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Mahmoud MM, Hassan MM, Elsayed HES, Fares AE, Saber MM, Rashed LA, Abdelwahed OM. Protective effect of Galectin-3 inhibitor against cardiac remodelling in an isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in type 2 diabetes. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024:1-14. [PMID: 39101980 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2024.2387710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has the potential to impair cardiac function and cause heart failure. We aimed to study the cardioprotective influence of Galactin-3 (Gal-3) inhibitor; modified citrus pectin (MCP) in isoprenaline induced myocardial infarction (MI) in T2DM rats. Forty rats were allocated into 4 groups; groups I and II served as control. T2DM was provoked in groups III and IV by serving them high fat diet followed by a single low dose of Streptozotocin (STZ), then group IV were administered MCP in drinking water for 6 weeks. Groups III and IV were then subcutaneously injected isoprenaline hydrochloride once daily on the last 2 successive days to induce MI. MCP restored echocardiographic parameters with significant decline in Gal-3 area % in cardiac tissue alongside protection against cardiac remodelling. our data showed that there is a protective potential for Gal-3 inhibitor (MCP) against cardiac injury in isoprenaline induced MI in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mai Mohammed Hassan
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Amal E Fares
- Department of Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona M Saber
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laila Ahmed Rashed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Sesso J, Walston J, Bandeen-Roche K, Wu C, Bertoni AG, Shah S, Lima JAC, Ambale-Venkatesh B. Association of Cardiovascular Fibrosis, Remodeling, and Dysfunction With Frailty, Prefrailty, and Functional Performance: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae142. [PMID: 38795337 PMCID: PMC11200193 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is associated with higher incidence of frailty. However, the nature of the mechanisms underlying this association remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to identify cardiovascular phenotypes most associated with physical frailty and functional performance in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). METHODS As part of the MESA study, 3 045 participants underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance and computed tomography between 2010 and 2012. Of these, 1 743 completed a Six-Minute Walk test (6MWT) and questionnaires (follow-up exam: 2016-2018) which were used to generate a binary combined frail/prefrail versus robust score according to a modified FRAIL Scale (self-report questionnaire). Multivariable logistic (binary frail outcome) or linear (6MWT) regression assessed the association between frailty and cardiovascular structure and function, aortic stiffness, coronary artery calcium, and myocardial fibrosis (ECV, extracellular volume fraction). RESULTS Participants were 66 ± 8 years, 52% female at the time of imaging, and 29.4% were classified as frail or prefrail. Older age and female gender were associated with greater odds of being in the frail/prefrail group. Concentric left ventricular remodeling (odds ratio [OR] 1.89, p = .008; Coef. -52.9, p < .001), increased ECV (OR 1.10, p = .002; Coef. -4.0, p = .001), and worsening left atrial strain rate at early diastole (OR 1.56, p ≤ .001; Coef. -22.75, p = .027) were found to be associated with a greater likelihood of being in a frail state and lower 6MWT distance (m). All associations with 6MWT performance were attenuated with adjustments for risk factors whereas ECV and LA strain rate remained independently associated with frailty. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a significant overlap in pathways associated with subclinical cardiac dysfunction, cardiovascular fibrosis, and physical frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Sesso
- Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeremy Walston
- Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine & Gerontology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Karen Bandeen-Roche
- Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Colin Wu
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alain G Bertoni
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sanjiv Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joao A C Lima
- Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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3
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Palfrey HA, Kumar A, Pathak R, Stone KP, Gettys TW, Murthy SN. Adverse cardiac events of hypercholesterolemia are enhanced by sitagliptin in sprague dawley rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:54. [PMID: 39080769 PMCID: PMC11290187 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00817-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) affects millions worldwide and is the leading cause of death among non-communicable diseases. Western diets typically comprise of meat and dairy products, both of which are rich in cholesterol (Cho) and methionine (Met), two well-known compounds with atherogenic capabilities. Despite their individual effects, literature on a dietary combination of the two in the context of CVD are limited. Therefore, studies on the combined effects of Cho and Met were carried out using male Sprague Dawley rats. An additional interest was to investigate the cardioprotective potential of sitagliptin, an anti-type 2 diabetic drug. We hypothesized that feeding a dietary combination of Cho and Met would result in adverse cardiac effects and would be attenuated upon administration of sitagliptin. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a control (Con), high Met (1.5%), high Cho (2.0%), or high Met (1.5%) + high Cho (2.0%) diet for 35 days. They were orally gavaged with an aqueous preparation of sitagliptin (100 mg/kg/d) or vehicle (water) from day 10 through 35. On day 36, rats were euthanized, and tissues were collected for analysis. RESULTS Histopathological evaluation revealed a reduction in myocardial striations and increased collagen deposition in hypercholesterolemia (HChol), responses that became exacerbated upon sitagliptin administration. Cardiac pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic responses were adversely impacted in similar fashion. The addition of Met to Cho (MC) attenuated all adverse structural and biochemical responses, with or without sitagliptin. CONCLUSIONS Adverse cardiac outcomes in HChol were enhanced by the administration of sitagliptin, and such effects were alleviated by Met. Our findings could be significant for understanding or revisiting the risk-benefit evaluation of sitagliptin in type 2 diabetics, and especially those who are known to consume atherogenic diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry A Palfrey
- Environmental Toxicology Department, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Environmental Toxicology Department, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA
| | - Rashmi Pathak
- Environmental Toxicology Department, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA
| | - Kirsten P Stone
- Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Thomas W Gettys
- Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Subramanyam N Murthy
- Environmental Toxicology Department, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA.
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4
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Zhan D, Zhang N, Zhao L, Sun Z, Cang C. Inhibition of Hsp90 K284 Acetylation Aalleviates Cardiac Injury After Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s12265-024-10548-0. [PMID: 39046654 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-024-10548-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Our objective was to determine the role of acetyl-Hsp90 and its relationship with the NF-κB p65 signaling pathway in CVDs. We investigated the effect of acetyl-Hsp90 on cardiac inflammation and apoptosis after ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/RI). The results showed that the induction of acetyl-Hsp90 occurred in the heart during I/R and in primary cardiomyocytes during oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). Moreover, the nonacetylated mutant of Hsp90 (Hsp90-K284R), through the regulation of ATPase activities within its N-terminal domain (NTD), indirectly or directly increases its interaction with NF-κB p65. This led to a reduction in the activation of the NF-κB p65 pathway, thereby attenuating inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis, ultimately leading to an improvement in cardiac function. Furthermore, we demonstrated that recombinant human interleukin-37 (rIL-37) exerts a similar cardioprotective effect by reducing acetylation at K284 of Hsp90 after inhibiting the expression of KAT2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Zhan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No. 3, Taishun Street, Tiefeng District, Qiqihar, 161099, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No. 3, Taishun Street, Tiefeng District, Qiqihar, 161099, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No. 3, Taishun Street, Tiefeng District, Qiqihar, 161099, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhirui Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No. 3, Taishun Street, Tiefeng District, Qiqihar, 161099, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Chunyang Cang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No. 3, Taishun Street, Tiefeng District, Qiqihar, 161099, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China.
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5
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Palfrey HA, Kumar A, Pathak R, Stone KP, Gettys TW, Murthy SN. Adverse Cardiac Events of Hypercholesterolemia Are Enhanced by Sitagliptin Administration in Sprague Dawley Rats. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4075353. [PMID: 38562676 PMCID: PMC10984018 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4075353/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) affects millions worldwide and is the leading cause of death among non-communicable diseases. Western diets typically comprise of meat and dairy products, both of which are rich in cholesterol (Cho) and methionine (Met), two well-known compounds with atherogenic capabilities. Despite their individual effects, literature on a dietary combination of the two in the context of CVD are limited. An additional interest was to investigate the cardioprotective potential of sitagliptin, an anti-type 2 diabetic drug. Thus, we hypothesized that atherogenic feeding would result in adverse cardiac effects and would attenuate upon sitagliptin administration. Methods Six-week-old adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a control (Con), high Met (1.5%), high Cho (2.0%), or high Met (1.5%) + high Cho (2.0%) diet for 35 days. They were orally gavaged with vehicle (water) or sitagliptin (100 mg/kg/d) from day 10 through 35. On day 36, rats were euthanized, and tissues were collected for analysis. Results Histopathological evaluation revealed a reduction in myocardial striations and increased collagen deposition in hypercholesterolemia (HChol), responses that became exacerbated upon sitagliptin administration. Cardiac pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic responses were adversely impacted in similar fashion. The addition of Met to Cho (MC) attenuated all adverse structural and biochemical responses, with or without sitagliptin. Conclusion Adverse cardiac outcomes in HChol were enhanced with sitagliptin administration and such effects were alleviated by Met. Our findings could be significant for understanding the risk-benefit of sitagliptin in type 2 diabetics who are known to consume atherogenic diets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
| | - Rashmi Pathak
- Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
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Grymyr LMD, Mellgren G, McCann A, Gerdts E, Meyer K, Nadirpour S, Fernø J, Nedrebø BG, Cramariuc D. Preoperative risk factors associated with left ventricular dysfunction after bariatric surgery. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2173. [PMID: 38273044 PMCID: PMC10810803 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52623-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A large proportion of patients with severe obesity remain with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction after bariatric surgery. We assessed whether preoperative evaluation by echocardiography and inflammatory proteins can identify this high-risk group. In the Bariatric Surgery on the West Coast of Norway study, 75 patients (44 ± 10 years, body mass index [BMI] 41.5 ± 4.7 kg/m2) were prospectively evaluated by echocardiography and inflammatory proteins (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP], serum amyloid A [SAA] and calprotectin) before and one year after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. LV mechanics was assessed by the midwall shortening (MWS) and global longitudinal strain (GLS). Bariatric surgery improved BMI and GLS, and lowered hsCRP, calprotectin and SAA (p < 0.05). MWS remained unchanged and 35% of patients had impaired MWS at 1-year follow-up. A preoperative risk index including sex, hypertension, ejection fraction (EF) and high hsCRP (index 1) or SAA (index 2) predicted low 1-year MWS with 81% sensitivity/71% specificity (index 1), and 77% sensitivity/77% specificity (index 2) in ROC analyses (AUC 0.80 and 0.79, p < 0.001). Among individuals with severe obesity, women and patients with hypertension, increased serum levels of inflammatory proteins and reduced EF are at high risk of impaired LV midwall mechanics 1 year after bariatric surgery.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01533142 February 15, 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M D Grymyr
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Liesvei 65, 5021, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Eva Gerdts
- Center for Research on Cardiac Disease in Women, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Saied Nadirpour
- Department of Medicine, Haugesund Hospital, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Johan Fernø
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn G Nedrebø
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haugesund Hospital, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Dana Cramariuc
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Liesvei 65, 5021, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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7
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Chehab O, Abdollahi A, Whelton SP, Wu CO, Ambale-Venkatesh B, Post WS, Bluemke DA, Tsai MY, Lima JAC. Association of Lipoprotein(a) Levels With Myocardial Fibrosis in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023; 82:2280-2291. [PMID: 38057070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) has been identified as an emerging risk factor for adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes, including heart failure. However, the connections among Lp(a), myocardial fibrosis (interstitial and replacement), and cardiac remodeling as pathways to CV diseases remains unclear. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the relationship between Lp(a) levels and myocardial fibrosis by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) T1 mapping and late gadolinium enhancement, as well as cardiac remodeling by cine CMR, in the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) cohort. METHODS The study included 2,040 participants with baseline Lp(a) measurements and T1 mapping for interstitial myocardial fibrosis (IMF) evaluation in 2010. Lp(a) was analyzed as a continuous variable (per log unit) and using clinical cutoff values of 30 and 50 mg/dL. Multivariate linear and logistic regression were used to assess the associations of Lp(a) with CMR measures of extracellular volume (ECV fraction [ECV%]), native T1 time, and myocardial scar, as well as parameters of cardiac remodeling, in 2,826 participants. RESULTS Higher Lp(a) levels were associated with increased ECV% (per log-unit Lp[a]; β = 0.2%; P = 0.007) and native T1 time (per log-unit Lp[a]; β = 4%; P < 0.001). Similar relationships were observed between elevated Lp(a) levels and a higher risk of clinically significant IMF defined by prognostic thresholds per log-unit Lp(a) of ECV% (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.04-1.43) and native T1 (OR: 1.2; 95% CI: 1.1-1.4) equal to 30% and 955 ms, respectively. Clinically used Lp(a) cutoffs (30 and 50 mg/dL) were associated with greater prevalence of myocardial scar (OR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.1-3.2 and OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.1-3.4, respectively). Finally, higher Lp(a) levels were associated with left atrial enlargement and dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Elevated Lp(a) levels are linked to greater subclinical IMF, increased myocardial scar prevalence, and left atrial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Chehab
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashkan Abdollahi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Seamus P Whelton
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Colin O Wu
- Office of Biostatistics Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Wendy S Post
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David A Bluemke
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Heath, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael Y Tsai
- Department of Pathology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul-Minneapolis, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - João A C Lima
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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8
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Chehab O, Zeitoun R, Varadarajan V, Wu C, Bluemke DA, Post WS, Michos ED, Lima JA. Reproductive Factors Linked With Myocardial Fibrosis: MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). JACC. ADVANCES 2023; 2:100703. [PMID: 38938498 PMCID: PMC11198357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2023.100703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Background Recent evidence has shown that reproductive factors are associated with an increased risk of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in women. However, the pathogenic pathways underlying this relationship are unclear. Subclinical myocardial fibrosis has been found to be a common pathway in a large proportion of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Objectives This study examined the relationship between vital reproductive factors (parity, pregnancy, age at menopause, and use of hormone replacement therapy [HRT]) with interstitial myocardial fibrosis (IMF) and myocardial scar measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) T1 mapping and late gadolinium enhancement, respectively. Methods There were 596 female participants (mean age 67 ± 8 years) enrolled in MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) who had complete parity data and underwent CMR. Parity was categorized as 0 live births, 1 to 2, 3 to 4, and ≥5 live births. Multivariable regression models were constructed to assess the associations of parity status, history of null gravidity, age at menopause and HRT with CMR obtained measures of IMF (extracellular volume [ECV], native-T1 time) and myocardial scar. Results Women with a history of nulliparity had greater ECV% (β = 0.95 ± 0.28, P = 0.001) and native-T1 ms (β = 10.6 ± 4.9, P = 0.03) than those who had 1 to 2 live births. These associations were independent of age, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and interim cardiovascular events. Similar associations were found for women with a history of null gravidity compared to those with a history of pregnancy (ECV% [β = 0.7 ± 0.3, P = 0.02] and native-T1 ms [β = 10.6 ± 5.2, P = 0.04]). There was no association between age at menopause and HRT with markers of IMF. There were no associations between parity status, null gravidity, and age of menopause with the presence of myocardial scar; however, those who used HRT were independently associated with a lesser risk of myocardial scar (OR: 0.20; 95% CI: 0.05-0.82). Conclusions In a multiethnic cohort, women with a history of nulliparity or null gravidity had greater IMF defined by CMR, while those who used HRT were less likely to have myocardial scar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Chehab
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ralph Zeitoun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vinithra Varadarajan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Colin Wu
- Office of Biostatistics Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David A. Bluemke
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Wendy S. Post
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Erin D. Michos
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joao A.C. Lima
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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9
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Swamynathan R, Varadarajan V, Nguyen H, Wu CO, Liu K, Bluemke DA, Kachenoura N, Redheuil A, Lima JAC, Ambale-Venkatesh B. Association between Biomarkers of Inflammation and 10-Year Changes in Aortic Stiffness: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5062. [PMID: 37568463 PMCID: PMC10419470 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12155062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Chronic inflammation is associated with incident cardiovascular events. We study the association between biomarkers of inflammation and subclinical vascular dysfunction measured as proximal aortic stiffness. Methods. MRI imaging was performed in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) at baseline (2000) and at the 10-year follow-up. Aortic arch pulse wave velocity (PWV) and ascending and descending aorta distensibility (AAD, DAD) were measured in 1223 asymptomatic individuals at both exams. Linear regression was used to study the association of baseline inflammation-C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL6), and fibrinogen (Fib)-with baseline and 10-year changes in aortic stiffness (PWV, AAD, DAD). Results. The mean age of the participants was 59 ± 9 years, 47.8% of them were men, 32.6% were hypertensive at baseline, and 7.6% were diabetic. At baseline and follow-up, the mean AAD values were, respectively, 1.73 × 10-3 mmHg-1 and 1.57 × 10-3 mmHg-1, the mean DAD values were 2.19 × 10-3 mmHg-1 and 1.99 × 10-3 mmHg-1, and the mean PWV values were 8.10 m/s and 8.99 m/s. At baseline, the AAD (in 10-3 mmHg-1) and DAD (in 10-3 mmHg-1) were inversely associated with CRP (in mg/L) (AAD coeff: -0.047, p-value: 0.011, DAD coeff: -0.068, p-value: <0.001) and IL6 (in pg/mL) (AAD coeff: -0.098, p-value: 0.003, DAD coeff: -0.14, p-value: <0.001) in a univariable analysis but not after adjustment for demographic variables or cardiovascular risk factors. The baseline DAD was inversely associated with Fib (in mg/dL) (coeff: -0.334, p-value: 0.001). The baseline PWV (in m/s) was positively associated with IL6 (in pg/mL) in a univariable analysis (coeff: 0.054, p-value: 0.014). In a longitudinal analysis, the 10-year changes in DAD were inversely associated with CRP, even after adjustment for demographics and risk factors (DAD coeff: -0.08, p-value 0.044). Conclusions. Higher CRP levels at baseline were independently associated with a 10-year increase in aortic stiffness, measured as decreased aortic distensibility.
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Grants
- 75N92020D00005 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC95160 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC95163 NHLBI NIH HHS
- UL1 TR001079 NCATS NIH HHS
- N01HC95164 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC95165 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC95159 NHLBI NIH HHS
- 75N92020D00007 NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201500003I NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC95167 NHLBI NIH HHS
- UL1 TR000040 NCATS NIH HHS
- 75N92020D00002 NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201500003C NHLBI NIH HHS
- 75N92020D00001 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC95169 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC95162 NHLBI NIH HHS
- 75N92020D00003 NHLBI NIH HHS
- 75N92020D00001, HHSN268201500003I, N01-HC-95159, 75N92020D00005, N01-HC-95160, 75N92020D00002, N01-HC-95161, 75N92020D00003, N01-HC-95162, 75N92020D00006, N01-HC-95163, 75N92020D00004, N01-HC-95164, 75N92020D00007, N01-HC-95165, N01-HC-95166, N01-HC-95167 NIH HHS
- N01HC95168 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC95161 NHLBI NIH HHS
- UL1 TR001420 NCATS NIH HHS
- 75N92020D00004 NHLBI NIH HHS
- 75N92020D00006 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC95166 NHLBI NIH HHS
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Affiliation(s)
- Rithvik Swamynathan
- Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Vinithra Varadarajan
- Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Hieu Nguyen
- Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Colin O. Wu
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kiang Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60622, USA
| | - David A. Bluemke
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Nadjia Kachenoura
- CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France (A.R.)
| | - Alban Redheuil
- CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France (A.R.)
- Imagerie Cardiovasculaire et Thoracique, Institut de Cardiologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière APHP, 75013 Paris, France
| | - João A. C. Lima
- Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Farag A, Mandour AS, Kaneda M, Elfadadny A, Elhaieg A, Shimada K, Tanaka R. Effect of trehalose on heart functions in rats model after myocardial infarction: assessment of novel intraventricular pressure and heart rate variability. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1182628. [PMID: 37469485 PMCID: PMC10353053 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1182628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial infarctions remain a leading cause of global deaths. Developing novel drugs to target cardiac remodeling after myocardial injury is challenging. There is an increasing interest in exploring natural cardioprotective agents and non-invasive tools like intraventricular pressure gradients (IVPG) and heart rate variability (HRV) analysis in myocardial infarctions. Trehalose (TRE), a natural disaccharide, shows promise in treating atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and neurodegenerative disorders. Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of TRE in improving cardiac functions measured by IVPG and HRV and reducing myocardial remodeling following myocardial infarction in rat model. Methods Rats were divided into three groups: sham, myocardial infarction (MI), and trehalose-treated MI (TRE) groups. The animals in the MI and TRE groups underwent permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery. The TRE group received 2% trehalose in their drinking water for four weeks after the surgery. At the end of the experiment, heart function was assessed using conventional echocardiography, novel color M-mode echocardiography for IVPG evaluation, and HRV analysis. After euthanasia, gross image scoring, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative real-time PCR were performed to evaluate inflammatory reactions, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Results The MI group exhibited significantly lower values in multiple IVPG parameters. In contrast, TRE administration showed an ameliorative effect on IVPG changes, with results comparable to the sham group. Additionally, TRE improved HRV parameters, mitigated morphological changes induced by myocardial infarction, reduced histological alterations in wall mass, and suppressed inflammatory reactions within the infarcted heart tissues. Furthermore, TRE demonstrated antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-fibrotic properties. Conclusion The investigation into the effect of trehalose on a myocardial infarction rat model has yielded promising outcomes, as evidenced by improvements observed through conventional echocardiography, histological analysis, and immunohistochemical analysis. While minor trends were noticed in IVPG and HRV measurements. However, our findings offer valuable insights and demonstrate a correlation between IVPG, HRV, and other traditional markers of echo assessment in the myocardial infarction vs. sham groups. This alignment suggests the potential of IVPG and HRV as additional indicators for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Farag
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S. Mandour
- Department of Animal Medicine (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Masahiro Kaneda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Division of Animal Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ahmed Elfadadny
- Department of Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Damanhur El-Beheira, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Elhaieg
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Kazumi Shimada
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
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11
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Chen S, Sun X, Jin J, Zhou G, Li Z. Association between inflammatory markers and bone mineral density: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2007-2010. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:305. [PMID: 37069682 PMCID: PMC10108543 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03795-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are acknowledged as novel inflammatory markers. However, studies investigating the correlation between inflammatory markers and osteoporosis (OP) remain scarce. We aimed to investigate the relationship between NLR, MLR, PLR and bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS A total of 9054 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included in the study. MLR, NLR and PLR were calculated for each patient based on routine blood tests. Given the complex study design and sample weights, the relationship between inflammatory markers and BMD was evaluated through weighted multivariable-adjusted logistic regression and smooth curve fittings. In addition, several subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the outcomes. RESULTS This study observed no significant relationship between MLR and lumbar spine BMD (P = 0.604). However, NLR was positively correlated with lumbar spine BMD (β = 0.004, 95% CI: 0.001 to 0.006, P = 0.001) and PLR was negatively linked to lumbar spine BMD (β = - 0.001, 95% CI: - 0.001 to - 0.000, P = 0.002) after accounting for covariates. When bone density measurements were changed to the total femur and femoral neck, PLR was still significantly positively correlated with total femur (β = - 0.001, 95% CI: - 0.001, - 0.000, P = 0.001) and femoral neck BMD (β = - 0.001, 95% CI: - 0.002, - 0.001, P < 0.001). After converting PLR to a categorical variable (quartiles), participants in the highest PLR quartile had a 0.011/cm2 lower BMD than those in the lowest PLR quartile (β = - 0.011, 95% CI: - 0.019, - 0.004, P = 0.005). According to subgroup analyses stratified by gender and age, the negative correlation with PLR and lumbar spine BMD remained in males and age < 18 groups, but not in female and other age groups. CONCLUSIONS NLR and PLR were positively and negatively correlated with lumbar BMD, respectively. And PLR might serve as a potential inflammatory predictor of osteoporosis outperforming MLR and NLR. The complex correlation between the inflammation markers and bone metabolism requires further evaluation in large prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.23, Nanhu Road, Jianye District, Nanjing, 210017, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohe Sun
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.23, Nanhu Road, Jianye District, Nanjing, 210017, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guowei Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.155, Hanzhong Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.23, Nanhu Road, Jianye District, Nanjing, 210017, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Zhang C, Zeng S, Ji W, Li Z, Sun H, Teng T, Yu Y, Zhou X, Yang Q. Synergistic role of circulating CD14++CD16+ monocytes and fibrinogen in predicting the cardiovascular events after myocardial infarction. Clin Cardiol 2023; 46:521-528. [PMID: 36946389 DOI: 10.1002/clc.24005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monocytes and fibrinogen (FIB) play important roles in driving acute and reparative inflammatory pathways after myocardial infarction (MI). In humans, there are three subsets of monocytes, namely, CD14++CD16- (Mon1), CD14++CD16+ (Mon2), and CD14+CD16++ (Mon3). During the inflammatory response, monocyte subsets express high levels of integrin αM β2 and protease-activated receptors 1 and 3 to interact with FIB. HYPOTHESIS However, whether there is a synergistic role of FIB combined with Mon2 counts in prioritizing patients at high risk of future major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) after MI remains unknown. METHODS The MI patients who treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention were enrolled. MI patients were categorized into four groups, that is, low FIB/low Mon2, low FIB/high Mon2, high FIB/low Mon2, and high FIB/high Mon2, according to cutoff values of 3.28 g/L for FIB and 32.20 cells/μL for Mon2. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the risk of MACEs of MI patients during a median follow-up of 2.7 years. Mediating effects of high FIB levels and MACEs associated with high monocyte subsets were calculated by mediation analysis. RESULTS High FIB/high Mon2 group had the highest risk of MACEs during a median follow-up of 2.7 years. Moreover, mediation analysis showed that a high FIB level could explain 24.9% (p < .05) of the increased risk of MACEs associated with Mon2. CONCLUSION This work provides evidence indicating the translational potential of a synergistic role of FIB combined with Mon2 in prioritizing patients at high risk of future MACEs after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shan Zeng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjie Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Haonan Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianming Teng
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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13
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Doughan M, Chehab O, de Vasconcellos HD, Zeitoun R, Varadarajan V, Doughan B, Wu CO, Blaha MJ, Bluemke DA, Lima JAC. Periodontal Disease Associated With Interstitial Myocardial Fibrosis: The Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e8146. [PMID: 36718872 PMCID: PMC9973639 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.027974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease common among adults. It has been suggested that periodontal disease (PD) may be a contributing risk factor for cardiovascular disease; however, pathways underlying such a relationship require further investigation. Methods and Results A total of 665 men (mean age 68±9 years) and 611 women (mean age 67±9 years) enrolled in the MESA (Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) underwent PD assessment using a 2-item questionnaire at baseline (2000-2002) and had cardiovascular magnetic resonance 10 years later. PD was defined when participants reported either a history of periodontitis or gum disease or lost teeth caused by periodontitis or gum disease. Multivariable linear regression models were constructed to assess the associations of baseline self-reported PD with cardiovascular magnetic resonance-obtained measures of interstitial myocardial fibrosis (IMF), including extracellular volume and native T1 time. Men with a self-reported history of PD had greater extracellular volume percent (ß=0.6%±0.2, P=0.01). This association was independent of age, left ventricular mass, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and history of myocardial infarction. In a subsequent model, substituting myocardial infarction for coronary artery calcium score, the association of PD with IMF remained significant (ß=0.6%±0.3, P=0.03). In women, a self-reported history of PD was not linked to higher IMF. Importantly, a self-reported history of PD was not found to be associated with myocardial scar independent of sex (odds ratio, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.62-1.65]; P=0.9). Conclusions In a community-based setting, men but not women with a self-reported PD history at baseline were found to be associated with increased measures of IMF. These findings support a plausible link between PD, a proinflammatory condition, and subclinical IMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Doughan
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of DentistryUniversity of MarylandBaltimoreMD
| | - Omar Chehab
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD
| | | | - Ralph Zeitoun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD
| | - Vinithra Varadarajan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD
| | - Bassel Doughan
- Faculty of Dental SurgeryCôte d’Azur UniversityNiceFrance
| | - Colin O. Wu
- Office of Biostatistics Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD
| | - Michael J Blaha
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD
| | - David A. Bluemke
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HeathMadisonWI
| | - Joao A. C. Lima
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD
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14
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Peterson TE, Landon C, Haberlen SA, Bhondoekhan F, Plankey MW, Palella FJ, Piggott DA, Margolick JB, Brown TT, Post WS, Wu KC. Circulating biomarker correlates of left atrial size and myocardial extracellular volume fraction among persons living with and without HIV. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:393. [PMID: 36057773 PMCID: PMC9441072 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02835-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with higher risk for myocardial disease despite modern combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Factors contributing to this excess risk, however, remain poorly characterized. We aimed to assess cross-sectional relationships between elevations of left atrial volume index (LAVI) and myocardial extracellular volume (ECV) fraction that have been reported in persons living with HIV and levels of circulating biomarkers of inflammation, fibrosis, and myocyte stretch among persons living with and without HIV (PLWH, PLWOH). METHODS Participants from three cohorts of PLWH and PLWOH underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging for measurement of LAVI and ECV. Levels of circulating proteins (IL-6, sCD14, galectin-3, NT-proBNP, GDF-15, TIMP-2, MMP-2, and hsTnI) were measured using immunoassays. Associations were assessed using logistic and linear regression, adjusting for demographics, substance use, and clinical characteristics. RESULTS Among 381 participants with and without HIV, median age (IQR) was 55.1 (51.2, 58.4) years, 28% were female, 69% were Black, and 46% were current smokers. Sixty-two percent were PLWH (n = 235), of whom 88% were receiving cART and 72% were virally suppressed. PLWH had higher levels of sCD14 (p = < 0.001), GDF-15 (p = < 0.001), and NT-proBNP (p = 0.03) compared to PLWOH, while levels of other biomarkers did not differ by HIV serostatus, including IL-6 (p = 0.84). Among PLWH, higher sCD14, GDF-15, and NT-proBNP were also associated with lower CD4 + cell count, and higher NT-proBNP was associated with detectable HIV viral load. NT-proBNP was associated with elevated LAVI (OR: 1.79 [95% CI: 1.31, 2.44]; p < 0.001) with no evidence of effect measure modification by HIV serostatus. Other associations between HIV-associated biomarkers and LAVI or ECV were small or imprecise. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that elevated levels of sCD14, GDF-15, and NT-proBNP among PLWH compared to PLWOH observed in the current cART era may only minimally reflect HIV-associated elevations in LAVI and ECV. Future studies of excess risk of myocardial disease among contemporary cohorts of PLWH should investigate mechanisms other than those connoted by the studied biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess E. Peterson
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Christian Landon
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Sabina A. Haberlen
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Fiona Bhondoekhan
- grid.40263.330000 0004 1936 9094Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI USA
| | - Michael W. Plankey
- grid.411667.30000 0001 2186 0438Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC USA
| | - Frank J. Palella
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Damani A. Piggott
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Joseph B. Margolick
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Todd T. Brown
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Wendy S. Post
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Katherine C. Wu
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
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15
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Jerosch-Herold M, Petersen SE. Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Tissue Characterization by T1 and T2 Mapping: A Moving Target in Need of Stable References. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2022; 15:e014743. [PMID: 36126129 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.122.014743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Jerosch-Herold
- Cardiovascular Imaging Section, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.J.H.)
| | - Steffen E Petersen
- William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom (S.E.P.).,Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, West Smithfield, EC1A 7BE, London, United Kingdom (S.E.P.)
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16
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Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Detects Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy in Symptomatic Patients with Inflammatory Joint Diseases and a Normal Routine Workup. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051428. [PMID: 35268519 PMCID: PMC8911388 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Patients with inflammatory joint diseases (IJD) are more likely to develop cardiovascular disease compared with the general population. We hypothesized that cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) could identify cardiac abnormalities in patients with IJD and atypical symptoms unexplained by routine clinical evaluation. Patients-Methods. A total of 51 consecutive patients with IJD (32 with rheumatoid arthritis, 10 with ankylosing spondylitis, and 9 with psoriatic arthritis) and normal clinical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic workups, were referred for CMR evaluation due to atypical chest pain, shortness of breath, and/or palpitations. Their CMR findings were compared with those of 40 non-IJD controls who were referred for the same reason. All participants were examined using either a 1.5 T or 3.0 T CMR system. For T1/T2 mapping, comparisons were performed separately for each field strength. Results. Biventricular systolic function was similar between groups. In total, 25 (49%) patients with IJD vs. 0 (0%) controls had replacement-type myocardial fibrosis (p < 0.001). The T2 signal ratio, early/late gadolinium enhancement, and extracellular volume fraction were significantly higher in the IJD group. Native T1 mapping was significantly higher in patients with IJD independent of the MRI field strength (p < 0.001 for both). T2 mapping was significantly higher in patients with IJD compared with controls only in those examined using a 1.5 T MR system—52.0 (50.0, 55.0) vs. 37.0 (33.5, 39.5), p < 0.001. Conclusions. In patients with IJD and a mismatch between cardiac symptoms and routine non-invasive evaluation, CMR uniquely identified a significant proportion of patients with myocardial inflammation. A CMR examination should be considered in patients with IJD in similar clinical settings.
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Han J, Hou J, Liu Y, Liu P, Zhao T, Wang X. Using Network Pharmacology to Explore the Mechanism of Panax notoginseng in the Treatment of Myocardial Fibrosis. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:8895950. [PMID: 35372585 PMCID: PMC8975676 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8895950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanism of Panax notoginseng in treating myocardial fibrosis (MF) was investigated using network pharmacology. METHODS Effective ingredients and potential targets of Panax notoginseng were screened in relevant databases to construct a compound-target network. Targets of MF were then screened to select common targets and construct a protein-protein interaction network. This was followed by Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analyses. Molecular docking then verified the results of network analysis. RESULTS A total of 14 effective ingredients and 119 potential targets for MF were predicted. Quercetin, beta-sitosterol, and gossypetin were speculated to be the main active ingredients. The mechanism of action may be related to AGE-RAGE, proteoglycans, and IL-17 signaling pathways. Five key targets (IL6, ALB, AKT1, TNF, and VEGFA) may be involved in the treatment of MF using Panax notoginseng. CONCLUSIONS This study embodies the complex network relationship of multicomponents, multitargets, and multipathways of Panax notoginseng in treating MF and provides a novel method for further research on this herb's mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxue Han
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Jingyi Hou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Harbin 150036, China
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18
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Shen J, Ma H, Wang C. Triptolide improves myocardial fibrosis in rats through inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome pathway. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 25:533-543. [PMID: 34697264 PMCID: PMC8552823 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2021.25.6.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis (MF) is the result of persistent and repeated aggravation of myocardial ischemia and hypoxia, leading to the gradual development of heart failure of chronic ischemic heart disease. Triptolide (TPL) is identified to be involved in the treatment for MF. This study aims to explore the mechanism of TPL in the treatment of MF. The MF rat model was established, subcutaneously injected with isoproterenol and treated by subcutaneous injection of TPL. The cardiac function of each group was evaluated, including LVEF, LVFS, LVES, and LVED. The expressions of ANP, BNP, inflammatory related factors (IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α, MCP-1, VCAM-1), NLRP3 inflammasome factors (NLRP3, ASC) and fibrosis related factors (TGF-β1, COL1, and COL3) in rats were dete cted. H&E staining and Masson staining were used to observe myocardial cell inflammation and fibrosis of rats. Western blot was used to detect the p-P65 and t-P65 levels in nucleoprotein of rat myocardial tissues. LVED and LVES of MF group were significantly upregulated, LVEF and LVFS were significantly downregulated, while TPL treatment reversed these trends; TPL treatment downregulated the tissue injury and improved the pathological damage of MF rats. TPL treatment downregulated the levels of inflammatory factors and fibrosis factors, and inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome or NF-κB pathway reversed the effect of TPL on MF. Collectively, TPL inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by inhibiting NF-κB pathway, and improved MF in MF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyao Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital Affiliated to Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312030, China
| | - Hailiang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital Affiliated to Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312030, China
| | - Chaoquan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital Affiliated to Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312030, China
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Sofias AM, De Lorenzi F, Peña Q, Azadkhah Shalmani A, Vucur M, Wang JW, Kiessling F, Shi Y, Consolino L, Storm G, Lammers T. Therapeutic and diagnostic targeting of fibrosis in metabolic, proliferative and viral disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113831. [PMID: 34139255 PMCID: PMC7611899 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common denominator in many pathologies and crucially affects disease progression, drug delivery efficiency and therapy outcome. We here summarize therapeutic and diagnostic strategies for fibrosis targeting in atherosclerosis and cardiac disease, cancer, diabetes, liver diseases and viral infections. We address various anti-fibrotic targets, ranging from cells and genes to metabolites and proteins, primarily focusing on fibrosis-promoting features that are conserved among the different diseases. We discuss how anti-fibrotic therapies have progressed over the years, and how nanomedicine formulations can potentiate anti-fibrotic treatment efficacy. From a diagnostic point of view, we discuss how medical imaging can be employed to facilitate the diagnosis, staging and treatment monitoring of fibrotic disorders. Altogether, this comprehensive overview serves as a basis for developing individualized and improved treatment strategies for patients suffering from fibrosis-associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Marios Sofias
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Mildred Scheel School of Oncology (MSSO), Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO(ABCD)), University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Federica De Lorenzi
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Quim Peña
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Armin Azadkhah Shalmani
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mihael Vucur
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty at Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lorena Consolino
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.
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20
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Shabani M, Bakhshi H, Ostovaneh MR, Ma X, Wu CO, Ambale-Venkatesh B, Blaha MJ, Allison MA, Budoff MJ, Cushman M, Tracy RP, Herrington DM, Szklo M, Cox C, Bluemke DA, Lima JAC. Temporal change in inflammatory biomarkers and risk of cardiovascular events: the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 8:3769-3782. [PMID: 34240828 PMCID: PMC8497383 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Little is known about the association of temporal changes in inflammatory biomarkers and the risk of death and cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to evaluate the association between temporal changes in C‐reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and risk of heart failure (HF), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and all‐cause mortality in individuals without a history of prior CVD. Methods and results Participants from the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort with repeated measures of inflammatory biomarkers and no CVD event prior to the second measure were included. Quantitative measures, annual change, and biomarker change categories were used as main predictors in Cox proportional hazard models stratified based on sex and statin use. A total of 2258 subjects (50.6% female, mean age of 62 years) were studied over an average of 8.1 years of follow‐up. The median annual decrease in CRP levels was 0.08 mg/L. Fibrinogen and IL‐6 levels increased by a median of 30 mg/dL and 0.24 pg/mL annually. Temporal changes in CRP were positively associated with HF risk among females (HR: 1.18 per each standard deviation increase, P < 0.001) and other CVD in both female (HR: 1.12, P = 0.004) and male participants (HR: 1.24, P = 0.003). The association of CRP change with HF and other CVD was consistently observed in statin users (HR: 1.23 per SD increase, P = 0.001 for HF and HR: 1.19 per SD increase, P < 0.001 for other CVD). There were no significant associations between temporal changes of fibrinogen or IL‐6 with HF or other CVD. Men with sustained high values of IL‐6 had a 2.3‐fold higher risk of all‐cause mortality (P < 0.001) compared with those with sustained low values. Conclusions Temporal change in CRP is associated with HF only in women and statin users, and other CVD in both women and men, and statin users. Annual changes in fibrinogen and IL‐6 were not predictive of cardiovascular outcomes in either sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsima Shabani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287-0409, USA.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hooman Bakhshi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287-0409, USA.,Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Mohammad R Ostovaneh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287-0409, USA.,Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Ma
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Biomathematics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Colin O Wu
- Office of Biostatistics Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Michael J Blaha
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287-0409, USA
| | - Matthew A Allison
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Mary Cushman
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Colchester, VT, USA
| | - David M Herrington
- Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Moyses Szklo
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher Cox
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David A Bluemke
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - João A C Lima
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287-0409, USA
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21
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Afshar-Oromieh A, Prosch H, Schaefer-Prokop C, Bohn KP, Alberts I, Mingels C, Thurnher M, Cumming P, Shi K, Peters A, Geleff S, Lan X, Wang F, Huber A, Gräni C, Heverhagen JT, Rominger A, Fontanellaz M, Schöder H, Christe A, Mougiakakou S, Ebner L. A comprehensive review of imaging findings in COVID-19 - status in early 2021. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:2500-2524. [PMID: 33932183 PMCID: PMC8087891 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05375-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Medical imaging methods are assuming a greater role in the workup of patients with COVID-19, mainly in relation to the primary manifestation of pulmonary disease and the tissue distribution of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme 2 (ACE 2) receptor. However, the field is so new that no consensus view has emerged guiding clinical decisions to employ imaging procedures such as radiography, computer tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetic resonance imaging, and in what measure the risk of exposure of staff to possible infection could be justified by the knowledge gained. The insensitivity of current RT-PCR methods for positive diagnosis is part of the rationale for resorting to imaging procedures. While CT is more sensitive than genetic testing in hospitalized patients, positive findings of ground glass opacities depend on the disease stage. There is sparse reporting on PET/CT with [18F]-FDG in COVID-19, but available results are congruent with the earlier literature on viral pneumonias. There is a high incidence of cerebral findings in COVID-19, and likewise evidence of gastrointestinal involvement. Artificial intelligence, notably machine learning is emerging as an effective method for diagnostic image analysis, with performance in the discriminative diagnosis of diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia comparable to that of human practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Afshar-Oromieh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstr. 18, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Helmut Prosch
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cornelia Schaefer-Prokop
- Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Karl Peter Bohn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstr. 18, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ian Alberts
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstr. 18, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Clemens Mingels
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstr. 18, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Majda Thurnher
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Cumming
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstr. 18, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kuangyu Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstr. 18, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alan Peters
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Silvana Geleff
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaoli Lan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Adrian Huber
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Gräni
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Johannes T Heverhagen
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Axel Rominger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstr. 18, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Fontanellaz
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Heiko Schöder
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andreas Christe
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stavroula Mougiakakou
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Ebner
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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22
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Stacey RB, Hundley WG. Integrating Measures of Myocardial Fibrosis in the Transition from Hypertensive Heart Disease to Heart Failure. Curr Hypertens Rep 2021; 23:22. [PMID: 33881630 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-021-01135-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to summarize recent developments in identifying and quantifying both the presence and amount of myocardial fibrosis by imaging and biomarkers. Further, this review seeks to describe in general ways how this information may be used to identify hypertension and the transition to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging highlight the progressive nature of fibrosis from normal individuals to those with hypertension to those with clinical heart failure. However, separating hypertensive patients from those with heart failure remains challenging. Recent studies involving echocardiography show the subclinical myocardial strain changes between hypertensive heart disease and heart failure. Lastly, recent studies highlight the potential use of biomarkers to identify those with hypertension at the greatest risk of developing heart failure. In light of the heterogeneous nature between hypertension and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, an integrated approach with cardiac imaging and biomarker analysis may enable clinicians and investigators to more accurately characterize, prevent, and treat heart failure in those with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Brandon Stacey
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Watlington Hall, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1045, USA.
| | - W Gregory Hundley
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Watlington Hall, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1045, USA.,Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
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23
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Brief Report: Adiponectin Levels Linked to Subclinical Myocardial Fibrosis in HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2021; 85:316-319. [PMID: 32639276 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons living with HIV (PLWH) are at an increased risk of myocardial dysfunction and metabolic disturbances represent one of several potential contributing factors. Adiponectin is an adipokine that enhances insulin sensitivity with potential cardioprotective effects. We therefore investigated the relationship between myocardial fibrosis, adiponectin, and related metabolic parameters to better understand the pathophysiologic mechanisms of myocardial injury in PLWH. METHODS This is a prospective, cross-sectional study of PLWH without known cardiovascular disease (n = 87) and 28 healthy matched controls. Diffuse myocardial fibrosis and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) were evaluated using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and cardiac computed tomography. RESULTS Myocardial fibrosis was increased in PLWH and was correlated with adiponectin (r = 0.26, P = 0.004) and EAT (r = -0.42, P < 0.0001). Myocardial fibrosis was not associated with smoking pack years or CD4/CD8 ratio. In multivariate analysis that included body mass index, HIV status (P = 0.04), female sex (P < 0.0001), higher adiponectin (P = 0.046) and lower EAT (P = 0.01) were independently associated with myocardial fibrosis. CONCLUSION We describe a novel association between serum adiponectin and subclinical intramyocardial fibrosis, as well as a significant inverse relationship between intramyocardial fibrosis and EAT. Adiponectin may represent a target for preventing myocardial injury in the future; however, our findings reflect the complexity of the metabolic interactions of adiponectin and epicardial adipose as factors associated with the myocardial architecture.
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24
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Zhao L, Li S, Zhang C, Tian J, Lu A, Bai R, An J, Greiser A, Huang J, Ma X. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance-determined left ventricular myocardium impairment is associated with C-reactive protein and ST2 in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2021; 23:30. [PMID: 33745456 PMCID: PMC7983280 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-021-00732-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial strain assessed with cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) feature tracking can detect early left ventricular (LV) myocardial deformation quantitatively in patients with a variety of cardiovascular diseases, but this method has not yet been applied to quantify myocardial strain in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and no coexistent cardiovascular disease, i.e., the early stage of AF. This study sought to compare LV myocardial strain and T1 mapping indices in AF patients and healthy subjects, and to investigate the associations of a portfolio of inflammation, cardiac remodeling and fibrosis biomarkers with LV myocardial strain and T1 mapping indices in AF patients with no coexistent cardiovascular disease. METHODS The study consisted of 80 patients with paroxysmal AF patients and no coexistent cardiovascular disease and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Left atrial volume (LAV), LV myocardial strain and native T1 were assessed with CMR, and compared between the AF patients and healthy subjects. Biomarkers of C-reactive protein (CRP), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), collagen III N-terminal propeptide (PIIINP), and soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) were obtained with blood tests, and compared between the AF patients and healthy controls. Associations of these biomarkers with those CMR-measured parameters were analyzed for the AF patients. RESULTS For the CMR-measured parameters, the AF patients showed significantly larger LAV and LV end-systolic volume, and higher native T1 than the healthy controls (max P = 0.027). The absolute values of the LV peak systolic circumferential strain and its rate as well as the LV diastolic circumferential strain rate were all significantly reduced in the AF patients (all P < 0.001). For the biomarkers, the AF patients showed significantly larger CRP (an inflammation biomarker) and sST2 (a myocardium stiffness biomarker) than the controls (max P = 0.007). In the AF patients, the five CMR-measured parameters of LAV, three LV strain indices and native T1 were all significantly associated with these two biomarkers of CRP and sST2 (max P = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS In patients with paroxysmal AF and no coexistent cardiovascular disease, LAV enlargement and LV myocardium abnormalities were detected by CMR, and these abnormalities were associated with biomarkers that reflect inflammation and myocardial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Songnan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Aijia Lu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Bai
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing An
- Siemens Shenzhen Magnetic Resonance Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Jie Huang
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Xiaohai Ma
- Department of Intervention, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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25
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Ma RF, Chen G, Li HZ, Zhang Y, Liu YM, He HQ, Liu CY, Xie ZC, Zhang ZP, Wang J. Panax Notoginseng Saponins Inhibits Ventricular Remodeling after Myocardial Infarction in Rats Through Regulating ATF3/MAP2K3/p38 MAPK and NF κ B Pathway. Chin J Integr Med 2020; 26:897-904. [PMID: 33259022 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-020-2856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore whether Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) exhibits heart protective effect in myocardial infarction (MI) rats and to identify the potential signaling pathways involved. METHODS MI rats induced by ligating the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery were assigned to sham coronary artery ligation or coronary artery ligation. Totally 36 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group (distilled water, n=9), MI group (distilled water, n=9), PNS group (PNS, 40 mg/kg daily, n=9) and fosinopril group (FIP, 1.2 mg/kg daily, n=9) according to a random number table. The left ventricular morphology and function were conducted by echocardiography. Histological alterations were evaluated by the stainings of HE and Masson. The serum levels of C reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) and the ratio of metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of MMP-9 (TIMP-1) were determined by ELISA. The levels of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 (MAP2K3), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), phosphorylation of p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1), collagen I, nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NFκB p65), phosphorylation of NFκB p65 (p-NFκB p65), and phosphorylation of inhibitory kappa Bα (p-Iκ Bα) in hearts were measured by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. RESULTS PNS improved cardiac function and fibrosis in MI rats (P<0.05). The serum levels of CRP, TNF-α, GDF-15 and the ratio of MMP9/TIMP1 were reversed by PNS in MI rats. The expressions of TGF-β1, collagen I, MAP2K3, p38 MAPK, p-p38 MAPK, NFκB p65, p-NFκB p65, and p-IκBα were down-regulated, while ATF3 increased with the treatment of PNS (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS PNS may improve cardiac function and fibrosis in MI rats via regulating ATF3/MAP2K3/p38 MAPK and NFκB signaling pathways. These results suggest the potential of PNS in preventing the development of ventricular remodeling in MI rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Feng Ma
- Graduate School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Hong-Zheng Li
- Graduate School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yong-Mei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Hao-Qiang He
- Graduate School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Chen-Yue Liu
- Graduate School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zi-Cong Xie
- Graduate School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zhen-Peng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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26
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Diagnostic Accuracy of Mapping Techniques and Postprocessing Methods for Acute Myocarditis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2020; 215:105-115. [DOI: 10.2214/ajr.19.22028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Rashid A, Masood A, Wani IA, Hafeez I, Parvez T, Zagar MA, Ganie MA. Left ventricular myocardial mass index and its correlates as an early marker of cardiovascular risk among nonobese normotensive Indian women with polycystic ovary syndrome: lessons from a cross-sectional study. Fertil Steril 2020; 113:1299-1307.e2. [PMID: 32482259 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantitate left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and correlate it with inflammation, insulin resistance (IR) and serum androgen levels among nonobese normotensive women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). DESIGN Cross-sectional study SETTING: Tertiary care institute in North India PATIENTS: A total of 260 drug-naive women qualifying the Rotterdam 2003 criteria for diagnosis of PCOS and 250 apparently healthy women matched for age and body mass index (BMI). INTERVENTIONS Clinical, biochemical, hormonal, and inflammatory marker assessment was followed by estimation of LVM and LVMI by 2-dimensional echocardiography. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES LVM and LVMI in nonobese, normotensive women with PCOS and its correlation with subinflammation, IR, and androgen excess. RESULTS Mean ages (28.08 ± 4.18 vs. 29.44 ± 6.33 years) and BMI (24.43 ± 4.15 vs. 23.92 ± 4.21 kg/m2) of cases vs. controls were comparable, as was blood pressure and plasma glucose (1 hour after oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT]). Women with PCOS had fewer menstrual cycles per year and higher Ferriman-Gallwey scores, plasma insulin, homeostasis model assessment of IR, total testosterone, plasma glucose (fasting and 2 hours after OGTT), serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 than did the controls (P<.001). Significant differences were observed in LVM (101.50 ± 30.19 vs. 89.35 ± 27.57 g) and LVMI (63.60 ± 16.67 vs. 56.32 ± 10.84 g/m2) between women with PCOS and the controls (P<.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that proinflammatory markers and IR rather than hyperandrogenism correlated with LVMI. CONCLUSION We conclude that normotensive nonobese women with PCOS were more likely to have elevated mean LVMI than were healthy controls and it was positively correlated with proinflammatory markers and IR but not with androgen excess. Well-designed long-term follow-up studies with a larger cohort of subjects with comprehensive cardiovascular risk assessment are warranted to conclusively answer the question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aafia Rashid
- Department of Endocrinology, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Akbar Masood
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ishfaq A Wani
- Department of Endocrinology, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Imran Hafeez
- Department of Cardiology, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Tabasum Parvez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mohd Afzal Zagar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mohd Ashraf Ganie
- Department of Endocrinology, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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28
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Xu GR, Zhang C, Yang HX, Sun JH, Zhang Y, Yao TT, Li Y, Ruan L, An R, Li AY. Modified citrus pectin ameliorates myocardial fibrosis and inflammation via suppressing galectin-3 and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 126:110071. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Doria de Vasconcellos H, Betoko A, Ciuffo LA, Moreira HT, Nwabuo CC, Ambale-Venkatesh B, Reis JP, Allen N, Lloyd-Jones DM, Colangelo LA, Schreiner PJ, Lewis CE, Shikany JM, Sidney S, Cox C, Gidding SS, Lima JAC. Sex Differences in the Association of Cumulative Body Mass Index from Early Adulthood to Middle Age and Left Atrial Remodeling Evaluated by Three-Dimensional Echocardiography: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2020; 33:878-887.e3. [PMID: 32336609 PMCID: PMC7388576 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: The relationship between long-term obesity and left atrial (LA) structure and function is not entirely understood. We examined the association of cumulative body mass index (cBMI) with LA remodeling using three-dimensional (3D) speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE). Methods: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study is a community-based cohort of black and white, men and women, ages 18–30 years at baseline in 1985–86 from four U.S. centers. This study included 2,144 participants who had satisfactory image quality and body mass index measurements during the entire follow-up period. The 3D STE-derived LA parameters were maximum, minimum, and pretrial contraction volumes; total, passive, and active emptying fraction; maximum systolic longitudinal strain; and early and late diastolic longitudinal strain rates. Multivariable linear regression analyses stratified by sex assessed the relationship between cBMI and 3D STE-derived LA parameters, adjusting for demographics and traditional cardiovascular. Results: The mean age of the cohort was 55 ± 3.6 years; 54.8% were women, and 46.5% were black. There were statistically significant additive sex interactions for the association between cBMI and LA minimum contraction value, maximum systolic longitudinal strain, and early and late diastolic longitudinal strain rates. In the fully adjusted model, greater cBMI was associated with lower magnitude LA longitudinal deformation (maximum systolic longitudinal strain and early and late diastolic longitudinal strain rates) in men and with higher LA emptying fraction in women. In addition, greater cBMI was associated with higher LA phasic volumes indices in both men and women. Conclusions: This study showed that while greater cBMI from early adulthood throughout middle age was associated with higher LA volumes in both genders, differences were found for LA function, with lower longitudinal deformation in men and higher reservoir and active LA function in women. (J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2020;33:878–87.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Doria de Vasconcellos
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Universidade Federal do Vale do Sao Francisco/School of Medicine, Petrolina, Pernambuco
| | | | | | - Henrique T Moreira
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jared P Reis
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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Liu Q, Baumgartner J, Schauer JJ. Source Apportionment of Fine-Particle, Water-Soluble Organic Nitrogen and Its Association with the Inflammatory Potential of Lung Epithelial Cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:9845-9854. [PMID: 31348644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the key chemical compounds and source contributions in ambient particles associated with the burden of cardiopulmonary disease is important to develop cost-effective air pollution mitigating strategies that maximize the protection of public health. To help address this need, we examined 109 daily ambient fine particulate matter samples (PM2.5) that were collected in Beijing in one year. The samples were analyzed for chemical composition including organic and elemental carbons, metals, ions, as well as organic molecular markers. In addition, the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured by exposing lung epithelial cells (A549) to water extracts of PM2.5 samples. Single pollutant and constituent-PM2.5 joint linear models were used to estimate the associations. Higher PM2.5 mass and measured chemical components were found in cold seasons than in warm seasons due to the greater contributions of secondary inorganic sources, biomass burning, and coal combustion. Water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) had the strongest associations with levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to PM2.5 mass and other chemical species in both the one and constituent-PM2.5 joint linear models. Our study is the first to highlight that ambient WSON from diverse sources dominates the inflammatory potential of lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing , 210037 , China
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis , Beijing , 100089 , China
| | - Jill Baumgartner
- Institute for Health and Social Policy , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0G4 , Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec H3A 1A3 , Canada
| | - James J Schauer
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53718 , United States
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