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Hong W, Zhu Y, Lin Y, Tang S, Chen J, Xu L, Jiang J, Zong Y, Zhang Y, Sun A, Wu X. The chromatin remodeling protein BRG1 mediates Ang II induced pro-fibrogenic response in renal fibroblasts. Life Sci 2024; 340:122320. [PMID: 38272440 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Renal fibrosis is an important pathophysiological process commonly observed in patients chronic kidney disease (CKD). Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a major risk factor for CKD in part by promoting renal fibrosis. In the present study we investigated Brahma-Related Gene 1 (BRG1, encoded by Smarca4) in Ang II induced pro-fibrogenic response in renal fibroblasts. METHODS AND MATERIALS CKD was induced by chronic angiotensin II infusion. Fibroblast- and myofibroblast-specific BRG1 deletion was achieved by crossing the BRG1f/f mice to the Col1a1-CreERT2 mice and the Postn-CreERT2 mice, respectively. KEY FINDINGS BRG1 expression was up-regulated when fibroblasts were exposed to Ang II in vitro and in vivo. BRG1 silencing in primary renal fibroblasts blocked transition to myofibroblasts as evidenced by down-regulation of myofibroblast marker genes and reduction in cell proliferation, migration, and contraction. Consistently, deletion of BRG1 from fibroblasts or from myofibroblasts significantly attenuated renal fibrosis in mice subjected to chronic Ang II infusion. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that BRG1 primarily regulated expression of genes involved in cell migroproliferative behavior and extracellular matrix remodeling. Importantly, administration of PFI-3, a small-molecule BRG1 inhibition, markedly ameliorated Ang II induced renal fibrosis in mice. SIGNIFICANCE Our data support a role for BRG1 in Ang II induced fibrogenic response in renal fibroblasts and suggest that targeting BRG1 could be considered as a reasonable approach for the intervention of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China
| | - Yuwen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Departments of Pathophysiology and Human Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanshan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Departments of Pathophysiology and Human Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shifan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Departments of Pathophysiology and Human Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinsi Chen
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Xu
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuting Zong
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongchen Zhang
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China.
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Murugesan P, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Chenggong Zong N, Youn JY, Chen W, Wang C, Loscalzo J, Cai H. Reversal of Pulmonary Hypertension in a Human-Like Model: Therapeutic Targeting of Endothelial DHFR. Circ Res 2024; 134:351-370. [PMID: 38299369 PMCID: PMC10880947 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive disorder characterized by remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature and elevated mean pulmonary arterial pressure, resulting in right heart failure. METHODS Here, we show that direct targeting of the endothelium to uncouple eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) with DAHP (2,4-diamino 6-hydroxypyrimidine; an inhibitor of GTP cyclohydrolase 1, the rate-limiting synthetic enzyme for the critical eNOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin) induces human-like, time-dependent progression of PH phenotypes in mice. RESULTS Critical phenotypic features include progressive elevation in mean pulmonary arterial pressure, right ventricular systolic blood pressure, and right ventricle (RV)/left ventricle plus septum (LV+S) weight ratio; extensive vascular remodeling of pulmonary arterioles with increased medial thickness/perivascular collagen deposition and increased expression of PCNA (proliferative cell nuclear antigen) and alpha-actin; markedly increased total and mitochondrial superoxide production, substantially reduced tetrahydrobiopterin and nitric oxide bioavailabilities; and formation of an array of human-like vascular lesions. Intriguingly, novel in-house generated endothelial-specific dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) transgenic mice (tg-EC-DHFR) were completely protected from the pathophysiological and molecular features of PH upon DAHP treatment or hypoxia exposure. Furthermore, DHFR overexpression with a pCMV-DHFR plasmid transfection in mice after initiation of DAHP treatment completely reversed PH phenotypes. DHFR knockout mice spontaneously developed PH at baseline and had no additional deterioration in response to hypoxia, indicating an intrinsic role of DHFR deficiency in causing PH. RNA-sequencing experiments indicated great similarity in gene regulation profiles between the DAHP model and human patients with PH. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results establish a novel human-like murine model of PH that has long been lacking in the field, which can be broadly used for future mechanistic and translational studies. These data also indicate that targeting endothelial DHFR deficiency represents a novel and robust therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Murugesan
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (P.M., Y.Z., Y.H., N.C.Z., J.Y.Y., H.C.)
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (P.M., Y.Z., Y.H., N.C.Z., J.Y.Y., H.C.)
| | - Yuanli Huang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (P.M., Y.Z., Y.H., N.C.Z., J.Y.Y., H.C.)
| | - Nobel Chenggong Zong
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (P.M., Y.Z., Y.H., N.C.Z., J.Y.Y., H.C.)
| | - Ji Youn Youn
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (P.M., Y.Z., Y.H., N.C.Z., J.Y.Y., H.C.)
| | - Wenhui Chen
- Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing (W.C., C.W.)
| | - Chen Wang
- Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing (W.C., C.W.)
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.L.)
| | - Hua Cai
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (P.M., Y.Z., Y.H., N.C.Z., J.Y.Y., H.C.)
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Shen Y, Dong Z, Fan F, Li K, Zhu S, Dai R, Huang J, Xie N, He L, Gong Z, Yang X, Tan J, Liu L, Yu F, Tang Y, You Z, Xi J, Wang Y, Kong W, Zhang Y, Fu Y. Targeting cytokine-like protein FAM3D lowers blood pressure in hypertension. Cell Rep Med 2023:101072. [PMID: 37301198 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Current antihypertensive options still incompletely control blood pressure, suggesting the existence of uncovered pathogenic mechanisms. Here, whether cytokine-like protein family with sequence similarity 3, member D (FAM3D) is involved in hypertension etiology is evaluated. A case-control study exhibits that FAM3D is elevated in patients with hypertension, with a positive association with odds of hypertension. FAM3D deficiency significantly ameliorates angiotensin II (AngII)-induced hypertension in mice. Mechanistically, FAM3D directly causes endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling and impairs endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, whereas 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine to induce eNOS uncoupling abolishes the protective effect of FAM3D deficiency against AngII-induced hypertension. Furthermore, antagonism of formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) and FPR2 or the suppression of oxidative stress blunts FAM3D-induced eNOS uncoupling. Translationally, targeting endothelial FAM3D by adeno-associated virus or intraperitoneal injection of FAM3D-neutralizing antibodies markedly ameliorates AngII- or deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt-induced hypertension. Conclusively, FAM3D causes eNOS uncoupling through FPR1- and FPR2-mediated oxidative stress, thereby exacerbating the development of hypertension. FAM3D may be a potential therapeutic target for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicong Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhigang Dong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fangfang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Kaiyin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Shirong Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rongbo Dai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Nan Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Ze Gong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xueyuan Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiaai Tan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Limei Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yida Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhen You
- Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jianzhong Xi
- Department of Biomedicine, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology of Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Yi Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Miao SH, Gao SQ, Li HX, Zhuang YS, Wang X, Li T, Gao CC, Han YL, Qiu JY, Zhou ML. Increased NOX2 expression in astrocytes leads to eNOS uncoupling through dihydrofolate reductase in endothelial cells after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1121944. [PMID: 37063365 PMCID: PMC10097896 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1121944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionEndothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling plays a significant role in acute vasoconstriction during early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Astrocytes in the neurovascular unit extend their foot processes around endothelia. In our study, we tested the hypothesis that increased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2) expression in astrocytes after SAH leads to eNOS uncoupling.MethodsWe utilized laser speckle contrast imaging for monitoring cortical blood flow changes in mice, nitric oxide (NO) kits to measure the level of NO, and a co-culture system to study the effect of astrocytes on endothelial cells. Moreover, the protein levels were assessed by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. We used CCK-8 to measure the viability of astrocytes and endothelial cells, and we used the H2O2 kit to measure the H2O2 released from astrocytes. We used GSK2795039 as an inhibitor of NOX2, whereas lentivirus and adeno-associated virus were used for dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) knockdown in vivo and in vitro.ResultsThe expression of NOX2 and the release of H2O2 in astrocytes are increased, which was accompanied by a decrease in endothelial DHFR 12 h after SAH. Moreover, the eNOS monomer/dimer ratio increased, leading to a decrease in NO and acute cerebral ischemia. All of the above were significantly alleviated after the administration of GSK2795039. However, after knocking down DHFR both in vivo and in vitro, the protective effect of GSK2795039 was greatly reversed.DiscussionThe increased level of NOX2 in astrocytes contributes to decreased DHFR in endothelial cells, thus aggravating eNOS uncoupling, which is an essential mechanism underlying acute vasoconstriction after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hao Miao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng-Qing Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Xin Li
- Department of Gynecology, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun-Song Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao-Chao Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Ling Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Yin Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng-Liang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Meng-Liang Zhou,
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Lai MW, Chow N, Checco A, Kunar B, Redmond D, Rafii S, Rabbany SY. Systems Biology Analysis of Temporal Dynamics That Govern Endothelial Response to Cyclic Stretch. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1837. [PMID: 36551265 PMCID: PMC9775567 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells in vivo are subjected to a wide array of mechanical stimuli, such as cyclic stretch. Notably, a 10% stretch is associated with an atheroprotective endothelial phenotype, while a 20% stretch is associated with an atheroprone endothelial phenotype. Here, a systems biology-based approach is used to present a comprehensive overview of the functional responses and molecular regulatory networks that characterize the transition from an atheroprotective to an atheroprone phenotype in response to cyclic stretch. Using primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), we determined the role of the equibiaxial cyclic stretch in vitro, with changes to the radius of the magnitudes of 10% and 20%, which are representative of physiological and pathological strain, respectively. Following the transcriptome analysis of next-generation sequencing data, we identified four key endothelial responses to pathological cyclic stretch: cell cycle regulation, inflammatory response, fatty acid metabolism, and mTOR signaling, driven by a regulatory network of eight transcription factors. Our study highlights the dynamic regulation of several key stretch-sensitive endothelial functions relevant to the induction of an atheroprone versus an atheroprotective phenotype and lays the foundation for further investigation into the mechanisms governing vascular pathology. This study has significant implications for the development of treatment modalities for vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Lai
- Bioengineering Program, DeMatteis School of Engineering and Applied Science, Hofstra University, New York, NY 11549, USA
| | - Nathan Chow
- Bioengineering Program, DeMatteis School of Engineering and Applied Science, Hofstra University, New York, NY 11549, USA
| | - Antonio Checco
- Bioengineering Program, DeMatteis School of Engineering and Applied Science, Hofstra University, New York, NY 11549, USA
| | - Balvir Kunar
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine (WCM), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David Redmond
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine (WCM), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine (WCM), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sina Y. Rabbany
- Bioengineering Program, DeMatteis School of Engineering and Applied Science, Hofstra University, New York, NY 11549, USA
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine (WCM), New York, NY 10065, USA
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Zhang Y, Siu KL, Li Q, Howard-Quijano K, Scovotti J, Mahajan A, Cai H. Diagnostic and predictive values of circulating tetrahydrobiopterin levels as a novel biomarker in patients with thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms. Redox Biol 2022; 56:102444. [PMID: 36116158 PMCID: PMC9486112 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that circulating levels of tetrahydrobiopterin (H4B) function as a robust biomarker for aortic aneurysms in several independent animal models. In the present study, we examined diagnostic and predictive values of circulating H4B levels in human patients of thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) for the first time, while clinically applicable biomarkers for aortic aneurysms have never been previously available. Ninety-five patients scheduled for TAA repair surgeries and 53 control subjects were recruited at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Ronald Regan Medical Center, while 44 control subjects and 29 AAA patients were recruited through National Institute of Health (NIH) National Disease Research Interchange (NDRI) program. We had intriguing observations that circulating H4B levels were substantially lower in TAA and AAA patients, linearly correlated with aortic H4B levels (blood: R = 0.8071, p < 0.0001, n = 75; plasma: R = 0.7983, p < 0.0001, n = 75), and associated with incidence of TAA (blood: adjusted OR 0.495; 95% CI 0.379-0.647; p < 0.001; plasma: adjusted OR 0.501; 95% CI 0.385-0.652; p < 0.001) or AAA (blood: adjusted OR 0.329; 95% CI 0.125-0.868; p = 0.025) after adjustment for other factors. Blood or plasma H4B levels below 0.2 pmol/μg serve as an important threshold for prediction of aortic aneurysms independent of age and gender (for TAA risk - blood: adjusted OR 419.67; 95% CI 59.191-2975.540; p < 0.001; plasma: adjusted OR 206.11; 95% CI 40.956-1037.279; p < 0.001). This threshold was also significantly associated with incidence of AAA (p < 0.001 by Chi-square analysis). In addition, we observed previously unrecognized inverse association of Statin use with TAA, and an association of AAA with arrhythmia. Taken together, our data strongly demonstrate for the first time that circulating H4B levels can serve as a first-in-class, sensitive, robust and independent biomarker for clinical diagnosis and prediction of TAA and AAA in human patients, which can be rapidly translated to bedside to fundamentally improve clinical management of the devastating human disease of aortic aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Zhang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Kin Lung Siu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Qiang Li
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Kimberly Howard-Quijano
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA
| | - Jennifer Scovotti
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Aman Mahajan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA
| | - Hua Cai
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA.
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Youn JY, Wang J, Li Q, Huang K, Cai H. Robust therapeutic effects on COVID-19 of novel small molecules: Alleviation of SARS-CoV-2 S protein induction of ACE2/TMPRSS2, NOX2/ROS, and MCP-1. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:957340. [PMID: 36187008 PMCID: PMC9520320 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.957340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) constantly emerge to prolong the pandemic of COVID-19, robust and safe therapeutics are in urgent need. During the previous and ongoing fight against the pandemic in China, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has proven to be markedly effective in treating COVID-19. Among active ingredients of TCM recipes, small molecules such as quercetin, glabridin, gallic acid, and chrysoeriol have been predicted to target viral receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) via system pharmacology/molecular docking/visualization analyses. Of note, endothelial dysfunction induced by oxidative stress and inflammation represents a critical mediator of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ injuries in patients with COVID-19. Hence, in the present study, we examined whether quercetin, glabridin, gallic acide and chrysoeriol regulate viral receptors of ACE2 and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), redox modulator NADPH oxidase isoform 2 (NOX2), and inflammatory protein of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in endothelial cells to mediate therapeutic protection against COVID-19. Indeed, quercetin, glabridin, gallic acide and chrysoeriol completely attenuated SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S protein)-induced upregulation in ACE2 protein expression in endothelial cells. In addition, these small molecules abolished S protein upregulation of cleaved/active form of TMPRSS2, while native TMPRSS2 was not significantly regulated. Moreover, these small molecules completely abrogated S protein-induced upregulation in NOX2 protein expression, which resulted in alleviated superoxide production, confirming their preventive efficacies against S protein-induced oxidative stress in endothelial cells. In addition, treatment with these small molecules abolished S protein induction of MCP-1 expression. Collectively, our findings for the first time demonstrate that these novel small molecules may be used as novel and robust therapeutic options for the treatment of patients with COVID-19, via effective attenuation of S protein induction of endothelial oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Youn Youn
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United State
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United State
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kai Huang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United State
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hua Cai
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United State
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Hua Cai,
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Liu Z, Zhang Y, Youn JY, Zhang Y, Makino A, Yuan JXJ, Cai H. Flavored and Nicotine-Containing E-Cigarettes Induce Impaired Angiogenesis and Diabetic Wound Healing via Increased Endothelial Oxidative Stress and Reduced NO Bioavailability. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050904. [PMID: 35624768 PMCID: PMC9137638 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalent use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has increased exponentially in recent years, especially in youth who are attracted to flavored e-cigarettes. Indeed, e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) cases started to emerge in the United States in August 2019, resulting in 2807 hospitalized cases and 68 deaths as of 18 February 2020. In the present study, we investigated, for the first time, whether flavored and nicotine containing e-cigarettes induce endothelial dysfunction to result in impaired angiogenesis and wound healing particularly under diabetic condition. Nicotine containing e-cigarettes with various contents of nicotine (0, 1.2%, 2.4%), and flavored e-cigarettes of classic tobacco, mint, menthol, and vanilla or fruit from BLU (nicotine 2.4%) or JUUL (nicotine 3%), were used to treat endothelial cells in vitro and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice in vivo. Endothelial cell superoxide production, determined by dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescent imaging and electron spin resonance (ESR), was markedly increased by exposure to e-cigarette extract (e-CSE) in a nicotine-content dependent manner, while nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability detected by DAF-FM fluorescent imaging was substantially decreased. All of the different flavored e-cigarettes examined also showed significant effects in increasing superoxide production while diminishing NO bioavailability. Endothelial cell apoptosis evaluated by caspase 3 activity was markedly increased by exposure to e-CSE prepared from flavored and nicotine containing e-cigarettes. Endothelial monolayer wound assays revealed that nicotine-containing and flavored e-cigarettes induced impaired angiogenic wound repair of endothelial cell monolayers. Furthermore, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulated wound healing in diabetic mice was impaired by exposure to e-CSEs prepared from nicotine-containing and flavored e-cigarettes. Taken together, our data demonstrate for the first time that flavored and nicotine-containing e-cigarettes induce endothelial dysfunction through excessive ROS production, resulting in decreased NO bioavailability, increased endothelial cell apoptosis, and impairment in angiogenesis and wound healing, especially under diabetic condition. These responses of endothelial dysfunction likely underlie harmful effects of e-cigarettes in endothelial-rich organs, such as heart and lungs. These data also indicate that rigorous regulation on e-cigarette use should be enforced in diabetic and/or surgical patients to avoid severe consequences from impaired angiogenesis/wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoying Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Medicine/Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Medicine/Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ji Youn Youn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Medicine/Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yabing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Medicine/Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ayako Makino
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (A.M.); (J.X.-J.Y.)
| | - Jason X.-J. Yuan
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (A.M.); (J.X.-J.Y.)
| | - Hua Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Medicine/Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Wang Y, Wang L, Liu Y, Li K, Zhao H. Network Analyses Based on Machine Learning Methods to Quantify Effects of Peptide-Protein Complexes as Drug Targets Using Cinnamon in Cardiovascular Diseases and Metabolic Syndrome as a Case Study. Front Genet 2022; 12:816131. [PMID: 35003234 PMCID: PMC8740135 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.816131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide-protein complexes play important roles in multiple diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). The peptides may be the key molecules in the designing of inhibitors or drug targets. Many Chinese traditional drugs are shown to play various roles in different diseases, and comprehensive analyses should be performed using networks which could offer more information than results generated from a single level. In this study, a network analysis pipeline was designed based on machine learning methods to quantify the effects of peptide-protein complexes as drug targets. Three steps, namely, pathway filter, combined network construction, and biomarker prediction and validation based on peptides, were performed using cinnamon (CA) in CVDs and MetS as a case. Results showed that 17 peptide-protein complexes including six peptides and four proteins were identified as CA targets. The expressions of AKT1, AKT2, and ENOS were tested using qRT-PCR in a mouse model that was constructed. AKT2 was shown to be a CA-indicating biomarker, while E2F1 and ENOS were CA treatment targets. AKT1 was considered a diabetic responsive biomarker because it was down-regulated in diabetic but not related to CA. Taken together, the pipeline could identify new drug targets based on biological function analyses. This may provide a deep understanding of the drugs' roles in different diseases which may foster the development of peptide-protein complex-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yinhe Liu
- Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Keshen Li
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honglei Zhao
- Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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10
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Hawe JS, Wilson R, Schmid KT, Zhou L, Lakshmanan LN, Lehne BC, Kühnel B, Scott WR, Wielscher M, Yew YW, Baumbach C, Lee DP, Marouli E, Bernard M, Pfeiffer L, Matías-García PR, Autio MI, Bourgeois S, Herder C, Karhunen V, Meitinger T, Prokisch H, Rathmann W, Roden M, Sebert S, Shin J, Strauch K, Zhang W, Tan WLW, Hauck SM, Merl-Pham J, Grallert H, Barbosa EGV, Illig T, Peters A, Paus T, Pausova Z, Deloukas P, Foo RSY, Jarvelin MR, Kooner JS, Loh M, Heinig M, Gieger C, Waldenberger M, Chambers JC. Genetic variation influencing DNA methylation provides insights into molecular mechanisms regulating genomic function. Nat Genet 2022; 54:18-29. [PMID: 34980917 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00969-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We determined the relationships between DNA sequence variation and DNA methylation using blood samples from 3,799 Europeans and 3,195 South Asians. We identify 11,165,559 SNP-CpG associations (methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTL), P < 10-14), including 467,915 meQTL that operate in trans. The meQTL are enriched for functionally relevant characteristics, including shared chromatin state, High-throuhgput chromosome conformation interaction, and association with gene expression, metabolic variation and clinical traits. We use molecular interaction and colocalization analyses to identify multiple nuclear regulatory pathways linking meQTL loci to phenotypic variation, including UBASH3B (body mass index), NFKBIE (rheumatoid arthritis), MGA (blood pressure) and COMMD7 (white cell counts). For rs6511961 , chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) validates zinc finger protein (ZNF)333 as the likely trans acting effector protein. Finally, we used interaction analyses to identify population- and lineage-specific meQTL, including rs174548 in FADS1, with the strongest effect in CD8+ T cells, thus linking fatty acid metabolism with immune dysregulation and asthma. Our study advances understanding of the potential pathways linking genetic variation to human phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann S Hawe
- Institute of Computational Biology, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Rory Wilson
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katharina T Schmid
- Institute of Computational Biology, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Li Zhou
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Benjamin C Lehne
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Brigitte Kühnel
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - William R Scott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matthias Wielscher
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yik Weng Yew
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clemens Baumbach
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Eirini Marouli
- Centre for Genomic Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Manon Bernard
- Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liliane Pfeiffer
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pamela R Matías-García
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matias I Autio
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stephane Bourgeois
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Christian Herder
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), partner site Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ville Karhunen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), partner site Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), partner site Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department for Genomics of Common Diseases, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jean Shin
- Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Southall, UK
| | | | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Juliane Merl-Pham
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Grallert
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eudes G V Barbosa
- Institute of Computational Biology, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tomas Paus
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Panos Deloukas
- Centre for Genomic Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Roger S Y Foo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Marie Loh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Matthias Heinig
- Institute of Computational Biology, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Hannover, Germany.
| | - John C Chambers
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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11
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Therapeutic application of estrogen for COVID-19: Attenuation of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and IL-6 stimulated, ACE2-dependent NOX2 activation, ROS production and MCP-1 upregulation in endothelial cells. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102099. [PMID: 34509916 PMCID: PMC8372492 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 has remained uncontained with urgent need for robust therapeutics. We have previously reported sex difference of COVID-19 for the first time indicating male predisposition. Males are more susceptible than females, and more often to develop into severe cases with higher mortality. This predisposition is potentially linked to higher prevalence of cigarette smoking. Nonetheless, we found for the first time that cigarette smoking extract (CSE) had no effect on angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) expression in endothelial cells. The otherwise observed worse outcomes in smokers is likely linked to baseline respiratory diseases associated with chronic smoking. Instead, we hypothesized that estrogen mediated protection might underlie lower morbidity, severity and mortality of COVID-19 in females. Of note, endothelial inflammation and barrier dysfunction are major mediators of disease progression, and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ failure in patients with COVID-19. Therefore, we investigated potential protective effects of estrogen on endothelial cells against oxidative stress induced by interleukin-6 (IL-6) and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S protein). Indeed, 17β-estradiol completely reversed S protein-induced selective activation of NADPH oxidase isoform 2 (NOX2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production that are ACE2-dependent, as well as ACE2 upregulation and induction of pro-inflammatory gene monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in endothelial cells to effectively attenuate endothelial dysfunction. Effects of IL-6 on activating NOX2-dependent ROS production and upregulation of MCP-1 were also completely attenuated by 17β-estradiol. Of note, co-treatment with CSE had no additional effects on S protein stimulated endothelial oxidative stress, confirming that current smoking status is likely unrelated to more severe disease in chronic smokers. These data indicate that estrogen can serve as a novel therapy for patients with COVID-19 via inhibition of initial viral responses and attenuation of cytokine storm induced endothelial dysfunction, to substantially alleviate morbidity, severity and mortality of the disease, especially in men and post-menopause women. Short-term administration of estrogen can therefore be readily applied to the clinical management of COVID-19 as a robust therapeutic option.
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12
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Guo Z, Zhang Y, Liu C, Youn JY, Cai H. Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) Knockout Abrogates Diabetic and Obese Phenotypes While Restoring Endothelial Function via Inhibition of NOX1. Diabetes 2021; 70:2107-2119. [PMID: 34127487 PMCID: PMC8576422 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated a novel role of bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4) in inducing NOX1-dependent endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammatory activation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, how BMP4 activates NOX1 and whether targeting the new mechanistic pathway revealed is effective in preserving endothelial function in T2DM remains unclear. In this study, we observed that BMP4 induced a marked, time-dependent increase in physiological binding between TLR2 and NOX1 in aortic endothelial cells as well as increased binding of TLR2 to NOXO1. In TLR2 knockout (Tlr2 -/-) mice fed high-fat diet, body weight gain was significantly less compared with wild-type (WT) mice both in males and females. The high-fat diet-induced increases in fasting blood glucose levels, as well as in circulating insulin and leptin levels, were absent in Tlr2 -/- mice. High-fat feeding induced increases in overall fat mass, and in fat mass of different pockets were abrogated in Tlr2 -/- mice. Whereas energy intake was similar in high-fat-fed WT and Tlr2 -/- mice, TLR2 deficiency resulted in higher energy expenditure attributable to improved physical activity, which was accompanied by restored skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. In addition, TLR2 deficiency recoupled eNOS, reduced total superoxide production, improved H4B and NO bioavailabilities in aortas, and restored endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. Collectively, our data strongly indicate that TLR2 plays important roles in the development of metabolic features of T2DM and its related endothelial/vascular dysfunction. Therefore, targeting TLR2 may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for T2DM, obesity, and cardiovascular complications via specific inhibition of NOX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Guo
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Chang Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing
| | - Ji Youn Youn
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hua Cai
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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13
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Huang K, Narumi T, Zhang Y, Li Q, Murugesan P, Wu Y, Liu NM, Cai H. Targeting MicroRNA-192-5p, a Downstream Effector of NOXs (NADPH Oxidases), Reverses Endothelial DHFR (Dihydrofolate Reductase) Deficiency to Attenuate Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation. Hypertension 2021; 78:282-293. [PMID: 34176283 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (K.H., T.N., Y.Z., Q.L., P.M., Y.W., N.M.L., H.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine ((K.H., T.N., Y.Z., Q.L., P.M., Y.W., N.M.L., H.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Taro Narumi
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (K.H., T.N., Y.Z., Q.L., P.M., Y.W., N.M.L., H.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine ((K.H., T.N., Y.Z., Q.L., P.M., Y.W., N.M.L., H.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (K.H., T.N., Y.Z., Q.L., P.M., Y.W., N.M.L., H.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine ((K.H., T.N., Y.Z., Q.L., P.M., Y.W., N.M.L., H.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Qiang Li
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (K.H., T.N., Y.Z., Q.L., P.M., Y.W., N.M.L., H.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine ((K.H., T.N., Y.Z., Q.L., P.M., Y.W., N.M.L., H.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Priya Murugesan
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (K.H., T.N., Y.Z., Q.L., P.M., Y.W., N.M.L., H.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine ((K.H., T.N., Y.Z., Q.L., P.M., Y.W., N.M.L., H.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Yusi Wu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (K.H., T.N., Y.Z., Q.L., P.M., Y.W., N.M.L., H.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine ((K.H., T.N., Y.Z., Q.L., P.M., Y.W., N.M.L., H.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Norika Mengchia Liu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (K.H., T.N., Y.Z., Q.L., P.M., Y.W., N.M.L., H.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine ((K.H., T.N., Y.Z., Q.L., P.M., Y.W., N.M.L., H.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Hua Cai
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (K.H., T.N., Y.Z., Q.L., P.M., Y.W., N.M.L., H.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine ((K.H., T.N., Y.Z., Q.L., P.M., Y.W., N.M.L., H.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
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14
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Xu S, Ilyas I, Little PJ, Li H, Kamato D, Zheng X, Luo S, Li Z, Liu P, Han J, Harding IC, Ebong EE, Cameron SJ, Stewart AG, Weng J. Endothelial Dysfunction in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases and Beyond: From Mechanism to Pharmacotherapies. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:924-967. [PMID: 34088867 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 131.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelium, a cellular monolayer lining the blood vessel wall, plays a critical role in maintaining multiorgan health and homeostasis. Endothelial functions in health include dynamic maintenance of vascular tone, angiogenesis, hemostasis, and the provision of an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic interface. Dysfunction of the vascular endothelium presents with impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation, heightened oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, leukocyte adhesion and hyperpermeability, and endothelial cell senescence. Recent studies have implicated altered endothelial cell metabolism and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition as new features of endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial dysfunction is regarded as a hallmark of many diverse human panvascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes. Endothelial dysfunction has also been implicated in severe coronavirus disease 2019. Many clinically used pharmacotherapies, ranging from traditional lipid-lowering drugs, antihypertensive drugs, and antidiabetic drugs to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors and interleukin 1β monoclonal antibodies, counter endothelial dysfunction as part of their clinical benefits. The regulation of endothelial dysfunction by noncoding RNAs has provided novel insights into these newly described regulators of endothelial dysfunction, thus yielding potential new therapeutic approaches. Altogether, a better understanding of the versatile (dys)functions of endothelial cells will not only deepen our comprehension of human diseases but also accelerate effective therapeutic drug discovery. In this review, we provide a timely overview of the multiple layers of endothelial function, describe the consequences and mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction, and identify pathways to effective targeted therapies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The endothelium was initially considered to be a semipermeable biomechanical barrier and gatekeeper of vascular health. In recent decades, a deepened understanding of the biological functions of the endothelium has led to its recognition as a ubiquitous tissue regulating vascular tone, cell behavior, innate immunity, cell-cell interactions, and cell metabolism in the vessel wall. Endothelial dysfunction is the hallmark of cardiovascular, metabolic, and emerging infectious diseases. Pharmacotherapies targeting endothelial dysfunction have potential for treatment of cardiovascular and many other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suowen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.X., I.I., X.Z., S.L., J.W.); Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Australia (P.J.L.); School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia (P.J.L., D.K.); Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou, China (Z.L., P.L.); College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (J.H.); Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (I.C.H., E.E.E.); Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (E.E.E.); Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York (E.E.E.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (S.J.C.); and ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (A.G.S.)
| | - Iqra Ilyas
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.X., I.I., X.Z., S.L., J.W.); Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Australia (P.J.L.); School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia (P.J.L., D.K.); Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou, China (Z.L., P.L.); College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (J.H.); Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (I.C.H., E.E.E.); Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (E.E.E.); Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York (E.E.E.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (S.J.C.); and ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (A.G.S.)
| | - Peter J Little
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.X., I.I., X.Z., S.L., J.W.); Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Australia (P.J.L.); School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia (P.J.L., D.K.); Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou, China (Z.L., P.L.); College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (J.H.); Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (I.C.H., E.E.E.); Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (E.E.E.); Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York (E.E.E.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (S.J.C.); and ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (A.G.S.)
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.X., I.I., X.Z., S.L., J.W.); Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Australia (P.J.L.); School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia (P.J.L., D.K.); Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou, China (Z.L., P.L.); College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (J.H.); Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (I.C.H., E.E.E.); Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (E.E.E.); Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York (E.E.E.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (S.J.C.); and ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (A.G.S.)
| | - Danielle Kamato
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.X., I.I., X.Z., S.L., J.W.); Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Australia (P.J.L.); School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia (P.J.L., D.K.); Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou, China (Z.L., P.L.); College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (J.H.); Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (I.C.H., E.E.E.); Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (E.E.E.); Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York (E.E.E.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (S.J.C.); and ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (A.G.S.)
| | - Xueying Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.X., I.I., X.Z., S.L., J.W.); Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Australia (P.J.L.); School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia (P.J.L., D.K.); Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou, China (Z.L., P.L.); College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (J.H.); Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (I.C.H., E.E.E.); Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (E.E.E.); Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York (E.E.E.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (S.J.C.); and ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (A.G.S.)
| | - Sihui Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.X., I.I., X.Z., S.L., J.W.); Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Australia (P.J.L.); School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia (P.J.L., D.K.); Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou, China (Z.L., P.L.); College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (J.H.); Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (I.C.H., E.E.E.); Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (E.E.E.); Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York (E.E.E.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (S.J.C.); and ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (A.G.S.)
| | - Zhuoming Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.X., I.I., X.Z., S.L., J.W.); Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Australia (P.J.L.); School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia (P.J.L., D.K.); Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou, China (Z.L., P.L.); College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (J.H.); Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (I.C.H., E.E.E.); Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (E.E.E.); Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York (E.E.E.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (S.J.C.); and ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (A.G.S.)
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.X., I.I., X.Z., S.L., J.W.); Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Australia (P.J.L.); School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia (P.J.L., D.K.); Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou, China (Z.L., P.L.); College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (J.H.); Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (I.C.H., E.E.E.); Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (E.E.E.); Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York (E.E.E.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (S.J.C.); and ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (A.G.S.)
| | - Jihong Han
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.X., I.I., X.Z., S.L., J.W.); Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Australia (P.J.L.); School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia (P.J.L., D.K.); Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou, China (Z.L., P.L.); College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (J.H.); Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (I.C.H., E.E.E.); Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (E.E.E.); Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York (E.E.E.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (S.J.C.); and ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (A.G.S.)
| | - Ian C Harding
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.X., I.I., X.Z., S.L., J.W.); Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Australia (P.J.L.); School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia (P.J.L., D.K.); Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou, China (Z.L., P.L.); College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (J.H.); Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (I.C.H., E.E.E.); Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (E.E.E.); Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York (E.E.E.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (S.J.C.); and ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (A.G.S.)
| | - Eno E Ebong
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.X., I.I., X.Z., S.L., J.W.); Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Australia (P.J.L.); School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia (P.J.L., D.K.); Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou, China (Z.L., P.L.); College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (J.H.); Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (I.C.H., E.E.E.); Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (E.E.E.); Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York (E.E.E.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (S.J.C.); and ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (A.G.S.)
| | - Scott J Cameron
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.X., I.I., X.Z., S.L., J.W.); Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Australia (P.J.L.); School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia (P.J.L., D.K.); Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou, China (Z.L., P.L.); College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (J.H.); Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (I.C.H., E.E.E.); Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (E.E.E.); Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York (E.E.E.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (S.J.C.); and ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (A.G.S.)
| | - Alastair G Stewart
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.X., I.I., X.Z., S.L., J.W.); Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Australia (P.J.L.); School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia (P.J.L., D.K.); Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou, China (Z.L., P.L.); College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (J.H.); Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (I.C.H., E.E.E.); Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (E.E.E.); Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York (E.E.E.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (S.J.C.); and ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (A.G.S.)
| | - Jianping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.X., I.I., X.Z., S.L., J.W.); Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Australia (P.J.L.); School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia (P.J.L., D.K.); Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou, China (Z.L., P.L.); College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (J.H.); Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (I.C.H., E.E.E.); Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (E.E.E.); Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York (E.E.E.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (S.J.C.); and ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (A.G.S.)
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Targeting feed-forward signaling of TGFβ/NOX4/DHFR/eNOS uncoupling/TGFβ axis with anti-TGFβ and folic acid attenuates formation of aortic aneurysms: Novel mechanisms and therapeutics. Redox Biol 2020; 38:101757. [PMID: 33126053 PMCID: PMC7585948 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study we aimed to identify novel mechanisms and therapeutics for thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) in Fbn1C1039G/+ Marfan Syndrome (MFS) mice. The expression of mature/active TGFβ and its downstream effector NOX4 were upregulated while tetrahydrobiopterin (H4B) salvage enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) was downregulated in Fbn1C1039G/+ mice. In vivo treatment with anti-TGFβ completely attenuated NOX4 expression, restored DHFR protein abundance, reduced ROS production, recoupled eNOS and attenuated aneurysm formation. Intriguingly, oral administration with folic acid (FA) to recouple eNOS markedly alleviated expansion of aortic roots and abdominal aortas in Fbn1C1039G/+ mice, which was attributed to substantially upregulated DHFR expression and activity in the endothelium to restore tissue and circulating levels of H4B. Notably, circulating H4B levels were accurately predictive of tissue H4B bioavailability, and negatively associated with expansion of aortic roots, indicating a novel biomarker role of circulating H4B for TAA. Furthermore, FA diet abrogated TGFβ and NOX4 expression, disrupting the feed-forward loop to inactivate TGFβ/NOX4/DHFR/eNOS uncoupling axis in vivo and in vitro, while PTIO, a NO scavenger, reversed this effect in cultured human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Besides, expression of the rate limiting H4B synthetic enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GTPCHI), was downregulated in Fbn1C1039G/+ mice at baseline. In cultured HAECs, RNAi inhibition of fibrillin resulted in reduced GTPCHI expression, while this response was abrogated by anti-TGFβ, indicating TGFβ-dependent downregulation of GTPCHI in response to fibrillin deficiency. Taken together, our data for the first time reveal that uncoupled eNOS plays a central role in TAA formation, while anti-TGFβ and FA diet robustly abolish aneurysm formation via inactivation of a novel TGFβ/NOX4/DHFR/eNOS uncoupling/TGFβ feed-forward pathway. Correction of fibrillin deficiency is additionally beneficial via preservation of GTPCHI function.
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Hypertension
Editors’ Picks. Hypertension 2020; 75:e17-e28. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wang H, Liu J, Liu K, Liu Y, Wen J, Wang Z, Wen S. Association of ECE1 gene polymorphisms and essential hypertension risk in the Northern Han Chinese: A case-control study. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1188. [PMID: 32107880 PMCID: PMC7196447 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The ECE1 gene polymorphisms have been studied as a candidate gene in essential hypertension, but no consensus has been reached. To systematically explore their possible association, a case‒control study was conducted. Methods This study included 398 hypertensive subjects and 596 healthy volunteers as control subjects in the Northern Han Chinese. A total of 10 tag SNPs of ECE1 gene were genotyped successfully by TaqMan assay. Results A total of 10 SNPs (rs212544, rs2076280, rs115071, rs2076283, rs9426748, rs11590928, rs212515, rs2236847, rs2282715, and rs2774028) were identified as the tag SNPs for ECE1 gene. Although no positive connection has been found in general population, several SNPs have been found to be related to EH risk in gender‐stratified subgroup analysis. In males, rs115071 T allele influenced EH risk in a protective manner, with dominant model (TT+TC vs. CC: p = .032, OR = 0.655, 95% CI = 0.445–0.965), additive model (TT vs. TC vs. CC: p = .019, OR = 0.616, 95% CI = 0.411–0.924), as well as allele comparison (T vs. C: p = .045, OR = 0.702, 95% CI = 0.496–0.992). While, in females, rs212544 AA genotype would increase the onset risk of EH (recessive model: AA vs. GA+GG, p = .024, OR = 1.847, 95% CI = 1.086–3.142). In the three haplotype blocks identified, rs2076283‐rs2236847 C‐T haplotype was associated with a decreased risk of EH (OR = 0.558, p = .046). Conclusion The current case‒control study suggested that several SNPs and related haplotypes on ECE1 gene might be associated with the susceptibility of EH in certain gender subgroups in the Northern Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Hypertension Research, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jielin Liu
- Department of Hypertension Research, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuo Liu
- Department of Hypertension Research, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Hypertension Research, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Hypertension Research, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuoguang Wang
- Department of Hypertension Research, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaojun Wen
- Department of Hypertension Research, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Kuo KL, Zhao JF, Huang PH, Guo BC, Tarng DC, Lee TS. Indoxyl sulfate impairs valsartan-induced neovascularization. Redox Biol 2020; 30:101433. [PMID: 31972507 PMCID: PMC6974788 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies revealed that the use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system antagonism is not associated with a statistically significant reduction in the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared with that in the general population. We tested the hypothesis that indoxyl sulfate (IS) can interfere with the protective effect of valsartan-mediated on endothelial function in vitro and neovascularization in mice underwent subtotal nephrectomy. In human aortic endothelial cells, we first demonstrated that IS impaired the valsartan-mediated phosphorylation of eNOSThr495, nitric oxide production and tube formation via NADPH oxidase (NOX) and protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation, but this effect was suppressed by cotreatment with apocynin and calphostin C. In vivo, IS attenuated valsartan-induced angiogenesis in Matrigel plugs in mice. Moreover, in subtotal nephrectomy mice who underwent hindlimb ischemic surgery, valsartan significantly increased the mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells in circulation as well as the reperfusion of blood flow and density of CD31+ capillaries in ischemic limbs. However, IS attenuated the protective effect of valsartan-induced neovascularization and increased the expression of p-PKCαSer657 and p-eNOSThr497 in ischemic limbs. Cotreatment of apocynin and calphostin C reversed the IS impaired-neovascularization and decreased the expression of p-PKCαSer657 and p-eNOSThr497 in ischemic limbs. Our study suggests that the NOX/PKC/eNOS signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in the IS-mediated inhibition of valsartan-conferred beneficial effects on endothelial function in vitro and neovascularization in subtotal nephrectomy mice. We proposed a novel causative role for IS in cardiovascular complications in CKD patients. The use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system antagonism fails to reduce in the risk cardiovascular events in patients with CKD. Indoxyl sulfate interferes with the protective effect of angiotensin II receptor blocker-mediated neovascularization in CKD mice. Indoxyl sulfate interferes with the beneficial effect of of valsartan on endothelial function by activating the NOX/PKC signaling pathway. This article proposed a novel causative role for indoxyl sulfate in cardiovascular complications in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Lin Kuo
- Division of Nephrology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Feng Zhao
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Institutes of Clinical Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Divisions of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bei-Chia Guo
- Graduate Institute and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Der-Cherng Tarng
- Institutes of Clinical Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department and Institute of Physiology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Immunology Research Centre, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tzong-Shyuan Lee
- Graduate Institute and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.
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NADPH oxidases and oxidase crosstalk in cardiovascular diseases: novel therapeutic targets. Nat Rev Cardiol 2019; 17:170-194. [PMID: 31591535 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-019-0260-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent production of ROS underlies sustained oxidative stress, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, aortic aneurysm, hypercholesterolaemia, atherosclerosis, diabetic vascular complications, cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias. Interactions between different oxidases or oxidase systems have been intensively investigated for their roles in inducing sustained oxidative stress. In this Review, we discuss the latest data on the pathobiology of each oxidase component, the complex crosstalk between different oxidase components and the consequences of this crosstalk in mediating cardiovascular disease processes, focusing on the central role of particular NADPH oxidase (NOX) isoforms that are activated in specific cardiovascular diseases. An improved understanding of these mechanisms might facilitate the development of novel therapeutic agents targeting these oxidase systems and their interactions, which could be effective in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disorders.
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Endothelial retinoblastoma protein reduces abdominal aortic aneurysm development via promoting DHFR/NO pathway-mediated vasoprotection. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 460:29-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03567-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Knockout of dihydrofolate reductase in mice induces hypertension and abdominal aortic aneurysm via mitochondrial dysfunction. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101185. [PMID: 30954686 PMCID: PMC6451172 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) are severe cardiovascular diseases with incompletely defined molecular mechanisms. In the current study we generated dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) knockout mice for the first time to examine its potential contribution to the development of hypertension and AAA, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. Whereas the homozygote knockout mice were embryonically lethal, the heterozygote knockout mice had global reduction in DHFR protein expression and activity. Angiotensin II infusion into these animals resulted in substantially exaggerated elevation in blood pressure and development of AAA, which was accompanied by excessive eNOS uncoupling activity (featured by significantly impaired tetrahydrobiopterin and nitric oxide bioavailability), vascular remodeling (MMP2 activation, medial elastin breakdown and adventitial fibrosis) and inflammation (macrophage infiltration). Importantly, scavenging of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species with Mito-Tempo in vivo completely abrogated development of hypertension and AAA in DHFR knockout mice, indicating a novel role of mitochondria in mediating hypertension and AAA downstream of DHFR deficiency-dependent eNOS uncoupling. These data for the first time demonstrate that targeting DHFR-deficiency driven mitochondrial dysfunction may represent an innovative therapeutic option for the treatment of AAA and hypertension.
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