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Lévi-Strauss J, Hmeydia G, Benzakoun J, Bouchereau E, Hermann B, Legouy C, Oppenheim C, Sharshar T, Gavaret M, Pruvost-Robieux E. Discrepancies in the late auditory potentials of post-anoxic patients: watch out for focal brain lesions, a pilot retrospective study. Resuscitation 2023; 187:109801. [PMID: 37085038 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Late auditory evoked potentials, and notably mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3 responses, can be used as part of the multimodal prognostic evaluation in post-anoxic disorders of consciousness (DOC). MMN response preferentially stems from the temporal cortex and the arcuate fasciculus. Situations with discrepant evaluations, for example MMN absent but P3 present, are frequent and difficult to interpret. We hypothesize that discrepant MMN-/P3+ results could reflect a higher prevalence of lesions in MMN generating regions. This study presents correlations between neurophysiological and neuroradiological results. METHODS This retrospective study was conducted on 38 post-anoxic DOC patients. Brain lesions were analyzed on 3T MRI both anatomically and through computation of the local arcuate fasciculus fractional anisotropy values on Diffusion Tensor Imaging sequences. Neurophysiological data and outcome were also analyzed. RESULTS Our cohort included 8 MMN-/P3+, 7 MMN+/P3+, 21 MMN-/P3- and 2 MMN-/P3+ patients, assessed at a median delay of 20.5 days since cardiac arrest. Our results show that MMN-/P3+ patients tended to have fewer temporal and basal ganglia lesions than MMN-/P3- patients, and more than MMN+/P3+ patients (p-values for trend: p=0.02 for temporal and p=0.02 for basal ganglia lesions). There was a statistical difference across groups for mean fractional anisotropy values in the arcuate fasciculus (p=0.008). The percentage of patients regaining consciousness at three months in MMN-/P3+ patients was higher than in MMN-/P3- patients and lower than in MMN+/P3+ patients. CONCLUSION This study suggests that discrepancies in late auditory evoked potentials may be linked to focal post-anoxic brain lesions, visible on brain MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lévi-Strauss
- University Paris Cité, Paris, France Neurophysiology department, GHU Psychiatry & Neurosciences,Sainte Anne, F-75014 Paris INSERM U 1266, FHU NeuroVasc, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris-IPNP, F-75014 Paris.
| | - Ghazi Hmeydia
- University Paris Cité, Paris, France, Neuroradiology department, GHU Psychiatry & Neurosciences, Sainte Anne, F-75014 Paris INSERM UMR 1266, FHU NeuroVasc, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris-IPNP, F-75014 Paris
| | - Joseph Benzakoun
- University Paris Cité, Paris, France, Neuroradiology department, GHU Psychiatry & Neurosciences, Sainte Anne, F-75014 Paris INSERM UMR 1266, FHU NeuroVasc, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris-IPNP, F-75014 Paris
| | - Eléonore Bouchereau
- University Paris Cité, Paris, France Neuro-intensive care department, GHU Psychiatry & Neurosciences, Sainte Anne, F-75014 Paris INSERM UMR 1266, FHU NeuroVasc, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris-IPNP, F-75014 Paris
| | - Bertrand Hermann
- University Paris Cité, Paris, France Neuro-intensive care department, GHU Psychiatry & Neurosciences, Sainte Anne, F-75014 Paris INSERM UMR 1266, FHU NeuroVasc, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris-IPNP, F-75014 Paris; University Paris Cité, Paris, France Medical intensive care unit, HEGP Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris-Centre (APHP-Centre), Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière - ICM, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Camille Legouy
- University Paris Cité, Paris, France Neuro-intensive care department, GHU Psychiatry & Neurosciences, Sainte Anne, F-75014 Paris INSERM UMR 1266, FHU NeuroVasc, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris-IPNP, F-75014 Paris
| | - Catherine Oppenheim
- University Paris Cité, Paris, France, Neuroradiology department, GHU Psychiatry & Neurosciences, Sainte Anne, F-75014 Paris INSERM UMR 1266, FHU NeuroVasc, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris-IPNP, F-75014 Paris
| | - Tarek Sharshar
- University Paris Cité, Paris, France Neuro-intensive care department, GHU Psychiatry & Neurosciences, Sainte Anne, F-75014 Paris INSERM UMR 1266, FHU NeuroVasc, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris-IPNP, F-75014 Paris
| | - Martine Gavaret
- University Paris Cité, Paris, France Neurophysiology department, GHU Psychiatry & Neurosciences,Sainte Anne, F-75014 Paris INSERM U 1266, FHU NeuroVasc, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris-IPNP, F-75014 Paris
| | - Estelle Pruvost-Robieux
- University Paris Cité, Paris, France Neurophysiology department, GHU Psychiatry & Neurosciences,Sainte Anne, F-75014 Paris INSERM U 1266, FHU NeuroVasc, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris-IPNP, F-75014 Paris
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2
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Liu Y, Hou Y, Quan H, Zhao D, Zhao J, Cao B, Pang Y, Chen H, Lei X, Yuan H. Mindfulness Training Improves Attention: Evidence from Behavioral and Event-related Potential Analyses. Brain Topogr 2023; 36:243-254. [PMID: 36697933 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-023-00938-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mindfulness meditation helps to improve attentional capacity. However, the neural correlates that indicate the mechanism through which mindfulness improves attention are unclear. To address this gap, we aimed to assess the effects of mindfulness training on sustained attentional capacity. Event-related potentials (ERPs) associated with the modified sustained attention response task (mSART) were used in this study. A total of 45 college students were randomly assigned to either the mindfulness group (n = 21) or the control group (n = 24). Participants in the mindfulness group received a three-week mindfulness training. The self-report results showed that the mindfulness group reported higher mindfulness scores (observing and non-judgment of inner experiences) after the training. The mindfulness group also scored lower on the state anxiety than the control group. Behavioral results also showed that self-caught mind wandering in the mindfulness group significantly decreased after the training, and the mindfulness group showed a faster response after the training. The ERP results showed that N2 amplitudes in the post-test were significantly greater than those in the pre-test in the mindfulness group. We did not find any interactions between group and time for P3. The findings suggest that mindfulness training can effectively improve sustained attentional capacity, as indicated by reduced mind wandering and increased N2 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, 400715, Beibei, Chongqing, China. .,School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yi Hou
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, 400715, Beibei, Chongqing, China.,School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Quan
- Department of Psychology, Wichita State University, 67260, Wichita, KS, USA
| | - Dongfang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, 400715, Beibei, Chongqing, China.,School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, 400715, Beibei, Chongqing, China.,School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, 400715, Beibei, Chongqing, China.,School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yazhi Pang
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, 400715, Beibei, Chongqing, China.,School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Lei
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, 400715, Beibei, Chongqing, China.,School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, 400715, Beibei, Chongqing, China. .,School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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3
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Axelrod V, Rozier C, Lehongre K, Adam C, Lambrecq V, Navarro V, Naccache L. Neural modulations in the auditory cortex during internal and external attention tasks: A single-patient intracranial recording study. Cortex 2022; 157:211-230. [PMID: 36335821 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Brain sensory processing is not passive, but is rather modulated by our internal state. Different research methods such as non-invasive imaging methods and intracranial recording of the local field potential (LFP) have been used to study to what extent sensory processing and the auditory cortex in particular are modulated by selective attention. However, at the level of the single- or multi-units the selective attention in humans has not been tested. In addition, most previous research on selective attention has explored externally-oriented attention, but attention can be also directed inward (i.e., internal attention), like spontaneous self-generated thoughts and mind-wandering. In the present study we had a rare opportunity to record multi-unit activity (MUA) in the auditory cortex of a patient. To complement, we also analyzed the LFP signal of the macro-contact in the auditory cortex. Our experiment consisted of two conditions with periodic beeping sounds. The participants were asked either to count the beeps (i.e., an "external attention" condition) or to recall the events of the previous day (i.e., an "internal attention" condition). We found that the four out of seven recorded units in the auditory cortex showed increased firing rates in "external attention" compared to "internal attention" condition. The beginning of this attentional modulation varied across multi-units between 30-50 msec and 130-150 msec from stimulus onset, a result that is compatible with an early selection view. The LFP evoked potential and induced high gamma activity both showed attentional modulation starting at about 70-80 msec. As the control, for the same experiment we recorded MUA activity in the amygdala and hippocampus of two additional patients. No major attentional modulation was found in the control regions. Overall, we believe that our results provide new empirical information and support for existing theoretical views on selective attention and spontaneous self-generated cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Axelrod
- The Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| | - Camille Rozier
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute, ICM, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Katia Lehongre
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute, ICM, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche-CENIR, Paris Brain Institute, UMRS 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Pitié-Salpêtriere Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Claude Adam
- AP-HP, GH Pitie-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Epilepsy Unit, Neurology Department, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Lambrecq
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute, ICM, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Neurophysiology, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, UMR S1127, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Navarro
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute, ICM, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; AP-HP, GH Pitie-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Epilepsy Unit, Neurology Department, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, UMR S1127, Paris, France
| | - Lionel Naccache
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute, ICM, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Neurophysiology, Paris, France
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4
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Tsogli V, Skouras S, Koelsch S. Brain-correlates of processing local dependencies within a statistical learning paradigm. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15296. [PMID: 36097186 PMCID: PMC9468168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Statistical learning refers to the implicit mechanism of extracting regularities in our environment. Numerous studies have investigated the neural basis of statistical learning. However, how the brain responds to violations of auditory regularities based on prior (implicit) learning requires further investigation. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural correlates of processing events that are irregular based on learned local dependencies. A stream of consecutive sound triplets was presented. Unbeknown to the subjects, triplets were either (a) standard, namely triplets ending with a high probability sound or, (b) statistical deviants, namely triplets ending with a low probability sound. Participants (n = 33) underwent a learning phase outside the scanner followed by an fMRI session. Processing of statistical deviants activated a set of regions encompassing the superior temporal gyrus bilaterally, the right deep frontal operculum including lateral orbitofrontal cortex, and the right premotor cortex. Our results demonstrate that the violation of local dependencies within a statistical learning paradigm does not only engage sensory processes, but is instead reminiscent of the activation pattern during the processing of local syntactic structures in music and language, reflecting the online adaptations required for predictive coding in the context of statistical learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Tsogli
- Department for Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Postboks 7807, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stavros Skouras
- Department for Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Postboks 7807, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stefan Koelsch
- Department for Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Postboks 7807, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
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5
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Wang Y, Tang Z, Zhang X, Yang L. Auditory and cross-modal attentional bias toward positive natural sounds: Behavioral and ERP evidence. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:949655. [PMID: 35967006 PMCID: PMC9372282 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.949655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, researchers have expanded the investigation into attentional biases toward positive stimuli; however, few studies have examined attentional biases toward positive auditory information. In three experiments, the present study employed an emotional spatial cueing task using emotional sounds as cues and auditory stimuli (Experiment 1) or visual stimuli (Experiment 2 and Experiment 3) as targets to explore whether auditory or visual spatial attention could be modulated by positive auditory cues. Experiment 3 also examined the temporal dynamics of cross-modal auditory bias toward positive natural sounds using event-related potentials (ERPs). The behavioral results of the three experiments consistently demonstrated that response times to targets were faster after positive auditory cues than they were after neutral auditory cues in the valid condition, indicating that healthy participants showed a selective auditory attentional bias (Experiment 1) and cross-modal attentional bias (Experiment 2 and Experiment 3) toward positive natural sounds. The results of Experiment 3 showed that N1 amplitudes were more negative after positive sounds than they were after neutral sounds, which further provided electrophysiological evidence that positive auditory information enhances attention at early stages in healthy adults. The results of the experiments performed in the present study suggest that humans exhibit an attentional bias toward positive natural sounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenwei Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Libing Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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6
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Brockhoff L, Schindler S, Bruchmann M, Straube T. Effects of perceptual and working memory load on brain responses to task-irrelevant stimuli: Review and implications for future research. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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Xiao XZ, Wang Y, Wong GCS, Zhao K, Tse CY. Frontotemporal network in automatic / pre-attentive detection of abstract change: An event-related optical signal (EROS) study. Neuropsychologia 2022; 164:108093. [PMID: 34822860 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.108093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The human brain constantly monitors the environment for unexpected changes. Under the prediction violation account, the Inferior Frontal Cortex (IFC) is involved in prediction-related processes for deviance detection processes in the Superior Temporal Cortex (STC). Consistent with this account, previous studies revealed an IFC-to-STC-followed-by-IFC mismatch response pattern to physical changes using event-related optical signals (EROS). However, detecting physical changes can be achieved by direct comparison of physical features between stimuli without making predictions, thus direct evidence supporting the prediction nature of the IFC-STC network in pre-attentive change detection was lacking. To address this issue, this study examined the EROS mismatch responses of the IFC-STC network when detecting the violation of an abstract rule. The rule "the higher the frequency of a tone, the stronger the intensity" established by standards was violated by deviants of 12 deviance levels. When deviants were preceded by a short train of standards, early IFC, STC, and late IFC EROS mismatch responses linearly increased with the deviance levels. When deviants were preceded by a longer train of standards, the STC but not the early or late IFC EROS mismatch responses were elicited by all the deviants without modulation by deviance levels. These results demonstrate a functional role of the IFC in the abstract change detection when insufficient rule-conforming information could be extracted from the preceding standards and are consistent with the predictive violation account of pre-attentive change detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Zhen Xiao
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Kunyang Zhao
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Yu Tse
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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8
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Abstract
The effects of distraction on responses manifest in three ways: prolonged reaction times, and increased error and response omission rates. However, the latter effect is often ignored or assumed to be due to a separate cognitive process. We investigated omissions occurring in two paradigms that manipulated distraction. One required simple stimulus detection of younger participants, the second required choice responses and was completed by both younger and older participants. We fit data from these paradigms with a model that identifies three causes of omissions: two are related to the process of accumulating the evidence on which a response is based: intrinsic omissions (due to between-trial variation in accumulation rates making it impossible to ever reach the evidence threshold) and design omissions (due to response windows that cause slow responses not to be recorded; a third, contaminant omissions, allows for a cause unrelated to the response process. In both data sets systematic differences in omission rates across conditions were accounted for by task-related omissions. Intrinsic omissions played a lesser role than design omissions, even though the presence of design omissions was not evident in descriptive analyses of the data. The model provided an accurate account of all aspects of the detection data and the choice-response data, but slightly underestimated overall omissions in the choice paradigm, particularly in older participants, suggesting that further investigation of contaminant omission effects is needed.
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Kim CH, Jin SH, Kim JS, Kim Y, Yi SW, Chung CK. Dissociation of Connectivity for Syntactic Irregularity and Perceptual Ambiguity in Musical Chord Stimuli. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:693629. [PMID: 34526877 PMCID: PMC8435864 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.693629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Musical syntax has been studied mainly in terms of “syntactic irregularity” in harmonic/melodic sequences. However, “perceptual ambiguity” referring to the uncertainty of judgment/classification of presented stimuli can in addition be involved in our musical stimuli using three different chord sequences. The present study addresses how “syntactic irregularity” and “perceptual ambiguity” on musical syntax are dissociated, in terms of effective connectivity between the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFGs) and superior temporal gyrus (STGs) by linearized time-delayed mutual information (LTDMI). Three conditions were of five-chord sequences with endings of dominant to tonic, dominant to submediant, and dominant to supertonic. The dominant to supertonic is most irregular, compared with the regular dominant to tonic. The dominant to submediant of the less irregular condition is the most ambiguous condition. In the LTDMI results, connectivity from the right to the left IFG (IFG-LTDMI) was enhanced for the most irregular condition, whereas that from the right to the left STG (STG-LTDMI) was enhanced for the most ambiguous condition (p = 0.024 in IFG-LTDMI, p < 0.001 in STG-LTDMI, false discovery rate (FDR) corrected). Correct rate was negatively correlated with STG-LTDMI, further reflecting perceptual ambiguity (p = 0.026). We found for the first time that syntactic irregularity and perceptual ambiguity coexist in chord stimulus testing musical syntax and that the two processes are dissociated in interhemispheric connectivities in the IFG and STG, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Hee Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, MEG Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, MEG Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - June Sic Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, MEG Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youn Kim
- Department of Music, School of Humanities, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Suk Won Yi
- College of Music, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Western Music Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chun Kee Chung
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, MEG Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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10
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The influence of different types of auditory change on processes associated with the switching of attention in younger and older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 96:197-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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11
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Kim CH, Seol J, Jin SH, Kim JS, Kim Y, Yi SW, Chung CK. Increased fronto-temporal connectivity by modified melody in real music. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235770. [PMID: 32639987 PMCID: PMC7343137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In real music, the original melody may appear intact, with little elaboration only, or significantly modified. Since a melody is most easily perceived in music, hearing significantly modified melody may change a brain connectivity. Mozart KV 265 is comprised of a theme with an original melody of “Twinkle Twinkle Little Star” and its significant variations. We studied whether effective connectivity changes with significantly modified melody, between bilateral inferior frontal gyri (IFGs) and Heschl’s gyri (HGs) using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Among the 12 connectivities, the connectivity from the left IFG to the right HG was consistently increased with significantly modified melody compared to the original melody in 2 separate sets of the same rhythmic pattern with different melody (p = 0.005 and 0.034, Bonferroni corrected). Our findings show that the modification of an original melody in a real music changes the brain connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Hee Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Natural Science, Seoul, Korea
- Human Brain Function Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeho Seol
- Human Brain Function Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- W-Mind Laboratory, Wemakeprice Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Jin
- Human Brain Function Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - June Sic Kim
- Human Brain Function Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youn Kim
- Department of Music, School of Humanities, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Suk Won Yi
- College of Music, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Western Music Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chun Kee Chung
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Natural Science, Seoul, Korea
- Human Brain Function Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Natural Science, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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12
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Auditory mismatch processing: Role of paradigm and stimulus characteristics as detected by fMRI. Biol Psychol 2020; 154:107887. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Volosin M, Horváth J. Task difficulty modulates voluntary attention allocation, but not distraction in an auditory distraction paradigm. Brain Res 2020; 1727:146565. [PMID: 31765629 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Keeping task-relevant sensory events in the focus of attention while ignoring irrelevant ones is crucial for optimizing task behavior. This attention-distraction balance might change with the perceptual demands of the ongoing task: while easy tasks might be performed with low attentional effort, difficult ones require enhanced attention. The goal of the present study was to investigate how task difficulty affected allocation of attention and distractibility in an auditory distraction paradigm. Participants performed a tone duration discrimination task in which tones were rarely, occasionally presented at a rare pitch (distracters), and task difficulty was manipulated by the duration difference between short and long tones. Short tones were consistently 200 ms long, while long tone duration was 400 ms in the easy, and 260 ms in the difficult condition. Behavioral results and deviant-minus-standard event-related potential (ERP) waveforms suggested similar magnitudes of distraction in both conditions. ERPs without such a subtraction showed that tone onsets were preceded by a negative-going trend, suggesting that participants prepared for tone onsets. In the difficult condition, N1 amplitudes to tone onsets were enhanced, indicating that participants invested more attentional resources. Increased difficulty also slowed down tone offset processing as reflected by significantly delayed offset-related P1 and N1/N2 waveforms. These results suggest that although task difficulty compels participants to attend the tones more strongly, this does not have significant impact on distraction-related processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márta Volosin
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Psychology, University of Szeged, Egyetem utca 2, H-6722 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - János Horváth
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Psychology, Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church in Hungary, Bécsi út 324, H-1037 Budapest, Hungary.
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14
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Auditory predictions shape the neural responses to stimulus repetition and sensory change. Neuroimage 2019; 186:200-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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15
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Alústiza I, Garcés MS, Solanes A, Goena J, Ortuño M, Molero P, Radua J, Ortuño F. Aberrant timing and oddball detection in Schizophrenia: findings from a signed differential mapping meta-analysis. Heliyon 2018; 4:e01004. [PMID: 30582035 PMCID: PMC6287083 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is associated with deficits in both temporal and salience processing. The underlying neurological dysfunctions in both processes, which are interrelated and share neuroanatomical bases, remain poorly understood. The principal objective of this study was to elucidate whether there are any brain regions that show abnormal response during timing and oddball tasks in patients with SZ. To this end, we conducted a signed differential mapping (SDM) meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies assessing abnormal responses elicited by tasks based on the oddball paradigm in patients with SZ. We conducted a similar SDM meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies of timing tasks in SZ. Finally, we undertook a multimodal meta-analysis to detect the common findings of the two previous meta-analyses. We found that SZ patients showed hypoactivation in cortical and subcortical areas related to timing. The dysfunction observed during timing tasks partially coincided with deficiencies in change-detection functions (particularly in the case of preattentional processing in the mismatch negativity response). We hypothesize that a dysfunctional timing/change detection network underlies the cognitive impairment observed in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Alústiza
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Navarra, Spain
- Corresponding author.
| | - María Sol Garcés
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Aleix Solanes
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalaries, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Saint Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Goena
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Marta Ortuño
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Patricio Molero
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Navarra, Spain
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Early Psychosis: Interventions & Clinical-detection (EPIC) Laboratory, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalaries, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Saint Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felipe Ortuño
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Navarra, Spain
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16
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Zhang X, Li X, Chen J, Gong Q. Background Suppression and its Relation to Foreground Processing of Speech Versus Non-speech Streams. Neuroscience 2018; 373:60-71. [PMID: 29337239 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Since sound perception takes place against a background with a certain amount of noise, both speech and non-speech processing involve extraction of target signals and suppression of background noise. Previous works on early processing of speech phonemes largely neglected how background noise is encoded and suppressed. This study aimed to fill in this gap. We adopted an oddball paradigm where speech (vowels) or non-speech stimuli (complex tones) were presented with or without a background of amplitude-modulated noise and analyzed cortical responses related to foreground stimulus processing, including mismatch negativity (MMN), N2b, and P300, as well as neural representations of the background noise, that is, auditory steady-state response (ASSR). We found that speech deviants elicited later and weaker MMN, later N2b, and later P300 than non-speech ones, but N2b and P300 had similar strength, suggesting more complex processing of certain acoustic features in speech. Only for vowels, background noise enhanced N2b strength relative to silence, suggesting an attention-related speech-specific process to improve perception of foreground targets. In addition, noise suppression in speech contexts, quantified by ASSR amplitude reduction after stimulus onset, was lateralized towards the left hemisphere. The left-lateralized suppression following N2b was associated with the N2b enhancement in noise for speech, indicating that foreground processing may interact with background suppression, particularly during speech processing. Together, our findings indicate that the differences between perception of speech and non-speech sounds involve not only the processing of target information in the foreground but also the suppression of irrelevant aspects in the background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
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17
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Koyama MS, Ortiz-Mantilla S, Roesler CP, Milham MP, Benasich AA. A Modulatory Effect of Brief Passive Exposure to Non-linguistic Sounds on Intrinsic Functional Connectivity: Relevance to Cognitive Performance. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:5817-5830. [PMID: 29045599 PMCID: PMC6084599 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing literature on resting-state fMRI (R-fMRI) has explored the impact of preceding sensory experience on intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC). However, it remains largely unknown how passive exposure to irrelevant auditory stimuli, which is a constant in everyday life, reconfigures iFC. Here, we directly compared pre- and post-exposure R-fMRI scans to examine: 1) modulatory effects of brief passive exposure to repeating non-linguistic sounds on subsequent iFC, and 2) associations between iFC modulations and cognitive abilities. We used an exploratory regional homogeneity (ReHo) approach that indexes local iFC, and performed a linear mixed-effects modeling analysis. A modulatory effect (increase) in ReHo was observed in the right superior parietal lobule (R.SPL) within the parietal attention network. Post hoc seed-based correlation analyses provided further evidence for increased parietal iFC (e.g., R.SPL with the right inferior parietal lobule). Notably, less iFC modulation was associated with better cognitive performance (e.g., word reading). These results suggest that: 1) the parietal attention network dynamically reconfigures its iFC in response to passive (thus irrelevant) non-linguistic sounds, but also 2) minimization of iFC modulation in the same network characterizes better cognitive performance. Our findings may open up new avenues for investigating cognitive disorders that involve impaired sensory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki S Koyama
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA.,Haskins Laboratories, 300 George St., Suite 900, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Silvia Ortiz-Mantilla
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Rutgers University, 197 University Avenue, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Cynthia P Roesler
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Rutgers University, 197 University Avenue, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Michael P Milham
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA.,Child Mind Institute, 445 Park Ave, New York, NY 10022, USA
| | - April A Benasich
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Rutgers University, 197 University Avenue, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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18
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Integrating speech in time depends on temporal expectancies and attention. Cortex 2017; 93:28-40. [PMID: 28609683 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Sensory information that unfolds in time, such as in speech perception, relies on efficient chunking mechanisms in order to yield optimally-sized units for further processing. Whether or not two successive acoustic events receive a one-unit or a two-unit interpretation seems to depend on the fit between their temporal extent and a stipulated temporal window of integration. However, there is ongoing debate on how flexible this temporal window of integration should be, especially for the processing of speech sounds. Furthermore, there is no direct evidence of whether attention may modulate the temporal constraints on the integration window. For this reason, we here examine how different word durations, which lead to different temporal separations of sound onsets, interact with attention. In an Electroencephalography (EEG) study, participants actively and passively listened to words where word-final consonants were occasionally omitted. Words had either a natural duration or were artificially prolonged in order to increase the separation of speech sound onsets. Omission responses to incomplete speech input, originating in left temporal cortex, decreased when the critical speech sound was separated from previous sounds by more than 250 msec, i.e., when the separation was larger than the stipulated temporal window of integration (125-150 msec). Attention, on the other hand, only increased omission responses for stimuli with natural durations. We complemented the event-related potential (ERP) analyses by a frequency-domain analysis on the stimulus presentation rate. Notably, the power of stimulation frequency showed the same duration and attention effects than the omission responses. We interpret these findings on the background of existing research on temporal integration windows and further suggest that our findings may be accounted for within the framework of predictive coding.
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19
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Sugimoto F, Katayama J. Increased visual task difficulty enhances attentional capture by both visual and auditory distractor stimuli. Brain Res 2017; 1664:55-62. [PMID: 28377160 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies using a three-stimulus oddball task have shown the amplitude of P3a elicited by distractor stimuli increases when perceptual discrimination between standard and target stimuli becomes difficult. This means that the attentional capture by the distractor stimuli is enhanced along with an increase in task difficulty. So far, the increase of P3a has been reported when standard, target, and distractor stimuli were presented within one sensory modality (i.e., visual or auditory). In the present study, we further investigated whether or not the increase of P3a can also be observed when the distractor stimuli are presented in a different modality from the standard and target stimuli. Twelve participants performed a three-stimulus oddball task in which they were required to discriminate between visual standard and target stimuli. As the distractor stimuli, either another visual stimulus or an auditory stimulus was presented in separate blocks. Visual distractor stimuli elicited P3a, and its amplitude increased when visual standard/target discrimination was difficult, replicating previous findings. Auditory distractor stimuli elicited P3a, and importantly, its amplitude also increased when visual standard/target discrimination was difficult. This result means that attentional capture by distractor stimuli can be enhanced even when the distractor stimuli are presented in a different modality from the standard and target stimuli. Possible mechanisms and implications are discussed in terms of the relative saliency of distractor stimuli, influences of temporal/spatial attention, and the load involved in a task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumie Sugimoto
- Automotive Human Factors Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Jun'ichi Katayama
- Department of Psychological Science, Kwansei Gakuin University, Nishinomiya 662-8501, Japan.
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20
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Holmes E, Kitterick PT, Summerfield AQ. EEG activity evoked in preparation for multi-talker listening by adults and children. Hear Res 2016; 336:83-100. [PMID: 27178442 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Selective attention is critical for successful speech perception because speech is often encountered in the presence of other sounds, including the voices of competing talkers. Faced with the need to attend selectively, listeners perceive speech more accurately when they know characteristics of upcoming talkers before they begin to speak. However, the neural processes that underlie the preparation of selective attention for voices are not fully understood. The current experiments used electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate the time course of brain activity during preparation for an upcoming talker in young adults aged 18-27 years with normal hearing (Experiments 1 and 2) and in typically-developing children aged 7-13 years (Experiment 3). Participants reported key words spoken by a target talker when an opposite-gender distractor talker spoke simultaneously. The two talkers were presented from different spatial locations (±30° azimuth). Before the talkers began to speak, a visual cue indicated either the location (left/right) or the gender (male/female) of the target talker. Adults evoked preparatory EEG activity that started shortly after (<50 ms) the visual cue was presented and was sustained until the talkers began to speak. The location cue evoked similar preparatory activity in Experiments 1 and 2 with different samples of participants. The gender cue did not evoke preparatory activity when it predicted gender only (Experiment 1) but did evoke preparatory activity when it predicted the identity of a specific talker with greater certainty (Experiment 2). Location cues evoked significant preparatory EEG activity in children but gender cues did not. The results provide converging evidence that listeners evoke consistent preparatory brain activity for selecting a talker by their location (regardless of their gender or identity), but not by their gender alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Holmes
- Department of Psychology, University of York, UK.
| | - Padraig T Kitterick
- NIHR Nottingham Hearing Biomedical Research Unit, UK; Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - A Quentin Summerfield
- Department of Psychology, University of York, UK; Hull York Medical School, University of York, UK
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21
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Neural effects of cognitive control load on auditory selective attention. Neuropsychologia 2014; 61:269-79. [PMID: 24946314 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Whether and how working memory disrupts or alters auditory selective attention is unclear. We compared simultaneous event-related potentials (ERP) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) responses associated with task-irrelevant sounds across high and low working memory load in a dichotic-listening paradigm. Participants performed n-back tasks (1-back, 2-back) in one ear (Attend ear) while ignoring task-irrelevant speech sounds in the other ear (Ignore ear). The effects of working memory load on selective attention were observed at 130-210ms, with higher load resulting in greater irrelevant syllable-related activation in localizer-defined regions in auditory cortex. The interaction between memory load and presence of irrelevant information revealed stronger activations primarily in frontal and parietal areas due to presence of irrelevant information in the higher memory load. Joint independent component analysis of ERP and fMRI data revealed that the ERP component in the N1 time-range is associated with activity in superior temporal gyrus and medial prefrontal cortex. These results demonstrate a dynamic relationship between working memory load and auditory selective attention, in agreement with the load model of attention and the idea of common neural resources for memory and attention.
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22
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Nourski KV, Steinschneider M, Oya H, Kawasaki H, Howard MA. Modulation of response patterns in human auditory cortex during a target detection task: an intracranial electrophysiology study. Int J Psychophysiol 2014; 95:191-201. [PMID: 24681353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Selective attention enhances cortical activity representing an attended sound stream in human posterolateral superior temporal gyrus (PLST). It is unclear, however, what mechanisms are associated with a target detection task that necessitates sustained attention (vigilance) to a sound stream. We compared responses elicited by target and non-target sounds, and to sounds presented in a passive-listening paradigm. Subjects were neurosurgical patients undergoing invasive monitoring for medically refractory epilepsy. Stimuli were complex tones, band-limited noise bursts and speech syllables. High gamma cortical activity (70-150 Hz) was examined in all subjects using subdural grid electrodes implanted over PLST. Additionally, responses were measured from depth electrodes implanted within Heschl's gyrus (HG) in one subject. Responses to target sounds recorded from PLST were increased when compared to responses elicited by the same sounds when they were not-targets, and when they were presented during passive listening. Increases in high gamma activity to target sounds occurred during later portions (after 250 ms) of the response. These increases were related to the task and not to detailed stimulus characteristics. In contrast, earlier activity that did not vary across conditions did represent stimulus acoustic characteristics. Effects observed on PLST were not noted in HG. No consistent effects were noted in the averaged evoked potentials in either cortical region. We conclude that task dependence modulates later activity in PLST during vigilance. Later activity may represent feedback from higher cortical areas. Study of concurrently recorded activity from frontoparietal areas is necessary to further clarify task-related modulation of activity on PLST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V Nourski
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | | | - Hiroyuki Oya
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Hiroto Kawasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Matthew A Howard
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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23
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Weis T, Puschmann S, Brechmann A, Thiel CM. Positive and negative reinforcement activate human auditory cortex. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:842. [PMID: 24367318 PMCID: PMC3852233 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior studies suggest that reward modulates neural activity in sensory cortices, but less is known about punishment. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging and an auditory discrimination task, where participants had to judge the duration of frequency modulated tones. In one session correct performance resulted in financial gains at the end of the trial, in a second session incorrect performance resulted in financial loss. Incorrect performance in the rewarded as well as correct performance in the punishment condition resulted in a neutral outcome. The size of gains and losses was either low or high (10 or 50 Euro cent) depending on the direction of frequency modulation. We analyzed neural activity at the end of the trial, during reinforcement, and found increased neural activity in auditory cortex when gaining a financial reward as compared to gaining no reward and when avoiding financial loss as compared to receiving a financial loss. This was independent on the size of gains and losses. A similar pattern of neural activity for both gaining a reward and avoiding a loss was also seen in right middle temporal gyrus, bilateral insula and pre-supplemental motor area, here however neural activity was lower after correct responses compared to incorrect responses. To summarize, this study shows that the activation of sensory cortices, as previously shown for gaining a reward is also seen during avoiding a loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Weis
- Biological Psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, European Medical School, Carl von Ossietzky UniversityOldenburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Puschmann
- Biological Psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, European Medical School, Carl von Ossietzky UniversityOldenburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, “Hearing4all,” Carl von Ossietzky UniversityOldenburg, Germany
| | - André Brechmann
- Special-Lab Non-invasive Brain Imaging, Leibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburg, Germany
| | - Christiane M. Thiel
- Biological Psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, European Medical School, Carl von Ossietzky UniversityOldenburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, “Hearing4all,” Carl von Ossietzky UniversityOldenburg, Germany
- Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky UniversityOldenburg, Germany
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24
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Zanto TP, Sekuler R, Dube C, Gazzaley A. Age-related changes in expectation-based modulation of motion detectability. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69766. [PMID: 23950903 PMCID: PMC3739821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Expecting motion in some particular direction biases sensitivity to that direction, which speeds detection of motion. However, the neural processes underlying this effect remain underexplored, especially in the context of normal aging. To address this, we examined younger and older adults' performance in a motion detection task. In separate conditions, the probability was either 50% or 100% that a field of dots would move coherently in the direction a participant expected (either vertically or horizontally). Expectation and aging effects were assessed via response times (RT) to detect motion and electroencephalography (EEG). In both age groups, RTs were fastest when motion was similar to the expected direction of motion. RT tuning curves exhibited a characteristic U-shape such that detection time increased with an increasing deviation from the participant's expected direction. Strikingly, EEG results showed an analogous, hyperbolic curve for N1 amplitude, reflecting neural biasing. Though the form of behavioral and EEG curves did not vary with age, older adults displayed a clear decline in the speed of detection and a corresponding reduction in EEG N1 amplitude when horizontal (but not vertical) motion was expected. Our results suggest that expectation-based detection ability varies with age and, for older adults, also with axis of motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore P Zanto
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
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25
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Alho K, Rinne T, Herron TJ, Woods DL. Stimulus-dependent activations and attention-related modulations in the auditory cortex: a meta-analysis of fMRI studies. Hear Res 2013; 307:29-41. [PMID: 23938208 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We meta-analyzed 115 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies reporting auditory-cortex (AC) coordinates for activations related to active and passive processing of pitch and spatial location of non-speech sounds, as well as to the active and passive speech and voice processing. We aimed at revealing any systematic differences between AC surface locations of these activations by statistically analyzing the activation loci using the open-source Matlab toolbox VAMCA (Visualization and Meta-analysis on Cortical Anatomy). AC activations associated with pitch processing (e.g., active or passive listening to tones with a varying vs. fixed pitch) had median loci in the middle superior temporal gyrus (STG), lateral to Heschl's gyrus. However, median loci of activations due to the processing of infrequent pitch changes in a tone stream were centered in the STG or planum temporale (PT), significantly posterior to the median loci for other types of pitch processing. Median loci of attention-related modulations due to focused attention to pitch (e.g., attending selectively to low or high tones delivered in concurrent sequences) were, in turn, centered in the STG or superior temporal sulcus (STS), posterior to median loci for passive pitch processing. Activations due to spatial processing were centered in the posterior STG or PT, significantly posterior to pitch processing loci (processing of infrequent pitch changes excluded). In the right-hemisphere AC, the median locus of spatial attention-related modulations was in the STS, significantly inferior to the median locus for passive spatial processing. Activations associated with speech processing and those associated with voice processing had indistinguishable median loci at the border of mid-STG and mid-STS. Median loci of attention-related modulations due to attention to speech were in the same mid-STG/STS region. Thus, while attention to the pitch or location of non-speech sounds seems to recruit AC areas less involved in passive pitch or location processing, focused attention to speech predominantly enhances activations in regions that already respond to human vocalizations during passive listening. This suggests that distinct attention mechanisms might be engaged by attention to speech and attention to more elemental auditory features such as tone pitch or location. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Human Auditory Neuroimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimmo Alho
- Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, PO Box 4, FI 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 9, FI 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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26
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Sabri M, Humphries C, Verber M, Mangalathu J, Desai A, Binder JR, Liebenthal E. Perceptual demand modulates activation of human auditory cortex in response to task-irrelevant sounds. J Cogn Neurosci 2013; 25:1553-62. [PMID: 23647558 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In the visual modality, perceptual demand on a goal-directed task has been shown to modulate the extent to which irrelevant information can be disregarded at a sensory-perceptual stage of processing. In the auditory modality, the effect of perceptual demand on neural representations of task-irrelevant sounds is unclear. We compared simultaneous ERPs and fMRI responses associated with task-irrelevant sounds across parametrically modulated perceptual task demands in a dichotic-listening paradigm. Participants performed a signal detection task in one ear (Attend ear) while ignoring task-irrelevant syllable sounds in the other ear (Ignore ear). Results revealed modulation of syllable processing by auditory perceptual demand in an ROI in middle left superior temporal gyrus and in negative ERP activity 130-230 msec post stimulus onset. Increasing the perceptual demand in the Attend ear was associated with a reduced neural response in both fMRI and ERP to task-irrelevant sounds. These findings are in support of a selection model whereby ongoing perceptual demands modulate task-irrelevant sound processing in auditory cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merav Sabri
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Puschmann S, Weerda R, Klump G, Thiel CM. Segregating the Neural Correlates of Physical and Perceived Change in Auditory Input using the Change Deafness Effect. J Cogn Neurosci 2013; 25:730-42. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Psychophysical experiments show that auditory change detection can be disturbed in situations in which listeners have to monitor complex auditory input. We made use of this change deafness effect to segregate the neural correlates of physical change in auditory input from brain responses related to conscious change perception in an fMRI experiment. Participants listened to two successively presented complex auditory scenes, which consisted of six auditory streams, and had to decide whether scenes were identical or whether the frequency of one stream was changed between presentations. Our results show that physical changes in auditory input, independent of successful change detection, are represented at the level of auditory cortex. Activations related to conscious change perception, independent of physical change, were found in the insula and the ACC. Moreover, our data provide evidence for significant effective connectivity between auditory cortex and the insula in the case of correctly detected auditory changes, but not for missed changes. This underlines the importance of the insula/anterior cingulate network for conscious change detection.
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Li B, Parmentier FB, Zhang M. Behavioral Distraction by Auditory Deviance Is Mediated by the Sound’s Informational Value *Li and Parmentier share the first authorship of this study. Exp Psychol 2013; 60:260-8. [DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sounds deviating from an otherwise repetitive background in some task-irrelevant respect (deviant sounds among standard sounds) capture attention in an obligatory fashion and result in behavioral distraction in an ongoing task. Traditionally, such distraction has been considered as the ineluctable consequence of the deviant sound’s low probability of occurrence relative to that of the standard. Recent evidence from a cross-modal oddball task challenged this idea by showing that deviant sounds only yield distraction in a visual task when auditory distractors (standards and deviants) announce with certainty the imminent presentation of a target stimulus (event information), regardless of whether they predict the target’s temporal onset (temporal information). The present study sought to test for the first time whether this finding may be generalized to a purely auditory oddball task in which distractor and target information form part of the same perceptual stimulus. Participants were asked to judge whether a sound starting from a central location moved left or right while ignoring rare and unpredictable changes in the sound’s identity. By manipulating the temporal and probabilistic relationship between sound onset and movement onset, we disentangled the roles of event and temporal information and found that, as in the auditory-visual oddball task, deviance distraction is mediated by the extent to which distractor information harbingers the presentation of the target information (event information). This finding suggests that the provision of event information by auditory distractors is a fundamental prerequisite of behavioral deviance distraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biqin Li
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, P.R. China
- Department of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Fabrice B.R. Parmentier
- Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, P.R. China
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Kohrs C, Angenstein N, Scheich H, Brechmann A. Human striatum is differentially activated by delayed, omitted, and immediate registering feedback. Front Hum Neurosci 2012; 6:243. [PMID: 22969713 PMCID: PMC3430931 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The temporal contingency of feedback during conversations is an essential requirement of a successful dialog. In the current study, we investigated the effects of delayed and omitted registering feedback on fMRI activation and compared both unexpected conditions to immediate feedback. In the majority of trials of an auditory task, participants received an immediate visual feedback which merely indicated that a button press was registered but not whether the response was correct or not. In a minority of trials, and thus unexpectedly, the feedback was omitted, or delayed by 500 ms. The results reveal a response hierarchy of activation strength in the dorsal striatum and the substantia nigra: the response to the delayed feedback was larger compared to immediate feedback and immediate feedback showed a larger activation compared to the omission of feedback. This suggests that brain regions typically involved in reward processing are also activated by non-rewarding, registering feedback. Furthermore, the comparison with immediate feedback revealed that both omitted and delayed feedback significantly modulated activity in a network of brain regions that reflects attentional demand and adjustments in cognitive and action control, i.e., the posterior medial frontal cortex (pMFC), right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), bilateral anterior insula (aI), inferior frontal gyrus (Gfi), and inferior parietal lobe (Lpi). This finding emphasizes the importance of immediate feedback in human–computer interaction, as the effects of delayed feedback on brain activity in the described network seem to be similar to that of omitted feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Kohrs
- Special Lab Non-Invasive Brain Imaging, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology Magdeburg, Germany
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Felipo V, Ordoño JF, Urios A, El Mlili N, Giménez-Garzó C, Aguado C, González-Lopez O, Giner-Duran R, Serra MA, Wassel A, Rodrigo JM, Salazar J, Montoliu C. Patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy show impaired mismatch negativity correlating with reduced performance in attention tests. Hepatology 2012; 55:530-9. [PMID: 21953369 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Attention deficit is an early event in the cognitive impairment of patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). The underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Mismatch negativity (MMN) is an auditory event-related potential that reflects an attentional trigger. Patients with schizophrenia show impaired attention and cognitive function, which are reflected in altered MMN. We hypothesized that patients with MHE, similarly to those with schizophrenia, should show MMN alterations related with attention deficits. The aims of this work were to assess whether (1) MMN is altered in cirrhotic patients with MHE, compared to those without MHE, (2) MMN changes in parallel with performance in attention tests and/or MHE in a longitudinal study, and (3) MMN predicts performance in attention tests and/or in the Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score (PHES). We performed MMN analysis as well as attention and coordination tests in 34 control subjects and in 37 patients with liver cirrhosis without MHE and 23 with MHE. Patients with MHE show reduced performance in selective and sustained attention tests and in visuomotor and bimanual coordination tests. The MMN wave area was reduced in patients with MHE, but not in those without MHE. In the longitudinal study, MMN area improved in parallel with performance in attention tests and PHES in 4 patients and worsened in parallel in another 4. Logistic regression analyses showed that MMN area predicts performance in attention tests and in PHES, but not in other tests or critical flicker frequency. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed that MMN area predicts attention deficits in the number connection tests A and B, Stroop tasks, and MHE, with sensitivities of 75%-90% and specificities of 76%-83%. CONCLUSION MMN area is useful to diagnose attention deficits and MHE in patients with liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Felipo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
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31
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Bendixen A, SanMiguel I, Schröger E. Early electrophysiological indicators for predictive processing in audition: A review. Int J Psychophysiol 2012; 83:120-31. [PMID: 21867734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bendixen
- Institute for Psychology, University of Leipzig, Seeburgstraße 14-20, Leipzig, Germany.
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32
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Van der Molen MJW, Van der Molen MW, Ridderinkhof KR, Hamel BCJ, Curfs LMG, Ramakers GJA. Auditory change detection in fragile X syndrome males: a brain potential study. Clin Neurophysiol 2011; 123:1309-18. [PMID: 22192499 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigated involuntary change detection in a two-tone pre-attentive auditory discrimination paradigm in order to better understand the information processing mechanisms underlying attention deficits in fragile X syndrome (FXS) males. METHODS Sixteen males with the FXS full mutation and 20 age-matched control participants (mean age 29 years) were presented with series of auditory stimuli consisting of standard and deviant tones while watching a silent movie. RESULTS Brain potentials recorded to the tones showed that N1 and P2, sensory evoked potentials, were significantly enhanced in FXS compared to age-matched control participants. In contrast to controls, the N1 to standard tones failed to show long-term habituation to stimulus repetition in FXS. Additionally, both mismatch negativity and P3a generation, reflecting automatic change detection and the involuntary switch of attention, respectively, were significantly attenuated in FXS males. CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrates that auditory stimulus discrimination in the FXS brain is already compromised during the pre-attentive stages of information processing. Furthermore, the apparent pre-attentive information processing deficiencies in FXS coincide with a weakness in the involuntary engagement of attentional resources. SIGNIFICANCE The stimulus-driven information processing deficiencies in FXS might compromise information processing in several domains and, thus, present a key-deficit in FXS neurocognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J W Van der Molen
- Section of Developmental Psychology, Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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33
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Rong F, Holroyd T, Husain FT, Contreras-Vidal JL, Horwitz B. Task-specific modulation of human auditory evoked response in a delayed-match-to-sample task. Front Psychol 2011; 2:85. [PMID: 21687454 PMCID: PMC3110394 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we focus our investigation on task-specific cognitive modulation of early cortical auditory processing in human cerebral cortex. During the experiments, we acquired whole-head magnetoencephalography data while participants were performing an auditory delayed-match-to-sample (DMS) task and associated control tasks. Using a spatial filtering beamformer technique to simultaneously estimate multiple source activities inside the human brain, we observed a significant DMS-specific suppression of the auditory evoked response to the second stimulus in a sound pair, with the center of the effect being located in the vicinity of the left auditory cortex. For the right auditory cortex, a non-invariant suppression effect was observed in both DMS and control tasks. Furthermore, analysis of coherence revealed a beta band (12∼20 Hz) DMS-specific enhanced functional interaction between the sources in left auditory cortex and those in left inferior frontal gyrus, which has been shown to be involved in short-term memory processing during the delay period of DMS task. Our findings support the view that early evoked cortical responses to incoming acoustic stimuli can be modulated by task-specific cognitive functions by means of frontal–temporal functional interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Rong
- Brain Imaging and Modeling Section, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
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Steinschneider M, Nourski KV, Kawasaki H, Oya H, Brugge JF, Howard MA. Intracranial study of speech-elicited activity on the human posterolateral superior temporal gyrus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 21:2332-47. [PMID: 21368087 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhr014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
To clarify speech-elicited response patterns within auditory-responsive cortex of the posterolateral superior temporal (PLST) gyrus, time-frequency analyses of event-related band power in the high gamma frequency range (75-175 Hz) were performed on the electrocorticograms recorded from high-density subdural grid electrodes in 8 patients undergoing evaluation for medically intractable epilepsy. Stimuli were 6 stop consonant-vowel (CV) syllables that varied in their consonant place of articulation (POA) and voice onset time (VOT). Initial augmentation was maximal over several centimeters of PLST, lasted about 400 ms, and was often followed by suppression and a local outward expansion of activation. Maximal gamma power overlapped either the Nα or Pβ deflections of the average evoked potential (AEP). Correlations were observed between the relative magnitudes of gamma band responses elicited by unvoiced stop CV syllables (/pa/, /ka/, /ta/) and their corresponding voiced stop CV syllables (/ba/, /ga/, /da/), as well as by the VOT of the stimuli. VOT was also represented in the temporal patterns of the AEP. These findings, obtained in the passive awake state, indicate that PLST discriminates acoustic features associated with POA and VOT and serve as a benchmark upon which task-related speech activity can be compared.
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Braboszcz C, Delorme A. Lost in thoughts: neural markers of low alertness during mind wandering. Neuroimage 2010; 54:3040-7. [PMID: 20946963 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During concentration tasks, spontaneous attention shifts occurs towards self-centered matters. Little is known about the brain oscillatory activity underlying these mental phenomena. We recorded 128-channels electroencephalographic activity from 12 subjects performing a breath-counting task. Subjects were instructed to press a button whenever, based on their introspective experience, they realized their attention had drifted away from the task. Theta (4-7 Hz) and delta (2-3.5 Hz) EEG activity increased during mind wandering whereas alpha (9-11 Hz) and beta (15-30 Hz) decreased. A passive auditory oddball protocol was presented to the subjects to test brain-evoked responses to perceptual stimuli during mind wandering. Mismatch negativity evoked at 100 ms after oddball stimuli onset decreased during mind wandering whereas the brain-evoked responses at 200 ms after stimuli onset increased. Spectral analyses and evoked related potential results suggest decreased alertness and sensory processing during mind wandering. To our knowledge, our experiment is one of the first neuro-imaging studies that relies purely on subjects' introspective judgment, and shows that such judgment may be used to contrast different brain activity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Braboszcz
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, UMR 5549, Paul Sabatier University, Faculté de Médecine de Rangueil, Toulouse, France.
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36
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Bendixen A, Grimm S, Deouell LY, Wetzel N, Mädebach A, Schröger E. The time-course of auditory and visual distraction effects in a new crossmodal paradigm. Neuropsychologia 2010; 48:2130-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Revised: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 04/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zimmer U, Roberts KC, Harshbarger TB, Woldorff MG. Multisensory conflict modulates the spread of visual attention across a multisensory object. Neuroimage 2010; 52:606-16. [PMID: 20420924 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.04.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Revised: 03/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial attention to a visual stimulus that occurs synchronously with a task-irrelevant sound from a different location can lead to increased activity not only in the visual cortex, but also the auditory cortex, apparently reflecting the object-related spreading of attention across both space and modality (Busse et al., 2005). The processing of stimulus conflict, including multisensory stimulus conflict, is known to activate the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), but the interactive influence on the sensory cortices remains relatively unexamined. Here we used fMRI to examine whether the multisensory spread of visual attention across the sensory cortices previously observed will be modulated by whether there is conceptual or object-related conflict between the relevant visual and irrelevant auditory inputs. Subjects visually attended to one of two lateralized visual letter-streams while synchronously occurring, task-irrelevant, letter sounds were presented centrally, which could be either congruent or incongruent with the visual letters. We observed significant enhancements for incongruent versus congruent letter-sound combinations in the ACC and in the contralateral visual cortex when the visual component was attended, presumably reflecting the conflict detection and the need for boosted attention to the visual stimulus during incongruent trials. In the auditory cortices, activity increased bilaterally if the spatially discordant auditory stimulation was incongruent, but only in the left, language-dominant side when congruent. We conclude that a conflicting incongruent sound, even when task-irrelevant, distracts more strongly than a congruent one, leading to greater capture of attention. This greater capture of attention in turn results in increased activity in the auditory cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Zimmer
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, USA.
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38
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Horváth J, Winkler I. Distraction in a continuous-stimulation detection task. Biol Psychol 2010; 83:229-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Revised: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kaganovich N, Wray AH, Weber-Fox C. Non-linguistic auditory processing and working memory update in pre-school children who stutter: an electrophysiological study. Dev Neuropsychol 2010; 35:712-36. [PMID: 21038162 PMCID: PMC3059510 DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2010.508549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-linguistic auditory processing and working memory update were examined with event-related potentials (ERPs) in 18 children who stutter (CWS) and 18 children who do not stutter (CWNS). Children heard frequent 1 kHz tones interspersed with rare 2 kHz tones. The two groups did not differ on any measure of the P1 and N1 components, strongly suggesting that early auditory processing of pure tones is unimpaired in CWS. However, as a group, only CWNS exhibited a P3 component to rare tones, suggesting that developmental stuttering may be associated with a less efficient attentional allocation and working memory update in response to auditory change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Kaganovich
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, 500 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, USA 47906
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA 47906
| | - Amanda Hampton Wray
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, 500 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, USA 47906
| | - Christine Weber-Fox
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, 500 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, USA 47906
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May PJC, Tiitinen H. Mismatch negativity (MMN), the deviance-elicited auditory deflection, explained. Psychophysiology 2010; 47:66-122. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00856.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Diekhof EK, Biedermann F, Ruebsamen R, Gruber O. Top-down and bottom-up modulation of brain structures involved in auditory discrimination. Brain Res 2009; 1297:118-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Revised: 08/11/2009] [Accepted: 08/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Ryali S, Glover GH, Chang C, Menon V. Development, validation, and comparison of ICA-based gradient artifact reduction algorithms for simultaneous EEG-spiral in/out and echo-planar fMRI recordings. Neuroimage 2009; 48:348-61. [PMID: 19580873 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2009] [Revised: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
EEG data acquired in an MRI scanner are heavily contaminated by gradient artifacts that can significantly compromise signal quality. We developed two new methods based on independent component analysis (ICA) for reducing gradient artifacts from spiral in-out and echo-planar pulse sequences at 3 T, and compared our algorithms with four other commonly used methods: average artifact subtraction (Allen, P., Josephs, O., Turner, R., 2000. A method for removing imaging artifact from continuous EEG recorded during functional MRI. NeuroImage 12, 230-239.), principal component analysis (Niazy, R., Beckmann, C., Iannetti, G., Brady, J., Smith, S., 2005. Removal of FMRI environment artifacts from EEG data using optimal basis sets. NeuroImage 28, 720-737.), Taylor series ( Wan, X., Iwata, K., Riera, J., Kitamura, M., Kawashima, R., 2006. Artifact reduction for simultaneous EEG/fMRI recording: adaptive FIR reduction of imaging artifacts. Clin. Neurophysiol. 117, 681-692.) and a conventional temporal ICA algorithm. Models of gradient artifacts were derived from simulations as well as a water phantom and performance of each method was evaluated on datasets constructed using visual event-related potentials (ERPs) as well as resting EEG. Our new methods recovered ERPs and resting EEG below the beta band (<12.5 Hz) with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR>4). Our algorithms outperformed all of these methods on resting EEG in the theta and alpha bands (SNR>4); however, for all methods, signal recovery was modest (SNR approximately 1) in the beta band and poor (SNR<0.3) in the gamma band and above. We found that the conventional ICA algorithm performed poorly with uniformly low SNR (<0.1). Taken together, our new ICA-based methods offer a more robust technique for gradient artifact reduction when scanning at 3 T using spiral in-out and echo-planar pulse sequences. We provide new insights into the strengths and weaknesses of each method using a unified subspace framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ryali
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5778, USA.
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Niznikiewicz MA, Spencer KM, Dickey C, Voglmaier M, Seidman LJ, Shenton ME, McCarley RW. Abnormal pitch mismatch negativity in individuals with schizotypal personality disorder. Schizophr Res 2009; 110:188-93. [PMID: 19327968 PMCID: PMC4285443 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2008.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Revised: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of the study was to examine mismatch negativity (MMN) in schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) individuals. Abnormal MMN has been a consistent finding in chronic schizophrenia and there also have been reports of reduced duration MMN in first episode schizophrenia patients [Umbricht, D., Krljes, S., Mismatch negativity in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Research (2005); 76(1):1-23], with some studies finding no pitch MMN amplitude differences [Salisbury, D.F., Shenton, M.E., Griggs, C.B., Bonner-Jackson, A., McCarley, R.W., Mismatch negativity n chronic schizophrenia and first-episode schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry (2002); 59(8):686-694.], while others reporting a modest reduction [Umbricht, D.S., Bates, J.A., Lieberman, J.A., Kane, J.M., Javitt, D.C., Electrophysiological indices of automatic and controlled auditory information processing in first-episode, recent-onset and chronic schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry (2006); 59(8):762-772], in recent onset schizophrenia patients. To our knowledge no reports exist of MMN in SPD individuals. METHODS Twenty six normal (14 females) control and 23 SPD (12 females) individuals were tested using the pitch MMN paradigm. Normal control (NC) and SPD individuals were recruited from the general population and assessed using DSM-IV. SPD individuals were included if they met 5 or more criteria for SPD disorder. The subjects listened to 2000 frequent 1 kHz pure tones and 100 rare 1.2 kHz pure tones while reading a magazine article. MMN was measured from a difference waveform within the latency window of 175-276 ms. RESULTS Reduced MMN amplitude was found in SPD relative to NC subjects (p<0.045). CONCLUSIONS These results point to potential differences between SPD and schizophrenia, where no reduction in MMN was found in most studies of first episode patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Niznikiewicz
- VA Boston Healthcare System Boston VA Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain VA and Brockton VA campuses, United States.
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Chen A, Xu P, Wang Q, Luo Y, Yuan J, Yao D, Li H. The timing of cognitive control in partially incongruent categorization. Hum Brain Mapp 2009; 29:1028-39. [PMID: 17894393 PMCID: PMC6871019 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We designed a novel task, partially incongruent categorization (PIC), to examine the timing of cognitive control. In the PIC task, participants categorized the probe stimulus according to a specific concept, and the number of features corresponding to the concept was varied. When there was one feature (c1 condition), the probe would elicit only categorization, but when there was more than one feature (c2 and c3 conditions), the probe would also elicit cognitive control. Here, the high temporal resolution of event-related potentials (ERPs) was utilized to investigate the temporal patterns of activity during conflict detection and control. Cognitive control elicited a N2 that was much larger in response to c2 and c3 than c1 in stimulus-locked waveforms, and no difference was evident between c2 and c3. The N2 was followed by a P3 that was much less on c2 and c3 than c1 trials, with no difference between c2 and c3. A dipole source analysis for two difference waves, c2-c1 and c3-c1, further showed that the corresponding dipoles of the N2 and P3 in the cognitive control conditions were in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC), respectively. Taken together, the present findings support that ERP components in response to the PIC task reflect the time course of cognitive control: the N2 responds to conflict information and subsequently activates the P3 to control this conflict. The connection between the ACC and PFC is supported by their sequential activation within trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of MOE, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electric Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electric Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Quanhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of MOE, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuejia Luo
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiajin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of MOE, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electric Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of MOE, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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45
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Geiser E, Ziegler E, Jancke L, Meyer M. Early electrophysiological correlates of meter and rhythm processing in music perception. Cortex 2008; 45:93-102. [PMID: 19100973 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2007.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2007] [Revised: 07/20/2007] [Accepted: 09/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The two main characteristics of temporal structuring in music are meter and rhythm. The present experiment investigated the event-related potentials (ERP) of these two structural elements with a focus on differential effects of attended and unattended processing. The stimulus material consisted of an auditory rhythm presented repetitively to subjects in which metrical and rhythmical changes as well as pitch changes were inserted. Subjects were to detect and categorize either temporal changes (attended condition) or pitch changes (unattended condition). Furthermore, we compared a group of long-term trained subjects (musicians) to non-musicians. As expected, behavioural data revealed that trained subjects performed significantly better than untrained subjects. This effect was mainly due to the better detection of the meter deviants. Rhythm as well as meter changes elicited an early negative deflection compared to standard tones in the attended processing condition, while in the unattended processing condition only the rhythm change elicited this negative deflection. Both effects were found across all experimental subjects with no difference between the two groups. Thus, our data suggest that meter and rhythm perception could differ with respect to the time course of processing and lend credence to the notion of different neurophysiological processes underlying the auditory perception of rhythm and meter in music. Furthermore, the data indicate that non-musicians are as proficient as musicians when it comes to rhythm perception, suggesting that correct rhythm perception is crucial not only for musicians but for every individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Geiser
- Department of Neuropsychology, University Zurich, Switzerland
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46
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Bennett A O MR. Consciousness and hallucinations in schizophrenia: the role of synapse regression. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2008; 42:915-31. [PMID: 18941956 DOI: 10.1080/00048670802419253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Consciousness takes two forms, transitive and intransitive. Transitive consciousness is a matter of being conscious of something or other whereas intransitive consciousness has no object, as being conscious or awake. Of the different forms of transitive consciousness, perceptual, somatic, kinaesthetic and so on, cognitive neuroscience has concentrated on determining the neural concomitants of perceptual consciousness. To be conscious of a percept is to be aware of it and this requires attending to it. This work sets out a hypothesis as to what brain areas are involved in a schizophrenia subject attending and becoming aware of hallucinations. First, the different areas of cortex that support different visual and auditory illusions of percepts are considered. Next it is argued that endogenous activity in these areas of cortex give rise to hallucinations of percepts that are similar to the percepts that these same areas support during illusions. The basis of such endogenous activity, it is suggested, is to be found in the paucity of afferent synapses to these cortical areas. This may occur as a consequence of loss and regression of synapses due to a degenerative disease or because of abnormal synapse formation and regression during childhood and adolescence, as is likely to be the case in schizophrenia. Finally the neural basis of attention and awareness of these hallucinations are considered for subjects suffering from schizophrenia, and a set of important questions posed that await elucidation through future experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell R Bennett A O
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
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47
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Russ BE, Orr LE, Cohen YE. Prefrontal neurons predict choices during an auditory same-different task. Curr Biol 2008; 18:1483-8. [PMID: 18818080 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2008.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Revised: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The detection of stimuli is critical for an animal's survival [1]. However, it is not adaptive for an animal to respond automatically to every stimulus that is present in the environment [2-5]. Given that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a key role in executive function [6-8], we hypothesized that PFC activity should be involved in context-dependent responses to uncommon stimuli. As a test of this hypothesis, monkeys participated in a same-different task, a variant of an oddball task [2]. During this task, a monkey heard multiple presentations of a "reference" stimulus that were followed by a "test" stimulus and reported whether these stimuli were the same or different. While they participated in this task, we recorded from neurons in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vPFC; a cortical area involved in aspects of nonspatial auditory processing [9, 10]). We found that vPFC activity was correlated with the monkeys' choices. This finding demonstrates a direct link between single neurons and behavioral choices in the PFC on a nonspatial auditory task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Russ
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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48
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Kimura M, Katayama J, Murohashi H. Underlying mechanisms of the P3a task-difficulty effect. Psychophysiology 2008; 45:731-41. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2008.00684.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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49
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Force RB, Venables NC, Sponheim SR. An auditory processing abnormality specific to liability for schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2008; 103:298-310. [PMID: 18571375 PMCID: PMC3816098 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2008.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2007] [Revised: 04/18/2008] [Accepted: 04/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal brain activity during the processing of simple sounds is evident in individuals with increased genetic liability for schizophrenia; however, the diagnostic specificity of these abnormalities has yet to be fully examined. Because recent evidence suggests that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder may share aspects of genetic etiology the present study was conducted to determine whether individuals with heightened genetic liability for each disorder manifested distinct neural abnormalities during auditory processing. Utilizing a dichotic listening paradigm, we assessed target tone discrimination and electrophysiological responses in schizophrenia patients, first-degree biological relatives of schizophrenia patients, bipolar disorder patients, first-degree biological relatives of bipolar patients and nonpsychiatric control participants. Schizophrenia patients and relatives of schizophrenia patients demonstrated reductions in an early neural response (i.e. N1) suggestive of deficient sensory registration of auditory stimuli. Bipolar patients and relatives of bipolar patients demonstrated no such abnormality. Both schizophrenia and bipolar patients failed to significantly augment N1 amplitude with attention. Schizophrenia patients also failed to show sensitivity of longer-latency neural processes (N2) to stimulus frequency suggesting a disorder specific deficit in stimulus classification. Only schizophrenia patients exhibited reduced target tone discrimination accuracy. Reduced N1 responses reflective of early auditory processing abnormalities are suggestive of a marker of genetic liability for schizophrenia and may serve as an endophenotype for the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel B. Force
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
| | | | - Scott R. Sponheim
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities,Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis
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50
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Berti S. Cognitive control after distraction: Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) dissociate between different processes of attentional allocation. Psychophysiology 2008; 45:608-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2008.00660.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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