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Sun Y, Wang X, Zhang X, Li Y, Wang D, Sun F, Wang C, Shi Z, Yang X, Yang Z, Wei H, Song Y, Qing G. Di-caffeoylquinic acid: a potential inhibitor for amyloid-beta aggregation. J Nat Med 2024:10.1007/s11418-024-01825-y. [PMID: 38926328 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-024-01825-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a challenging neurodegenerative disorder with limited therapeutic success. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), as a promising new source for AD, still requires further exploration to understand its complex components and mechanisms. Here, focused on addressing Aβ (1-40) aggregation, a hallmark of AD pathology, we employed a Thioflavin T fluorescence labeling method for screening the active molecular library of TCM which we established. Among the eight identified, 1,3-di-caffeoylquinic acid emerged as the most promising, exhibiting a robust binding affinity with a KD value of 26.7 nM. This study delves into the molecular intricacies by utilizing advanced techniques, including two-dimensional (2D) 15N-1H heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and molecular docking simulations. These analyses revealed that 1,3-di-caffeoylquinic acid disrupts Aβ (1-40) self-aggregation by interacting with specific phenolic hydroxyl and amino acid residues, particularly at Met-35 in Aβ (1-40). Furthermore, at the cellular level, the identified compounds, especially 1,3-di-caffeoylquinic acid, demonstrated low toxicity and exhibited therapeutic potential by regulating mitochondrial membrane potential, reducing cell apoptosis, and mitigating Aβ (1-40)-induced cellular damage. This study presents a targeted exploration of catechol compounds with implications for effective interventions in AD and sheds light on the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying Aβ (1-40) aggregation disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Shandong Dongyue Polymer Materials Co., Ltd, Shandong, 256400, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Yan Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Feng Sun
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Cunli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhenqiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xindi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhiying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Haijie Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yanling Song
- College of Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China.
| | - Guangyan Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
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Liu Y, Qiao H, Zienkiewicz J, Hawiger J. Anti-inflammatory control of human skin keratinocytes by targeting nuclear transport checkpoint. SKIN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2024; 4:e356. [PMID: 38846687 PMCID: PMC11150741 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Background In the two common inflammatory skin diseases, Atopic Dermatitis (AD) and Psoriasis (Ps), keratinocytes (KCs) respond to immune insults through activation of proinflammatory transcription factors (TFs) and their translocation to the cell's nucleus. Therein, the TFs induce expression of genes encoding mediators of skin inflammation. The Nuclear Transport Checkpoint Inhibitors (NTCIs) were developed to regulate nuclear translocation of activated TFs, the essential step of inflammatory response. This new class of cell-penetrating peptide therapeutics controls inflammation caused by allergic, autoimmune, metabolic, and microbial insults. In preclinical model of AD, the treatment with NTCI, cSN50.1 peptide, suppressed the expression of Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP), the key gene in the development of allergic inflammation, among the 15 genes silenced by the NTCI. Here, we report the mechanism of anti-inflammatory action of NTCI in human skin-derived KCs. Objectives We aimed to determine whether the NTCI treatment can protect human KCs from harmful inflammatory insults. Methods Human primary KCs were pretreated with NTCI and challenged with the mix of cytokines Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin (IL)-17A, or with Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate (PMA), and analysed for nuclear content of TFs and the expression of genes encoding mediators of inflammation. Results The nuclear import of TFs, Nuclear Factor ĸB (NF-ĸB) and Signal Transduction and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3), was inhibited in cells treated with NTCI. The expression of TSLP, along with genes encoding the core mediators of inflammation (TNF, IL1B, and IL6) was suppressed by NTCI. Noteworthy, NTCI silenced genes encoding Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (CSF2), and chemokine IL-8 (CXCL8), responsible for skin infiltration by the eosinophils and other myelomonocytic cells. Conclusion The control of inflammatory response in human KCs by NTCI is attributed to the inhibition of nuclear import of proinflammatory TFs. The protection of human KCs by NTCI, adds new perspectives to the completed Phase two clinical trial of the NTCI (AMTX-100 CF) for AD (NCT04313400).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of MedicineDivision of AllergyPulmonary and Critical Care MedicineVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Veterans AffairsTennessee Valley Health Care SystemNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Huan Qiao
- Department of MedicineDivision of AllergyPulmonary and Critical Care MedicineVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Jozef Zienkiewicz
- Department of MedicineDivision of AllergyPulmonary and Critical Care MedicineVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Veterans AffairsTennessee Valley Health Care SystemNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Jacek Hawiger
- Department of MedicineDivision of AllergyPulmonary and Critical Care MedicineVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Veterans AffairsTennessee Valley Health Care SystemNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
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Lee S, Yoon SS, Jo M, Kang M, Lee S, Seo YJ, Park S, Paik YK, Jo D. Intracellular delivery of nuclear localization sequence peptide mitigates COVID-19 by inhibiting nuclear transport of inflammation-associated transcription factors. Mol Ther 2024; 32:227-240. [PMID: 37925604 PMCID: PMC10787116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), can trigger dysregulated immune responses known as the cytokine release syndrome (CRS), leading to severe organ dysfunction and respiratory distress. Our study focuses on developing an improved cell-permeable nuclear import inhibitor (iCP-NI), capable of blocking the nuclear transport of inflammation-associated transcription factors, specifically nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). By fusing advanced macromolecule transduction domains and nuclear localization sequences from human NF-κB, iCP-NI selectively interacts with importin α5, effectively reducing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. In mouse models mimic SARS-CoV-2-induced pneumonitis, iCP-NI treatment demonstrated a significant decrease in mortality rates by suppressing proinflammatory cytokine production and immune cell infiltration in the lungs. Similarly, in hamsters infected with SARS-CoV-2, iCP-NI effectively protected the lung from inflammatory damage by reducing tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-17 levels. These promising results highlight the potential of iCP-NI as a therapeutic approach for COVID-19-related lung complications and other inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokwon Lee
- Cellivery R&D Institute, Cellivery Therapeutics, Inc., Seoul 03929, Korea
| | - Sang-Sun Yoon
- Cellivery R&D Institute, Cellivery Therapeutics, Inc., Seoul 03929, Korea
| | - Minhee Jo
- University of Tennessee, College of Medicine, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Mingu Kang
- Cellivery R&D Institute, Cellivery Therapeutics, Inc., Seoul 03929, Korea
| | - Seungwoo Lee
- Cellivery R&D Institute, Cellivery Therapeutics, Inc., Seoul 03929, Korea
| | - Young-Jin Seo
- Cellivery R&D Institute, Cellivery Therapeutics, Inc., Seoul 03929, Korea
| | - Saewhan Park
- Cellivery R&D Institute, Cellivery Therapeutics, Inc., Seoul 03929, Korea
| | - Young-Ki Paik
- Cellivery R&D Institute, Cellivery Therapeutics, Inc., Seoul 03929, Korea.
| | - Daewoong Jo
- Cellivery R&D Institute, Cellivery Therapeutics, Inc., Seoul 03929, Korea.
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Tang Y, Kim JY, Ip CKM, Bahmani A, Chen Q, Rosenberger MG, Esser-Kahn AP, Ferguson AL. Data-driven discovery of innate immunomodulators via machine learning-guided high throughput screening. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12747-12766. [PMID: 38020385 PMCID: PMC10646978 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03613h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune response is vital for the success of prophylactic vaccines and immunotherapies. Control of signaling in innate immune pathways can improve prophylactic vaccines by inhibiting unfavorable systemic inflammation and immunotherapies by enhancing immune stimulation. In this work, we developed a machine learning-enabled active learning pipeline to guide in vitro experimental screening and discovery of small molecule immunomodulators that improve immune responses by altering the signaling activity of innate immune responses stimulated by traditional pattern recognition receptor agonists. Molecules were tested by in vitro high throughput screening (HTS) where we measured modulation of the nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells (NF-κB) and the interferon regulatory factors (IRF) pathways. These data were used to train data-driven predictive models linking molecular structure to modulation of the NF-κB and IRF responses using deep representational learning, Gaussian process regression, and Bayesian optimization. By interleaving successive rounds of model training and in vitro HTS, we performed an active learning-guided traversal of a 139 998 molecule library. After sampling only ∼2% of the library, we discovered viable molecules with unprecedented immunomodulatory capacity, including those capable of suppressing NF-κB activity by up to 15-fold, elevating NF-κB activity by up to 5-fold, and elevating IRF activity by up to 6-fold. We extracted chemical design rules identifying particular chemical fragments as principal drivers of specific immunomodulation behaviors. We validated the immunomodulatory effect of a subset of our top candidates by measuring cytokine release profiles. Of these, one molecule induced a 3-fold enhancement in IFN-β production when delivered with a cyclic di-nucleotide stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist. In sum, our machine learning-enabled screening approach presents an efficient immunomodulator discovery pipeline that has furnished a library of novel small molecules with a strong capacity to enhance or suppress innate immune signaling pathways to shape and improve prophylactic vaccination and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Tang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Jeremiah Y Kim
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Carman K M Ip
- Cellular Screening Center, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Azadeh Bahmani
- Cellular Screening Center, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Qing Chen
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Matthew G Rosenberger
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Aaron P Esser-Kahn
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Andrew L Ferguson
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
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Qiao H, Zienkiewicz J, Liu Y, Hawiger J. Activation of thousands of genes in the lungs and kidneys by sepsis is countered by the selective nuclear blockade. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1221102. [PMID: 37638006 PMCID: PMC10450963 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1221102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The steady rise of sepsis globally has reached almost 49 million cases in 2017, and 11 million sepsis-related deaths. The genomic response to sepsis comprising multi-system stage of raging microbial inflammation has been reported in the whole blood, while effective treatment is lacking besides anti-microbial therapy and supportive measures. Here we show that, astoundingly, 6,237 significantly expressed genes in sepsis are increased or decreased in the lungs, the site of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Moreover, 5,483 significantly expressed genes in sepsis are increased or decreased in the kidneys, the site of acute injury (AKI). This massive genomic response to polymicrobial sepsis is countered by the selective nuclear blockade with the cell-penetrating Nuclear Transport Checkpoint Inhibitor (NTCI). It controlled 3,735 sepsis-induced genes in the lungs and 1,951 sepsis-induced genes in the kidneys. The NTCI also reduced without antimicrobial therapy the bacterial dissemination: 18-fold in the blood, 11-fold in the lungs, and 9-fold in the spleen. This enhancement of bacterial clearance was not significant in the kidneys. Cumulatively, identification of the sepsis-responsive host's genes and their control by the selective nuclear blockade advances a better understanding of the multi-system mechanism of sepsis. Moreover, it spurs much-needed new diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Qiao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, TN, United States
| | - Jozef Zienkiewicz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, TN, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, Tennessee, TN, United States
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, TN, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, Tennessee, TN, United States
| | - Jacek Hawiger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, TN, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, Tennessee, TN, United States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, TN, United States
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Liu Y, Zienkiewicz J, Qiao H, Gibson-Corley KN, Boyd KL, Veach RA, Hawiger J. Genomic control of inflammation in experimental atopic dermatitis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18891. [PMID: 36344555 PMCID: PMC9640569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic Dermatitis (AD) or eczema, a recurrent allergic inflammation of the skin, afflicts 10-20% of children and 5% adults of all racial and ethnic groups globally. We report a new topical treatment of AD by a Nuclear Transport Checkpoint Inhibitor (NTCI), which targets two nuclear transport shuttles, importin α5 and importin β1. In the preclinical model of AD, induced by the active vitamin D3 analog MC903 (calcipotriol), NTCI suppressed the expression of keratinocyte-derived cytokine, Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP), the key gene in AD development. Moreover, the genes encoding mediators of TH2 response, IL-4 and its receptor IL-4Rα were also silenced together with the genes encoding cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-13, IL-23α, IL-33, IFN-γ, GM-CSF, VEGF A, the chemokines RANTES and IL-8, and intracellular signal transducers COX-2 and iNOS. Consequently, NTCI suppressed skin infiltration by inflammatory cells (eosinophils, macrophages, and CD4 + T lymphocytes), and reduced MC903-evoked proliferation of Ki-67-positive cells. Thus, we highlight the mechanism of action and the potential utility of topical NTCI for treatment of AD undergoing Phase 1/2 clinical trial (AMTX-100 CF, NCT04313400).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 21St Avenue South, T-1218, MCN, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jozef Zienkiewicz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 21St Avenue South, T-1218, MCN, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Huan Qiao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 21St Avenue South, T-1218, MCN, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Katherine N Gibson-Corley
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ruth Ann Veach
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jacek Hawiger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 21St Avenue South, T-1218, MCN, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
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7
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Jibiki K, Liu MY, Lei CS, Kodama TS, Kojima C, Fujiwara T, Yasuhara N. Biochemical propensity mapping for structural and functional anatomy of importin α IBB domain. Genes Cells 2021; 27:173-191. [PMID: 34954861 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Importin α has been described as a nuclear protein transport receptor that enables proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm to translocate into the nucleus. Besides its function in nuclear transport, an increasing number of studies have examined its non-nuclear transport functions. In both nuclear transport and non-nuclear transport, a functional domain called the IBB domain (importin β binding domain) plays a key role in regulating importin α behavior, and is a common interacting domain for multiple binding partners. However, it is not yet fully understood how the IBB domain interacts with multiple binding partners, which leads to the switching of importin α function. In this study, we have distinguished the location and propensities of amino acids important for each function of the importin α IBB domain by mapping the biochemical/physicochemical propensities of evolutionarily conserved amino acids of the IBB domain onto the structure associated with each function. We found important residues that are universally conserved for IBB functions across species and family members, in addition to those previously known, as well as residues that are presumed to be responsible for the differences in complex-forming ability among family members and for functional switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Jibiki
- Graduate School of Integrated Basic Sciences, Nihon University, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mo-Yan Liu
- Department of Biosciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chao-Sen Lei
- Department of Biosciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi S Kodama
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Sita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chojiro Kojima
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Sita, Osaka, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshimichi Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Sita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriko Yasuhara
- Graduate School of Integrated Basic Sciences, Nihon University, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Biosciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Sajidah ES, Lim K, Wong RW. How SARS-CoV-2 and Other Viruses Build an Invasion Route to Hijack the Host Nucleocytoplasmic Trafficking System. Cells 2021; 10:1424. [PMID: 34200500 PMCID: PMC8230057 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The host nucleocytoplasmic trafficking system is often hijacked by viruses to accomplish their replication and to suppress the host immune response. Viruses encode many factors that interact with the host nuclear transport receptors (NTRs) and the nucleoporins of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) to access the host nucleus. In this review, we discuss the viral factors and the host factors involved in the nuclear import and export of viral components. As nucleocytoplasmic shuttling is vital for the replication of many viruses, we also review several drugs that target the host nuclear transport machinery and discuss their feasibility for use in antiviral treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elma Sakinatus Sajidah
- Division of Nano Life Science in the Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan;
| | - Keesiang Lim
- WPI-Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Richard W. Wong
- Division of Nano Life Science in the Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan;
- WPI-Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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9
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Liu Y, Zienkiewicz J, Boyd KL, Smith TE, Xu ZQ, Hawiger J. Hyperlipidemic hypersensitivity to lethal microbial inflammation and its reversal by selective targeting of nuclear transport shuttles. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11907. [PMID: 34099795 PMCID: PMC8184916 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91395-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia, the hallmark of Metabolic Syndrome that afflicts millions of people worldwide, exacerbates life-threatening infections. We present a new evidence for the mechanism of hyperlipidemic hypersensitivity to microbial inflammation caused by pathogen-derived inducer, LPS. We demonstrate that hyperlipidemic animals succumbed to a non-lethal dose of LPS whereas normolipidemic controls survived. Strikingly, survival of hyperlipidemic animals was restored when the nuclear import of stress-responsive transcription factors (SRTFs), Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Proteins (SREBPs), and Carbohydrate-Responsive Element-Binding Proteins (ChREBPs) was impeded by targeting the nuclear transport checkpoint with cell-penetrating, biselective nuclear transport modifier (NTM) peptide. Furthermore, the burst of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, microvascular endothelial injury in the liver, lungs, heart, and kidneys, and trafficking of inflammatory cells were also suppressed. To dissect the role of nuclear transport signaling pathways we designed and developed importin-selective NTM peptides. Selective targeting of the importin α5, ferrying SRTFs and ChREBPs, protected 70-100% hyperlipidemic animals. Targeting importin β1, that transports SREBPs, was only effective after 3-week treatment that lowered blood triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, and averted fatty liver. Thus, the mechanism of hyperlipidemic hypersensitivity to lethal microbial inflammation depends on metabolic and proinflammatory transcription factors mobilization, which can be counteracted by targeting the nuclear transport checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jozef Zienkiewicz
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Taylor E Smith
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zhi-Qi Xu
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jacek Hawiger
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 21st Avenue South, T-1218, MCN, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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Moser BA, Steinhardt RC, Escalante-Buendia Y, Boltz DA, Barker KM, Cassaidy BJ, Rosenberger MG, Yoo S, McGonnigal BG, Esser-Kahn AP. Increased vaccine tolerability and protection via NF-κB modulation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz8700. [PMID: 32917696 PMCID: PMC11206472 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz8700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Improving adjuvant responses is a promising pathway to develop vaccines against some pathogens (e.g., HIV or dengue). One challenge in adjuvant development is modulating the inflammatory response, which can cause excess side effects, while maintaining immune activation and protection. No approved adjuvants yet have the capability to independently modulate inflammation and protection. Here, we demonstrate a method to limit inflammation while retaining and often increasing the protective responses. To accomplish this goal, we combined a partial selective nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) inhibitor with several current adjuvants. The resulting vaccines reduce systemic inflammation and boost protective responses. In an influenza challenge model, we demonstrate that this approach enhances protection. This method was tested across a broad range of adjuvants and antigens. We anticipate these studies will lead to an alternative approach to vaccine formulation design that may prove broadly applicable to a wide range of adjuvants and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Moser
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - R C Steinhardt
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Y Escalante-Buendia
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - D A Boltz
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, IIT Research Institute, Illinois Institute of Technology, 10W. 35th Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - K M Barker
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, IIT Research Institute, Illinois Institute of Technology, 10W. 35th Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - B J Cassaidy
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - M G Rosenberger
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - S Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - B G McGonnigal
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - A P Esser-Kahn
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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11
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Early Initiation of Sacubitril/Valsartan in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure After Acute Decompensation: A Case Series Analysis. Clin Drug Investig 2020; 40:493-501. [PMID: 32193801 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-020-00908-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Han Y, Wang X. The emerging roles of KPNA2 in cancer. Life Sci 2019; 241:117140. [PMID: 31812670 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Karyopherin α2 (KPNA2, also known as importinα-1), a member of the nuclear transporter family, is involved in the nucleocytoplasmic transport pathway of a variety of tumor-associated proteins. Recent studies have found that KPNA2 is overexpressed in various cancers, which is associated with poor prognosis. In addition, it has been shown to promote tumor formation and progression by participating in cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, immune response, and viral infection. It is indicated that KPNA2 also plays an important role in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of tumors. Herein, we provide an overview of the function and mechanism of KPNA2 in cancer and the prospects in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In the future, KPNA2 provides new ideas for the early diagnosis of malignant tumors, the development of molecularly targeted drugs, and prognosis evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Han
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory for Kidney Regeneration of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.
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13
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Liu Y, Veach RA, Zienkiewicz J, Boyd KL, Smith TE, Xu ZQ, Wylezinski LS, Hawiger J. Protection from Endotoxin Shock by Selective Targeting of Proinflammatory Signaling to the Nucleus Mediated by Importin Alpha 5. Immunohorizons 2019; 3:440-446. [PMID: 31533951 PMCID: PMC6768080 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1900064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endotoxin shock is induced by LPS, one of the most potent virulence factors of the Gram-negative bacteria that cause sepsis. It remains unknown if either proinflammatory stress-responsive transcription factors (SRTFs), ferried to nucleus by importin α5, or lipid-regulating sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs), transported to the nucleus by importin β1, mediate endotoxin shock. A novel cell-penetrating peptide targeting importin α5 while sparing importin β1 protected 80% of animals from death in response to a high dose of LPS. This peptide suppresses inflammatory mediators, liver glycogen depletion, endothelial injury, neutrophil trafficking, and apoptosis caused by LPS. In d-galactosamine-pretreated mice challenged by 700-times lower dose of LPS, rapid death through massive apoptosis and hemorrhagic necrosis of the liver was also averted by the importin α5–selective peptide. Thus, using a new tool for selective suppression of nuclear transport, we demonstrate that SRTFs, rather than SREBPs, mediate endotoxin shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN 37212
| | - Ruth Ann Veach
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN 37212.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Jozef Zienkiewicz
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232; .,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN 37212
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232; and
| | - Taylor E Smith
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN 37212
| | - Zhi-Qi Xu
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Lukasz S Wylezinski
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Jacek Hawiger
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232; .,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN 37212.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
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14
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Hawiger J, Zienkiewicz J. Decoding inflammation, its causes, genomic responses, and emerging countermeasures. Scand J Immunol 2019; 90:e12812. [PMID: 31378956 PMCID: PMC6883124 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is the mechanism of diseases caused by microbial, autoimmune, allergic, metabolic and physical insults that produce distinct types of inflammatory responses. This aetiologic view of inflammation informs its classification based on a cause‐dependent mechanism as well as a cause‐directed therapy and prevention. The genomic era ushered in a new understanding of inflammation by highlighting the cell's nucleus as the centre of the inflammatory response. Exogenous or endogenous inflammatory insults evoke genomic responses in immune and non‐immune cells. These genomic responses depend on transcription factors, which switch on and off a myriad of inflammatory genes through their regulatory networks. We discuss the transcriptional paradigm of inflammation based on denying transcription factors’ access to the nucleus. We present two approaches that control proinflammatory signalling to the nucleus. The first approach constitutes a novel intracellular protein therapy with bioengineered physiologic suppressors of cytokine signalling. The second approach entails control of proinflammatory transcriptional cascades by targeting nuclear transport with a cell‐penetrating peptide that inhibits the expression of 23 out of the 26 mediators of inflammation along with the nine genes required for metabolic responses. We compare these emerging anti‐inflammatory countermeasures to current therapies. The transcriptional paradigm of inflammation offers nucleocentric strategies for microbial, autoimmune, metabolic, physical and other types of inflammation afflicting millions of people worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Hawiger
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jozef Zienkiewicz
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA
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15
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Novel therapeutic interventions in cancer treatment using protein and peptide-based targeted smart systems. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 69:249-267. [PMID: 31442570 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer, being the most prevalent and resistant disease afflicting any gender, age or social status, is the ultimate challenge for the scientific community. The new generation therapeutics for cancer management has shifted the approach to personalized/precision medicine, making use of patient- and tumor-specific markers for specifying the targeted therapies for each patient. Peptides targeting these cancer-specific signatures hold enormous potential for cancer therapy and diagnosis. The rapid advancements in the combinatorial peptide libraries served as an impetus to the development of multifunctional peptide-based materials for targeted cancer therapy. The present review outlines benefits and shortcomings of peptides as cancer therapeutics and the potential of peptide modified nanomedicines for targeted delivery of anticancer agents.
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16
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Jans DA, Martin AJ, Wagstaff KM. Inhibitors of nuclear transport. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 58:50-60. [PMID: 30826604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Central to eukaryotic cell function, transport into and out of the nucleus is largely mediated by members of the Importin (IMP) superfamily of transporters of α- and β-types. The first inhibitor of nuclear transport, leptomycin B (LMB), was shown to be a specific inhibitor of the IMPβ homologue Exportin 1 (EXP1) almost 20 years ago, but it has only been in the last five or so years that new inhibitors of nuclear export as well as import have been identified and characterised. Of utility in biological research, these inhibitors include those that target-specific EXPs/IMPs, with accompanying toxicity profiles, as well as agents that specifically target particular nuclear import cargoes. Both types of inhibitors have begun to be tested in preclinical/clinical studies, with particular focus on limiting various types of cancer or treating viral infection, and the most advanced agent targeting EXP1 (Selinexor) has progressed successfully through >40 clinical trials for a range of high-grade cancers and is approaching FDA approval for a number of indications. Selectively inhibiting the nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of specific proteins of interest remains a challenge, but progress in the area of the host-pathogen interface holds promise for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Jans
- Nuclear Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Alexander J Martin
- Nuclear Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kylie M Wagstaff
- Nuclear Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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17
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Gronewold A, Horn M, Neundorf I. Design and biological characterization of novel cell-penetrating peptides preferentially targeting cell nuclei and subnuclear regions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:1378-1388. [PMID: 29977402 PMCID: PMC6009097 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Within this study, we report about the design and biological characterization of novel cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) with selective suborganelle-targeting properties. The nuclear localization sequence N50, as well as the nucleoli-targeting sequence NrTP, respectively, were fused to a shortened version of the cell-penetrating peptide sC18. We examined cellular uptake, subcellular fate and cytotoxicity of these novel peptides, N50-sC18* and NrTP-sC18*, and found that they are nontoxic up to a concentration of 50 or 100 µM depending on the cell lines used. Moreover, detailed cellular uptake studies revealed that both peptides enter cells via energy-independent uptake, although endocytotic processes cannot completely excluded. However, initial drug delivery studies demonstrated the high versatility of these new peptides as efficient transport vectors targeting specifically nuclei and nucleoli. In future, they could be further explored as parts of newly created peptide-drug conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Gronewold
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47a, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mareike Horn
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47a, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ines Neundorf
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47a, 50674 Cologne, Germany
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18
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Kirby TW, Gassman NR, Smith CE, Zhao ML, Horton JK, Wilson SH, London RE. DNA polymerase β contains a functional nuclear localization signal at its N-terminus. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:1958-1970. [PMID: 27956495 PMCID: PMC5389473 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA polymerase β (pol β) requires nuclear localization to fulfil its DNA repair function. Although its small size has been interpreted to imply the absence of a need for active nuclear import, sequence and structural analysis suggests that a monopartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) may reside in the N-terminal lyase domain. Binding of this domain to Importin α1 (Impα1) was confirmed by gel filtration and NMR studies. Affinity was quantified by fluorescence polarization analysis of a fluorescein-tagged peptide corresponding to pol β residues 2–13. These studies indicate high affinity binding, characterized by a low micromolar Kd, that is selective for the murine Importin α1 (mImpα1) minor site, with the Kd strengthening to ∼140 nM for the full lyase domain (residues 2–87). A further reduction in Kd obtains in binding studies with human Importin α5 (hImpα5), which in some cases has been demonstrated to bind small domains connected to the NLS. The role of this NLS was confirmed by fluorescent imaging of wild-type and NLS-mutated pol β(R4S,K5S) in mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking endogenous pol β. Together these data demonstrate that pol β contains a specific NLS sequence in the N-terminal lyase domain that promotes transport of the protein independent of its interaction partners. Active nuclear uptake allows development of a nuclear/cytosolic concentration gradient against a background of passive diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Kirby
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Natalie R Gassman
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Cassandra E Smith
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Ming-Lang Zhao
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Julie K Horton
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Samuel H Wilson
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Robert E London
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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19
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Veach RA, Liu Y, Zienkiewicz J, Wylezinski LS, Boyd KL, Wynn JL, Hawiger J. Survival, bacterial clearance and thrombocytopenia are improved in polymicrobial sepsis by targeting nuclear transport shuttles. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179468. [PMID: 28628637 PMCID: PMC5476269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The rising tide of sepsis, a leading cause of death in the US and globally, is not adequately controlled by current antimicrobial therapies and supportive measures, thereby requiring new adjunctive treatments. Severe microvascular injury and multiple organ failure in sepsis are attributed to a "genomic storm" resulting from changes in microbial and host genomes encoding virulence factors and endogenous inflammatory mediators, respectively. This storm is mediated by stress-responsive transcription factors that are ferried to the nucleus by nuclear transport shuttles importins/karyopherins. We studied the impact of simultaneously targeting two of these shuttles, importin alpha 5 (Imp α5) and importin beta 1 (Imp β1), with a cell-penetrating Nuclear Transport Modifier (NTM) in a mouse model of polymicrobial sepsis. NTM reduced nuclear import of stress-responsive transcription factors nuclear factor kappa B, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 alpha, and activator protein 1 in liver, which was also protected from sepsis-associated metabolic changes. Strikingly, NTM without antimicrobial therapy improved bacterial clearance in blood, spleen, and lungs, wherein a 700-fold reduction in bacterial burden was achieved while production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in blood plasma was suppressed. Furthermore, NTM significantly improved thrombocytopenia, a prominent sign of microvascular injury in sepsis, inhibited neutrophil infiltration in the liver, decreased L-selectin, and normalized plasma levels of E-selectin and P-selectin, indicating reduced microvascular injury. Importantly, NTM combined with antimicrobial therapy extended the median time to death from 42 to 83 hours and increased survival from 30% to 55% (p = 0.022) as compared to antimicrobial therapy alone. This study documents the fundamental role of nuclear signaling mediated by Imp α5 and Imp β1 in the mechanism of polymicrobial sepsis and highlights the potential for targeting nuclear transport as an adjunctive therapy in sepsis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Ann Veach
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Yan Liu
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jozef Zienkiewicz
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Lukasz S. Wylezinski
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Kelli L. Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - James L. Wynn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jacek Hawiger
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
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20
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Wiedmann MM, Tan YS, Wu Y, Aibara S, Xu W, Sore HF, Verma CS, Itzhaki L, Stewart M, Brenton JD, Spring DR. Development of Cell-Permeable, Non-Helical Constrained Peptides to Target a Key Protein-Protein Interaction in Ovarian Cancer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:524-529. [PMID: 27918136 PMCID: PMC5291322 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of current treatment options for ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) and the cancer is often resistant to platinum-based chemotherapy. Hence there is an urgent need for novel therapeutics. The transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β (HNF1β) is ubiquitously overexpressed in CCC and is seen as an attractive therapeutic target. This was validated through shRNA-mediated knockdown of the target protein, HNF1β, in five high- and low-HNF1β-expressing CCC lines. To inhibit the protein function, cell-permeable, non-helical constrained proteomimetics to target the HNF1β-importin α protein-protein interaction were designed, guided by X-ray crystallographic data and molecular dynamics simulations. In this way, we developed the first reported series of constrained peptide nuclear import inhibitors. Importantly, this general approach may be extended to other transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike M. Wiedmann
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeLi Ka Shing Centre, Robinson WayCambridgeCB2 0REUK
| | - Yaw Sing Tan
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and ResearchA*STAR30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 MatrixSingapore138671Singapore
| | - Yuteng Wu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Shintaro Aibara
- SciLifeLabTomtebodavägen 23A171 65 SolnaStockholmSweden
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyFrancis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeCB2 0QHUK
| | - Wenshu Xu
- Department of PharmacologyTennis Court RoadCambridgeCB2 1PDUK
| | - Hannah F. Sore
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Chandra S. Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and ResearchA*STAR30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 MatrixSingapore138671Singapore
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological University60 Nanyang DriveSingapore637551Singapore
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of Singapore14 Science Drive 4Singapore117543Singapore
| | - Laura Itzhaki
- Department of PharmacologyTennis Court RoadCambridgeCB2 1PDUK
| | - Murray Stewart
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyFrancis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeCB2 0QHUK
| | - James D. Brenton
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeLi Ka Shing Centre, Robinson WayCambridgeCB2 0REUK
| | - David R. Spring
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
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21
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Wiedmann MM, Tan YS, Wu Y, Aibara S, Xu W, Sore HF, Verma CS, Itzhaki L, Stewart M, Brenton JD, Spring DR. Development of Cell-Permeable, Non-Helical Constrained Peptides to Target a Key Protein-Protein Interaction in Ovarian Cancer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mareike M. Wiedmann
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute; University of Cambridge; Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way Cambridge CB2 0RE UK
| | - Yaw Sing Tan
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research; A*STAR; 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix Singapore 138671 Singapore
| | - Yuteng Wu
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Shintaro Aibara
- SciLifeLab; Tomtebodavägen 23A 171 65 Solna Stockholm Sweden
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology; Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge CB2 0QH UK
| | - Wenshu Xu
- Department of Pharmacology; Tennis Court Road Cambridge CB2 1PD UK
| | - Hannah F. Sore
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Chandra S. Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research; A*STAR; 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix Singapore 138671 Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; 60 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637551 Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences; National University of Singapore; 14 Science Drive 4 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Laura Itzhaki
- Department of Pharmacology; Tennis Court Road Cambridge CB2 1PD UK
| | - Murray Stewart
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology; Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge CB2 0QH UK
| | - James D. Brenton
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute; University of Cambridge; Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way Cambridge CB2 0RE UK
| | - David R. Spring
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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22
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Yasuhara N, Kumar PKR. Aptamers that bind specifically to human KPNA2 (importin-α1) and efficiently interfere with nuclear transport. J Biochem 2016; 160:259-268. [PMID: 27154959 PMCID: PMC7110145 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvw032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The importin-α family of proteins plays an important role in the eukaryotic importin/exportin nuclear transport system. These proteins recognize a nuclear localization signal (NLS) within cargo proteins and import them into the nucleus through nuclear pores, in a process mediated by importin-β. Recent studies have shown that importin-α proteins specifically recognize the NLS of several cellular factors and viral proteins, thus regulating their movement. Dysregulation of importin-α is a common hallmark of many pathologies including, multiple cancers. In this study, we isolated aptamers 76 and 72, which bind specifically and efficiently to KPNA2, a member of a subfamily of importin-α1. Both of these aptamers bind to KPNA2 with an equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) of 150 nM and discriminate between KPNA2 and other sub-family members of importin-α, such as KPNA1 and KPNA3. These aptamers specifically interfere with the nuclear transport of cargo proteins mediated by KPNA2 but neither with KPNA1 nor KPNA3, which belongs to other subfamily of importins. These results suggest that the selected aptamers (76 and 72) warrant further study to explore not only their application in cancer diagnosis but also their use as a specific reagent to potentially block KPNA2-dependent nuclear transport of macromolecules across the nuclear membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Yasuhara
- Laboratory of Nuclear Transport Dynamics, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Sito-Asagi, Ibaraki-Shi, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Penmetcha K R Kumar
- Biomedical Research Institute, Central 6, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
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23
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Stelma T, Chi A, van der Watt PJ, Verrico A, Lavia P, Leaner VD. Targeting nuclear transporters in cancer: Diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential. IUBMB Life 2016; 68:268-80. [PMID: 26970212 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The Karyopherin superfamily is a major class of soluble transport receptors consisting of both import and export proteins. The trafficking of proteins involved in transcription, cell signalling and cell cycle regulation among other functions across the nuclear membrane is essential for normal cellular functioning. However, in cancer cells, the altered expression or localization of nuclear transporters as well as the disruption of endogenous nuclear transport inhibitors are some ways in which the Karyopherin proteins are dysregulated. The value of nuclear transporters in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cancer is currently being elucidated with recent studies highlighting their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Stelma
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alicia Chi
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pauline J van der Watt
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Annalisa Verrico
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, C/O University of Roma "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lavia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, C/O University of Roma "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Virna D Leaner
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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24
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Dinamarca MC, Guzzetti F, Karpova A, Lim D, Mitro N, Musardo S, Mellone M, Marcello E, Stanic J, Samaddar T, Burguière A, Caldarelli A, Genazzani AA, Perroy J, Fagni L, Canonico PL, Kreutz MR, Gardoni F, Di Luca M. Ring finger protein 10 is a novel synaptonuclear messenger encoding activation of NMDA receptors in hippocampus. eLife 2016; 5:e12430. [PMID: 26977767 PMCID: PMC4805553 DOI: 10.7554/elife.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapses and nuclei are connected by bidirectional communication mechanisms that enable information transfer encoded by macromolecules. Here, we identified RNF10 as a novel synaptonuclear protein messenger. RNF10 is activated by calcium signals at the postsynaptic compartment and elicits discrete changes at the transcriptional level. RNF10 is enriched at the excitatory synapse where it associates with the GluN2A subunit of NMDA receptors (NMDARs). Activation of synaptic GluN2A-containing NMDARs and induction of long term potentiation (LTP) lead to the translocation of RNF10 from dendritic segments and dendritic spines to the nucleus. In particular, we provide evidence for importin-dependent long-distance transport from synapto-dendritic compartments to the nucleus. Notably, RNF10 silencing prevents the maintenance of LTP as well as LTP-dependent structural modifications of dendritic spines. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.12430.001 Brain activity depends on the communication between neurons. This process takes place at the junctions between neurons, which are known as synapses, and typically involves one of the cells releasing a chemical messenger that binds to receptors on the other cell. The binding triggers a cascade of events inside the recipient cell, including the production of new receptors and their insertion into the cell membrane. These changes strengthen the synapse and are thought to be one of the ways in which the brain establishes and maintains memories. However, in order to induce these changes at the synapse, neurons must be able to activate the genes that encode their component parts. These genes are present inside the cell nucleus, which is located some distance away from the synapse. Studies have shown that signals can be sent from the nucleus to the synapse and vice versa, enabling the two parts of the cell to exchange information. Synapses that communicate using a chemical called glutamate have been particularly well studied; but it still remains unclear how the activation of receptors at these “glutamatergic synapses” is linked to activation of genes inside the nucleus at the molecular level. Dinamarca, Guzzetti et al. have now discovered that this process at glutamatergic synapses involves the movement of a protein messenger to the nucleus. Specifically, activation at synapses of a particularly common subtype of receptor, called NMDA, causes a protein called Ring Finger protein 10 (or RNF10 for short) to move from the synapse to the nucleus. To leave the synapse, RNF10 first has to bind to proteins called importins, which transport RNF10 into the nucleus. Once inside the nucleus, RNF10 binds to another protein that interacts with the DNA to start the production of new synaptic proteins. Further work is required to identify the molecular mechanisms that trigger RNF10 to leave the synapse. In addition, future studies should evaluate the levels and activity of RNF10 in brain disorders in which synapses are known to function abnormally. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.12430.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita C Dinamarca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Guzzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Karpova
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dmitry Lim
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Nico Mitro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Musardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Manuela Mellone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Marcello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Jennifer Stanic
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Tanmoy Samaddar
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Caldarelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Armando A Genazzani
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Julie Perroy
- CNRS, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Fagni
- CNRS, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Pier Luigi Canonico
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Michael R Kreutz
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Fabrizio Gardoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Di Luca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Hawiger J, Veach RA, Zienkiewicz J. New paradigms in sepsis: from prevention to protection of failing microcirculation. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:1743-56. [PMID: 26190521 PMCID: PMC5014149 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis, also known as septicemia, is one of the 10 leading causes of death worldwide. The rising tide of sepsis due to bacterial, fungal and viral infections cannot be stemmed by current antimicrobial therapies and supportive measures. New paradigms for the mechanism and resolution of sepsis and consequences for sepsis survivors are emerging. Consistent with Benjamin Franklin's dictum 'an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure', sepsis can be prevented by vaccinations against pneumococci and meningococci. Recently, the NIH NHLBI Panel redefined sepsis as 'severe endothelial dysfunction syndrome in response to intravascular and extravascular infections causing reversible or irreversible injury to the microcirculation responsible for multiple organ failure'. Microvascular endothelial injury underlies sepsis-associated hypotension, edema, disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute kidney injury. Microbial genome products trigger 'genome wars' in sepsis that reprogram the human genome and culminate in a 'genomic storm' in blood and vascular cells. Sepsis can be averted experimentally by endothelial cytoprotection through targeting nuclear signaling that mediates inflammation and deranged metabolism. Endothelial 'rheostats' (e.g. inhibitors of NF-κB, A20 protein, CRADD/RAIDD protein and microRNAs) regulate endothelial signaling. Physiologic 'extinguishers' (e.g. suppressor of cytokine signaling 3) can be replenished through intracellular protein therapy. Lipid mediators (e.g. resolvin D1) hasten sepsis resolution. As sepsis cases rose from 387 330 in 1996 to 1.1 million in 2011, and are estimated to reach 2 million by 2020 in the US, mortality due to sepsis approaches that of heart attacks and exceeds deaths from stroke. More preventive vaccines and therapeutic measures are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hawiger
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine Division of Allergy Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - R A Veach
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine Division of Allergy Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J Zienkiewicz
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine Division of Allergy Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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26
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Is the Cell Nucleus a Necessary Component in Precise Temporal Patterning? PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134239. [PMID: 26226505 PMCID: PMC4520485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the functions of the cell nucleus is to help regulate gene expression by controlling molecular traffic across the nuclear envelope. Here we investigate, via stochastic simulation, what effects, if any, does segregation of a system into the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments have on the stochastic properties of a motif with a negative feedback. One of the effects of the nuclear barrier is to delay the nuclear protein concentration, allowing it to behave in a switch-like manner. We found that this delay, defined as the time for the nuclear protein concentration to reach a certain threshold, has an extremely narrow distribution. To show this, we considered two models. In the first one, the proteins could diffuse freely from cytoplasm to nucleus (simple model); and in the second one, the proteins required assistance from a special class of proteins called importins. For each model, we generated fifty parameter sets, chosen such that the temporal profiles they effectuated were very similar, and whose average threshold time was approximately 150 minutes. The standard deviation of the threshold times computed over one hundred realizations were found to be between 1.8 and 7.16 minutes across both models. To see whether a genetic motif in a prokaryotic cell can achieve this degree of precision, we also simulated five variations on the coherent feed-forward motif (CFFM), three of which contained a negative feedback. We found that the performance of these motifs was nowhere near as impressive as the one found in the eukaryotic cell; the best standard deviation was 6.6 minutes. We argue that the significance of these results, the fact and necessity of spatio-temporal precision in the developmental stages of eukaryotes, and the absence of such a precision in prokaryotes, all suggest that the nucleus has evolved, in part, under the selective pressure to achieve highly predictable phenotypes.
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27
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Lever MB, Karpova A, Kreutz MR. An Importin Code in neuronal transport from synapse-to-nucleus? Front Mol Neurosci 2015; 8:33. [PMID: 26257602 PMCID: PMC4508522 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2015.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Lever
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anna Karpova
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael R Kreutz
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology Magdeburg, Germany
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28
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Hwang B, McCool K, Wan J, Wuerzberger-Davis SM, Young EWK, Choi EY, Cingolani G, Weaver BA, Miyamoto S. IPO3-mediated Nonclassical Nuclear Import of NF-κB Essential Modulator (NEMO) Drives DNA Damage-dependent NF-κB Activation. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:17967-17984. [PMID: 26060253 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.645960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of IκB kinase (IKK) and NF-κB by genotoxic stresses modulates apoptotic responses and production of inflammatory mediators, thereby contributing to therapy resistance and premature aging. We previously reported that genotoxic agents induce nuclear localization of NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO) via an undefined mechanism to arbitrate subsequent DNA damage-dependent IKK/NF-κB signaling. Here we show that a nonclassical nuclear import pathway via IPO3 (importin 3, transportin 2) mediates stress-induced NEMO nuclear translocation. We found putative nuclear localization signals in NEMO whose mutations disrupted stress-inducible nuclear translocation of NEMO and IKK/NF-κB activation in stably reconstituted NEMO-deficient cells. RNAi screening of both importin α and β family members, as well as co-immunoprecipitation analyses, revealed that a nonclassical importin β family member, IPO3, was the only importin that was able to associate with NEMO and whose reduced expression prevented genotoxic stress-induced NEMO nuclear translocation, IKK/NF-κB activation, and inflammatory cytokine transcription. Recombinant IPO3 interacted with recombinant NEMO but not the nuclear localization signal mutant version and induced nuclear import of NEMO in digitonin-permeabilized cells. We also provide evidence that NEMO is disengaged from IKK complex following genotoxic stress induction. Thus, the IPO3 nuclear import pathway is an early and crucial determinant of the IKK/NF-κB signaling arm of the mammalian DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byounghoon Hwang
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kevin McCool
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Shelly M Wuerzberger-Davis
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Edmond W K Young
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering and Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Eun Young Choi
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Gino Cingolani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Beth A Weaver
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Shigeki Miyamoto
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.
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29
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Abstract
The human genome encodes seven isoforms of importin α which are grouped into three subfamilies known as α1, α2 and α3. All isoforms share a fundamentally conserved architecture that consists of an N-terminal, autoinhibitory, importin-β-binding (IBB) domain and a C-terminal Arm (Armadillo)-core that associates with nuclear localization signal (NLS) cargoes. Despite striking similarity in amino acid sequence and 3D structure, importin-α isoforms display remarkable substrate specificity in vivo. In the present review, we look at key differences among importin-α isoforms and provide a comprehensive inventory of known viral and cellular cargoes that have been shown to associate preferentially with specific isoforms. We illustrate how the diversification of the adaptor importin α into seven isoforms expands the dynamic range and regulatory control of nucleocytoplasmic transport, offering unexpected opportunities for pharmacological intervention. The emerging view of importin α is that of a key signalling molecule, with isoforms that confer preferential nuclear entry and spatiotemporal specificity on viral and cellular cargoes directly linked to human diseases.
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30
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DiGiandomenico A, Veach RA, Zienkiewicz J, Moore DJ, Wylezinski LS, Hutchens MA, Hawiger J. The "genomic storm" induced by bacterial endotoxin is calmed by a nuclear transport modifier that attenuates localized and systemic inflammation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110183. [PMID: 25329889 PMCID: PMC4203769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a potent microbial virulence factor that can trigger production of proinflammatory mediators involved in the pathogenesis of localized and systemic inflammation. Importantly, the role of nuclear transport of stress responsive transcription factors in this LPS-generated "genomic storm" remains largely undefined. We developed a new nuclear transport modifier (NTM) peptide, cell-penetrating cSN50.1, which targets nuclear transport shuttles importin α5 and importin β1, to analyze its effect in LPS-induced localized (acute lung injury) and systemic (lethal endotoxic shock) murine inflammation models. We analyzed a human genome database to match 46 genes that encode cytokines, chemokines and their receptors with transcription factors whose nuclear transport is known to be modulated by NTM. We then tested the effect of cSN50.1 peptide on proinflammatory gene expression in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages stimulated with LPS. This NTM suppressed a proinflammatory transcriptome of 37 out of 84 genes analyzed, without altering expression of housekeeping genes or being cytotoxic. Consistent with gene expression analysis in primary macrophages, plasma levels of 23 out of 26 LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors were significantly attenuated in a murine model of LPS-induced systemic inflammation (lethal endotoxic shock) while the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 10, was enhanced. This anti-inflammatory reprogramming of the endotoxin-induced genomic response was accompanied by complete protection against lethal endotoxic shock with prophylactic NTM treatment, and 75% protection when NTM was first administered after LPS exposure. In a murine model of localized lung inflammation caused by direct airway exposure to LPS, expression of cytokines and chemokines in the bronchoalveolar space was suppressed with a concomitant reduction of neutrophil trafficking. Thus, calming the LPS-triggered "genomic storm" by modulating nuclear transport with cSN50.1 peptide attenuates the systemic inflammatory response associated with lethal shock as well as localized lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio DiGiandomenico
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Ruth Ann Veach
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jozef Zienkiewicz
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Moore
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Ian Burr Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Lukasz S. Wylezinski
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Martha A. Hutchens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jacek Hawiger
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
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31
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Wen Y, Liu K, Yang H, Li Y, Lan H, Liu Y, Zhang X, Yi T. A highly sensitive ratiometric fluorescent probe for the detection of cytoplasmic and nuclear hydrogen peroxide. Anal Chem 2014; 86:9970-6. [PMID: 25196578 DOI: 10.1021/ac502909c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As a marker for oxidative stress and a second messenger in signal transduction, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays an important role in living systems. It is thus critical to monitor the changes in H2O2 in cells and tissues. Here, we developed a highly sensitive and versatile ratiometric H2O2 fluorescent probe (NP1) based on 1,8-naphthalimide and boric acid ester. In response to H2O2, the ratio of its fluorescent intensities at 555 and 403 nm changed 1020-fold within 200 min. The detecting limit of NP1 toward H2O2 is estimated as 0.17 μM. It was capable of imaging endogenous H2O2 generated in live RAW 264.7 macrophages as a cellular inflammation response, and especially, it was able to detect H2O2 produced as a signaling molecule in A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells through stimulation by epidermal growth factor. This probe contains an azide group and thus has the potential to be linked to various molecules via the click reaction. After binding to a Nuclear Localization Signal peptide, the peptide-based combination probe (pep-NP1) was successfully targeted to nuclei and was capable of ratiometrically detecting nuclear H2O2 in living cells. These results indicated that NP1 was a highly sensitive ratiometric H2O2 dye with promising biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wen
- Department of Chemistry and Concerted Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
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