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Liu S, Luo X, Chong JSX, Jiaerken Y, Youn SH, Zhang M, Zhou JH. Brain structure, amyloid, and behavioral features for predicting clinical progression in subjective cognitive decline. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26765. [PMID: 38958401 PMCID: PMC11220833 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
As a potential preclinical stage of Alzheimer's dementia, subjective cognitive decline (SCD) reveals a higher risk of future cognitive decline and conversion to dementia. However, it has not been clear whether SCD status increases the clinical progression of older adults in the context of amyloid deposition, cerebrovascular disease (CeVD), and psychiatric symptoms. We identified 99 normal controls (NC), 15 SCD individuals who developed mild cognitive impairment in the next 2 years (P-SCD), and 54 SCD individuals who did not (S-SCD) from ADNI database with both baseline and 2-year follow-up data. Total white matter hyperintensity (WMH), WMH in deep (DWMH) and periventricular (PWMH) regions, and voxel-wise grey matter volumes were compared among groups. Furthermore, using structural equation modelling method, we constructed path models to explore SCD-related brain changes longitudinally and to determine whether baseline SCD status, age, and depressive symptoms affect participants' clinical outcomes. Both SCD groups showed higher baseline amyloid PET SUVR, baseline PWMH volumes, and larger increase of PWMH volumes over time than NC. In contrast, only P-SCD had higher baseline DWMH volumes and larger increase of DWMH volumes over time than NC. No longitudinal differences in grey matter volume and amyloid was observed among NC, S-SCD, and P-SCD. Our path models demonstrated that SCD status contributed to future WMH progression. Further, baseline SCD status increases the risk of future cognitive decline, mediated by PWMH; baseline depressive symptoms directly contribute to clinical outcomes. In conclusion, both S-SCD and P-SCD exhibited more severe CeVD than NC. The CeVD burden increase was more pronounced in P-SCD. In contrast with the direct association of depressive symptoms with dementia severity progression, the effects of SCD status on future cognitive decline may manifest via CeVD pathologies. Our work highlights the importance of multi-modal longitudinal designs in understanding the SCD trajectory heterogeneity, paving the way for stratification and early intervention in the preclinical stage. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Both S-SCD and P-SCD exhibited more severe CeVD at baseline and a larger increase of CeVD burden compared to NC, while the burden was more pronounced in P-SCD. Baseline SCD status increases the risk of future PWMH and DWMH volume accumulation, mediated by baseline PWMH and DWMH volumes, respectively. Baseline SCD status increases the risk of future cognitive decline, mediated by baseline PWMH, while baseline depression status directly contributes to clinical outcome.
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Grants
- U01 AG024904 NIA NIH HHS
- W81XWH-12-2-0012 DoD Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (Department of Defense)
- A20G8b0102 Research, Innovation and Enterprise (RIE) 2020 Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering (AME) Programmatic Fund (Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore)
- NMRC/OFLCG19May-0035 National Medical Research Council, Singapore
- NMRC/CIRG/1485/2018 National Medical Research Council, Singapore
- NMRC/CSA-SI/0007/2016 National Medical Research Council, Singapore
- NMRC/MOH-00707-01 National Medical Research Council, Singapore
- NMRC/CG/435M009/2017-NUH/NUHS National Medical Research Council, Singapore
- CIRG21nov-0007 National Medical Research Council, Singapore
- HLCA23Feb-0004 National Medical Research Council, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine Research Core Funding (National University of Singapore, Singapore)
- 82271936 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 2022ZQ057 Zhejiang Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine - Youth Talent Fund Project
- MOE-T2EP40120-0007 Ministry of Education, Singapore
- T2EP2-0223-0025 Ministry of Education, Singapore
- MOE-T2EP20220-0001 Ministry of Education, Singapore
- Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (National Institutes of Health)
- DoD Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (Department of Defense)
- National Medical Research Council, Singapore
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Ministry of Education, Singapore
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Liu
- Centre for Sleep and CognitionCentre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Human Potential Translational Research ProgramDepartment of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Joanna Su Xian Chong
- Centre for Sleep and CognitionCentre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Human Potential Translational Research ProgramDepartment of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Yeerfan Jiaerken
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Shim Hee Youn
- Centre for Sleep and CognitionCentre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Human Potential Translational Research ProgramDepartment of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Juan Helen Zhou
- Centre for Sleep and CognitionCentre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Human Potential Translational Research ProgramDepartment of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringIntegrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), NUS Graduate SchoolNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
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Gao H, Liu X, Venkat P, Findeis E, Zacharek A, Powell B, Mccann M, Kim H, Zhang Z, Chopp M. Treatment of vascular dementia in female rats with AV-001, an Angiopoietin-1 mimetic peptide, improves cognitive function. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1408205. [PMID: 39050669 PMCID: PMC11266070 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1408205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular dementia (VaD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder. We previously found that treatment of VaD in middle-aged male rats subjected to multiple microinfarction (MMI) with AV-001, a Tie2 receptor agonist, significantly improves cognitive function. Age and sex affect the development and response of VaD to therapeutic intervention. Thus, the present study investigated the therapeutic effect of AV-001 on VaD in aged female rats subjected to MMI. Methods Female 18-month-old Wistar rats were subjected to MMI by injecting either 1,000 (low dose, LD-MMI) or 6,000 (high dose, HD-MMI) cholesterol crystals of size 70-100 μm into the right internal carotid artery. AV-001 (1 μg/Kg, i.p.) was administered once daily after MMI for 1 month, with treatment initiated 1 day after MMI. A battery of behavioral tests to examine sensorimotor and cognitive functions was performed at 21-28 days after MMI. All rats were sacrificed at 1 month after MMI. Results Aged female rats subjected to LD-MMI exhibit severe neurological deficits, memory impairment, and significant white matter (WM) and oligodendrogenesis injury in the corpus callosum compared with control rats. HD-MMI in aged female rats induces significant anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, which were not detected in LD-MMI aged female rats. Also, HD-MMI induces significantly increased WM injury compared to LD-MMI. AV-001 treatment of LD-MMI and HD-MMI increases oligodendrogenesis, myelin and axon density in the corpus callosum and striatal WM bundles, promotes WM integrity and attenuates neurological and cognitive deficits. Additionally, both LD-MMI and HD-MMI rats exhibit a significant increase, while AV-001 significantly decreases the levels of inflammatory factors in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Conclusion MMI reduces oligodendrogenesis, and induces demyelination, axonal injury and WM injury, and causes memory impairment, while HD-MMI induces increased WM injury and further depression-like behaviors compared to LD-MMI rats. AV-001 has a therapeutic effect on aged female rats with MMI by reducing WM damage and improving neuro-cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanjia Gao
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Xianshuang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Poornima Venkat
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Elizabeth Findeis
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Alex Zacharek
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Brianna Powell
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Mikkala Mccann
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Harold Kim
- Vasomune Therapeutics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhenggang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
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Jearjaroen P, Thangwong P, Tocharus C, Chaichompoo W, Suksamrarn A, Tocharus J. Hexahydrocurcumin attenuated demyelination and improved cognitive impairment in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1531-1544. [PMID: 38153537 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Age-related white matter lesions (WML) frequently present vascular problems by decreasing cerebral blood supply, resulting in the condition known as chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). This study aimed to investigate the effect of hexahydrocurcumin (HHC) on the processes of demyelination and remyelination induced by the model of the Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion (BCCAO) for 29 days to mimic the CCH condition. The pathological appearance of myelin integrity was significantly altered by CCH, as evidenced by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Luxol Fast Blue (LFB) staining. In addition, CCH activated A1-astrocytes and reactive-microglia by increasing the expression of Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), complement 3 (C3d) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, S100a10 expression, a marker of neuroprotective astrocytes, was suppressed, as were regenerative factors including (IGF-1) and Transglutaminase 2 (TGM2). Therefore, the maturation step was obstructed as shown by decreases in the levels of myelin basic protein (MBP) and the proteins related with lipid synthesis. Cognitive function was therefore impaired in the CCH model, as evidenced by the Morris water maze test. By contrast, HHC treatment significantly improved myelin integrity, and inhibited A1-astrocytes and reactive-microglial activity. Consequently, pro-inflammatory cytokines and A1-astrocytes were attenuated, and regenerative factors increased assisting myelin maturation and hence improving cognitive performance. In conclusion, HHC improves cognitive function and also the integrity of white matter in CCH rats by reducing demyelination, and pro-inflammatory cytokine production and promoting the process of remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranglada Jearjaroen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Phakkawat Thangwong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chainarong Tocharus
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chianqg Mai, Thailand
| | - Waraluck Chaichompoo
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Apichart Suksamrarn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Tocharus
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Functional Food Research Center for Well-Being, Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Nam KW, Kwon HM, Jeong HY, Park JH, Min K. Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is associated with cerebral small vessel diseases. BMC Neurol 2024; 24:18. [PMID: 38178033 PMCID: PMC10765827 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03524-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is a major pathological mechanism underlying cerebrovascular disease. Recently, a new inflammatory marker based on the ratio between monocyte count and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol has been proposed. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between monocyte-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (MHR) and cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) lesions in health check-up participants. METHODS This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study based on a registry that prospectively collected health check-up participants between 2006 and 2013. Three cSVD subtypes were measured on brain magnetic resonance imaging. White matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume, and lacunes and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) were quantitatively and qualitatively measured, respectively. The MHR was calculated according to the following formula: MHR = monocyte counts (× 103/μL) / HDL cholesterol (mmol/L). RESULTS In total, 3,144 participants were evaluated (mean age: 56 years, male sex: 53.9%). In multivariable analyzes adjusting for confounders, MHR was significantly associated with WMH volume [β = 0.099, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.025 to 0.174], lacune [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.07-1.91], and CMB (aOR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.03-2.19). In addition, MHR showed a positive quantitative relationship with cSVD burden across all three subtypes: WMH (P < 0.001), lacunes (P < 0.001), and CMBs (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS High MHR was closely associated with cSVD in health check-up participants. Because these associations appear across all cSVD subtypes, inflammation appears to be a major pathological mechanism in the development of various cSVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Woong Nam
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, 20 Boramae-Ro 5-Gil, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 07061, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, 20 Boramae-Ro 5-Gil, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 07061, South Korea.
| | - Han-Yeong Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
| | - Kyungha Min
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
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Ning JW, Zang CX, Shang MY, Bao XQ, Zhang D. Natural products and their derivatives alleviating cerebral white matter lesions. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2024; 26:146-153. [PMID: 38419338 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2024.2301988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
White matter lesions (WMLs), characterized by focal demyelination or myelination disorders, are commonly present in cerebral small vessel disease and various neurological diseases. Multiple etiologies lead to WMLs. However, there is no specific therapy or effective drugs for relieving WMLs. Natural products and their derivatives originate from bacterial, fungal, plant, and marine animal sources, many of which have multiple therapeutic targets. Compared to single target compounds, natural products and their derivatives are promising to be developed as better drugs to attenuate WMLs. Thus, this review attempts to summarize the status of natural products and their derivatives (2010-to date) alleviating cerebral white matter lesions for the discovery of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Cai-Xia Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mei-Yu Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiu-Qi Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Xu SX, Xie XH, Yao L, Wang W, Zhang H, Chen MM, Sun S, Nie ZW, Nagy C, Liu Z. Human in vivo evidence of reduced astrocyte activation and neuroinflammation in patients with treatment-resistant depression following electroconvulsive therapy. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 77:653-664. [PMID: 37675893 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The current study aimed to investigate the neuroinflammatory hypothesis of depression and the potential anti-inflammatory effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in vivo, utilizing astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (ADEVs) isolated from plasma. METHODS A total of 40 patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and 35 matched healthy controls were recruited at baseline, and 34 patients with TRD completed the post-ECT visits. Blood samples were collected at baseline and post-ECT. Plasma ADEVs were isolated and confirmed, and the concentrations of two astrocyte markers (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP] and S100β), an extracellular vesicle marker cluster of differentiation 81 (CD81), and nine inflammatory markers in ADEVs were measured as main analyses. In addition, correlation analysis was conducted between clinical features and ADEV protein levels as exploratory analysis. RESULTS At baseline, the TRD group exhibited significantly higher levels of two astrocyte markers GFAP and S100β, as well as CD81 compared with the healthy controls. Inflammatory markers interferon γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-4, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α, IL-10, and IL-17A were also significantly higher in the TRD group. After ECT, there was a significant reduction in the levels of GFAP, S100β, and CD81, along with a significant decrease in the levels of IFN-γ and IL-4. Furthermore, higher levels of GFAP, S100β, CD81, and inflammatory cytokines were associated with more severe depressive symptoms and poorer cognitive function. CONCLUSION This study provides direct insight supporting the astrocyte activation and neuroinflammatory hypothesis of depression using ADEVs. ECT may exert an anti-inflammatory effect through inhibition of such activation of astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xian Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin-Hui Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lihua Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Honghan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mian-Mian Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Siqi Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhao-Wen Nie
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Corina Nagy
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Gao H, Findeis EL, Culmone L, Powell B, Landschoot-Ward J, Zacharek A, Wu T, Lu M, Chopp M, Venkat P. Early therapeutic effects of an Angiopoietin-1 mimetic peptide in middle-aged rats with vascular dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1180913. [PMID: 37304071 PMCID: PMC10248134 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1180913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular Dementia (VaD) refers to dementia caused by cerebrovascular disease and/or reduced blood flow to the brain and is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer's disease. We previously found that in middle-aged rats subjected to a multiple microinfarction (MMI) model of VaD, treatment with AV-001, a Tie2 receptor agonist, significantly improves short-term memory, long-term memory, as well as improves preference for social novelty compared to control MMI rats. In this study, we tested the early therapeutic effects of AV-001 on inflammation and glymphatic function in rats subjected to VaD. Methods Male, middle-aged Wistar rats (10-12 m), subjected to MMI, were randomly assigned to MMI and MMI + AV-001 treatment groups. A sham group was included as reference group. MMI was induced by injecting 800 ± 200, 70-100 μm sized, cholesterol crystals into the internal carotid artery. Animals were treated with AV-001 (1 μg/Kg, i.p.) once daily starting at 24 h after MMI. At 14 days after MMI, inflammatory factor expression was evaluated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain. Immunostaining was used to evaluate white matter integrity, perivascular space (PVS) and perivascular Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) expression in the brain. An additional set of rats were prepared to test glymphatic function. At 14 days after MMI, 50 μL of 1% Tetramethylrhodamine (3 kD) and FITC conjugated dextran (500 kD) at 1:1 ratio were injected into the CSF. Rats (4-6/group/time point) were sacrificed at 30 min, 3 h, and 6 h from the start of tracer infusion, and brain coronal sections were imaged using a Laser scanning confocal microscope to evaluate tracer intensities in the brain. Result Treatment of MMI with AV-001 significantly improves white matter integrity in the corpus callosum at 14 days after MMI. MMI induces significant dilation of the PVS, reduces AQP4 expression and impairs glymphatic function compared to Sham rats. AV-001 treatment significantly reduces PVS, increases perivascular AQP4 expression and improves glymphatic function compared to MMI rats. MMI significantly increases, while AV-001 significantly decreases the expression of inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), chemokine ligand 9) and anti-angiogenic factors (endostatin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, P-selectin) in CSF. MMI significantly increases, while AV-001 significantly reduces brain tissue expression of endostatin, thrombin, TNF-α, PAI-1, CXCL9, and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Conclusion AV-001 treatment of MMI significantly reduces PVS dilation and increases perivascular AQP4 expression which may contribute to improved glymphatic function compared to MMI rats. AV-001 treatment significantly reduces inflammatory factor expression in the CSF and brain which may contribute to AV-001 treatment induced improvement in white matter integrity and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanjia Gao
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
| | | | - Lauren Culmone
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Brianna Powell
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
| | | | - Alex Zacharek
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Trueman Wu
- Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Mei Lu
- Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Poornima Venkat
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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8
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Abi-Ghanem C, Salinero AE, Kordit D, Mansour FM, Kelly RD, Venkataganesh H, Kyaw NR, Gannon OJ, Riccio D, Fredman G, Poitelon Y, Belin S, Kopec AM, Robison LS, Zuloaga KL. Sex differences in the effects of high fat diet on underlying neuropathology in a mouse model of VCID. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:31. [PMID: 37208759 PMCID: PMC10199629 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00513-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Damage to the cerebral vasculature can lead to vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). A reduction in blood flow to the brain leads to neuropathology, including neuroinflammation and white matter lesions that are a hallmark of VCID. Mid-life metabolic disease (obesity, prediabetes, or diabetes) is a risk factor for VCID which may be sex-dependent (female bias). METHODS We compared the effects of mid-life metabolic disease between males and females in a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion mouse model of VCID. C57BL/6J mice were fed a control or high fat (HF) diet starting at ~ 8.5 months of age. Three months after diet initiation, sham or unilateral carotid artery occlusion surgery (VCID model) was performed. Three months later, mice underwent behavior testing and brains were collected to assess pathology. RESULTS We have previously shown that in this VCID model, HF diet causes greater metabolic impairment and a wider array of cognitive deficits in females compared to males. Here, we report on sex differences in the underlying neuropathology, specifically white matter changes and neuroinflammation in several areas of the brain. White matter was negatively impacted by VCID in males and HF diet in females, with greater metabolic impairment correlating with less myelin markers in females only. High fat diet led to an increase in microglia activation in males but not in females. Further, HF diet led to a decrease in proinflammatory cytokines and pro-resolving mediator mRNA expression in females but not males. CONCLUSIONS The current study adds to our understanding of sex differences in underlying neuropathology of VCID in the presence of a common risk factor (obesity/prediabetes). This information is crucial for the development of effective, sex-specific therapeutic interventions for VCID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charly Abi-Ghanem
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Abigail E Salinero
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - David Kordit
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Febronia M Mansour
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Richard D Kelly
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Harini Venkataganesh
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Nyi-Rein Kyaw
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Olivia J Gannon
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - David Riccio
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Gabrielle Fredman
- Department Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Yannick Poitelon
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Sophie Belin
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Ashley M Kopec
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Lisa S Robison
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33314, USA
| | - Kristen L Zuloaga
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
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9
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Chai YL, Rajeev V, Poh L, Selvaraji S, Hilal S, Chen CP, Jo DG, Koo EH, Arumugam TV, Lai MKP. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion alters the CypA-EMMPRIN-gelatinase pathway: Implications for vascular dementia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:722-735. [PMID: 36537035 PMCID: PMC10108186 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221146401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is postulated to underlie multiple pathophysiological processes in vascular dementia (VaD), including extracellular matrix dysfunction. While several extracellular matrix proteins, namely cyclophilin A (CypA), extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) and gelatinases (matrix metalloproteinases, MMP-2 and -9) have been investigated in acute stroke, their involvement in CCH and VaD remains unclear. In this study, CypA-EMMPRIN-gelatinase proteins were analysed in a clinical cohort of 36 aged, cognitively unimpaired subjects and 48 VaD patients, as well as in a bilateral carotid artery stenosis mouse model of CCH. Lower CypA and higher EMMPRIN levels were found in both VaD serum and CCH mouse brain. Furthermore, gelatinases were differentially altered in CCH mice and VaD patients, with significant MMP-2 increase in CCH brain and serum, whilst serum MMP-9 was elevated in VaD but reduced in CCH, suggesting complex CypA-EMMPRIN-gelatinase regulatory mechanisms. Interestingly, subjects with cortical infarcts had higher serum MMP-2, while white matter hyperintensities, cortical infarcts and lacunes were associated with higher serum MMP-9. Taken together, our data indicate that perturbations of CypA-EMMPRIN signalling may be associated with gelatinase-mediated vascular sequelae, highlighting the potential utility of the CypA-EMMPRIN-gelatinase pathway as clinical biomarkers and therapeutic targets in VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuek Ling Chai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong
Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge,
Singapore
- Memory, Aging and Cognition Centre,
National University Health System, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Vismitha Rajeev
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong
Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge,
Singapore
| | - Luting Poh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong
Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge,
Singapore
| | - Sharmelee Selvaraji
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong
Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge,
Singapore
| | - Saima Hilal
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong
Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge,
Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public
Health, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Christopher P Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong
Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge,
Singapore
- Memory, Aging and Cognition Centre,
National University Health System, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan
University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Edward H Koo
- Department of Medicine, National
University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
- Graduate School for Integrative
Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge,
Singapore
- Department of Neurosciences,
University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan
University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology
and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and
Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe
University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Mitchell KP Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong
Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge,
Singapore
- Memory, Aging and Cognition Centre,
National University Health System, Kent Ridge, Singapore
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10
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Jun YK, Lee SW, Kim KW, Moon JM, Koh SJ, Lee HJ, Kim JS, Han K, Im JP. Positive Results from the Fecal Immunochemical Test Can Be Related to Dementia: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in South Korea. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:1515-1525. [PMID: 36641669 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is widely used in screening for colorectal cancer (CRC), but FIT results can be positive for diseases other than CRC. OBJECTIVE We investigated the association between positive results of FIT and the incidence of dementia using a nationwide database. METHODS FIT-positive participants were collected from a database provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service. RESULTS The incidence of all kinds of dementia was higher in FIT-positive than FIT-negative subjects (p < 0.0001). FIT-positive participants had a higher risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) (p < 0.0001) and vascular dementia (p = 0.0002), compared to participants with FIT negativity. The risk of all kinds of dementia or AD in FIT-positive participants was higher in younger (age < 65 years) than older participants (p < 0.0001 for all kinds of dementia; p = 0.0002 for AD). CONCLUSION FIT positivity was correlated with an increased risk of dementia, especially in participants under 65 years of age. The study suggests that clinicians can consider dementia when FIT-positive participants fail to show any malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kyung Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seung Woo Lee
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Woo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Min Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Joon Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Pil Im
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Song S, Gaynor AM, Gazes Y, Lee S, Xu Q, Habeck C, Stern Y, Gu Y. Physical activity moderates the association between white matter hyperintensity burden and cognitive change. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:945645. [PMID: 36313016 PMCID: PMC9610117 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.945645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Greater physical activity (PA) could delay cognitive decline, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. White matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden is one of the key brain pathologies that have been shown to predict faster cognitive decline at a late age. One possible pathway is that PA may help maintain cognition by mitigating the detrimental effects of brain pathologies, like WMH, on cognitive change. This study aims to examine whether PA moderates the association between WMH burden and cognitive change. Materials and methods This population-based longitudinal study included 198 dementia-free adults aged 20-80 years. Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) was assessed by a self-reported questionnaire. Occupational physical activity (OPA) was a factor score measuring the physical demands of each job. Total physical activity (TPA) was operationalized as the average of z-scores of LTPA and OPA. Outcome variables included 5-year changes in global cognition and in four reference abilities (fluid reasoning, processing speed, memory, and vocabulary). Multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate the moderation effect of PA on the association between white matter hyperintensities and cognitive change, adjusting for age, sex, education, and baseline cognition. Results Over approximately 5 years, global cognition (p < 0.001), reasoning (p < 0.001), speed (p < 0.001), and memory (p < 0.05) scores declined, and vocabulary (p < 0.001) increased. Higher WMH burden was correlated with more decline in global cognition (Spearman's rho = -0.229, p = 0.001), reasoning (rho = -0.402, p < 0.001), and speed (rho = -0.319, p < 0.001), and less increase in vocabulary (rho = -0.316, p < 0.001). Greater TPA attenuated the association between WMH burden and changes in reasoning (βTPA^*WMH = 0.029, 95% CI = 0.006-0.052, p = 0.013), speed (βTPA^*WMH = 0.035, 95% CI = -0.004-0.065, p = 0.028), and vocabulary (βTPA^*WMH = 0.034, 95% CI = 0.004-0.065, p = 0.029). OPA seemed to be the factor that exerted a stronger moderation on the relationship between WMH burden and cognitive change. Conclusion Physical activity may help maintain reasoning, speed, and vocabulary abilities in face of WMH burden. The cognitive reserve potential of PA warrants further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhang Song
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Alexandra M. Gaynor
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yunglin Gazes
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Seonjoo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Mental Health Data Science, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Qianhui Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Joseph P. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christian Habeck
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yian Gu
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Joseph P. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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12
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Viessmann O, Tian Q, Bernier M, Polimeni JR. Static and dynamic BOLD fMRI components along white matter fibre tracts and their dependence on the orientation of the local diffusion tensor axis relative to the B 0-field. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:1905-1919. [PMID: 35650710 PMCID: PMC9536127 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221106277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have reported functional MRI (fMRI) activation within cerebral white matter (WM) using blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) contrast. Many blood vessels in WM run parallel to the fibre bundles, and other studies observed dependence of susceptibility contrast-based measures of blood volume on the local orientation of the fibre bundles relative to the magnetic field or B0 axis. Motivated by this, we characterized the dependence of gradient-echo BOLD fMRI on fibre orientation (estimated by the local diffusion tensor) relative to the B0 axis to test whether the alignment between bundles and vessels imparts an orientation dependence on resting-state BOLD fluctuations in the WM. We found that the baseline signal level of the T2*-weighted data is 11% higher in voxels containing fibres parallel to B0 than those containing perpendicular fibres, consistent with a static influence of either fibre or vessel orientation on local T2* values. We also found that BOLD fluctuations in most bundles exhibit orientation effects expected from oxygenation changes, with larger amplitudes from voxels containing perpendicular fibres. Different magnitudes of this orientation effect were observed across the major WM bundles, with inferior fasciculus, corpus callosum and optic radiation exhibiting 14-19% higher fluctuations in voxels containing perpendicular compared to parallel fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Viessmann
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Qiyuan Tian
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Michaël Bernier
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan R Polimeni
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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13
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Xie C, Tang H, Liu G, Li C. Molecular mechanism of Epimedium in the treatment of vascular dementia based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:940166. [PMID: 36051307 PMCID: PMC9424771 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.940166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgroud: Vascular dementia is the second most common cause of dementia after Alzheimer’s disease, accounting for an estimated 15% of cases. Recently, Epimedium has attracted great attention for its potential neuroprotective benefit. However, the direct role and mechanism of Epimedium on vascular dementia still lack systematic research. To systematically explore the possible pharmacological mechanism of Epimedium for the treatment of vascular dementia, network pharmacology, molecular docking, combined with experiment validation were conducted. Methods: The bioactive compounds and targets of Epimedium were obtained from the TCMSP database. The potential targets of vascular dementia were identified from the DrugBank, OMIM, Genecards, Therapeutic Target Database, and DisGeNET databases. GO and KEGG pathway analyses were performed. Molecular docking was applied to validate the interaction between active components and hub targets. The bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) method was used for construction of a vascular dementia model in mice. The effects of Epimedium on learning and memory ability were examined by behavioral tests. The mechanisms of the cerebral protective effects of Epimedium were evaluated by WB, RT-PCR, and immunofluorescence. Results: A total of 23 Epimedium active ingredients, and 71 intersecting targets of Epimedium against vascular dementia were obtained. The top five hub targets AKT1, TNF, IL1β, IL6, and MMP9 were identified, and molecular docking showed good binding. GO enrichment showed a total of 602 enrichment results, with 458 (80.56%) key targets mainly focused on biological processes (BP). The response to hypoxia, positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process, aging, inflammatory response, cellular response to lipopolysaccharide, negative regulation of apoptotic process were well ranked. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified the TNF signaling pathway as an important pathway, with the MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and NF-κB signaling pathways as the key pathways involved. Consistently, in vivo experiments showed that Epimedium treatment improved learning and memory functions in mice with vascular dementia. In addition, Epimedium attenuated the activation of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampal region after BCCAO. RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis showed that Epimedium not only affected the expression of AKT, TNF, IL1β, IL6, and MMP9, but also suppressed the TNF signaling pathway. Conclusion: Epimedium may exert a protective effect against vascular dementia through the alleviation of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, BBB dysfunction, apoptosis through TNF signaling pathway. This study explored the mechanism of Epimedium on vascular dementia systematically through network pharmacological and in vivo experiment approach, which provides insight into the treatment of vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changqing Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Changqing Li
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14
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Hou L, Zhang S, Qi D, Jia T, Wang H, Zhang W, Wei S, Xue C, Wang P. Correlation between neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and cognitive impairment in cerebral small vessel disease patients: A retrospective study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:925218. [PMID: 35989913 PMCID: PMC9391025 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.925218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective The blood neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an objective and convenient parameter of systemic inflammation. Elevated NLR is associated with an increased risk of mild cognitive impairment (CI) in the elderly. However, few data are available on the impact of the NLR on CI in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Methods A total of 66 CSVD subjects with CI and 81 CSVD subjects without CI were evaluated in this study. Clinical, laboratory, radiological, and cognitive parameters were collected. The NLR was obtained with the absolute neutrophil count being divided by the absolute lymphocyte count in fasting blood samples. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the factors associated with CI. Receiver operating characteristic curves were illustrated to predict factors associated with CI in patients with CSVD. Results The NLR of the CI group was significantly higher than that of subjects without CI (2.59 vs. 2.21, P = 0.003). In multivariate analysis, NLR was positively correlated to the CI (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.05–1.96, P = 0.024). It was suggested that the optimum NLR cutoff point for CI was 1.89 with 69.7% sensitivity and 59.3% specificity. Subjects with NLR ≥ 1.89 showed higher possibilities of CI compared to those with NLR < 1.89 (OR: 3.38, 95% CI: 1.62–7.07). Conclusions Correlations were found between NLR and CI. Patients with CSVD who have higher NLR might have an increased risk of CI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Hou
- Department of Neurology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
- Baoding City Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Baoding, China
| | - Shuhan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Dandan Qi
- Department of Neurology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Tongle Jia
- Baoding City Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Baoding, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Shuyan Wei
- Department of Neurology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Conglong Xue
- Department of General Surgery, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
- Baoding City Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Pei Wang
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15
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Yu M, Zheng X, Cheng F, Shao B, Zhuge Q, Jin K. Metformin, Rapamycin, or Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Pretreatment Attenuate Cognitive Impairment After Cerebral Hypoperfusion by Inhibiting Microglial Phagocytosis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:903565. [PMID: 35769369 PMCID: PMC9234123 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.903565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is the second leading form of dementia after Alzheimer's disease (AD) plaguing the elder population. Despite the enormous prevalence of VCI, the biological basis of this disease has been much less well-studied than that of AD, with no specific therapy currently existing to prevent or treat VCI. As VCI mainly occurs in the elderly, the role of anti-aging drugs including metformin, rapamycin, and nicotinamide mono nucleotide (NMN), and the underlying mechanism remain uncertain. Here, we examined the role of metformin, rapamycin, and NMN in cognitive function, white matter integrity, microglial response, and phagocytosis in a rat model of VCI by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). BCCAO-induced chronic cerebral hypoperfusion could cause spatial working memory deficits and white matter lesions (WMLs), along with increasing microglial activation and phagocytosis compared to sham-operated rats. We found the cognitive impairment was significantly improved in BCCAO rats pretreated with these three drugs for 14 days before BCCAO compared with the vehicle group by the analysis of the Morris water maze and new object recognition tests. Pretreatment of metformin, rapamycin, or NMN also increased myelin basic protein (MBP, a marker for myelin) expression and reduced SMI32 (a marker for demyelinated axons) intensity and SMI32/MBP ratio compared with the vehicle group, suggesting that these drugs could ameliorate BCCAO-induced WMLs. The findings were confirmed by Luxol fast blue (LFB) stain, which is designed for staining myelin/myelinated axons. We further found that pretreatment of metformin, rapamycin, or NMN reduced microglial activation and the number of M1 microglia, but increased the number of M2 microglia compared to the vehicle group. Importantly, the number of MBP+/Iba1+/CD68+ microglia was significantly reduced in the BCCAO rats pretreated with these three drugs compared with the vehicle group, suggesting that these drugs suppress microglial phagocytosis. No significant difference was found between the groups pretreated with metformin, rapamycin, or NMN. Our data suggest that metformin, rapamycin, or NMN could protect or attenuate cognitive impairment and WMLs by modifying microglial polarization and inhibiting phagocytosis. The findings may open a new avenue for VCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoying Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangyu Cheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bei Shao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qichuan Zhuge
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Qichuan Zhuge
| | - Kunlin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- Kunlin Jin
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16
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Zhang XQ, Yang YX, Zhang C, Leng XY, Chen SD, Ou YN, Kuo K, Cheng X, Han X, Cui M, Tan L, Feng L, Suckling J, Dong Q, Yu JT. Validation of external and internal exposome of the findings associated to cerebral small vessel disease: A Mendelian randomization study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:1078-1090. [PMID: 35018869 PMCID: PMC9125490 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221074223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The exposome characterizes all environmental exposures and their impact on a disease. To determine the causally-associated components of the exposome for cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), we performed mendelian randomization analysis of 5365 exposures on six clinical and subclinical CSVD measures. We found statistically significant evidence (FDR-corrected P < 0.05) that hypertension, high cholesterol, longer television-watching time, lower educational qualifications, younger age of first sexual intercourse, smoking, reduced pulmonary function, higher subjective overall health rating, and frequent tiredness were associated with increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage or small vessel stroke. Adiposity, diabetes, frequent alcoholic drinks, higher white blood cell count and neutrophil count were significantly associated with higher risk of non-lobar hemorrhage or small vessel stroke, but not lobar hemorrhage. Hypertension, higher arm or leg fat-free mass and higher sitting height were significantly associated with higher white matter hyperintensities. The results were robust to sensitivity analyses and showed no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy. We also identified 41 exposures suggestively associated (uncorrected P < 0.05) with multiple CSVD measures as the "the CSVD exposome". This exposome-wide association study provides insight into CSVD development and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Yang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Xin-Yi Leng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shi-Dong Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Nan Ou
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kevin Kuo
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Han
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Cui
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - John Suckling
- Department of Psychiatry, 2152University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Systemic immune-inflammation index is associated with white matter hyperintensity volume. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7379. [PMID: 35513435 PMCID: PMC9072679 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is a novel inflammatory marker based on the composition ratio of blood cell counts. In this study, we evaluated the association between the SII and cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) in health check-up participants. We evaluated participants from our health check-up registry between 2006 and 2013. The SII was calculated using the following formula: SII = (platelet count × neutrophil count)/lymphocyte count. cSVD was assessed by considering white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume, lacunes, and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs). A total of 3187 participants were assessed. In multivariable linear regression analysis, the SII was significantly related to WMH volume [β = 0.120, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.050–0.189]. However, lacunes and CMBs showed no statistical significance with the SII. In the subgroup analysis by age, the SII was significantly associated with WMH volume only in participants aged ≥ 60 years (β = 0.225, 95% CI 0.068–0.381). In conclusion, a high SII was associated with cSVD. Since this association was more pronounced in WMH than in lacunes or CMBs, WMH might be closer to the inflammation-related pathological mechanisms.
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Small Vessel Disease: Ancient Description, Novel Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073508. [PMID: 35408867 PMCID: PMC8998274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Small vessel disease (SVD) is one of the most frequent pathological conditions which lead to dementia. Biochemical and neuroimaging might help correctly identify the clinical diagnosis of this relevant brain disease. The microvascular alterations which underlie SVD have common origins, similar cognitive outcomes, and common vascular risk factors. Nevertheless, the arteriolosclerosis process, which underlines SVD development, is based on different mechanisms, not all completely understood, which start from a chronic hypoperfusion state and pass through a chronic brain inflammatory condition, inducing a significant endothelium activation and a consequent tissue remodeling action. In a recent review, we focused on the pathophysiology of SVD, which is complex, involving genetic conditions and different co-morbidities (i.e., diabetes, chronic hypoxia condition, and obesity). Currently, many points still remain unclear and discordant. In this paper, we wanted to focus on new biomarkers, which can be the expression of the endothelial dysfunction, or of the oxidative damage, which could be employed as markers of disease progression or for future targets of therapies. Therefore, we described the altered response to the endothelium-derived nitric oxide-vasodilators (ENOV), prostacyclin, C-reactive proteins, and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHF). At the same time, due to the concomitant endothelial activation and chronic neuroinflammatory status, we described hypoxia-endothelial-related markers, such as HIF 1 alpha, VEGFR2, and neuroglobin, and MMPs. We also described blood–brain barrier disruption biomarkers and imaging techniques, which can also describe perivascular spaces enlargement and dysfunction. More studies should be necessary, in order to implement these results and give them a clinical benefit.
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Katipoglu B, Naharci MI. Could neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predict mortality in community-dwelling older people with delirium superimposed on dementia? Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:1819-1826. [PMID: 35320829 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-022-02108-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delirium superimposed on dementia (DSD) is associated with adverse outcomes in older adults. Nonetheless, little is known about the association between inflammatory markers and clinical outcomes of DSD. AIMS This research investigated the predictive value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for short- and long-term mortality among community-dwelling older adults with DSD. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 9755 older outpatients who were referred to a tertiary hospital between January 2010 and June 2021. All patients underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment and routine laboratory tests. Delirium and dementia was diagnosed with the DSM-4 or DSM-5 criteria. We recorded information on mortality during 1 year following the delirium episode. RESULTS Among 615 patients with dementia, 170 (26.3%) had delirium. Patients with delirium were predominantly older, with higher Deyo-Charlson comorbidity index scores, lower general cognitive performance, lower functional capability, and higher anticholinergic burden compared to those without delirium. At the 1-year follow-up, the mortality rate of DSD was 29.3%. Multivariate analysis showed that NLR at admission was an independent predictor of 1-month mortality (HR = 1.03; 95% CI 1.00-1.05; p = 0.04) and 1-year mortality (HR = 1.02; 95% CI 1.01-1.05; p = 0.01) of DSD patients. DISCUSSION NLR can predict prognosis in various diseases including cardiovascular disease, malignancies, and cerebrovascular disease, but as yet there is no similar prognostic measure in delirium. Moreover, recent previous studies demonstrated NLR is a potential marker for the prediction of delirium in older adults with different clinical settings. In the current study, we demonstrated that NLR is also a prognostic marker for DSD. CONCLUSIONS NLR could be useful marker for predicting short- and long-term mortality in patients with DSD. However, further studies are needed to validate these findings.
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The Effect of Guilingji Capsules on Vascular Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4778163. [PMID: 35116067 PMCID: PMC8807047 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4778163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Guilingji capsules (GLJC) have been shown to have antiaging effects and improve cognitive function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of GLJC for the treatment of vascular mild cognitive impairment (VaMCI). A total of 96 patients with VaMCI (aged 60–85 years) were enrolled in this 24-week, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. The patients were randomly assigned to a GLJC group (n = 48) or a Ginkgo group (n = 48). Patients in the GLJC group were treated using GLJC, whereas those in the Ginkgo group received Ginkgo extract tablets. We evaluated the participants at baseline and after a 12- and 24-week treatment period using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog), and Chinese Medicine Symptom Scale (CM-SS). The serum acetylcholine (Ach), acetylcholinesterase (AchE), homocysteine (Hcy), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) serum levels of the patients were measured before and after 24-week treatment. Analysis of the results of both groups showed that both interventions significantly increased the MoCA and MMSE scores of the patients and decreased their ADAS-Cog and CM-SS scores (P < 0.05). The GLJC group showed greater improvement in MoCA, MMSE, and CM-SS scores than the Ginkgo group (P < 0.05). However, both groups showed a significant increase in serum Ach and a decrease in serum AchE, Hcy, and hs-CRP levels (P < 0.05). Furthermore, serum Ach increased and Hcy decreased more significantly in the GLJC group than in the Ginkgo group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that GLJC can improve the cognitive function, cholinergic system, and inflammatory cytokine levels of patients with VaMCI. Furthermore, this treatment can improve symptoms of syndromes diagnosed according to traditional Chinese medicine practice in patients with VaMCI.
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21
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Shan W, Xu L, Xu Y, Qiu Z, Feng J, Zhao J, Wang J. Leukoaraiosis Mediates the Association of Total White Blood Cell Count With Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment. Front Neurol 2022; 12:793435. [PMID: 35185753 PMCID: PMC8852802 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.793435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The inflammatory response could play a key role in cognitive impairment. However, there has been limited research into the association between total white blood cell (WBC) count and post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), and the significance of leukoaraiosis (LA) in this relationship is unknown. We aimed to examine the total WBC count in relation to PSCI and whether this association was mediated by LA. Methods Consecutive patients with first-ever ischemic stroke were prospectively enrolled from October 2020 to June 2021. The total WBC count was measured after admission. Cognitive function evaluations were performed at the 3-month follow-up using Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE). We defined the PSCI as an MMSE score <27. Results A total of 276 patients (mean age, 66.5 years; 54.7% male) were included in this analysis. Among them, 137 (49.6%) patients experienced PSCI. After adjustment for potential confounders, higher total WBC count was significantly correlated with an increased risk of LA [per 1-SD increase, odds ratio (OR), 1.39; 95% CI 1.06–1.82; p = 0.017] and PSCI (per 1-SD increase, OR, 1.51; 95% CI 1.12–2.04; p = 0.006). Furthermore, mediation analysis demonstrated that the association between total WBC count and PSCI was partly mediated by LA (the regression coefficient was changed by 9.7% for PSCI, and 12.4% for PSCI severity, respectively). Conclusion Increased total WBC count is a risk factor for PSCI. The presence of LA was partially responsible for the PSCI in patients who had a higher total WBC count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Shan
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhuoyin Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Gerontology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jie Zhao
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jingwen Wang
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22
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Poh L, Sim WL, Jo DG, Dinh QN, Drummond GR, Sobey CG, Chen CLH, Lai MKP, Fann DY, Arumugam TV. The role of inflammasomes in vascular cognitive impairment. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:4. [PMID: 35000611 PMCID: PMC8744307 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00506-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing prevalence of Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI) worldwide, and several studies have suggested that Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion (CCH) plays a critical role in disease onset and progression. However, there is a limited understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of VCI, especially in relation to CCH. Neuroinflammation is a significant contributor in the progression of VCI as increased systemic levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) has been extensively reported in VCI patients. Recently it has been established that CCH can activate the inflammasome signaling pathways, involving NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes that critically regulate IL-1β production. Given that neuroinflammation is an early event in VCI, it is important that we understand its molecular and cellular mechanisms to enable development of disease-modifying treatments to reduce the structural brain damage and cognitive deficits that are observed clinically in the elderly. Hence, this review aims to provide a comprehensive insight into the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of CCH-induced inflammasome signaling in VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luting Poh
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Liang Sim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Quynh Nhu Dinh
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC Australia
| | - Grant R. Drummond
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC Australia
| | - Christopher G. Sobey
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC Australia
| | - Christopher Li-Hsian Chen
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mitchell K. P. Lai
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Y. Fann
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thiruma V. Arumugam
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC Australia
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White matter damage as a consequence of vascular dysfunction in a spontaneous mouse model of chronic mild chronic hypoperfusion with eNOS deficiency. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4754-4769. [PMID: 35948662 PMCID: PMC9734049 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01701-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer's disease (AD). Currently, the mechanistic insights into the evolution and progression of VCID remain elusive. White matter change represents an invariant feature. Compelling clinical neuroimaging and pathological evidence suggest a link between white matter changes and neurodegeneration. Our prior study detected hypoperfused lesions in mice with partial deficiency of endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) at very young age, precisely matching to those hypoperfused areas identified in preclinical AD patients. White matter tracts are particularly susceptible to the vascular damage induced by chronic hypoperfusion. Using immunohistochemistry, we detected severe demyelination in the middle-aged eNOS-deficient mice. The demyelinated areas were confined to cortical and subcortical areas including the corpus callosum and hippocampus. The intensity of demyelination correlated with behavioral deficits of gait and associative recognition memory performances. By Evans blue angiography, we detected blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage as another early pathological change affecting frontal and parietal cortex in eNOS-deficient mice. Sodium nitrate fortified drinking water provided to young and middle-aged eNOS-deficient mice completely prevented non-perfusion, BBB leakage, and white matter pathology, indicating that impaired endothelium-derived NO signaling may have caused these pathological events. Furthermore, genome-wide transcriptomic analysis revealed altered gene clusters most related to mitochondrial respiratory pathways selectively in the white matter of young eNOS-deficient mice. Using eNOS-deficient mice, we identified BBB breakdown and hypoperfusion as the two earliest pathological events, resulting from insufficient vascular NO signaling. We speculate that the compromised BBB and mild chronic hypoperfusion trigger vascular damage, along with oxidative stress and astrogliosis, accounting for the white matter pathological changes in the eNOS-deficient mouse model. We conclude that eNOS-deficient mice represent an ideal spontaneous evolving model for studying the earliest events leading to white matter changes, which will be instrumental to future therapeutic testing of drug candidates and for targeting novel/specific vascular mechanisms contributing to VCID and AD.
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24
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Cao L, Sun Z. Diagnostic Values of Serum Levels of Homocysteine, Heat Shock Protein 70 and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein for Predicting Vascular Cognitive Impairment. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:525-533. [PMID: 35330824 PMCID: PMC8938274 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s354022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vascular cognitive impairment is one of the main clinical manifestations of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Reliable molecular markers are needed urgently to predict cognitive impairments in CSVD patients. This study aimed to investigate the possible diagnostic values of serum levels of Hcy, Hsp70 and hs-CRP for predicting vascular cognitive impairment in patients with CSVD. METHODS According to the presence of CSVD and cognitive impairment (CI), healthy patients and CSVD patients were divided into three groups. Serum Hcy, HSP70 and hs-CRP were abnormal in the CI group. Clinical characteristics and MOCA cognitive function score statistics were performed for the three groups: the control group, CSVD without cognitive impairment group and CSVD with cognitive impairment group. Finally, Hcy, HSP70 and hs-CRP were correlated with MOCA to analyze the correlation between serum Hcy, HSP70 and hs-CRP and cognitive dysfunction caused by CSVD. RESULTS The levels of serum Hcy, Hsp70, and hsCRP had significantly higher expression in the CSVD groups than those in the control group (p<0.05). Moreover, basic clinical characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors and other clinical details had no significantly differences among the three groups. Serum Hcy, Hsp70 and hs-CRP levels were negatively correlated with MoCA total scores. CONCLUSION Serum levels of Hcy, HSP70 and hs-CRP were negatively correlated with cognitive impairment caused by CSVD, which could be used as a predictor to predict the risk of cognitive impairment caused by CSVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, 230041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongwu Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
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van der Thiel MM, Freeze WM, Verheggen ICM, Wong SM, de Jong JJA, Postma AA, Hoff EI, Gronenschild EHBM, Verhey FR, Jacobs HIL, Ramakers IHGB, Backes WH, Jansen JFA. Associations of increased interstitial fluid with vascular and neurodegenerative abnormalities in a memory clinic sample. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 106:257-267. [PMID: 34320463 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The vascular and neurodegenerative processes related to clinical dementia cause cell loss which induces, amongst others, an increase in interstitial fluid (ISF). We assessed microvascular, parenchymal integrity, and a proxy of ISF volume alterations with intravoxel incoherent motion imaging in 21 healthy controls and 53 memory clinic patients - mainly affected by neurodegeneration (mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease dementia), vascular pathology (vascular cognitive impairment), and presumed to be without significant pathology (subjective cognitive decline). The microstructural components were quantified with spectral analysis using a non-negative least squares method. Linear regression was employed to investigate associations of these components with hippocampal and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes. In the normal appearing white matter, a large fint (a proxy of ISF volume) was associated with a large WMH volume and low hippocampal volume. Likewise, a large fint value was associated with a lower hippocampal volume in the hippocampi. Large ISF volume (fint) was shown to be a prominent factor associated with both WMHs and neurodegenerative abnormalities in memory clinic patients and is argued to play a potential role in impaired glymphatic functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel M van der Thiel
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Whitney M Freeze
- Department of Psychiatry &Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Inge C M Verheggen
- Department of Psychiatry &Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sau May Wong
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Joost J A de Jong
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Alida A Postma
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Erik I Hoff
- Department of Neurology, Zuyderland Medical Center Heerlen, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Ed H B M Gronenschild
- Department of Psychiatry &Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Frans R Verhey
- Department of Psychiatry &Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Heidi I L Jacobs
- Department of Psychiatry &Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Inez H G B Ramakers
- Department of Psychiatry &Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Walter H Backes
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Cardiovascular Disease, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jacobus F A Jansen
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
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Vipin A, Wong BYX, Kumar D, Low A, Ng KP, Kandiah N. Association between white matter hyperintensity load and grey matter atrophy in mild cognitive impairment is not unidirectional. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:10973-10988. [PMID: 33861727 PMCID: PMC8109133 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging measures of Alzheimer's disease (AD) include grey matter volume (GMV) alterations in the Default Mode Network (DMN) and Executive Control Network (ECN). Small-vessel cerebrovascular disease, often visualised as white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on MRI, is often seen in AD. However, the relationship between WMH load and GMV needs further examination. We examined the load-dependent influence of WMH on GMV and cognition in 183 subjects. T1-MRI data from 93 Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and 90 cognitively normal subjects were studied and WMH load was categorized into low, medium and high terciles. We examined how differing loads of WMH related to whole-brain voxel-wise and regional DMN and ECN GMV. We further investigated how regional GMV moderated the relationship between WMH and cognition. We found differential load-dependent effects of WMH burden on voxel-wise and regional atrophy in only MCI. At high load, as expected WMH negatively related to both ECN and DMN GMV, however at low load, WMH positively related to ECN GMV. Additionally, negative associations between WMH and memory and executive function were moderated by regional GMV. Our results demonstrate non-unidirectional relationships between WMH load, GMV and cognition in MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwati Vipin
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Dilip Kumar
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Audrey Low
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kok Pin Ng
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian-Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nagaendran Kandiah
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian-Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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27
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Caprihan A, Raja R, Hillmer LJ, Erhardt EB, Prestopnik J, Thompson J, Adair JC, Knoefel JE, Rosenberg GA. A double-dichotomy clustering of dual pathology dementia patients. CEREBRAL CIRCULATION - COGNITION AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 2:100011. [PMID: 34746872 PMCID: PMC8570532 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2021.100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) related dementia can coexist in older subjects, leading to mixed dementia (MX). Identification of dementia sub-groups is important for designing proper treatment plans and clinical trials. METHOD An Alzheimer's disease severity (ADS) score and a vascular disease severity (VDS) score are calculated from CSF and MRI biomarkers, respectively. These scores, being sensitive to different Alzheimer's and vascular disease processes are combined orthogonally in a double-dichotomy plot. This formed an objective basis for clustering the subjects into four groups, consisting of AD, SIVD, MX and leukoaraiosis (LA). The relationship of these four groups is examined with respect to cognitive assessments and clinical diagnosis. RESULTS Cluster analysis had at least 83% agreement with the clinical diagnosis for groups based either on Alzheimer's or on vascular sensitive biomarkers, and a combined agreement of 68.8% for clustering the four groups. The VDS score was correlated to executive function (r = -0.28, p < 0.01) and the ADS score to memory function (r = -0.35, p < 0.002) after adjusting for age, sex, and education. In the subset of patients for which the cluster scores and clinical diagnoses agreed, the correlations were stronger (VDS score-executive function: r = -0.37, p < 0.006 and ADS score-memory function: r = -0.58, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The double-dichotomy clustering based on imaging and fluid biomarkers offers an unbiased method for identifying mixed dementia patients and selecting better defined sub-groups. Differential correlations with neuropsychological tests support the hypothesis that the categories of dementia represent different etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajikha Raja
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Laura J. Hillmer
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Erik Barry Erhardt
- Departments of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Jill Prestopnik
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Jeffrey Thompson
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - John C Adair
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Janice E. Knoefel
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Gary A. Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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Ihara M, Washida K, Yoshimoto T, Saito S. Adrenomedullin: A vasoactive agent for sporadic and hereditary vascular cognitive impairment. CEREBRAL CIRCULATION - COGNITION AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 2:100007. [PMID: 36324729 PMCID: PMC9616331 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2021.100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (AM) is an endogenous peptide mainly secreted from endothelial cells, which has multiple physiological actions such as anti-inflammation, vasodilation, vascular permeability regulation and angiogenesis. Blood AM levels are upregulated in a variety of pathological states including sepsis, severe COVID-19, acute ischemic stroke and vascular cognitive impairment with white matter changes, likely serving as a compensatory biological defense response against infection and ischemia. AM is currently being tested in clinical trials for ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, severe COVID-19 for its anti-inflammatory properties and in ischemic stroke for its additional angiogenic action. AM has been proposed as a therapeutic option for vascular cognitive impairment as its arteriogenic and angiogenic properties are thought to contribute to a slowing of cognitive decline in mice after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. As AM promotes differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells into mature oligodendrocytes under hypoxic conditions, AM could also be used in the treatment of CADASIL, where reduced oxygen delivery is thought to lead to the death of hypoxia-prone oligodendrocytes. AM therefore holds potential as an innovative therapeutic drug, which may regenerate blood vessels, while controlling inflammation in cerebrovascular diseases.
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Ribaldi F, Altomare D, Jovicich J, Ferrari C, Picco A, Pizzini FB, Soricelli A, Mega A, Ferretti A, Drevelegas A, Bosch B, Müller BW, Marra C, Cavaliere C, Bartrés-Faz D, Nobili F, Alessandrini F, Barkhof F, Gros-Dagnac H, Ranjeva JP, Wiltfang J, Kuijer J, Sein J, Hoffmann KT, Roccatagliata L, Parnetti L, Tsolaki M, Constantinidis M, Aiello M, Salvatore M, Montalti M, Caulo M, Didic M, Bargallo N, Blin O, Rossini PM, Schonknecht P, Floridi P, Payoux P, Visser PJ, Bordet R, Lopes R, Tarducci R, Bombois S, Hensch T, Fiedler U, Richardson JC, Frisoni GB, Marizzoni M. Accuracy and reproducibility of automated white matter hyperintensities segmentation with lesion segmentation tool: A European multi-site 3T study. Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 76:108-115. [PMID: 33220450 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Brain vascular damage accumulate in aging and often manifest as white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on MRI. Despite increased interest in automated methods to segment WMHs, a gold standard has not been achieved and their longitudinal reproducibility has been poorly investigated. The aim of present work is to evaluate accuracy and reproducibility of two freely available segmentation algorithms. A harmonized MRI protocol was implemented in 3T-scanners across 13 European sites, each scanning five volunteers twice (test-retest) using 2D-FLAIR. Automated segmentation was performed using Lesion segmentation tool algorithms (LST): the Lesion growth algorithm (LGA) in SPM8 and 12 and the Lesion prediction algorithm (LPA). To assess reproducibility, we applied the LST longitudinal pipeline to the LGA and LPA outputs for both the test and retest scans. We evaluated volumetric and spatial accuracy comparing LGA and LPA with manual tracing, and for reproducibility the test versus retest. Median volume difference between automated WMH and manual segmentations (mL) was -0.22[IQR = 0.50] for LGA-SPM8, -0.12[0.57] for LGA-SPM12, -0.09[0.53] for LPA, while the spatial accuracy (Dice Coefficient) was 0.29[0.31], 0.33[0.26] and 0.41[0.23], respectively. The reproducibility analysis showed a median reproducibility error of 20%[IQR = 41] for LGA-SPM8, 14% [31] for LGA-SPM12 and 10% [27] with the LPA cross-sectional pipeline. Applying the LST longitudinal pipeline, the reproducibility errors were considerably reduced (LGA: 0%[IQR = 0], p < 0.001; LPA: 0% [3], p < 0.001) compared to those derived using the cross-sectional algorithms. The DC using the longitudinal pipeline was excellent (median = 1) for LGA [IQR = 0] and LPA [0.02]. LST algorithms showed moderate accuracy and good reproducibility. Therefore, it can be used as a reliable cross-sectional and longitudinal tool in multi-site studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ribaldi
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Alzheimer's Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Memory Clinic, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Daniele Altomare
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Memory Clinic, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jorge Jovicich
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMEC), University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Clarissa Ferrari
- Unit of Statistics, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Agnese Picco
- Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Mother-Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Anna Mega
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Alzheimer's Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Ferretti
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti, Italy; Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonios Drevelegas
- Interbalkan Medical Center of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Radiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Beatriz Bosch
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Universitat de Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernhard W Müller
- LVR-Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Institutes and Clinics of the University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Camillo Marra
- Center for Neuropsychological Research, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Universitat de Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Flavio Nobili
- Dept. of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova, Italy
| | - Franco Alessandrini
- Radiology, Dept. of Diagnostic and Public Health, Verona University, Verona, Italy
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Helene Gros-Dagnac
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, UMR 825 Imagerie Cérébrale et Handicaps Neurologiques, F-31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Ranjeva
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7289, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joost Kuijer
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Julien Sein
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7289, 13005 Marseille, France
| | | | - Luca Roccatagliata
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova, Italy; Dept. of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Section of Neurology, Centre for Memory Disturbances, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Martina Montalti
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Alzheimer's Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Massimo Caulo
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti, Italy; Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti, Italy
| | - Mira Didic
- APHM, Timone, Service de Neurologie et Neuropsychologie, APHM Hôpital Timone Adultes, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France
| | - Núria Bargallo
- Department of Neuroradiology and Magnetic Resonance Image Core Facility, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olivier Blin
- Aix Marseille University, UMR-INSERM 1106, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Paolo M Rossini
- Dept. Neuroscience & Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS-San Raffaele-Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Peter Schonknecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Piero Floridi
- Neuroradiology Unit, Perugia General Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Pierre Payoux
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Régis Bordet
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition - Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders-U1172. F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Renaud Lopes
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition - Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders-U1172. F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Stephanie Bombois
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition - Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders-U1172. F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Tilman Hensch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ute Fiedler
- LVR-Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Institutes and Clinics of the University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jill C Richardson
- Neurosciences Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Memory Clinic, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Moira Marizzoni
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Alzheimer's Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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Lacalle-Aurioles M, Cassel de Camps C, Zorca CE, Beitel LK, Durcan TM. Applying hiPSCs and Biomaterials Towards an Understanding and Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:594304. [PMID: 33281561 PMCID: PMC7689345 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.594304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of disability and mortality in children and young adults and has a profound impact on the socio-economic wellbeing of patients and their families. Initially, brain damage is caused by mechanical stress-induced axonal injury and vascular dysfunction, which can include hemorrhage, blood-brain barrier disruption, and ischemia. Subsequent neuronal degeneration, chronic inflammation, demyelination, oxidative stress, and the spread of excitotoxicity can further aggravate disease pathology. Thus, TBI treatment requires prompt intervention to protect against neuronal and vascular degeneration. Rapid advances in the field of stem cells (SCs) have revolutionized the prospect of repairing brain function following TBI. However, more than that, SCs can contribute substantially to our knowledge of this multifaced pathology. Research, based on human induced pluripotent SCs (hiPSCs) can help decode the molecular pathways of degeneration and recovery of neuronal and glial function, which makes these cells valuable tools for drug screening. Additionally, experimental approaches that include hiPSC-derived engineered tissues (brain organoids and bio-printed constructs) and biomaterials represent a step forward for the field of regenerative medicine since they provide a more suitable microenvironment that enhances cell survival and grafting success. In this review, we highlight the important role of hiPSCs in better understanding the molecular pathways of TBI-related pathology and in developing novel therapeutic approaches, building on where we are at present. We summarize some of the most relevant findings for regenerative therapies using biomaterials and outline key challenges for TBI treatments that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lacalle-Aurioles
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Camille Cassel de Camps
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cornelia E Zorca
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lenore K Beitel
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas M Durcan
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Wright P, Veronese M, Mazibuko N, Turkheimer FE, Rabiner EA, Ballard CG, Williams SCR, Hari Narayanan AK, Osrah B, Williams R, Marques TR, Howes OD, Roncaroli F, O'Sullivan MJ. Patterns of Mitochondrial TSPO Binding in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: An in vivo PET Study With Neuropathological Comparison. Front Neurol 2020; 11:541377. [PMID: 33178101 PMCID: PMC7596201 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.541377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Small vessel disease (SVD) is associated with cognitive impairment in older age and be implicated in vascular dementia. Post-mortem studies show proliferation of activated microglia in the affected white matter. However, the role of inflammation in SVD pathogenesis is incompletely understood and better biomarkers are needed. We hypothesized that expression of the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO), a marker of microglial activation, would be higher in SVD. Positron emission tomography (PET) was performed with the second-generation TSPO ligand [11C]PBR28 in 11 participants with SVD. TSPO binding was evaluated by a two-tissue compartment model, with and without a vascular binding component, in white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM). In post-mortem tissue, in a separate cohort of individuals with SVD, immunohistochemistry was performed for TSPO and a pan-microglial marker Iba1. Kinetic modeling showed reduced tracer volume and blood volume fraction in WMH compared with NAWM, but a significant increase in vascular binding. Vascular [11C]PBR28 binding was also increased compared with normal-appearing white matter of healthy participants free of SVD. Immunohistochemistry showed a diffuse increase in microglial staining (with Iba1) in sampled tissue in SVD compared with control samples, but with only a subset of microglia staining positively for TSPO. Intense TSPO staining was observed in the vicinity of damaged small blood vessels, which included perivascular macrophages. The results suggest an altered phenotype of activated microglia, with reduced TSPO expression, in the areas of greatest white matter ischemia in SVD, with implications for the interpretation of TSPO PET studies in older individuals or those with vascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Wright
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ndabezinhle Mazibuko
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Federico E. Turkheimer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eugenii A. Rabiner
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Invicro, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clive G. Ballard
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Steven C. R. Williams
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Avinash Kumar Hari Narayanan
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Bahiya Osrah
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Ricky Williams
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Tiago R. Marques
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver D. Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Roncaroli
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. O'Sullivan
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
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32
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Sharma VK, Singh TG. Insulin resistance and bioenergetic manifestations: Targets and approaches in Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2020; 262:118401. [PMID: 32926928 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Insulin has a well-established role in cognition, neuronal detoxification and synaptic plasticity. Insulin transduction affect neurotransmitter functions, influence bioenergetics and regulate neuronal survival through regulating glucose energy metabolism and downward pathways. METHODS A systematic literature review of PubMed, Medline, Bentham, Scopus and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases was carried out with the help of the keywords like "Alzheimer's disease; Hypometabolism; Oxidative stress; energy failure in AD, Insulin; Insulin resistance; Bioenergetics" till June 2020. The review was conducted using the above keywords to collect the latest articles and to understand the nature of the extensive work carried out on insulin resistance and bioenergetic manifestations in Alzheimer's disease. KEY FINDINGS The article sheds light on insulin resistance mediated hypometabolic state on pathological progression of AD. The disrupted insulin signaling has pathological outcome in form of disturbed glucose homeostasis, altered bioenergetic state which increases build-up of senile plaques (Aβ), neurofibrillary tangles (τ), decline in transportation of glucose and activation of inflammatory pathways. The mechanistic link of insulin resistant state with therapeutically explorable potential transduction pathways is the focus of the reviewed work. SIGNIFICANCE The present work opines that the mechanism by which the insulin resistance mediates dysregulation of bioenergetics and progresses to neurodegenerative state holds the tangible potential to succeed in the development of novel dementia therapies. Further, hypometabolic complications and altered insulin signaling may be explored as a mechanistic relation between bioenergetic deficits and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India; Govt. College of Pharmacy, Rohru, District Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171207, India
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Patwa J, Flora SJS. Heavy Metal-Induced Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Insights into Molecular Mechanisms and Possible Reversal Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113862. [PMID: 32485831 PMCID: PMC7313017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals are considered a continuous threat to humanity, as they cannot be eradicated. Prolonged exposure to heavy metals/metalloids in humans has been associated with several health risks, including neurodegeneration, vascular dysfunction, metabolic disorders, cancer, etc. Small blood vessels are highly vulnerable to heavy metals as they are directly exposed to the blood circulatory system, which has comparatively higher concentration of heavy metals than other organs. Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is an umbrella term used to describe various pathological processes that affect the cerebral small blood vessels and is accepted as a primary contributor in associated disorders, such as dementia, cognitive disabilities, mood disorder, and ischemic, as well as a hemorrhagic stroke. In this review, we discuss the possible implication of heavy metals/metalloid exposure in CSVD and its associated disorders based on in-vitro, preclinical, and clinical evidences. We briefly discuss the CSVD, prevalence, epidemiology, and risk factors for development such as genetic, traditional, and environmental factors. Toxic effects of specific heavy metal/metalloid intoxication (As, Cd, Pb, Hg, and Cu) in the small vessel associated endothelium and vascular dysfunction too have been reviewed. An attempt has been made to highlight the possible molecular mechanism involved in the pathophysiology, such as oxidative stress, inflammatory pathway, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression, and amyloid angiopathy in the CSVD and related disorders. Finally, we discussed the role of cellular antioxidant defense enzymes to neutralize the toxic effect, and also highlighted the potential reversal strategies to combat heavy metal-induced vascular changes. In conclusion, heavy metals in small vessels are strongly associated with the development as well as the progression of CSVD. Chelation therapy may be an effective strategy to reduce the toxic metal load and the associated complications.
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Balestrini CS, Al-Khazraji BK, Suskin N, Shoemaker JK. Does vascular stiffness predict white matter hyperintensity burden in ischemic heart disease with preserved ejection fraction? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H1401-H1409. [PMID: 32357114 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00057.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The survival rate of patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) is increasing. However, survivors experience increased risk for neurological complications. The mechanisms for this increased risk are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that patients with IHD have greater carotid and cerebrovascular stiffness, and these indexes predict white matter small vessel disease. Fifty participants (age, 40-78 yr), 30 with IHD with preserved ejection fraction and 20 healthy age-matched controls, were studied using ultrasound imaging of the common carotid artery (CCA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA), as well as magnetic resonance imaging (T1, T2-FLAIR), to measure white matter lesion volume (WMLv). Carotid β-stiffness provided the primary measure of peripheral vascular stiffness. Carotid-cerebral pulse wave transit time (ccPWTT) provided a marker of cerebrovascular stiffness. Pulsatility index (PI) and resistive index (RI) of the MCA were calculated as measures of downstream cerebrovascular resistance. When compared with controls, patients with IHD exhibited greater β-stiffness [8.5 ± 3.3 vs. 6.8 ± 2.2 arbitrary units (AU); P = 0.04], MCA PI (1.1 ± 0.20 vs. 0.98 ± 0.18 AU; P = 0.02), and MCA RI (0.66 ± 0.06 vs. 0.62 ± 0.07 AU; P = 0.04). There was no difference in WMLv between IHD and control groups (0.95 ± 1.2 vs. 0.86 ± 1.4 mL; P = 0.81). In pooled patient data, WMLv correlated with both β-stiffness (R = 0.34, P = 0.02) and cerebrovascular ccPWTT (R = -0.43, P = 0.02); however, β-stiffness and ccPWTT were not associated (P = 0.13). In multivariate analysis, WMLv remained independently associated with ccPWTT (P = 0.02) and carotid β-stiffness (P = 0.04). Patients with IHD expressed greater β-stiffness and cerebral microvascular resistance. However, IHD did not increase risk of WMLv or cerebrovascular stiffness. Nonetheless, pooled data indicate that both carotid and cerebrovascular stiffness are independently associated with WMLv.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study found that patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) with preserved ejection fraction and normal blood pressures exhibit greater carotid β-stiffness, as well as middle cerebral artery pulsatility and resistive indexes, than controls. White matter lesion volume (WMLv) was not different between vascular pathology groups. Cerebrovascular pulse wave transit time (ccPWTT) and carotid β-stiffness independently associate with WMLv in pooled participant data, suggesting that regardless of heart disease history, ccPWTT and β-stiffness are associated with structural white matter damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Neville Suskin
- Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention Program of Saint Joseph's Health Care London, London, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and Program of Experimental Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Kevin Shoemaker
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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35
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Ding G, Zhao X, Wang Y, Song D, Chen D, Deng Y, Xing W, Dong H, Zhou Y, Li D, Hou H. Evaluation of the relationship between cognitive impairment and suboptimal health status in a northern Chinese population: a cross-sectional study. J Glob Health 2020; 10:010804. [PMID: 32257168 PMCID: PMC7101211 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.010804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Suboptimal health status (SHS) is an intermediate health status between ideal health and illness. As a determinant of cardiovascular disease and stroke, SHS is hypothesized to be associated with the development of cognitive impairment and dementia. This study aimed to investigate whether individuals with SHS have poor cognitive ability based on a community-based cohort in northern Chinese population. Methods 3524 participants who were enrolled in Jidong cohort 2015 in Tangshan City were investigated in this study. Cognitive function was measured with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). SHS level was evaluated using a self-reporting Suboptimal Health Status Questionnaire-25 (SHSQ-25). The relationship between SHS and cognitive function was analyzed with logistic regression analysis, by which odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Results The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 3.4% (121/3524) in our study, with the prevalence rates of 1.9% (34/1750) among men and 4.9% (87/1774) in women. The medians of total score of MMSE were 28 (interquartile range (IQR) = 27-29) in the SHS group, and 29 (IQR = 27-30) in the ideal health group. Logistic regression analysis showed that SHS was significantly correlated with cognitive impairment (adjusted OR = 2.936, 95% CI = 1.428-6.033). With regard to gender, the OR was 5.067 (95% CI = 1.346-19.068) in men, which was higher than that in women (OR = 2.324, 95% CI = 1.130-4.779). Conclusions SHS might be a risk factor for cognitive function in northern Chinese population. Early screening of SHS individuals, as well as urgent treatment of SHS might contribute to the prevention of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyong Ding
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong Province, China.,Equal authorship
| | - Xuan Zhao
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong Province, China.,Equal authorship
| | - Youxin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Equal authorship
| | - Daiyu Song
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dongzhen Chen
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yang Deng
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Weijia Xing
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hualei Dong
- Taishan Hospital of Shandong Province, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dong Li
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Haifeng Hou
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong Province, China
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Modeling Mixed Vascular and Alzheimer's Dementia Using Focal Subcortical Ischemic Stroke in Human ApoE4-TR:5XFAD Transgenic Mice. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 11:1064-1076. [PMID: 32086779 PMCID: PMC10075511 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-020-00786-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Subcortical white matter ischemic lesions are increasingly recognized to have pathologic overlap in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The interaction of white matter ischemic lesions with amyloid pathology seen in AD is poorly characterized. We designed a novel mouse model of subcortical white matter ischemic stroke and AD that can inform our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of mixed vascular and AD dementia. Subcortical white matter ischemic stroke underlying forelimb motor cortex was induced by local stereotactic injection of an irreversible eNOS inhibitor. Subcortical white matter ischemic stroke or sham procedures were performed on human ApoE4-targeted-replacement (TR):5XFAD mice at 8 weeks of age. Behavioral tests were done at 7, 10, 15, and 20 weeks. A subset of animals underwent 18FDG-PET/CT. At 20 weeks of age, brain tissue was examined for amyloid plaque accumulation and cellular changes. Compared with sham E4-TR:5XFAD mice, those with an early subcortical ischemic stroke showed a significant reduction in amyloid plaque burden in the region of cortex overlying the subcortical stroke. Cognitive performance was improved in E4-TR:5XFAD mice with stroke compared with sham E4-TR:5XFAD animals. Iba-1+ microglial cells in the region of cortex overlying the subcortical stroke were increased in number and morphologic complexity compared with sham E4-TR:5XFAD mice, suggesting that amyloid clearance may be promoted by an interaction between activated microglia and cortical neurons in response to subcortical stroke. This novel approach to modeling mixed vascular and AD dementia provides a valuable tool for dissecting the molecular interactions between these two common pathologies.
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Kurt B, Ozleyen A, Antika G, Yilmaz YB, Tumer TB. Multitarget Profiling of a Strigolactone Analogue for Early Events of Alzheimer's Disease: In Vitro Therapeutic Activities against Neuroinflammation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:501-507. [PMID: 32017526 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathological changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are directly linked to the early inflammatory microenvironment in the brain. Therefore, disease-modifying agents targeting neuroinflammation may open up new avenues in the treatment of AD. Strigolactones (SLs), subclasses of structurally diverse and biologically active apocarotenoids, have been recently identified as novel phytohormones. In spite of the remarkable anticancer capacity shown by SLs, their effects on the brain remained unexplored. Herein, the SIM-A9 microglial cell line was used as a phenotypic screening tool to search for the representative SL, GR24, demonstrating marked potency in the suppression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammatory/neurotoxic mediators by regulating NF-κB, Nrf2, and PPARγ signaling. GR24 also in the brain endothelial cell line bEnd.3 mitigated the LPS-increased permeability as evidenced by reduced Evans' blue extravasation through enhancing the expression of tight junction protein, occludin. Collectively, the present work shows the anti-neuroinflammatory and glia/neuroprotective properties of GR24, making SLs promising scaffolds for the development of novel anti-AD candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begum Kurt
- Graduate Program of Biomolecular Sciences, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, 17020 Turkey
| | - Adem Ozleyen
- Graduate Program of Biomolecular Sciences, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, 17020 Turkey
| | - Gizem Antika
- Graduate Program of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, 17020 Turkey
| | - Yakup Berkay Yilmaz
- Graduate Program of Biomolecular Sciences, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, 17020 Turkey
| | - Tugba Boyunegmez Tumer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, 17020 Turkey
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Han Y, Zhou A, Li F, Wang Q, Xu L, Jia J. Apolipoprotein E ε4 allele is associated with vascular cognitive impairment no dementia in Chinese population. J Neurol Sci 2020; 409:116606. [PMID: 31865187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.116606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele and vascular cognitive impairment no dementia (VCIND) is still controversial. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between the APOE ε4 allele and patients with VCIND after cerebral infarction. METHODS This study included first-ever cerebral infarction patients 3-12 months after the attack at the Xuanwu Hospital between June 2012 and December 2014. Patients were divided into VCIND group and normal cognition group (NC group).The APOE ε4 carriers (including ε2/ε4, ε3/ε4 and ε4/ε4 genotypes) and ε4 allele frequency were analyzed in relation to cognition grouping after cerebral infarction. MRI features of infarctions and some known risk factors for VCIND,as confounding factors, were also analyzed for correlation with VCIND at the same time. RESULTS Participants (n = 707) were divided into the VCIND (n = 361) and NC (n = 346) groups. The percentage of APOE ε4 carriers was higher in the VCIND group (23.6%) than in the NC group (12.7%, P < .001).The APOE ε4 allele frequency was higher in the VCIND group (12.5%) than in the NC group (6.7%, P = .001). Regardless of other confounding factors, such as male gender (OR = 1.963, 95%CI: 1.394-2.763, P < .001), age (OR = 1.034, 95%CI: 1.017-1.052, P < .001), education (OR = 0.834, 95%CI: 0.795-0.875, P < .001), hypertension (OR = 2.044, 95%CI: 1.460-2.861, P < .001), hyperlipidemia (OR = 0.682, 95%CI: 0.482-0.965, P = .031), infarction lesion diameter (OR = 1.044, 95%CI: 1.017-1.072, P = .001) and white matter lesions (OR = 1.330, 95%CI: 1.126-1.571, P = .001), the APOE ε4 allele was independently associated with VCIND (OR = 2.244, 95%CI: 1.454-3.463, P < .001). CONCLUSION These results confirms the hypothesis that the APOE ε4 allele is a risk factor associated with VCIND after cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Han
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, PR China
| | - Aihong Zhou
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, PR China
| | - Fangyu Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lingzhi Xu
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jianping Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, PR China; Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, PR China.
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Karamanova N, Truran S, Serrano GE, Beach TG, Madine J, Weissig V, Davies HA, Veldhuizen J, Nikkhah M, Hansen M, Zhang W, D'Souza K, Franco DA, Migrino RQ. Endothelial Immune Activation by Medin: Potential Role in Cerebrovascular Disease and Reversal by Monosialoganglioside-Containing Nanoliposomes. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e014810. [PMID: 31928157 PMCID: PMC7033828 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.014810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The function of medin, one of the most common human amyloid proteins that accumulates in the vasculature with aging, remains unknown. We aim to probe medin's role in cerebrovascular disease by comparing cerebral arterial medin content between cognitively normal and vascular dementia (VaD) patients and studying its effects on endothelial cell (EC) immune activation and neuroinflammation. We also tested whether monosialoganglioside‐containing nanoliposomes could reverse medin's adverse effects. Methods and Results Cerebral artery medin and astrocyte activation were measured and compared between VaD and cognitively normal elderly brain donors. ECs were exposed to physiologic dose of medin (5 μmol/L), and viability and immune activation (interleukin‐8, interleukin‐6, intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1) were measured without or with monosialoganglioside‐containing nanoliposomes (300 μg/mL). Astrocytes were exposed to vehicle, medin, medin‐treated ECs, or their conditioned media, and interleukin‐8 production was compared. Cerebral collateral arterial and parenchymal arteriole medin, white matter lesion scores, and astrocyte activation were higher in VaD versus cognitively normal donors. Medin induced EC immune activation (increased interleukin‐8, interleukin‐6, intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1) and reduced EC viability, which were reversed by monosialoganglioside‐containing nanoliposomes. Interleukin‐8 production was augmented when astrocytes were exposed to medin‐treated ECs or their conditioned media. Conclusions Cerebral arterial medin is higher in VaD compared with cognitively normal patients. Medin induces EC immune activation that modulates astrocyte activation, and its effects are reversed by monosialoganglioside‐containing nanoliposomes. Medin is a candidate novel risk factor for aging‐related cerebrovascular disease and VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mehdi Nikkhah
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs Phoenix AZ.,Arizona State University Tempe AZ
| | | | | | | | | | - Raymond Q Migrino
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs Phoenix AZ.,University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix Phoenix AZ
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40
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Allen B, Muldoon MF, Gianaros PJ, Thayer JF, Jennings JR. The prospective relationship between prehypertension, race, and whole-brain white matter microstructure. J Hum Hypertens 2020; 34:82-89. [PMID: 30804463 PMCID: PMC6708769 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-019-0184-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Compared with whites, blacks develop hypertension earlier in life, progress from prehypertension to hypertension at an accelerated rate, and exhibit greater hypertension-mediated organ damage (e.g., kidney disease, stroke). In this paper, we tested whether the longitudinal associations between elevated systolic blood pressure and disruption of brain white matter structural integrity differ as a function of race. A community sample of 100 middle-aged adults with prehypertension underwent diffusion imaging to quantify indirect metrics of white matter structural integrity, including fractional anisotropy. Blood pressure and diffusion imaging measurements were collected at baseline and at a 2-year follow-up. Regression analyses showed that higher systolic blood pressure at baseline was associated with a decrease in fractional anisotropy over 2 years in blacks only (β = -0.51 [95% CI = -0.85, -0.16], t = -2.93, p = 0.004, ΔR2 = 0.09). These findings suggest that blacks are more susceptible to the impact of systolic prehypertension on white matter structural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
| | - Matthew F Muldoon
- Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter J Gianaros
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Julian F Thayer
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J Richard Jennings
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Cardiovascular risks impact human brain N-acetylaspartate in regionally specific patterns. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:25243-25249. [PMID: 31754041 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1907730116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular risk factors such as dyslipidemia and hypertension increase the risk for white matter pathology and cognitive decline. We hypothesize that white matter levels of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), a chemical involved in the metabolic pathway for myelin lipid synthesis, could serve as a biomarker that tracks the influence of cardiovascular risk factors on white matter prior to emergence of clinical changes. To test this, we measured levels of NAA across white matter and gray matter in the brain using echo planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) in 163 individuals and examined the relationship of regional NAA levels and cardiovascular risk factors as indexed by the Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Score (FCVRS). NAA was strongly and negatively correlated with FCVRS across the brain, but, after accounting for age and sex, the association was found primarily in white matter regions, with additional effects found in the thalamus, hippocampus, and cingulate gyrus. FCVRS was also negatively correlated with creatine levels, again primarily in white matter. The results suggest that cardiovascular risks are related to neurochemistry with a predominantly white matter pattern and some subcortical and cortical gray matter involvement. NAA mapping of the brain may provide early surveillance for the potential subclinical impact of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors on the brain.
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Quantitative MRI of cerebral white matter hyperintensities: A new approach towards understanding the underlying pathology. Neuroimage 2019; 202:116077. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Brown RB, Traylor M, Burgess S, Sawcer S, Markus HS. Do Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Multiple Sclerosis Share Common Mechanisms of White Matter Injury? Stroke 2019; 50:1968-1972. [PMID: 31221055 PMCID: PMC6661245 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.118.023649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- The role of inflammation in ischemic white matter disease is increasingly recognized, and further understanding of the pathophysiology might inform future treatment strategies. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune condition in which inflammation plays a central role that also affects the white matter. We hypothesized that white matter injury might share common mechanisms and used statistical genetics techniques to assess whether having genetically elevated white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume was associated with increased MS risk. Methods- We investigated the genetic association in 2 cohorts with magnetic resonance imaging-quantified ischemic white matter lesion volume (WMH in stroke; n=2797 and UK Biobank; n=8353) and 14 802 cases of MS and 26 703 controls from the International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium. We further performed individual-level polygenic risk score calculations for MS and measures of structural white matter disease in UK Biobank. Finally, we looked for evidence of overlapping risk across the whole genome. Results- There was no association of genetic variants influencing MS with WMH volume using summary statistics in the WMH in stroke cohort (relative risk score =1.014; 95% CI, 0.936-1.110) or in the UK Biobank cohort (relative risk score =1.030; 95% CI, 0.932-1.117). Conversely, assessing the contribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms significantly associated with WMH on the risk of MS there was no significant association (relative risk score =0.930; 95% CI, 0.736-1.191). There were no significant associations between polygenic risk scores calculations; these results were robust to the selection of single nucleotide polymorphisms at a range of significance thresholds. Whole genome analysis did not reveal any overlap of risk between the traits. Conclusions- Our results do not provide evidence to suggest a shared mechanism of white matter damage in ischemia and MS. We propose that inflammation acts in distinct pathways because of the differing nature of the primary insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin B. Brown
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.B.B., M.T., S.S., H.S.M.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Traylor
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.B.B., M.T., S.S., H.S.M.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Burgess
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care (S.B.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, United Kingdom (S.B.)
| | - Stephen Sawcer
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.B.B., M.T., S.S., H.S.M.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh S. Markus
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.B.B., M.T., S.S., H.S.M.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
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44
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Levit A, Regis AM, Gibson A, Hough OH, Maheshwari S, Agca Y, Agca C, Hachinski V, Allman BL, Whitehead SN. Impaired behavioural flexibility related to white matter microgliosis in the TgAPP21 rat model of Alzheimer disease. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 80:25-34. [PMID: 30776475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Executive dysfunction and white matter inflammation continue to be relatively understudied in rodent models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Behavioural inflexibility is an important component of executive dysfunction that can be further categorized as perseverative or regressive, which respectively specify whether maladaptive persistence occurs early or late during a behavioural change. Previous studies of the TgAPP21 rat model of AD (expressing pathogenic hAPP) suggested a potentially spontaneous increase of regressive behavioral inflexibility. In this study, 7-8-month-old male TgAPP21 rats were tested for behavioral flexibility, learning, and memory using an operant conditioning chamber and the Morris Water Maze (MWM). TgAPP21 rats demonstrated a regressive behavioral inflexibility during set shifting in an operant conditioning chamber (regressive errors η2 = 0.32 and number of errors after criterion η2 = 0.33). Regressive behavior was also demonstrated in the MWM probe test, wherein TgAPP21 rats significantly increased their swim time in the target quadrant during the last third of the probe test (43% vs 33% in the first 2 thirds of the probe test or the Wt rats' 29%-32%); this behavioral phenotype has not been previously described in the MWM. TgAPP21 demonstrated further impairment of behavioural inflexibility as they committed a greater number of reversal errors in the operant conditioning chamber (η2 = 0.30). Diffuse microglia activation was increased in the white matter tracts of TgAPP21 (corpus callosum, cingulum, and internal capsule; η2 = 0.59-0.62), which was found to correlate with the number of reversal errors in the operant conditioning chamber (R2 = 0.42). As TgAPP21 rats do not spontaneously develop amyloid plaques but have been shown in previous studies to be vulnerable to the development of plaques, these rats demonstrate an important onset of cognitive change and inflammation in the pre-plaque phase of AD. TgAPP21 rats are also an instrumental model for studying the role and mechanism of white matter microglial activation in executive functioning. This is pertinent to clinical research of prodromal AD which has suggested that white matter inflammation may underlie impairment of executive functions such as behavioral flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Levit
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Aaron M Regis
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Gibson
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Olivia H Hough
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Shikhar Maheshwari
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Yuksel Agca
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Cansu Agca
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Vladimir Hachinski
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University Hospital, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Brian L Allman
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Shawn N Whitehead
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University Hospital, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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Tangestani Fard M, Stough C. A Review and Hypothesized Model of the Mechanisms That Underpin the Relationship Between Inflammation and Cognition in the Elderly. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:56. [PMID: 30930767 PMCID: PMC6425084 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is associated with increased risk for several disorders including dementias, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, obesity, and diabetes. Age is also associated with cognitive decline particularly in cognitive domains associated with memory and processing speed. With increasing life expectancies in many countries, the number of people experiencing age-associated cognitive impairment is increasing and therefore from both economic and social terms the amelioration or slowing of cognitive aging is an important target for future research. However, the biological causes of age associated cognitive decline are not yet, well understood. In the current review, we outline the role of inflammation in cognitive aging and describe the role of several inflammatory processes, including inflamm-aging, vascular inflammation, and neuroinflammation which have both direct effect on brain function and indirect effects on brain function via changes in cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Con Stough
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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46
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Arba F, Piccardi B, Palumbo V, Giusti B, Nencini P, Gori AM, Sereni A, Nesi M, Pracucci G, Bono G, Bovi P, Fainardi E, Consoli D, Nucera A, Massaro F, Orlandi G, Perini F, Tassi R, Sessa M, Toni D, Abbate R, Inzitari D. Small Vessel Disease Is Associated with Tissue Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinase-4 After Ischaemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2019; 10:44-51. [PMID: 29687301 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-018-0627-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Small vessel disease (SVD) is frequent in aging and stroke patients. Inflammation and remodeling of extracellular matrix have been suggested as concurrent mechanisms of SVD. We investigated the relationship between imaging features of SVD and circulating metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in patients with ischaemic stroke. In patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis, we took blood samples before intravenous thrombolysis and 90 days after the acute stroke and analysed levels of MMPs and TIMPs. We assessed leukoaraiosis, number of lacunes and brain atrophy on pre-treatment CT scan and graded global SVD burden combining such features. We investigated associations between single features, global SVD and MMPs and TIMPs at baseline and at follow-up, retaining univariate statistically significant associations in multivariate linear regression analysis and adjusting for clinical confounders. A total of 255 patients [mean (±SD) = 68.6 (± 12.7) years, 154 (59%) males] were included, 107 (42%) had no signs of SVD; 47 (19%) had from moderate to severe SVD burden. A total of 107 (42%) patients had no signs of SVD; 47 (19%) had from moderate to severe SVD burden. After adjustment, only TIMP-4 proved associations with SVD features. Brain atrophy was associated with baseline TIMP-4 (β = 0.20;p = 0.019) and leukoaraiosis with 90 days TIMP-4 (β = 0.19; p = 0.013). Global SVD score was not associated with baseline TIMP-4 levels (β = 0.10; p = 0.072), whereas was associated with 90 days TIMP-4 levels (β = 0.21; p = 0.003). Total SVD burden was associated with higher TIMP-4 levels 90 days after stroke, whereas was not during the acute phase. Our results support a biological relationship between SVD grade and TIMP-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Arba
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Neuroscience Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
- Stroke Unit and Neurology, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.
| | - Benedetta Piccardi
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Neuroscience Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Stroke Unit and Neurology, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Vanessa Palumbo
- Stroke Unit and Neurology, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Betti Giusti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Atherothrombotic Diseases Center, AOU Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Patrizia Nencini
- Stroke Unit and Neurology, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Gori
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Atherothrombotic Diseases Center, AOU Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alice Sereni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Atherothrombotic Diseases Center, AOU Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mascia Nesi
- Stroke Unit and Neurology, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pracucci
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Neuroscience Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bono
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy
| | - Paolo Bovi
- SSO Stroke Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Azienda Ospedaliera Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Enrico Fainardi
- Department of Neuroradiology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Antonia Nucera
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Giovanni Orlandi
- Department of Neurosciences, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Perini
- UOC di Neurologia e Stroke Unit, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Rossana Tassi
- U.O.C. Stroke Unit, Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche e Neurosensoriali, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Sessa
- U.O. Neurologia, DAI Neuroscienze-Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Danilo Toni
- Emergency Department Stroke Unit, Department of Neurological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Abbate
- Centro Studi Medicina Avanzata (CESMAV), Florence, Italy
| | - Domenico Inzitari
- Institute of Neuroscience, Italian National Research Council, Florence, Italy
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47
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Deletion of interferon-regulatory factor-1 results in cognitive impairment. Hypertens Res 2018; 41:809-816. [PMID: 30082820 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0080-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-regulatory factor (IRF)-1-dependent genes in neurons play a role in ischemic neuronal death; however, the roles of IRF-1 in dementia are not well investigated. Therefore, we assessed the effect of IRF-1 on cognitive function using a vascular cognitive impairment mouse model created by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Male 10-week-old C57BL/6 (wild-type; WT) and IRF-1-knockout (IRF-1KO) mice were used in this study. A chronic cerebral hypoperfusion mouse model was generated by bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) treatment. After 6 weeks of BCAS, the mice were subjected to the Morris water maze test five times a day for 5 days. In the Morris water maze task, escape latency was significantly prolonged in sham-operated IRF-1KO mice compared with sham-operated WT mice. However, BCAS treatment cancelled such difference in spatial learning between WT and IRF-1KO mice. BCAS treatment decreased CBF, but no significant difference was observed between the two strains after BCAS. Sham-operated IRF-1KO mice showed a decrease in mRNA expression of caspase-1 and an increase in IRF-2 expression in the hippocampus. Expression of angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptor, which induces better cognitive function, is regulated by IRF-1; however, no obvious difference in AT2 receptor expression was observed between the two strains even after BCAS. These results suggest that IRF-1 has a protective effect on cognitive decline in a normal condition; however, there was no obvious effect on cognition after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion treatment.
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Weekman EM, Woolums AE, Sudduth TL, Wilcock DM. Hyperhomocysteinemia-Induced Gene Expression Changes in the Cell Types of the Brain. ASN Neuro 2018; 9:1759091417742296. [PMID: 29198136 PMCID: PMC5718317 DOI: 10.1177/1759091417742296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High plasma levels of homocysteine, termed hyperhomocysteinemia, are a risk factor for vascular cognitive impairment and dementia, which is the second leading cause of dementia. While hyperhomocysteinemia induces microhemorrhages and cognitive decline in mice, the specific effect of hyperhomocysteinemia on each cell type remains unknown. We took separate cultures of astrocytes, microglia, endothelial cells, and neuronal cells and treated each with moderate levels of homocysteine for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr. We then determined the gene expression changes for cell-specific markers and neuroinflammatory markers including the matrix metalloproteinase 9 system. Astrocytes had decreased levels of several astrocytic end feet genes, such as aquaporin 4 and an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel at 72 hr, as well as an increase in matrix metalloproteinase 9 at 48 hr. Gene changes in microglia indicated a peak in proinflammatory markers at 48 hr followed by a peak in the anti-inflammatory marker, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist, at 72 hr. Endothelial cells had reduced occludin expression at 72 hr, while kinases and phosphatases known to alter tau phosphorylation states were increased in neuronal cells. This suggests that hyperhomocysteinemia induces early proinflammatory changes in microglia and astrocytic changes relevant to their interaction with the vasculature. Overall, the data show how hyperhomocysteinemia could impact Alzheimer’s disease and vascular cognitive impairment and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M Weekman
- 1 Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,2 Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Abigail E Woolums
- 1 Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Tiffany L Sudduth
- 1 Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Donna M Wilcock
- 1 Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,2 Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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49
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Early effects of a high-caloric diet and physical exercise on brain volumetry and behavior: a combined MRI and histology study in mice. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 11:1385-1396. [PMID: 27734300 PMCID: PMC5653704 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9638-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Excessive intake of high-caloric diets as well as subsequent development of obesity and diabetes mellitus may exert a wide range of unfavorable effects on the central nervous system (CNS) in the long-term. The potentially harmful effects of such diets were suggested to be mitigated by physical exercise. Here, we conducted a study investigating early effects of a cafeteria-diet on gray and white brain matter volume by means of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and region-of-interest (ROI) analysis. Half of the mice performed voluntary wheel running to study if regular physical exercise prevents unfavorable effects of a cafeteria-diet. In addition, histological analyses for myelination and neurogenesis were performed. As expected, wheel running resulted in a significant increase of gray matter volume in the CA1-3 areas, the dentate gyrus and stratum granulosum of the hippocampus in the VBM analysis, while a positive effect of the cafeteria-diet was shown for the whole hippocampal CA1-3 area only in the ROI analysis, indicating a regional volume effect. It was earlier found that hippocampal neurogenesis may be related to volume increases after exercise. Interestingly, while running resulted in a significant increase in neurogenesis assessed by doublecortin (DCX)-labeling, this was not true for cafeteria diet. This indicates different underlying mechanisms for gray matter increase. Moreover, animals receiving cafeteria diet only showed mild deficits in long-term memory assessed by the puzzle-box paradigm, while executive functioning and short term memory were not affected. Our data therefore highlight that high caloric diet impacts on the brain and behavior. Physical exercise seems not to interact with these mechanisms.
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50
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Li S, Shao Y, Li K, HuangFu C, Wang W, Liu Z, Cai Z, Zhao B. Vascular Cognitive Impairment and the Gut Microbiota. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 63:1209-1222. [PMID: 29689727 DOI: 10.3233/jad-171103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sinian Li
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yiming Shao
- The Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Kanglan Li
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Changmei HuangFu
- Department of Gerontology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Central Hospital of Longhua District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhou Liu
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhiyou Cai
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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