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Cheung KS. Big data approach in the field of gastric and colorectal cancer research. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 39:1027-1032. [PMID: 38413187 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Big data is characterized by three attributes: volume, variety,, and velocity. In healthcare setting, big data refers to vast dataset that is electronically stored and managed in an automated manner and has the potential to enhance human health and healthcare system. In this review, gastric cancer (GC) and postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC) will be used to illustrate application of big data approach in the field of gastrointestinal cancer research. Helicobacter pylori (HP) eradication only reduces GC risk by 46% due to preexisting precancerous lesions. Apart from endoscopy surveillance, identifying medications that modify GC risk is another strategy. Population-based cohort studies showed that long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) associated with higher GC risk after HP eradication, while aspirin and statins associated with lower risk. While diabetes mellitus conferred 73% higher GC risk, metformin use associated with 51% lower risk, effect of which was independent of glycemic control. Nonetheless, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NA-NSAIDs) are not associated with lower GC risk. CRC can still occur after initial colonoscopy in which no cancer was detected (i.e. PCCRC). Between 2005 and 2013, the rate of interval-type PCCRC-3y (defined as CRC diagnosed between 6 and 36 months of index colonoscopy which was negative for CRC) was 7.9% in Hong Kong, with >80% being distal cancers and higher cancer-specific mortality compared with detected CRC. Certain clinical and endoscopy-related factors were associated with PCCRC-3 risk. Medications shown to have chemopreventive effects on PCCRC include statins, NA-NSAIDs, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Shing Cheung
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Cheung KS, Yan VKC, Ye X, Hung IFN, Chan EW, Leung WK. Proton pump inhibitors associated with severe COVID-19 among two-dose but not three-dose vaccine recipients. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024. [PMID: 38705849 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may increase the risk of COVID-19 among non-vaccinated subjects via various mechanisms, including gut dysbiosis. We aimed to investigate whether PPIs also affect the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 among vaccine recipients. METHODS This was a territory-wide cohort study of 3 272 286 vaccine recipients (aged ≥ 18 years) of ≥ 2 doses of either BNT162b2 or CoronaVac. Exclusion criteria included prior gastrointestinal surgery, immunocompromised status, and prior COVID-19. The primary outcome was COVID-19, and secondary outcomes included COVID-19-related hospitalization and severe infection (composite of intensive care unit admission, ventilatory support, and/or death). Covariates include age, sex, the Charlson Comorbidity Index, comorbidities, and concomitant medication use. Subjects were followed from index date (first dose of vaccination) until outcome occurrence, death, additional dose of vaccination, or March 31, 2022. Exposure was pre-vaccination PPI use (any prescription within 90 days before the index date). Propensity score (PS) matching and a Poisson regression model were used to estimate the adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) of outcomes with PPI use. RESULTS Among 439 154 PS-matched two-dose vaccine recipients (mean age: 65.3 years; male: 45.7%) with a median follow-up of 6.8 months (interquartile range: 2.6-7.9), PPI exposure was associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 (aIRR: 1.08; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.05-1.10), hospitalization (aIRR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.08-1.33), and severe infection (aIRR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.24-1.98). Among 188 360 PS-matched three-dose vaccine recipients (mean age: 62.5 years; male: 49.0%; median follow-up: 9.1 months [interquartile range: 8.0-10.9]), PPIs were associated with higher infection risk (aIRR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.08-1.15) but not other outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Although PPI use was associated with a higher COVID-19 risk, severe infection was limited to two-dose but not three-dose vaccine recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Shing Cheung
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Vincent K C Yan
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xuxiao Ye
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ivan F N Hung
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Esther W Chan
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wai K Leung
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
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Zmaili M, Alzubi J, Alkhayyat M, Albakri A, Alkhalaileh F, Longinow J, Moudgil R. Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: The Conjoined Twins. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1450. [PMID: 38672532 PMCID: PMC11048405 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer and cardiovascular disease are the two most common causes of death worldwide. As the fields of cardiovascular medicine and oncology continue to expand, the area of overlap is becoming more prominent demanding dedicated attention and individualized patient care. We have come to realize that both fields are inextricably intertwined in several aspects, so much so that the mere presence of one, with its resultant downstream implications, has an impact on the other. Nonetheless, cardiovascular disease and cancer are generally approached independently. The focus that is granted to the predominant pathological entity (either cardiovascular disease or cancer), does not allow for optimal medical care for the other. As a result, ample opportunities for improvement in overall health care are being overlooked. Herein, we hope to shed light on the interconnected relationship between cardiovascular disease and cancer and uncover some of the unintentionally neglected intricacies of common cardiovascular therapeutics from an oncologic standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zmaili
- Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Jafar Alzubi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19141, USA
| | - Motasem Alkhayyat
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Almaza Albakri
- Jordanian Royal Medical Services, Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdullah II Ben Al-Hussein Street, Amman 11855, Jordan
| | - Feras Alkhalaileh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Joshua Longinow
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Rohit Moudgil
- Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Mao X, Cheung KS, Tan JT, Mak LY, Lee CH, Chiang CL, Cheng HM, Hui RWH, Yuen MF, Leung WK, Seto WK. Optimal glycaemic control and the reduced risk of colorectal adenoma and cancer in patients with diabetes: a population-based cohort study. Gut 2024:gutjnl-2023-331701. [PMID: 38569845 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-331701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Whether varying degrees of glycaemic control impact colonic neoplasm risk in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) remains uncertain. DESIGN Patients with newly diagnosed DM were retrieved from 2005 to 2013. Optimal glycaemic control at baseline was defined as mean haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)<7%. Outcomes of interest included colorectal cancer (CRC) and colonic adenoma development. We used propensity score (PS) matching with competing risk models to estimate subdistribution HRs (SHRs). We further analysed the combined effect of baseline and postbaseline glycaemic control based on time-weighted mean HbA1c during follow-up. RESULTS Of 88 468 PS-matched patients with DM (mean (SD) age: 61.5 (±11.7) years; male: 47 127 (53.3%)), 1229 (1.4%) patients developed CRC during a median follow-up of 7.2 (IQR: 5.5-9.4) years. Optimal glycaemic control was associated with lower CRC risk (SHR 0.72; 95% CI 0.65 to 0.81). The beneficial effect was limited to left-sided colon (SHR 0.71; 95% CI 0.59 to 0.85) and rectum (SHR 0.71; 95% CI 0.57 to 0.89), but not right-sided colon (SHR 0.86; 95% CI 0.67 to 1.10). Setting suboptimal glycaemic control at baseline/postbaseline as a reference, a decreased CRC risk was found in optimal control at postbaseline (SHR 0.79), baseline (SHR 0.71) and both time periods (SHR 0.61). Similar associations were demonstrated using glycaemic control as a time-varying covariate (HR 0.75). A stepwise greater risk of CRC was found (Ptrend<0.001) with increasing HbA1c (SHRs 1.34, 1.30, 1.44, 1.58 for HbA1c 7.0% to <7.5%, 7.5% to <8.0%, 8.0% to <8.5% and ≥8.5%, respectively). Optimal glycaemic control was associated with a lower risk of any, non-advanced and advanced colonic adenoma (SHRs 0.73-0.87). CONCLUSION Glycaemic control in patients with DM was independently associated with the risk of colonic adenoma and CRC development with a biological gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhua Mao
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ka Shing Cheung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing-Tong Tan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lung-Yi Mak
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Ho Lee
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Leung Chiang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ho Ming Cheng
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rex Wan-Hin Hui
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Man Fung Yuen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wai Keung Leung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wai-Kay Seto
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Xu H, Lu J, Huang F, Zhang Q, Liu S, Chen Z, Li S. A genome-wide CRISPR screen identified host genes essential for intracellular Brucella survival. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0338323. [PMID: 38376367 PMCID: PMC10986529 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03383-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Brucella is a zoonotic intracellular bacterium that poses threats to human health and economic security. Intracellular infection is a hallmark of the agent Brucella and a primary cause of distress, through which the bacterium regulates the host intracellular environment to promote its own colonization and replication, evading host immunity and pharmaceutical killing. Current studies of Brucella intracellular processes are typically premised on bacterial phenotype such as intracellular bacterial survival, followed by biochemical or molecular biological approaches to reveal detailed mechanisms. While such processes can deepen the understanding of Brucella-host interaction, the insights into host alterations in infection would be easily restricted to known pathways. In the current study, we applied CRISPR Cas9 screen to identify host genes that are most affected by Brucella infection on cell viability at the genomic level. As a result of CRISPR screening, we firstly identified that knockout of the negatively selected genes GOLGA6L6, DEFB103B, OR4F29, and ERCC6 attenuate the viability of both the host cells and intracellular Brucella, suggesting these genes to be potential therapeutic targets for Brucella control. In particular, knockout of DEFB103B diminished Brucella intracellular survival by altering host cell autophagy. Conversely, knockout of positive screening genes promoted intracellular proliferation of Brucella. In summary, we screened host genes at the genomic level throughout Brucella infection, identified host genes that are previously not recognized to be involved in Brucella infection, and provided targets for intracellular infection control.IMPORTANCEBrucella is a Gram-negative bacterium that infects common mammals causing arthritis, myalgia, neuritis, orchitis, or miscarriage and is difficult to cure with antibiotics due to its intracellular parasitism. Therefore, unraveling the mechanism of Brucella-host interactions will help controlling Brucella infections. CRISPR-Cas9 is a gene editing technology that directs knockout of individual target genes by guided RNA, from which genome-wide gene-knockout cell libraries can be constructed. Upon infection with Brucella, the cell library would show differences in viability as a result of the knockout and specific genes could be revealed by genomic DNA sequencing. As a result, genes affecting cell viability during Brucella infection were identified. Further testing of gene function may reveal the mechanisms of Brucella-host interactions, thereby contributing to clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- Department of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Zeliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shanhu Li
- Department of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
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Sun J, Zhang C, Su X, Zhou H, Zhou S, Jiang M, Fang B. Several first-line anti-hypertensives act on fibrosarcoma progression and PD1ab blockade therapy. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:147. [PMID: 38373964 PMCID: PMC10875773 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04627-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients are typically diagnosed with both hypertension and fibrosarcoma. Medical oncologists must prescribe suitable anti-hypertensive medications while considering anti-tumor drugs. Recently, immunotherapy has become prominent in cancer treatment. Nonetheless, it is unknown what role anti-hypertensive medications will play in immunotherapy. METHODS We examined the effects of six first-line anti-hypertensive medications on programmed cell death protein 1 antibody (PD1ab) in tumor treatment using a mouse model of subcutaneous fibrosarcoma. The drugs examined were verapamil, losartan, furosemide, spironolactone, captopril, and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). The infiltration of CD8+ T cells was examined by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, several in vitro and in vivo assays were used to study the effects of HCTZ on human fibrosarcoma cancer cells to explore its mechanism. RESULTS Verapamil suppressed tumor growth and showed an improved effect on the tumor inhibition of PD1ab. Captopril did not affect tumor growth but brought an unexpected benefit to PD1ab treatment. In contrast, spironolactone and furosemide showed no effect on tumor growth but had an offset effect on the PD1ab therapy. Consequently, the survival time of mice was also significantly reduced. Notably, losartan and HCTZ, especially HCTZ, promoted tumor growth and weakened the effect of PD1ab treatment. Consistent results were observed in vivo and in vitro using the human fibrosarcoma cell line HT1080. We determined that the Solute Carrier Family 12 Member 3 (SLC12A3), a known target of HCTZ, may be the principal factor underlying its effect-enhancing properties through mechanism studies employing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data and in vivo and in vitro assays. CONCLUSION Verapamil and captopril potentiated the anti-tumor effect of PD1ab, whereas spironolactone and furosemide weakened the effect of PD1ab on tumor inhibition. Alarmingly, losartan and HCTZ promoted tumor growth and impaired the effect of PD1ab. Furthermore, we preliminarily found that HCTZ may promote tumor progression through SLC12A3. Based on this study, futher mechanism researches and clinical trials should be conducted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jishou University, The People's Hospital of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture, Jishou, China
| | | | - Xinhao Su
- Department of Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Haoyun Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siyun Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minjie Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Binbo Fang
- Department of Medicine, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, China.
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Rouette J, McDonald EG, Schuster T, Matok I, Brophy JM, Azoulay L. Thiazide Diuretics and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol 2024; 193:47-57. [PMID: 37579305 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence from clinical trials and observational studies on the association between thiazide diuretics and colorectal cancer risk is conflicting. We aimed to determine whether thiazide diuretics are associated with an increased colorectal cancer risk compared with dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (dCCBs). A population-based, new-user cohort was assembled using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Between 1990-2018, we compared thiazide diuretic initiators with dCCB initiators and estimated hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of colorectal cancer using Cox proportional hazard models. Models were weighted using standardized morbidity ratio weights generated from calendar time-specific propensity scores. The cohort included 377,760 thiazide diuretic initiators and 364,300 dCCB initiators, generating 3,619,883 person-years of follow-up. Compared with dCCBs, thiazide diuretics were not associated with colorectal cancer (weighted HR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.90, 1.04). Secondary analyses yielded similar results, although an increased risk was observed among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (weighted HR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.13, 5.35) and potentially polyps (weighted HR = 1.46, 95% CI: 0.93, 2.30). Compared with dCCBs, thiazide diuretics were not associated with an overall increased colorectal cancer risk. While these findings provide some reassurance, research is needed to corroborate the elevated risks observed among patients with inflammatory bowel disease and history of polyps.
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Qi J, Bhatti P, Spinelli JJ, Murphy RA. Antihypertensive medications and risk of colorectal cancer in British Columbia. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1301423. [PMID: 38026942 PMCID: PMC10662292 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1301423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: There is conflicting evidence for the association between antihypertensive medications and colorectal cancer risk, possibly reflecting methodological limitations of previously conducted studies. Here, we aimed to clarify associations between commonly prescribed antihypertensive medication classes and colorectal cancer risk in a large, retrospective, cohort study. Methods: Using linked administrative data between 1996 and 2017 from British Columbia, we identified a cohort of 1,693,297 men and women who were 50 years of age or older, initially cancer-free and nonusers of antihypertensive medications. Medication use was parameterized as ever use, cumulative duration, and cumulative dose. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for associations of time-varying medication use [angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), beta-blockers (BBs), calcium channel blockers (CCBs), and diuretics] with colorectal cancer risk. Results: There were 28,460 incident cases of colorectal cancer identified over the follow-up period (mean = 12.9 years). When medication use was assessed as ever/never, diuretics were associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.04-1.12). However, no similar association was observed with cumulative duration or cumulative dose of diuretics. No significant associations between the other four classes of medications and colorectal cancer risk were observed. Conclusion: No compelling evidence of associations between antihypertensive medications and colorectal cancer were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Qi
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Parveen Bhatti
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John J. Spinelli
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rachel A. Murphy
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Hassani B, Attar Z, Firouzabadi N. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) signaling pathways and cancer: foes versus allies. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:254. [PMID: 37891636 PMCID: PMC10604988 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), is an old system with new fundamental roles in cancer biology which influences cell growth, migration, death, and metastasis. RAAS signaling enhances cell proliferation in malignancy directly and indirectly by affecting tumor cells and modulating angiogenesis. Cancer development may be influenced by the balance between the ACE/Ang II/AT1R and the ACE2/Ang 1-7/Mas receptor pathways. The interactions between Ang II/AT1R and Ang I/AT2R as well as Ang1-7/Mas and alamandine/MrgD receptors in the RAAS pathway can significantly impact the development of cancer. Ang I/AT2R, Ang1-7/Mas, and alamandine/MrgD interactions can have anticancer effects while Ang II/AT1R interactions can be involved in the development of cancer. Evidence suggests that inhibitors of the RAAS, which are conventionally used to treat cardiovascular diseases, may be beneficial in cancer therapies.Herein, we aim to provide a thorough description of the elements of RAAS and their molecular play in cancer. Alongside this, the role of RAAS components in sex-dependent cancers as well as GI cancers will be discussed with the hope of enlightening new venues for adjuvant cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Hassani
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Attar
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Firouzabadi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Dagher YG, El Helou S, Haifa KG, Chalhoub IG, Boulos RT, Atallah B, Nasr F, Kassab I, Chahine MN. The association between angiotensin receptor blockers and lung, bladder, and colon cancer development: A 10-year multicentric retrospective Lebanese study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34901. [PMID: 37682163 PMCID: PMC10489396 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death globally, followed by cancer. Angiotensin II contributes greatly to CVD pathogenesis, and Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) constitute a mainstay in hypertension and CVD management. However, the relationship between ARBs and cancer initiation is controversial, with no clear data in Lebanon. Therefore, our study aimed to determine the association between ARBs intake and lung, bladder, and colorectal cancers development in the Lebanese population. A retrospective study was conducted on 709 subjects divided into 2 main groups: Control (subjects without cancer; n = 177), and Cases (patients with cancer (n = 532): lung, bladder, or colorectal), taking ARBs (n = 236, (n = 121 in control and n = 115 in cases)) or not (n = 473). Collected information included the patients demographics, comorbidities, cancer's risk factors, and ARBs dose and duration intake. Bivariate, multivariate, and binary logistic analyses were enrolled. ARBs use was significantly protective (P value = 0.000) against overall cancer development (odds ratio [OR] = 0.127) and against each, lung (OR < 1), bladder (OR < 1), and colorectal cancers (OR < 1). A duration-response relationship was established. This protective effect and the time-dependent relationship remained unchanged after omitting the most relevant risk factors. In summary, a significant overall protective effect of ARBs against lung, bladder and colorectal cancers was found. This beneficial response was time-dependent. These results can guide patients on treatment options and clinicians for informed decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara G. Dagher
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Sandra El Helou
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Karen G. Haifa
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | | | - Rita T. Boulos
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | | | - Fadi Nasr
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Hotel Dieu DE France, Achrafieh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Issam Kassab
- National Center of Pharmacovigilance, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Mirna N. Chahine
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- Foundation-Medical Research Institutes (F-MRI), Beirut, Lebanon/Geneva, Switzerland
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Wu J, Xia C, Liu C, Zhang Q, Xia C. The role of gut microbiota and drug interactions in the development of colorectal cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1265136. [PMID: 37680706 PMCID: PMC10481531 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1265136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem regulating the host's environmental interaction. The same functional food or drug may have varying bioavailability and distinct effects on different individuals. Drugs such as antibiotics can alter the intestinal flora, thus affecting health. However, the relationship between intestinal flora and non-antibiotic drugs is bidirectional: it is not only affected by drugs; nevertheless, it can alter the drug structure through enzymes and change the bioavailability, biological activity, or toxicity of drugs to improve their efficacy and safety. This review summarizes the roles and mechanisms of antibiotics, antihypertensive drugs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, lipid-lowering drugs, hypoglycemic drugs, virus-associated therapies, metabolites, and dietary in modulating the colorectal cancer gut microbiota. It provides a reference for future antitumor therapy targeting intestinal microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinna Wu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Xia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Can Liu
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianshi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chenglai Xia
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Lui DTW, Wu T, Tang EHM, Au ICH, Lee CH, Woo YC, Tan KCB, Wong CKH. Fracture risks associated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes patients across eGFR and albuminuria categories: A population-based study in Hong Kong. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 197:110576. [PMID: 36780955 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) risk among type 2 diabetes patients treated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) across eGFR and albuminuria categories. METHODS A population-based cohort of type 2 diabetes patients started on SGLT2i or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) during 2007-2020 was identified from Hong Kong Hospital Authority database. One-to-one propensity score matching was applied to match each SGLT2i user with one DPP4i user. The primary outcomes were 180- and 365-day risks of MOF. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR). RESULTS A total of 28,696 patients (14,348 in each group) were included. Over 180-day follow-up, MOF occurred in 25 (0.17 %) SGLT2i users and 24 (0.17 %) DPP4i users (incidence of 4.07 and 3.63/1,000 person-years, respectively). At 365 days, MOF occurred in 43 (0.30 %) SGLT2i users and 44 (0.31 %) DPP4i users (incidence of 4.16 and 3.64/1,000 person-years, respectively). Risks of MOF were comparable between two groups at both 180 days (HR = 1.13, 95 %CI 0.65-1.98, P = 0.67) and 365 days (HR = 1.15, 95 %CI 0.75-1.75, P = 0.52). Subgroup analyses were consistent across age, sex, eGFR, albuminuria, or KDIGO categories. CONCLUSIONS Our study did not reveal a statistically significant increase in fracture risk with SGLT2i use compared with DPP4i among type 2 diabetes patients, across eGFR and albuminuria categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tak Wai Lui
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eric Ho Man Tang
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ivan Chi Ho Au
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Ho Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Cho Woo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kathryn Choon Beng Tan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Carlos King Ho Wong
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited (D(2)4H), Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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13
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Cardiovascular Disease as a Consequence or a Cause of Cancer: Potential Role of Extracellular Vesicles. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020321. [PMID: 36830690 PMCID: PMC9953640 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Both cardiovascular disease and cancer continue to be causes of morbidity and mortality all over the world. Preventing and treating heart disease in patients undergoing cancer treatment remain an important and ongoing challenge for improving the lives of cancer patients, but also for their survival. Despite ongoing efforts to improve patient survival, minimal advances have been made in the early detection of cardiovascular disease in patients suffering from cancer. Understanding the communication between cancer and cardiovascular disease can be based on a deeper knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that define the profile of the bilateral network and establish disease-specific biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The role of exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, together defined as extracellular vesicles (EVs), in cross talk between cardiovascular disease and cancer is in an incipient form of research. Here, we will discuss the preclinical evidence on the bilateral connection between cancer and cardiovascular disease (especially early cardiac changes) through some specific mediators such as EVs. Investigating EV-based biomarkers and therapies may uncover the responsible mechanisms, detect the early stages of cardiovascular damage and elucidate novel therapeutic approaches. The ultimate goal is to reduce the burden of cardiovascular diseases by improving the standard of care in oncological patients treated with anticancer drugs or radiotherapy.
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14
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Bueno V, Frasca D. Mini-review: Angiotensin- converting enzyme 1 (ACE1) and the impact for diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, sarcopenia, cancer, and COVID-19. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1117502. [PMID: 36756193 PMCID: PMC9899811 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1117502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ageing has been associated with comorbidities, systemic low-grade of inflammation, and immunosenescence. Hypertension is the most common morbidity and anti-hypertensives are used for more than 50%. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) control blood pressure but also seem to play a role in comorbidities such as Alzheimer's disease, sarcopenia and cancer. The impact of anti-hypertensives in comorbidities is due to the expression of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in several tissues and body fluids. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE1) has been linked to oxidative stress, metabolism, and inflammation. The levels and activity of ACE1 are under genetic control and polymorphisms have been correlated with susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease. In addition, some results found that ACEi and ARB users present delayed cognitive decline and reduced risk of dementia. Regarding to sarcopenia, RAS has been linked to the catabolic and anabolic pathways for muscle mass maintenance. In some studies, older adults using ACEi were highly benefited by exercise training. In cancer, RAS and its products have been shown to play a role since their inhibition in animal models modulates tumor microenvironment and improves the delivery of chemotherapy drugs. Clinically, the incidence of colorectal cancer is reduced in patients using ACEi and ARB. During the pandemic COVID-19 it was found that ACE2 receptor plays a role in the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host cell. ACE1 genotypes have been linked to an increased risk for COVID-19 and severe disease. In some studies COVID-19 patients taking ARB or ACEi presented better outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valquiria Bueno
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Parasitology, UNIFESP Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: Valquiria Bueno,
| | - Daniela Frasca
- Department of Immunology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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15
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Zhang Y, Song M, Chan AT, Meyerhardt JA, Willett WC, Giovannucci EL. Long-term use of antihypertensive medications, hypertension and colorectal cancer risk and mortality: a prospective cohort study. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:1974-1982. [PMID: 36138074 PMCID: PMC9681847 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01975-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension and the use of antihypertensive medications have been intensively investigated in relation to colorectal cancer (CRC). Prior epidemiologic studies have not been able to examine this topic with adequate confounding control and follow-up time, or disentangle the effects of antihypertensive agents and hypertension. METHODS Eligible participants in the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study were followed for up to 28 years, with repeat assessments of exposures. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS In fully adjusted analyses based on both new-user and prevalent-user designs, there was no association between the use of beta-blockers, calcium-channel blockers, thiazide diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, furosemide, other antihypertensive drugs and CRC risk and mortality reached the statistically significant threshold after Bonferroni correction. The results remained similar in sensitivity analyses among participants with hypertension. Before Bonferroni correction, suggestive associations between beta-blocker use and CRC risk and between furosemide use and CRC-specific mortality were observed specifically in analyses using a new-user design. Hypertension was not associated with CRC risk in analyses based on both new-user and prevalent-user designs. CONCLUSIONS Hypertension and long-term use of major classes of antihypertensive medications are unlikely to be associated with CRC risk and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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16
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Impact of hereditary thrombophilia on cancer-associated thrombosis, tumour susceptibility and progression: A review of existing evidence. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188778. [PMID: 35963552 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a cardiovascular disorder frequently diagnosed among cancer patients. Aside from being common, VTE severely deteriorates the prognosis of these patients as they face a higher risk of morbidity and mortality, which makes clinical tools able to identify the patients more prompt to thrombogenesis very attractive. Over the years, several genetic polymorphisms have been linked with VTE susceptibility in the general population. However, their clinical usefulness as predictive biomarkers for cancer-related VTE is yet unclear. Furthermore, as a two-way association between cancer and VTE is well-recognized, with haemostatic components fuelling tumour progression, haemostatic gene polymorphisms constitute potential cancer predictive and/or prognostic biomarkers as well. Thus, in this article, we review the existing evidence on the role of these polymorphisms on cancer-related VTE and their impact on cancer onset and progression. Despite the promising findings, the existing studies had inconsistent results most likely due to their limited statistical power and population heterogeneity. Future studies are therefore required to clarify the role of these polymorphisms in setting of malignancy.
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17
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Kaneko H, Yano Y, Lee HH, Lee H, Okada A, Itoh H, Morita K, Fukui A, Fujiu K, Suzuki Y, Matsuoka S, Nakamura S, Michihata N, Jo T, Takeda N, Morita H, Yokoo T, Nishiyama A, Node K, Viera AJ, Muntner P, Oparil S, Kim HC, Yasunaga H, Komuro I. Medication-Naïve Blood Pressure and Incident Cancers: Analysis of 2 Nationwide Population-Based Databases. Am J Hypertens 2022; 35:731-739. [PMID: 35512273 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpac054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Results of preceding studies on the relationship between blood pressure (BP) and cancers have been confounded due to individuals taking antihypertensive medications or shared risk factors. We assessed whether medication-naïve high BP is a risk factor for incident cancers. METHODS This retrospective observational study included 1,388,331 individuals without a prior history of cancer and not taking antihypertensive medications enrolled in the JMDC Claims Database between 2005 and 2018. The primary outcome was 16 cancers. RESULTS The median [interquartile range] age was 45 [40-52] years and 56.2% were men. Mean systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were 117.7 ± 15.8 and 72.8 ± 11.6 mm Hg. Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that SBP per 1-SD was associated with a higher incidence of thyroid (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.16), esophageal (HR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.07-1.24), colorectal (HR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.07), liver (HR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.03-1.20), and kidney (HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.14-1.31) cancers, but with a lower incidence of stomach cancer (HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.91-0.98). These associations remained significant after adjustment for multiple testing. DBP was associated with higher incidences of thyroid, esophageal, colorectal, kidney, and corpus uteri cancers, but with a lower incidence of stomach cancer. The associations between SBP and incidences of thyroid, esophageal, colorectal, liver, and kidney cancers were confirmed in the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. CONCLUSIONS Medication-naïve BP was associated with higher incidences of thyroid, esophageal, colorectal, liver, and kidney cancers. Uncovering the underlying mechanisms for our results may help identify novel therapeutic approach for hypertension and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Kaneko
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Advanced Cardiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yano
- YCU Center for Novel and Exploratory Clinical Trials, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hyeok-Hee Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hokyou Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Akira Okada
- Department of Prevention of Diabetes and Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Itoh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kojiro Morita
- Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Fukui
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhito Fujiu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Advanced Cardiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsuoka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Cardiology, New Tokyo Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Sunao Nakamura
- Department of Cardiology, New Tokyo Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Michihata
- Department of Health Services Research, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Jo
- Department of Health Services Research, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norifumi Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokoo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Anthony J Viera
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul Muntner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Suzanne Oparil
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hideo Yasunaga
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Anti-hypertensive medications and risk of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Causes Control 2022; 33:801-812. [PMID: 35314908 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-022-01570-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Antihypertensive medications may impact colorectal cancer risk. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of associations, with colorectal cancer risk, of five classes of antihypertensive medications: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), beta-blockers (BBs), calcium channel blockers (CCBs), and diuretics. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane library to identify relevant studies evaluating associations of ACEIs, ARBs, BBs, CCBs, and diuretics with colorectal cancer risk. Meta-analytic risk ratios (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using the inverse variance method. RESULTS No overall significant associations with colorectal cancer risk were observed; ACEIs (5 studies) RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.91-1.23, ARBs (5 studies) RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.80-1.11, BBs (4 studies) RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.92-1.08, CCBs (4 studies) RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.88-1.18, and diuretics (6 studies) RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.90-1.17. There was considerable heterogeneity across studies, partly explained by differences in study design and location. When stratified by study location, there was significantly reduced colorectal cancer risk for ARB use in Asian populations (2 studies, RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.58-0.83). CONCLUSION No significant colorectal cancer risk with ACEIs, BBs, CCBs, or diuretics was observed. ARB use may be associated with decreased risk of colorectal cancer in Asian populations, although additional studies in diverse populations are needed to confirm associations and help understand possible reasons for geographical differences.
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19
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Cheung KS, Chan EW, Tam A, Wong IOL, Seto WK, Hung IFN, Wong ICK, Leung WK. Association between antibiotic consumption and colon and rectal cancer development in older individuals: A territory-wide study. Cancer Med 2022; 11:3863-3872. [PMID: 35488387 PMCID: PMC9582694 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antibiotics may alter colorectal cancer (CRC) risk due to gut dysbiosis. We aimed to study the specific and temporal effects of various antibiotics on CRC development in older individuals. Methods This was a territory‐wide retrospective cohort study. Subjects aged 60 years and older who did not have CRC diagnosed on screening/diagnostic colonoscopy diagnosed between 2005 and 2013 were recruited. Exclusion criteria were history of CRC, colectomy, inflammatory bowel disease, and CRC diagnosed within 6 months of index colonoscopy. Exposure was use of any antibiotics up to 5 years before colonoscopy. The primary outcomes were CRC diagnosed >6 m after colonoscopy. Covariates were patient demographics, history of colonic polyps/polypectomy, concomitant medication use (NSAIDs, COX‐2 inhibitors, aspirin, and statins), and performance of endoscopy centers (colonoscopy volume and polypectomy rate). Stratified analysis was conducted according to nature of antibiotics and location of cancer. Results Ninety seven thousand one hundred and sixty‐two eligible subjects (with 1026 [1.0%] cases of CRC) were identified, 58,704 (60.4%) of whom were exposed to antibiotics before index colonoscopy. Use of antibiotics was associated with a lower risk of cancer in rectum (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.54–0.76), but a higher risk of cancer in proximal colon (aHR: 1.63, 95%CI: 1.15–2.32). These effects differed as regards the anti‐anaerobic/anti‐aerobic activity, narrow‐/broad‐spectrum, and administration route of antibiotics. Conclusions Antibiotics had divergent effects on CRC development in older subjects, which varied according to the location of cancer, antibiotic class, and administration route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Shing Cheung
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong City, Hong Kong.,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong&Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Esther W Chan
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong City, Hong Kong
| | - Anthony Tam
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong City, Hong Kong
| | - Irene O L Wong
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong City, Hong Kong
| | - Wai Kay Seto
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong City, Hong Kong.,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong&Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ivan F N Hung
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong City, Hong Kong
| | - Ian C K Wong
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong City, Hong Kong.,UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Wai K Leung
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong City, Hong Kong
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20
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Venkatanarayana M, Nuchu R, Babu HS. Ultrasound assisted effective synthesis of benzopril based indole derivatives, docking studies: And there in vitro anti-proliferative effects on various cancer cell lines. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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21
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Dong Y, Wang P, Jiao J, Yang X, Chen M, Li J. Antihypertensive Therapy by ACEI/ARB Is Associated With Intestinal Flora Alterations and Metabolomic Profiles in Hypertensive Patients. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:861829. [PMID: 35399511 PMCID: PMC8986158 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.861829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEI/ARB) are the first-line drugs for the treatment of essential hypertension (HTN), one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Intestinal flora and microbial metabolites have been demonstrated to play important roles in blood pressure (BP) regulation and HTN development. However, it remains elusive that intestinal bacteria and metabolites are associated with the protective effects of ACEI/ARB anti-hypertensive drugs against HTN. In this study, we evaluated the effect of ACEI/ARB on gut microbiome and metabolites in patients suffering from HTN. We performed 16S rRNA sequencing and fecal metabolomic analysis of 36 HTN patients placed on ACEI/ARB therapy and 19 newly diagnosed HTN patients with no history of anti-hypertensive treatment. Patients under medication treatment were further classified into well-controlled (n = 24) and poor-controlled (n = 12) groups according to their BP levels. The ACEI/ARB improved the intestinal microbiome of the HTN patients by reducing potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Enterobacter and Klebsiella and increasing beneficial bacteria such as Odoribacter. Moreover, ACEI/ARB therapy was correlated with significant metabolomic changes in the HTN patients, including progressively enhanced inositol from poor-controlled to well-controlled groups. The profiles of gut bacteria were linked to the production of metabolites, and inositol was negatively correlated with Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Proteobacteria. Our study suggests that ACEI/ARB modulates gut microbial composition and functions and alters microbial metabolites in HTN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jing Li
- *Correspondence: Jing Li, ; Mulei Chen,
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22
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Yarmolinsky J, Díez-Obrero V, Richardson TG, Pigeyre M, Sjaarda J, Paré G, Walker VM, Vincent EE, Tan VY, Obón-Santacana M, Albanes D, Hampe J, Gsur A, Hampel H, Pai RK, Jenkins M, Gallinger S, Casey G, Zheng W, Amos CI, Smith GD, Martin RM, Moreno V. Genetically proxied therapeutic inhibition of antihypertensive drug targets and risk of common cancers: A mendelian randomization analysis. PLoS Med 2022; 19:e1003897. [PMID: 35113855 PMCID: PMC8812899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have reported conflicting findings on the potential adverse effects of long-term antihypertensive medication use on cancer risk. Naturally occurring variation in genes encoding antihypertensive drug targets can be used as proxies for these targets to examine the effect of their long-term therapeutic inhibition on disease outcomes. METHODS AND FINDINGS We performed a mendelian randomization analysis to examine the association between genetically proxied inhibition of 3 antihypertensive drug targets and risk of 4 common cancers (breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ACE, ADRB1, and SLC12A3 associated (P < 5.0 × 10-8) with systolic blood pressure (SBP) in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were used to proxy inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), β-1 adrenergic receptor (ADRB1), and sodium-chloride symporter (NCC), respectively. Summary genetic association estimates for these SNPs were obtained from GWAS consortia for the following cancers: breast (122,977 cases, 105,974 controls), colorectal (58,221 cases, 67,694 controls), lung (29,266 cases, 56,450 controls), and prostate (79,148 cases, 61,106 controls). Replication analyses were performed in the FinnGen consortium (1,573 colorectal cancer cases, 120,006 controls). Cancer GWAS and FinnGen consortia data were restricted to individuals of European ancestry. Inverse-variance weighted random-effects models were used to examine associations between genetically proxied inhibition of these drug targets and risk of cancer. Multivariable mendelian randomization and colocalization analyses were employed to examine robustness of findings to violations of mendelian randomization assumptions. Genetically proxied ACE inhibition equivalent to a 1-mm Hg reduction in SBP was associated with increased odds of colorectal cancer (odds ratio (OR) 1.13, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.22; P = 3.6 × 10-4). This finding was replicated in the FinnGen consortium (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.92; P = 0.035). There was little evidence of association of genetically proxied ACE inhibition with risk of breast cancer (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.02, P = 0.35), lung cancer (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.10; P = 0.93), or prostate cancer (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.13; P = 0.08). Genetically proxied inhibition of ADRB1 and NCC were not associated with risk of these cancers. The primary limitations of this analysis include the modest statistical power for analyses of drug targets in relation to some less common histological subtypes of cancers examined and the restriction of the majority of analyses to participants of European ancestry. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we observed that genetically proxied long-term ACE inhibition was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer, warranting comprehensive evaluation of the safety profiles of ACE inhibitors in clinical trials with adequate follow-up. There was little evidence to support associations across other drug target-cancer risk analyses, consistent with findings from short-term randomized controlled trials for these medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Yarmolinsky
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Virginia Díez-Obrero
- Biomarkers and Susceptibility Unit, Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Tom G. Richardson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Pigeyre
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jennifer Sjaarda
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Venexia M. Walker
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Emma E. Vincent
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Y. Tan
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Mireia Obón-Santacana
- Biomarkers and Susceptibility Unit, Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrea Gsur
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heather Hampel
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rish K. Pai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Mark Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Graham Casey
- Center for Public Health Genomics and Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Christopher I. Amos
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M. Martin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- University Hospitals Bristol, NHS Foundation Trust, National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Victor Moreno
- Biomarkers and Susceptibility Unit, Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Deng Y, Xie Y, Wang M, Xu P, Wei B, Li N, Wu Y, Yang S, Zhou L, Hao Q, Lyu L, Zhang D, Dai Z. Effects of Antihypertensive Drugs Use on Risk and Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of 37 Observational Studies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:670657. [PMID: 35087400 PMCID: PMC8789244 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.670657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Antihypertensive drugs might play a key role in the risk and poor prognosis of colorectal cancer. However, current epidemiologic evidence remains inconsistent. The aim of this study is to quantify the association between antihypertensive drugs and colorectal cancer. Methods: To identify available studies, we systematically searched electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library. The risk estimates and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were collected and analyzed by using random-effects models. Heterogeneity test and sensitivity analysis were also performed. Results: Overall, 37 observational studies were included in this analysis (26 studies with cohort design, three studies with nested case-control design, and 8 studies with case-control design). Antihypertensive drugs did not present a significant effect on the risk or overall survival of patients with colorectal cancer [Risk ratio (RR) = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.95-1.04; Hazard ratio (HR) = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.84-1.02]. In the subgroup analysis, diuretics use was significantly associated with a worse overall survival of patients with colorectal cancer (HR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.14-1.40). However, use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers was associated with improved progression-free survival of patients who suffered from colorectal cancer (HR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.72-0.95). Conclusion: Antihypertensive drug usage did not influence the risk and overall survival of patients with colorectal cancer in general. Further investigation reminded us that diuretics use might reduce the overall survival time in colorectal cancer patients, whereas those who took Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers had a longer progression-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Deng
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuxiu Xie
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Oncology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bajin Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Si Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Linghui Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Hao
- Department of Oncology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lijuan Lyu
- Department of Oncology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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24
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Anti-Colon Cancer Activity of Novel Peptides Isolated from In Vitro Digestion of Quinoa Protein in Caco-2 Cells. Foods 2022; 11:foods11020194. [PMID: 35053925 PMCID: PMC8774364 DOI: 10.3390/foods11020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinoa peptides are the bioactive components obtained from quinoa protein digestion, which have been proved to possess various biological activities. However, there are few studies on the anticancer activity of quinoa peptides, and the mechanism has not been clarified. In this study, the novel quinoa peptides were obtained from quinoa protein hydrolysate and identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The anticancer activity of these peptides was predicted by PeptideRanker and evaluated using an antiproliferative assay in colon cancer Caco-2 cells. Combined with the result of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) inhibitory activity assay, the highly anticancer activity peptides FHPFPR, NWFPLPR, and HYNPYFPG were screened and further investigated. Molecular docking was used to analyze the binding site between peptides and HDAC1, and results showed that three peptides were bound in the active pocket of HDAC1. Moreover, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and Western blot showed that the expression of HDAC1, NFκB, IL-6, IL-8, Bcl-2 was significantly decreased, whereas caspase3 expression showed a remarkable evaluation. In conclusion, quinoa peptides may have the potential to protect against cancer development by inhibiting HDAC1 activity and regulating the expression of the cancer-related genes, which indicates that these peptides could be explored as functional foods to alleviate colon cancer.
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25
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Harewood R, Disney R, Kinross J, von Wagner C, Cross AJ. Medication use and risk of proximal colon cancer: a systematic review of prospective studies with narrative synthesis and meta-analysis. Cancer Causes Control 2021; 32:1047-1061. [PMID: 34224060 PMCID: PMC8417019 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-021-01472-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence of differences in the etiology of, and poorer survival from, proximal colon compared to the distal colorectum, necessitates research into its risk factors. This systematic review summarizes the evidence on medication use and proximal colon cancer risk. METHODS MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for prospective studies investigating nine medication groups, namely non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), exogenous hormones, i.e., hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or oral contraceptives (OCs), statins, proton pump inhibitors, anti-hypertensives, metformin (an antidiabetic), antidiarrheals or laxatives, and the risk of proximal colon cancer. Narrative synthesis and meta-analyses, using random effects models to estimate risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were conducted. RESULTS Twenty nine publications investigating NSAIDs (n = 13), exogenous hormones [HRT (n = 9) or OCs (n = 4)] statins (n = 5), anti-hypertensives (n = 1), and metformin (n = 1) were included. Summary RRs reported a protective effect of aspirin use (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.73-0.89) but no associations between HRT (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.83-1.02), OC (RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.98-1.14) or statin use (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.67-1.31), and proximal colon cancer incidence compared to never/non-use. One study on metformin and one on anti-hypertensives reported no association. Sources of between-study heterogeneity included study design, period of exposure ascertainment, exposure source, and exposure comparison, but this exploration was hindered by the small numbers of studies. CONCLUSION Despite some studies on NSAID or HRT use, evidence on the impact of a range of medications on proximal colon cancer risk is limited. This highlights the need for more research to inform chemoprevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Harewood
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Group (CSPRG), Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Ruth Disney
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Group (CSPRG), Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James Kinross
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christian von Wagner
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Amanda J Cross
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Group (CSPRG), Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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26
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Laghlam D, Jozwiak M, Nguyen LS. Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and Immunomodulation: A State-of-the-Art Review. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071767. [PMID: 34359936 PMCID: PMC8303450 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) has long been described in the field of cardiovascular physiology as the main player in blood pressure homeostasis. However, other effects have since been described, and include proliferation, fibrosis, and inflammation. To illustrate the immunomodulatory properties of the RAS, we chose three distinct fields in which RAS may play a critical role and be the subject of specific treatments. In oncology, RAS hyperactivation has been associated with tumor migration, survival, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis; preliminary data showed promise of the benefit of RAS blockers in patients treated for certain types of cancer. In intensive care medicine, vasoplegic shock has been associated with severe macro- and microcirculatory imbalance. A relative insufficiency in angiotensin II (AngII) was associated to lethal outcomes and synthetic AngII has been suggested as a specific treatment in these cases. Finally, in solid organ transplantation, both AngI and AngII have been associated with increased rejection events, with a regional specificity in the RAS activity. These elements emphasize the complexity of the direct and indirect interactions of RAS with immunomodulatory pathways and warrant further research in the field.
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27
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Kuerban A, Al-Malki AL, Kumosani TA, Sheikh RA, Al-Abbasi FAM, Alshubaily FA, Omar Abulnaja K, Salama Moselhy S. Identification, protein antiglycation, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and molecular docking of novel bioactive peptides produced from hydrolysis of Lens culinaris. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13494. [PMID: 33015836 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides produced from natural sources are considered as strategic target for drug discovery. Hyperglycemia caused protein glycation alters the structure of many tissues that impairs their functions and lead complications diseases in human body. This study investigated the bioactive peptides produced from red and brown Lens culinaris that might inhibit protein glycation to prevent diabetic complications. In this study, red and brown Lens culinaris protein hydrolysates were prepared by tryptic digestion, using an enzyme/substrate ratio of 1:20 (g/g), at 37°C, 12 hr then peptide fractions <3 kDa were filtered by using ultrafiltration membranes. Protective ability against protein glycation, DPPH radical scavenging, and anti-proliferative activities (on HepG2, MCF-7, and PC3 cell lines) of peptide fractions were assayed in vitro. Results showed that glycation was inhibited by peptides from 28.1% to 68.3% in different test model. PC3 cell line was more sensitive to the peptides which showed strong anticancer activity with lower IC50 (0.96 mg/ml). Peptide fractions were sequenced by HPLC-MS-MS. Twenty eight novel peptides sequences was identified. In silico study, two peptides could be developed as a potential bioactive peptides exhibited antiglycation, antioxidant, and antiproliferative activities. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Peptides are becoming an emerging source of medications with the development of new technologies. We have selected Lens Culinaris as one of the rich sources of proteins to explore novel bioactive peptides encapsulated in its seeds. Peptides fractions demonstrated protective ability against protein glycation, strong antioxidant potential, and promising antiproliferative activity. We have identified 28 novel peptides and molecular docking study revealed that some peptides showed strong binding potential to insulin receptor and ACE. Thus, these peptides might be used to manage diabetes complication as well as COVID-19 disease due to their interaction with ACE. However, those peptides needs to be further studied as a potential new drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abudukadeer Kuerban
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman L Al-Malki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Bioactive Natural Products Research Group, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taha A Kumosani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Production of Bioproducts for Industrial Application Research Group, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ryan A Sheikh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Ahmed M Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawzia A Alshubaily
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Omar Abulnaja
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Bioactive Natural Products Research Group, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Production of Bioproducts for Industrial Application Research Group, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Said Salama Moselhy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Bioactive Natural Products Research Group, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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