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Kim DY, Park TH, Cho YJ, Park JM, Lee K, Lee M, Lee J, Bae SY, Hong DY, Jung H, Ko E, Guk HS, Kim BJ, Kim JY, Kang J, Han MK, Park SS, Hong KS, Park HK, Lee JY, Lee BC, Yu KH, Oh MS, Kim DE, Gwak DS, Lee SJ, Kim JG, Lee J, Kwon DH, Cha JK, Kim DH, Kim JT, Choi KH, Kim H, Choi JC, Kim JG, Kang CH, Sohn SI, Hong JH, Park H, Lee SH, Kim C, Shin DI, Yum KS, Kang K, Park KY, Jeong HB, Park CY, Lee KJ, Kwon JH, Kim WJ, Lee JS, Bae HJ. Contemporary Statistics of Acute Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack in 2021: Insights From the CRCS-K-NIH Registry. J Korean Med Sci 2024; 39:e278. [PMID: 39228188 PMCID: PMC11372415 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This report presents the latest statistics on the stroke population in South Korea, sourced from the Clinical Research Collaborations for Stroke in Korea-National Institute for Health (CRCS-K-NIH), a comprehensive, nationwide, multicenter stroke registry. The Korean cohort, unlike western populations, shows a male-to-female ratio of 1.5, attributed to lower risk factors in Korean women. The average ages for men and women are 67 and 73 years, respectively. Hypertension is the most common risk factor (67%), consistent with global trends, but there is a higher prevalence of diabetes (35%) and smoking (21%). The prevalence of atrial fibrillation (19%) is lower than in western populations, suggesting effective prevention strategies in the general population. A high incidence of large artery atherosclerosis (38%) is observed, likely due to prevalent intracranial arterial disease in East Asians and advanced imaging techniques. There has been a decrease in intravenous thrombolysis rates, from 12% in 2017-2019 to 10% in 2021, with no improvements in door-to-needle and door-to-puncture times, worsened by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. While the use of aspirin plus clopidogrel for non-cardioembolic stroke and direct oral anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation is well-established, the application of direct oral anticoagulants for non-atrial fibrillation cardioembolic strokes in the acute phase requires further research. The incidence of early neurological deterioration (13%) and the cumulative incidence of recurrent stroke at 3 months (3%) align with global figures. Favorable outcomes at 3 months (63%) are comparable internationally, yet the lack of improvement in dependency at 3 months highlights the need for advancements in acute stroke care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Yeon Kim
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Tai Hwan Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Kyungbok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minwoo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Bae
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Da Young Hong
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hannah Jung
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunvin Ko
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Seok Guk
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jun Yup Kim
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jihoon Kang
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Moon-Ku Han
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sang-Soon Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hong-Kyun Park
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jeong-Yoon Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Mi Sun Oh
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Gwak
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University, School of Medicine, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae Guk Kim
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University, School of Medicine, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Doo Hyuk Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Cha
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kang-Ho Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jay Chol Choi
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Joong-Goo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Chul-Hoo Kang
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Sung-Il Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyungjong Park
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang-Hwa Lee
- Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Chulho Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Dong-Ick Shin
- Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kyu Sun Yum
- Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kyusik Kang
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang-Yeol Park
- Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-Bong Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan-Young Park
- Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keon-Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Wook-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- Clinical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
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Reeves MJ, Fonarow GC, Smith EE, Sheth KN, Messe SR, Schwamm LH. Twenty Years of Get With The Guidelines-Stroke: Celebrating Past Successes, Lessons Learned, and Future Challenges. Stroke 2024; 55:1689-1698. [PMID: 38738376 PMCID: PMC11208062 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.124.046527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The Get With The Guidelines-Stroke program which, began 20 years ago, is one of the largest and most important nationally representative disease registries in the United States. Its importance to the stroke community can be gauged by its sustained growth and widespread dissemination of findings that demonstrate sustained increases in both the quality of care and patient outcomes over time. The objectives of this narrative review are to provide a brief history of Get With The Guidelines-Stroke, summarize its major successes and impact, and highlight lessons learned. Looking to the next 20 years, we discuss potential challenges and opportunities for the program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew J. Reeves
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing (M.J.R.)
| | - Gregg C. Fonarow
- Division of Cardiology, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (G.C.F.)
| | - Eric E. Smith
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (E.E.S.)
| | - Kevin N. Sheth
- Center for Brain & Mind Health, Departments of Neurology & Neurosurgery (K.N.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Steven R. Messe
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.R.M.)
| | - Lee H. Schwamm
- Department of Neurology and Bioinformatics and Data Sciences (L.H.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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3
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Li G, Lin Y, Yang J, Anderson CS, Chen C, Liu F, Billot L, Li Q, Chen X, Liu X, Ren X, Zhang C, Xu P, Wu L, Wang F, Qiu D, Jiang M, Peng Y, Li C, Huang Y, Zhao X, Liang J, Wang Y, Wu X, Xu X, Chen G, Huang D, Zhang Y, Zuo L, Ma G, Yang Y, Hao J, Xu X, Xiong X, Tang Y, Guo Y, Yu J, Li S, He S, Mao F, Tan Q, Tan S, Yu N, Xu R, Sun M, Li B, Guo J, Liu L, Liu H, Ouyang M, Si L, Arima H, Bath PM, Ford GA, Robinson T, Sandset EC, Saver JL, Sprigg N, van der Worp HB, Song L. Intensive Ambulance-Delivered Blood-Pressure Reduction in Hyperacute Stroke. N Engl J Med 2024; 390:1862-1872. [PMID: 38752650 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2314741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of acute stroke, before a distinction can be made between ischemic and hemorrhagic types, is challenging. Whether very early blood-pressure control in the ambulance improves outcomes among patients with undifferentiated acute stroke is uncertain. METHODS We randomly assigned patients with suspected acute stroke that caused a motor deficit and with elevated systolic blood pressure (≥150 mm Hg), who were assessed in the ambulance within 2 hours after the onset of symptoms, to receive immediate treatment to lower the systolic blood pressure (target range, 130 to 140 mm Hg) (intervention group) or usual blood-pressure management (usual-care group). The primary efficacy outcome was functional status as assessed by the score on the modified Rankin scale (range, 0 [no symptoms] to 6 [death]) at 90 days after randomization. The primary safety outcome was any serious adverse event. RESULTS A total of 2404 patients (mean age, 70 years) in China underwent randomization and provided consent for the trial: 1205 in the intervention group and 1199 in the usual-care group. The median time between symptom onset and randomization was 61 minutes (interquartile range, 41 to 93), and the mean blood pressure at randomization was 178/98 mm Hg. Stroke was subsequently confirmed by imaging in 2240 patients, of whom 1041 (46.5%) had a hemorrhagic stroke. At the time of patients' arrival at the hospital, the mean systolic blood pressure in the intervention group was 159 mm Hg, as compared with 170 mm Hg in the usual-care group. Overall, there was no difference in functional outcome between the two groups (common odds ratio, 1.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87 to 1.15), and the incidence of serious adverse events was similar in the two groups. Prehospital reduction of blood pressure was associated with a decrease in the odds of a poor functional outcome among patients with hemorrhagic stroke (common odds ratio, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.92) but an increase among patients with cerebral ischemia (common odds ratio, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.60). CONCLUSIONS In this trial, prehospital blood-pressure reduction did not improve functional outcomes in a cohort of patients with undifferentiated acute stroke, of whom 46.5% subsequently received a diagnosis of hemorrhagic stroke. (Funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia and others; INTERACT4 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03790800; Chinese Trial Registry number, ChiCTR1900020534.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Yapeng Lin
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Jie Yang
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Craig S Anderson
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Chen Chen
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Feifeng Liu
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Laurent Billot
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Qiang Li
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Xiaoqiu Liu
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Xinwen Ren
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Chunfang Zhang
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Ping Xu
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Lijun Wu
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Feng Wang
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Daijun Qiu
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Mei Jiang
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Yiqian Peng
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Chaohui Li
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Yiyang Huang
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Jiye Liang
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Yao Wang
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Xiangjun Wu
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Guofang Chen
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Dongya Huang
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Yue Zhang
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Lian Zuo
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Guozhao Ma
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Yumei Yang
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Junjie Hao
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Xiahong Xu
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Xinli Xiong
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Yueyu Tang
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Yijia Guo
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Jianping Yu
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Shuping Li
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Song He
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Fengkai Mao
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Quandan Tan
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Song Tan
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Nengwei Yu
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Ruxiang Xu
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Mingwei Sun
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Binghu Li
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Jiang Guo
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Leibo Liu
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Hueiming Liu
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Menglu Ouyang
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Lei Si
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Hisatomi Arima
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Philip M Bath
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Gary A Ford
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Thompson Robinson
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Else Charlotte Sandset
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Jeffrey L Saver
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Nikola Sprigg
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - H Bart van der Worp
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
| | - Lili Song
- From the Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University (G.L., C.C., F.L., D.H., Y.Z., L.Z., G.M., Y.Y., J.H., Xiahong Xu, X. Xiong, Y.T.), the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University (C.S.A., L. Song), Shanghai Pudong New District Medical Emergency Center (C.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (F.W.), the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New District People's Hospital (X.Z.), the Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area (M.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital (Xiaoyun Xu), Shanghai, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Y.L., Y.G., J. Yu, S.L., S.H., F.M., Q.T.), the International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College (Y.L.), the Department of Neurology (J. Yang, S.T., N.Y., B.L., J.G.), the Institute of Neurology (J. Yang), Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study (J. Yang, S.T.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (R.X.) and Emergency Medicine (M.S.), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University (Y.H.), Chengdu, the George Institute for Global Health China, Beijing (C.S.A., C.C., X.R., M.O., L. Song), Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong (P.X.), Fushun County People's Hospital, Fushun (L.W.), Kaijiang County People's Hospital, Kaijiang (D.Q.), QianWei County People's Hospital, Leshan (Y.P.), Dazhu People's Hospital, Dazhu (C.L.), the Department of Neurology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng (J.L.), the Department of Neurology, Sixian People's Hospital, Suzhou (Y.W.), Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan (X.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou (G.C.) - all in China; the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (C.S.A., C.C., L.B., Q.L., X.C., X.L., X.R., L.L., H.L., M.O., L. Song), the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (C.S.A.), Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, University of Sydney (H.L.), Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District (H.L.), and the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University (L. Si) - all in Sydney; the Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.); the Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (P.M.B.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford (G.A.F., N.S.), and the University of Leicester, Leicester (T.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, and the Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation - both in Oslo (E.C.S.); the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.L.S.); and the Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (H.B.W.)
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Liao Y, Qi W, Li S, Shi X, Wu X, Chi F, Xia R, Qin L, Cao L, Ren L. Analysis of onset-to-door time and its influencing factors in Chinese patients with acute ischemic stroke during the 2020 COVID-19 epidemic: a preliminary, prospective, multicenter study. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:615. [PMID: 38730381 PMCID: PMC11084012 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-11088-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-hospital delay in China is a serious issue with unclear relevant reasons, seriously impeding the adoption of appropriate measures. Herein, we analyzed the onset-to-door time (ODT) in Chinese patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and its influencing factors. METHODS We prospectively recruited 3,459 patients with AIS from nine representative tertiary general hospitals in China between January and June 2022. Patients were divided into ODT ≤ 3 h and ODT > 3 h groups. Following single-factor analysis, binary logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the risk factors leading to pre-hospital delay. RESULTS In total, 763 (21.83%) patients arrived at the hospital within 3 h of onset. After adjusting for confounding factors, the risk factors for ODT were residence in rural areas (odds ratio [OR]: 1.478, 95% credibility interval [CI]: 1.024-2.146) and hospital transfer (OR: 7.479, 95% CI: 2.548-32.337). The protective factors for ODT were location of onset ≤ 20 km from the first-visit hospital (OR: 0.355, 95% CI: 0.236-0.530), transportation by emergency medical services (OR: 0.346, 95% CI: 0.216-0.555), history of atrial fibrillation (OR: 0.375, 95% CI: 0.207-0.679), moderate stroke (OR: 0.644, 95% CI: 0.462-0.901), and severe stroke (OR: 0.506, 95% CI: 0.285-0.908). CONCLUSIONS Most patients with AIS fail to reach a hospital within the critical 3-h window. The following measures are recommended to reduce pre-hospital delays: reasonable distribution of hospitals accessible to nearby residents, minimizing interhospital transfer, paying attention to patients with mild stroke, and encouraging patients to use ambulance services. Pre-hospital delays for patients can be reduced by implementing these measures, ultimately improving the timeliness of treatment and enhancing patient prognosis. This study was carried out amid the COVID-19 pandemic, which presented challenges and constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Liao
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenwei Qi
- National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuting Li
- School of Statistics, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai, China
| | - Xin Shi
- School of Statistics, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai, China
- School of Health Management, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, 3002 Sungang West Road, Futian District, Shenzhen City, 518000, China
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Chi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, 3002 Sungang West Road, Futian District, Shenzhen City, 518000, China
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Runyu Xia
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Limin Qin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, 3002 Sungang West Road, Futian District, Shenzhen City, 518000, China
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liming Cao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, 3002 Sungang West Road, Futian District, Shenzhen City, 518000, China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China.
| | - Lijie Ren
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, 3002 Sungang West Road, Futian District, Shenzhen City, 518000, China
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Bhutta ZA, Akhtar N, Pathan SA, Castren M, Harris T, Ganesan GS, Kamran S, Thomas SH, Cameron PA, Azad AM, Puolakka T. Epidemiological profile of stroke in Qatar: Insights from a seven-year observational study. J Clin Neurosci 2024; 123:30-35. [PMID: 38520927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2024.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stroke prevalence is progressively increasing in developing countries due to increased vascular risk factors. This study aims to describe the epidemiology, prevalent risk factors, and outcomes of stroke in a multi-ethnic society of Qatar. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients with suspected stroke admitted to stroke services between January 2014 and September 2020. RESULTS A total of 11,892 patients were admitted during this period with suspected stroke. Of these, the diagnosis was ischemic stroke (48.8 %), transient ischemic attack (10.3 %), intracerebral hemorrhage (10.9 %), cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (1.3 %), and stroke mimics (28.6 %). The median age was 52 (43-62), with a male-female ratio of 3:1. The study population was predominantly Asian (56.8 %) and Arab (36 %). The majority of the patients were hypertensive (66.8 %), diabetic (47.9 %), and dyslipidemic (45.9 %). A history of prior stroke was observed in 11.7 %, while 0.9 % had prior transient ischemic attack. Among ischemic strokes, 31.7 % arrived within 4.5 h, 12.5 % received thrombolysis, and 4.6 % underwent thrombectomy. Median Door-to-Needle time was 51 (33-72) minutes. The average length of stay was 5.2 ± 9.0 days, with 71.5 % discharged home, 13.8 % transferred to rehabilitation, 9.3 % to other specialties, 3 % to long-term care, and 2.4 % suffered in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION Stroke in Qatar is characterized by a younger, expatriate-dominant cohort, with notable prevalence of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and a distinct risk factor profile. Further analysis of epidemiological differences among different population groups can inform targeted policies for prevention and management to reduce the burden of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain A Bhutta
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Department of Emergency Medicine and Services, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Naveed Akhtar
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Sameer A Pathan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Blizard Institute of Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, UK; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Maaret Castren
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Services, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Tim Harris
- Blizard Institute of Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
| | - Gowrii S Ganesan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Saadat Kamran
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Stephen H Thomas
- Blizard Institute of Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, UK; Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| | - Peter A Cameron
- The Alfred Hospital, Emergency and Trauma Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Aftab M Azad
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Tuukka Puolakka
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Services, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Yin Z, Deng Y, Li Z, Gu H, Zhou Q, Wang Y, Wang C. Assessment of rehabilitation following acute ischaemic stroke in China: a registry-based retrospective observational study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e082279. [PMID: 38553086 PMCID: PMC10982726 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to describe the frequency, determinants and outcomes for assessment of patients who had an acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) for rehabilitation during hospitalisation in China. DESIGN A registry-based retrospective observational study. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGS Data regarding assessment or rehabilitation were extracted from the Chinese Stroke Center Alliance database from 1 August 2015 to 31 July 2019. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify patient and hospital characteristics associated with rehabilitation assessment during acute hospitalisation as well as discharge outcomes. STUDY COHORT We included 837 897 patients who had a stroke in this study with patient characteristics, admission location, medical history, hospital characteristics and hospital designation. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Rehabilitation assessment and discharge outcomes. RESULTS Among 837 897 patients who had a stroke admitted to 1473 hospitals, 615 991 (73.5%) underwent rehabilitation assessment. There were significant variations in the rates of rehabilitation assessment across hospitals (IQR 61.3% vs 92.9%). According to multivariate analysis, guideline recommended care delivery was associated with a higher rehabilitation assessment rate, whereas high/low body mass index, ambulation (OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.87 to 0.90), history of stroke (OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.93 to 0.95), coronary heart disease (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.82 to 0.85) and atrial fibrillation (OR 0.91; 95% CI 0.89 to 0.94) were associated with a lower rate. Additionally, rehabilitation assessment during hospitalisation was significantly associated with lower in-hospital mortality (OR 0.38; 95% CI 0.35 to 0.41) and a higher probability of discharge to a rehabilitation centre (OR 2.66; 95% CI 2.5 to 2.82). CONCLUSIONS Nearly one-quarter of patients who had an AIS do not undergo documented rehabilitation assessment and compliance across hospitals varies. Thus, it is necessary to improve adherence to rehabilitation assessment to improve the quality of medical care for patients who had an AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhike Yin
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Zixiao Li
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongqiu Gu
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunjuan Wang
- Vascular Neurology Department of Neurology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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7
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Li Y, Ou Q, Lu Y, Shen Z, Li J, Zhang Z, Tai L, Li G, Chen H, Zhang G, Zhang L, Sun X, Qiu J, Wei Y, Zhu S, Wang Z, Sun W, Huang Y. Geographic differences in pharmacotherapy patterns and outcomes of acute ischemic stroke in China. BMC Neurol 2024; 24:64. [PMID: 38360588 PMCID: PMC10868026 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vast economic and healthcare status discrepancies exist among regions in China, contributing to different treatment patterns. This study was aimed to investigate the current status of pharmacotherapy for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and outcomes in China and explore the geographic variation in stroke care. METHODS This study was a multicenter prospective registry study, which collected the data of patients with AIS from 80 hospitals in 46 cities in 2015-2017 across China. Poor functional outcome defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 3-6 was assessed at 3 and 12 months. Multivariate logistic regression was used. RESULTS Among 9973 eligible patients, the number of receiving intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, statin and human urinary kallidinogenase was 429 (4.3%), 9363 (93.9%), 1063 (10.7%), 6828 (74.7%) and 5112 (51.2%), respectively. Multivariable analysis showed IVT use in northeastern was significantly more frequent than in eastern region (OR = 3.17, 95% CI, 2.53-3.99), while the antiplatelets agents use were less frequent (OR = 0.46, 95%CI: 0.38-0.57). The proportions of poor outcomes at 3 and 12 months were 20.7% and 15.8%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed AIS patients from northeastern and central region had significantly lower risk of poor outcome at month 3 and 12 than those from eastern region (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS There was a low IVT use and a high antiplatelet agent and statin use for AIS in China. The pharmacotherapy and prognosis of AIS had variation by geographic region. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02470624).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurovascular disease discovery, Beijing, China
| | - Qianhua Ou
- Department of medical affairs, Techpool Bio-Pharma Co., LTD, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Lu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurovascular disease discovery, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Shen
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurovascular disease discovery, Beijing, China
| | - Jieyu Li
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurovascular disease discovery, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurovascular disease discovery, Beijing, China
| | - Liwen Tai
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guozhong Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huisheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Guiru Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Penglai People's Hospital, Penglai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xuwen Sun
- Department of Neurology, Qindao University Medical College Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Jinhua Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Neurology, Harrison International Peace Hospital, Hengshui, China
| | - Sainan Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurovascular disease discovery, Beijing, China
| | - Weiping Sun
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurovascular disease discovery, Beijing, China.
| | - Yining Huang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurovascular disease discovery, Beijing, China.
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8
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Cheng X, Hong L, Lin L, Churilov L, Ling Y, Zhang Y, Yang L, Parsons M, Dong Q. CHinese Acute Tissue-Based Imaging Selection for Lysis In Stroke Tenecteplase II (CHABLIS-T II): rationale and design. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2024:svn-2023-002890. [PMID: 38302191 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2023-002890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Tenecteplase (TNK) has demonstrated non-inferiority to alteplase in patients who had an acute ischaemic stroke presenting within 4.5 hours from symptom onset. The trial is aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of TNK in Chinese patients who had an acute ischaemic stroke with large/medium vessel occlusion in an extended time window. METHODS AND DESIGN Chinese Acute Tissue-Based Imaging Selection for Lysis In Stroke Tenecteplase II (CHABLIS-T II) is a multicentre, prospective, block-randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint, phase IIb study. Eligible patients are 1:1 randomised into two groups: 0.25 mg/kg TNK versus best medical management (excluding TNK). The safety and efficacy of 0.25 mg/kg TNK are assessed through reperfusion status and presence of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (sICH). STUDY OUTCOMES The primary outcome is major reperfusion without sICH at 24-48 hours after randomisation. Major reperfusion is defined as restoration of blood flow to greater than 50% of the involved ischaemic territory assessed by catheter angiography or repeated perfusion imaging. Secondary outcomes include post-thrombolytic recanalisation, neurological improvements, change in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, haemorrhagic transformation at 24-48 hours, systematic bleeding at discharge, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0-1, mRS 0-2, mRS 5-6, mRS distribution and Barthel index at 90 days. DISCUSSION CHABLIS-T II will provide important evidence of intravenous thrombolysis with TNK for patients who had an acute stroke in an extended time window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cheng
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Clinical Research Centre for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Hong
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Clinical Research Centre for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Longting Lin
- University of New South Wales South Western Sydney Clinical School, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Department of Neurology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leonid Churilov
- Melbourne Medical School, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yifeng Ling
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Clinical Research Centre for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiran Zhang
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Clinical Research Centre for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lumeng Yang
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Clinical Research Centre for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mark Parsons
- University of New South Wales South Western Sydney Clinical School, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Department of Neurology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Clinical Research Centre for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Jia W, Jiang Y, Ma R, Huang X, Gu H, Meng X, Li H, Zhao X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Li Z, Wang C. 10-year Temporal Trends of Intravenous Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Analysis of the China National Stroke Registry I-Ⅲ. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107431. [PMID: 37951082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the 10-year trend in healthcare quality of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in China. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed 42,188 AIS within 7 days of onset from the China National Stroke Registry (CNSR) Ⅰ-Ⅲ. Primary outcomes were temporal changes in the proportion of patients arriving at the hospital within 3.5 hours (and 2 hours) of onset and receiving IVT within 4.5 hours (and 3 hours), stratified by region and hospital tier. Secondary outcomes included temporal changes in door-to-needle time (DNT), DNT ≤60 min and favorable outcome defined as a 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 0-1. RESULTS Among patients arriving at the hospital within 3.5 hours of onset, 13.5%, 7.1% and 33.4% patients received IVT within 4.5 hours in CNSR Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ, respectively, including a higher proportion from eastern China (37.0%) and tertiary hospitals (36.5%). The median DNT was shorter in CNSR Ⅲ (60.0 min) than those in Ⅱ (95.0 min) and I (94.0 min). The proportion of patients with DNT ≤60 min was greater in Ⅲ (53.4%) than those in Ⅱ (26.7%) and Ⅰ (13.4%). The proportion of favorable outcomes was higher in CNSR Ⅲ (72.8%) than those in Ⅱ (49.6%) and Ⅰ (49.4%). Similar trends were observed for patients arriving at the hospital within 2 hours and receiving IVT within 3 hours of onset. CONCLUSIONS The healthcare quality of IVT has improved remarkably in the past decade, notably in eastern China and tertiary hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Jia
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Ruihua Ma
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Xinying Huang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongqiu Gu
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Xia Meng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Xingquan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University; Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yilong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University; Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Zixiao Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases; Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.
| | - Chunjuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
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Xavier D, Murphy R, Pais P, Pandian J, Gosala S, Mathur N, Khurana D, Sundararajan R, Gupta R, Joshi R, Vanchilingam S, Venkatarathanamma PN, Desai S, Reddin C, O'Donnell M, Yusuf S. Characteristics, clinical practice patterns, and outcomes of strokes in India: INSPIRE-A multicentre prospective study. Int J Stroke 2023; 18:965-975. [PMID: 37114983 DOI: 10.1177/17474930231175584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND India has a high burden of stroke, but there are limited data available on the characteristics of patients presenting with stroke in India. AIMS We aimed to document the clinical characteristics, practice patterns, and outcomes of patients presenting with acute stroke to Indian hospitals. METHODS A prospective registry study of patients admitted with acute clinical stroke was conducted in 62 centers across different regions in India between 2009 and 2013. RESULTS Of the 10,329 patients included in the prescribed registry, 71.4% had ischemic stroke, 25.2% had intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and 3.4% had an undetermined stroke subtype. Mean age was 60 years (SD = 14) with 19.9% younger than 50 years; 65% were male. A severe stroke at admission (modified-Rankin score 4-5) was seen in 62%, with 38.4% of patients having severe disability at discharge or dying during hospitalization. Cumulative mortality was 25% at 6 months. Neuroimaging was completed in 98%, 76% received physiotherapy, 17% speech and language therapy (SLT), 7.6% occupational therapy (OT), with variability among sites; 3.7% of ischemic stroke patients received thrombolysis. Receipt of physiotherapy (odds ratio (OR) = 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.33-0.52) and SLT (OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.32-0.65) was associated with lower mortality, while a history of atrial fibrillation (OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.37-3.58) and ICH (OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.66-2.40) were associated with higher mortality. CONCLUSION In the INSPIRE (In Hospital Prospective Stroke Registry) study, one-in-five patients with acute stroke was under 50 years of age, and one-quarter of stroke was ICH. There was a low provision of thrombolysis and poor access to multidisciplinary rehabilitation highlighting how improvements are needed to reduce morbidity and mortality from stroke in India.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Murphy
- HRB Clinical Research Facility, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Prem Pais
- St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | | | - Dheeraj Khurana
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Rajeev Gupta
- Eternal Heart Care Centre & Research Institute, Jaipur, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Catriona Reddin
- HRB Clinical Research Facility, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Martin O'Donnell
- HRB Clinical Research Facility, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- PHRI, McMasters University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Salim Yusuf
- PHRI, McMasters University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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11
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Li H, Khan S, Siddique R, Bai Q, Liu Y, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Yong VW, Xue M. Obesity in acute ischaemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis therapy. Neurol Res 2023; 45:796-803. [PMID: 34112057 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2021.1939486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This article aimed to analyze the relationship between obesity and the efficacy of acute ischaemic stroke patients treated with IVT. BACKGROUND Stroke causes morbidity and mortality in large numbers of individuals annually. Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT)with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA) is currently the only approved by the FDA for treatment of acute ischaemic stroke. Researchers have focused on studying the mechanisms associated with ischaemic stroke. Obesity is an established vascular risk factor with increasing prevalence and a huge impact on public health worldwide. It is an independent predictor for ischaemic stroke with a 4% risk increase for each unit augmentation in body mass index (BMI). Therefore, obese patients will constitute an increasing subgroup of candidates for IVT. However, its impact on prognosis in acute ischaemic stroke patients with intravenous thrombolysis did not reach a consensus conclusion. METHODS Systematic literature search of PUBMED databases published before August 2020, was performed to identify studies addressing the role of obesity in acute ischaemic stroke patients treated with IVT. Studies included randomized clinical trials, observational studies, guideline statements, and review articles. CONCLUSIONS Obesity may be related to long-term prognosis of large group of AIS patients treated with IVT. It depends on the scale of clinical study samples, follow-up time, and evaluation criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Li
- The Departments of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Suliman Khan
- The Departments of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Rabeea Siddique
- The Departments of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qian Bai
- The Departments of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- The Departments of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ruiyi Zhang
- The Departments of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Departments of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - V Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mengzhou Xue
- The Departments of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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12
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Chen YT, Wu MR, Li ZX, Gu HQ, Zhou Q, Wang DD, Wang YJ, Xing-Quan Zhao. Assessment of rehabilitation following subarachnoid haemorrhage in China: findings from the Chinese Stroke Center Alliance. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:291. [PMID: 37542260 PMCID: PMC10403933 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03349-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rehabilitation improves functional recovery in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients, and assessing patients for rehabilitation is the first step in this process. However, little is known about clinical practice in China regarding the assessment and provision of rehabilitation for patients with SAH. METHODS To identify patients hospitalized with SAH and to analyze rehabilitation assessment rates, we used data for 11,234 SAH patients admitted to 861 hospitals from the China Stroke Center Alliance from August 2015 to July 2019. We examined factors for rehabilitation assessment and analyzed the relationship between rehabilitation assessment and outcomes in these patients. RESULTS Among 11,234 patients with SAH, 6,513 (58.0%) were assessed for rehabilitation. Assessed patients had an increased length of stay (mean ± SD days: 17.3 ± 12.5 versus 11.6 ± 10.5, P = 49.4), a higher Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score on admission (mean ± SD GCS score: 12.3 ± 3.8 versus 11.8 ± 4.4, P = 12.2), and were more likely to be admitted to the stroke unit (19.6% versus 13.8%, P = 15.6). In multivariable analysis, factors associated with an increased likelihood of a rehabilitation assessment (p < 0.05) included a longer length of stay (odds ratio [OR], 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04 to 1.05) and care such as dysphagia screening (OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.73 to 2.04), DVT prophylaxis (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.41 to 1.72) and vessel evaluation (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.63 to 1.98). For the multivariate analysis of outcomes, patients undergoing rehabilitation assessment had a longer length of stay (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.81 to 2.12), a higher modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at discharge (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.36 to 1.64), and higher rates of discharge to a rehabilitation center (OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.81-5.75). CONCLUSION More than two-fifths of SAH patients were not assessed for rehabilitation. Rates vary considerably among hospital grades, and there is a need to improve adherence to recommended care for SAH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tong Chen
- Nursing Department, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Vascular Neurology Unit, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mei-Ru Wu
- Nursing Department, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Vascular Neurology Unit, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Xiao Li
- Department of Neurology, Vascular Neurology Unit, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Qiu Gu
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Vascular Neurology Unit, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Jun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Vascular Neurology Unit, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Vascular Neurology Unit, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.
- Department of Neurology, Fengtai District, National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South 4Th Ring West Rd, Beijing, 100070, China.
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Ji Y, Gao Q, Ma Y, Wang F, Tan X, Song D, Hoo RLC, Wang Z, Ge X, Han H, Guo F, Chang J. An MMP-9 exclusive neutralizing antibody attenuates blood-brain barrier breakdown in mice with stroke and reduces stroke patient-derived MMP-9 activity. Pharmacol Res 2023; 190:106720. [PMID: 36893823 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Rapid upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) leads to blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown following stroke, but no MMP-9 inhibitors have been approved in clinic largely due to their low specificities and side effects. Here, we explored the therapeutic potential of a human IgG monoclonal antibody (mAb), L13, which was recently developed with exclusive neutralizing specificity to MMP-9, nanomolar potency, and biological function, using mouse stroke models and stroke patient samples. We found that L13 treatment at the onset of reperfusion following cerebral ischemia or after intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) significantly reduced brain tissue injury and improved the neurological outcomes of mice. Compared to control IgG, L13 substantially attenuated BBB breakdown in both types of stroke model by inhibiting MMP-9 activity-mediated degradations of basement membrane and endothelial tight junction proteins. Importantly, these BBB-protective and neuroprotective effects of L13 in wild-type mice were comparable to Mmp9 genetic deletion and fully abolished in Mmp9 knockout mice, highlighting the in vivo target specificity of L13. Meanwhile, ex vivo co-incubation with L13 significantly neutralized the enzymatic activities of human MMP-9 in the sera of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients, or in the peri-hematoma brain tissues from hemorrhagic stroke patients. Overall, we demonstrated that MMP-9 exclusive neutralizing mAbs constitute a potential feasible therapeutic approach for both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabin Ji
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yinzhong Ma
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xixi Tan
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Neurology, Yangjiang People's Hospital, Yangjiang 529500, China
| | - Dengpan Song
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ruby L C Hoo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zening Wang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Xin Ge
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Hongjie Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pingdingshan Second People's Hospital, Pingdingshan 467000, China
| | - Fuyou Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Junlei Chang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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14
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Wu Q, Wei C, Guo S, Liu J, Xiao H, Wu S, Wu B, Liu M. Acute iron overload aggravates blood-brain barrier disruption and hemorrhagic transformation after transient focal ischemia in rats with hyperglycemia. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 13:87-95. [PMID: 35847179 PMCID: PMC9284446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Center of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chenchen Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Siqi Guo
- West China School of Clinical Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Center of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hengyi Xiao
- Lab for Aging Research, Center for Medical Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Simiao Wu
- Center of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Center of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Center of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- Correspondence to: Center of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
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15
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Gao Z, Liu Q, Yang L, Zhu X. Identification of high-risk factors for prehospital delay for patients with stroke using the risk matrix methods. Front Public Health 2022; 10:858926. [PMID: 36438229 PMCID: PMC9691690 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.858926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke has become a leading cause of mortality and adult disability in China. The key to treating acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is to open the obstructed blood vessels as soon as possible and save the ischemic penumbra. However, the thrombolytic rate in China is only 2.5%. Research has been devoted to investigating the causes of prehospital delay, but the exact controllable risk factors for prehospital delay remain uncertain, and a consensus is lacking. We aimed to develop a risk assessment tool to identify the most critical risk factors for prehospital delay for AIS patients. Methods From November 2018 to July 2019, 450 patients with AIS were recruited. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected. The Delphi technique was used to obtain expert opinions about the importance of the risk indices in two rounds of Delphi consultation. Then, we used the risk matrix to identify high-risk factors for prehospital delay for AIS patients. Results The risk matrix identified the following five critical risk factors that account for prehospital delay after AIS: living in a rural area; no bystanders when stroke occurs; patients and their families lacking an understanding of the urgency of stroke treatment; patients and their families not knowing that stroke requires thrombolysis or that there is a thrombolysis time window; and the patient self-medicating, unaware of the seriousness of the symptoms, and waiting for spontaneous remission. Conclusions The risk analysis tool used during this study may help prevent prehospital delays for patients with AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Gao
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinqin Liu
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,*Correspondence: Li Yang
| | - Xuemei Zhu
- School of Nursing, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
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16
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Kuang J, Zhu X, Yang L, Gao Z, Wei X, Zhou K, Xu M. Factors influencing alertness to premonitory symptoms in stroke patients with pre-hospital delay. Public Health Nurs 2022; 39:1204-1212. [PMID: 35714655 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose was to explore the alertness of premonitory symptoms in stroke patients with prehospital delay, and to analyze the influencing factors. DESIGN AND SAMPLE A cross-sectional study using the convenience sampling method was conducted in the neurology department of a general hospital between November 2018 and July 2019. A total of 352 stroke patients were participated in the survey. MEASURES A hierarchical multiple regression was performed to analyze the factors related to the alertness of premonitory symptoms (0-9 scores) in stroke patients with prehospital delay. RESULTS The alertness score was 6.53 ± 2.377. The lowest score of 0.55 ± 0.498 was for "Continuous yawning occurs continuously despite no tiredness or lack of sleep is okay, and need not be treated." The hierarchical regression results revealed that symptom onset, symptom change before admission, knowledge, social support were the influencing factors delaying the alertness of premonitory symptoms. Knowledge and support from friends could improve the alertness, while support from family and other support had a notable negative impact. CONCLUSIONS Stroke patients need to be more alert toward premonitory symptoms. This alertness is related to stroke knowledge and social support. Nurses should formulate interventions and advise stroke patients to improve their stroke knowledge and expand their social network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinke Kuang
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xuemei Zhu
- School of Nursing, Harbin Medical University/The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zihan Gao
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Kexin Zhou
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mengfan Xu
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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17
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Liang J, Yin Z, Li Z, Gu H, Yang K, Xiong Y, Wang Y, Wang C. Predictors of dysphagia screening and pneumonia among patients with acute ischaemic stroke in China: findings from the Chinese Stroke Center Alliance (CSCA). Stroke Vasc Neurol 2022; 7:294-301. [PMID: 35260437 PMCID: PMC9453830 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2020-000746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Guidelines recommend dysphagia screening to identify those at high risk of pneumonia. However, little is known about the prevalence and predictors of dysphagia screening and pneumonia among patients with acute ischaemic stroke in China. METHODS Using data from the Chinese Stroke Center Alliance, which is a multicentre, prospective, consecutive patient enrolment programme, univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify patient and hospital characteristics associated with dysphagia screening and pneumonia during acute hospitalisation. RESULTS Of 790 811 patients admitted to 1476 hospitals, 622 718 (78.7%) underwent dysphagia screening, and 64 398 (8.1%) developed pneumonia. Patients in stroke units were more likely to be screened for dysphagia than those not in stroke units (OR 1.50; 95% CI 1.48 to 1.52), while patients with a past history of stroke were less likely to be screened (OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.86 to 0.88). Dysphagia screening (OR 1.46; 95% CI 1.30 to 1.65), dysphagia (OR 7.31; 95% CI 7.15 to 7.46), and admission to stroke units (OR 1.17; 95% CI 1.14 to 1.19) were significantly associated with a greater risk of pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS Dysphagia was a critical factor in the development of pneumonia. Nearly one in five patients with acute ischaemic stroke in the Chinese Stroke Center Alliance were not screened for dysphagia. Pneumonia prevention during acute hospitalisation is dependent not only on dysphagia screening but also on the effectiveness of subsequent dysphagia management interventions. Further studies are needed to elucidate the relationship between dysphagia screening, stroke unit care and pneumonia in patients with acute ischaemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshu Liang
- Nursing Department, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhike Yin
- Nursing Department, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Vascular Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zixiao Li
- Department of Neurology, Vascular Neurology, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongqiu Gu
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaixuan Yang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunyun Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Vascular Neurology, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Vascular Neurology, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunjuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Vascular Neurology, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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18
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Identification and analysis of key risk factors for prehospital delay in patients with stroke. Int Emerg Nurs 2022; 62:101156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2022.101156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Ye Q, Zhai F, Chao B, Cao L, Xu Y, Zhang P, Han H, Wang L, Xu B, Chen W, Wen C, Wang S, Wang R, Zhang L, Jiao L, Liu S, Zhu YC, Wang LD. Rates of intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular therapy for acute ischaemic stroke in China between 2019 and 2020. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2022; 21:100406. [PMID: 35243459 PMCID: PMC8873940 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, a series of initiatives have been launched to promote intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and endovascular therapy (EVT) for acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) in China. We aimed to update the rates of IVT and EVT in China between 2019 and 2020 and to evaluate the current IVT and EVT according to hospital grades. METHODS Cross-sectional data on patients receiving IVT/EVT were derived from the Bigdata Observatory platform for Stroke of China (BOSC). The monthly number of discharged patients with a principal diagnosis of AIS was derived from the first pages of medical records of each hospital. The rates and information of IVT and EVT were analysed according to hospital grades. FINDINGS During this period, 938 tertiary hospitals and 786 secondary hospitals from 31 provinces continuously reported data to the BOSC. The overall IVT rate for AIS was 5·64%, and the EVT rate was 1·45%. The IVT rate in secondary hospitals was higher than that in tertiary hospitals (6·39% vs. 5·39%, P < 0·001), whereas the EVT rate in secondary hospitals was much lower than that in tertiary hospitals (0·29% vs. 1·84%, P < 0·001). Significant differences in demographic and clinical characteristics of patients receiving IVT/EVT were also shown between tertiary and secondary hospitals. INTERPRETATION The rates of IVT and EVT for AIS have greatly increased in China, but there is still a large gap compared with developed countries. Hospital inhomogeneity in IVT and EVT suggests the importance of developing a region-specific network for stroke treatment. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ye
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- The General Office of Stroke Prevention Project Committee, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Feifei Zhai
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Baohua Chao
- The General Office of Stroke Prevention Project Committee, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Cao
- The General Office of Stroke Prevention Project Committee, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peilan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongxing Han
- Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Shenyang First People's Hospital, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenhuo Chen
- Department of Neurointervention, Zhangzhou affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Changming Wen
- Department of Neurology, Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang, China
| | - Shouchun Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Runqing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liyong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Liqun Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Cheng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Long-De Wang
- The General Office of Stroke Prevention Project Committee, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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20
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LeCouffe NE, Kappelhof M, Treurniet KM, Rinkel LA, Bruggeman AE, Berkhemer OA, Wolff L, van Voorst H, Tolhuisen ML, Dippel DWJ, van der Lugt A, van Es ACGM, Boiten J, Lycklama À Nijeholt GJ, Keizer K, Gons RAR, Yo LSF, van Oostenbrugge RJ, van Zwam WH, Roozenbeek B, van der Worp HB, Lo RTH, van den Wijngaard IR, de Ridder IR, Costalat V, Arquizan C, Lemmens R, Demeestere J, Hofmeijer J, Martens JM, Schonewille WJ, Vos JA, Uyttenboogaart M, Bokkers RPH, van Tuijl JH, Kortman H, Schreuder FHBM, Boogaarts HD, de Laat KF, van Dijk LC, den Hertog HM, van Hasselt BAAM, Brouwers PJAM, Bulut T, Remmers MJM, van Norden A, Imani F, Rozeman AD, Elgersma OEH, Desfontaines P, Brisbois D, Samson Y, Clarençon F, Krietemeijer GM, Postma AA, van Doormaal PJ, van den Berg R, van der Hoorn A, Beenen LFM, Nieboer D, Lingsma HF, Emmer BJ, Coutinho JM, Majoie CBLM, Roos YBWEM. A Randomized Trial of Intravenous Alteplase before Endovascular Treatment for Stroke. N Engl J Med 2021; 385:1833-1844. [PMID: 34758251 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2107727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The value of administering intravenous alteplase before endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke has not been studied extensively, particularly in non-Asian populations. METHODS We performed an open-label, multicenter, randomized trial in Europe involving patients with stroke who presented directly to a hospital that was capable of providing EVT and who were eligible for intravenous alteplase and EVT. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive EVT alone or intravenous alteplase followed by EVT (the standard of care). The primary end point was functional outcome on the modified Rankin scale (range, 0 [no disability] to 6 [death]) at 90 days. We assessed the superiority of EVT alone over alteplase plus EVT, as well as noninferiority by a margin of 0.8 for the lower boundary of the 95% confidence interval for the odds ratio of the two trial groups. Death from any cause and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage were the main safety end points. RESULTS The analysis included 539 patients. The median score on the modified Rankin scale at 90 days was 3 (interquartile range, 2 to 5) with EVT alone and 2 (interquartile range, 2 to 5) with alteplase plus EVT. The adjusted common odds ratio was 0.84 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62 to 1.15; P = 0.28), which showed neither superiority nor noninferiority of EVT alone. Mortality was 20.5% with EVT alone and 15.8% with alteplase plus EVT (adjusted odds ratio, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.84 to 2.30). Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage occurred in 5.9% and 5.3% of the patients in the respective groups (adjusted odds ratio, 1.30; 95% CI, 0.60 to 2.81). CONCLUSIONS In a randomized trial involving European patients, EVT alone was neither superior nor noninferior to intravenous alteplase followed by EVT with regard to disability outcome at 90 days after stroke. The incidence of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage was similar in the two groups. (Funded by the Collaboration for New Treatments of Acute Stroke consortium and others; MR CLEAN-NO IV ISRCTN number, ISRCTN80619088.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E LeCouffe
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Manon Kappelhof
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Kilian M Treurniet
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Leon A Rinkel
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Agnetha E Bruggeman
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Olvert A Berkhemer
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Lennard Wolff
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Henk van Voorst
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Manon L Tolhuisen
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Diederik W J Dippel
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Aad van der Lugt
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Adriaan C G M van Es
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Jelis Boiten
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Geert J Lycklama À Nijeholt
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Koos Keizer
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Rob A R Gons
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Lonneke S F Yo
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Robert J van Oostenbrugge
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Wim H van Zwam
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Bob Roozenbeek
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - H Bart van der Worp
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Rob T H Lo
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Ido R van den Wijngaard
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Inger R de Ridder
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Vincent Costalat
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Caroline Arquizan
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Robin Lemmens
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Jelle Demeestere
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Jeannette Hofmeijer
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Jasper M Martens
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Wouter J Schonewille
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Jan-Albert Vos
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Maarten Uyttenboogaart
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Reinoud P H Bokkers
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Julia H van Tuijl
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Hans Kortman
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Floris H B M Schreuder
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Hieronymus D Boogaarts
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Karlijn F de Laat
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Lukas C van Dijk
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Heleen M den Hertog
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Boudewijn A A M van Hasselt
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Paul J A M Brouwers
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Tomas Bulut
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Michel J M Remmers
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Anouk van Norden
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Farshad Imani
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Anouk D Rozeman
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Otto E H Elgersma
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Philippe Desfontaines
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Denis Brisbois
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Yves Samson
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Frédéric Clarençon
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - G Menno Krietemeijer
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Alida A Postma
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Pieter-Jan van Doormaal
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - René van den Berg
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Anouk van der Hoorn
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Ludo F M Beenen
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Daan Nieboer
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Hester F Lingsma
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Bart J Emmer
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Jonathan M Coutinho
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Charles B L M Majoie
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
| | - Yvo B W E M Roos
- From the Departments of Neurology (N.E.L., L.A.R., J.M.C., Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.K., K.M.T., A.E.B., O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T., R.B., L.F.M.B., B.J.E., C.B.L.M.M.), and Biomedical Engineering and Physics (O.A.B., H.V., M.L.T.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Departments of Radiology (K.M.T., G.J.L.N., I.R.W.) and Neurology (J.B., I.R.W.), The Hague Medical Center, and the Departments of Neurology (K.F.L.) and Radiology (L.C.D.), Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.A.B., L.W., A.L., P.-J.D.), Neurology (D.W.J.D., B.R.), and Public Health (D.N., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (A.C.G.M.E.), the Departments of Neurology (K.K., R.A.R.G.) and Radiology (L.S.F.Y., G.M.K.), Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (R.J.O., I.R.R.), and the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.Z., A.A.P.), Maastricht University Medical Center, and the School for Mental Health and Sciences, Maastricht University (A.A.P.), Maastricht, the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center (H.B.W.), and the Department of Radiology (R.T.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.) and Radiology (J.M.M.), Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Departments of Neurology (W.J.S.) and Radiology (J.-A.V.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Departments of Neurology (M.U.) and Radiology, Medical Imaging Center (R.P.H.B., A.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Departments of Neurology (J.H.T.) and Radiology (H.K.), Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Neurology (F.H.B.M.S.), and the Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center (H.D.B.), Nijmegen, the Departments of Neurology (H.M.H.) and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.A.A.M.H.), Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Departments of Neurology (P.J.A.M.B.) and Radiology (T.B.), Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Departments of Neurology (M.J.M.R., A.N.) and Radiology (F.I.), Amphia Hospital, Breda, and the Departments of Neurology (A.D.R.) and Radiology (O.E.H.E.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht - all in the Netherlands; the Departments of Neuroradiology (V.C.) and Neurology (C.A.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, and the Departments of Neurology (Y.S.) and Neuroradiology (F.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris - both in France; and the Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Center for Brain and Disease Research (R.L., J.D.), and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology (R.L., J.D.), Leuven, and the Departments of Neurology (P.D.) and Radiology (D.B.), Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liege - all in Belgium
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Li L, Pan Y, Wang M, Jing J, Meng X, Jiang Y, Guo C, Jin Z, Wang Y. Trends and predictors of myocardial infarction or vascular death after ischaemic stroke or TIA in China, 2007-2018: insights from China National Stroke Registries. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2020; 6:214-221. [PMID: 33127855 PMCID: PMC8258052 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2020-000503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although stroke management, primary and secondary preventions have been improved in China last decades, the trends and predictors of major vascular events after ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) at national scale are less known. Methods Data were obtained from the three phases of China National Stroke Registry (CNSR), including CNSR-Ⅰ (years 2007–2008), CNSR-Ⅱ (years 2012–2013) and CNSR-III (years 2015–2018). For comparison, patients who were diagnosed as ischaemic stroke or TIA were included. Kaplan-Meier estimates of myocardial infarction (MI) or vascular death were calculated at 1 year. Independent predictors were further assessed with a Cox proportional hazards regression. Results From 2007 to 2018, a total of 50 284 patients with ischaemic stroke or TIA were enrolled in this study. A declining trend was found in 1-year MI or vascular death (p for trend <0.001), while recurrent stroke depicted a U-shape curve with a nadir in 2012–2013 cohort. A similar trend was also observed in patients who were admitted to 26 hospitals in all three CNSRs. In 2015–2018 cohort, only 251 (1.7%; 95% CI 1.5% to 1.9%) MI or vascular death had occurred at 1 year. Older age, previous stroke or TIA, history of coronary artery disease and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale >6 were associated with both an increased risk of MI or vascular death and recurrent stroke. While early antiplatelet therapy and lipid-lowering agents at discharge predicted a reduced risk. Conclusion A declining trend and current low incidence of MI or vascular death, rather than recurrent stroke, after ischaemic stroke or TIA were observed in China. Traditional factors were found as independent predictors. These findings suggested there is still much room to improve for stroke management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuesong Pan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Jing
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Meng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Caixia Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zening Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China .,Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China .,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
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Li J, Wang J, Wu B, Xu H, Wu X, Zhou L, Deng B. Association Between Early Cognitive Impairment and Midterm Functional Outcomes Among Chinese Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Longitudinal Study. Front Neurol 2020; 11:20. [PMID: 32174878 PMCID: PMC7054458 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cognitive decline is common after stroke. The influence of early cognitive impairment on midterm functional outcomes among Chinese acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients has not been fully studied. The aim of the study was to assess the association between early cognitive impairment and midterm functional outcomes among Chinese AIS patients. Methods: A longitudinal survey focusing on Chinese AIS patients was conducted in three stroke centers in Shanghai, China (July to December 2016). A total of 185 eligible patients were interviewed at acute stage and at 1, 3, and 6 months after onset. Patients' functional outcomes were measured by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Barthel Index (BI) at each time point. Cognitive function was assessed using Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Changsha version (MoCA-CS), within 7 days after stroke onset. Covariates included patient's demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, clinical characteristics of stroke, vascular risk factors, receiving rehabilitation after discharge from acute hospital, and recurrence. Generalized linear mixed models and general linear mixed models were applied. Results: The prevalence of cognitive impairment at acute stage of stroke among these patients was 88.1%. The risk of disability (mRS 2–5) of all patients after stroke decreased over time (OR = 0.491, 95% CI = 0.401–0.603). The risk of disability among those with cognitive impairment increased compared with those with normal cognition (OR = 7.384, 95% CI = 1.041–52.407). The BI score of all patients increased over time after controlling for covariates (β = 1.51, p < 0.01). The BI score of those with cognitive impairment was lower than that with normal cognition over the follow-up period after controlling for other covariates (β = −8.11, p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study showed that early cognitive impairment was associated with higher risk of disability and poor activity of daily living (ADL) among Chinese AIS patients. Further studies are needed to examine the linkage between multi-domain cognitive impairment and long-term disability and ADL among stroke survivors by using neuropsychological test batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Naval Military Medical University School of Nursing, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Fudan University School of Nursing, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Wu
- New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hanzhang Xu
- Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, NC, United States.,Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Xiongfeng Wu
- Stroke Center, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lanshu Zhou
- Naval Military Medical University School of Nursing, Shanghai, China
| | - Benqiang Deng
- Stroke Center, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Can Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Shorten the Time to Stroke Team Activation, Computed Tomography (CT), and the Time to Receiving Antithrombotic Therapy? A Prospective Cohort Study. Prehosp Disaster Med 2020; 35:148-151. [PMID: 32054556 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x20000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stroke is a major emergency that can cause a significant morbidity and mortality. Advancement in stroke management in recent years has allowed more patients to be diagnosed and treated by stroke teams; however, stroke is a time-sensitive emergency that requires a high level of coordination, particularly within the prehospital phase. This research is to determine whether patients received by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) at a tertiary health care facility had shorter stroke team activation, time to computed tomography (CT), or time to receive intravenous thrombolytics. METHODS This research is a prospective cohort study of adults with stroke symptoms who required stroke team activation at a tertiary medical facility. The study included all patients received from September 1, 2017 through August 31, 2018. The primary outcome was the time difference to stroke team activation between patients received by EMS compared to patients that arrived by a private method of transportation. The secondary outcomes were the difference in time to CT scan and the time to receive intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA). RESULTS There were 75 (34.1%) patients who had been received by EMS, while 145 (65.9%) patients arrived via private transportation method (private car or by a friend/family member). The mean time to stroke team activation, time to CT, and time to receive thrombolytic therapy for the EMS group were: 8.19 (95% CI, 6.97 - 9.41) minutes; 18 (95% CI, 15.9 - 20.1) minutes; and 13.1 (95% CI, 6.95 - 19.3) minutes, respectively. Those for the private car group, on the other hand, were: 16 (95% CI, 12.4 - 19.6) minutes; 23.39 (95% CI, 19.6 - 27.2) minutes; and nine (95% CI, 4.54 -13.5) minutes, respectively. There was a significantly shorter time to stroke team activation for patients arriving via EMS compared to private car (P ≤ .00), but no significant difference was found on time to CT (P = .259) or time to receive rtPA (P = .100). CONCLUSION Emergency Medical Service transportation of stroke patients can significantly shorten the time to stroke team activation, leading to shorter triage and accelerated patient management. However, there was no statistical difference in time to CT or time to receive rtPA. Patients with stroke symptoms may benefit more from EMS transportation compared to private methods of transportation.
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Kuhrij L, van Zwet E, van den Berg-Vos R, Nederkoorn P, Marang-van de Mheen PJ. Enhancing feedback on performance measures: the difference in outlier detection using a binary versus continuous outcome funnel plot and implications for quality improvement. BMJ Qual Saf 2020; 30:38-45. [PMID: 32034014 PMCID: PMC7788228 DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2019-009929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Hospitals and providers receive feedback information on how their performance compares with others, often using funnel plots to detect outliers. These funnel plots typically use binary outcomes, and continuous variables are dichotomised to fit this format. However, information is lost using a binary measure, which is only sensitive to detect differences in higher values (the tail) rather than the entire distribution. This study therefore aims to investigate whether different outlier hospitals are identified when using a funnel plot for a binary vs a continuous outcome. This is relevant for hospitals with suboptimal performance to decide whether performance can be improved by targeting processes for all patients or a subgroup with higher values. Methods We examined the door-to-needle time (DNT) of all (6080) patients with acute ischaemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis in 65 hospitals in 2017, registered in the Dutch Acute Stroke Audit. We compared outlier hospitals in two funnel plots: the median DNT versus the proportion of patients with substantially delayed DNT (above the 90th percentile (P90)), whether these were the same or different hospitals. Two sensitivity analyses were performed using the proportion above the median and a continuous P90 funnel plot. Results The median DNT was 24 min and P90 was 50 min. In the binary funnel plot for the proportion of patients above P90, 58 hospitals had average performance, whereas in the funnel plot around the median 14 of these hospitals had significantly higher median DNT (24%). These hospitals can likely improve their DNT by focusing on care processes for all patients, not shown by the binary outcome funnel plot. Similar results were shown in sensitivity analyses. Conclusion Using funnel plots for continuous versus binary outcomes identify different outlier hospitals, which may enhance hospital feedback to direct more targeted improvement initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurien Kuhrij
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik van Zwet
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Renske van den Berg-Vos
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, OLVG, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Nederkoorn
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Perla J Marang-van de Mheen
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
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Wangqin R, Laskowitz DT, Wang Y, Li Z, Wang Y, Liu L, Liang L, Matsouaka RA, Saver JL, Fonarow GC, Bhatt DL, Smith EE, Schwamm LH, Prvu Bettger J, Hernandez AF, Peterson ED, Xian Y. International Comparison of Patient Characteristics and Quality of Care for Ischemic Stroke: Analysis of the China National Stroke Registry and the American Heart Association Get With The Guidelines--Stroke Program. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e010623. [PMID: 30371291 PMCID: PMC6474951 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Adherence to evidence-based guidelines is an important quality indicator; yet, there is lack of assessment of adherence to performance measures in acute ischemic stroke for most world regions. Methods and Results We analyzed 19 604 patients with acute ischemic stroke in the China National Stroke Registry and 194 876 patients in the Get With The Guidelines--Stroke registry in the United States from June 2012 to January 2013. Compared with their US counterparts, Chinese patients were younger, had a lower prevalence of comorbidities, and had similar median, lower mean, and less variability in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (median 4 [25th percentile-75th percentile, 2-7], mean 5.4±5.6 versus median 4 [1-10], mean 6.8±7.7). Chinese patients were more likely to experience delays from last known well to hospital arrival (median 1318 [330-3209] versus 644 [142-2055] minutes), less likely to receive thrombolytic therapy (2.5% versus 8.1%), and more likely to experience treatment delays (door-to-needle time median 95 [72-112] versus 62 [49-85] minutes). Adherence to early and discharge antithrombotics, smoking cessation counseling, and dysphagia screening were relatively high (eg >80%) in both countries. Large gaps existed between China and the United States with regard to the administration of thrombolytics within 3 hours (18.3% versus 83.6%), door-to-needle time ≤60 minutes (14.6% versus 48.0%), deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis (65.0% versus 97.8%), anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation (21.0% versus 94.4%), lipid treatment (66.3% versus 95.8%), and rehabilitation assessment (58.8% versus 97.4%). Conclusions We found significant differences in clinical characteristics and gaps in adherence for certain performance measures between China and the United States. Additional efforts are needed for continued improvements in acute stroke care and secondary prevention in both nations, especially China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runqi Wangqin
- Department of NeurologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC
- Clinical Research CenterChinese Stroke AssociationBeijingChina
- Department of NeurologyBeijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Daniel T. Laskowitz
- Department of NeurologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC
- Duke Clinical Research InstituteDurhamNC
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of NeurologyBeijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zixiao Li
- Department of NeurologyBeijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yilong Wang
- Department of NeurologyBeijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of NeurologyBeijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Li Liang
- Duke Clinical Research InstituteDurhamNC
| | | | | | | | - Deepak L. Bhatt
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Eric E. Smith
- Hotchkiss Brain InstituteUniversity of CalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Lee H. Schwamm
- Stroke ServiceMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | | | | | | | - Ying Xian
- Department of NeurologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC
- Duke Clinical Research InstituteDurhamNC
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