanmin Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Sisen Zhang
- Affiliated Zhengzhou People's Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
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9
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Fang S, Livergood MC, Nakagawa P, Wu J, Sigmund CD. Role of the Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors in Hypertension. Circ Res 2021; 128:1021-1039. [PMID: 33793338 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors represent a large family of ligand-activated transcription factors which sense the physiological environment and make long-term adaptations by mediating changes in gene expression. In this review, we will first discuss the fundamental mechanisms by which nuclear receptors mediate their transcriptional responses. We will focus on the PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) family of adopted orphan receptors paying special attention to PPARγ, the isoform with the most compelling evidence as an important regulator of arterial blood pressure. We will review genetic data showing that rare mutations in PPARγ cause severe hypertension and clinical trial data which show that PPARγ activators have beneficial effects on blood pressure. We will detail the tissue- and cell-specific molecular mechanisms by which PPARs in the brain, kidney, vasculature, and immune system modulate blood pressure and related phenotypes, such as endothelial function. Finally, we will discuss the role of placental PPARs in preeclampsia, a life threatening form of hypertension during pregnancy. We will close with a viewpoint on future research directions and implications for developing novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Fang
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center (S.F., P.N., J.W., C.D.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.,Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa (S.F.)
| | - M Christine Livergood
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.C.L.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Pablo Nakagawa
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center (S.F., P.N., J.W., C.D.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center (S.F., P.N., J.W., C.D.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center (S.F., P.N., J.W., C.D.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
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10
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Woods C, Marques-Lopes J, Contoreggi NH, Milner TA, Pickel VM, Wang G, Glass MJ. Tumor Necrosis Factor α Receptor Type 1 Activation in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Contributes to Glutamate Signaling and Angiotensin II-Dependent Hypertension. J Neurosci 2021; 41:1349-1362. [PMID: 33303682 PMCID: PMC7888211 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2360-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There are significant neurogenic and inflammatory influences on blood pressure, yet the role played by each of these processes in the development of hypertension is unclear. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) has emerged as a critical modulator of blood pressure and neural plasticity; however, the mechanism by which TNFα signaling contributes to the development of hypertension is uncertain. We present evidence that following angiotensin II (AngII) infusion the TNFα type 1 receptor (TNFR1) plays a key role in heightened glutamate signaling in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), a key central coordinator of blood pressure control. Fourteen day administration of a slow-pressor dose of AngII in male mice was associated with transcriptional and post-transcriptional (increased plasma membrane affiliation) regulation of TNFR1 in the PVN. Further, TNFR1 was shown to be critical for elevated NMDA-mediated excitatory currents in sympathoexcitatory PVN neurons following AngII infusion. Finally, silencing PVN TNFR1 prevented the increase in systolic blood pressure induced by AngII. These findings indicate that TNFR1 modulates a cellular pathway involving an increase in NMDA-mediated currents in the PVN following AngII infusion, suggesting a mechanism whereby TNFR1 activation contributes to hypertension via heightened hypothalamic glutamate-dependent signaling.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Inflammation is critical for the emergence of hypertension, yet the mechanisms by which inflammatory mediators contribute to this dysfunction are not clearly defined. We show that tumor necrosis factor α receptor 1 (TNFR1) in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN), a critical neuroregulator of cardiovascular function, plays an important role in the development of hypertension in mice. In the PVN, TNFR1 expression and plasma membrane localization are upregulated during hypertension induced by angiotensin II (AngII). Further, TNFR1 activation was essential for NMDA signaling and the heightening NMDA currents during hypertension. Finally, TNFR1 silencing in the PVN inhibits elevated blood pressure induced by AngII. These results point to a critical role for hypothalamic TNFR1 signaling in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Woods
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065
| | - Jose Marques-Lopes
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065
| | - Natalina H Contoreggi
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065
| | - Teresa A Milner
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065
- Harold and Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065
| | - Virginia M Pickel
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065
| | - Gang Wang
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065
| | - Michael J Glass
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065
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11
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Hammoud SH, Wehbe Z, Abdelhady S, Kobeissy F, Eid AH, El-Yazbi AF. Dysregulation of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 Expression and Function in Comorbid Disease Conditions Possibly Contributes to Coronavirus Infectious Disease 2019 Complication Severity. Mol Pharmacol 2020; 99:17-28. [PMID: 33082267 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.120.000119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ACE2 has emerged as a double agent in the COVID-19 ordeal, as it is both physiologically protective and virally conducive. The identification of ACE2 in as many as 72 tissues suggests that extrapulmonary invasion and damage is likely, which indeed has already been demonstrated by cardiovascular and gastrointestinal symptoms. On the other hand, identifying ACE2 dysregulation in patients with comorbidities may offer insight as to why COVID-19 symptoms are often more severe in these individuals. This may be attributed to a pre-existing proinflammatory state that is further propelled with the cytokine storm induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection or the loss of functional ACE2 expression as a result of viral internalization. Here, we aim to characterize the distribution and role of ACE2 in various organs to highlight the scope of damage that may arise upon SARS-CoV-2 invasion. Furthermore, by examining the disruption of ACE2 in several comorbid diseases, we offer insight into potential causes of increased severity of COVID-19 symptoms in certain individuals. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Cell surface expression of ACE2 determines the tissue susceptibility for coronavirus infectious disease 2019 infection. Comorbid disease conditions altering ACE2 expression could increase the patient's vulnerability for the disease and its complications, either directly, through modulation of viral infection, or indirectly, through alteration of inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa H Hammoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon (S.H.); Departments of Biology (Z.W.), Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (F.K.), and Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.H.E., A.F.E.-Y.), American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (A.F.E.-Y.) and Faculty of Medicine (S.A.), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, and Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar (A.H.E.)
| | - Zena Wehbe
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon (S.H.); Departments of Biology (Z.W.), Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (F.K.), and Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.H.E., A.F.E.-Y.), American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (A.F.E.-Y.) and Faculty of Medicine (S.A.), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, and Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar (A.H.E.)
| | - Samar Abdelhady
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon (S.H.); Departments of Biology (Z.W.), Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (F.K.), and Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.H.E., A.F.E.-Y.), American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (A.F.E.-Y.) and Faculty of Medicine (S.A.), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, and Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar (A.H.E.)
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon (S.H.); Departments of Biology (Z.W.), Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (F.K.), and Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.H.E., A.F.E.-Y.), American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (A.F.E.-Y.) and Faculty of Medicine (S.A.), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, and Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar (A.H.E.)
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon (S.H.); Departments of Biology (Z.W.), Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (F.K.), and Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.H.E., A.F.E.-Y.), American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (A.F.E.-Y.) and Faculty of Medicine (S.A.), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, and Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar (A.H.E.)
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon (S.H.); Departments of Biology (Z.W.), Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (F.K.), and Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.H.E., A.F.E.-Y.), American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (A.F.E.-Y.) and Faculty of Medicine (S.A.), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, and Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar (A.H.E.)
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12
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Li Y, Wei B, Liu X, Shen XZ, Shi P. Microglia, autonomic nervous system, immunity and hypertension: Is there a link? Pharmacol Res 2019; 155:104451. [PMID: 31557524 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension ranks the most common risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, and it affects almost one third of adult population globally. Emerging evidence indicates that immune activation is highly involved in the entire progress of hypertension and end organ damage. In addition to immunity, autonomic nervous system, particularly sympathetic nervous system, is one of the most conserved systems to maintain body homeostasis. Immune and sympathetic activities are found simultaneously increased in hypertension, suggesting a synergistic action of these two systems in the progression of this disease. Microglia, the primary immune cells in the central nervous system, have been suggested in the regulation of sympathetic outflow; depletion of microglia alters neuroinflammation and pressor responses in hypertensive models. In this review, we firstly updated the current understanding on microglial ontogeny and functions in both steady state and diseases. Then we reviewed on the interaction between autonomic nervous system and peripheral immunity in hypertension. Microglia bridge the central and peripheral inflammation via regulating the sympathetic nerve activity in hypertension. Future exploration of the molecular linkage of this pathway may provide novel therapeutic angel for hypertension and related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Li
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Z Shen
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Shi
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Stimulation of Na +/K +-ATPase with an Antibody against Its 4 th Extracellular Region Attenuates Angiotensin II-Induced H9c2 Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy via an AMPK/SIRT3/PPAR γ Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4616034. [PMID: 31636805 PMCID: PMC6766118 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4616034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Sodium potassium ATPase (NKA) expression and activity are often regulated by angiotensin II (Ang II). This study is aimed at investigating whether DR-Ab, an antibody against 4th extracellular region of NKA, can protect Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Our results showed that Ang II treatment significantly reduced NKA activity and membrane expression. Pretreatment with DR-Ab preserved cell size in Ang II-induced cardiomyopathy by stabilizing the plasma membrane expression of NKA and restoring its activity. DR-Ab reduced intracellular ROS generation through inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity and protection of mitochondrial functions in Ang II-treated H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Pharmacological manipulation and Western blotting analysis demonstrated the cardioprotective effects were mediated by the activation of the AMPK/Sirt-3/PPARγ signaling pathway. Taken together, our results suggest that dysfunction of NKA is an important mechanism for Ang II-induced cardiomyopathy and DR-Ab may be a novel and promising therapeutic approach to treat cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
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14
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Liu J, Yao Q, Xiao L, Ma W, Li F, Lai B, Wang N. PPARγ induces NEDD4 gene expression to promote autophagy and insulin action. FEBS J 2019; 287:529-545. [PMID: 31423749 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligase neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 4 (NEDD4) plays a crucial role in governing a number of signaling pathways, including insulin and autophagy signaling. However, the molecular mechanism by which NEDD4 gene is transcriptionally regulated has not been fully elucidated. Here, we reported that NEDD4 mRNA and protein levels were increased by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) in HepG2 hepatocytes. PPARγ antagonist GW9662 abolished thiazolidinedione (TZD)-induced NEDD4 expression. ChIP and luciferase reporter assays showed that PPARγ directly bound to the potential PPAR-responsive elements (PPREs) within the promoter region of the human NEDD4 gene. In addition, TZDs increased Akt phosphorylation and glucose uptake, which were abrogated through NEDD4 depletion. Furthermore, we showed that NEDD4-mediated autophagy induction and Akt phosphorylation were suppressed by oleic acid and high glucose treatment, activation of PPARγ successfully prevented this suppression. In conclusion, these results suggest that PPARγ plays a novel role in linking glucose metabolism and protein homeostasis through NEDD4-mediated effects on the autophagy machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Qinyu Yao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Wen Ma
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Fan Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Baochang Lai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Nanping Wang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, China
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Zhuo X, Wu Y, Yang Y, Gao L, Qiao X, Chen T. LncRNA AK094457 promotes AngII-mediated hypertension and endothelial dysfunction through suppressing of activation of PPARγ. Life Sci 2019; 233:116745. [PMID: 31404524 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease worldwide and is striking more young people, which is characterized by impaired vascular endothelial function. To find the functional lncRNAs associated with hypertension, high throughput lncRNA microarray were used to analyze expression profile of the lncRNAs in the aortic vascular endothelial cells (VECs) of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The tail vein injection of siRNA was used to study the influence of lncRNA AK094457 inhibition on endothelial function in vivo. In vitro, endothelial function was studied in endothelial cells transfected with lncRNA AK094457-overexpressed vectors and siRNAs. pPPARγ and iNOS protein levels were detected with Western blot. Elisa assay was used to analyze the secretion of AngII, ET-1, ROS and LDH level. The nitrite/nitrate (NO2-/NO3-) concentration was measured using a colorimetric assay. LncRNA AK094457 was a most upregulated lncRNA in SHRs. It is showed that downregulation of AK094457 significantly reduced rat arterial pressure, increased activation of endothelial PPARγ, and suppressed serum contents of AngII and NO in vivo. Furthermore, results from gain-and-loss of function in primary aortic endothelial cells indicated that AK094457 negatively regulated activation of PPARγ and promoted AngII-mediated endothelial dysfunction, manifested by decreased capacities of cell proliferation and migration, and increased levels of ROS production and LDH release. In conclusion, lncRNA AK094457 is identified as a key regulator in blood pressure and endothelial function, which can increase AngII-induced hypertension and endothelial dysfunction via suppression of PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Zhuo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yanjie Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xiangrui Qiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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16
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Zhou Y, Zhang R, Wang G, Wang A, Zhong C, Zhang M, Li H, Xu T, Zhang Y. Coexistence effect of hypertension and angiotensin II on the risk of coronary heart disease: a population-based prospective cohort study among Inner Mongolians in China. Curr Med Res Opin 2019; 35:1473-1478. [PMID: 30917708 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2019.1601430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the coexistence effect of hypertension and angiotensin II on the risk of coronary heart disease based on a prospective study in an Inner Mongolian population of China. Methods: The participants were categorized into four subgroups according to hypertension status and median of angiotensin II level. Incident coronary heart disease (CHD) was defined as study outcome. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of CHD across the four subgroups after adjusting for important confounding factors. Results: During an average 9.2 years of follow-up, a total of 75 incident CHD cases were observed. The cumulative incidence rates of CHD among normotensives with angiotensin II ≤49 pg/mL, normotensives with angiotensin II >49 pg/mL, hypertensives with angiotensin II ≤49 pg/mL and hypertensives with angiotensin II >49 pg/mL were 1.76%, 1.50%, 4.71% and 5.62%, respectively (log-rank test, p < .001). Compared to the normotensives, the multivariable adjusted HRs (95% CI) of CHD with hypertensives and Ang II >49 pg/mL were 2.43 (1.41-4.17) and 1.30 (0.81-2.07), respectively. Furthermore, compared to normotensives with angiotensin II ≤49 pg/mL, the multivariate-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of CHD for normotensives with angiotensin II >49 pg/mL, hypertensives with angiotensin II ≤49 pg/mL and hypertensives with angiotensin II >49 pg/mL were 1.33 (0.60-2.91), 2.35 (1.16-4.76) and 3.00 (1.52-5.92), respectively (p for trend <.05). The hypertensives with angiotensin II >49 pg/mL were at the highest risk of CHD. Conclusions: Hypertension not angiotensin II was an independent risk factor for incident CHD, but the coexistence of both hypertension and high angiotensin II level further increased risk of incident CHD among the Inner Mongolians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Zhou
- a Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases , Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Rui Zhang
- a Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases , Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Guangli Wang
- a Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases , Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Aili Wang
- a Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases , Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Chongke Zhong
- a Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases , Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- a Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases , Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Hongmei Li
- a Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases , Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Tan Xu
- a Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases , Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- a Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases , Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
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17
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Guan J, Zhao M, He C, Li X, Li Y, Sun J, Wang W, Cui YL, Zhang Q, Li BY, Qiao GF. Anti-Hypertensive Action of Fenofibrate via UCP2 Upregulation Mediated by PPAR Activation in Baroreflex Afferent Pathway. Neurosci Bull 2019; 35:15-24. [PMID: 30173356 PMCID: PMC6357279 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0271-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fenofibrate, an agonist for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), lowers blood pressure, but whether this action is mediated via baroreflex afferents has not been elucidated. In this study, the distribution of PPAR-α and PPAR-γ was assessed in the nodose ganglion (NG) and the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). Hypertension induced by drinking high fructose (HFD) was reduced, along with complete restoration of impaired baroreceptor sensitivity, by chronic treatment with fenofibrate. The molecular data also showed that both PPAR-α and PPAR-γ were dramatically up-regulated in the NG and NTS of the HFD group. Expression of the downstream signaling molecule of PPAR-α, the mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), was up-regulated in the baroreflex afferent pathway under similar experimental conditions, along with amelioration of reduced superoxide dismutase activity and increased superoxide in HFD rats. These results suggest that chronic treatment with fenofibrate plays a crucial role in the neural control of blood pressure by improving baroreflex afferent function due at least partially to PPAR-mediated up-regulation of UCP2 expression and reduction of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guan
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Miao Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Chao He
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Ya-Li Cui
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Bai-Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Guo-Fen Qiao
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
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18
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Forrester SJ, Booz GW, Sigmund CD, Coffman TM, Kawai T, Rizzo V, Scalia R, Eguchi S. Angiotensin II Signal Transduction: An Update on Mechanisms of Physiology and Pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1627-1738. [PMID: 29873596 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 630] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays crucial roles in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. However, many of the signaling mechanisms have been unclear. The angiotensin II (ANG II) type 1 receptor (AT1R) is believed to mediate most functions of ANG II in the system. AT1R utilizes various signal transduction cascades causing hypertension, cardiovascular remodeling, and end organ damage. Moreover, functional cross-talk between AT1R signaling pathways and other signaling pathways have been recognized. Accumulating evidence reveals the complexity of ANG II signal transduction in pathophysiology of the vasculature, heart, kidney, and brain, as well as several pathophysiological features, including inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and aging. In this review, we provide a comprehensive update of the ANG II receptor signaling events and their functional significances for potential translation into therapeutic strategies. AT1R remains central to the system in mediating physiological and pathophysiological functions of ANG II, and participation of specific signaling pathways becomes much clearer. There are still certain limitations and many controversies, and several noteworthy new concepts require further support. However, it is expected that rigorous translational research of the ANG II signaling pathways including those in large animals and humans will contribute to establishing effective new therapies against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Forrester
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - George W Booz
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Thomas M Coffman
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tatsuo Kawai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Victor Rizzo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rosario Scalia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
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19
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Su Y, Shen X, Chen J, Isales CM, Zhao J, Shi XM. Differentially expressed genes in PPARγ-deficient MSCs. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 471:97-104. [PMID: 28774780 PMCID: PMC5792374 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a key regulator of adipogenesis. It is also a central player in energy metabolism, inflammation and immunity. As an important nuclear transcription factor, PPARγ can regulate the expression and function of genes or biological processes directly or indirectly via association with other factors and thus modulate their activities. To better understand the impact of PPARγ on the global gene expression profile, we evaluated the bioinformatic data, which revealed the changes that occurred in genes and their pathways in the absence of PPARγ. In brief, we performed RNA deep sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis using RNA samples isolated from multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) of PPARγ knockout and wild type control mice. The RNA-Seq data sets were then subjected to bioinformatic analyses from various angles to better reveal the breadth of PPARγ function in different biological processes. Our results reveal novel genes and networks modulated by PPARγ and provides new insights into our understanding of the physiologic and pathophysiologic role this nuclear receptor plays in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Su
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, USA
| | - Xiaona Shen
- Department of Mathematics, Logistical Engineering University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, USA; Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Mathematics, Logistical Engineering University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xing-Ming Shi
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, USA; Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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20
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Sevoflurane exaggerates cognitive decline in a rat model of chronic intermittent hypoxia by aggravating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation via downregulation of PPAR-γ in the hippocampus. Behav Brain Res 2018; 347:325-331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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21
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Interplay between the renin-angiotensin system, the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ in hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2018; 20:62. [PMID: 29884931 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-018-0860-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Heterogeneous causes can determinate hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has a major role in the pathophysiology of blood pressure. Angiotensin II and aldosterone are overexpressed during hypertension and lead to hypertension development and its cardiovascular complications. In several tissues, the overactivation of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway leads to inactivation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), while PPARγ stimulation induces a decrease of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway. In hypertension, the WNT/β-catenin pathway is upregulated, whereas PPARγ is decreased. The WNT/β-catenin pathway and RAS regulate positively each other during hypertension, whereas PPARγ agonists can decrease the expression of both the WNT/β-catenin pathway and RAS. We focus this review on the hypothesis of an opposite interplay between PPARγ and both the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and RAS in regulating the molecular mechanism underlying hypertension. The interactions between PPARγ and the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway through the regulation of the renin-angiotensin system in hypertension may be an interesting way to better understand the actions and the effects of PPARγ agonists as antihypertensive drugs.
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22
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Kopf PG, Phelps LE, Schupbach CD, Johnson AK, Peuler JD. Differential effects of long-term slow-pressor and subpressor angiotensin II on contractile and relaxant reactivity of resistance versus conductance arteries. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13623. [PMID: 29504268 PMCID: PMC5835495 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular reactivity was evaluated in three separate arteries isolated from rats after angiotensin II (Ang II) was infused chronically in two separate experiments, one using a 14-day high, slow-pressor dose known to produce hypertension and the other using a 7-day low, subpressor but hypertensive-sensitizing dose. There were three new findings. First, there was no evidence of altered vascular reactivity in resistance arteries that might otherwise explain the hypertension due to the high Ang II or the hypertensive-sensitizing effect of the low Ang II dose. Second, the high Ang II dose exerted a novel differential effect on arterial contractile responsiveness to the sympathetic neurotransmitter, norepinephrine, depending on the level of sympathetic innervation. It clearly enhanced that responsiveness in the sparsely innervated aorta but not in small mesenteric resistance arteries or the proximal (conductance) portion of the caudal artery, both of which are densely innervated. This suggests that the increased expression of alpha adrenergic receptors after long-term exposure to Ang II as previously reported for aortic smooth muscle, is prevented in densely innervated arteries, likely due to long-term Ang II-mediated increase in sympathetic neural traffic to those vessels. Third, the same high dose of Ang II impaired aortic relaxation in response to the nitric oxide (NO) donor nitroprusside without impairing aortic endothelium-dependent relaxation. NO is the main relaxing substance released by aortic endothelium. Accordingly, it is possible that this dose of Ang II is also associated with enhanced release of and/or enhanced smooth muscle responsiveness to other endothelial relaxing substances in a compensatory capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip G. Kopf
- Department of PharmacologyMidwestern UniversityDowners GroveIllinois
| | - Laura E. Phelps
- Department of PharmacologyMidwestern UniversityDowners GroveIllinois
| | - Chad D. Schupbach
- Department of PharmacologyMidwestern UniversityDowners GroveIllinois
| | - Alan K. Johnson
- Departments of Psychological and Brain SciencesHealth and Human Physiology, and Pharmacologythe University of IowaIowa CityIowa
| | - Jacob D. Peuler
- Department of PharmacologyMidwestern UniversityDowners GroveIllinois
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23
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Sierra S, Luquin N, Navarro-Otano J. The endocannabinoid system in cardiovascular function: novel insights and clinical implications. Clin Auton Res 2017; 28:35-52. [PMID: 29222605 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-017-0488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cardiovascular disease is now recognized as the number one cause of death in the world, and the size of the population at risk continues to increase rapidly. The dysregulation of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system plays a central role in a wide variety of conditions including cardiovascular disorders. Cannabinoid receptors, their endogenous ligands, as well as enzymes conferring their synthesis and degradation, exhibit overlapping distributions in the cardiovascular system. Furthermore, the pharmacological manipulation of the eCB system has effects on blood pressure, cardiac contractility, and endothelial vasomotor control. Growing evidence from animal studies supports the significance of the eCB system in cardiovascular disorders. OBJECTIVE To summarize the literature surrounding the eCB system in cardiovascular function and disease and the new compounds that may potentially extend the range of available interventions. RESULTS Drugs targeting CB1R, CB2R, TRPV1 and PPARs are proven effective in animal models mimicking cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension, atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. Despite the setback of two clinical trials that exhibited unexpected harmful side-effects, preclinical studies are accelerating the development of more selective drugs with promising results devoid of adverse effects. CONCLUSION Over the last years, increasing evidence from basic and clinical research supports the role of the eCB system in cardiovascular function. Whereas new discoveries are paving the way for the identification of novel drugs and therapeutic targets, the close cooperation of researchers, clinicians and pharmaceutical companies is needed to achieve successful outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Sierra
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Molecular Medicine Research Building, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1220 East Broad Street, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
| | - Natasha Luquin
- Department of Medical Genomics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Judith Navarro-Otano
- Neurology Service, Electromyography, Motor Control and Neuropathic Pain Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Chen C, Peng S, Chen F, Liu L, Li Z, Zeng G, Huang Q. Protective effects of pioglitazone on vascular endothelial cell dysfunction induced by high glucose via inhibition of IKKα/β–NFκB signaling mediated by PPARγ in vitro. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1480-1487. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PIO, a synthetic ligand for PPARγ, is used clinically to treat T2DM. However, little is known about its protective effects on endothelium and the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we sought to investigate the protective effects of PIO on endothelium and its probable mechanisms: 95% confluent wild type (WT) HUVECs and PPARγLow-HUVECs that we first injured with HG (33 mmol·L–1) were first pretreated with 10 μmol·L–1 of GW9662 for 30 min, and then treated the cells with different concentrations of PIO (5, 10, or 20 μmol·L–1) for 24 h. Finally, we measured the levels of NO, ET1, TNFα, and IL6 in the cell culture supernatant. These cells were then used to determine cell viability, caspase3 activity, the levels of IKKα/β mRNA, IKKα/β, and NFκB-p65. Severe dysfunction and activation of IKKα/β–NFκB signaling occurred after we exposed HUVECs to HG. Conversely, treatment with PIO significantly attenuated the dysfunction and the activation of IKKα/β–NFκB signaling induced by HG in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the protective effects of PIO were completely abrogated by GW9662 or down-regulation of PPARγ. Taken together, the results indicate that PIO protects HUVECs against the HG-induced dysfunction through the inhibition of IKKα/β–NFκB signaling mediated by PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang Chen
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanching University
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Shaorong Peng
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanching University
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Fanghui Chen
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanching University
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Lili Liu
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanching University
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhouxue Li
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanching University
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanching University
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Qiren Huang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanching University
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
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25
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Shen Q, Li J, Zhang C, Wang P, Mohammed A, Ni S, Tang Z. Panax notoginseng saponins reduce high-risk factors for thrombosis through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor -γ pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:1163-1169. [PMID: 29174034 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The classic Virchow theory suggests that blood stasis, hypercoagulability and endothelial dysfunction are three major factors that cause venous thrombosis (VT). It is a complicated biological process involved multi-factors. Platelet plays a central role and participates in multiple links of this process. Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS), the principal constituents derived from panax notoginseng, has been widely described for its anti-platelet activity. However, its potential mechanism against platelet aggregation has not been clarified. In this present study, we evaluated the anti-platelet effects of PNS on thrombin-induced platelet activation and its possible molecular mechanism of action, and further explored the therapeutic action of PNS on thrombin induced hypercoagulability in rat. Our results showed that PNS treatment inhibited platelet aggregation induced by thrombin, which was accompanied with over-expression of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) protein, mRNA and upregulation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/ protein kinase B (Akt)/ endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway in platelet, and this effect could be reversed by PPAR-γ inhibitor T0070907. In vivo, PNS significantly reversed thrombin-induced hypercoagulable state in rat which was accompanied by PPAR-γ protein and mRNA upregulation in rat lung. In conclusion, these data suggested that PNS could suppress thrombin-induced platelet aggregation in vitro and effectively improve hypercoagulable state in vivo and PNS-induced activation of PPAR-γ and its downstream PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway played the central role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Shen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Caixin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengbo Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Anaz Mohammed
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Songshi Ni
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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26
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Wu X, Pan B, Wang Y, Liu L, Huang X, Tian J. The protective role of low-concentration alcohol in high-fructose induced adverse cardiovascular events in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:1403-1410. [PMID: 29175209 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains a worldwide public health issue. As fructose consumption is dramatically increasing, it has been demonstrated that a fructose-rich intake would increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. In addition, emerging evidences suggest that low concentration alcohol intake may exert a protective effect on cardiovascular system. This study aimed to investigate whether low-concentration alcohol consumption would prevent the adverse effects on cardiovascular events induced by high fructose in mice. From the results of hematoxylin-eosin staining, echocardiography, heart weight/body weight ratio and the expression of hypertrophic marker ANP, we found high-fructose result in myocardial hypertrophy and the low-concentration alcohol consumption would prevent the cardiomyocyte hypertrophy from happening. In addition, we observed low-concentration alcohol consumption could inhibit mitochondria swollen induced by high-fructose. The elevated levels of glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol in high-fructose group were reduced by low concentration alcohol. Low expression levels of SIRT1 and PPAR-γ induced by high-fructose were significantly elevated when fed with low-concentration alcohol. The histone lysine 9 acetylation (acH3K9) level was decreased in PPAR-γ promoter in high-fructose group but elevated when intake with low concentration alcohol. The binding levels of histone deacetylase SIRT1 were increased in the same region in high-fructose group, while the low concentration alcohol can prevent the increased binding levels. Overall, our study indicates that low-concentration alcohol consumption could inhibit high-fructose related myocardial hypertrophy, cardiac mitochondria damaged and disorders of glucose-lipid metabolism. Furthermore, these findings also provide new insights into histone acetylation-deacetylation mechanisms of low-concentration alcohol treatment that may contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular disease induced by high-fructose intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Wu
- Heart Centre, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Bo Pan
- Heart Centre, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Heart Centre, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Lingjuan Liu
- Heart Centre, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xupei Huang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charlie E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Jie Tian
- Heart Centre, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
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27
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Cai W, Yang T, Liu H, Han L, Zhang K, Hu X, Zhang X, Yin KJ, Gao Y, Bennett MVL, Leak RK, Chen J. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ): A master gatekeeper in CNS injury and repair. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 163-164:27-58. [PMID: 29032144 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a widely expressed ligand-modulated transcription factor that governs the expression of genes involved in inflammation, redox equilibrium, trophic factor production, insulin sensitivity, and the metabolism of lipids and glucose. Synthetic PPARγ agonists (e.g. thiazolidinediones) are used to treat Type II diabetes and have the potential to limit the risk of developing brain injuries such as stroke by mitigating the influence of comorbidities. If brain injury develops, PPARγ serves as a master gatekeeper of cytoprotective stress responses, improving the chances of cellular survival and recovery of homeostatic equilibrium. In the acute injury phase, PPARγ directly restricts tissue damage by inhibiting the NFκB pathway to mitigate inflammation and stimulating the Nrf2/ARE axis to neutralize oxidative stress. During the chronic phase of acute brain injuries, PPARγ activation in injured cells culminates in the repair of gray and white matter, preservation of the blood-brain barrier, reconstruction of the neurovascular unit, resolution of inflammation, and long-term functional recovery. Thus, PPARγ lies at the apex of cell fate decisions and exerts profound effects on the chronic progression of acute injury conditions. Here, we review the therapeutic potential of PPARγ in stroke and brain trauma and highlight the novel role of PPARγ in long-term tissue repair. We describe its structure and function and identify the genes that it targets. PPARγ regulation of inflammation, metabolism, cell fate (proliferation/differentiation/maturation/survival), and many other processes also has relevance to other neurological diseases. Therefore, PPARγ is an attractive target for therapies against a number of progressive neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cai
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Tuo Yang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Huan Liu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Lijuan Han
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - Xuejing Zhang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ke-Jie Yin
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yanqin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Michael V L Bennett
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA.
| | - Jun Chen
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh PA, USA.
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28
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Cai G, Zhang X, Weng W, Shi G, Xue S, Zhang B. Associations between PPARG polymorphisms and the risk of essential hypertension. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181644. [PMID: 28727849 PMCID: PMC5519177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) plays an important role in the pathogenesis and maintenance of essential hypertension (EH). It has been suggested that polymorphisms of PPARG are associated with the risk of EH. However, findings to date remain controversial. To elucidate the associations between the PPARG Pro12Ala and C161T polymorphisms and EH risk, a meta-analysis was carried out. Methods A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, CNKI (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure), VIP and Wanfang databases was conducted. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to estimate the size of the effect using the random-effects model. At the same time, the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% CI was used for the meta-analysis of the PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism and blood pressure. Results Finally, Fifteen papers (seventeen studies) including 4,151 cases and 4,997 controls to evaluate the association of the PPARGPro12Ala polymorphism and EH risk, were included in this study. Overall, the results suggested that Ala allele was associated with the decreased EH risk (for allelic model, OR = 0.757, 95%CI: 0.624–0.918, P = 0.005; for dominant model, OR = 0.771, 95%CI: 0.627–0.946, P = 0.013). The subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity showed that the significant association between the PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism and EH was only detected in the Asian subgroup. There was no difference in blood pressure values between Ala carriers and non-carriers. For the C161T polymorphism, only 5 studies comprising 1,118 cases and 1,357 controls met the inclusion criteria. The overall results showed that the PPARG C161T polymorphism was not associated with the risk of EH. But in the subgroup analysis, we found that the PPARG C161T polymorphism significantly associated with the risk of EH in the Asian subgroup (for allelic model, OR = 0.719, 95% CI: 0.537–0.963, P = 0.027; for dominant model, OR = 0.653, 95% CI: 0.439–0.972, P = 0.036). Conclusion Our meta-analysis suggested that the PPARG polymorphisms might be associated with the risk of EH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaojun Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Wujin hospital affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Xinyong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Huai’an second people’s hospital, the affiliated Huai’an hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weijin Weng
- Department of Cardiology, Wujin hospital affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ganwei Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Wujin hospital affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sheliang Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Wujin hospital affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bifeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
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29
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Yu Y, Wei SG, Weiss RM, Felder RB. TNF-α receptor 1 knockdown in the subfornical organ ameliorates sympathetic excitation and cardiac hemodynamics in heart failure rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H744-H756. [PMID: 28710070 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00280.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In systolic heart failure (HF), circulating proinflammatory cytokines upregulate inflammation and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activity in cardiovascular regions of the brain, contributing to sympathetic excitation and cardiac dysfunction. Important among these is the subfornical organ (SFO), a forebrain circumventricular organ that lacks an effective blood-brain barrier and senses circulating humors. We hypothesized that the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) receptor 1 (TNFR1) in the SFO contributes to sympathetic excitation and cardiac dysfunction in HF rats. Rats received SFO microinjections of a TNFR1 shRNA or a scrambled shRNA lentiviral vector carrying green fluorescent protein, or vehicle. One week later, some rats were euthanized to confirm the accuracy of the SFO microinjections and the transfection potential of the lentiviral vector. Other rats underwent coronary artery ligation (CL) to induce HF or a sham operation. Four weeks after CL, vehicle- and scrambled shRNA-treated HF rats had significant increases in TNFR1 mRNA and protein, NF-κB activity, and mRNA for inflammatory mediators, RAS components and c-Fos protein in the SFO and downstream in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, along with increased plasma norepinephrine levels and impaired cardiac function, compared with vehicle-treated sham-operated rats. In HF rats treated with TNFR1 shRNA, TNFR1 was reduced in the SFO but not paraventricular nucleus, and the central and peripheral manifestations of HF were ameliorated. In sham-operated rats treated with TNFR1 shRNA, TNFR1 expression was also reduced in the SFO but there were no other effects. These results suggest a key role for TNFR1 in the SFO in the pathophysiology of systolic HF.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Activation of TNF-α receptor 1 in the subfornical organ (SFO) contributes to sympathetic excitation in heart failure rats by increasing inflammation and renin-angiotensin system activity in the SFO and downstream in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Cytokine receptors in the SFO may be a target for central intervention in cardiovascular conditions characterized by peripheral inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Shun-Guang Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Robert M Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Robert B Felder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and .,Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa
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30
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Glass MJ, Chan J, Pickel VM. Ultrastructural characterization of tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor type 1 distribution in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of the mouse. Neuroscience 2017; 352:262-272. [PMID: 28385632 PMCID: PMC5522011 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The immune/inflammatory signaling molecule tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) is an important mediator of both constitutive and plastic signaling in the brain. In particular, TNFα is implicated in physiological processes, including fever, energy balance, and autonomic function, known to involve the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Many critical actions of TNFα are transduced by the TNFα type 1 receptor (TNFR1), whose activation has been shown to potently modulate classical neural signaling. There is, however, little known about the cellular sites of action for TNFR1 in the PVN. In the present study, high-resolution electron microscopic immunocytochemistry was used to demonstrate the ultrastructural distribution of TNFR1 in the PVN. Labeling for TNFR1 was found in somata and dendrites, and to a lesser extent in axon terminals and glia in the PVN. In dendritic profiles, TNFR1 was mainly present in the cytoplasm, and in association with presumably functional sites on the plasma membrane. Dendritic profiles expressing TNFR1 were contacted by axon terminals, which formed non-synaptic appositions, as well as excitatory-type and inhibitory-type synaptic specializations. A smaller population of TNFR1-labeled axon terminals making non-synaptic appositions, and to a lesser extent synaptic contacts, with unlabeled dendrites was also identified. These findings indicate that TNFR1 is structurally positioned to modulate postsynaptic signaling in the PVN, suggesting a mechanism whereby TNFR1 activation contributes to cardiovascular and other autonomic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Glass
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States.
| | - June Chan
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Virginia M Pickel
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States
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31
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Xian M, Wang T, Zhang W, Gao J, Zhang Y, Li D, Wei J, Yang H. Yixinshu ameliorates hippocampus abnormality induced by heart failure viathe PPARγ signaling pathway. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10650e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Yizinshu (YXS) improves cardiac function and ameliorates hippocampus abnormality induced by heart failureviathe PPARγ signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Xian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
- Beijing 100700
- China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
- Beijing 100700
- China
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Ethnic Medicine
- Chengdu University of TCM
- Chengdu 610072
- China
| | - Jinhuan Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
- Beijing 100700
- China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
- Beijing 100700
- China
| | - Defeng Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
- Beijing 100700
- China
| | - Junying Wei
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
- Beijing 100700
- China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
- Beijing 100700
- China
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32
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Chi L, Hu X, Zhang W, Bai T, Zhang L, Zeng H, Guo R, Zhang Y, Tian H. Adipokine CTRP6 improves PPARγ activation to alleviate angiotensin II-induced hypertension and vascular endothelial dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 482:727-734. [PMID: 27871858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (AngII) is the most important component of angiotensin, which has been regarded as a major contributor to the incidence of hypertension and vascular endothelial dysfunction. The adipocytokine C1q/TNF-related protein 6 (CTRP6) was recently reported to have multiple protective effects on cardiac and cardiovascular function. However, the exact role of CTRP6 in the progression of AngII induced hypertension and vascular endothelial function remains unclear. Here, we showed that serum CTRP6 content was significantly downregulated in SHRs, accompanied by a marked increase in arterial systolic pressure and serum AngII, CRP and ET-1 content. Then, pcDNA3.1-mediated CTRP6 delivery or CTRP6 siRNA was injected into SHRs. CTRP6 overexpression caused a significant decrease in AngII expression and AngII-mediated hypertension and vascular endothelial inflammation. In contrast, CTRP6 knockdown had the opposite effect to CTRP6 overexpression. Moreover, we found that CTRP6 positively regulated the activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway and the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a recently proven negative regulator of AngII, in the brain and vascular endothelium of SHRs. Finally, CTRP6 was overexpressed in endothelial cells, and caused a significant increase in PPARγ activation and suppression in AngII-mediated vascular endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis. The effect of that could be rescued by the ERK inhibitor PD98059. In contrast, silencing CTRP6 suppressed PPARγ activation and exacerbated AngII-mediated vascular endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis. In conclusion, CTRP6 improves PPARγ activation and alleviates AngII-induced hypertension and vascular endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Chi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China; Departments of Cardiology, The 451st Hospital of People's Liberation Army, China
| | - Xiaojing Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Ninth Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Affiliated Xi'an Honghui Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Tiao Bai
- Department of Gereology, The Ninth Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Linjing Zhang
- Departments of Cardiology, The 451st Hospital of People's Liberation Army, China
| | - Hua Zeng
- Departments of Cardiology, The 451st Hospital of People's Liberation Army, China
| | - Ruirui Guo
- Departments of Cardiology, The 451st Hospital of People's Liberation Army, China
| | - Yanhai Zhang
- Departments of Cardiology, The 451st Hospital of People's Liberation Army, China.
| | - Hongyan Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China.
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FGF21 ameliorates the neurocontrol of blood pressure in the high fructose-drinking rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29582. [PMID: 27387420 PMCID: PMC4937430 DOI: 10.1038/srep29582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) is closely related to various metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. However, the direct targets and mechanisms linking FGF21 to blood pressure control and hypertension are still elusive. Here we demonstrated a novel regulatory function of FGF21 in the baroreflex afferent pathway (the nucleus tractus solitarii, NTS; nodose ganglion, NG). As the critical co-receptor of FGF21, β-klotho (klb) significantly expressed on the NTS and NG. Furthermore, we evaluated the beneficial effects of chronic intraperitoneal infusion of recombinant human FGF21 (rhFGF21) on the dysregulated systolic blood pressure, cardiac parameters, baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and hyperinsulinemia in the high fructose-drinking (HFD) rats. The BRS up-regulation is associated with Akt-eNOS-NO signaling activation in the NTS and NG induced by acute intravenous rhFGF21 administration in HFD and control rats. Moreover, the expressions of FGF21 receptors were aberrantly down-regulated in HFD rats. In addition, the up-regulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and -α (PPAR-γ/-α) in the NTS and NG in HFD rats were markedly reversed by chronic rhFGF21 infusion. Our study extends the work of the FGF21 actions on the neurocontrol of blood pressure regulations through baroreflex afferent pathway in HFD rats.
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TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling and PPAR-γ within the paraventricular nucleus are involved in the effects of telmisartan in hypertension. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 305:93-102. [PMID: 27292124 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous findings from our laboratory and others indicate that the main therapeutic effect of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1-R) antagonists is to decrease blood pressure and exert anti-inflammatory effects in the cardiovascular system. In this study, we determined whether AT1-R antagonist telmisartan within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) attenuates hypertension and hypothalamic inflammation via both the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) in the PVN in hypertensive rats. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were treated for 4weeks through bilateral PVN infusion with the AT1-R antagonist telmisartan (TEL, 10μg/h), or losartan (LOS, 20μg/h), or the PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662 (GW, 100μg/h), or vehicle via osmotic minipump. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was recorded by a tail-cuff occlusion method. PVN tissue and blood were collected for the measurement of AT1-R, PPAR-γ, pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), TLR4, MyD88, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activity and plasma norepinephrine (NE), respectively. Hypertensive rats exhibited significantly higher level of AT1-R and lower level of PPAR-γ in the PVN. PVN treatment with TEL attenuated MAP, improved cardiac hypertrophy, reduced TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS levels, and plasma NE in SHR but not in WKY rats. These results were associated with reduced TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB levels and increased PPAR-γ level in the PVN of hypertensive rats. Our findings suggest that TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling and PPAR-γ within the PVN are involved in the beneficial effects of telmisartan in hypertension.
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Romero M, Jiménez R, Toral M, León-Gómez E, Gómez-Gúzman M, Sánchez M, Zarzuelo MJ, Rodríguez-Gómez I, Rath G, Tamargo J, Pérez-Vizcaíno F, Dessy C, Duarte J. Vascular and Central Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-β Attenuates Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension: Role of RGS-5. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 358:151-63. [PMID: 27189971 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.233106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ (PPARβ) lowers blood pressure in genetic and mineralocorticoid-induced hypertension. Regulator of G-protein-coupled receptor signaling 5 (RGS5) protein, which interferes in angiotensin II (AngII) signaling, is a target gene to PPARβ The aim of the present study was to examine whether PPARβ activation in resistance arteries and brain tissues prevents the elevated blood pressure in AngII-induced hypertension and evaluate the role of RGS5 in this effect. C57BL/6J male mice were divided into five groups (control mice, PPARβ agonist [4-[[[2-[3-Fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methyl-5-thiazolyl]methyl]thio]-2-methylphenoxy]acetic acid (GW0742)-treated mice AngII-infused mice, GW0742-treated AngII-infused mice, and AngII-infused mice treated with GW0742 plus PPARβ antagonist 3-[[[2-Methoxy-4-(phenylamino)phenyl]amino]sulfonyl]-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid methyl ester (GSK0660)) and were followed for 3 weeks. GW0742 prevented the increase in both arterial blood pressure and plasma noradrenaline levels and the higher reduction of blood pressure after ganglionic blockade, whereas it reduced the mesenteric arterial remodeling and the hyper-responsiveness to vasoconstrictors (AngII and endothelin-1) in AngII-infused mice. These effects were accompanied by an inhibition of NADPH oxidase expression and activity in the brain. Gene expression profiling revealed a marked loss of brainstem and vascular RGS5 in AngII-infused mice, which was restored by GW0742. GW0742-induced effects were abolished by GSK0660. Small interfering RNA targeting RGS5 caused augmented contractile response to AngII in resistance mesenteric arteries and blunted the inhibitory effect of GW0742 on this response. In conclusion, GW0742 exerted antihypertensive effects, restoring sympathetic tone and vascular structure and function in AngII-infused mice by PPARβ activation in brain and vessels inhibiting AngII signaling as a result of RGS5 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Rosario Jiménez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Marta Toral
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Elvira León-Gómez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Manuel Gómez-Gúzman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Manuel Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - María José Zarzuelo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Isabel Rodríguez-Gómez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Geraldine Rath
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Juan Tamargo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Francisco Pérez-Vizcaíno
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Chantal Dessy
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Juan Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
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