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Van Gelder IC, Rienstra M, Bunting KV, Casado-Arroyo R, Caso V, Crijns HJGM, De Potter TJR, Dwight J, Guasti L, Hanke T, Jaarsma T, Lettino M, Løchen ML, Lumbers RT, Maesen B, Mølgaard I, Rosano GMC, Sanders P, Schnabel RB, Suwalski P, Svennberg E, Tamargo J, Tica O, Traykov V, Tzeis S, Kotecha D. 2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J 2024; 45:3314-3414. [PMID: 39210723 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
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Salbach C, Milles BR, Hund H, Biener M, Mueller-Hennessen M, Frey N, Katus H, Giannitsis E, Yildirim M. Effect of impaired kidney function on outcomes and treatment effects of oral anticoagulant regimes in patients with atrial fibrillation in a real-world registry. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0310838. [PMID: 39312541 PMCID: PMC11419350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of impaired kidney function on outcomes and treatment benefits of vitamin-K antagonists (VKA) versus direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) has insufficiently been investigated in randomized controlled studies (RCTs). Most studies and registries are either biased due to incomplete enrolment of consecutive patients in large pharma industry sponsored registries, or due to short recruitment periods or incomplete assessment of important variables in national registries. METHODS This study uses data from the Heidelberg Registry of Atrial Fibrillation (HERA-FIB), a retrospective single-center registry of 10,222 consecutive patients with AF presenting to the emergency department of University Hospital of Heidelberg from June 2009 until March 2020. Rates of all-cause mortality, stroke, major bleeding and myocardial infarction (MI) were related to the presence and severity of impaired presenting kidney function, as well as to assigned treatment with VKA vs. DOAC. RESULTS The risks for all-cause mortality (HR: 3.26, p<0.001), stroke (HR: 1.58, p<0.001), major bleeding (HR: 2.28, p<0.001) and MI (HR: 2.48, p<0.001) were significantly higher in patients with an eGFR<60 ml/min at admission and increased with decreasing eGFR. After adjustment for variables of CHA2DS2VASc-score, presence of eGFR <60 ml/min remained as an independent predictor for all-cause mortality, major bleeding and MI. The hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality, major bleedings and MI was significantly lower in patients receiving DOAC compared to VKA. CONCLUSION Findings from our large real-life registry confirm the data from RCTs and extend our knowledge on the effectiveness and safety of DOACs to subjects that were underrepresented in RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Salbach
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Ruth Milles
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hauke Hund
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Biener
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo Katus
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Evangelos Giannitsis
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mustafa Yildirim
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Botto GL, Capranzano P, Colonna P, Fornasari DMM, Sciatti E, Riva L. Use of DOACs in frail elderly patients in light of class genericization. Int J Cardiol 2024; 411:132276. [PMID: 38880419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.132276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty and comorbidity influence the therapeutic approach in everyday clinical practice. The DOACs genericization opens a reflection on their differences from a pharmacological and bioavailability point of view, particularly in elderly frail patients. The aim of this project was to create a national Delphi consensus on the topic of the use of DOACs for atrial fibrillation (AF) in such patients, in light of the genericization of the class. METHODS AND RESULTS The consensus dealt with 3 main topics: a) efficacy and safety of DOACs in elderly and/or frail patients; b) therapeutic choice in specific frailty scenarios; c) DOACs genericization. 56 cardiologists, two internists and two neurologists from Italy expressed their level of agreement on each statement by using a 5-point Likert scale (1: strongly disagree, 2: disagree, 3: uncertain, 4: agree, 5: strongly agree). A positive consensus was reached if the percentage of agreement (vote 1-2, positive consensus) or disagreement (votes 4-5, negative consensus) was >66%; otherwise, no consensus was reached. Results are displayed accordingly. CONCLUSIONS After 10 years of everyday clinical management of DOACs for AF, specific elements differentiating a molecule from another, either for efficacy or for safety, are consolidated. However, some uncertainties still exist in particular contexts, such as chronic kidney disease or cancer patients. Clinicians have an unsure attitude towards generic drugs, because clinical practice is lacking as well as a proper knowledge of the topic. Albeit being an alternative, the choice of the generic drug must remain the responsibility of the clinician.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Luca Botto
- Cardiology and Electrophysiology, Department of Medicine, ASST Rhodense, Rho & Garbagnate Hospitals, Italy.
| | - Piera Capranzano
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Letizia Riva
- Cardiology Department, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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Angeli F, Bergamaschi L, Armillotta M, Sansonetti A, Stefanizzi A, Canton L, Bodega F, Suma N, Amicone S, Fedele D, Bertolini D, Impellizzeri A, Tattilo FP, Cavallo D, Bartoli L, Di Iuorio O, Ryabenko K, Casuso Alvarez M, Marinelli V, Asta C, Ciarlantini M, Pastore G, Rinaldi A, Pomata DP, Caldarera I, Pizzi C. Impact of Newly Diagnosed Cancer on Bleeding Events in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Treated with Direct Oral Anticoagulants. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2024:10.1007/s40256-024-00676-y. [PMID: 39240455 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-024-00676-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), the association between cancer and cardioembolic or bleeding risk during oral anticoagulant therapy still remains unclear. PURPOSE We aimed to assess the impact of cancer present at baseline (CB) or diagnosed during follow-up (CFU) on bleeding events in patients treated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for non-valvular AF (NVAF) compared with patients without CB or CFU, respectively. METHODS All consecutive patients with NVAF treated with DOACs for stroke prevention were enrolled between January 2017 and March 2019. Primary outcomes were bleeding events or cardiovascular death, non-fatal stroke and non-fatal myocardial infarction, and the composite endpoint between patients with and without CB and between patients with and without CB. RESULTS The study population comprised 1170 patients who were followed for a mean time of 21.6 ± 9.5 months. Overall, 81 patients (6.9%) were affected by CB, while 81 (6.9%) were diagnosed with CFU. Patients with CFU were associated with a higher risk of bleeding events and major bleeding compared with patients without CFU. Such an association was not observed between the CB and no CB populations. In multivariate analysis adjusted for anemia, age, creatinine, CB and CFU, CFU but not CB remained an independent predictor of overall and major bleeding (hazard ratio [HR] 2.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.8-3.89, p < 0.001; HR 3.02, 95% CI 1.6-3.81, p = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION During follow-up, newly diagnosed primitive or metastatic cancer in patients with NVAF taking DOACs is a strong predictor of major bleeding regardless of baseline hemorrhagic risk assessment. In contrast, such an association is not observed with malignancy at baseline. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment could therefore reduce the risk of cancer-related bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Angeli
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Bergamaschi
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Armillotta
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angelo Sansonetti
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Stefanizzi
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lisa Canton
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Bodega
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicole Suma
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Amicone
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Damiano Fedele
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Bertolini
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Impellizzeri
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Pio Tattilo
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Cavallo
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bartoli
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ornella Di Iuorio
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Khrystyna Ryabenko
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcello Casuso Alvarez
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Virginia Marinelli
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Asta
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Ciarlantini
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pastore
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Paola Pomata
- Division of Emergency Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Caldarera
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmine Pizzi
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Iliodromitis K, Hoiczyk M, Bimpong-Buta NY, Seyfarth M, Bogossian H. Arrhythmias in oncological patients: a compact overview for the clinician. Herzschrittmacherther Elektrophysiol 2024; 35:177-182. [PMID: 39129002 DOI: 10.1007/s00399-024-01033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the cornerstone of antineoplastic treatment in patients with malignancies. The cardiotoxic effect of antineoplastic therapy has been known for many decades. Part of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity is the development of heart rhythm disturbances. This short review aims to provide a compact overview for the clinical cardiologist of the dysrhythmic potential created by antineoplastic agents in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Iliodromitis
- Clinic for Cardiology and Electrophysiology, Evangelical Hospital Hagen-Haspe, Brusebrinkstraße 20, 58135, Hagen, Germany.
- School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
| | - Mathias Hoiczyk
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hematology, Oncology, Diabetology & Rheumatology, Marien-Hospital Wesel, Pastor-Janßen-Straße 8-38, 46483, Wesel, Germany
| | - Nana-Yaw Bimpong-Buta
- Clinic for Cardiology and Electrophysiology, Evangelical Hospital Hagen-Haspe, Brusebrinkstraße 20, 58135, Hagen, Germany
- School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Melchior Seyfarth
- School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Helios Klinikum Wuppertal, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Harilaos Bogossian
- Clinic for Cardiology and Electrophysiology, Evangelical Hospital Hagen-Haspe, Brusebrinkstraße 20, 58135, Hagen, Germany
- School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
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6
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Nardi E, Santoro C, Prastaro M, Canonico ME, Paolillo S, Gargiulo G, Gargiulo P, Parlati ALM, Basile C, Bardi L, Giuliano M, Esposito G. Crosslink between atrial fibrillation and cancer: a therapeutic conundrum. CARDIO-ONCOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 10:48. [PMID: 39113118 PMCID: PMC11304574 DOI: 10.1186/s40959-024-00243-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is more common in patients with malignancies than in general population. The pathophysiological processes include the pro-inflammatory condition and the exaggerated inflammatory reaction to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery interventions. Thus, it is pivotal to decrease morbidity and mortality in this group by providing appropriate care and prevention. In this subset, the risk of thromboembolic and bleeding events is high and the common risk score such as CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED employed in non-oncologic patients have limited evidence in cancer patients. A paucity of evidence in the setting in individuals having both malignancies and atrial fibrillation entangle the clinician when it comes to therapeutic management. Tailored management is recommended of anticoagulation treatment could be difficult, and there is. In this review, we try to explain the mechanism of AF in cancer patients as well as its management in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermanno Nardi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Santoro
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Prastaro
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Enrico Canonico
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Paolillo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gargiulo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Gargiulo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio L M Parlati
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Christian Basile
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Bardi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Giuliano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II Rare Tumors Coordinating Center of Campania Region (CRCTR), Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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7
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Parmentier S, Koschmieder S, Henze L, Griesshammer M, Matzdorff A, Bakchoul T, Langer F, Alesci RS, Duerschmied D, Thomalla G, Riess H. Antithrombotic Therapy in Cancer Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases: Daily Practice Recommendations by the Hemostasis Working Party of the German Society of Hematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO) and the Society for Thrombosis and Hemostasis Research (GTH e.V.). Hamostaseologie 2024. [PMID: 39009011 DOI: 10.1055/a-2337-4025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Active cancer by itself but also chemotherapy is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and especially coronary artery disease (CAD) and atrial fibrillation (AF). The frequency of CVD, CAD, and AF varies depending on comorbidities (particularly in older patients), cancer type, and stage, as well as the anticancer therapeutic being taken. Many reports exist for anticancer drugs being associated with CVD, CAD, and AF, but robust data are often lacking. Because of this, each patient needs an individual structured approach concerning thromboembolic and bleeding risk, drug-drug interactions, as well as patient preferences to evaluate the need for anticoagulation therapy and targeting optimal symptom control. Interruption of specific cancer therapy should be avoided to reduce the potential risk of cancer progression. Nevertheless, additional factors like thrombocytopenia and anticoagulation in the elderly and frail patient with cancer cause additional challenges which need to be addressed in daily clinical management. Therefore, the aim of these recommendations is to summarize the available scientific data on antithrombotic therapy (both antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy) in cancer patients with CVD and in cases of missing data providing guidance for optimal careful decision-making in daily routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefani Parmentier
- Tumorzentrum, St. Claraspital Tumorzentrum, St. Claraspital, Basel, Basel-Stadt, Switzerland
| | - Steffen Koschmieder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Larissa Henze
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Asklepios Hospital Harz, Goslar, Germany
| | - Martin Griesshammer
- University Clinic for Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Palliative Care, Johannes Wesling Medical Center Minden, University of Bochum, Minden, Germany
| | - Axel Matzdorff
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Asklepios Clinic Uckermark, Schwedt, Germany
| | - Tamam Bakchoul
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty of Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Langer
- Center for Oncology, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), II Medical Clinic and Polyclinic, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rosa Sonja Alesci
- IMD Blood Coagulation Center, Hochtaunus/Frankfurt, Bad Homburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- Department of Cardiology, Hemostaseology, Angiology and Medical Intensive Care, Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Goetz Thomalla
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hanno Riess
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Department of Medical, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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8
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Ajabnoor AM, Zghebi SS, Parisi R, Ashcroft DM, Faivre-Finn C, Mamas MA, Kontopantelis E. Performance of CHA 2DS 2-VASc and HAS-BLED in predicting stroke and bleeding in atrial fibrillation and cancer. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL OPEN 2024; 4:oeae053. [PMID: 38988675 PMCID: PMC11234295 DOI: 10.1093/ehjopen/oeae053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Aims To compare the predictive performance of CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with and without cancer. Methods and results Using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink in England, we performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with new diagnoses of AF from 2009 to 2019. Cancer was defined as history of breast, prostate, colorectal, lung, or haematological cancer. We calculated the CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores for the 1-year risk of stroke and major bleeding events. Scores performance was estimated by discrimination [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)] and calibration plots. Of 141 796 patients with AF, 10.3% had cancer. The CHA2DS2-VASc score had good to modest discrimination in prostate cancer AUC = 0.74 (95% confidence interval: 0.71, 0.77), haematological cancer AUC = 0.71 (0.66, 0.76), colorectal cancer AUC = 0.70 (0.66, 0.75), breast cancer AUC = 0.70 (0.66, 0.74), and lung cancer AUC = 0.69 (0.60, 0.79), compared with no-cancer AUC = 0.73 (0.72, 0.74). HAS-BLED discrimination was poor in prostate cancer AUC = 0.58 (0.55, 0.61), haematological cancer AUC = 0.59 (0.55, 0.64), colorectal cancer AUC = 0.57 (0.53, 0.61), breast cancer AUC = 0.56 (0.52, 0.61), and lung cancer AUC = 0.59 (0.51, 0.67), compared with no-cancer AUC = 0.61 (0.60, 0.62). Both the CHA2DS2-VASc score and HAS-BLED score were well calibrated across all study cohorts. Conclusion Amongst certain cancer cohorts in the AF population, CHA2DS2-VASc performs similarly in predicting stroke to AF patients without cancer. Our findings highlight the importance of cancer diagnosis during the development of risk scores and opportunities to optimize the HAS-BLED risk score to better serve cancer patients with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyaa M Ajabnoor
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80324, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Salwa S Zghebi
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Rosa Parisi
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Darren M Ashcroft
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Greater Manchester Patient Safety Research Collaboration (PSRC), University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Corinne Faivre-Finn
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust and The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mamas A Mamas
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Centre for Prognosis Research, Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Center, UK
| | - Evangelos Kontopantelis
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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9
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Xu Y, Carrier M, Kimpton M. Arterial Thrombosis in Patients with Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2238. [PMID: 38927943 PMCID: PMC11201749 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16122238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with cancer are at increased risk of arterial thromboembolic disease due to the presence of risk factors common to both the development of cancer and arterial thrombosis, the cancer itself, and the treatments provided to treat cancer. We review here the epidemiology and pathophysiology of arterial thromboembolic disease in cancer, along with its prevention and treatment strategies. We also propose a generalized approach for the management of arterial thromboembolic disease in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc Carrier
- Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute at University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (Y.X.); (M.K.)
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10
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Papakonstantinou PE, Kalogera V, Charitos D, Polyzos D, Benia D, Batsouli A, Lampropoulos K, Xydonas S, Gupta D, Lip GYH. When anticoagulation management in atrial fibrillation becomes difficult: Focus on chronic kidney disease, coagulation disorders, and cancer. Blood Rev 2024; 65:101171. [PMID: 38310007 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2024.101171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Anticoagulation therapy (AT) is fundamental in atrial fibrillation (AF) treatment but poses challenges in implementation, especially in AF populations with elevated thromboembolic and bleeding risks. Current guidelines emphasize the need to estimate and balance thrombosis and bleeding risks for all potential candidates of antithrombotic therapy. However, administering oral AT raises concerns in specific populations, such as those with chronic kidney disease (CKD), coagulation disorders, and cancer due to lack of robust data. These groups, excluded from large direct oral anticoagulants trials, rely on observational studies, prompting physicians to adopt individualized management strategies based on case-specific evaluations. The scarcity of evidence and specific guidelines underline the need for a tailored approach, emphasizing regular reassessment of risk factors and anticoagulation drug doses. This narrative review aims to summarize evidence and recommendations for challenging AF clinical scenarios, particularly in the long-term management of AT for patients with CKD, coagulation disorders, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasiliki Kalogera
- Third Cardiology Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Sotiria" Chest Hospital, Mesogeion Ave 152, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Charitos
- First Cardiology Department, Evangelismos Hospital, Ipsilantou 45-47, 106 76 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Polyzos
- Second Cardiology Department, Evangelismos Hospital, Ipsilantou 45-47, 106 76 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Benia
- Cardiology Department, General Hospital-Health Center of Kithira, Aroniadika, 80200 Kithira Island, Greece
| | - Athina Batsouli
- Second Cardiology Department, Evangelismos Hospital, Ipsilantou 45-47, 106 76 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Lampropoulos
- Second Cardiology Department, Evangelismos Hospital, Ipsilantou 45-47, 106 76 Athens, Greece; School of Medicine, European University of Cyprus, Diogenous 6, 2404 Egkomi, Cyprus
| | - Sotirios Xydonas
- Second Cardiology Department, Evangelismos Hospital, Ipsilantou 45-47, 106 76 Athens, Greece
| | - Dhiraj Gupta
- Department of Cardiology, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, L14 3PE Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Thomas Dr., L14 3PE Liverpool, United Kingdom; Danish Center for Health Services Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Selma Lagerløfs Vej 249, 9260 Gistrup, Aalborg, Denmark.
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11
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Truong B, Zheng J, Hornsby L, Fox B, Chou C, Qian J. Development and Validation of Machine Learning Algorithms to Predict 1-Year Ischemic Stroke and Bleeding Events in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Cancer. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:365-374. [PMID: 38499940 PMCID: PMC10998799 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09843-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we leveraged machine learning (ML) approach to develop and validate new assessment tools for predicting stroke and bleeding among patients with atrial fibrillation (AFib) and cancer. We conducted a retrospective cohort study including patients who were newly diagnosed with AFib with a record of cancer from the 2012-2018 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database. The ML algorithms were developed and validated separately for each outcome by fitting elastic net, random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), support vector machine (SVM), and neural network models with tenfold cross-validation (train:test = 7:3). We obtained area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and F2 score as performance metrics. Model calibration was assessed using Brier score. In sensitivity analysis, we resampled data using Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE). Among 18,388 patients with AFib and cancer, 523 (2.84%) had ischemic stroke and 221 (1.20%) had major bleeding within one year after AFib diagnosis. In prediction of ischemic stroke, RF significantly outperformed other ML models [AUC (0.916, 95% CI 0.887-0.945), sensitivity 0.868, specificity 0.801, F2 score 0.375, Brier score = 0.035]. However, the performance of ML algorithms in prediction of major bleeding was low with highest AUC achieved by RF (0.623, 95% CI 0.554-0.692). RF models performed better than CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores. SMOTE did not improve the performance of the ML algorithms. Our study demonstrated a promising application of ML in stroke prediction among patients with AFib and cancer. This tool may be leveraged in assisting clinicians to identify patients at high risk of stroke and optimize treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang Truong
- Department of Health Outcomes Research and Policy, Auburn University Harrison College of Pharmacy, 4306d Walker Building, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Jingyi Zheng
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Auburn University College of Sciences and Mathematics, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Lori Hornsby
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Auburn University Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Brent Fox
- Department of Health Outcomes Research and Policy, Auburn University Harrison College of Pharmacy, 4306d Walker Building, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Chiahung Chou
- Department of Health Outcomes Research and Policy, Auburn University Harrison College of Pharmacy, 4306d Walker Building, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Jingjing Qian
- Department of Health Outcomes Research and Policy, Auburn University Harrison College of Pharmacy, 4306d Walker Building, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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Truong B, Hornsby L, Fox B, Chou C, Zheng J, Qian J. Benefit and risk of oral anticoagulant initiation strategies in patients with atrial fibrillation and cancer: a target trial emulation using the SEER-Medicare database. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2024; 57:638-649. [PMID: 38504063 PMCID: PMC11026243 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-024-02958-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Oral anticoagulants (OACs) are recommended for patients with atrial fibrillation (AFib) having CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 2. However, the benefits of OAC initiation in patients with AFib and cancer at different levels of CHA2DS2-VASc is unknown. We included patients with new AFib diagnosis and a record of cancer (breast, prostate, or lung) from the 2012-2019 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database (n = 39,915). Risks of stroke and bleeding were compared between 5 treatment strategies: (1) initiated OAC when CHA2DS2-VASc ≥ 1 (n = 6008), (2) CHA2DS2-VASc ≥ 2 (n = 8694), (3) CHA2DS2-VASc ≥ 4 (n = 20,286), (4) CHA2DS2-VASc ≥ 6 (n = 30,944), and (5) never initiated OAC (reference group, n = 33,907). Confounders were adjusted using inverse probability weighting through cloning-censoring-weighting approach. Weighted pooled logistic regressions were used to estimate treatment effect [hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (95% CIs)]. We found that only patients who initiated OACs at CHA2DS2-VASc ≥ 6 had lower risk of stroke compared without OAC initiation (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.54-0.75). All 4 active treatment strategies had reduced risk of bleeding compared to non-initiators, with OAC initiation at CHA2DS2-VASc ≥ 6 being the most beneficial strategy (HR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.44-0.55). In patients with lung cancer or regional/metastatic cancer, OAC initiation at any CHA2DS2-VASc level increased risk of stroke and did not reduce risk of bleeding (except for Regimen 4). In conclusion, among cancer patients with new AFib diagnosis, OAC initiation at higher risk of stroke (CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 6) is more beneficial in preventing ischemic stroke and bleeding. Patients with advanced cancer or low life-expectancy may initiate OACs when CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang Truong
- Department of Health Outcomes Research and Policy, Auburn University Harrison College of Pharmacy, 4306d Walker Building, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Lori Hornsby
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Auburn University Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Brent Fox
- Department of Health Outcomes Research and Policy, Auburn University Harrison College of Pharmacy, 4306d Walker Building, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Chiahung Chou
- Department of Health Outcomes Research and Policy, Auburn University Harrison College of Pharmacy, 4306d Walker Building, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Jingyi Zheng
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Auburn University College of Sciences and Mathematics, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Jingjing Qian
- Department of Health Outcomes Research and Policy, Auburn University Harrison College of Pharmacy, 4306d Walker Building, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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Xie W, Hsu S, Lin Y, Xie L, Jin X, Zhu Z, Guo Y, Chen C, Huang D, Boltze J, Li P. Malignancy-associated ischemic stroke: Implications for diagnostic and therapeutic workup. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14619. [PMID: 38532275 PMCID: PMC10965754 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with malignancies have an increased risk of suffering ischemic stroke via several mechanisms such as coagulation dysfunction and other malignancy-related effects as well as iatrogenic causes. Moreover, stroke can be the first sign of an occult malignancy, termed as malignancy-associated ischemic stroke (MAS). Therefore, timely diagnostic assessment and targeted management of this complex clinical situation are critical. FINDINGS Patients with both stroke and malignancy have atypical ages, risk factors, and often exhibit malignancy-related symptoms and multiple lesions on neuroimaging. New biomarkers such as eicosapentaenoic acid and blood mRNA profiles may help in distinguishing MAS from other strokes. In terms of treatment, malignancy should not be considered a contraindication, given comparable rates of recanalization and complications between stroke patients with or without malignancies. CONCLUSION In this review, we summarize the latest developments in diagnosing and managing MAS, especially stroke with occult malignancies, and provide new recommendations from recently emerged clinical evidence for diagnostic and therapeutic workup strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Szuyao Hsu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yuxuan Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lv Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xia Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ziyu Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yunlu Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Caiyang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | | | - Peiying Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Clinical Research Center, Renji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Outcomes Research ConsortiumClevelandOhioUSA
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Abdelmessih E, Ahuja T, Wo S, Sango A, Papadopoulos J, Green D, Xiang E. Anticoagulant prescribing patterns in patients with primary central nervous system malignancies and secondary metastases. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2024; 57:418-427. [PMID: 38281232 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-023-02936-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
To evaluate the safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) versus low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in patients with central nervous system (CNS) malignancies and secondary metastases. All adult patients with CNS malignancies and secondary metastases who were treated with a DOAC or LMWH for any indication from 2018 to 2022 were included. The primary outcome was the incidence of any intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) after anticoagulation initiation. Secondary outcomes included non-ICH bleeding events and thromboembolic events. Tolerability was assessed by any changes in anticoagulant therapy during study period. 153 patients were included; 48 patients received enoxaparin and 105 received DOACs, of which apixaban was used most commonly. The population was predominantly White (74%) and male (59%) with a median age of 65. Data was censored for immortal time bias for outcomes evaluated beyond 3 months. ICH occurred in 7.7% of the population, more frequently in the enoxaparin group (DOACs 4, 4% vs. enoxaparin 7, 16%, p = 0.037). Non-ICH bleeds were predominantly minor and more common in the DOAC group (DOACs 13, 13% vs. enoxaparin 1, 2%, p = 0.037). Thromboembolic events were not different between groups (DOACs 9. 9% vs, enoxaparin 2, 4%, p = 0.503). Anticoagulant switches occurred more in the enoxaparin group (DOACs 12, 12.4% vs. enoxaparin, 37.8%, p < 0.001), primarily due to patient or provider preference. Our data supports DOACs to be preferred over LMWH for the treatment of VTE or for stroke prevention with AF to prevent ICH in patients with brain tumors or metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Abdelmessih
- Department of Pharmacy, NYU Langone Health, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Tania Ahuja
- Department of Pharmacy, NYU Langone Health, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Department of Medicine NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Stephanie Wo
- Department of Pharmacy, NYU Langone Health, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Aaron Sango
- Department of Pharmacy, NYU Langone Health, 150 55th Street, Brooklyn, NY, 11220, USA
| | - John Papadopoulos
- Department of Pharmacy, NYU Langone Health, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Medicine NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - David Green
- Department of Medicine NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Elaine Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, NYU Langone Health, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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Piserra López-Fernández De Heredia A, Ruiz Ortiz M, Pérez Cabeza AI, Díaz Expósito A, Fernández Valenzuela MI, Carrillo Bailén M, Alarcón De La Lastra Cubiles I, Moreno Vega A, Zalabardo Aguilar M, Chaparro Muñoz M, García Manrique T, Torres Llergo J, Ortega Granados AL, Sánchez Fernández JJ, Calvete Cadenas J, Mesa Rubio D. Clinical outcomes and mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation and recently diagnosed lung cancer in oncology outpatient settings. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102239. [PMID: 38056515 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and recently diagnosed lung cancer in the outpatient oncology clinic and to describe the clinical profile, management and outcomes of this population. METHODS Among 6984 patients visited at the outpatient oncology clinics attending lung cancer patients in five university hospitals from 2017 to 2019, all consecutive subjects with recently diagnosed (<1 year) disease and AF were retrospectively selected and events in follow up were registered. RESULTS A total of 269 patients (3.9 % of all attended, 71 ± 8 years, 91 % male) were included. Charlson, CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED indexes were 6.7 ± 2.9, 2.9 ± 1.5 y 2.5 ± 1.2, respectively. Tumour stage was I, II, III and IV in 11 %, 11 %, 33 % and 45 % of them, respectively. Anticoagulants were prescribed to 226 patients (84 %): direct anticoagulants (n = 99;44 %), low molecular weight heparins (n = 69;30 %) and vitamin K antagonists (n = 58;26 %). After 46 months of maximum follow-up, 186 patients died (69 %). Cumulative incidences of events at 3 years were 3.3 ± 1.3 % for stroke/systemic embolism (n = 7); 8.9 ± 2.2 % for thrombotic events (n = 18); 9.9 ± 2.6 % for major bleeding (n = 16), and 15.9 ± 3,0 % for cardiovascular events (n = 33). In patients with early stages of cancer (I-II), 2-year mortality was significantly higher in those with cardiovascular events or major bleeding (85 % vs 25 %, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Nearly 4 % or all outpatients in the oncology clinic attending lung cancer present recently diagnosed disease and AF. Major bleeding and cardiovascular event rates are high in this population, with an impact on mortality in early stages of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martín Ruiz Ortiz
- Department of Cardiology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain; Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, IMIBIC, Cordoba, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alberto Moreno Vega
- Department of Medical Oncology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dolores Mesa Rubio
- Department of Cardiology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain; Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, IMIBIC, Cordoba, Spain
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Wang T, Liu X, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Huang G, Xu J. Antithrombotic strategy in cancer patients comorbid with acute coronary syndrome and atrial fibrillation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1325488. [PMID: 38162143 PMCID: PMC10756915 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1325488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that patients with cancer have a longer expected life duration, benefiting from advanced medical therapy. Meanwhile, the risk of suffering from cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been increasing with ageing. A growing number of studies have elucidated the association between cancer and CVD. Cancer, atrial fibrillation (AF) and coronary artery disease share some common factors and interact with each other, such as obesity, aging, diabetes, and inflammation, but the potential specific mechanism is still unclear. In addition, cancer-specific and therapy-related factors may increase the risk of embolism and bleeding in patients with cancer than in general population. However, current available embolic and bleeding risk scores applied in patients with CVD may not be applicable for risk assessment in cancer patients, which would be difficult for clinicians to select an appropriate antithrombotic regimen and ensure the balance between bleeding and embolism. Moreover, different types of cancer have distinct risks, which may increase the complexity of antithrombotic therapy. In this review, we review the literature related to cancer, AF, and acute coronary syndrome, focusing on the epidemiological status, physiological mechanism, embolism and bleeding risks, and strategies of antithrombotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxin Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Junbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
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De Luca L, Camilli M, Canale ML, Mistrulli R, Andreoli F, Giacalone G, Turazza FM, Gabrielli D, Bisceglia I. Current Data and Future Perspectives on Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5357. [PMID: 38001617 PMCID: PMC10670853 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an increasingly recognized comorbidity in patients with cancer. Indeed, cancer patients have a significantly higher incidence of AF than that observed in the general population. A reciprocal relationship between these two diseases has been observed, as much as some assume AF to be a marker for occult cancer screening, especially in older adults. The pathophysiological mechanisms are many and varied, including the underlying pro-inflammatory state, specific treatments (chemo- and radiotherapy), and surgery. The therapeutic management of patients with cancer and AF involves the same rhythm and frequency control strategies as the general population; however, the numerous interactions with chemotherapeutics, which lead to a significant increase in side effects, as well as the extreme fragility of the patient, should be considered. Anticoagulant therapy is also a complex challenge to address, as bleeding and stroke risk scores have not been fully assessed in this subpopulation. Furthermore, in large studies establishing the efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), cancer patients have been underrepresented. In this review, we elaborate on the mechanisms linking AF to cancer patients with a particular focus on the therapeutic challenges in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo De Luca
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Medicine and Surgery, Division of Cardiology, A.O. San Camillo-Forlanini, 00152 Rome, Italy; (D.G.); (I.B.)
| | - Massimiliano Camilli
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Laura Canale
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda USL Toscana Nord-Ovest, Versilia Hospital, 55041 Lido di Camaiore, Italy;
| | - Raffaella Mistrulli
- Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (R.M.); (F.A.); (G.G.)
| | - Federico Andreoli
- Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (R.M.); (F.A.); (G.G.)
| | - Guido Giacalone
- Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (R.M.); (F.A.); (G.G.)
| | - Fabio Maria Turazza
- Cardiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Domenico Gabrielli
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Medicine and Surgery, Division of Cardiology, A.O. San Camillo-Forlanini, 00152 Rome, Italy; (D.G.); (I.B.)
| | - Irma Bisceglia
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Medicine and Surgery, Division of Cardiology, A.O. San Camillo-Forlanini, 00152 Rome, Italy; (D.G.); (I.B.)
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18
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Balomenakis C, Papazoglou AS, Vlachopoulou D, Kartas A, Moysidis DV, Vouloagkas I, Tsagkaris C, Georgopoulos K, Samaras A, Karagiannidis E, Giannakoulas G. Risk of arterial thromboembolism, bleeding and mortality in atrial fibrillation patients with comorbid cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hellenic J Cardiol 2023; 74:65-73. [PMID: 37414144 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Atrial fibrillation (AF) and cancer often co-exist. Each has been associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this meta-analysis was to synthesize available data regarding the incidence of arterial thromboembolism (TE), bleeding, and all-cause mortality in patients with AF with or without cancer. METHODS Literature search was conducted in PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, WebOfScience, Scopus, CENTRAL, OpenGrey, and EThOS databases to identify studies that included patients with AF and accounted for cancer status with the incidence of TE (ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, or arterial thrombosis), major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding, and all-cause mortality. A random-effects meta-analysis was used. RESULTS Overall, 17 studies were included (3,149,547 patients). The risk of TE was similar in patients with AF with comorbid cancer compared with that in AF alone (pooled odds ratio [pOR] 0.97, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.85-1.11, I2 = 87%). Major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding (pOR 1.65, 95% CI 1.35-2.02, I2 = 98%) and all-cause death (pOR 2.17, 95% CI 1.83-2.56, I2 = 98%) were significantly higher in patients with AF with cancer than in patients with AF only. The history of TE and hypertension and mean age were significant moderators of TE risk. CONCLUSION In patients with AF, the presence of cancer is associated with a similar risk of TE as well as an increased risk of bleeding and all-cause death compared with the absence of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Balomenakis
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andreas S Papazoglou
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece; Athens Naval Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Vlachopoulou
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasios Kartas
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios V Moysidis
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Vouloagkas
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos Tsagkaris
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Georgopoulos
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios Samaras
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efstratios Karagiannidis
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Giannakoulas
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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19
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Flore F, Scacciavillani R, Iannaccone G, Narducci ML, Pinnacchio G, Bencardino G, Perna F, Spera FR, Comerci G, Camilli M, Lombardo A, Lanza GA, Crea F, Pelargonio G. Mechanisms, prevalence and management of cardiac arrhythmias in cancer patients: a comprehensive review. Future Cardiol 2023; 19:707-718. [PMID: 37929680 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2023-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, prognosis and survival of cancer patients has improved due to progression and refinement of cancer therapies; however, cardiovascular sequelae in this population augmented and now represent the second cause of death in oncological patients. Initially, the main issue was represented by heart failure and coronary artery disease, but a growing body of evidence has now shed light on the increased arrhythmic risk of this population, atrial fibrillation being the most frequently encountered. Awareness of arrhythmic complications of cancer and its treatments may help oncologists and cardiologists to develop targeted approaches for the management of arrhythmias in this population. In this review, we provide an updated overview of the mechanisms triggering cardiac arrhythmias in cancer patients, their prevalence and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Flore
- Department of Cardiovascular & Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Scacciavillani
- Department of Cardiovascular & Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Iannaccone
- Department of Cardiovascular & Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Narducci
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Pinnacchio
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Bencardino
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Perna
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Comerci
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Camilli
- Department of Cardiovascular & Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Lombardo
- Department of Cardiovascular & Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Antonio Lanza
- Department of Cardiovascular & Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Crea
- Department of Cardiovascular & Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gemma Pelargonio
- Department of Cardiovascular & Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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20
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Peng X, He L, Liu N, Ruan Y, Zhao X, Guo X, Wang W, Li S, Tang R, Sang C, Jiang C, Yu R, Long D, Du X, Dong J, Ma C. Outcome of cancer patients after atrial fibrillation ablation: Insights from the China-AF registry. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2023; 46:1419-1429. [PMID: 37736690 DOI: 10.1111/pace.14830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer has become significant comorbidity in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, little is known about the efficacy and safety of AF ablation, the first-line rhythm control strategy, in patients with cancer. This study aims to evaluate the incidence and risk of AF recurrence and safety endpoints in patients with cancer compared to the non-cancer group after ablation. METHODS From August 2011 to December 2020, we consecutively enrolled cancer patients in the China-AF cohort. We used propensity score matching (1:3) to select the control group and assessed the risk of AF recurrence and adverse events after ablation in cancer patients using a multivariable Fine and Gray competing risk model. RESULTS A total of 203 patients with cancer were enrolled and 21 of them were active cancer, with a median follow-up of 12.3 months. The cumulative incidence of AF recurrence was comparable between patients with and without cancer (43.8% vs. 51.1%; p = .88). No difference in the risk of AF recurrence, thromboembolism, major bleeding, and mortality was observed after adjusting confounders. Active cancer was not associated with an increased risk of AF recurrence compared to the stable disease (SHR = 1.32; 95% CI 0.72-2.43; p = .46). Cancer was associated with a low risk of cardiovascular hospitalization (SHR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.36-0.81; p = .01). Subgroup analysis found that hematological malignancy was associated with a high risk of AF recurrence (SHR, 5.68; 95% CI, 3.00-10.8; p < .001). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that catheter ablation could be feasible for rhythm control of AF patients with concomitant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liu He
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nian Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfei Ruan
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyuan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Songnan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ribo Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Caihua Sang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxi Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ronghui Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Deyong Long
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Heart Health Research Center (HHRC), Beijing, China
- The George Institute for Global Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jianzeng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Changsheng Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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21
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Franchina AG, Rocchetti M, Sala E, Laricchia A, Minardi A, Spangaro A, Guazzi M, Lucreziotti S, Cereda A. Relationships, Current Issues, Safety and Efficacy of Oral Anticoagulation in Cancer Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6559. [PMID: 37892697 PMCID: PMC10607729 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A relationship between malignancy and impaired hemostasis has been proven, and balancing clotting and bleeding risks can be challenging. Half of cancer patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) do not receive any oral anticoagulation (OAC). Using PubMed on the relationship between cancer and AF and their association with hemostasis, targeting studies comparing vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) and direct OAC (DOAC) strategies in AF cancer patients, three RCTs (>3000 patients) and eight observational studies (>250,000 patients) comparing different OACs were retrieved. The VKA prescribed was always warfarin. Dabigatran was the only DOAC not analyzed in the RCTs but the most used in non-randomized studies, whereas edoxaban-treated patients were the majority in the RCTs. Overall, the DOAC patients showed similar or lower rates of efficacy (thromboembolic) and safety (bleeding) outcomes compared to the VKA patients. DOACs are subject to fewer interactions with antineoplastic agents. DOACs may be preferable to VKAs as a thromboembolic prophylaxis in cancer patients with non-valvular AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gabriele Franchina
- Division of Cardiology, Cardio-Thoracic Department, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital (ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo), Via Pio II n.3, 20153 Milan, Italy; (M.R.); (E.S.); (A.L.); (A.M.); (A.S.); (S.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Matteo Rocchetti
- Division of Cardiology, Cardio-Thoracic Department, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital (ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo), Via Pio II n.3, 20153 Milan, Italy; (M.R.); (E.S.); (A.L.); (A.M.); (A.S.); (S.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Elena Sala
- Division of Cardiology, Cardio-Thoracic Department, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital (ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo), Via Pio II n.3, 20153 Milan, Italy; (M.R.); (E.S.); (A.L.); (A.M.); (A.S.); (S.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Alessandra Laricchia
- Division of Cardiology, Cardio-Thoracic Department, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital (ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo), Via Pio II n.3, 20153 Milan, Italy; (M.R.); (E.S.); (A.L.); (A.M.); (A.S.); (S.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Alessandro Minardi
- Division of Cardiology, Cardio-Thoracic Department, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital (ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo), Via Pio II n.3, 20153 Milan, Italy; (M.R.); (E.S.); (A.L.); (A.M.); (A.S.); (S.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Andrea Spangaro
- Division of Cardiology, Cardio-Thoracic Department, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital (ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo), Via Pio II n.3, 20153 Milan, Italy; (M.R.); (E.S.); (A.L.); (A.M.); (A.S.); (S.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Marco Guazzi
- Division of Cardiology, Cardio-Thoracic Department, San Paolo Hospital (ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo), Via Antonio di Rudinì, 8, 20142 Milan, Italy;
| | - Stefano Lucreziotti
- Division of Cardiology, Cardio-Thoracic Department, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital (ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo), Via Pio II n.3, 20153 Milan, Italy; (M.R.); (E.S.); (A.L.); (A.M.); (A.S.); (S.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Alberto Cereda
- Division of Cardiology, Cardio-Thoracic Department, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital (ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo), Via Pio II n.3, 20153 Milan, Italy; (M.R.); (E.S.); (A.L.); (A.M.); (A.S.); (S.L.); (A.C.)
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22
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Ajabnoor AM, Parisi R, Zghebi SS, Ashcroft DM, Faivre‐Finn C, Morris C, Mamas MA, Kontopantelis E. Common Cancer Types and Risk of Stroke and Bleeding in Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Population-Based Study in England. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e029423. [PMID: 37750567 PMCID: PMC10727261 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.029423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between cancer and stroke or bleeding outcomes in atrial fibrillation is unclear. We sought to examine how certain types of cancer influence the balance between stroke and bleeding risk in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). METHODS AND RESULTS We estimated stroke and bleeding risk among adult patients with NVAF and certain types of cancer (breast, prostate, colorectal, lung, and hematological cancer) from 2009 to 2019 based on data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD and Aurum databases. The control group included patients with NVAF only. Of 177 065 patients with NVAF, 11379 (6.4%) had cancer (1691 breast, 3955 prostate, 1666 colorectal, 2491 hematological, and 1576 lung). Compared with patients without cancer, stroke risk was higher in patients with breast cancer (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.20 [95% CI, 1.07-1.35) and with prostate cancer (aHR, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.01-1.12) if diagnosed within 6 months before NVAF. The risk of bleeding was increased in subjects with hematological cancer (aHR, 1.55 [95% CI, 1.40-1.71]), lung cancer (aHR, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.25, 1.77]), prostate cancer (aHR, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.28-1.49]), and colorectal cancer (aHR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.21-1.53]), but not for subjects with breast cancer. The more recent the cancer diagnosis before NVAF diagnosis (within 6 months), the higher the risk of bleeding. CONCLUSIONS Breast and prostate cancer are associated with increased stroke risk, whereas in some cancer types, the risk of bleeding seemed to exceed stroke risk. In these patients, prescribing of oral anticoagulant should be carefully evaluated to balance bleeding and stroke risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyaa M. Ajabnoor
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of PharmacyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC)University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Rosa Parisi
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC)University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Salwa S. Zghebi
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC)University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Darren M. Ashcroft
- Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Greater Manchester Patient Safety Research Collaboration (PSRC)University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Corinne Faivre‐Finn
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust and The University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Morris
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC)University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Mamas A. Mamas
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Centre for Prognosis Research, Institute for Primary Care and Health SciencesKeele UniversityKeeleUnited Kingdom
| | - Evangelos Kontopantelis
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC)University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
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23
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Lucà F, Oliva F, Abrignani MG, Di Fusco SA, Parrini I, Canale ML, Giubilato S, Cornara S, Nesti M, Rao CM, Pozzi A, Binaghi G, Maloberti A, Ceravolo R, Bisceglia I, Rossini R, Temporelli PL, Amico AF, Calvanese R, Gelsomino S, Riccio C, Grimaldi M, Colivicchi F, Gulizia MM. Management of Patients Treated with Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Clinical Practice and Challenging Scenarios. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5955. [PMID: 37762897 PMCID: PMC10531873 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are the cornerstone of anticoagulant strategy in atrial fibrillation (AF) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) and should be preferred over vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) since they are superior or non-inferior to VKAs in reducing thromboembolic risk and are associated with a lower risk of intracranial hemorrhage (IH). In addition, many factors, such as fewer pharmacokinetic interactions and less need for monitoring, contribute to the favor of this therapeutic strategy. Although DOACs represent a more suitable option, several issues should be considered in clinical practice, including drug-drug interactions (DDIs), switching to other antithrombotic therapies, preprocedural and postprocedural periods, and the use in patients with chronic renal and liver failure and in those with cancer. Furthermore, adherence to DOACs appears to remain suboptimal. This narrative review aims to provide a practical guide for DOAC prescription and address challenging scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Lucà
- Cardiology Department, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, AO Bianchi Melacrino Morelli, 89129 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Oliva
- Cardiology Department De Gasperis Cardio Center, Niguarda Hospital, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Angela Di Fusco
- Clinical and Rehabilitation Cardiology Department, San Filippo Neri Hospital, ASL Roma 1, 00135 Roma, Italy
| | - Iris Parrini
- Cardiology Department, Ospedale Mauriziano, 10128 Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Canale
- Cardiology Department, Nuovo Ospedale Versilia Lido di Camaiore Lucca, 55049 Camaiore, Italy
| | - Simona Giubilato
- Cardiology Department, Cannizzaro Hospital, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Cornara
- Arrhytmia Unit, Division of Cardiology, Ospedale San Paolo, Azienda Sanitaria Locale 2, 17100 Savona, Italy
| | | | - Carmelo Massimiliano Rao
- Cardiology Department, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, AO Bianchi Melacrino Morelli, 89129 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Andrea Pozzi
- Cardiology Division Valduce Hospital, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Giulio Binaghi
- Department of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Brotzu, 09047 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Maloberti
- Cardiology Department De Gasperis Cardio Center, Niguarda Hospital, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Ceravolo
- Cardiology Unit, Giovanni Paolo II Hospital, 88046 Lamezia, Italy
| | - Irma Bisceglia
- Integrated Cardiology Services, Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Rossini
- Cardiology Unit, Ospedale Santa Croce e Carle, 12100 Cuneo, Italy;
| | - Pier Luigi Temporelli
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, 28010 Gattico-Veruno, Italy
| | | | | | - Sandro Gelsomino
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carmine Riccio
- Cardiovascular Department, Sant’Anna e San Sebastiano Hospital, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Massimo Grimaldi
- Department of Cardiology, General Regional Hospital “F. Miulli”, 70021 Bari, Italy
| | - Furio Colivicchi
- Clinical and Rehabilitation Cardiology Department, San Filippo Neri Hospital, ASL Roma 1, 00135 Roma, Italy
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24
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Thotamgari SR, Sheth AR, Patel HP, Sandhyavenu H, Patel B, Grewal US, Bhuiyan MAN, Dani SS, Dominic P. Safety of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in patients with cancer: a nationwide cohort study. Postgrad Med 2023; 135:562-568. [PMID: 37224412 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2023.2218188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in patients with cancer, especially breast, gastrointestinal, respiratory, urinary tract, and hematological malignancies. Catheter ablation (CA) is a well-established, safe treatment option in healthy patients; however, literature regarding safety of CA for AF in patients with cancer is limited and confined to single centers. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the outcomes and peri-procedural safety of CA for AF in patients with certain types of cancer. METHODS The NIS database was queried between 2016 and 2019 to identify primary hospitalizations with AF and CA. Hospitalizations with secondary diagnosis of atrial flutter and other arrhythmias were excluded. Propensity score matching was used to balance the covariates between cancer and non-cancer groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association. RESULTS During this period, 47,765 CA procedures were identified, out of which 750 (1.6%) hospitalizations had a diagnosis of cancer. After propensity matching, hospitalizations with cancer diagnosis had higher in-hospital mortality (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.5-6.2, p = 0.001), lower home discharge rates (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.6-0.9, p < 0.001) as well as other complications such as major bleeding (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3-2.7, p = 0.001) and pulmonary embolism (OR 6.1, 95% CI 2.1-17.8, p < 0.001) but not associated with any major cardiac complications (OR 1.2, 95% CI 0.7-1.8, p = 0.53). CONCLUSION Patients with cancer who underwent CA for AF had significantly higher odds of in-hospital mortality, major bleeding, and pulmonary embolism. Further larger prospective observational studies are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahith Reddy Thotamgari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Aakash R Sheth
- Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Harrisburg, PA, USA
| | - Harsh P Patel
- Division of Cardiology, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Harigopal Sandhyavenu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Louis. A. Weiss Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bhavin Patel
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Udhayvir S Grewal
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Sourbha S Dani
- Department of Cardiology, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
| | - Paari Dominic
- Center of Excellence for Cardiovascular Diseases & Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, USA
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25
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Chai-Adisaksopha C, Watanabe AH, Dilokthornsakul P, Navaravong L, Witt DM, Chaiyakunapruk N. Impact of type of anticoagulant on clinical outcomes in cancer patients who had atrial fibrillation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10937. [PMID: 37414965 PMCID: PMC10325995 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38071-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, evidence on optimal anticoagulant options in patients with AF who concurrently have active cancer remains elusive. To describe anticoagulant patterns and clinical outcomes among patients with a concomitant diagnosis of AF and cancer. Data were obtained from the University of Utah and Huntsman Cancer Institute (HCI) Hospitals. Patients were included if they had diagnosis of AF and cancer. Outcome was type and pattern of anticoagulant. Clinical outcomes were stroke, bleeding and all-cause mortality. From October 1999 to December 2020, there were 566 AF patients who concurrently had active cancer. Mean age ± standard deviation was 76.2 ± 10.7 and 57.6% were males. Comparing to warfarin, patients who received direct oral anticoagulant (DOACs) were associated with similar risk of stroke (adjusted hazard ratio, aHR 0.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.2-2.7, P = 0.67). On contrary, those who received low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) were associated with significantly higher risk of stroke comparing to warfarin (aHR 2.4, 95% CI 1.0-5.6, P = 0.04). Comparing to warfarin, DOACs and LMWH was associated with similar risk of overall bleeding with aHR 1.1 (95% CI 0.7-1.6, P = 0.73) and aHR 1.1 (95% CI 0.6-1.7, P = 0.83), respectively. Patients who received LMWH but not DOACs were associated with increased risk of death as compared to warfarin, aHR 4.5 (95% CI 2.8-7.2, P < 0.001) and 1.2 (95% CI 0.7-2.2, P = 0.47). In patients with active cancer and AF, LMWH, compared to warfarin, was associated with an increased risk of stroke and all-cause mortality. Furthermore, DOACs was associated with similar risk of stroke, bleeding and death as compared to warfarin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre H Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Pharmacotherapy Outcomes Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Piyameth Dilokthornsakul
- Center for Medical and Health Technology Assessment (CM-HTA), Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Daniel M Witt
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Pharmacotherapy Outcomes Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Pharmacotherapy Outcomes Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- IDEAS Center, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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26
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Cereda A, Lucreziotti S, Franchina AG, Laricchia A, De Regibus V, Conconi B, Carlà M, Spangaro A, Rocchetti M, Ponti L, Minardi A, Sala E, Sangiorgi GM, Tumminello G, Barbieri L, Carugo S, Aseni P. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Oral Anticoagulant Therapy in Atrial Fibrillation Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092574. [PMID: 37174043 PMCID: PMC10177228 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Introduction: Cancer and atrial fibrillation (AF) are increasingly coexisting medical challenges. These two conditions share an increased thrombotic and bleeding risk. Although optimal regimens of the most suitable anti-thrombotic therapy are now affirmed in the general population, cancer patients are still particularly understudied on the matter; (2) Aims And Methodology: This metanalysis (11 studies (incl. 266,865 patients)) aims at evaluating the ischemic-hemorrhagic risk profile of oncologic patients with AF treated with oral anticoagulants (vitamin K antagonists vs. direct oral anticoagulants); (3) Results: In the oncological population, DOACs confer a benefit in terms of the reduction in ischemic, hemorrhagic and venous thromboembolic events. However, ischemic prevention has a non-insignificant bleeding risk, lower than Warfarin but significant and higher than the non-oncological patients; (4) Conclusions: Anticoagulation with DOACs provides a higher safety profile with respect to VKAs in terms of stroke reduction and a relative bleeding reduction risk. Further studies are needed to better assess the optimal anticoagulation strategy in cancer patients with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cereda
- Cardiovascular Department, Association Socio Sanitary Territorial Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20153 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Lucreziotti
- Cardiovascular Department, Association Socio Sanitary Territorial Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20153 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Gabriele Franchina
- Cardiovascular Department, Association Socio Sanitary Territorial Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20153 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Laricchia
- Cardiovascular Department, Association Socio Sanitary Territorial Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20153 Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina De Regibus
- Cardiovascular Department, Association Socio Sanitary Territorial Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20153 Milano, Italy
| | - Barbara Conconi
- Cardiovascular Department, Association Socio Sanitary Territorial Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20153 Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Carlà
- Cardiovascular Department, Association Socio Sanitary Territorial Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20153 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Spangaro
- Cardiovascular Department, Association Socio Sanitary Territorial Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20153 Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Rocchetti
- Cardiovascular Department, Association Socio Sanitary Territorial Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20153 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Ponti
- Cardiovascular Department, Association Socio Sanitary Territorial Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20153 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Minardi
- Cardiovascular Department, Association Socio Sanitary Territorial Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20153 Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Sala
- Cardiovascular Department, Association Socio Sanitary Territorial Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20153 Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Massimo Sangiorgi
- Division of Cardiology, "Tor Vergata" University Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Tumminello
- Cardiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Barbieri
- Cardiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Carugo
- Cardiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Aseni
- Department of Emergency, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy
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27
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Pastori D, Menichelli D, Di Rocco A, Farcomeni A, Sciacqua A, Pignatelli P, Fauchier L, Lip GYH. Bleeding and thrombotic events in atrial fibrillation patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intern Emerg Med 2023; 18:655-665. [PMID: 36480081 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-022-03156-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) and cancer are frequently coexisting in elderly patients. Pooled metanalytic data on the impact of cancer on clinical outcomes in AF patients are lacking. We performed a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of clinical studies retrieved from Medline (PubMed) and Cochrane (CENTRAL) databases according to PRISMA guidelines. Bleeding endpoints included any, major, gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and intracranial haemorrhage (ICH). Cardiovascular (CV) endpoints included myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke/systemic embolism (IS/SE), CV and all-cause death. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022315678. We included 15 studies with 2,868,010 AF patients, of whom 479,571 (16.7%) had cancer. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) for cancer was 1.43 (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.42-1.44) for any bleeding, 1.27 (95% CI 1.26-1.29) for major bleeding, 1.17 (95% CI 1.14-1.19) for GI bleeding, and 1.07 (95% CI 1.04-1.11) for ICH. The risk of major bleeding increased with the proportion of breast cancer. Cancer increased the risk of all-cause death (HR 2.00, 95% CI 1.99-2.02) whereas no association with MI and CV death was found. Patients with AF and cancer were less likely to suffer from IS/SE (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.89-0.94). Cancer complicates the clinical history of AF patients, mainly increasing the risk of bleeding. Further analyses according to the type and stage of cancer are necessary to better stratify bleeding risk in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Pastori
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Danilo Menichelli
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Di Rocco
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Farcomeni
- Department of Economics and Finance, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Sciacqua
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pignatelli
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Laurent Fauchier
- Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Trousseau Et EA7505, Faculté de Médecine, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
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D'Amario D, Galli M, Cappannoli L, Canonico F, Restivo A, Arcudi A, Scacciavillani R, Riccioni ME, Vergallo R, Montone RA, Conte A, Meleo E, Lancellotti S, Sacco M, Antonelli M, Andreotti F, DE Cristofaro R, Crea F. Oral anticoagulants in fragile patients with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and atrial fibrillation: the ORIGAMI pilot investigation. Minerva Cardiol Angiol 2023; 71:109-116. [PMID: 35166091 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5683.21.05903-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive data support the superior safety without any trade-off in efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) compared to vitamin K antagonists (VKA) in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. Whether DOACs may be successfully used to treat complex and fragile patients with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) remains to be proven. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility, anticoagulant effect, and preliminary safety/efficacy profile of edoxaban administered via PEG in patients with an indication for long-term oral anticoagulation. METHODS In this prospective, single-arm, pilot study, 12 patients with PEG and guideline-recommended indication for anticoagulation for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation were prospectively enrolled. Crushed edoxaban at approved doses was administered via PEG. Quantitative measures of edoxaban's antifactor Xa activity were performed at steady state. Thromboembolic and bleeding events were assessed at one-month follow-up. RESULTS Steady state edoxaban plasma levels were at therapeutic range in all patients; mean plasma concentration was 208.5 (±78.6) ng/mL. At one month follow-up, none had suffered a thromboembolic event; one developed minor bleeding, and one died from non-cardiovascular death, owing to sudden worsening of a pre-existing underlying severe condition. CONCLUSIONS In this pilot investigation, we report for the first time that crushed edoxaban, administered at approved doses through PEG in fragile and complex patients, is feasible, results in therapeutic edoxaban concentrations, and is apparently effective and safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico D'Amario
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy - .,Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy -
| | - Mattia Galli
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Canonico
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Rocco Vergallo
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco A Montone
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Amelia Conte
- NEMO Center, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliana Meleo
- NEMO Center, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Massimo Antonelli
- Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy.,NEMO Center, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Emergency Sciences, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Felicita Andreotti
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Raimondo DE Cristofaro
- Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy.,NEMO Center, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Emergency Sciences, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Section of Hemorrhagic and Thrombotic Diseases, Department of Medicine and Translational Surgery, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Crea
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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29
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Carbone A, Bottino R, D’Andrea A, Russo V. Direct Oral Anticoagulants for Stroke Prevention in Special Populations: Beyond the Clinical Trials. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010131. [PMID: 36672639 PMCID: PMC9856013 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are the first-line anticoagulant strategy in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). They are characterized by a more favorable pharmacological profile than warfarin, having demonstrated equal efficacy in stroke prevention and greater safety in terms of intracranial bleeding. The study population in the randomized trials of DOACs was highly selected, so the results of these trials cannot be extended to specific populations such as obese, elderly, frail, and cancer patients, which, on the other hand, are sub-populations widely represented in clinical practice. Furthermore, due to the negative results of DOAC administration in patients with mechanical heart valves, the available evidence in subjects with biological heart valves is still few and often controversial. We sought to review the available literature on the efficacy and safety of DOACs in elderly, obese, underweight, frail, cancer patients, and in patients with bioprosthetic heart valves with NVAF to clarify the best anticoagulant strategy in these special and poorly studied subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreina Carbone
- Department of Cardiology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Bottino
- Department of Cardiology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonello D’Andrea
- Unit of Cardiology and Intensive Coronary Care, “Umberto I” Hospital, 84014 Nocera Inferiore, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- Department of Cardiology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Monaldi Hospital, P.zzale Ettore Ruggeri, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-5665144
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30
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Cappannoli L, Laborante R, Galli M, Canonico F, Ciliberti G, Restivo A, Princi G, Arcudi A, Sabatelli M, De Cristofaro R, Crea F, D’Amario D. Feasibility, effectiveness, and safety of edoxaban administration through percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: 12-months follow up of the ORIGAMI study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1052053. [PMID: 36620634 PMCID: PMC9815104 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1052053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Edoxaban proved to be safe and effective also in fragile patients, but its administration through percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) has not been previously investigated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and the preliminary safety and efficacy profiles of edoxaban administered via PEG in patients with an indication for long-term oral anticoagulation. Methods ORIGAMI was a prospective, single-arm, observational study (NCT04271293). Patients with PEG and an indication for long-term anticoagulation were prospectively enrolled. Crushed edoxaban at approved doses was administered via PEG. The primary endpoint was the composite of cardio-embolic events consisting of ischemic stroke, systemic embolism, or symptomatic deep venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism (DVT/PE). Secondary endpoints were the number of bleeding events and edoxaban plasma concentrations at steady state. We here report the 12-month results. Results A total of 12 patients were enrolled. The main indication for PEG implantation was amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (10/12). The primary endpoint of cardio-embolic events did not occur in any patients at 12 months. All patients were in the therapeutic range of steady-state edoxaban plasma levels. Three minor bleedings were observed, while no major bleedings occurred during the observational period. A total of five patients died. All deaths were from non-cardiovascular causes and were consistent with the natural history of the pre-existing severe disease. Conclusion Our study suggests that edoxaban administration via PEG is feasible and appears safe and effective in fragile, comorbid patients, resulting in therapeutic plasma concentrations of edoxaban. Clinical trial registration [ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT04271293].
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Cappannoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (UCSC), Rome, Italy
| | - Renzo Laborante
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (UCSC), Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Galli
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (UCSC), Rome, Italy
- Gruppo Villa Maria (GVM) Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Francesco Canonico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ciliberti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (UCSC), Rome, Italy
| | - Attilio Restivo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (UCSC), Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Princi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (UCSC), Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Arcudi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (UCSC), Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Sabatelli
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (UCSC), Rome, Italy
- Centro NEuroMuscular Omnicenter (NEMO), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Raimondo De Cristofaro
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (UCSC), Rome, Italy
- Servizio Malattie Emorragiche e Trombotiche, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Crea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (UCSC), Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico D’Amario
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (UCSC), Rome, Italy
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Pastori D, Marang A, Bisson A, Herbert J, Lip GYH, Fauchier L. Performance of the HAS-BLED, ORBIT, and ATRIA Bleeding Risk Scores on a Cohort of 399 344 Hospitalized Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Cancer: Data From the French National Hospital Discharge Database. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e026388. [PMID: 36444864 PMCID: PMC9851457 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.026388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background The association between cancer types and specific bleeding events in patients with atrial fibrillation has been scarcely investigated. Also, the performance of bleeding risk scores in this high-risk subgroup of patients is unclear. We investigated the rate of any bleeding, intracranial hemorrhage, major bleeding, and gastrointestinal bleeding according to cancer types in patients with atrial fibrillation. We also tested the predictive value of HAS-BLED, ATRIA, and ORBIT bleeding risk scores. Methods and Results Observational retrospective cohort study including hospitalized patients with atrial fibrillation and cancer from the French National Hospital Discharge Database (Programme de Medicalisation des Systemes d'Information) from January 2010 to December 2019. Major bleeding was defined according to Bleeding Academic Research Consortium definitions. Patients with HAS-BLED ≥3, ATRIA ≥5, or ORBIT ≥4 were classified as at high bleeding risk. Receiver operating characteristic analysis for each score against any bleeding, major bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding, and intracranial hemorrhage was performed. Areas under the curve (AUCs) were then compared. We included 399 344 patients. Mean age was 77.9±10.2 years, and 63.2% were men. The highest intracranial hemorrhage rates were found in leukemia (1.89%/year), myeloma (1.52%/year), lymphoma and liver (1.45%/year), and pancreas cancer (1.41%/year). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that ORBIT score predicted best for any bleeding. In addition, ORBIT score ≥4 had the highest predictivity for major bleeding (AUC, 0.805), followed by HAS-BLED ≥3 and ATRIA ≥5 (AUCs, 0.716 and 0.700, respectively). HAS-BLED and ORBIT performed best for intracranial hemorrhage (AUCs, 0.744 and 0.742 for continuous scores, respectively), better than ATRIA (AUC, 0.635). For gastrointestinal bleeding, ORBIT ≥4 had the highest predictivity (AUC, 0.756), followed by the HAS-BLED ≥3 (AUC, 0.702) and ATRIA ≥5 (AUC, 0.662). Conclusions Some cancer types carry a greater bleeding risk in patients with atrial fibrillation. The identification and management of modifiable bleeding risk factors is crucial in these patients, as well as to flag up high bleeding risk patients for early review and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Pastori
- Emergency Medicine Unit ‐ Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular SciencesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly,Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United KingdomLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Amélie Marang
- Service de CardiologieCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Trousseau et EA7505, Faculté de Médecine, Université François RabelaisToursFrance
| | - Arnaud Bisson
- Service de CardiologieCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Trousseau et EA7505, Faculté de Médecine, Université François RabelaisToursFrance
| | - Julien Herbert
- Service de CardiologieCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Trousseau et EA7505, Faculté de Médecine, Université François RabelaisToursFrance,Service d’information médicale, d’épidémiologie et d’économie de la santéCentre Hospitalier Universitaire et EA7505, Faculté de Médecine, Université François RabelaisToursFrance
| | - Gregory Yoke Hong Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United KingdomLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Laurent Fauchier
- Service de CardiologieCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Trousseau et EA7505, Faculté de Médecine, Université François RabelaisToursFrance
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32
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Mehta HB, An H, Ardeshirrouhanifard S, Raji MA, Alexander GC, Segal JB. Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants Versus Warfarin Among Adults With Cancer and Atrial Fibrillation. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2022; 15:e008951. [PMID: 36453260 PMCID: PMC9772095 DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.122.008951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While clinical guidelines recommend direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOAC) over warfarin to treat isolated nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, guidelines are silent regarding nonvalvular atrial fibrillation treatment among individuals with cancer, reflecting the paucity of evidence in this setting. We quantified relative risk of ischemic stroke or systemic embolism and major bleeding (primary outcomes), and all-cause and cardiovascular death (secondary outcomes) among older individuals with cancer and nonvalvular atrial fibrillation comparing DOACs and warfarin. METHODS This retrospective cohort study used Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry and linked US Medicare data from 2010 through 2016, and included individuals diagnosed with cancer and nonvalvular atrial fibrillation who newly initiated DOAC or warfarin. We used inverse probability of treatment weighting to control confounding. We used competing risk regression for primary outcomes and cardiovascular death, and Cox proportional hazard regression for all-cause death. RESULTS Among 7675 individuals included in the cohort, 4244 (55.3%) received DOACs and 3431 (44.7%) warfarin. In the inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis, there was no statistically significant difference among DOAC and warfarin users in the risk of ischemic stroke or systemic embolism (1.24 versus 1.19 events per 100 person-years, adjusted hazard ratio 1.41 [95% CI, 0.92-2.14]), major bleeding (3.08 versus 4.49 events per 100 person-years, adjusted hazard ratio 0.90 [95% CI, 0.70-1.17]), and cardiovascular death (1.88 versus 3.14 per 100 person-years, adjusted hazard ratio 0.82 [95% CI, 0.59-0.1.13]). DOAC users had significantly lower risk of all-cause death (7.09 versus 13.3 per 100 person-years, adjusted hazard ratio 0.81 [95% CI, 0.69-0.94]) compared to warfarin users. CONCLUSIONS Older adults with cancer and atrial fibrillation exposed to DOACs had similar risks of stroke and systemic embolism and major bleeding as those exposed to warfarin. Relative to warfarin, DOAC use was associated with a similar risk of cardiovascular death and a lower risk of all-cause death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemalkumar B. Mehta
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Center for Drug Safety and Effectiveness, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Huijun An
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Center for Drug Safety and Effectiveness, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Shirin Ardeshirrouhanifard
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Center for Drug Safety and Effectiveness, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mukaila A. Raji
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - G. Caleb Alexander
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Center for Drug Safety and Effectiveness, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jodi B. Segal
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Center for Drug Safety and Effectiveness, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Lyon AR, López-Fernández T, Couch LS, Asteggiano R, Aznar MC, Bergler-Klein J, Boriani G, Cardinale D, Cordoba R, Cosyns B, Cutter DJ, de Azambuja E, de Boer RA, Dent SF, Farmakis D, Gevaert SA, Gorog DA, Herrmann J, Lenihan D, Moslehi J, Moura B, Salinger SS, Stephens R, Suter TM, Szmit S, Tamargo J, Thavendiranathan P, Tocchetti CG, van der Meer P, van der Pal HJH. 2022 ESC Guidelines on cardio-oncology developed in collaboration with the European Hematology Association (EHA), the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ESTRO) and the International Cardio-Oncology Society (IC-OS). Eur Heart J 2022; 43:4229-4361. [PMID: 36017568 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 846] [Impact Index Per Article: 423.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Parrini I, Lucà F, Rao CM, Parise G, Micali LR, Musumeci G, La Meir M, Colivicchi F, Gulizia MM, Gelsomino S. Superiority of Direct Oral Anticoagulants over Vitamin K Antagonists in Oncological Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Analysis of Efficacy and Safety Outcomes. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195712. [PMID: 36233581 PMCID: PMC9572823 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim. Cancer and atrial fibrillation (AF) may be associated, and anticoagulation, either with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), is necessary to prevent thromboembolic events by reducing the risk of bleeding. The log incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% confidence interval were used as index statistics. Higgin’s I2 test was adopted to assess statistical inconsistencies by considering interstudy variations, defined by values ranging from 0 to 100%. I2 values of less than 40% are associated with very low heterogeneity among the studies; values between 40% and 75% indicate moderate heterogeneity, and those greater than 75% suggest severe heterogeneity. The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the safety and efficacy of VKAs and DOACs in oncologic patients with AF. Methods. A meta-analysis was conducted comparing VKAs to DOACs in terms of thromboembolic events and bleeding. A meta-regression was conducted to investigate the differences in efficacy and safety between four different DOACs. Moreover, a sub-analysis on active-cancer-only patients was conducted. Results. A total of eight papers were included. The log incidence rate ratio (IRR) for thromboembolic events between the two groups was −0.69 (p < 0.005). The meta-regression did not reveal significant differences between the types of DOACs (p > 0.9). The Log IRR was −0.38 (p = 0.008) for ischemic stroke, −0.43 (p = 0.02) for myocardial infarction, −0.39 (p = 0.45) for arterial embolism, and −1.04 (p = 0.003) for venous thromboembolism. The log IRR for bleeding events was −0.43 (p < 0.005), and the meta-regression revealed no statistical difference (p = 0.7). The log IRR of hemorrhagic stroke, major bleeding, and clinically relevant non-major bleeding between the VKA and DOAC groups was −0.51 (p < 0.0001), −0.45 (p = 0.03), and 0.0045 (p = 0.97), respectively. Similar results were found in active-cancer patients for all the endpoints except for clinically-relevant non-major bleedings. Conclusions. DOACs showed better efficacy and safety outcomes than VKAs. No difference was found between types of DOACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Parrini
- Division of Cardiology, Mauriziano Hospital, 10128 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Fabiana Lucà
- Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | | | - Gianmarco Parise
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Renata Micali
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mark La Meir
- University Hospital Brussels, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Michele Massimo Gulizia
- Cardiology Division, Ospedale Garibaldi-Nesima, Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale e Alta Specializzazione “Garibaldi”, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Sandro Gelsomino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
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35
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Lyon AR, López-Fernández T, Couch LS, Asteggiano R, Aznar MC, Bergler-Klein J, Boriani G, Cardinale D, Cordoba R, Cosyns B, Cutter DJ, de Azambuja E, de Boer RA, Dent SF, Farmakis D, Gevaert SA, Gorog DA, Herrmann J, Lenihan D, Moslehi J, Moura B, Salinger SS, Stephens R, Suter TM, Szmit S, Tamargo J, Thavendiranathan P, Tocchetti CG, van der Meer P, van der Pal HJH. 2022 ESC Guidelines on cardio-oncology developed in collaboration with the European Hematology Association (EHA), the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ESTRO) and the International Cardio-Oncology Society (IC-OS). Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2022; 23:e333-e465. [PMID: 36017575 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeac106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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36
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Madnick DL, Fradley MG. Atrial Fibrillation and Cancer Patients: Mechanisms and Management. Curr Cardiol Rep 2022; 24:1517-1527. [PMID: 35976601 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-022-01769-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cancer-related mortality has significantly declined over the past several decades as a result of improved screening, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Although cancer patients and survivors are living longer, there is increased risk of both short-term and long-term cardiovascular complications, including arrhythmia. In this review, we highlight the current evidence detailing the connections between atrial fibrillation and cancer, provide insight into the mechanisms driving this relationship, and share practical considerations for the management of atrial fibrillation in cancer patients and cancer survivors. RECENT FINDINGS Atrial fibrillation is an increasingly recognized condition among cancer patients, with epidemiological data showing increased incidence and worse outcomes in patients with cancer. Studies also describe a bidirectional relationship between cancer and atrial fibrillation, attributable in part to shared risk factors but also potentially due to shared biology. Cancer treatment-associated arrhythmia is an active area of investigation, with ongoing research to identify the mechanisms and pathophysiology behind this phenomenon. Furthermore, management of atrial fibrillation in patients with cancer presents unique challenges, particularly in management of anti-coagulation. Cancer patients have increased risk of developing atrial fibrillation due to the shared risk factors and biology of the two conditions. Moreover, various cancer therapeutics are known to be arrhythmogenic; however, mechanisms remain unclear. Further research is needed to better understand the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation in cancer patient in order to establish prevention and treatment strategies specific to this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Madnick
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael G Fradley
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Barbarawi M, Barbarawi O, Corcoran J, Obeidat K, Al-Abdouh A, Mhanna M, Al Kasasbeh M, Pickett CC. Efficacy and Safety of the Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulant Among patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and Cancer: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. Curr Probl Cardiol 2022; 47:101346. [PMID: 35932849 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with cancer are at higher risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). Currently there are no definitive data on clinical outcomes for nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOACs) and warfarin in cancer patients with AF. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of NOACs compared with warfarin. METHODS A search through Pubmed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane library was done from the databases inception to March 2022. Studies that compared NOACs to warfarin in the setting of AF and cancer were included. The primary outcomes were the incidence of major bleeding and ischemic stroke/systemic embolism (SE). Secondary outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), intracranial bleeding, and Major gastrointestinal bleeding. Risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to report the outcomes. RESULTS A total of 11 studies were included. We found that NOACs were associated with a lower incidence of major bleeding and combined ischemic stroke/SE in patients with AF and cancer compared with warfarin (RR 0.57; 95% CI 0.44-0.75, P < 0.0001 and RR 0.59; 95% CI 0.47-0.75, P < 0.0001, respectively). Also, there was lower incidence of Intracranial and major gastrointestinal bleeding in patients who received NOACs compared with warfarin (P < 0.0001). Network analyses revealed that apixaban and dabigatran were associated with reduction of major bleeding compared with warfarin. CONCLUSIONS Among patients who diagnosed with AF and cancer, NOACs were associated with lower incidence of major bleeding ischemic stroke/SE compared with warfarin. Furthermore, NOACs were associated with lower gastrointestinal and intracranial bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Barbarawi
- Department of cardiology, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - Owais Barbarawi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Islamic Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Jason Corcoran
- Department of Medicine, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, Alabama, USA
| | - Khaldun Obeidat
- Departments of Medicine, Cook County Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ahmad Al-Abdouh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Mahammed Mhanna
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Mariam Al Kasasbeh
- Department of Health Administration, Western Connecticut State University, CT, USA
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Tayag JCS, Ishii T, Kokuba S, Hirata T, Shiohira H, Nakamura K. Changes in Pharmacodynamic Parameters during Co-administration of 5-FU with Warfarin: A Retrospective Case Series. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1101-1105. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Carlos S. Tayag
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus
| | - Takeo Ishii
- Department of Pharmacy, University of the Ryukyus Hospital
| | - Shun Kokuba
- Department of Pharmacy, University of the Ryukyus Hospital
| | - Tetsuo Hirata
- Health Information Management Center, University of the Ryukyus Hospital
| | - Hideo Shiohira
- Department of Pharmacy, University of the Ryukyus Hospital
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Gonçalves-Teixeira P, Costa T, Fragoso I, Ferreira D, Brandão M, Leite-Moreira A, Sampaio F, Ribeiro J, Fontes-Carvalho R. Screening, Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation in Cancer Patients: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Arq Bras Cardiol 2022; 119:328-341. [PMID: 35946695 PMCID: PMC9363048 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20201362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia in the general population, carrying a high morbimortality burden, and this also holds true in cancer patients. The association between AF and cancer goes even further, with some studies suggesting that AF can be a marker of occult cancer. There is, however, a remarkable paucity of data concerning specific challenges of AF management in cancer patients. AF prompt recognition and management in this special population can lessen the arrhythmia-related morbidity and have an important prognostic benefit. This review will focus on current AF diagnosis and management challenges in cancer patients, with special emphasis on AF screening strategies and devices, and anticoagulation therapy with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anti-coagulants (NOACs) for thromboembolic prevention in these patients. Some insights concerning future perspectives for AF prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in this special population will also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Gonçalves-Teixeira
- Departamento de Cardiologia, Vila Nova de Gaia Hospital Center, Gaia - Portugal.,Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto - Portugal.,Clínica Cardio-Oncológica, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Gaia - Portugal
| | - Telma Costa
- Clínica Cardio-Oncológica, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Gaia - Portugal.,Departamento de Oncologia, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Gaia - Portugal
| | - Isabel Fragoso
- Unidade de Atenção Primária à Saúde Aracetti, Arazede - Portugal
| | - Diogo Ferreira
- Departamento de Cardiologia, Vila Nova de Gaia Hospital Center, Gaia - Portugal.,Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto - Portugal
| | - Mariana Brandão
- Departamento de Cardiologia, Vila Nova de Gaia Hospital Center, Gaia - Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto - Portugal.,Departamento de Cirurgia Cardiotorácica, Hospital Universitário São João, Porto - Portugal.,Unidade de Pesquisa Cardiovascular (UnIC), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto - Portugal
| | - Francisco Sampaio
- Departamento de Cardiologia, Vila Nova de Gaia Hospital Center, Gaia - Portugal.,Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto - Portugal
| | - José Ribeiro
- Departamento de Cardiologia, Vila Nova de Gaia Hospital Center, Gaia - Portugal.,Clínica Cardio-Oncológica, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Gaia - Portugal
| | - Ricardo Fontes-Carvalho
- Departamento de Cardiologia, Vila Nova de Gaia Hospital Center, Gaia - Portugal.,Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto - Portugal
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Garibaldi S, Chianca M, Fabiani I, Emdin M, Piacenti M, Passino C, Aimo A, Fedele A, Cipolla CM, Cardinale DM. Treatment Options in AF Patients with Cancer; Focus on Catheter Ablation. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154452. [PMID: 35956068 PMCID: PMC9369260 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Longer life expectancy along with advancements in cancer and atrial fibrillation (AF) therapies and treatment strategies have led to an increase in the number of individuals with both diseases. As a result, the complicated management of these patients has become crucial, necessitating individualised treatment that considers the bi-directional relationship between these two diseases. On the one hand, giving appropriate pharmaceutical therapy is exceptionally difficult, considering the recognised thromboembolic risk posed by AF and malignancy, as well as the haemorrhagic risk posed by cancer. The alternative pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) ablation, on the other hand, has been inadequately explored in the cancer patient population; there is yet inadequate data to allow the clinician to unambiguously select patients that can undertake this therapeutic intervention. The goal of this review is to compile the most valuable data and supporting evidence about the characteristics, care, and therapy of cancer patients with AF. Specifically, we will evaluate the pharmaceutical options for a proper anticoagulant therapy, as well as the feasibility and safety of PVI in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Garibaldi
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (S.G.); (M.E.); (M.P.); (C.P.)
| | - Michela Chianca
- Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (M.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Iacopo Fabiani
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (S.G.); (M.E.); (M.P.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Michele Emdin
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (S.G.); (M.E.); (M.P.); (C.P.)
- Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (M.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Marcello Piacenti
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (S.G.); (M.E.); (M.P.); (C.P.)
| | - Claudio Passino
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (S.G.); (M.E.); (M.P.); (C.P.)
- Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (M.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Alberto Aimo
- Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (M.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Antonella Fedele
- Cardioncology Unit, Cardioncology and Second Opinion Division, European Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, 20141 Milan, Italy; (A.F.); (C.M.C.); (D.M.C.)
| | - Carlo Maria Cipolla
- Cardioncology Unit, Cardioncology and Second Opinion Division, European Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, 20141 Milan, Italy; (A.F.); (C.M.C.); (D.M.C.)
| | - Daniela Maria Cardinale
- Cardioncology Unit, Cardioncology and Second Opinion Division, European Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, 20141 Milan, Italy; (A.F.); (C.M.C.); (D.M.C.)
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41
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Gorog DA, Gue YX, Chao TF, Fauchier L, Ferreiro JL, Huber K, Konstantinidis SV, Lane DA, Marin F, Oldgren J, Potpara T, Roldan V, Rubboli A, Sibbing D, Tse HF, Vilahur G, Lip GYH. Assessment and Mitigation of Bleeding Risk in Atrial Fibrillation and Venous Thromboembolism: Executive Summary of a European and Asia-Pacific Expert Consensus Paper. Thromb Haemost 2022; 122:1625-1652. [PMID: 35793691 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1750385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
While there is a clear clinical benefit of oral anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) in reducing the risks of thromboembolism, major bleeding events (especially intracranial bleeds) may still occur and be devastating. The decision for initiating and continuing anticoagulation is often based on a careful assessment of both thromboembolism and bleeding risk. The more common and validated bleeding risk factors have been used to formulate bleeding risk stratification scores, but thromboembolism and bleeding risk factors often overlap. Also, many factors that increase bleeding risk are transient and modifiable, such as variable international normalized ratio values, surgical procedures, vascular procedures, or drug-drug and food-drug interactions. Bleeding risk is also not a static "one-off" assessment based on baseline factors but is dynamic, being influenced by aging, incident comorbidities, and drug therapies. In this executive summary of a European and Asia-Pacific Expert Consensus Paper, we comprehensively review the published evidence and propose a consensus on bleeding risk assessments in patients with AF and VTE, with a view to summarizing "best practice" when approaching antithrombotic therapy in these patients. We address the epidemiology and size of the problem of bleeding risk in AF and VTE, and review established bleeding risk factors and summarize definitions of bleeding. Patient values and preferences, balancing the risk of bleeding against thromboembolism, are reviewed, and the prognostic implications of bleeding are discussed. We propose consensus statements that may help to define evidence gaps and assist in everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A Gorog
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, Postgraduate Medical School, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ying X Gue
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Tze-Fan Chao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Jose Luis Ferreiro
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge and Ciber Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,BIOHEART-Cardiovascular Diseases Group, Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Systemic Diseases and Cellular Aging Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Kurt Huber
- 3rd Department of Medicine, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital and Sigmund Freud University, Medical Faculty, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stavros V Konstantinidis
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Deirdre A Lane
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Francisco Marin
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), CIBERCV, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jonas Oldgren
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center and Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Vanessa Roldan
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Andrea Rubboli
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases - AUSL Romagna, Division of Cardiology, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Dirk Sibbing
- Department of Cardiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERCV Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Yu LY, Liu YW, Chou TY, Liu YC, Su PF, Liu PY. Oral Anticoagulants in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Active Cancer. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2022; 23:242. [PMID: 39076927 PMCID: PMC11266767 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2307242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of heart failure, death and thromboembolism. AF is prevalent in patients with cancer. Although current guidelines suggest the application of oral anticoagulants (OACs) for thromboembolic event prevention in high-risk AF patients, owing to the high thromboembolic and bleeding risks of active-cancer patients, there is no consensus on the use of OACs in such a population. Therefore, we conducted this retrospective cohort study to investigate the applicability of the CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score and to evaluate the efficacy and safety outcomes of OAC therapy in active-cancer patients with AF. Methods This retrospective cohort study enrolled patients diagnosed with cancer at National Cheng Kung University Hospital between November 2012 and August 2019. The primary outcomes included all-cause mortality, thromboembolic events (stroke/transient ischemic attack and systemic emboli), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), hospitalization for HF and major bleeding events. Results We enrolled 2429 patients with active cancer. Among these patients, 1060 patients (43.6%) had AF. After 1:2 propensity score matching, 690 cancer patients with AF were enrolled for the final analysis, grouped as follows: 225 patients taking OACs and 465 patients without OAC treatment. The OAC-treated group had lower all-cause mortality than the patients without OAC treatment (all-cause mortality rate in OAC treatment vs. non-OAC treatment: 24.4% vs. 37.4%, hazard ratio 0.58 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.43-0.78], p < 0.001). However, there was no difference in thromboembolic events, myocardial infarction or heart failure hospitalization between the OAC-treated and non-OAC-treated groups. Importantly, the risk of major bleeding composition (i.e., major gastrointestinal bleeding and intracranial hemorrhage) was similar between these two groups. Moreover, the CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score could not predict thromboembolic events in the enrolled active-cancer patients with AF (OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.98-1.56). Conclusions OAC treatment may significantly reduce the risk of death, without safety concerns, in active-cancer patients with AF. OAC treatment may not prevent thromboembolic events in patients with active cancer and AF. However, we found that OAC treatment is associated with improved prognosis without increasing the risks of major bleeding, despite several limitations in this study. Further studies are required to determine the optimal use of anticoagulation therapy in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ying Yu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 704 Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Wen Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 704 Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 704 Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Chou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 704 Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chia Liu
- The Center for Quantitative Sciences, Clinical Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, 704 Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Fang Su
- Department of Statistics, National Cheng Kung University, 701 Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yen Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 704 Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 704 Tainan, Taiwan
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Malavasi VL, Vitolo M, Proietti M, Diemberger I, Fauchier L, Marin F, Nabauer M, Potpara TS, Dan GA, Kalarus Z, Tavazzi L, Maggioni AP, Lane DA, Lip GYH, Boriani G. Impact of malignancy on outcomes in European patients with atrial fibrillation: A report from the ESC-EHRA EURObservational research programme in atrial fibrillation general long-term registry. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13773. [PMID: 35305020 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and malignancy is challenging given the paucity of evidence supporting their appropriate clinical management. PURPOSE To evaluate the outcomes of patients with active or prior malignancy in a contemporary cohort of European AF patients. METHODS Patients enrolled in the EURObservational Research Programme in AF General Long-Term Registry were categorized into 3 categories: No Malignancy (NoMal), Prior Malignancy (PriorMal) and Active Malignancy (ActiveMal). The primary outcomes were all-cause death and the composite outcome MACE. RESULTS A total of 10 383 patients were analysed. Of these, 9597 (92.4%) were NoMal patients, 577 (5.6%) PriorMal and 209 (2%) ActiveMal. Lack of any antithrombotic treatment was more prevalent in ActiveMal patients (12.4%) as compared to other groups (5.0% vs 6.3% for PriorMal and NoMal, p < .001). After a median follow-up of 730 days, there were 982 (9.5%) deaths and 950 (9.7%) MACE events. ActiveMal was independently associated with a higher risk for all-cause death (HR 2.90, 95% CI 2.23-3.76) and MACE (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.03-2.31), as well as any haemorrhagic events and major bleeding (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.49-3.91 and OR 4.18, 95% CI 2.49-7.01, respectively). Use of oral anticoagulants was not significantly associated with a higher risk for all-cause death or bleeding in ActiveMal patients. CONCLUSIONS In a large contemporary cohort of AF patients, active malignancy was independently associated with all-cause death, MACE and haemorrhagic events. Use of anticoagulants was not associated with a higher risk of all-cause death in patients with active malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo L Malavasi
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Vitolo
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy.,Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK.,Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Proietti
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Geriatric Unit, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Milan, Italy
| | - Igor Diemberger
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Cardiology, University of Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laurent Fauchier
- Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Trousseau, Tours, France
| | - Francisco Marin
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, CIBERCV, Murcia, Spain
| | - Michael Nabauer
- Department of Cardiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Tatjana S Potpara
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Intensive Arrhythmia Care, Cardiology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gheorghe-Andrei Dan
- 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine, Colentina University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Zbigniew Kalarus
- Department of Cardiology, SMDZ in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.,Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Luigi Tavazzi
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | | | - Deirdre A Lane
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Giuseppe Boriani
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
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Tinone G, Hoshino M, Lucato L, Comerlatti LR. Anticoagulation and Stroke. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2022; 80:72-79. [PMID: 35976322 PMCID: PMC9491440 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2022-s132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In 2019, the American Heart Association did not recommend the emergent use of anticoagulation to prevent recurrence or progression of acute ischemic stroke. However, its indication in patients with extracranial artery intraluminal thrombus with artery-to-artery cerebral embolization must be analyzed. In this article, we will also discuss other indications of anticoagulation. This treatment could be indicated in patients with ischemic stroke caused by embolization from cervical artery dissection, catastrophic antiphospholipid antibodies syndrome (APS) and some cases of Covid 19. For secondary prevention, anticoagulation is recommended for Cardioembolic stroke such as nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and other cardiopathies, some patients with cervical artery dissection, stroke associated with cancer, and thrombophilia such as APS. The timing to restart anticoagulation after a large ischemic stroke or after a cerebral hemorrhagic transformation always represent a challenge. Even in patients with high risk of thromboembolism it should be delayed at least two weeks, ideal after four weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Tinone
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Hoshino
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro Lucato
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Radiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Roberto Comerlatti
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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45
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Gencer B, Eisen A, Berger D, Nordio F, Murphy SA, Grip LT, Chen C, Lanz H, Ruff CT, Antman EM, Braunwald E, Giugliano RP. Edoxaban versus Warfarin in high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation: A comprehensive analysis of high-risk subgroups. Am Heart J 2022; 247:24-32. [PMID: 34990581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2021.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare the efficacy and safety of edoxaban vs warfarin in high-risk subgroups. METHODS ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 was a multicenter randomized, double-blind, controlled trial in 21,105 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) within 12 months and CHADS2 score >2 randomized to higher-dose edoxaban regimen (HDER) 60 mg/reduced 30 mg, lower-dose edoxaban regimen (LDER) 30 mg/reduced 15 mg, or warfarin, and followed for 2.8 years (median). The primary outcome for this analysis was the net clinical outcome (NCO), a composite of stroke/systemic embolism events, major bleeding, or death. Multivariable risk-stratification analysis was used to categorize patients by the number of high-risk features. RESULTS The annualized NCO rates in the warfarin arm were highest in patients with malignancy (19.2%), increased fall risk (14.0%), and very-low body weight (13.5%). The NCO rates increased with the numbers of high-risk factors in the warfarin arm: 4.5%, 7.2%, 9.9% and 14.6% in patients with 0 to 1, 2, 3, and >4 risk factors, respectively (Ptrend <0.001). Versus warfarin, HDER was associated with significant reductions of NCO in most of the subgroups: elderly, patients with moderate renal dysfunction, prior stroke/TIA, of Asian race, very-low body weight, concomitant single antiplatelet therapy, and VKA-naïve. With more high-risk features (0->4+), the absolute risk reductions favoring edoxaban over warfarin increased: 0.3%->2.0% for HDER; 0.4%->3.4% for LDER vs warfarin (P = .065 and P < .001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS While underuse of anticoagulation in high-risk patients with AF remains common, substitution of effective and safer alternatives to warfarin, such as edoxaban, represents an opportunity to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Gencer
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Cardiology Division, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alon Eisen
- Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Berger
- Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Francesco Nordio
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sabina A Murphy
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Laura T Grip
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Hans Lanz
- Daiichi Sankyo Europe GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian T Ruff
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Elliott M Antman
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eugene Braunwald
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Robert P Giugliano
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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46
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Khan AM, Chiasakul T, Redd R, Patell R, McCarthy EP, Neuberg D, Zwicker JI. Survival outcomes with warfarin compared with direct oral anticoagulants in cancer-associated venous thromboembolism in the United States: A population-based cohort study. PLoS Med 2022; 19:e1004012. [PMID: 35613184 PMCID: PMC9182592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have comparable efficacy with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for the treatment of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE). Whether there is a mortality benefit of DOACs compared with warfarin in the management of VTE in cancer is not established. METHODS AND FINDINGS Utilizing the United States' Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked databases from 2012 through 2016, we analyzed overall survival in individuals diagnosed with a primary gastric, colorectal, pancreas, lung, ovarian, or brain cancer and VTE who received a prescription of DOAC or warfarin within 30 days of VTE diagnosis. Patients were matched 1:2 (DOAC to warfarin) through exact matching for cancer stage and propensity score matching for age, cancer site, cancer stage, and time interval from cancer to VTE diagnosis. The analysis identified 4,274 patients who received a DOAC or warfarin for the treatment of VTE within 30 days of cancer diagnosis (1,348 in DOAC group and 2,926 in warfarin group). Patients were of median age 75 years and 56% female. Within the DOAC group, 1,188 (88%) received rivaroxaban, and 160 (12%) received apixaban. With a median follow-up of 41 months, warfarin was associated with a statistically significantly higher overall survival compared to DOACs (median overall survival 12.0 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 10.9 to 13.5] versus 9.9 months [95% CI: 8.4 to 11.2]; hazard ratio (HR) 0.85; 95% CI: 0.78 to 0.91; p < 0.001). Observed differences in survival were consistent across subgroups of cancer sites, cancer stages, and type of VTE. The study limitations include retrospective design with potential for unaccounted confounders along with issues of generalizability beyond the cancer diagnoses studied. CONCLUSIONS In this analysis of a population-based registry, warfarin was associated with prolonged overall survival compared to DOACs for treatment of cancer-associated VTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel M. Khan
- Division of Hematology and Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Thita Chiasakul
- Division of Hematology and Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Robert Redd
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rushad Patell
- Division of Hematology and Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ellen P. McCarthy
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Divisions of Gerontology and General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Donna Neuberg
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey I. Zwicker
- Division of Hematology and Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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47
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Ardeshirrouhanifard S, An H, Goyal RK, Raji MA, Segal JB, Alexander GC, Mehta HB. Use of oral anticoagulants among individuals with cancer and atrial fibrillation in the United States, 2010-2016. Pharmacotherapy 2022; 42:375-386. [PMID: 35364622 PMCID: PMC9302858 DOI: 10.1002/phar.2679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Anticoagulation among patients with cancer and atrial fibrillation is challenging due to elevated risk of bleeding and stroke. We characterized use of oral anticoagulants among patients with cancer and non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Methods We used Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare data and included patients with cancer aged ≥66 years with an incident diagnosis of NVAF from 2010 to 2016. We used a Cox proportional hazard model and multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with anticoagulant use versus no use and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) versus warfarin use, respectively. Results Of 27,702 patients with cancer and NVAF, 4469 (16.1%) used DOACs and 3577 (12.9%) used warfarin. Among 8046 anticoagulant users, DOACs use increased from 21.8% in 2011 to 76.2% in 2016, with a corresponding decline in warfarin use from 78.2% to 23.8%. Nearly 7 out of 10 patients with cancer and NVAF did not initiate anticoagulation in 2016. Anticoagulant use was more likely among those with higher CHA₂DS₂‐VASc scores (hazard ratio [HR] 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27–1.90 for score ≥6 vs. 1) or with lower HAS‐BLED scores (HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.67–2.30 for score 1 vs. ≥6). Among anticoagulant users, DOAC use was less likely than warfarin in those with higher CHA₂DS₂‐VASc scores (odds ratio [OR] 0.53, 95% CI 0.33–0.84 for score ≥6 vs. 1). Conclusions Nearly 7 out of 10 patients with cancer and NVAF did not receive anticoagulation. Use of DOACs increased from 2010 to 2016, with a corresponding decline in warfarin use. DOACs are used less than warfarin among those at higher risk of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Ardeshirrouhanifard
- Center for Drug Safety and Effectiveness, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Huijun An
- Center for Drug Safety and Effectiveness, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ravi K Goyal
- College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,RTI Health Solutions, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mukaila A Raji
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Jodi B Segal
- Center for Drug Safety and Effectiveness, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - G Caleb Alexander
- Center for Drug Safety and Effectiveness, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hemalkumar B Mehta
- Center for Drug Safety and Effectiveness, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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48
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Cancer patients with acute coronary syndrome have non-superior bleeding risk compared to patients with similar characteristics – a propensity score analysis from the ProACS registry. Rev Port Cardiol 2022; 41:573-582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Gorog DA, Gue YX, Chao TF, Fauchier L, Ferreiro JL, Huber K, Konstantinidis SV, Lane DA, Marin F, Oldgren J, Potpara T, Roldan V, Rubboli A, Sibbing D, Tse HF, Vilahur G, Lip GYH. Assessment and mitigation of bleeding risk in atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism: A Position Paper from the ESC Working Group on Thrombosis, in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association, the Association for Acute CardioVascular Care and the Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society. Europace 2022; 24:1844-1871. [PMID: 35323922 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Whilst there is a clear clinical benefit of oral anticoagulation (OAC) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) in reducing the risks of thromboembolism, major bleeding events (especially intracranial bleeds) may still occur and be devastating. The decision to initiate and continue anticoagulation is often based on a careful assessment of both the thromboembolism and bleeding risk. The more common and validated bleeding risk factors have been used to formulate bleeding risk stratification scores, but thromboembolism and bleeding risk factors often overlap. Also, many factors that increase bleeding risk are transient and modifiable, such as variable international normalized ratio values, surgical procedures, vascular procedures, or drug-drug and food-drug interactions. Bleeding risk is also not a static 'one off' assessment based on baseline factors but is dynamic, being influenced by ageing, incident comorbidities, and drug therapies. In this Consensus Document, we comprehensively review the published evidence and propose a consensus on bleeding risk assessments in patients with AF and VTE, with the view to summarizing 'best practice' when approaching antithrombotic therapy in these patients. We address the epidemiology and size of the problem of bleeding risk in AF and VTE, review established bleeding risk factors, and summarize definitions of bleeding. Patient values and preferences, balancing the risk of bleeding against thromboembolism are reviewed, and the prognostic implications of bleeding are discussed. We propose consensus statements that may help to define evidence gaps and assist in everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A Gorog
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, Postgraduate Medical School, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Ying X Gue
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tze-Fan Chao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Jose Luis Ferreiro
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Ciber Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,BIOHEART-Cardiovascular Diseases Group, Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Systemic Diseases and Cellular Aging Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kurt Huber
- 3rd Department of Medicine, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital and Sigmund Freud University, Medical Faculty, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stavros V Konstantinidis
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Deirdre A Lane
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK.,Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Francisco Marin
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), CIBERCV, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jonas Oldgren
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Vanessa Roldan
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, España
| | - Andrea Rubboli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases-AUSL Romagna, SMaria delle Croci Hospital, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Dirk Sibbing
- Department of Cardiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERCV Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK.,Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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50
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Incidence and Predictors of Bleeding in Patients With Cancer and Atrial Fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 2022; 167:139-146. [PMID: 35027138 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2021.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite patients with cancer having a higher incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF), little is known about the predictors of outcomes in this population. This study aimed to assess the incidence and predictors of bleeding in patients with AF and cancer. The study population comprised 16,056 patients from a Spanish health area diagnosed with AF between 2014 and 2018 (1,137 with cancer). Competing risk analysis were used to evaluate the association of cancer and bleeding. Discrimination and calibration of bleeding risk scores were assessed by the concordance statistic and the Brier score, respectively. During a median follow-up of 4.9 years, the incidence of bleeding in patients with cancer was 13.2 per 100 patients/year. After multivariate adjustment, a significant association between cancer and bleeding was detected (subdistribution hazard ratio [sHR] 1.18, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.30, p = 0.001), specifically in patients with active cancer or previous radiotherapy. Early age, male gender, diabetes, and anticoagulation were independent predictors of bleeding. However, only anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonist (sHR 1.36, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.78, p = 0.026), not with direct oral anticoagulants (sHR 1.25, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.85, p = 0.270), was associated with bleeding. Discrimination and calibration of Hypertension, Abnormal renal/liver function, Stroke, Bleeding history or predisposition, Labile INR, Elderly, and Drugs/alcohol concomitantly (HAS-BLED), AnTicoagulation and Risk factors In Atrial fibrillation (ATRIA), and Hepatic or renal disease, Ethanol abuse, Malignancy, Older (age ≥75 years), Reduced platelet count or function, Rebleeding risk, Hypertension, Anaemia, Genetic factors, Excessive fall risk and Stroke (HEMORR2HAGES) scores were poor in patients with cancer (concordance statistic <0.6 and Brier score >0.1). In summary, cancer was associated with an increased risk of bleeding in patients with AF. The predictive ability of bleeding risk scores was poor in this population. Anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonist but not with direct oral anticoagulants, was an independent predictor of bleeding in patients with cancer.
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