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Miao ZW, Wang N, Hu WJ, Zheng SL, Wang DS, Chang FQ, Wang Z, Tian JS, Dong XH, Wu T, Miao CY. Chronic vascular pathogenesis results in the reduced serum Metrnl levels in ischemic stroke patients. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:914-925. [PMID: 38253637 PMCID: PMC11053017 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01204-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Metrnl is a secreted protein involved in neurite outgrowth, insulin sensitivity, immunoinflammatory responses, blood lipids and endothelial protection. In this study, we investigated the role of Metrnl in ischemic stroke. Fifty-eight ischemic stroke patients (28 inpatient patients within 2 weeks of onset and 30 emergency patients within 24 h of onset) and 20 healthy controls were enrolled. Serum Metrnl was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We showed that serum Metrnl levels were significantly reduced in both inpatient and emergency patient groups compared with the controls. Different pathological causes for ischemic stroke such as large artery atherosclerosis and small artery occlusion exhibited similar reduced serum Metrnl levels. Transient ischemic attack caused by large artery atherosclerosis without brain infarction also had lower serum Metrnl levels. Metrnl was correlated with some metabolic, inflammatory and clotting parameters. Reduced serum Metrnl was associated with the severity of intracranial arterial stenosis and the presence of ischemic stroke. In order to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the reduced serum Metrnl levels, we established animal models of ischemic stroke in normal mice, atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E-knockout mice and Metrnl-knockout mice by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) using intraluminal filament or electrocoagulation. We demonstrated that serum Metrnl levels were significantly lower in atherosclerosis mice than normal mice, whereas acute ischemic stroke injury in normal mice and atherosclerosis mice did not alter serum Metrnl levels. Metrnl knockout did not affect acute ischemic stroke injury and death. We conclude that reduced serum Metrnl levels are attributed to the chronic vascular pathogenesis before the onset of ischemic stroke. Metrnl is a potential target for prevention of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Wei Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Nuo Wang
- Department of Neuroloy and Neurovascular Center, The First Affiliated Hospital (Changhai Hospital), Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wen-Jun Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Si-Li Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fu-Qiang Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jia-Sheng Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Neuroloy and Neurovascular Center, The First Affiliated Hospital (Changhai Hospital), Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Chao-Yu Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Zhang H, Xie X, Xu S, Wang C, Sun S, Song X, Li R, Li N, Feng Y, Duan H, Li D, Liu Z. Oligodendrocyte-derived exosomes-containing SIRT2 ameliorates depressive-like behaviors and restores hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity via the AKT/GSK-3β pathway in depressed mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14661. [PMID: 38439616 PMCID: PMC10912796 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the antidepressant role of oligodendrocyte-derived exosomes (ODEXs)-containing sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) and the underlying mechanism both in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Oligodendrocyte-derived exosomes isolated from mouse serum were administered to mice with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression via the tail vein. The antidepressant effects of ODEXs were assessed through behavioral tests and quantification of alterations in hippocampal neuroplasticity. The role of SIRT2 was confirmed using the selective inhibitor AK-7. Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) were used to further validate the impact of overexpressed SIRT2 and ODEXs on neurogenesis and synapse formation in vitro. RESULTS Oligodendrocyte-derived exosome treatment alleviated depressive-like behaviors and restored neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in CUMS mice. SIRT2 was enriched in ODEXs, and blocking SIRT2 with AK-7 reversed the antidepressant effects of ODEXs. SIRT2 overexpression was sufficient to enhance neurogenesis and synaptic protein expression. Mechanistically, ODEXs mediated transcellular delivery of SIRT2, targeting AKT deacetylation and AKT/GSK-3β signaling to regulate neuroplasticity. CONCLUSION This study establishes how ODEXs improve depressive-like behaviors and hippocampal neuroplasticity and might provide a promising therapeutic approach for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghan Zhang
- Department of PsychiatryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Xin‐hui Xie
- Department of PsychiatryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Shu‐xian Xu
- Department of PsychiatryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of PsychiatryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Siqi Sun
- Department of PsychiatryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Xinhua Song
- Clinical College of Traditional Chinese MedicineHubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhanChina
| | - Ruiling Li
- Department of PsychiatryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Ningyuan Li
- Department of PsychiatryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Yuqi Feng
- Department of PsychiatryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Hao Duan
- Department of PsychiatryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Di Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of PsychiatryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
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Bettinetti-Luque M, Trujillo-Estrada L, Garcia-Fuentes E, Andreo-Lopez J, Sanchez-Varo R, Garrido-Sánchez L, Gómez-Mediavilla Á, López MG, Garcia-Caballero M, Gutierrez A, Baglietto-Vargas D. Adipose tissue as a therapeutic target for vascular damage in Alzheimer's disease. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:840-878. [PMID: 37706346 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue has recently been recognized as an important endocrine organ that plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and in the immune response in many metabolic tissues. With this regard, emerging evidence indicates that an important crosstalk exists between the adipose tissue and the brain. However, the contribution of adipose tissue to the development of age-related diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, remains poorly defined. New studies suggest that the adipose tissue modulates brain function through a range of endogenous biologically active factors known as adipokines, which can cross the blood-brain barrier to reach the target areas in the brain or to regulate the function of the blood-brain barrier. In this review, we discuss the effects of several adipokines on the physiology of the blood-brain barrier, their contribution to the development of Alzheimer's disease and their therapeutic potential. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue From Alzheimer's Disease to Vascular Dementia: Different Roads Leading to Cognitive Decline. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.6/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Bettinetti-Luque
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Laura Trujillo-Estrada
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Garcia-Fuentes
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Andreo-Lopez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Varo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología Humana, Histología Humana, Anatomía Patológica y Educación Física y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Lourdes Garrido-Sánchez
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ángela Gómez-Mediavilla
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina. Instituto Teófilo Hernando para la I+D de Fármacos, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela G López
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina. Instituto Teófilo Hernando para la I+D de Fármacos, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IIS-IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Melissa Garcia-Caballero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Baglietto-Vargas
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Miao ZW, Wang Z, Zheng SL, Wang SN, Miao CY. Anti-stroke biologics: from recombinant proteins to stem cells and organoids. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2024:svn-2023-002883. [PMID: 38286483 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2023-002883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of biologics in various diseases has dramatically increased in recent years. Stroke, a cerebrovascular disease, is the second most common cause of death, and the leading cause of disability with high morbidity worldwide. For biologics applied in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke, alteplase is the only thrombolytic agent. Meanwhile, current clinical trials show that two recombinant proteins, tenecteplase and non-immunogenic staphylokinase, are most promising as new thrombolytic agents for acute ischaemic stroke therapy. In addition, stem cell-based therapy, which uses stem cells or organoids for stroke treatment, has shown promising results in preclinical and early clinical studies. These strategies for acute ischaemic stroke mainly rely on the unique properties of undifferentiated cells to facilitate tissue repair and regeneration. However, there is a still considerable journey ahead before these approaches become routine clinical use. This includes optimising cell delivery methods, determining the ideal cell type and dosage, and addressing long-term safety concerns. This review introduces the current or promising recombinant proteins for thrombolysis therapy in ischaemic stroke and highlights the promise and challenges of stem cells and cerebral organoids in stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Wei Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/ Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/ Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Li Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/ Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Na Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/ Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Yu Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/ Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Hu J, Duan H, Zou J, Ding W, Wei Z, Peng Q, Li Z, Duan R, Sun J, Zhu J. METTL3-dependent N6-methyladenosine modification is involved in berberine-mediated neuroprotection in ischemic stroke by enhancing the stability of NEAT1 in astrocytes. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:299-321. [PMID: 38180752 PMCID: PMC10817396 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the principal causes of disability and death worldwide. Berberine (BBR), derived from the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Huang Lian, has been reported to inhibit the progression of stroke, but the specific mechanism whereby BBR modulates the progression of ischemic stroke remains unclear. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is the most typical epigenetic modification of mRNA post-transcriptional modifications, among which METTL3 is the most common methylation transferase. During the study, the middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) was established in mice, and the mice primary astrocytes and neurons induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) was simulated in vitro. Level of LncNEAT1, miR-377-3p was detected via RT-qPCR. The levels of Nampt and METTL3 were measured by Western blot. CCK8 and LDH assay was performed to detect cell viability. Here, we found that berberine alleviates MCAO/R-induced ischemic injury and up-regulates the expression of Nampt in astrocytes, miR-377-3p inhibits the expression of Nampt in astrocytes after OGD/R, thus promoting neuronal injury. NEAT1 binds to miR-377-3p in OGD/R astrocytes and plays a neuronal protective role as a ceRNA. METTL3 can enhance NEAT1 stability in OGD/R astrocytes by modulating m6A modification of NEAT1. Taken together, our results demonstrate that berberine exerts neuroprotective effects via the m6A methyltransferase METTL3, which regulates the NEAT1/miR-377-3p/Nampt axis in mouse astrocytes to ameliorate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Huijie Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Junqing Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Wangli Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Ziqiao Wei
- Department of Second Clinical Medical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Qiang Peng
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Zhongyuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Rui Duan
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Jianguo Sun
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Junrong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
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6
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Guo G, Yang J, Guo W, Deng H, Yu H, Bai S, Li G, Tang Y, Zhang P, Xu Y, Pan C, Tang Z. Homocysteine impedes neurite outgrowth recovery after intracerebral haemorrhage by downregulating pCAMK2A. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2023; 8:335-348. [PMID: 36854487 PMCID: PMC10512087 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2022-002165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is independently associated with poorer long-term prognosis in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH); however, the effect and mechanisms of HHcy on ICH are still unclear. Here, we evaluated neurite outgrowth and neurological functional recovery using simulated models of ICH with HHcy in vitro and in vivo. We found that the neurite outgrowth velocity and motor functional recovery in the ICH plus HHcy group were significantly slower than that in the control group, indicating that homocysteine (Hcy) significantly impedes the neurite outgrowth recovery after ICH. Furthermore, phosphoproteomic data and signalome analysis of perihematomal brain tissues suggested that calmodulin-dependent protein kinases 2 (CAMK2A) kinase substrate pairs were significantly downregulated in ICH with HHcy compared with autologous blood injection only, both western blot and immunofluorescence staining confirmed this finding. Additionally, upregulation of pCAMK2A significantly increased neurite outgrowth recovery in ICH with HHcy. Collectively, we clarify the mechanism of HHcy-hindered neurite outgrowth recovery, and pCAMK2A may serve as a therapeutic strategy for promoting neurological recovery after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Guo
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingfei Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenliang Guo
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Deng
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haihan Yu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuang Bai
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gaigai Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yingxin Tang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chao Pan
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhouping Tang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Liu Y, Wang L, Yang G, Chi X, Liang X, Zhang Y. Sirtuins: Promising Therapeutic Targets to Treat Ischemic Stroke. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1210. [PMID: 37627275 PMCID: PMC10452362 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability globally, with ischemic stroke (IS) accounting for over 80% of all stroke cases. The pathological process of IS involves numerous signal molecules, among which are the highly conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent enzymes known as sirtuins (SIRTs). SIRTs modulate various biological processes, including cell differentiation, energy metabolism, DNA repair, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Importantly, several studies have reported a correlation between SIRTs and IS. This review introduces the general aspects of SIRTs, including their distribution, subcellular location, enzyme activity, and substrate. We also discuss their regulatory roles and potential mechanisms in IS. Finally, we describe the current therapeutic methods based on SIRTs, such as pharmacotherapy, non-pharmacological therapeutic/rehabilitative interventions, epigenetic regulators, potential molecules, and stem cell-derived exosome therapy. The data collected in this study will potentially contribute to both clinical and fundamental research on SIRTs, geared towards developing effective therapeutic candidates for future treatment of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Liuding Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Guang Yang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China;
| | - Xiansu Chi
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiao Liang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Yunling Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
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8
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Li L, Li X, Han R, Wu M, Ma Y, Chen Y, Zhang H, Li Y. Therapeutic Potential of Chinese Medicine for Endogenous Neurogenesis: A Promising Candidate for Stroke Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050706. [PMID: 37242489 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Strokes are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in adults worldwide. Extensive preclinical studies have shown that neural-stem-cell-based treatments have great therapeutic potential for stroke. Several studies have confirmed that the effective components of traditional Chinese medicine can protect and maintain the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells through different targets and mechanisms. Therefore, the use of Chinese medicines to activate and promote endogenous nerve regeneration and repair is a potential treatment option for stroke patients. Here, we summarize the current knowledge regarding neural stem cell strategies for ischemic strokes and the potential effects of these Chinese medicines on neuronal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Rui Han
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Meirong Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yaolei Ma
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuzhao Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yue Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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Lu W, Ji H, Wu D. SIRT2 plays complex roles in neuroinflammation neuroimmunology-associated disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1174180. [PMID: 37215138 PMCID: PMC10196137 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1174180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and neuroimmunology-associated disorders, including ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative disease, commonly cause severe neurologic function deficits, including bradypragia, hemiplegia, aphasia, and cognitive impairment, and the pathological mechanism is not completely clear. SIRT2, an NAD+-dependent deacetylase predominantly localized in the cytoplasm, was proven to play an important and paradoxical role in regulating ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative disease. This review summarizes the comprehensive mechanism of the crucial pathological functions of SIRT2 in apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, neuroinflammation, and immune response. Elaborating on the mechanism by which SIRT2 participates in neuroinflammation and neuroimmunology-associated disorders is beneficial to discover novel effective drugs for diseases, varying from vascular disorders to neurodegenerative diseases.
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Neuregulin-1/PI3K signaling effects on oligodendrocyte proliferation, remyelination and behaviors deficit in a male mouse model of ischemic stroke. Exp Neurol 2023; 362:114323. [PMID: 36690057 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of neuregulin-1 (NRG1) on demyelination and neurological function in an ischemic stroke model, and further explored its neuroprotective mechanisms. Adult male ICR mice underwent photothrombotic ischemia surgery and were injected with NRG1 beginning 30 min after ischemia. Cylinder and grid walking tests were performed to evaluate the forepaw function. In addition, the effect of NRG1 on neuronal damage/death (Cresyl violet, CV), neuronal nuclei (NeuN), nestin, doublecortin (DCX), myelin basic protein (MBP), non-phosphorylated neurofilaments (SMI-32), adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog (ErbB) 2, 4 and serine-threonine protein kinase (Akt) in cortex were evaluated using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and western blot. The cylinder and grid walking tests exposed that treatment of NRG1 observably regained the forepaw function. NRG1 treatment reduced cerebral infarction, restored forepaw function, promoted proliferation and differentiation of neuron and increased oligodendrogliogenesis. The neuroprotective effect of NRG1 is involved in its activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway via ErbB2, as shown by the suppression of the effect of NRG1 by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Our results demonstrate that NRG1 is effective in ameliorating the both acute phase neuroprotection and long-term neurological functions via resumption of neuronal proliferation and differentiation and oligodendrogliogenesis in a male mouse model of ischemic stroke.
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11
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Wang SN, Wang Z, Wang XY, Zhang XP, Xu TY, Miao CY. Humanized cerebral organoids-based ischemic stroke model for discovering of potential anti-stroke agents. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:513-523. [PMID: 36100766 PMCID: PMC9958103 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00986-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing a stoke experimental model, which is better in line with the physiology and function of human brain, is the bottleneck for the development of effective anti-stroke drugs. A three-dimensional cerebral organoids (COs) from human pluripotent stem cells can mimic cell composition, cortical structure, brain neural connectivity and epigenetic genomics of in-vivo human brain, which provides a promising application in establishing humanized ischemic stroke model. COs have been used for modeling low oxygen condition-induced hypoxic injury, but there is no report on the changes of COs in response to in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced damage of ischemic stroke as well as its application in testing anti-stroke drugs. In this study we compared the cell composition of COs at different culture time and explored the cell types, cell ratios and volume size of COs at 85 days (85 d-CO). The 85 d-CO with diameter more than 2 mm was chosen for establishing humanized ischemic stroke model of OGD. By determining the time-injury relationship of the model, we observed aggravated ischemic injury of COs with OGD exposure time, obtaining first-hand evidence for the damage degree of COs under different OGD condition. The sensitivity of the model to ischemic injury and related treatment was validated by the proven pan-Caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK (20 μM) and Bcl-2 inhibitor navitoclax (0.5 μM). Neuroprotective agents edaravone, butylphthalide, P7C3-A20 and ZL006 (10 μM for each) exerted similar beneficial effects in this model. Taken together, this study establishes a humanized ischemic stroke model based on COs, and provides evidence as a new research platform for anti-stroke drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Na Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xi-Yuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Tian-Ying Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Department of Anesthesia Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Chao-Yu Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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12
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Helman T, Braidy N. Importance of NAD+ Anabolism in Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Drugs Aging 2023; 40:33-48. [PMID: 36510042 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-022-00989-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in ageing has emerged as a critical factor in understanding links to a wide range of chronic diseases. Depletion of NAD+, a central redox cofactor and substrate of numerous metabolic enzymes, has been detected in many major age-related diseases. However, the mechanisms behind age-associated NAD+ decline remains poorly understood. Despite limited conclusive evidence, supplements aimed at increasing NAD+ levels are becoming increasingly popular. This review provides renewed insights regarding the clinical utility and benefits of NAD+ precursors, namely nicotinamide (NAM), nicotinic acid (NA), nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), in attenuating NAD+ decline and phenotypic characterization of age-related disorders, including metabolic, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. While it is anticipated that NAD+ precursors can play beneficial protective roles in several conditions, they vary in their ability to promote NAD+ anabolism with differing adverse effects. Careful evaluation of the role of NAD+, whether friend or foe in ageing, should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Helman
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, NPI, Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, University of New South Wales, Barker Street, Randwick, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, NPI, Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, University of New South Wales, Barker Street, Randwick, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia.
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13
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Zheng SL, Wang DS, Dong X, Guan YF, Qi Q, Hu WJ, Hong C, Zhang C, Miao CY. Distribution of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide after Intravenous Injection in Normal and Ischemic Stroke Mice. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2023; 24:299-309. [PMID: 35593333 DOI: 10.2174/1389201023666220518113219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study determined for the first time the distribution of intravenous nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and its metabolite nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) in normal and ischemic stroke mice, examined the therapeutic effect of NMN on ischemic brain infarction, and evaluated acute toxicity of NMN after intravenous injection of NMN. METHODS NMN and NAD levels were determined using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in biological samples from mice with or without middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) at different time points post intravenous NMN injection (300 mg/kg). Brain infarction was evaluated 24 h post-MCAO. 2 g/kg NMN was used in the acute toxicity test. RESULTS Under either normal or MCAO conditions, serum NMN levels sharply increased after intravenous NMN administration and then decreased rapidly within 15 min, while serum NAD levels remained unchanged during 30 min observation. Both substances displayed tissue accumulation over time and stored faster under MCAO conditions, with kidney having the highest concentrations. Particularly, NMN accumulated earlier than NAD in the brain. Moreover, NMN reduced cerebral infarction at 24 h post-MCAO. No acute toxicity was observed for 14 days. NRK1 and SLC12A8 involved in two pathways of NMN uptake exhibited the highest expressions in kidney and colon, respectively, among 11 different tissues. CONCLUSION NMN distributes to various tissues after intravenous injection and has the ability to enter the brain to boost NAD levels, and exhibits safety and therapeutic effect on acute ischemic stroke injury. High renal distribution of NMN indicates its importance in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Li Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University / Naval Medical University, 325 Guo He Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University / Naval Medical University, 325 Guo He Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xin Dong
- School of Medicine, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yun-Feng Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University / Naval Medical University, 325 Guo He Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University / Naval Medical University, 325 Guo He Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wen-Jun Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University / Naval Medical University, 325 Guo He Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chen Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University / Naval Medical University, 325 Guo He Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- School of Medicine, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Chao-Yu Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University / Naval Medical University, 325 Guo He Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
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14
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Kawamura T, Singh Mallah G, Ardalan M, Chumak T, Svedin P, Jonsson L, Jabbari Shiadeh SM, Goretta F, Ikeda T, Hagberg H, Sandberg M, Mallard C. Therapeutic Effect of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide for Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Neonatal Mice. ASN Neuro 2023; 15:17590914231198983. [PMID: 37787108 PMCID: PMC10548811 DOI: 10.1177/17590914231198983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY STATEMENT Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia reduces nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and SIRT6 levels in the injured hippocampus.Hippocampal high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) release is significantly increased after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia.Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) treatment normalizes hippocampal NAD+ and SIRT6 levels, with significant decrease in caspase-3 activity and HMGB1 release.NMN improves early developmental behavior, as well as motor and memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kawamura
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Gagandeep Singh Mallah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tetyana Chumak
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Svedin
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lina Jonsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Seyedeh Marziyeh Jabbari Shiadeh
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fanny Goretta
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tomoaki Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Sandberg
- Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Mallard
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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15
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Xie W, Zhu T, Zhang S, Sun X. Protective effects of Gypenoside XVII against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via SIRT1-FOXO3A- and Hif1a-BNIP3-mediated mitochondrial autophagy. J Transl Med 2022; 20:622. [PMID: 36572901 PMCID: PMC9793669 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03830-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial autophagy maintains mitochondrial function and cellular homeostasis and plays a critical role in the pathological process of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI). Whether Gypenoside XVII (GP17) has regulatory effects on mitochondrial autophagy against CIRI remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacodynamic effects and mechanisms of GP17 on mitochondrial autophagy after CIRI. METHODS A rat middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model was used to assess the effects of GP17 against CIRI and to explore the underlying mechanisms. An oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) cell model was used to verify the ameliorative effects on mitochondrial damage and to probe the autophagy pathways involved in combating neural injuries. RESULTS The in vivo results showed that GP17 significantly improved mitochondrial metabolic functions and suppressed cerebral ischemic injury, possibly via the autophagy pathway. Further research revealed that GP17 maintains moderate activation of autophagy under ischemic and OGD conditions, producing neuroprotective effects against CIRI, and that the regulation of mitochondrial autophagy is associated with crosstalk between the SIRT1-FOXO3A and Hif1a-BNIP3 signalling pathway that is partially eliminated by the specific inhibitors AGK-7 and 2-ME. CONCLUSION Overall, this work offers new insights into the mechanisms by which GP17 protects against CIRI and highlights the potential of therapy with Notoginseng leaf triterpene compounds as a novel clinical strategy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Xie
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China ,Key Laboratory of Material Basis and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Beijing, 100193 China ,grid.454878.20000 0004 5902 7793State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Efficacy evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in intervention of disorders of glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Beijing, 100193 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Mental Health Centre, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Ting Zhu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China ,Key Laboratory of Material Basis and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Beijing, 100193 China ,grid.454878.20000 0004 5902 7793State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Efficacy evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in intervention of disorders of glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Beijing, 100193 China ,grid.410645.20000 0001 0455 0905Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Shuxia Zhang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China ,Key Laboratory of Material Basis and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Beijing, 100193 China ,grid.454878.20000 0004 5902 7793State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Efficacy evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in intervention of disorders of glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China ,Key Laboratory of Material Basis and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Beijing, 100193 China ,grid.454878.20000 0004 5902 7793State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Efficacy evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in intervention of disorders of glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Beijing, 100193 China
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16
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Role of NAD + and FAD in Ischemic Stroke Pathophysiology: An Epigenetic Nexus and Expanding Therapeutic Repertoire. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022:10.1007/s10571-022-01287-4. [PMID: 36180651 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The redox coenzymes viz., oxidized β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) by way of generation of optimal reducing power and cellular energy currency (ATP), control a staggering array of metabolic reactions. The prominent cellular contenders for NAD+ utilization, inter alia, are sirtuins (SIRTs) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1), which have been significantly implicated in ischemic stroke (IS) pathogenesis. NAD+ and FAD are also two crucial epigenetic enzyme-required metabolites mediating histone deacetylation and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation through SIRTs and PARP-1 respectively, and demethylation through FAD-mediated lysine specific demethylase activity. These enzymes and post-translational modifications impinge on the components of neurovascular unit, primarily neurons, and elicit diverse functional upshots in an ischemic brain. These could be circumstantially linked with attendant cognitive deficits and behavioral outcomes in post-stroke epoch. Parsing out the contribution of NAD+/FAD-synthesizing and utilizing enzymes towards epigenetic remodeling in IS setting, together with their cognitive and behavioral associations, combined with possible therapeutic implications will form the crux of this review.
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17
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Culig L, Chu X, Bohr VA. Neurogenesis in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 78:101636. [PMID: 35490966 PMCID: PMC9168971 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, the process by which neurons are generated in certain areas of the adult brain, declines in an age-dependent manner and is one potential target for extending cognitive healthspan. Aging is a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases and, as lifespans are increasing, these health challenges are becoming more prevalent. An age-associated loss in neural stem cell number and/or activity could cause this decline in brain function, so interventions that reverse aging in stem cells might increase the human cognitive healthspan. In this review, we describe the involvement of adult neurogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases and address the molecular mechanistic aspects of neurogenesis that involve some of the key aggregation-prone proteins in the brain (i.e., tau, Aβ, α-synuclein, …). We summarize the research pertaining to interventions that increase neurogenesis and regulate known targets in aging research, such as mTOR and sirtuins. Lastly, we share our outlook on restoring the levels of neurogenesis to physiological levels in elderly individuals and those with neurodegeneration. We suggest that modulating neurogenesis represents a potential target for interventions that could help in the fight against neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Culig
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Xixia Chu
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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18
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Agonistic analog of growth hormone-releasing hormone promotes neurofunctional recovery and neural regeneration in ischemic stroke. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2109600118. [PMID: 34782465 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109600118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke can induce neurogenesis. However, most stroke-generated newborn neurons cannot survive. It has been shown that MR-409, a potent synthetic agonistic analog of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), can protect against some life-threatening pathological conditions by promoting cell proliferation and survival. The present study shows that long-term treatment with MR-409 (5 or 10 μg/mouse/d) by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection significantly reduces the mortality, ischemic insult, and hippocampal atrophy, and improves neurological functional recovery in mice operated on for transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Besides, MR-409 can stimulate endogenous neurogenesis and improve the tMCAO-induced loss of neuroplasticity. MR-409 also enhances the proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of neural stem cells treated with oxygen and glucose deprivation-reperfusion. The neuroprotective effects of MR-409 are closely related to the activation of AKT/CREB and BDNF/TrkB pathways. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that GHRH agonist MR-409 has remarkable neuroprotective effects through enhancing endogenous neurogenesis in cerebral ischemic mice.
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19
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Garcia-Venzor A, Toiber D. SIRT6 Through the Brain Evolution, Development, and Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:747989. [PMID: 34720996 PMCID: PMC8548377 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.747989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During an organism's lifespan, two main phenomena are critical for the organism's survival. These are (1) a proper embryonic development, which permits the new organism to function with high fitness, grow and reproduce, and (2) the aging process, which will progressively undermine its competence and fitness for survival, leading to its death. Interestingly these processes present various similarities at the molecular level. Notably, as organisms became more complex, regulation of these processes became coordinated by the brain, and failure in brain activity is detrimental in both development and aging. One of the critical processes regulating brain health is the capacity to keep its genomic integrity and epigenetic regulation-deficiency in DNA repair results in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. As the brain becomes more complex, this effect becomes more evident. In this perspective, we will analyze how the brain evolved and became critical for human survival and the role Sirt6 plays in brain health. Sirt6 belongs to the Sirtuin family of histone deacetylases that control several cellular processes; among them, Sirt6 has been associated with the proper embryonic development and is associated with the aging process. In humans, Sirt6 has a pivotal role during brain aging, and its loss of function is correlated with the appearance of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. However, Sirt6 roles during brain development and aging, especially the last one, are not observed in all species. It appears that during the brain organ evolution, Sirt6 has gained more relevance as the brain becomes bigger and more complex, observing the most detrimental effect in the brains of Homo sapiens. In this perspective, we part from the evolution of the brain in metazoans, the biological similarities between brain development and aging, and the relevant functions of Sirt6 in these similar phenomena to conclude with the evidence suggesting a more relevant role of Sirt6 gained in the brain evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Garcia-Venzor
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Debra Toiber
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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20
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Li C, Wu LE. Risks and rewards of targeting NAD + homeostasis in the brain. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 198:111545. [PMID: 34302821 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Strategies to correct declining nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels in neurological disease and biological ageing are promising therapeutic candidates. These strategies include supplementing with NAD+ precursors, small molecule activation of NAD+ biosynthetic enzymes, and treatment with small molecule inhibitors of NAD+ consuming enzymes such as CD38, SARM1 or members of the PARP family. While these strategies have shown efficacy in animal models of neurological disease, each of these has the mechanistic potential for adverse events that could preclude their preclinical use. Here, we discuss the implications of these strategies for treating neurological diseases, including potential off-target effects that may be unique to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Li
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Lindsay E Wu
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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21
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de Guia RM, Hassing AS, Ma T, Plucinska K, Holst B, Gerhart-Hines Z, Emanuelli B, Treebak JT. Ablation of Nampt in AgRP neurons leads to neurodegeneration and impairs fasting- and ghrelin-mediated food intake. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21450. [PMID: 33788980 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002740r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus regulates food intake and whole-body metabolism. NAD+ regulates multiple cellular processes controlling energy metabolism. Yet, its role in hypothalamic AgRP neurons to control food intake is poorly understood. Here, we aimed to assess whether genetic deletion of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt), a rate-limiting enzyme in NAD+ production, affects AgRP neuronal function to impact whole-body metabolism and food intake. Metabolic parameters during fed and fasted states, and upon systemic ghrelin and leptin administration were studied in AgRP-specific Nampt knockout (ARNKO) mice. We monitored neuropeptide expression levels and density of AgRP neurons in ARNKO mice from embryonic to adult age. NPY cells were used to determine effects of NAMPT inhibition on neuronal viability, energy status, and oxidative stress in vitro. In these cells, NAD+ depletion reduced ATP levels, increased oxidative stress, and promoted cell death. Agrp expression in the hypothalamus of ARNKO mice gradually decreased after weaning due to progressive AgRP neuron degeneration. Adult ARNKO mice had normal glucose and insulin tolerance, but exhibited an elevated respiratory exchange ratio (RER) when fasted. Remarkably, fasting-induced food intake was unaffected in ARNKO mice when evaluated in metabolic cages, but fasting- and ghrelin-induced feeding and body weight gain decreased in ARNKO mice when evaluated outside metabolic cages. Collectively, deletion of Nampt in AgRP neurons causes progressive neurodegeneration and impairs fasting and ghrelin responses in a context-dependent manner. Our data highlight an essential role of Nampt in AgRP neuron function and viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roldan Medina de Guia
- Integrative Metabolism and Environmental Influences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna S Hassing
- Integrative Metabolism and Environmental Influences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tao Ma
- Integrative Metabolism and Environmental Influences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kaja Plucinska
- Integrative Metabolism and Environmental Influences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zach Gerhart-Hines
- Integrative Metabolism and Environmental Influences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brice Emanuelli
- Integrative Metabolism and Environmental Influences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Integrative Metabolism and Environmental Influences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Chen H, Yan C, Cao J, Liu Z, Sun Y, Wang Y. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Tetramethylpyrazine- nitrone Derivatives as Antioxidants. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180817999201117145311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy are the two main therapeutic
strategies for ischemic stroke in clinic. However, reperfusion injury causes oxidative stress leading
to overproduction of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent cell death.
Methods:
We designed and synthesized two tetramethylpyrazine-nitrone derivatives (T-003 and T-
005) and investigated their abilities for scavenging free radicals and protective effects as well as
neurite outgrowth promotion in vitro.
Results:
Both of them showed potent radical-scavenging activity and neuroprotective effects
against iodoacetic acid-induced cell injury. Furthermore, T-003 and T-005 significantly promoted
neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells.
Conclusion:
Our results suggest that compound T-003 and T-005 could be potent antioxidants for
the treatment of neurological disease, particularly ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou,China
| | - Chunyan Yan
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou,China
| | - Jie Cao
- Institute of New Drug Research, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou,China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Foshan Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan,China
| | - Yewei Sun
- Institute of New Drug Research, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou,China
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- Institute of New Drug Research, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou,China
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Shi YH, Zhang XL, Ying PJ, Wu ZQ, Lin LL, Chen W, Zheng GQ, Zhu WZ. Neuroprotective Effect of Astragaloside IV on Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Rats Through Sirt1/Mapt Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:639898. [PMID: 33841157 PMCID: PMC8033022 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.639898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ischemic stroke is a common disease with poor prognosis, which has become one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is the main bioactive ingredient of Astragali Radix (which has been used for ischemic stroke for thousands of years) and has been found to have multiple bioactivities in the nervous system. In the present study, we aimed to explore the neuroprotective effects of AS-IV in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CIR) injury targeting the Sirt1/Mapt pathway. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats (male, 250-280 g) were randomly divided into the Sham group, middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) group, AS-IV group, MCAO/R + EX527 (SIRT1-specific inhibitor) group, and AS-IV + EX527 group. Each group was further assigned into several subgroups according to ischemic time (6 h, 1 d, 3 d, and 7 days). The CIR injury was induced in MCAO/R group, AS-IV group, MCAO/R + EX527 group, and AS-IV + EX527 group by MCAO surgery in accordance with the modified Zea Longa criteria. Modified Neurological Severity Scores (mNSS) were used to evaluate the neurological deficits; TTC (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride) staining was used to detect cerebral infarction area; Western Blot was used to assess the protein levels of SIRT1, acetylated MAPT (ac-MAPT), phosphorylated MAPT (p-MAPT), and total MAPT (t-MAPT); Real-time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) was used in the detection of Sirt1 and Mapt transcriptions. Results: Compared with the MCAO/R group, AS-IV can significantly improve the neurological dysfunction (p < 0.05), reduce the infarction area (p < 0.05), raise the expression of SIRT1 (p < 0.05), and alleviate the abnormal hyperacetylation and hyperphosphorylation of MAPT (p < 0.05). While compared with the AS-IV group, AS-IV + EX527 group showed higher mNSS scores (p < 0.05), more severe cerebral infarction (p < 0.05), lower SIRT1 expression (p < 0.01), and higher ac-MAPT and p-MAPT levels (p < 0.05). Conclusion: AS-IV can improve the neurological deficit after CIR injury in rats and reduce the cerebral infarction area, which exerts neuroprotective effects probably through the Sirt1/Mapt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hua Shi
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xi-Le Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peng-Jie Ying
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zi-Qian Wu
- Department of Neurology, Wenzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated toZhejiang Chinese Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Le-Le Lin
- Department of Neurology, Wenzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated toZhejiang Chinese Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wen-Zong Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Wenzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated toZhejiang Chinese Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Xu D, Li F, Xue G, Hou K, Fang W, Li Y. Effect of Wnt signaling pathway on neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia and its therapeutic potential. Brain Res Bull 2020; 164:1-13. [PMID: 32763283 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenesis process in the chronic phase of ischemic stroke has become the focus of research on stroke treatment recently, mainly through the activation of related pathways to increase the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the brain sub-ventricular zone (SVZ) and subgranular zone (SGZ) of hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) areas into neurons, promoting neurogenesis. While there is still debate about the longevity of active adult neurogenesis in humans, the SVZ and SGZ have the capacity to upregulate neurogenesis in response to cerebral ischemia, which opens discussion about potential treatment strategies to harness this neuronal regenerative response. Wnt signaling pathway is one of the most important approaches potentially targeting on neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia, appropriate activation of which in NSCs may help to improve the sequelae of cerebral ischemia. Various therapeutic approaches are explored on preclinical stage to target endogenous neurogenesis induced by Wnt signaling after stroke onset. This article describes the composition of Wnt signaling pathway and the process of neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia, and emphatically introduces the recent studies on the mechanisms of this pathway for post-stroke neurogenesis and the therapeutic possibility of activating the pathway to improve neurogenesis after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Fengyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Gou Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Kai Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Weirong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yunman Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Wang Z, Wang S, Xu T, Hong C, Cheng M, Zhu P, Lin J, Su D, Miao C. Cerebral organoids transplantation improves neurological motor function in rat brain injury. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 26:682-697. [PMID: 32087606 PMCID: PMC7298981 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral organoids (COs) have been used for studying brain development, neural disorders, and species-specific drug pharmacology and toxicology, but the potential of COs transplantation therapy for brain injury remains to be answered. METHODS With preparation of traumatic brain injury (TBI) model of motor dysfunction, COs at 55 and 85 days (55 and 85 d-CO) were transplanted into damaged motor cortex separately to identify better transplantation donor for brain injury. Further, the feasibility, effectiveness, and underlying mechanism of COs transplantation therapy for brain injury were explored. RESULTS 55 d-CO was demonstrated as better transplantation donor than 85 d-CO, evidenced by more neurogenesis and higher cell survival rate without aggravating apoptosis and inflammation after transplantation into damaged motor cortex. Cells from transplanted COs had the potential of multilinage differentiation to mimic in-vivo brain cortical development, support region-specific reconstruction of damaged motor cortex, form neurotransmitter-related neurons, and migrate into different brain regions along corpus callosum. Moreover, COs transplantation upregulated hippocampal neural connection proteins and neurotrophic factors. Notably, COs transplantation improved neurological motor function and reduced brain damage. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed 55 d-CO as better transplantation donor and demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of COs transplantation in TBI, hoping to provide first-hand preclinical evidence of COs transplantation for brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- Department of PharmacologySecond Military Medical University/Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shu‐Na Wang
- Department of PharmacologySecond Military Medical University/Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Tian‐Ying Xu
- Department of PharmacologySecond Military Medical University/Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chen Hong
- Department of PharmacologySecond Military Medical University/Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ming‐He Cheng
- Department of PharmacologySecond Military Medical University/Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Peng‐Xi Zhu
- Department of PharmacologySecond Military Medical University/Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jian‐Sheng Lin
- Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal SystemsCRNL, INSERM U1028‐CNRS UMR 5292School of MedicineClaude Bernard UniversityLyonFrance
| | - Ding‐Feng Su
- Department of PharmacologySecond Military Medical University/Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chao‐Yu Miao
- Department of PharmacologySecond Military Medical University/Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
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26
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Hong W, Mo F, Zhang Z, Huang M, Wei X. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide: A Promising Molecule for Therapy of Diverse Diseases by Targeting NAD+ Metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:246. [PMID: 32411700 PMCID: PMC7198709 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
NAD+, a co-enzyme involved in a great deal of biochemical reactions, has been found to be a network node of diverse biological processes. In mammalian cells, NAD+ is synthetized, predominantly through NMN, to replenish the consumption by NADase participating in physiologic processes including DNA repair, metabolism, and cell death. Correspondingly, aberrant NAD+ metabolism is observed in many diseases. In this review, we discuss how the homeostasis of NAD+ is maintained in healthy condition and provide several age-related pathological examples related with NAD+ unbalance. The sirtuins family, whose functions are NAD-dependent, is also reviewed. Administration of NMN surprisingly demonstrated amelioration of the pathological conditions in some age-related disease mouse models. Further clinical trials have been launched to investigate the safety and benefits of NMN. The NAD+ production and consumption pathways including NMN are essential for more precise understanding and therapy of age-related pathological processes such as diabetes, ischemia–reperfusion injury, heart failure, Alzheimer’s disease, and retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Hong
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Mo
- West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Department of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Department of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyuan Huang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Intraventricular Medium B Treatment Benefits an Ischemic Stroke Rodent Model via Enhancement of Neurogenesis and Anti-apoptosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6596. [PMID: 32313130 PMCID: PMC7171187 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63598-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancement of endogenous neurogenesis after ischemic stroke may improve functional recovery. We previously demonstrated that medium B, which is a combination with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibronectin, can promote neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) proliferation and migration. Here, we showed that medium B promoted proliferation and migration of cultured NSPCs onto various 3-dimentional structures. When rat cortical neurons with oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) were co-cultured with NSPCs, medium B treatment increased neuronal viability and reduced cell apoptosis. In a rat model with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), post-insult intraventricular medium B treatment enhanced proliferation, migration, and neuronal differentiation of NSPCs and diminished cell apoptosis in the infarct brain. In cultured post-OGD neuronal cells and the infarct brain from MCAO rats, medium B treatment increased protein levels of Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, phospho-Akt, phospho-GSK-3β, and β-catenin and decreased the cleaved caspase-3 level, which may be associated with the effects of anti-apoptosis. Notably, intraventricular medium B treatment increased neuronal density, improved motor function and reduced infarct size in MCAO rats. In summary, medium B treatment results in less neuronal death and better functional outcome in both cellular and rodent models of ischemic stroke, probably via promotion of neurogenesis and reduction of apoptosis.
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Plasma Adipokines in Patients Resuscitated from Cardiac Arrest: Difference of Visfatin between Survivors and Nonsurvivors. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:9608276. [PMID: 32015774 PMCID: PMC6988666 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9608276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Adipokines are a group of cytokines or peptides secreted by adipose tissue to exert numerous biological functions. In the present study, we measured the plasma levels of four adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), and visfatin) in cardiac arrest patients following return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Methods Totally, 21 patients who experienced cardiac arrest and successful ROSC with expected survival of at least 48 hours (from January 2016 to December 2017) were consecutively enrolled into this prospective observational clinical study. Of the 21 enrolled patients, ten survived, and other eleven died between 2 days and 6 months post ROSC. Venous blood was drawn at three time points: baseline (<1 hour post ROSC), 2 days post ROSC, and 7 days post ROSC. Plasma concentrations of adiponectin, leptin, FABP4, and visfatin were determined using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results The plasma visfatin levels at 2 or 7 days post ROSC increased significantly compared with the baseline (P < 0.01), while plasma levels of adiponectin, leptin, and FABP4 did not change. Moreover, plasma visfatin levels in survivors at 2 or 7 days post ROSC were higher than those in nonsurvivors (P < 0.01). Plasma visfatin levels at 2 or 7 days post ROSC were negatively correlated with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score and time to ROSC. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the plasma visfatin levels at 2 or 7 days post ROSC were good predictors for survival of the patients. Conclusion Elevated plasma visfatin levels may be a marker for better outcome of cardiac arrest patients post ROSC.
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Braidy N, Liu Y. NAD+ therapy in age-related degenerative disorders: A benefit/risk analysis. Exp Gerontol 2020; 132:110831. [PMID: 31917996 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential pyridine nucleotide that is present in all living cells. NAD+ acts as an important cofactor and substrate for a multitude of biological processes including energy production, DNA repair, gene expression, calcium-dependent secondary messenger signalling and immunoregulatory roles. The de novo synthesis of NAD+ is primarily dependent on the kynurenine pathway (KP), although NAD+ can also be recycled from nicotinic acid (NA), nicotinamide (NAM) and nicotinamide riboside (NR). NAD+ levels have been reported to decline during ageing and age-related diseases. Recent studies have shown that raising intracellular NAD+ levels represents a promising therapeutic strategy for age-associated degenerative diseases in general and to extend lifespan in small animal models. A systematic review of the literature available on Medline, Embase and Pubmed was undertaken to evaluate the potential health and/or longevity benefits due to increasing NAD+ levels. A total of 1545 articles were identified and 147 articles (113 preclinical and 34 clinical) met criteria for inclusion. Most studies indicated that the NAD+ precursors NAM, NR, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), and to a lesser extent NAD+ and NADH had a favourable outcome on several age-related disorders associated with the accumulation of chronic oxidative stress, inflammation and impaired mitochondrial function. While these compounds presented with a limited acute toxicity profile, evidence is still quite limited and long-term human clinical trials are still nascent in the current literature. Potential risks in raising NAD+ levels in various clinical disorders using NAD+ precursors include the accumulation of putative toxic metabolites, tumorigenesis and promotion of cellular senescence. Therefore, NAD+ metabolism represents a promising target and further studies are needed to recapitulate the preclinical benefits in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Yue Liu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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30
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Cerebral Organoids Repair Ischemic Stroke Brain Injury. Transl Stroke Res 2019; 11:983-1000. [PMID: 31889243 PMCID: PMC7496035 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-019-00773-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death and main cause of disability worldwide, but with few effective therapies. Although stem cell-based therapy has been proposed as an exciting regenerative medicine strategy for brain injury, there are limitations. The developed cerebral organoids (COs) represent a promising transplantation source for stroke that remains to be answered. Here, we transplanted COs at 55 days and explored the feasibility in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of stroke. COs transplantation at 6 h or even 24 h after MCAO significantly reduces brain infarct volume and improves neurological motor function. Transplanted COs show the potential of multilineage differentiation to mimic in vivo cortical development, support motor cortex region-specific reconstruction, form neurotransmitter-related neurons, and achieve synaptic connection with host brain via in situ differentiation and cell replacement in stroke. Cells from transplanted COs show extensive migration into different brain regions along corpus callosum. The mechanisms underlying COs transplantation therapy are also associated with enhanced neurogenesis, synaptic reconstruction, axonal regeneration and angiogenesis, and decreased neural apoptosis with more survival neurons after stroke. Moreover, COs transplantation promotes predominantly exogenous neurogenesis in the transplantation periphery of ipsilateral cortex and predominantly endogenous neurogenesis in the hippocampus and subventricular zone. Together, we demonstrate the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of COs transplantation in stroke. This preliminary but promising study provides first-hand preclinical evidence for COs transplantation as a potential and effective intervention for stroke treatment.
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31
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The Novel Perspectives of Adipokines on Brain Health. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225638. [PMID: 31718027 PMCID: PMC6887733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
First seen as a fat-storage tissue, the adipose tissue is considered as a critical player in the endocrine system. Precisely, adipose tissue can produce an array of bioactive factors, including cytokines, lipids, and extracellular vesicles, which target various systemic organ systems to regulate metabolism, homeostasis, and immune response. The global effects of adipokines on metabolic events are well defined, but their impacts on brain function and pathology remain poorly defined. Receptors of adipokines are widely expressed in the brain. Mounting evidence has shown that leptin and adiponectin can cross the blood–brain barrier, while evidence for newly identified adipokines is limited. Significantly, adipocyte secretion is liable to nutritional and metabolic states, where defective circuitry, impaired neuroplasticity, and elevated neuroinflammation are symptomatic. Essentially, neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory properties of adipokines underlie their neuroprotective roles in neurodegenerative diseases. Besides, adipocyte-secreted lipids in the bloodstream can act endocrine on the distant organs. In this article, we have reviewed five adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, chemerin, apelin, visfatin) and two lipokines (palmitoleic acid and lysophosphatidic acid) on their roles involving in eating behavior, neurotrophic and neuroprotective factors in the brain. Understanding and regulating these adipokines can lead to novel therapeutic strategies to counteract metabolic associated eating disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, thus promote brain health.
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32
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Wang X, Zhang Z, Zhang N, Li H, Zhang L, Baines CP, Ding S. Subcellular NAMPT-mediated NAD + salvage pathways and their roles in bioenergetics and neuronal protection after ischemic injury. J Neurochem 2019; 151:732-748. [PMID: 31553812 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
NAD+ is a cofactor required for glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and complex I enzymatic reaction. In mammalian cells, NAD+ is predominantly synthesized through the salvage pathway, where nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is the rate-limiting enzyme. Previously, we demonstrated that NAMPT exerts a neuroprotective effect in ischemia through the suppression of mitochondrial dysfunction. Mammalian cells maintain distinct NAD+ pools in the cytosol, mitochondria, and nuclei. However, it is unknown whether mitochondria have an intact machinery for NAD+ salvage, and if so, whether it plays a dominant role in bioenergetics, mitochondrial function, and neuronal protection after ischemia. Here, using mouse primary cortical neuron and cortical tissue preparations, and multiple technologies including cytosolic and mitochondrial subfractionation, viral over-expression of transgenes, molecular biology, and confocal microscopy, we provided compelling evidence that neuronal mitochondria possess an intact machinery of NAMPT-mediated NAD+ salvage pathway, and that NAMPT and nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 3 (NMNAT3) are localized in the mitochondrial matrix. By knocking down NMNAT1-3 and NAMPT with siRNA, we found that NMNAT3 has a larger effect on basal and ATP production-related mitochondrial respiration than NMNAT1-2 in primary cultured neurons, while NMNAT1-2 have a larger effect on glycolytic flux than NMNAT3. Using an oxygen glucose deprivation model, we found that mitochondrial, cytoplasmic, and non-subcellular compartmental over-expressions of NAMPT have a comparable effect on neuronal protection and suppression of apoptosis-inducing factor translocation. The current study provides novel insights into the roles of subcellular compartmental NAD+ salvage pathways in NAD+ homeostasis, bioenergetics, and neuronal protection in ischemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowan Wang
- Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Hailong Li
- Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Christopher P Baines
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Biomedical Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Shinghua Ding
- Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Kong YY, Li GQ, Zhang WJ, Hua X, Zhou CC, Xu TY, Li ZY, Wang P, Miao CY. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase aggravates inflammation and promotes atherosclerosis in ApoE knockout mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:1184-1192. [PMID: 30833708 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0207-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) is the rate-limiting enzyme of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) salvage biosynthesis in mammals, and is involved in fundamental physiological processes and pathophysiology of many diseases. Thus far, however, the role of Nampt in atherosclerosis development is still in debate. In this study, we crossed global Nampt transgenic mice (Nampt-Tg) with a well-established atherosclerosis animal model (ApoE knockout mice, ApoE-/-) to generate ApoE-/-;Nampt-Tg mice and investigated the effects of Nampt overexpression on atherosclerosis development in ApoE-/- mice. Both ApoE-/- and ApoE-/-;Nampt-Tg mice were fed with a pro-atherosclerotic high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. Their serum lipid contents and atherosclerotic lesion were assessed. The results showed that there was no significant difference in body weight or serum levels of glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol between the two strains of mice, but ApoE-/-;Nampt-Tg mice had a significantly higher level of serum non-esterified fatty acid. Compared with ApoE-/- mice, ApoE-/-;Nampt-Tg mice displayed significantly increased atherosclerotic lesion area and thickness, lower collagen content, decreased collagen I/III ratio (collagen immaturation), increased number of apoptotic cells, and enhanced activities of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9. Moreover, macrophage infiltration (F4/80 staining), tumor necrosis factor signaling, and chemokines expression (ICAM-1 and CXCR-4) were all activated in aortic atherosclerotic plaque of ApoE-/-;Nampt-Tg mice compared with ApoE-/- mice. Our results provide in vivo evidence that Nampt transgene aggravates atherosclerotic inflammation and promotes atherosclerosis development in ApoE-/- mice.
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Wang Z, Yuan Y, Zhang Z, Ding K. Inhibition of miRNA-27b enhances neurogenesis via AMPK activation in a mouse ischemic stroke model. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:859-869. [PMID: 30974042 PMCID: PMC6487723 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability, but treatment options remain limited. Recent studies have suggested that cerebral ischemia‐induced neurogenesis plays a vital role in post‐stroke repair. Overactivation of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), a master sensor of energy balance, has been reported to exacerbate neuron apoptosis, but the role of chronic AMPK stimulus in post‐stroke recovery remains unclear. MicroRNAs have emerged as regulators of neurogenesis and have been reported to be involved in neurological function. In this study, we verified that miR‐27b directly targets AMPK and inhibits AMPK expression. In cultured neural stem cells, miR‐27b inhibitor improved proliferation and differentiation via the AMPK signaling pathway, but did not have an obvious effect on cell viability under oxygen and glucose deprivation conditions. In a mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion model, administration of miR‐27b inhibitor significantly enhanced behavioral function recovery and spatial memory. Up‐regulation of neurogenesis was observed both in the subventricular zone and in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Collectively, our data suggest that miR‐27b inhibition promotes recovery after ischemic stroke by regulating AMPK activity. These findings may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, China
| | - Yimei Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, China
| | - Zhaoguang Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, China
| | - Kuiying Ding
- Technology Center, Weifang Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, China
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Wang SN, Miao CY. Targeting NAMPT as a therapeutic strategy against stroke. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2019; 4:83-89. [PMID: 31338216 PMCID: PMC6613878 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2018-000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second and the leading most common cause of death in the world and China, respectively, but with few effective therapies. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is the rate-limiting enzyme for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) salvage synthesis in mammals, thereby influencing NAD-dependent enzymes and constituting a strong endogenous defence system against various stresses. Accumulating in-vitro and in-vivo studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of NAMPT in stroke. Here, we review the direct evidence of NAMPT as a promising target against stroke from five potential therapeutic strategies, including NAMPT overexpression, recombinant NAMPT, NAMPT activators, NAMPT enzymatic product nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), and NMN precursors nicotinamide riboside and nicotinamide, and describe the relevant mechanisms and limitations, providing a promising choice for developing novel and effective therapeutic interventions against ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Na Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Yu Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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36
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Hosseini L, Vafaee MS, Mahmoudi J, Badalzadeh R. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide emerges as a therapeutic target in aging and ischemic conditions. Biogerontology 2019; 20:381-395. [PMID: 30838484 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09805-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) has been described as central coenzyme of redox reactions and is a key regulator of stress resistance and longevity. Aging is a multifactorial and irreversible process that is characterized by a gradual diminution in physiological functions in an organism over time, leading to development of age-associated pathologies and eventually increasing the probability of death. Ischemia is the lack of nutritive blood flow that causes damage and mortality that mostly occurs in various organs during aging. During the process of aging and related ischemic conditions, NAD+ levels decline and lead to nuclear and mitochondrial dysfunctions, resulting in age-related pathologies. The majority of studies have shown that restoring of NAD+ using supplementation with intermediates such as nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside can be a valuable strategy for recovery of ischemic injury and age-associated defects. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms responsible for the reduction in NAD+ levels during ischemic disorders and aging, as well as a particular focus is given to the recent progress in the understanding of NAD+ precursor's effects on aging and ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Hosseini
- Drug Applied Research Center, Department of Physiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Manouchehr S Vafaee
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, BRIDGE: Brain Research-Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Neuroscience Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neuroscience Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Badalzadeh
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Molecular Medicine Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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37
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Zuo Y, Huang L, Enkhjargal B, Xu W, Umut O, Travis ZD, Zhang G, Tang J, Liu F, Zhang JH. Activation of retinoid X receptor by bexarotene attenuates neuroinflammation via PPARγ/SIRT6/FoxO3a pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:47. [PMID: 30791908 PMCID: PMC6385420 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a life-threatening subtype of stroke with high mortality and disabilities. Retinoid X receptor (RXR) has been shown to be neuroprotective against ischemia/reperfusion injury. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the selective RXR agonist bexarotene on neuroinflammation in a rat model of SAH. METHODS Two hundred male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The endovascular perforation induced SAH. Bexarotene was administered intraperitoneally at 1 h after SAH induction. To investigate the underlying mechanism, the selective RXR antagonist UVI3003 and RXR siRNA or SIRT6 inhibitor OSS128167 was administered via intracerebroventricular 1 h before SAH induction. Post-SAH assessments including SAH grade, neurological score, brain water content, Western blot, and immunofluorescence were performed. RESULTS The endogenous RXR and sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) protein levels were increased after SAH. Bexarotene treatment significantly reduced brain edema and improved the short-/long-term neurological deficit after SAH. Mechanistically, bexarotene increased the levels of PPARγ and SIRT6; decreased the expression of phosphorylated FoxO3a (p-FoxO3a), IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-a; and inhibited the microglia activation and neutrophils infiltration at 24 h after SAH. Either UVI3003, OSS128167, or RXR siRNA abolished the neuroprotective effects of bexarotene and its regulation on protein levels of PPARγ/SIRT6/p-FoxO3a after SAH. CONCLUSIONS The activation of RXR by bexarotene attenuated neuroinflammation and improved neurological deficits after SAH. The anti-neuroinflammatory effect was at least partially through regulating PPARγ/SIRT6/FoxO3a pathway. Bexarotene may be a promising therapeutic strategy in the management of SAH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, No.138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus St. Risley Hall, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus St. Risley Hall, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Budbazar Enkhjargal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus St. Risley Hall, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Weilin Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus St. Risley Hall, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Ocak Umut
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus St. Risley Hall, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Zachary D Travis
- Department of Earth and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus St. Risley Hall, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, No.138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus St. Risley Hall, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA. .,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
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38
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Multi-targeted Effect of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide on Brain Bioenergetic Metabolism. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2280-2287. [PMID: 30661231 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02729-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctions in NAD+ metabolism are associated with neurodegenerative diseases, acute brain injury, diabetes, and aging. Loss of NAD+ levels results in impairment of mitochondria function, which leads to failure of essential metabolic processes. Strategies to replenish depleted NAD+ pools can offer significant improvements of pathologic states. NAD+ levels are maintained by two opposing enzymatic reactions, one is the consumption of NAD+ while the other is the re-synthesis of NAD+. Inhibition of NAD+ degrading enzymes, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) and ectoenzyme CD38, following brain ischemic insult can provide neuroprotection. Preservation of NAD+ pools by administration of NAD+ precursors, such as nicotinamide (Nam) or nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), also offers neuroprotection. However, NMN treatment demonstrates to be a promising candidate as a therapeutic approach due to its multi-targeted effect acting as PARP1 and CD38 inhibitor, sirtuins activator, mitochondrial fission inhibitor, and NAD+ supplement. Many neurodegenerative diseases or acute brain injury activate several cellular death pathways requiring a treatment strategy that will target these mechanisms. Since NMN demonstrated the ability to exert its effect on several cellular metabolic pathways involved in brain pathophysiology it seems to be one of the most promising candidates to be used for successful neuroprotection.
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39
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Blaya MO, Wasserman JM, Pieper AA, Sick TJ, Bramlett HM, Dietrich WD. Neurotherapeutic capacity of P7C3 agents for the treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury. Neuropharmacology 2018; 145:268-282. [PMID: 30236963 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health problem around the world. A promising area of research is the characterization of small, drug-like molecules that have potent clinical properties. One pharmacotherapeutic agent in particular, an aminopropyl carbazole called P7C3, was discovered using an in vivo screen to identify new agents that augmented the net magnitude of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. P7C3 greatly enhanced neurogenesis by virtue of increasing survival rates of immature neurons. The potent neuroprotective efficacy of P7C3 is likely due to enhanced nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) activity, which supports critical cellular processes. The scaffold of P7C3 was found to have favorable pharmacokinetic properties, good bioavailability, and was nontoxic. Preclinical studies have shown that administration of the P7C3-series of neuroprotective compounds after TBI can rescue and reverse detrimental cellular events leading to improved functional recovery. In several TBI models and across multiple species, P7C3 and its analogues have produced significant neuroprotection, axonal preservation, robust increases in the net magnitude of adult neurogenesis, protection from injury-induced LTP deficits, and improvement in neurological functioning. This review will elucidate the exciting and diverse therapeutic findings of P7C3 administration in the presence of a complex and multifactorial set of cellular and molecular challenges brought forth by experimental TBI. The clinical potential and broad therapeutic applicability of P7C3 warrants much needed investigation into whether these remedial effects can be replicated in the clinic. P7C3 may serve as an important step forward in the design, understanding, and implementation of pharmacotherapies for treating patients with TBI. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "Novel Treatments for Traumatic Brain Injury".
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan O Blaya
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Joseph M Wasserman
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Andrew A Pieper
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospital Case Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry Case Western Reserve University, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers, Louis Stokes Cleveland VAMC, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Thomas J Sick
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Helen M Bramlett
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, 33125, USA
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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40
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Gano LB, Liang LP, Ryan K, Michel CR, Gomez J, Vassilopoulos A, Reisdorph N, Fritz KS, Patel M. Altered mitochondrial acetylation profiles in a kainic acid model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 123:116-124. [PMID: 29778462 PMCID: PMC6082368 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Impaired bioenergetics and oxidative damage in the mitochondria are implicated in the etiology of temporal lobe epilepsy, and hyperacetylation of mitochondrial proteins has recently emerged as a critical negative regulator of mitochondrial functions. However, the roles of mitochondrial acetylation and activity of the primary mitochondrial deacetylase, SIRT3, have not been explored in acquired epilepsy. We investigated changes in mitochondrial acetylation and SIRT3 activity in the development of chronic epilepsy in the kainic acid rat model of TLE. Hippocampal measurements were made at 48 h, 1 week and 12 weeks corresponding to the acute, latent and chronic stages of epileptogenesis. Assessment of hippocampal bioenergetics demonstrated a ≥ 27% decrease in the ATP/ADP ratio at all phases of epileptogenesis (p < 0.05), whereas cellular NAD+ levels were decreased by ≥ 41% in the acute and latent time points (p < 0.05), but not in chronically epileptic rats. In spontaneously epileptic rats, we found decreased protein expression of SIRT3 and a 60% increase in global mitochondrial acetylation, as well as enhanced acetylation of the known SIRT3 substrates MnSOD, Ndufa9 of Complex I and IDH2 (all p < 0.05), suggesting SIRT3 dysfunction in chronic epilepsy. Mass spectrometry-based acetylomics investigation of hippocampal mitochondria demonstrated a 79% increase in unique acetylated proteins from rats in the chronic phase vs. controls. Pathway analysis identified numerous mitochondrial bioenergetic pathways affected by mitochondrial acetylation. These results suggest SIRT3 dysfunction and aberrant protein acetylation may contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction in chronic epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey B Gano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Li-Ping Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kristen Ryan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Cole R Michel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joe Gomez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Athanassios Vassilopoulos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nichole Reisdorph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kristofer S Fritz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Manisha Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Wang Z, Wang SN, Xu TY, Miao ZW, Su DF, Miao CY. Organoid technology for brain and therapeutics research. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 23:771-778. [PMID: 28884977 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain is one of the most complex organs in human. The current brain research is mainly based on the animal models and traditional cell culture. However, the inherent species differences between humans and animals as well as the gap between organ level and cell level make it difficult to study human brain development and associated disorders through traditional technologies. Recently, the brain organoids derived from pluripotent stem cells have been reported to recapitulate many key features of human brain in vivo, for example recapitulating the zone of putative outer radial glia cells. Brain organoids offer a new platform for scientists to study brain development, neurological diseases, drug discovery and personalized medicine, regenerative medicine, and so on. Here, we discuss the progress, applications, advantages, limitations, and prospects of brain organoid technology in neurosciences and related therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Na Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Ying Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhu-Wei Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding-Feng Su
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Yu Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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42
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Yang X, Geng KY, Zhang YS, Zhang JF, Yang K, Shao JX, Xia WL. Sirt3 deficiency impairs neurovascular recovery in ischemic stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:775-783. [PMID: 29777578 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Sirt3 is one member of the NAD+ -dependent protein deacetylase family and plays crucial roles in diverse aspects of mammalian biological function. Then the role of Sirt3 on ischemia stroke is unknown. METHODS To examine the effect of Sirt3 on ischemic stroke, we performed transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in adult male Sirt3 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. RESULTS The level of Sirt3 in infarct region is decreased after ischemic stroke. In addition, we found that Sirt3 KO mice showed worse neurobehavioral outcome compared with WT mice, accompanied by decreased neurogenesis and angiogenesis as shown by the reduction in number of DCX+ /BrdU+ cells, NeuN+ /BrdU+ cells, and CD31+ /BrdU+ cells in the perifocal region during recovery phase after ischemic stroke. Furthermore, Sirt3 deficiency reduced the activation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), AKT, and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) signaling pathways. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that Sirt3 is beneficial to neurovascular and functional recovery following chronic ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke-Yi Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Shuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Xiang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Liang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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43
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Deletion of Nampt in Projection Neurons of Adult Mice Leads to Motor Dysfunction, Neurodegeneration, and Death. Cell Rep 2018; 20:2184-2200. [PMID: 28854367 PMCID: PMC6021762 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (iNAMPT) is the rate-limiting enzyme of the mammalian NAD+ biosynthesis salvage pathway. Using inducible and conditional knockout (cKO) mice, we show that Nampt gene deletion in adult projection neurons leads to a progressive loss of body weight, hypothermia, motor neuron (MN) degeneration, motor function deficits, paralysis, and death. Nampt deletion causes mitochondrial dysfunction, muscle fiber type conversion, and atrophy, as well as defective synaptic function at neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). When treated with nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), Nampt cKO mice exhibit reduced motor function deficits and prolonged lifespan. iNAMPT protein levels are significantly reduced in the spinal cord of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, indicating the involvement of NAMPT in ALS pathology. Our findings reveal that neuronal NAMPT plays an essential role in mitochondrial bioenergetics, motor function, and survival. Our study suggests that the NAMPT-mediated NAD+ biosynthesis pathway is a potential therapeutic target for degenerative MN diseases.
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44
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Zhao Y, Liu C, Liu J, Kong Q, Mao Y, Cheng H, Li N, Zhang X, Li C, Li Y, Liu L, Ding Z. HSPA12B promotes functional recovery after ischaemic stroke through an eNOS-dependent mechanism. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2252-2262. [PMID: 29411514 PMCID: PMC5867065 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of disability worldwide. HSPA12B, a heat-shock protein recently identified expression specifically in endothelial cells, is able to promote angiogenesis. Here, we have investigated its effects on functional recovery at chronic phase of ischaemic stroke. Ischaemic stroke was induced by 60 min. of middle cerebral artery occlusion in transgenic mice with overexpression of HSPA12B (HSPA12B Tg) and wild-type littermates (WT). HSPA12B Tg mice demonstrated a significant higher survival rate than WT mice within 28 days post-stroke. Significant improved neurological functions, increased spontaneous locomotor activity and decreased anxiety were detected inHSPA12B Tg mice compared with WT controls within 21 days post-stroke. Stroke-induced hippocampal degeneration was attenuated in HSPA12B Tg mice examined at day 28 post-stroke. Interestingly, HSPA12B Tg mice showed enhanced peri-infarct angiogenesis (examined 28 days post-stroke) and hippocampal neurogenesis (examined 7 days post-stroke), respectively, compared to WT mice. The stroke-induced eNOS phosphorylation and TGF-β1 expression were augmented in HSPA12B Tg mice. However, administration with eNOS inhibitor L-NAME diminished the HSPA12B-induced protection in neurological functional recovery and mice survival post-stroke. The data suggest that HSPA12B promoted functional recovery and survival after stroke in an eNOS-dependent mechanism. Targeting HSPA12B expression may have a therapeutic potential for the stroke-evoked functional disability and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Zhao
- Department of GeriatricsJiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chang Liu
- Departments of PharmacologyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jiali Liu
- Department of GeriatricsJiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qiuyue Kong
- Departments of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yu Mao
- Department of GeriatricsJiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hao Cheng
- Departments of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Nan Li
- Departments of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xioajin Zhang
- Department of GeriatricsJiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chuanfu Li
- Departments of SurgeryEast Tennessee State UniversityJohnson CityTNUSA
| | - Yuehua Li
- Department of PathophysiologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular DiseaseCollaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Li Liu
- Department of GeriatricsJiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular DiseaseCollaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhengnian Ding
- Departments of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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Khoury N, Koronowski KB, Young JI, Perez-Pinzon MA. The NAD +-Dependent Family of Sirtuins in Cerebral Ischemia and Preconditioning. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:691-710. [PMID: 28683567 PMCID: PMC5824497 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Sirtuins are an evolutionarily conserved family of NAD+-dependent lysine deacylases and ADP ribosylases. Their requirement for NAD+ as a cosubstrate allows them to act as metabolic sensors that couple changes in the energy status of the cell to changes in cellular physiological processes. NAD+ levels are affected by several NAD+-producing and NAD+-consuming pathways as well as by cellular respiration. Thus their intracellular levels are highly dynamic and are misregulated in a spectrum of metabolic disorders including cerebral ischemia. This, in turn, compromises several NAD+-dependent processes that may ultimately lead to cell death. Recent Advances: A number of efforts have been made to replenish NAD+ in cerebral ischemic injuries as well as to understand the functions of one its important mediators, the sirtuin family of proteins through the use of pharmacological modulators or genetic manipulation approaches either before or after the insult. Critical Issues and Future Directions: The results of these studies have regarded the sirtuins as promising therapeutic targets for cerebral ischemia. Yet, additional efforts are needed to understand the role of some of the less characterized members and to address the sex-specific effects observed with some members. Sirtuins also exhibit cell-type-specific expression in the brain as well as distinct subcellular and regional localizations. As such, they are involved in diverse and sometimes opposing cellular processes that can either promote neuroprotection or further contribute to the injury; which also stresses the need for the development and use of sirtuin-specific pharmacological modulators. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 691-710.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Khoury
- Department of Neurology; Cerebral Vascular Research Laboratories; and Neuroscience Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Kevin B. Koronowski
- Department of Neurology; Cerebral Vascular Research Laboratories; and Neuroscience Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Juan I. Young
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics; Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, and Neuroscience Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Miguel A. Perez-Pinzon
- Department of Neurology; Cerebral Vascular Research Laboratories; and Neuroscience Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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Choi YK. Role of Carbon Monoxide in Neurovascular Repair Processing. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:93-100. [PMID: 29223144 PMCID: PMC5839486 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2017.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a gaseous molecule produced from heme by heme oxygenase (HO). Endogenous CO production occurring at low concentrations is thought to have several useful biological roles. In mammals, especially humans, a proper neurovascular unit comprising endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, and neurons is essential for the homeostasis and survival of the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, the regeneration of neurovascular systems from neural stem cells and endothelial precursor cells after CNS diseases is responsible for functional repair. This review focused on the possible role of CO/HO in the neurovascular unit in terms of neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and synaptic plasticity, ultimately leading to behavioral changes in CNS diseases. CO/HO may also enhance cellular networks among endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, and neural stem cells. This review highlights the therapeutic effects of CO/HO on CNS diseases involved in neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and angiogenesis. Moreover, the cellular mechanisms and interactions by which CO/HO are exploited for disease prevention and their therapeutic applications in traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Kyung Choi
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Lee RHC, Lee MHH, Wu CYC, Couto e Silva A, Possoit HE, Hsieh TH, Minagar A, Lin HW. Cerebral ischemia and neuroregeneration. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:373-385. [PMID: 29623912 PMCID: PMC5900490 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.228711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although stroke (a form of cerebral ischemia)-related costs are expected to reach 240.67 billion dollars by 2030, options for treatment against cerebral ischemia/stroke are limited. All therapies except anti-thrombolytics (i.e., tissue plasminogen activator) and hypothermia have failed to reduce neuronal injury, neurological deficits, and mortality rates following cerebral ischemia, which suggests that development of novel therapies against stroke/cerebral ischemia are urgently needed. Here, we discuss the possible mechanism(s) underlying cerebral ischemia-induced brain injury, as well as current and future novel therapies (i.e., growth factors, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, melatonin, resveratrol, protein kinase C isozymes, pifithrin, hypothermia, fatty acids, sympathoplegic drugs, and stem cells) as it relates to cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reggie H. C. Lee
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Michelle H. H. Lee
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, China
| | - Celeste Y. C. Wu
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Alexandre Couto e Silva
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Harlee E. Possoit
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Tsung-Han Hsieh
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Alireza Minagar
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Center for Brain Health, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Cardiovascular and Metabolomics Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, China
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Zhang G, Zhang T, Li N, Wu L, Gu J, Li C, Zhao C, Liu W, Shan L, Yu P, Yang X, Tang Y, Yang G, Wang Y, Sun Y, Zhang Z. Tetramethylpyrazine nitrone activates the BDNF/Akt/CREB pathway to promote post-ischaemic neuroregeneration and recovery of neurological functions in rats. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:517-531. [PMID: 29161771 PMCID: PMC5773967 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neuronal regeneration from endogenous precursors is an attractive strategy for the treatment of ischaemic stroke. However, most stroke-generated newborn neurons die over time. Therefore, a drug that is both neuroprotective and pro-neurogenic may be beneficial after stroke. Here, we assessed the neurogenic and oligodendrogenic effects of tetramethylpyrazine nitrone (TBN), a neuroprotective drug candidate for stroke, in a rat model of ischaemic stroke. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used Sprague Dawley rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). TBN was administered by tail vein injection beginning at 3 h post ischaemia. Therapeutic effect of TBN was evaluated by neurological behaviour and cerebral infarction. Promotion of neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis was determined by double immunofluorescent staining and Western blotting analyses. Primary cultures of cortical neurons were used to assess the effect of TBN on neuronal differentiation in vitro. KEY RESULTS TBN reduced cerebral infarction, preserved and/or restored neurological function and promoted neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis in rats after MCAO. In addition, TBN stimulated neuronal differentiation on primary culture of cortical neurons in vitro. Pro-neurogenic effects of TBN were attributed to its activation of the AKT/cAMP responsive element-binding protein through increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, as shown by the abolition of the effects of TBN by a specific inhibitor of BDNF receptor ANA-12 and by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS As TBN can simultaneously provide neuroprotection and pro-neurogenic effects, it may be a promising treatment for both acute phase neuroprotection and long-term functional recovery after ischaemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxiao Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio‐cerebrovascular DiseasesJinan University College of PharmacyGuangzhouChina
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio‐cerebrovascular DiseasesJinan University College of PharmacyGuangzhouChina
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio‐cerebrovascular DiseasesJinan University College of PharmacyGuangzhouChina
| | - Liangmiao Wu
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio‐cerebrovascular DiseasesJinan University College of PharmacyGuangzhouChina
| | - Jianbo Gu
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio‐cerebrovascular DiseasesJinan University College of PharmacyGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou Magpie Pharmaceuticals Co., LTD.GuangzhouChina
| | - Cuimei Li
- Guangzhou Magpie Pharmaceuticals Co., LTD.GuangzhouChina
| | - Chen Zhao
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio‐cerebrovascular DiseasesJinan University College of PharmacyGuangzhouChina
| | - Wei Liu
- Guangzhou Magpie Pharmaceuticals Co., LTD.GuangzhouChina
| | - Luchen Shan
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio‐cerebrovascular DiseasesJinan University College of PharmacyGuangzhouChina
| | - Pei Yu
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio‐cerebrovascular DiseasesJinan University College of PharmacyGuangzhouChina
| | - Xifei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Center for Disease Control and PreventionShenzhenChina
| | - Yaohui Tang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Med‐X Research Institute and School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Guo‐Yuan Yang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Med‐X Research Institute and School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio‐cerebrovascular DiseasesJinan University College of PharmacyGuangzhouChina
| | - Yewei Sun
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio‐cerebrovascular DiseasesJinan University College of PharmacyGuangzhouChina
| | - Zaijun Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio‐cerebrovascular DiseasesJinan University College of PharmacyGuangzhouChina
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Opatrilova R, Caprnda M, Kubatka P, Valentova V, Uramova S, Nosal V, Gaspar L, Zachar L, Mozos I, Petrovic D, Dragasek J, Filipova S, Büsselberg D, Zulli A, Rodrigo L, Kruzliak P, Krasnik V. Adipokines in neurovascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 98:424-432. [PMID: 29278852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is now described as an endocrine organ secreting a number of adipokines contributing to the development of inflammation and metabolic imbalance, but also endothelial dysfunction, vascular remodeling, atherosclerosis, and ischemic stroke. Leptin, adiponectin, and resistin are the most studied adipokines which play important roles in the regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis. Leptin and adiponectin mediate both proatherogenic and antiatherogenic responses. Leptin and adiponectin have been linked to the development of coronary heart disease and may be involved in the underlying biological mechanism of ischemic stroke. Resistin, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is predictive of atherosclerosis and poor clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke. The changes in serum levels of novel adipokines apelin, visfatin are also associated with acute ischemic stroke. These adipokines have been proposed as potential prognostic biomarkers of cardiovascular mortality/morbidity and therapeutic targets in patients with cardiometabolic diseases. In this article, we summarize the biologic role of the adipokines and discuss the link between dysfunctional adipose tissue and metabolic/inflammation imbalance, consequently endothelial damage, progression of atherosclerotic disease, and the occurrence of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Opatrilova
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Caprnda
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia; Department of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | | | - Sona Uramova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Vladimir Nosal
- Department of Neurology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Ludovit Gaspar
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lukas Zachar
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Ioana Mozos
- Department of Functional Sciences, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daniel Petrovic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jozef Dragasek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University and University Hospital, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Slavomira Filipova
- Department of Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Centre for Chronic Disease (CCD), College of Health & Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luis Rodrigo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne´s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimir Krasnik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
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50
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Gao H, Li H, Li W, Shen X, Di B. Pioglitazone Attenuates Atherosclerosis in Diabetic Mice by Inhibition of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Product (RAGE) Signaling. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:6121-6131. [PMID: 29278639 PMCID: PMC5749137 DOI: 10.12659/msm.907401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties, and is protective against cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to determine the effects of a PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone on atherogenesis in an ApoE knockout mouse (ApoE−/−) diabetic mouse model and in a cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) model. Material/Methods Male ApoE−/− mice were rendered diabetic by 5 daily intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin. Pioglitazone (20 mg/kg/d) or PPAR-γ inhibitor GW9662 (1 mg/kg/d) were administered for 12 weeks. At the end of treatment, mice were killed and the aortae were isolated. Oil Red O staining was used to evaluate atherosclerotic plaque area. H&E staining was used to evaluate the number of complicated plaques. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the expression of advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and PPAR-γ. The effects of pioglitazone and GW9662 on RAGE and PPAR-γ expression were examined in cultured primary mouse VSMCs in hyperglycemic conditions. Results Administration of pioglitazone in diabetic ApoE−/− mice successfully reduced atherosclerotic plaque area and the number of complicated plaques. Moreover, pioglitazone inhibited RAGE and stimulated PPAR-γ protein expression in atherosclerotic plaques of diabetic ApoE−/− mice. In cultured VSMCs upon high-glucose challenge, pioglitazone downregulated RAGE mRNA and protein expression. Blockade of PPAR-γ activity by GW9662 remarkably attenuated the inhibitory actions of pioglitazone on atherogenesis, both in diabetic ApoE−/− mice and in cultured VSMCs, upon high-glucose challenge. Conclusions Pioglitazone has a therapeutic effect on atherosclerosis in diabetes, and inhibition of RAGE signaling plays a critical role in mediating the beneficial effects of pioglitazone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Hongwei Li
- Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Weiping Li
- Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xuhua Shen
- Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Beibing Di
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
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