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Thorpe HHA, Fontanillas P, Pham BK, Meredith JJ, Jennings MV, Courchesne-Krak NS, Vilar-Ribó L, Bianchi SB, Mutz J, Elson SL, Khokhar JY, Abdellaoui A, Davis LK, Palmer AA, Sanchez-Roige S. Genome-wide association studies of coffee intake in UK/US participants of European ancestry uncover cohort-specific genetic associations. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:1609-1618. [PMID: 38858598 PMCID: PMC11319477 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01870-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of coffee intake in US-based 23andMe participants (N = 130,153) and identified 7 significant loci, with many replicating in three multi-ancestral cohorts. We examined genetic correlations and performed a phenome-wide association study across hundreds of biomarkers, health, and lifestyle traits, then compared our results to the largest available GWAS of coffee intake from the UK Biobank (UKB; N = 334,659). We observed consistent positive genetic correlations with substance use and obesity in both cohorts. Other genetic correlations were discrepant, including positive genetic correlations between coffee intake and psychiatric illnesses, pain, and gastrointestinal traits in 23andMe that were absent or negative in the UKB, and genetic correlations with cognition that were negative in 23andMe but positive in the UKB. Phenome-wide association study using polygenic scores of coffee intake derived from 23andMe or UKB summary statistics also revealed consistent associations with increased odds of obesity- and red blood cell-related traits, but all other associations were cohort-specific. Our study shows that the genetics of coffee intake associate with substance use and obesity across cohorts, but also that GWAS performed in different populations could capture cultural differences in the relationship between behavior and genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley H A Thorpe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Benjamin K Pham
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John J Meredith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mariela V Jennings
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Laura Vilar-Ribó
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sevim B Bianchi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Julian Mutz
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jibran Y Khokhar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Abdel Abdellaoui
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lea K Davis
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Abraham A Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Sanchez-Roige
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Huin V, Blum D, Delforge V, Cailliau E, Djeziri S, Dujardin K, Genet A, Viard R, Attarian S, Bruneteau G, Cassereau J, Genestet S, Kaminsky AL, Soriani MH, Lefilliatre M, Couratier P, Pittion-Vouyovitch S, Esselin F, De La Cruz E, Guy N, Kolev I, Corcia P, Cintas P, Desnuelle C, Buée L, Danel-Brunaud V, Devos D, Rolland AS. Caffeine consumption outcomes on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis disease progression and cognition. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 199:106603. [PMID: 39002811 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Caffeine consumption outcomes on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) including progression, survival and cognition remain poorly defined and may depend on its metabolization influenced by genetic variants. 378 ALS patients with a precise evaluation of their regular caffeine consumption were monitored as part of a prospective multicenter study. Demographic, clinical characteristics, functional disability as measured with revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R), cognitive deficits measured using Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen (ECAS), survival and riluzole treatment were recorded. 282 patients were genotyped for six single nucleotide polymorphisms tagging different genes involved in caffeine intake and/or metabolism: CYP1A1 (rs2472297), CYP1A2 (rs762551), AHR (rs4410790), POR (rs17685), XDH (rs206860) and ADORA2A (rs5751876) genes. Association between caffeine consumption and ALSFRS-R, ALSFRS-R rate, ECAS and survival were statistically analyzed to determine the outcome of regular caffeine consumption on ALS disease progression and cognition. No association was observed between caffeine consumption and survival (p = 0.25), functional disability (ALSFRS-R; p = 0.27) or progression of ALS (p = 0.076). However, a significant association was found with higher caffeine consumption and better cognitive performance on ECAS scores in patients carrying the C/T and T/T genotypes at rs2472297 (p-het = 0.004). Our results support the safety of regular caffeine consumption on ALS disease progression and survival and also show its beneficial impact on cognitive performance in patients carrying the minor allele T of rs2472297, considered as fast metabolizers, that would set the ground for a new pharmacogenetic therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Huin
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 Lille Neuroscience & Cognition (LilNCog), Lille, France; Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, France; Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Department of Toxicology and Genopathies, UF Neurobiology, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - David Blum
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 Lille Neuroscience & Cognition (LilNCog), Lille, France; Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, France.
| | - Violette Delforge
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 Lille Neuroscience & Cognition (LilNCog), Lille, France; Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, France
| | | | - Sofia Djeziri
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 Lille Neuroscience & Cognition (LilNCog), Lille, France
| | - Kathy Dujardin
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 Lille Neuroscience & Cognition (LilNCog), Lille, France
| | - Alexandre Genet
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Department of Toxicology and Genopathies, UF Neurobiology, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Romain Viard
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 Lille Neuroscience & Cognition (LilNCog), Lille, France; Univ Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41- UAR 2014 - PLBS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Shahram Attarian
- APHM, Timone University Hospital Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS, ERN Euro-NMD Center, Marseille, France
| | - Gaelle Bruneteau
- Neurology Department, Paris ALS expert center, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Julien Cassereau
- Department of Neurology, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Center, University-Hospital of Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Steeve Genestet
- Department of Neurology, Breton Competence Center of Rare Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuropathies With Cutaneous-Mucosal Symptoms, CHU Brest, Brest, France
| | - Anne-Laure Kaminsky
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Référent des Maladies Neuromusculaires Rares, CHU de Saint Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Florence Esselin
- Explorations Neurologiques et Centre SLA, CHU et Université de Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Elisa De La Cruz
- Explorations Neurologiques et Centre SLA, CHU et Université de Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Guy
- CRC SLA et maladie du neurone moteur, U1107-neurodol-UCA, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ivan Kolev
- Hospital Centre Saint Brieuc, Saint Brieuc, Bretagne, France
| | - Philippe Corcia
- Service de Neurologie, CHRU Bretonneau, 2 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Pascal Cintas
- Service de Neurologie, CHU de Toulouse Purpan, Place du Docteur Baylac TSA 40031; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires AOC, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | | | - Luc Buée
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 Lille Neuroscience & Cognition (LilNCog), Lille, France; Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, France
| | - Véronique Danel-Brunaud
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 Lille Neuroscience & Cognition (LilNCog), Lille, France; Department of Neurology, CHU de Lille, University of Lille, ACT4-ALS-MND Network, Lille, France
| | - David Devos
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 Lille Neuroscience & Cognition (LilNCog), Lille, France; Department of Neurology, CHU de Lille, University of Lille, ACT4-ALS-MND Network, Lille, France; Department of Medical Pharmacology, CHU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Rolland
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 Lille Neuroscience & Cognition (LilNCog), Lille, France; Department of Medical Pharmacology, CHU de Lille, Lille, France.
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Yang Q, Yuan Y, Lyu D, Zhuang R, Xue D, Niu C, Ma L, Zhang L. The role of coffee and potential mediators in subclinical atherosclerosis: insights from Mendelian randomization study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1405353. [PMID: 39119461 PMCID: PMC11309031 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1405353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Coffee contains many bioactive compounds, and its inconsistent association with subclinical atherosclerosis has been reported in observational studies. In this Mendelian randomization study, we investigated whether genetically predicted coffee consumption is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis, as well as the role of potential mediators. Methods We first conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to examine the causal effect of coffee and its subtypes on subclinical atherosclerosis inferred from coronary artery calcification (CAC). Next, the significant results were validated using another independent dataset. Two-step Mendelian randomization analyses were utilized to evaluate the causal pathway from coffee to subclinical atherosclerosis through potential mediators, including blood pressure, blood lipids, body mass index, and glycated hemoglobin. Mendelian randomization analyses were performed using the multiplicative random effects inverse-variance weighted method as the main approach, followed by a series of complementary methods and sensitivity analyses. Results Coffee, filtered coffee, and instant coffee were associated with the risk of CAC (β = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.12 to 1.47, p = 0.022; β = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.17 to 1.15, p = 0.008; β = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.20 to 1.13, p = 0.005; respectively). While no significant causal relationship was found between decaffeinated coffee and CAC (β = -1.32, 95% CI: -2.67 to 0.04, p = 0.056). The association between coffee and CAC was validated in the replication analysis (β = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.48, p = 0.009). Body mass index mediated 39.98% of the effect of coffee on CAC (95% CI: 9.78 to 70.19%, p = 0.009), and 5.79% of the effect of instant coffee on CAC (95% CI: 0.54 to 11.04%, p = 0.030). Conclusion Our study suggests that coffee other than decaffeinated coffee increases the risk of subclinical atherosclerosis inferred from CAC. Body mass index mediated 39.98 and 5.79% of the causal effects of coffee and instant coffee on CAC, respectively. Coffee should be consumed with caution, especially in individuals with established cardiovascular risk factors, and decaffeinated coffee appears to be a safer choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Yang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Food Science Editorial Department, Beijing Academy of Food Science, Beijing, China
| | - Diyang Lyu
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Donghua Xue
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chaofeng Niu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liyong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lijing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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He Y, Zhu S, Zhang Y, Tan CP, Zhang J, Liu Y, Xu YJ. Effect of coffee, tea and alcohol intake on circulating inflammatory cytokines: a two sample-Mendelian randomization study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2024; 78:622-629. [PMID: 38609641 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-024-01438-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the abundance of research examining the effects of coffee, tea, and alcohol on inflammatory diseases, there is a notable absence of conclusive evidence regarding their direct causal influence on circulating inflammatory cytokines. Previous studies have primarily concentrated on established cytokines, neglecting the potential impact of beverage consumption on lesser-studied but equally important cytokines. METHODS Information regarding the consumption of coffee, tea, and alcohol was collected from the UK Biobank, with sample sizes of 428,860, 447,485, and 462,346 individuals, respectively. Data on 41 inflammatory cytokines were obtained from summary statistics of 8293 healthy participants from Finnish cohorts. RESULTS The consumption of coffee was found to be potentially associated with decreased levels of Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (β = -0.57, 95% CI -1.06 ~ -0.08; p = 0.022) and Stem cell growth factor beta (β = -0.64, 95% CI -1.16 ~ -0.12; p = 0.016), as well as an increase in TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (β = 0.43, 95% CI 0.06 ~ 0.8; p = 0.023) levels. Conversely, tea intake was potentially correlated with a reduction in Interleukin-8 (β = -0.45, 95% CI -0.9 ~ 0; p = 0.045) levels. Moreover, our results indicated an association between alcohol consumption and decreased levels of Regulated on Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted (β = -0.24, 95% CI -0.48 ~ 0; p = 0.047), as well as an increase in Stem cell factor (β = 0.17, 95% CI 0.02 ~ 0.31; p = 0.023) and Stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha (β = 0.20, 95% CI 0.04 ~ 0.36; p = 0.013). CONCLUSION Revealing the interactions between beverage consumption and various inflammatory cytokines may lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic targets, thereby facilitating dietary interventions to complement clinical disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chin Ping Tan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, 410500, Malaysia
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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Li GHY, Tang CM, Wu SM, Cheung CL. Causal association of genetically determined caffeine intake from tea or coffee with bone health: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Postgrad Med J 2024:qgae051. [PMID: 38651568 DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgae051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relationship of caffeine intake and consumption of caffeinated beverages, such as tea and coffee, with bone health remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate whether genetically determined caffeine intake from tea or coffee has causal effects on overall total body bone mineral density (TB-BMD) and fracture. We also assessed the association with TB-BMD in five age strata. METHODS Using two-sample Mendelian randomization approach, summary statistics were retrieved from genome-wide association studies (GWAS)/GWAS meta-analyses of caffeine intake from tea (n = 395 866)/coffee (n = 373 522), TB-BMD (n = 66 628), and fracture (n = 426 795). Inverse variance weighted method was adopted as the main univariable analysis. Multivariable analysis was conducted to evaluate whether the causal effect is independent. RESULTS In univariable analysis, genetically determined caffeine intake from tea had positive association with overall TB-BMD (per SD increase in genetically determined caffeine intake, beta of TB-BMD [in SD]: 0.166; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.006-0.326) and inverse association with fracture (OR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.654-0.954). Genetically determined caffeine intake from coffee was also positively associated with overall TB-BMD (beta = 0.231; 95% CI: 0.093-0.369). The association remained significant after adjustment for smoking in multivariable analysis. Genetically determined caffeine intake from tea or coffee was both positively associated with TB-BMD in the age strata of 45-60 years, but we lacked evidence of association in other strata. CONCLUSIONS Genetically, caffeine intake from tea or coffee may be beneficial to bone health. Due to the ascertainment method of caffeine intake from tea, our study also implied genetically higher tea consumption may improve TB-BMD and lower fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Hoi-Yee Li
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Lee Shau Kee Building, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Ching-Man Tang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Lee Shau Kee Building, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Suet-Man Wu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Lee Shau Kee Building, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Ching-Lung Cheung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Sonestedt E, Lukic M. Beverages - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:10458. [PMID: 38571923 PMCID: PMC10989231 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Coffee, tea, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), and low- and no-calorie sweetened beverages (LNCSBs) are generally frequently consumed in the Nordic and Baltic countries. These beverages have also been related to potential health effects. This scoping review describes the evidence for the role of coffee, tea, SSBs, and LNCSBs for health-related outcomes as a basis for setting and updating food-based dietary guidelines. We used evidence from several qualified systematic reviews (i.e. World Cancer Research Fund, US Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, European Food Safety Authority, and World Health Organization) and performed a search for additional systematic reviews. The evidence suggests that moderate coffee and tea consumption do not have long-term adverse health effects. The long-term favorable effects of coffee consumption are related to reduced risk of endometrial and liver cancer, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular deaths. However, results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggest that coffee brews that are rich in diterpenes, such as boiled coffee, increase serum cholesterol concentrations. High caffeine intake in pregnancy is associated with higher risk of pregnancy loss, preterm birth, and low birth weight. High consumption of SSBs has been associated with increased risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, based on data from RCTs and prospective cohort studies. The consumption of LNCSBs may result in a small reduction in body weight in adults, likely mediated through the effect of reduced energy intake, but has neutral effects on other cardiometabolic risk markers using evidence from RCTs. However, evidence from observational studies indicates increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases among high LNCSB consumers. In conclusion, current evidence suggests that moderate coffee and tea consumption have no long-term adverse health effects. The evidence of beneficial effects of coffee consumption on liver and endometrial cancer risk, and some cardiovascular outcomes, comes from observational studies. High consumption of boiled coffee should be avoided due to negative effect on lipid profile. Pregnant women should not exceed the recommended daily dose of caffeine intake of 200 mg set by the European Food Safety Authority as a safe level for the fetus. High consumption of SSBs has consistently been associated with adverse health effects, which is mainly due to excess energy intake, and should be limited. The conflicting results from RCTs and observational studies regarding LNCSBs may be due to revere causation and should be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Sonestedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marko Lukic
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Deng MG, Liu F, Wang K, Liang Y, Nie JQ, Chai C. Genetic association between coffee/caffeine consumption and the risk of obstructive sleep apnea in the European population: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:3423-3431. [PMID: 37668652 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between coffee/caffeine consumption and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk remains unclear. PURPOSE To determine the relationship between coffee/caffeine consumption and the risk of OSA, using the Mendelian randomization (MR) method in the European population. METHODS Two sets of coffee consumption-associated genetic variants were, respectively, extracted from the recent genome-wide meta-analysis (GWMA) and genome-wide association study (GWAS) of coffee consumption. Taking other caffeine sources into account, genetic variants associated with caffeine consumption from tea and plasma caffeine (reflecting total caffeine intake) were also obtained. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) technique was utilized as the primary analysis, supplemented by the MR-Egger, weighted-median, and MR-Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (PRESSO) techniques. Leave-one-out (LOO) analysis was performed to assess whether the overall casual estimates were driven by a single SNP. Additional sensitivity analyses were performed using similar methods, while the genetic variants associated with confounders, e.g., body mass index and hypertension, were excluded. RESULTS The IVW method demonstrated that coffee consumption GWMA (OR: 1.065, 95% CI 0.927-1.224, p = 0.376), coffee consumption GWAS (OR: 1.665, 95% CI 0.932-2.977, p = 0.086), caffeine from tea (OR: 1.198, 95% CI 0.936-1.534, p = 0.151), and blood caffeine levels (OR: 1.054, 95% CI 0.902-1.231, p = 0.508) were unlikely to be associated with the risk of OSA. The other three methods presented similar results, where no significant associations were found. No single genetic variant was driving the overall estimates by the LOO analysis. These findings were also supported by the sensitivity analyses with no confounding genetic variants. CONCLUSION Our study found no association between coffee/caffeine consumption and the risk of OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Gang Deng
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, 430012, Hubei, China.
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, 430012, Hubei, China.
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Public Health, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, 430033, Hubei, China
| | - Yuehui Liang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Jia-Qi Nie
- Xiaogan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiaogan, 432000, Huebi, China
| | - Chen Chai
- Emergency Center, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
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8
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Georgiou AN, Zagkos L, Markozannes G, Chalitsios CV, Asimakopoulos AG, Xu W, Wang L, Mesa‐Eguiagaray I, Zhou X, Loizidou EM, Kretsavos N, Theodoratou E, Gill D, Burgess S, Evangelou E, Tsilidis KK, Tzoulaki I. Appraising the Causal Role of Risk Factors in Coronary Artery Disease and Stroke: A Systematic Review of Mendelian Randomization Studies. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e029040. [PMID: 37804188 PMCID: PMC7615320 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.029040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mendelian randomization (MR) offers a powerful approach to study potential causal associations between exposures and health outcomes by using genetic variants associated with an exposure as instrumental variables. In this systematic review, we aimed to summarize previous MR studies and to evaluate the evidence for causality for a broad range of exposures in relation to coronary artery disease and stroke. METHODS AND RESULTS MR studies investigating the association of any genetically predicted exposure with coronary artery disease or stroke were identified. Studies were classified into 4 categories built on the significance of the main MR analysis results and its concordance with sensitivity analyses, namely, robust, probable, suggestive, and insufficient. Studies reporting associations that did not perform any sensitivity analysis were classified as nonevaluable. We identified 2725 associations eligible for evaluation, examining 535 distinct exposures. Of them, 141 were classified as robust, 353 as probable, 110 as suggestive, and 926 had insufficient evidence. The most robust associations were observed for anthropometric traits, lipids, and lipoproteins and type 2 diabetes with coronary artery; disease and clinical measurements with coronary artery disease and stroke; and thrombotic factors with stroke. CONCLUSIONS Despite the large number of studies that have been conducted, only a limited number of associations were supported by robust evidence. Approximately half of the studies reporting associations presented an MR sensitivity analysis along with the main analysis that further supported the causality of associations. Future research should focus on more thorough assessments of sensitivity MR analyses and further assessments of mediation effects or nonlinearity of associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea N. Georgiou
- Department of Hygiene and EpidemiologyUniversity of Ioannina School of MedicineIoanninaGreece
| | - Loukas Zagkos
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Georgios Markozannes
- Department of Hygiene and EpidemiologyUniversity of Ioannina School of MedicineIoanninaGreece
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Christos V. Chalitsios
- Department of Hygiene and EpidemiologyUniversity of Ioannina School of MedicineIoanninaGreece
| | | | - Wei Xu
- Centre for Global Health, Usher InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Centre for Global Health, Usher InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | - Xuan Zhou
- Centre for Global Health, Usher InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Eleni M. Loizidou
- Department of Hygiene and EpidemiologyUniversity of Ioannina School of MedicineIoanninaGreece
- Biobank Cyprus Center of Excellence in Biobanking and Biomedical ResearchUniversity of CyprusNicosiaCyprus
| | - Nikolaos Kretsavos
- Department of Hygiene and EpidemiologyUniversity of Ioannina School of MedicineIoanninaGreece
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Centre for Global Health, Usher InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and CancerThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Hygiene and EpidemiologyUniversity of Ioannina School of MedicineIoanninaGreece
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyFoundation for Research and Technology‐HellasIoanninaGreece
| | - Konstantinos K. Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and EpidemiologyUniversity of Ioannina School of MedicineIoanninaGreece
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
- Centre for Systems Biology, Biomedical Research FoundationAcademy of AthensAthensGreece
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9
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Thorpe HHA, Fontanillas P, Pham BK, Meredith JJ, Jennings MV, Courchesne-Krak NS, Vilar-Ribó L, Bianchi SB, Mutz J, Elson SL, Khokhar JY, Abdellaoui A, Davis LK, Palmer AA, Sanchez-Roige S. Genome-Wide Association Studies of Coffee Intake in UK/US Participants of European Ancestry Uncover Gene-Cohort Influences. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.09.09.23295284. [PMID: 37745582 PMCID: PMC10516045 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.09.23295284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of coffee intake in US-based 23andMe participants (N=130,153) and identified 7 significant loci, with many replicating in three multi-ancestral cohorts. We examined genetic correlations and performed a phenome-wide association study across thousands of biomarkers and health and lifestyle traits, then compared our results to the largest available GWAS of coffee intake from UK Biobank (UKB; N=334,659). The results of these two GWAS were highly discrepant. We observed positive genetic correlations between coffee intake and psychiatric illnesses, pain, and gastrointestinal traits in 23andMe that were absent or negative in UKB. Genetic correlations with cognition were negative in 23andMe but positive in UKB. The only consistent observations were positive genetic correlations with substance use and obesity. Our study shows that GWAS in different cohorts could capture cultural differences in the relationship between behavior and genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley H A Thorpe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Benjamin K Pham
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John J Meredith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mariela V Jennings
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Laura Vilar-Ribó
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sevim B Bianchi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Julian Mutz
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - 23andMe Research Team
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah L Elson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jibran Y Khokhar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Abdel Abdellaoui
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lea K Davis
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Abraham A Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Sanchez-Roige
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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10
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Kember RL, Vickers-Smith R, Zhou H, Xu H, Jennings M, Dao C, Davis L, Sanchez-Roige S, Justice AC, Gelernter J, Vujkovic M, Kranzler HR. Genetic Underpinnings of the Transition From Alcohol Consumption to Alcohol Use Disorder: Shared and Unique Genetic Architectures in a Cross-Ancestry Sample. Am J Psychiatry 2023; 180:584-593. [PMID: 37282553 PMCID: PMC10731616 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.21090892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of alcohol-related phenotypes have uncovered key differences in the underlying genetic architectures of alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder (AUD), with the two traits having opposite genetic correlations with psychiatric disorders. Understanding the genetic factors that underlie the transition from heavy drinking to AUD has important theoretical and clinical implications. METHODS The authors used longitudinal data from the cross-ancestry Million Veteran Program sample to identify 1) novel loci associated with AUD and alcohol consumption (measured by the score on the consumption subscale of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT-C]), 2) the impact of phenotypic variation on genetic discovery, and 3) genetic variants with direct effects on AUD that are not mediated through alcohol consumption. RESULTS The authors identified 26 loci associated with AUD and 22 loci associated with AUDIT-C score, including ancestry-specific and novel loci. In secondary GWASs that excluded individuals who report abstinence, the authors identified seven additional loci for AUD and eight additional loci for AUDIT-C score. Although the heterogeneity of the abstinent group biases the GWAS findings, unique variance between alcohol consumption and disorder remained after the abstinent group was excluded. Finally, using mediation analysis, the authors identified a set of variants with effects on AUD that are not mediated through alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS Differences in genetic architecture between alcohol consumption and AUD are consistent with their having different biological contributions. Genetic variants with direct effects on AUD are potentially relevant to understanding the transition from heavy alcohol consumption to AUD and may be targets for translational prevention and treatment efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Kember
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Integrated Service Network 4, Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia (Kember, Vickers-Smith, Kranzler); Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry (Kember, Xu, Kranzler) and Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington (Vickers-Smith); Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington (Vickers-Smith); VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (Zhou, Dao, Justice, Gelernter); Department of Psychiatry (Zhou, Gelernter), Department of Genetics (Gelernter), Department of Neuroscience (Gelernter), and Department of Internal Medicine (Justice), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Dao, Justice); Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego (Jennings, Sanchez-Roige); Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Davis, Sanchez-Roige)
| | - Rachel Vickers-Smith
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Integrated Service Network 4, Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia (Kember, Vickers-Smith, Kranzler); Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry (Kember, Xu, Kranzler) and Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington (Vickers-Smith); Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington (Vickers-Smith); VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (Zhou, Dao, Justice, Gelernter); Department of Psychiatry (Zhou, Gelernter), Department of Genetics (Gelernter), Department of Neuroscience (Gelernter), and Department of Internal Medicine (Justice), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Dao, Justice); Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego (Jennings, Sanchez-Roige); Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Davis, Sanchez-Roige)
| | - Hang Zhou
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Integrated Service Network 4, Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia (Kember, Vickers-Smith, Kranzler); Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry (Kember, Xu, Kranzler) and Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington (Vickers-Smith); Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington (Vickers-Smith); VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (Zhou, Dao, Justice, Gelernter); Department of Psychiatry (Zhou, Gelernter), Department of Genetics (Gelernter), Department of Neuroscience (Gelernter), and Department of Internal Medicine (Justice), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Dao, Justice); Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego (Jennings, Sanchez-Roige); Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Davis, Sanchez-Roige)
| | - Heng Xu
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Integrated Service Network 4, Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia (Kember, Vickers-Smith, Kranzler); Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry (Kember, Xu, Kranzler) and Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington (Vickers-Smith); Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington (Vickers-Smith); VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (Zhou, Dao, Justice, Gelernter); Department of Psychiatry (Zhou, Gelernter), Department of Genetics (Gelernter), Department of Neuroscience (Gelernter), and Department of Internal Medicine (Justice), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Dao, Justice); Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego (Jennings, Sanchez-Roige); Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Davis, Sanchez-Roige)
| | - Mariela Jennings
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Integrated Service Network 4, Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia (Kember, Vickers-Smith, Kranzler); Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry (Kember, Xu, Kranzler) and Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington (Vickers-Smith); Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington (Vickers-Smith); VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (Zhou, Dao, Justice, Gelernter); Department of Psychiatry (Zhou, Gelernter), Department of Genetics (Gelernter), Department of Neuroscience (Gelernter), and Department of Internal Medicine (Justice), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Dao, Justice); Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego (Jennings, Sanchez-Roige); Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Davis, Sanchez-Roige)
| | - Cecilia Dao
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Integrated Service Network 4, Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia (Kember, Vickers-Smith, Kranzler); Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry (Kember, Xu, Kranzler) and Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington (Vickers-Smith); Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington (Vickers-Smith); VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (Zhou, Dao, Justice, Gelernter); Department of Psychiatry (Zhou, Gelernter), Department of Genetics (Gelernter), Department of Neuroscience (Gelernter), and Department of Internal Medicine (Justice), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Dao, Justice); Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego (Jennings, Sanchez-Roige); Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Davis, Sanchez-Roige)
| | - Lea Davis
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Integrated Service Network 4, Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia (Kember, Vickers-Smith, Kranzler); Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry (Kember, Xu, Kranzler) and Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington (Vickers-Smith); Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington (Vickers-Smith); VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (Zhou, Dao, Justice, Gelernter); Department of Psychiatry (Zhou, Gelernter), Department of Genetics (Gelernter), Department of Neuroscience (Gelernter), and Department of Internal Medicine (Justice), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Dao, Justice); Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego (Jennings, Sanchez-Roige); Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Davis, Sanchez-Roige)
| | - Sandra Sanchez-Roige
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Integrated Service Network 4, Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia (Kember, Vickers-Smith, Kranzler); Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry (Kember, Xu, Kranzler) and Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington (Vickers-Smith); Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington (Vickers-Smith); VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (Zhou, Dao, Justice, Gelernter); Department of Psychiatry (Zhou, Gelernter), Department of Genetics (Gelernter), Department of Neuroscience (Gelernter), and Department of Internal Medicine (Justice), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Dao, Justice); Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego (Jennings, Sanchez-Roige); Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Davis, Sanchez-Roige)
| | - Amy C Justice
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Integrated Service Network 4, Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia (Kember, Vickers-Smith, Kranzler); Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry (Kember, Xu, Kranzler) and Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington (Vickers-Smith); Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington (Vickers-Smith); VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (Zhou, Dao, Justice, Gelernter); Department of Psychiatry (Zhou, Gelernter), Department of Genetics (Gelernter), Department of Neuroscience (Gelernter), and Department of Internal Medicine (Justice), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Dao, Justice); Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego (Jennings, Sanchez-Roige); Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Davis, Sanchez-Roige)
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Integrated Service Network 4, Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia (Kember, Vickers-Smith, Kranzler); Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry (Kember, Xu, Kranzler) and Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington (Vickers-Smith); Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington (Vickers-Smith); VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (Zhou, Dao, Justice, Gelernter); Department of Psychiatry (Zhou, Gelernter), Department of Genetics (Gelernter), Department of Neuroscience (Gelernter), and Department of Internal Medicine (Justice), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Dao, Justice); Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego (Jennings, Sanchez-Roige); Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Davis, Sanchez-Roige)
| | - Marijana Vujkovic
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Integrated Service Network 4, Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia (Kember, Vickers-Smith, Kranzler); Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry (Kember, Xu, Kranzler) and Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington (Vickers-Smith); Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington (Vickers-Smith); VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (Zhou, Dao, Justice, Gelernter); Department of Psychiatry (Zhou, Gelernter), Department of Genetics (Gelernter), Department of Neuroscience (Gelernter), and Department of Internal Medicine (Justice), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Dao, Justice); Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego (Jennings, Sanchez-Roige); Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Davis, Sanchez-Roige)
| | - Henry R Kranzler
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Integrated Service Network 4, Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia (Kember, Vickers-Smith, Kranzler); Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry (Kember, Xu, Kranzler) and Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington (Vickers-Smith); Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington (Vickers-Smith); VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (Zhou, Dao, Justice, Gelernter); Department of Psychiatry (Zhou, Gelernter), Department of Genetics (Gelernter), Department of Neuroscience (Gelernter), and Department of Internal Medicine (Justice), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (Dao, Justice); Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego (Jennings, Sanchez-Roige); Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. (Davis, Sanchez-Roige)
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11
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Saraiva SM, Jacinto TA, Gonçalves AC, Gaspar D, Silva LR. Overview of Caffeine Effects on Human Health and Emerging Delivery Strategies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1067. [PMID: 37630983 PMCID: PMC10459237 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is a naturally occurring alkaloid found in various plants. It acts as a stimulant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and even an aid in pain management, and is found in several over-the-counter medications. This naturally derived bioactive compound is the best-known ingredient in coffee and other beverages, such as tea, soft drinks, and energy drinks, and is widely consumed worldwide. Therefore, it is extremely important to research the effects of this substance on the human body. With this in mind, caffeine and its derivatives have been extensively studied to evaluate its ability to prevent diseases and exert anti-aging and neuroprotective effects. This review is intended to provide an overview of caffeine's effects on cancer and cardiovascular, immunological, inflammatory, and neurological diseases, among others. The heavily researched area of caffeine in sports will also be discussed. Finally, recent advances in the development of novel nanocarrier-based formulations, to enhance the bioavailability of caffeine and its beneficial effects will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia M. Saraiva
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG, Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Research Unit for Inland Development (UDI), Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; (S.M.S.); (T.A.J.)
| | - Telma A. Jacinto
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG, Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Research Unit for Inland Development (UDI), Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; (S.M.S.); (T.A.J.)
| | - Ana C. Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
| | - Dário Gaspar
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG, Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Research Unit for Inland Development (UDI), Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; (S.M.S.); (T.A.J.)
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II—Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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12
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Liu M, Yang S, Ye Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, He P, Zhou C, Hou FF, Qin X. Tea Consumption and New-Onset Acute Kidney Injury: The Effects of Milk or Sweeteners Addition and Caffeine/Coffee. Nutrients 2023; 15:2201. [PMID: 37432322 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: To explore the relationship between tea consumption and the risk of incident acute kidney injury (AKI) and examine the effects of coffee consumption, genetic variation in caffeine metabolism, and the use of tea additives (milk and sweeteners) on this association. Methods: Using data from the UK Biobank, 498,621 participants who were free of AKI and had information on tea intake were included. Black tea is the main type consumed in this population. Dietary information was collected from standardized and validated Food-Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Outcome was incident AKI, determined via primary care data, hospital inpatient data, death register records, or self-reported data at follow-up visits. Results: After a median follow-up period of 12.0 years, 21,202 participants occurred AKI. Overall, there was a reversed J-shaped relation between tea consumption and incident AKI, with an inflection point at 3.5 cup/d (p for nonlinearity < 0.001). The relation was similar among participants with different genetically predicted caffeine metabolism (p-interaction = 0.684), while a more obvious positive association was found between heavy tea consumption and AKI when more coffee was consumed (p-interaction < 0.001). Meanwhile, there was a reversed J-shaped relationship for drinking tea with neither milk nor sweeteners, and a L-shaped association for drinking tea with milk (with or without sweeteners) with incident AKI. However, no significant association was found between drinking tea with sweeteners only and incident AKI. Conclusions: There was a reversed J-shaped relation between tea consumption and incident AKI, suggesting that light to moderate tea consumption, especially adding milk, can be part of a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Sisi Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ziliang Ye
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Panpan He
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chun Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fan Fan Hou
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xianhui Qin
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Wang Y, Liu YF, Wei MY, Zhang CY, Chen JD, Yao MZ, Chen L, Jin JQ. Deeply functional identification of TCS1 alleles provides efficient technical paths for low-caffeine breeding of tea plants. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhac279. [PMID: 36793757 PMCID: PMC9926157 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine is an important functional component in tea, which has the effect of excitement and nerve stimulation, but excessive intake can cause insomnia and dysphoria. Therefore, the production of tea with low-caffeine content can meet the consumption needs of certain people. Here, in addition to the previous alleles of the tea caffeine synthase (TCS1) gene, a new allele (TCS1h) from tea germplasms was identified. Results of in vitro activity analysis showed that TCS1h had both theobromine synthase (TS) and caffeine synthase (CS) activities. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments of TCS1a, TCS1c, and TCS1h demonstrated that apart from the 225th amino acid residue, the 269th amino acid also determined the CS activity. GUS histochemical analysis and dual-luciferase assay indicated the low promoter activity of TCS1e and TCS1f. In parallel, insertion and deletion mutations in large fragments of alleles and experiments of site-directed mutagenesis identified a key cis-acting element (G-box). Furthermore, it was found that the contents of purine alkaloids were related to the expression of corresponding functional genes and alleles, and the absence or presence and level of gene expression determined the content of purine alkaloids in tea plants to a certain extent. In summary, we concluded TCS1 alleles into three types with different functions and proposed a strategy to effectively enhance low-caffeine tea germplasms in breeding practices. This research provided an applicable technical avenue for accelerating the cultivation of specific low-caffeine tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Meng-Yuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Jie-Dan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Ming-Zhe Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
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Larsson SC, Woolf B, Gill D. Appraisal of the causal effect of plasma caffeine on adiposity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease: two sample mendelian randomisation study. BMJ MEDICINE 2023; 2:1-8. [PMID: 36936261 PMCID: PMC9978685 DOI: 10.1136/bmjmed-2022-000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the potential causal effects of long term plasma caffeine concentrations on adiposity, type 2 diabetes, and major cardiovascular diseases. Design Two sample mendelian randomisation study. Setting Genome-wide association study summary data for associations of two single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with plasma caffeine at the genome-wide significance threshold (rs2472297 near the CYP1A2 gene and rs4410790 near the AHR gene) and their association with the outcomes. Participants Primarily individuals of European ancestry participating in cohorts contributing to genome-wide association study consortia. Main outcome measures Outcomes studied were body mass index, whole body fat mass, whole body fat-free mass, type 2 diabetes, ischaemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and stroke. Results Higher genetically predicted plasma caffeine concentrations were associated with lower body mass index (beta -0.08 standard deviation (SD) (95% confidence interval -0.10 to -0.06), where 1 SD equals about 4.8 kg/m2 in body mass index, for every standard deviation increase in plasma caffeine) and whole body fat mass (beta -0.06 SD (-0.08 to -0.04), 1 SD equals about 9.5 kg; P<0.001) but not fat-free mass (beta -0.01 SD (-0.02 to -0.00), 1 SD equals about 11.5 kg; P=0.17). Higher genetically predicted plasma caffeine concentrations were associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes in two consortia (FinnGen and DIAMANTE), with a combined odds ratio of 0.81 ((95% confidence interval 0.74 to 0.89); P<0.001). Approximately half (43%; 95% confidence interval 30% to 61%) of the effect of caffeine on type 2 diabetes was estimated to be mediated through body mass index reduction. No strong associations were reported between genetically predicted plasma caffeine concentrations and a risk of any of the studied cardiovascular diseases. Conclusions Higher plasma caffeine concentrations might reduce adiposity and risk of type 2 diabetes. Further clinical study is warranted to investigate the translational potential of these findings towards reducing the burden of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna C Larsson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Woolf
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Chief Scientific Advisor Office, Research and Early Development, Novo Nordisk, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Yuan S, Chen J, Vujkovic M, Chang KM, Li X, Larsson SC, Gill D. Effects of metabolic traits, lifestyle factors, and pharmacological interventions on liver fat: mendelian randomisation study. BMJ MEDICINE 2022; 1:e000277. [PMID: 36936593 PMCID: PMC9978690 DOI: 10.1136/bmjmed-2022-000277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of metabolic traits, lifestyle factors, and drug interventions on liver fat using the mendelian randomisation paradigm. Design Mendelian randomisation study. Setting Publicly available summary level data from genome-wide association studies. Participants Genome-wide association studies of 32 974 to 1 407 282 individuals who were predominantly of European descent. Exposures Genetic variants predicting nine metabolic traits, six lifestyle factors, four lipid lowering drug targets, three antihypertensive drug targets, and genetic association estimates formagnetic resonance imaging measured liver fat. Main outcome measures Mendelian randomisation analysis was used to investigate the effects of these exposures on liver fat, incorporating sensitivity analyses that relaxed the requisite modelling assumptions. Results Genetically predicted liability to obesity, type 2 diabetes, elevated blood pressure, elevated triglyceride levels, cigarette smoking, and sedentary time watching television were associated with higher levels of liver fat. Genetically predicted lipid lowering drug effects were not associated with liver fat; however, β blocker and calcium channel blocker antihypertensive drug effects were associated with lower levels of liver fat. Conclusion These analyses provide evidence of a causal effect of various metabolic traits, lifestyle factors, and drug targets on liver fat. The findings complement existing epidemiological associations, further provide mechanistic insight, and potentially supports a role for drug interventions in reducing the burden of hepatic steatosis and related disease. Further clinical study is now warranted to investigate the relevance of these genetic analyses for patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jie Chen
- Centre for Global Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Marijana Vujkovic
- Corporal Michael J Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Corporal Michael J Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xue Li
- Centre for Global Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Chief Scientific Advisor Office, Research and Early Development, Novo Nordisk, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, UK
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16
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Sun Y, Cao X, Cao D, Cui Y, Su K, Jia Z, Wu Y, Jiang J. Genetic estimation of correlations and causalities between multifaceted modifiable factors and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1009122. [PMID: 36386930 PMCID: PMC9663808 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1009122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a common gastrointestinal dysfunction that significantly affects the quality of daily life, and health interventions are challenging to prevent the risk of GORD. In this study, we used Mendelian randomization framework to genetically determine the causal associations between multifaceted modifiable factors and the risk of GORD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-six exposures with available instrumental variables (IVs) across 6 modifiable pathways were included in the univariable MR analysis (UVMR). Summary-level genome-wide association studies (GWAS) datasets for GORD were retrieved from the Neale Lab (GORD Neale , Ncases = 29975, Ncontrols = 390556) and FinnGen (GORD Finn , Ncases = 13141, Ncontrols = 89695). Using the METAL software, meta-analysis for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from GORD Neale and GORD Finn was conducted with an inverse variance weighted (IVW) fixed-effect model. Moreover, we leveraged partition around medoids (PAM) clustering algorithm to cluster genetic correlation subtypes, whose hub exposures were conditioned for multivariable MR (MVMR) analyses. P-values were adjusted with Bonferroni multiple comparisons. RESULTS Significant causal associations were identified between 26 exposures (15 risk exposures and 11 protective exposures) and the risk of GORD. Among them, 13 risk exposures [lifetime smoking, cigarette consumption, insomnia, short sleep, leisure sedentary behavior (TV watching), body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, whole body fat mass, visceral adipose tissue, waist circumference, hip circumference, major depressive disorder, and anxious feeling], and 10 protective exposures (leisure sedentary behavior (computer use), sitting height, hand grip strength (left and right), birth weight, life satisfaction, positive affect, income, educational attainment, and intelligence) showed novel significant causal associations with the risk of GORD. Moreover, 13 exposures still demonstrated independent associations with the risk of GORD following MVMR analyses conditioned for hub exposures (educational attainment, smoking initiation and BMI). In addition, 12 exposures showed suggestive causal associations with the risk of GORD. CONCLUSION This study systematically elucidated the modifiable factors causally associated with the risk of GORD from multifaceted perspectives, which provided implications for prevention and treatment of GORD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlin Sun
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xueyuan Cao
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Donghui Cao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yingnan Cui
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Kaisheng Su
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhifang Jia
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yanhua Wu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China,*Correspondence: Jing Jiang,
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17
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Bai Y, Zhang M, Cui H, Shan X, Gu D, Wang Y, Tang M, Wang X, Jiang X, Zhang B. Addictive behavior and incident gallstone disease: A dose-response meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:940689. [PMID: 36299995 PMCID: PMC9589252 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.940689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have suggested associations between addictive behavior and gallstone disease (GSD) risk, yet conflicting results exist. It also remains unclear whether this association is causal or due to confounding or reverse associations. The present study aims to systematically analyze the epidemiological evidence for these associations, as well as estimate the potential causal relationships using Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods We analyzed four common addictive behaviors, including cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, coffee, and tea consumption (N = 126,906–4,584,729 participants) in this meta-analysis based on longitudinal studies. The two-sample MR was conducted using summary data from genome-wide associations with European ancestry (up to 1.2 million individuals). Results An observational association of GSD risk was identified for smoking [RR: 1.17 (95% CI: 1.06–1.29)], drinking alcohol [0.84 (0.78–0.91)], consuming coffee [0.86 (0.79–0.93)], and tea [1.08 (1.04–1.12)]. Also, there was a linear relationship between smoking (pack-years), alcohol drinking (days per week), coffee consumption (cups per day), and GSD risk. Our MRs supported a causality of GSD incidence with lifetime smoking [1.008 (1.003–1.013), P = 0.001], current smoking [1.007 (1.002–1.011), P = 0.004], problematic alcohol use (PAU) [1.014 (1.001–1.026), P = 0.029], decaffeinated coffee intake (1.127 [1.043–1.217], P = 0.002), as well as caffeine-metabolism [0.997 (0.995–0.999), P = 0.013], and tea consumption [0.990 (0.982–0.997), P = 0.008], respectively. Conclusion Our study suggests cigarette smoking, alcohol abuse, and decaffeinated coffee are causal risk factors for GSD, whereas tea consumption can decrease the risk of gallstones due to the effect of caffeine metabolism or polyphenol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Bai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huijie Cui
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuefeng Shan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongqing Gu
- Division of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingshuang Tang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Xin Wang,
| | - Xia Jiang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden,Xia Jiang,
| | - Ben Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Ben Zhang,
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18
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Zhong H, Wang Y, Qu FR, Wei MY, Zhang CY, Liu HR, Chen L, Yao MZ, Jin JQ. A novel TcS allele conferring the high-theacrine and low-caffeine traits and having potential use in tea plant breeding. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac191. [PMID: 36338849 PMCID: PMC9630966 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Theacrine (1,3,7,9-tetramethyluric acid) is a natural product with remarkable pharmacological activities such as antidepressant, sedative and hypnotic activities, while caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) has certain side effects to special populations. Hence, breeding tea plants with high theacrine and low caffeine will increase tea health benefits and promote consumption. In this study, we construct an F1 population by crossing 'Zhongcha 302' (theacrine-free) and a tea germplasm 'Ruyuan Kucha' (RY, theacrine-rich) to identify the causal gene for accumulating theacrine. The results showed that the content of theacrine was highly negatively correlated with caffeine (R2 > 0.9). Bulked segregant RNA sequencing analysis, molecular markers and gene expression analysis indicated that the theacrine synthase (TcS) gene was the candidate gene. The TcS was located in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and the theacrine can be detected in stably genetic transformed tobacco by feeding the substrate 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid. Moreover, an in vitro enzyme activity experiment revealed that the 241st amino acid residue was the key residue. Besides, we amplified the promoter region in several tea accessions with varied theacrine levels, and found a 234-bp deletion and a 271-bp insertion in RY. Both GUS histochemical analysis and dual-luciferase assay showed that TcS promoter activity in RY was relatively high. Lastly, we developed a molecular marker that is co-segregate with high-theacrine individuals in RY's offspring. These results demonstrate that the novel TcS allele in RY results in the high-theacrine and low-caffeine traits and the developed functional marker will facilitate the breeding of characteristic tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Meng-Yuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Hao-Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
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Saimaiti A, Zhou DD, Li J, Xiong RG, Gan RY, Huang SY, Shang A, Zhao CN, Li HY, Li HB. Dietary sources, health benefits, and risks of caffeine. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9648-9666. [PMID: 35574653 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2074362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dietary intake of caffeine has significantly increased in recent years, and beneficial and harmful effects of caffeine have been extensively studied. This paper reviews antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of caffeine as well as its protective effects on cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes mellitus, cancers, and neurodegenerative and liver diseases. In addition, we summarize the side effects of long-term or excessive caffeine consumption on sleep, migraine, intraocular pressure, pregnant women, children, and adolescents. The health benefits of caffeine depend on the amount of caffeine intake and the physical condition of consumers. Moderate intake of caffeine helps to prevent and modulate several diseases. However, the long-term or over-consumption of caffeine can lead to addiction, insomnia, migraine, and other side effects. In addition, children, adolescents, pregnant women, and people who are sensitive to caffeine should be recommended to restrict/reduce their intake to avoid potential adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adila Saimaiti
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- School of Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ruo-Gu Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Si-Yu Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ao Shang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cai-Ning Zhao
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hang-Yu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Wang X, Jia J, Huang T. Coffee Types and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Large-Scale Cross-Phenotype Association Study and Mendelian Randomization Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:818831. [PMID: 35222278 PMCID: PMC8873575 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.818831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore whether coffee intake is associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from a genetic perspective, and whether this association remains the same among different types of coffee consumers. METHODS We utilized the summary-level results of 12 genome-wide association studies. First, we used linkage disequilibrium score regression and cross-phenotype association analysis to estimate the genetic correlation and identify shared genes between coffee intake and T2DM in addition to some other T2DM-related phenotypes. Second, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to test whether there is a significant genetically predicted causal association between coffee intake and the risk of T2DM or other T2DM-related phenotypes. For all the analyses above, we also conducted a separate analysis for different types of coffee consumers, in addition to total coffee intake. RESULTS Genetically, choice for ground coffee was significantly negatively associated with the risk of T2DM and some other related risks. While coffee intake and choice for decaffeinated/instant coffee had significant positive correlation with these risks. Between these genetically related phenotypes, there were 1571 genomic shared regions, of which 134 loci were novel. Enrichment analysis showed that these shared genes were significantly enriched in antigen processing related biological processes. MR analysis indicated that higher genetically proxied choice for ground coffee can reduce the risk of T2DM (T2DM: b: -0.2, p-value: 4.70×10-10; T2DM adjusted for body mass index (BMI): b: -0.11, p-value: 4.60×10-5), and BMI (b: -0.08, p-value: 6.50×10-5). CONCLUSIONS Compared with other types of coffee, ground coffee has a significant negative genetic and genetically predicated causal relationship with the risk of T2DM. And this association is likely to be mediated by immunity. The effect of different coffee types on T2DM is not equal, researchers on coffee should pay more attention to distinguishing between coffee types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpei Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhu Jia
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jinzhu Jia, ; Tao Huang,
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jinzhu Jia, ; Tao Huang,
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21
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Manolis AA, Manolis TA, Apostolopoulos EJ, Melita H, Manolis AS. The Cardiovascular Benefits of Caffeinated Beverages: Real or Surreal? /"Metron Ariston - All in Moderation". Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2235-2260. [PMID: 34238147 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210708091709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Caffeinated beverages are the most widely consumed beverages globally with coffee and tea as the two most prominent sources of caffeine. Caffeine content varies across different types of beverages. In addition to caffeine, coffee and tea have other biologically active compounds, and all may affect general and cardiovascular (CV) health. Moderate caffeine consumption (<300-400 mg/day), regardless of the source, is considered safe by both European and US Health Authorities, as it is not associated with adverse health and CV effects, while it may confer certain health benefits. There is a nonlinear association between coffee ingestion and CV risk; moderate coffee drinking is inversely significantly associated with CV risk, with the highest benefit at 2-4 cups per day, while heavy coffee drinking might confer increased risk. With regards to tea, due to a lower caffeine content per serving, its consumption is only limited by the total caffeine daily intake. Both these caffeinated beverages, coffee and tea, have additional phenolic compounds, with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which confer cardioprotective benefits. Of the several coffee compounds, chloroacetic acids and melanoidins offer such beneficial effects, while diterpenes may have unfavorable effects on lipids. Most of the tea ingredients (polyphenols) are cardioprotective. A major concern relates to energy drinks with their much higher caffeine content which puts individuals, especially adolescents and young adults, at high health and CV risk. All these issues are herein discussed, including pertinent studies and meta-analyses, pathogenetic mechanisms involved and relevant recommendations from health authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Antonis S Manolis
- First Department of Cardiology, Athens University School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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22
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Kolb H, Martin S, Kempf K. Coffee and Lower Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Arguments for a Causal Relationship. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041144. [PMID: 33807132 PMCID: PMC8066601 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospective epidemiological studies concur in an association between habitual coffee consumption and a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Several aspects of these studies support a cause–effect relationship. There is a dependency on daily coffee dose. Study outcomes are similar in different regions of the world, show no differences between sexes, between obese versus lean, young versus old, smokers versus nonsmokers, regardless of the number of confounders adjusted for. Randomized controlled intervention trials did not find a consistent impact of drinking coffee on acute metabolic control, except for effects of caffeine. Therefore, lowering of diabetes risk by coffee consumption does not involve an acute effect on the post-meal course of blood glucose, insulin or insulin resistance. Several studies in animals and humans find that the ingestion of coffee phytochemicals induces an adaptive cellular response characterized by upregulation and de novo synthesis of enzymes involved in cell defense and repair. A key regulator is the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in association with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, AMP-activated kinase and sirtuins. One major site of coffee actions appears to be the liver, causing improved fat oxidation and lower risk of steatosis. Another major effect of coffee intake is preservation of functional beta cell mass via enhanced mitochondrial function, lower endoplasmic reticulum stress and prevention or clearance of aggregates of misfolded proinsulin or amylin. Long-term preservation of proper liver and beta cell function may account for the association of habitual coffee drinking with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, rather than acute improvement of metabolic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Kolb
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (H.K.); (S.M.)
- West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Duesseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Hohensandweg 37, 40591 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephan Martin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (H.K.); (S.M.)
- West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Duesseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Hohensandweg 37, 40591 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kempf
- West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Duesseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Hohensandweg 37, 40591 Duesseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-211-566036016
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Selected Literature Watch. J Caffeine Adenosine Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1089/caff.2021.29019.slw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Said MA, van de Vegte YJ, Verweij N, van der Harst P. Associations of Observational and Genetically Determined Caffeine Intake With Coronary Artery Disease and Diabetes Mellitus. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e016808. [PMID: 33287642 PMCID: PMC7955399 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychostimulant and is associated with lower risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, whether these associations are causal remains unknown. This study aimed to identify genetic variants associated with caffeine intake, and to investigate evidence for causal links with CAD or T2DM. In addition, we aimed to replicate previous observational findings. Methods and Results Observational associations were tested within UK Biobank using Cox regression analyses. Moderate observational caffeine intakes from coffee or tea were associated with lower risks of CAD or T2DM, with the lowest risks at intakes of 121 to 180 mg/day from coffee for CAD (hazard ratio [HR], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.73–0.82; P<1×10−16]), and 301 to 360 mg/day for T2DM (HR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.67–0.86]; P=1.57×10−5). Next, genome‐wide association studies were performed on self‐reported caffeine intake from coffee, tea, or both in 407 072 UK Biobank participants. These analyses identified 51 novel genetic variants associated with caffeine intake at P<1.67×10−8. These loci were enriched for central nervous system genes. However, in contrast to the observational analyses, 2‐sample Mendelian randomization analyses using the identified loci in independent disease‐specific cohorts yielded no evidence for causal links between genetically determined caffeine intake and the development of CAD or T2DM. Conclusions Mendelian randomization analyses indicate genetically determined higher caffeine intake might not protect against CAD or T2DM, despite protective associations in observational analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abdullah Said
- Department of Cardiology University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of Groningen Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Yordi J van de Vegte
- Department of Cardiology University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of Groningen Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of Groningen Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of Groningen Groningen the Netherlands.,Division of Heart and Lungs Department of Cardiology University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht the Netherlands
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