1
|
Jeong GJ, Khan F, Tabassum N, Cho KJ, Kim YM. Strategies for controlling polymicrobial biofilms: A focus on antibiofilm agents. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2024; 64:107243. [PMID: 38908533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Polymicrobial biofilms are among the leading causes of antimicrobial treatment failure. In these biofilms, bacterial and fungal pathogens interact synergistically at the interspecies, intraspecies, and interkingdom levels. Consequently, combating polymicrobial biofilms is substantially more difficult compared to single-species biofilms due to their distinct properties and the resulting potential variation in antimicrobial drug efficiency. In recent years, there has been an increased focus on developing alternative strategies for controlling polymicrobial biofilms formed by bacterial and fungal pathogens. Current approaches for controlling polymicrobial biofilms include monotherapy (using either natural or synthetic compounds), combination treatments, and nanomaterials. Here, a comprehensive review of different types of polymicrobial interactions between pathogenic bacterial species or bacteria and fungi is provided along with a discussion of their relevance. The mechanisms of action of individual compounds, combination treatments, and nanomaterials against polymicrobial biofilms are thoroughly explored. This review provides various future perspectives that can advance the strategies used to control polymicrobial biofilms and their likely modes of action. Since the majority of research on combating polymicrobial biofilms has been conducted in vitro, it would be an essential step in performing in vivo tests to determine the clinical effectiveness of different treatments against polymicrobial biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geum-Jae Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Fazlurrahman Khan
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Institute of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; International Graduate Program of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nazia Tabassum
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dehbozorgi A, Jandali B, Turner R, Rohr A, Custer B, Young K, Walter C, Clark L, Li Y, Polineni D, Mermis J. Safety of non-cuffed tunneled central venous catheters in adults with cystic fibrosis. Respir Med Res 2024; 85:101073. [PMID: 38157768 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmer.2023.101073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are the most common route of intravenous (I.V.) access for treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) pulmonary exacerbations, but repeated PICC placement can result in upper extremity peripheral venous stenosis. Once peripheral stenosis develops, a non-cuffed tunneled central venous catheter (NcTCVC) is an alternative route for IV access. While these are regularly used at some CF centers, the safety and complication rate compared to PICCs in adults with CF has not been reported. This study aims to describe the safety of NcTCVCs in adults with CF. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed at a CF Foundation accredited institution including adults with CF who received NcTCVCs in interventional radiology from 7/19/2007 to 3/09/2020. Complications analyzed included catheter related deep venous thrombosis (DVT), central line associated blood stream infection (CLABSI), and catheter related central venous stenosis. Complications were considered attributable if they occurred while the catheter was in place or within 30 days of catheter removal. RESULTS During the study duration, 386 NcTCVCs were placed in 60 unique patients (55 % female) with a mean of 6.4 catheters per patient. Majority of NcTCVCs placed were 4 French (61.4 %). Average duration of indwelling NcTCVC was 16.2 days. No patients demonstrated catheter attributable symptomatic DVT. The incidence of DVT, CLABSI, and central venous stenosis was 0 (0 %), 4 (1 %), and 1 (0.3 %), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Many adults with CF have required insertion of numerous PICCs for the treatment of recurrent pulmonary exacerbations. In those adults that develop PICC-associated peripheral vein stenosis precluding PICC placement, these results indicate NcTCVCs are a safe alternative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arshan Dehbozorgi
- Department of Radiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Badr Jandali
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Robert Turner
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Aaron Rohr
- Department of Radiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Brandon Custer
- Department of Radiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Kate Young
- Department of Radiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Carissa Walter
- Department of Radiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Lauren Clark
- Department of Radiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Yanming Li
- Department of Radiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Deepika Polineni
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Pulmonary Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Joel Mermis
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jain K, Wainwright CE, Smyth AR. Bronchoscopy-guided antimicrobial therapy for cystic fibrosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2024; 5:CD009530. [PMID: 38700027 PMCID: PMC11066959 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd009530.pub5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis and treatment of lower respiratory tract infections is the mainstay of management of lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). When sputum samples are unavailable, diagnosis relies mainly on cultures from oropharyngeal specimens; however, there are concerns about whether this approach is sensitive enough to identify lower respiratory organisms. Bronchoscopy and related procedures such as bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) are invasive but allow the collection of lower respiratory specimens from non-sputum producers. Cultures of bronchoscopic specimens provide a higher yield of organisms compared to those from oropharyngeal specimens. Regular use of bronchoscopy and related procedures may increase the accuracy of diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections and improve the selection of antimicrobials, which may lead to clinical benefits. This is an update of a previous review that was first published in 2013 and was updated in 2016 and in 2018. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the use of bronchoscopy-guided (also known as bronchoscopy-directed) antimicrobial therapy in the management of lung infection in adults and children with cystic fibrosis. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis Trials Register, compiled from electronic database searches and handsearching of journals and conference abstract books. We also searched three registries of ongoing studies and the reference lists of relevant articles and reviews. The date of the most recent searches was 1 November 2023. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled studies involving people of any age with CF that compared the outcomes of antimicrobial therapies guided by the results of bronchoscopy (and related procedures) versus those guided by any other type of sampling (e.g. cultures from sputum, throat swab and cough swab). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently selected studies, assessed their risk of bias and extracted data. We contacted study investigators for further information when required. We assessed the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE criteria. MAIN RESULTS We included two studies in this updated review. One study enrolled 170 infants under six months of age who had been diagnosed with CF through newborn screening. Participants were followed until they were five years old, and data were available for 157 children. The study compared outcomes for pulmonary exacerbations following treatment directed by BAL versus standard treatment based on clinical features and oropharyngeal cultures. The second study enrolled 30 children with CF aged between five and 18 years and randomised participants to receive treatment based on microbiological results of BAL triggered by an increase in lung clearance index (LCI) of at least one unit above baseline or to receive standard treatment based on microbiological results of oropharyngeal samples collected when participants were symptomatic. We judged both studies to have a low risk of bias across most domains, although the risk of bias for allocation concealment and selective reporting was unclear in the smaller study. In the larger study, the statistical power to detect a significant difference in the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was low because Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolation in BAL samples at five years of age in both groups were much lower than the expected rate that was used for the power calculation. We graded the certainty of evidence for the key outcomes as low, other than for high-resolution computed tomography scoring and cost-of-care analysis, which we graded as moderate certainty. Both studies reported similar outcomes, but meta-analysis was not possible due to different ways of measuring the outcomes and different indications for the use of BAL. Whether antimicrobial therapy is directed by the use of BAL or standard care may make little or no difference in lung function z scores after two years (n = 29) as measured by the change from baseline in LCI and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (low-certainty evidence). At five years, the larger study found little or no difference between groups in absolute FEV1 z score or forced vital capacity (FVC) (low-certainty evidence). BAL-directed therapy probably makes little or no difference to any measure of chest scores assessed by computed tomography (CT) scan at either two or five years (different measures used in the two studies; moderate-certainty evidence). BAL-directed therapy may make little or no difference in nutritional parameters or in the number of positive isolates of P aeruginosa per participant per year, but may lead to more hospitalisations per year (1 study, 157 participants; low-certainty evidence). There is probably no difference in average cost of care per participant (either for hospitalisations or total costs) at five years between BAL-directed therapy and standard care (1 study, 157 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). We found no difference in health-related quality of life between BAL-directed therapy and standard care at either two or five years, and the larger study found no difference in the number of isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa per child per year. The eradication rate following one or two courses of eradication treatment and the number of pulmonary exacerbations were comparable in the two groups. Mild adverse events, when reported, were generally well tolerated. The most common adverse event reported was transient worsening of cough after 29% of procedures. Significant clinical deterioration was documented during or within 24 hours of BAL in 4.8% of procedures. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This review, limited to two well-designed randomised controlled studies, shows no evidence to support the routine use of BAL for the diagnosis and management of pulmonary infection in preschool children with CF compared to the standard practice of providing treatment based on results of oropharyngeal culture and clinical symptoms. No evidence is available for adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamini Jain
- Leicester Children's Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Claire E Wainwright
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alan R Smyth
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
McDermott G, Walsh A, Crispie F, Frost S, Greally P, Cotter PD, O’Sullivan O, Renwick J. Insights into the Adolescent Cystic Fibrosis Airway Microbiome Using Shotgun Metagenomics. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3893. [PMID: 38612702 PMCID: PMC11011389 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited genetic disorder which manifests primarily in airway disease. Recent advances in molecular technologies have unearthed the diverse polymicrobial nature of the CF airway. Numerous studies have characterised the genus-level composition of this airway community using targeted 16S rDNA sequencing. Here, we employed whole-genome shotgun metagenomics to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the early CF airway microbiome. We collected 48 sputum samples from 11 adolescents and children with CF over a 12-month period and performed shotgun metagenomics on the Illumina NextSeq platform. We carried out functional and taxonomic analysis of the lung microbiome at the species and strain levels. Correlations between microbial diversity measures and independent demographic and clinical variables were performed. Shotgun metagenomics detected a greater diversity of bacteria than culture-based methods. A large proportion of the top 25 most-dominant species were anaerobes. Samples dominated by Staphylococcus aureus and Prevotella melaninogenica had significantly higher microbiome diversity, while no CF pathogen was associated with reduced microbial diversity. There was a diverse resistome present in all samples in this study, with 57.8% agreement between shotgun metagenomics and culture-based methods for detection of resistance. Pathogenic sequence types (STs) of S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were observed to persist in young CF patients, while STs of S. aureus were both persistent and shared between patients. This study provides new insight into the temporal changes in strain level composition of the microbiome and the landscape of the resistome in young people with CF. Shotgun metagenomics could provide a very useful one-stop assay for detecting pathogens, emergence of resistance and conversion to persistent colonisation in early CF disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian McDermott
- Trinity Centre for Health Science, Clinical Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, Trinity College Dublin, Tallaght University Hospital, D24 NR0A Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Aaron Walsh
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Co Cork, Ireland; (A.W.); (F.C.); (P.D.C.); (O.O.)
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 R229 Co Cork, Ireland
| | - Fiona Crispie
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Co Cork, Ireland; (A.W.); (F.C.); (P.D.C.); (O.O.)
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 R229 Co Cork, Ireland
| | - Susanna Frost
- Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, D24 NR0 Dublin, Ireland (P.G.)
| | - Peter Greally
- Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, D24 NR0 Dublin, Ireland (P.G.)
- Hermitage Medical Clinic, Lucan, D20 W722 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul D. Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Co Cork, Ireland; (A.W.); (F.C.); (P.D.C.); (O.O.)
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 R229 Co Cork, Ireland
| | - Orla O’Sullivan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Co Cork, Ireland; (A.W.); (F.C.); (P.D.C.); (O.O.)
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 R229 Co Cork, Ireland
| | - Julie Renwick
- Trinity Centre for Health Science, Clinical Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, Trinity College Dublin, Tallaght University Hospital, D24 NR0A Dublin, Ireland;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abrami M, Biasin A, Tescione F, Tierno D, Dapas B, Carbone A, Grassi G, Conese M, Di Gioia S, Larobina D, Grassi M. Mucus Structure, Viscoelastic Properties, and Composition in Chronic Respiratory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1933. [PMID: 38339210 PMCID: PMC10856136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The respiratory mucus, a viscoelastic gel, effectuates a primary line of the airway defense when operated by the mucociliary clearance. In chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis (CF), the mucus is overproduced and its solid content augments, changing its structure and viscoelastic properties and determining a derangement of essential defense mechanisms against opportunistic microbial (virus and bacteria) pathogens. This ensues in damaging of the airways, leading to a vicious cycle of obstruction and infection responsible for the harsh clinical evolution of these CRDs. Here, we review the essential features of normal and pathological mucus (i.e., sputum in CF, COPD, and asthma), i.e., mucin content, structure (mesh size), micro/macro-rheology, pH, and osmotic pressure, ending with the awareness that sputum biomarkers (mucins, inflammatory proteins and peptides, and metabolites) might serve to indicate acute exacerbation and response to therapies. There are some indications that old and novel treatments may change the structure, viscoelastic properties, and biomarker content of sputum; however, a wealth of work is still needed to embrace these measures as correlates of disease severity in association with (or even as substitutes of) pulmonary functional tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Abrami
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6/A, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.A.); (A.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Alice Biasin
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6/A, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.A.); (A.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Fabiana Tescione
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, P.le E. Fermi 1, I-80055 Portici, Italy; (F.T.); (D.L.)
| | - Domenico Tierno
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, I-34149 Trieste, Italy; (D.T.); (G.G.)
| | - Barbara Dapas
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Annalucia Carbone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 121, I-71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.C.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, I-34149 Trieste, Italy; (D.T.); (G.G.)
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 121, I-71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.C.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Sante Di Gioia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 121, I-71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.C.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Domenico Larobina
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, P.le E. Fermi 1, I-80055 Portici, Italy; (F.T.); (D.L.)
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6/A, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.A.); (A.B.); (M.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ambreetha S, Zincke D, Balachandar D, Mathee K. Genomic and metabolic versatility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa contributes to its inter-kingdom transmission and survival. J Med Microbiol 2024; 73. [PMID: 38362900 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most versatile bacteria with renowned pathogenicity and extensive drug resistance. The diverse habitats of this bacterium include fresh, saline and drainage waters, soil, moist surfaces, taps, showerheads, pipelines, medical implants, nematodes, insects, plants, animals, birds and humans. The arsenal of virulence factors produced by P. aeruginosa includes pyocyanin, rhamnolipids, siderophores, lytic enzymes, toxins and polysaccharides. All these virulent elements coupled with intrinsic, adaptive and acquired antibiotic resistance facilitate persistent colonization and lethal infections in different hosts. To date, treating pulmonary diseases remains complicated due to the chronic secondary infections triggered by hospital-acquired P. aeruginosa. On the contrary, this bacterium can improve plant growth by suppressing phytopathogens and insects. Notably, P. aeruginosa is one of the very few bacteria capable of trans-kingdom transmission and infection. Transfer of P. aeruginosa strains from plant materials to hospital wards, animals to humans, and humans to their pets occurs relatively often. Recently, we have identified that plant-associated P. aeruginosa strains could be pathologically similar to clinical isolates. In this review, we have highlighted the genomic and metabolic factors that facilitate the dominance of P. aeruginosa across different biological kingdoms and the varying roles of this bacterium in plant and human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakthivel Ambreetha
- Developmental Biology and Genetics, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Diansy Zincke
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Dananjeyan Balachandar
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kalai Mathee
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang H, Vandesompele J, Braeckmans K, De Smedt SC, Remaut K. Nucleic acid degradation as barrier to gene delivery: a guide to understand and overcome nuclease activity. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:317-360. [PMID: 38073448 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00194f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Gene therapy is on its way to revolutionize the treatment of both inherited and acquired diseases, by transferring nucleic acids to correct a disease-causing gene in the target cells of patients. In the fight against infectious diseases, mRNA-based therapeutics have proven to be a viable strategy in the recent Covid-19 pandemic. Although a growing number of gene therapies have been approved, the success rate is limited when compared to the large number of preclinical and clinical trials that have been/are being performed. In this review, we highlight some of the hurdles which gene therapies encounter after administration into the human body, with a focus on nucleic acid degradation by nucleases that are extremely abundant in mammalian organs, biological fluids as well as in subcellular compartments. We overview the available strategies to reduce the biodegradation of gene therapeutics after administration, including chemical modifications of the nucleic acids, encapsulation into vectors and co-administration with nuclease inhibitors and discuss which strategies are applied for clinically approved nucleic acid therapeutics. In the final part, we discuss the currently available methods and techniques to qualify and quantify the integrity of nucleic acids, with their own strengths and limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heyang Zhang
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jo Vandesompele
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Remaut
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gilchrist FJ, Bui S, Gartner S, McColley SA, Tiddens H, Ruiz G, Stehling F, Alani M, Gurtovaya O, Bresnik M, Watkins TR, Frankovic B, Skov M. ALPINE2: Efficacy and safety of 14-day vs 28-day inhaled aztreonam for Pa eradication in children with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2024; 23:80-86. [PMID: 37455237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic eradication therapies recommended for newly isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) can be burdensome. ALPINE2 compared the efficacy and safety of a shortened 14-day course of aztreonam for inhalation solution (AZLI) with 28-day AZLI in paediatric pwCF. METHODS ALPINE2 (a double-blind, phase 3b study) included children aged 3 months to <18 years with CF and new-onset Pa infection. Participants were randomized to receive 75 mg AZLI three times daily for either 28 or 14 days followed by 14 days' matched placebo. The primary endpoint was rate of primary Pa eradication (no Pa detected during the 4 weeks post AZLI treatment). Non-inferiority was achieved if the lower 95% CI bound of the treatment difference between the two arms was above -20%. Secondary endpoints included assessments of Pa recurrence during 108 weeks of follow-up after primary eradication. Safety endpoints included treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). RESULTS In total, 149 participants were randomized (14-day AZLI, n = 74; 28-day AZLI, n = 75) and 142 (95.3%) completed treatment. Median age: 6.0 years (range: 0.3-17.0). Baseline characteristics were similar between treatment arms. Primary Pa eradication rates: 14-day AZLI, 55.9%; 28-day AZLI, 63.4%; treatment difference (CI), -8.0% (-24.6, 8.6%). Pa recurrence rates at follow-up end: 14-day AZLI, 54.1% (n = 20/37); 28-day AZLI, 41.9% (n = 18/43). TEAEs were similar between treatment arms. No new safety signals were observed. CONCLUSIONS Non-inferiority of 14-day AZLI versus 28-day AZLI was not demonstrated. Both courses were well tolerated, further supporting AZLI short-term safety in paediatric and adolescent pwCF. CLINICALTRIALS GOV: NCT03219164.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis J Gilchrist
- Paediatric Respiratory Services, Staffordshire Children's Hospital at Royal Stoke, University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, UK; Institute of Applied Clinical Science, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK.
| | - Stephanie Bui
- Bordeaux University Hospital, Hôpital Pellegrin-Enfants, Paediatric Cystic Fibrosis Reference Center (CRCM), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC 1401), Bordeaux, France.
| | - Silvia Gartner
- Paediatric Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Susanna A McColley
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Harm Tiddens
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Gary Ruiz
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Florian Stehling
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Cystic Fibrosis Center, Children's Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Muhsen Alani
- Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA, USA; Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | - Marianne Skov
- CF Centre Copenhagen, Paediatric Pulmonary Service, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dwivedi J, Wal P, Dash B, Ovais M, Sachan P, Verma V. Diabetic Pneumopathy- A Novel Diabetes-associated Complication: Pathophysiology, the Underlying Mechanism and Combination Medication. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:1027-1052. [PMID: 37817659 DOI: 10.2174/0118715303265960230926113201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The "diabetic lung" has been identified as a possible target organ in diabetes, with abnormalities in ventilation control, bronchomotor tone, lung volume, pulmonary diffusing capacity, and neuroadrenergic bronchial innervation. OBJECTIVE This review summarizes studies related to diabetic pneumopathy, pathophysiology and a number of pulmonary disorders including type 1 and type 2 diabetes. METHODS Electronic searches were conducted on databases such as Pub Med, Wiley Online Library (WOL), Scopus, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using standard keywords "diabetes," "diabetes Pneumopathy," "Pathophysiology," "Lung diseases," "lung infection" for review articles published between 1978 to 2023 very few previous review articles based their focus on diabetic pneumopathy and its pathophysiology. RESULTS Globally, the incidence of diabetes mellitus has been rising. It is a chronic, progressive metabolic disease. The "diabetic lung" may serve as a model of accelerated ageing since diabetics' rate of respiratory function deterioration is two to three-times higher than that of normal, non-smoking people. CONCLUSION Diabetes-induced pulmonary dysfunction has not gained the attention it deserves due to a lack of proven causality and changes in cellular properties. The mechanism underlying a particular lung illness can still only be partially activated by diabetes but there is evidence that hyperglycemia is linked to pulmonary fibrosis in diabetic people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsana Dwivedi
- PSIT- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Kanpur, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- PSIT- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Kanpur, India
| | - Biswajit Dash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, ADAMAS University, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Pranjal Sachan
- PSIT- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Kanpur, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Corcoran A, Faig W, Ren CL. Clinical features associated with pulmonary exacerbation diagnosis in infants and young children with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2023. [PMID: 38131505 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Diagnosing cystic fibrosis (CF) pulmonary exacerbations (PEx) in very young people with CF <3 years (VY-PwCF) is challenging because of the frequency of respiratory viral infections in this age group, and there are limited data on the clinical features associated with the diagnosis of PEx in this age group. The goal of this study was to identify clinical features associated with the diagnosis of PEx in VY-PwCF. METHODS We reviewed the medical records of VY-PwCF followed at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia born between 2013 and 2019. We collected data from all encounters with respiratory symptoms. PEx was defined by treatment with oral or intravenous antibiotics. Clinical features of PEx and non-PEx encounters were compared using descriptive statistics, and odds ratios of PEx diagnosis were calculated. RESULTS A total of 78 patients were included in the analysis. The mean (SD) number of PEx per patient was 6.17 (5.88). The presence of a wet or nighttime cough and symptoms >3 days in duration were significantly associated with PEx diagnosis (p < .001). In contrast, symptoms such as sore throat or rhinorrhea were not associated with a higher likelihood of PEx. CONCLUSIONS The presence of a wet or night-time cough and longer symptom duration are common features of PEx in VY-PwCF, whereas symptoms suggestive of upper respiratory viral infection are not. Our results will be helpful in counseling families of VY-PwCF in the signs and symptoms of PEx and in planning future research in PEx in this age group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Corcoran
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Walter Faig
- Biostatistics and Data Management Core, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Clement L Ren
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gramegna A, Misuraca S, Lombardi A, Premuda C, Barone I, Ori M, Amati F, Retucci M, Nazzari E, Alicandro G, Ferrarese M, Codecasa L, Bandera A, Aliberti S, Daccò V, Blasi F. Treatable traits and challenges in the clinical management of non-tuberculous mycobacteria lung disease in people with cystic fibrosis. Respir Res 2023; 24:316. [PMID: 38104098 PMCID: PMC10725605 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02612-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the last ten years an increasing prevalence and incidence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) has been reported among patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) Viviani (J Cyst Fibros, 15(5):619-623, 2016). NTM pulmonary disease has been associated with negative clinical outcomes and often requires pharmacological treatment. Although specific guidelines help clinicians in the process of diagnosis and clinical management, the focus on the multidimensional assessment of concomitant problems is still scarce. MAIN BODY This review aims to identify the treatable traits of NTM pulmonary disease in people with CF and discuss the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in order to detect and manage all the clinical and behavioral aspects of the disease. The multidisciplinary complexity of NTM pulmonary disease in CF requires careful management of respiratory and extra-respiratory, including control of comorbidities, drug interactions and behavioral factors as adherence to therapies. CONCLUSIONS The treatable trait strategy can help to optimize clinical management through systematic assessment of all the aspects of the disease, providing a holistic treatment for such a multi-systemic and complex condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gramegna
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Sofia Misuraca
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Lombardi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Premuda
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Barone
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Ori
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Amati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072, Milan, Italy
- Respiratory Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariangela Retucci
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Healthcare Professions Department, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Erica Nazzari
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda 9, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Alicandro
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ferrarese
- Regional TB Reference Centre, Villa Marelli Institute, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Codecasa
- Regional TB Reference Centre, Villa Marelli Institute, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bandera
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Aliberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072, Milan, Italy
- Respiratory Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Daccò
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda 9, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Blasi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mansour KE, Qi Y, Yan M, Ramström O, Priebe GP, Schaefers MM. Small-molecule activators of a bacterial signaling pathway inhibit virulence. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.02.569726. [PMID: 38076823 PMCID: PMC10705554 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.02.569726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The Burkholderia genus encompasses multiple human pathogens, including potential bioterrorism agents, that are often extensively antibiotic resistant. The FixLJ pathway in Burkholderia is a two-component system that regulates virulence. Previous work showed that fixLJ mutations arising during chronic infection confer increased virulence while decreasing the activity of the FixLJ pathway. We hypothesized that small-molecule activators of the FixLJ pathway could serve as anti-virulence therapies. Here, we developed a high-throughput assay that screened over 28,000 compounds and identified 11 that could specifically active the FixLJ pathway. Eight of these compounds, denoted Burkholderia Fix Activator (BFA) 1-8, inhibited the intracellular survival of Burkholderia in THP-1-dervived macrophages in a fixLJ-dependent manner without significant toxicity. One of the compounds, BFA1, inhibited the intracellular survival in macrophages of multiple Burkholderia species. Predictive modeling of the interaction of BFA1 with Burkholderia FixL suggests that BFA1 binds to the putative ATP/ADP binding pocket in the kinase domain, indicating a potential mechanism for pathway activation. These results indicate that small-molecule FixLJ pathway activators are promising anti-virulence agents for Burkholderia and define a new paradigm for antibacterial therapeutic discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E. Mansour
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yunchuan Qi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave., Lowell, MA 01854
| | - Mingdi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave., Lowell, MA 01854
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave., Lowell, MA 01854
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Gregory P. Priebe
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital; Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew M. Schaefers
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital; Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Özer B, Özbek Çelık B. Comparative in vitro activities of eravacycline in combination with colistin, meropenem, or ceftazidime against various Achromobacter spp. strains isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis. J Chemother 2023; 35:700-706. [PMID: 37211830 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2023.2213600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Achromobacter species is an emerging pathogen causing chronic bacterial infections in patients with certain conditions, such as cystic fibrosis (CF), hematologic and solid organ malignancies, renal failure, and certain immune deficiencies. In the present study, we assessed the in vitro bactericidal activities of eravacycline, either alone or in combination with colistin, meropenem, or ceftazidime, using 50 Achromobacter spp. strains isolated from CF patients. We also investigated the synergistic interactions of these combinations using microbroth dilutions against 50 strains of Achromobacter spp. Bactericidal, and we assessed the synergistic effects of the tested antibiotic combinations using the time-kill curve (TKC) technique. Our studies show that meropenem alone is the most effective antibiotic of those tested. Based on the TKCs, we found that eravacycline-colistin combinations display both bactericidal and synergistic activities for 24 h against 5 of the 6 Achromobacter spp. strains, including colistin-resistant ones, at 4xMIC of colistin. Although we did not observe synergistic interactions with eravacycline-meropenem or eravacycline-ceftazidime combinations, we did not observe antagonism with any combination tested.This study's findings could have important implications for antimicrobial therapy with tested antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bekir Özer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, University of Istanbul, Beyazıt, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Istanbul, Beyazıt, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berna Özbek Çelık
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Istanbul, Beyazıt, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wucherpfennig L, Triphan SMF, Wege S, Kauczor HU, Heussel CP, Sommerburg O, Stahl M, Mall MA, Eichinger M, Wielpütz MO. Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor Improves Bronchial Artery Dilatation Detected by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2023; 20:1595-1604. [PMID: 37579262 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202302-168oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detects improvements in mucus plugging and bronchial wall thickening, but not in lung perfusion in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) treated with elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI). Objectives: To determine whether bronchial artery dilatation (BAD), a key feature of advanced lung disease, indicates irreversibility of perfusion abnormalities and whether BAD could be reversed in CF patients treated with ETI. Methods: A total of 59 adults with CF underwent longitudinal chest MRI, including magnetic resonance angiography twice, comprising 35 patients with CF (mean age, 31 ± 7 yr) before (MRI1) and after (MRI2) at least 1 month (mean duration, 8 ± 4 mo) on ETI therapy and 24 control patients with CF (mean age, 31 ± 7 yr) without ETI. MRI was assessed using the validated chest MRI score, and the presence and total lumen area of BAD were assessed with commercial software. Results: The MRI global score was stable in the control group from MRI1 to MRI2 (mean difference, 1.1 [-0.3, 2.4]; P = 0.054), but it was reduced in the ETI group (-10.1 [-0.3, 2.4]; P < 0.001). In the control and ETI groups, BAD was present in almost all patients at baseline (95% and 94%, respectively), which did not change at MRI2. The BAD total lumen area did not change in the control group from MRI1 to MRI2 (1.0 mm2 [-0.2, 2.2]; P = 0.099) but decreased in the ETI group (-7.0 mm2 [-8.9, -5.0]; P < 0.001). This decrease correlated with improvements in the MRI global score (r = 0.540; P < 0.001). Conclusions: Our data show that BAD may be partially reversible under ETI therapy in adult patients with CF who have established disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Wucherpfennig
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, and
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon M F Triphan
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, and
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Wege
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Cystic Fibrosis Center, Thoracic Clinic, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Kauczor
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, and
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claus P Heussel
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, and
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olaf Sommerburg
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Translational Pulmonology and
| | - Mirjam Stahl
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Translational Pulmonology and
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Berlin, Germany; and
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Translational Pulmonology and
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Berlin, Germany; and
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Eichinger
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, and
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark O Wielpütz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, and
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Olshvang E, Fritsch S, Scholtyssek OC, Schalk IJ, Metzler-Nolte N. Vectorization via Siderophores Increases Antibacterial Activity of K(RW) 3 Peptides against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300364. [PMID: 37541431 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of new conjugates comprised from a small synthetic antimicrobial peptide (AMP) and a siderophore-type vector component was designed and tested for activity on P. aeruginosa PAO1 and several genetically modified strains. As AMP, the well-established arginine-tryptophane combination K(RW)3 (P1) was chosen with an added lysine for siderophore attachment. This peptide is easy to prepare, modify, and possesses good anti-bacterial activity. On the vector part, we examined several moieties: (i) the natural siderophore deferoxamine (DFO); (ii) bidentate iron chelators based on the hydroxamate building block (4 a-c) ; (iii) the non-siderophore chelators deferasirox (DFX) and deferiprone-carboxylate (DFP-COOH). All conjugates were prepared by solid phase synthesis techniques and fully characterized by HPLC and mass spectrometry (including HR-MS). 55 Fe uptake assays indicate a receptor-mediated uptake for 4 a-c, DFP-COOH and DFO, which is dependent on the outer membrane transporter FoxA in the case of DFO. All conjugates showed increased antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa compared to the parent peptide P1 alone when investigated in iron-depleted medium. MIC values were as low as 2 μM (for P1-DFP) on wild type P. aeruginosa. The activity of P1-DFO and P1-DFP was even better on genetically mutated strains unable to produce siderophores (down to 0.5 μM). Although the DFX vector on its own was not able to transport iron inside the bacterial cell as shown by 55 Fe uptake studies, the P1-DFX conjugate had excellent antibacterial activity compared to P1 (2 μM, and as low as 0.25 μM on a receptor-deficient strain unable to produce siderophores), suggesting that the conjugates were indeed recognized and internalized by an (unknown) transporter. Control experiments with an equimolar mixture of P1 and DFX confirm that the observed activity is intrinsic to vectorization. This work thus demonstrates the power of linking small AMPs covalently to siderophores for a new class of Trojan Horse antibiotics, with P1-DFP and P1-DFX being the most potent conjugates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Olshvang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Inorganic Chemistry I - Bioinorganic Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sarah Fritsch
- UMR7242, ESBS, University of Strasbourg, 67413, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
- UMR7242, ESBS, CNRS, 67413, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Oliver C Scholtyssek
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Inorganic Chemistry I - Bioinorganic Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Isabelle J Schalk
- UMR7242, ESBS, University of Strasbourg, 67413, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
- UMR7242, ESBS, CNRS, 67413, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Inorganic Chemistry I - Bioinorganic Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Haerinck J, Goossens S, Berx G. The epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity landscape: principles of design and mechanisms of regulation. Nat Rev Genet 2023; 24:590-609. [PMID: 37169858 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-023-00601-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) enables cells to interconvert between several states across the epithelial-mesenchymal landscape, thereby acquiring hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotypic features. This plasticity is crucial for embryonic development and wound healing, but also underlies the acquisition of several malignant traits during cancer progression. Recent research using systems biology and single-cell profiling methods has provided novel insights into the main forces that shape EMP, which include the microenvironment, lineage specification and cell identity, and the genome. Additionally, key roles have emerged for hysteresis (cell memory) and cellular noise, which can drive stochastic transitions between cell states. Here, we review these forces and the distinct but interwoven layers of regulatory control that stabilize EMP states or facilitate epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) and discuss the therapeutic potential of manipulating the EMP landscape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jef Haerinck
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Goossens
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Translational Research in Oncology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Berx
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Blutt SE, Coarfa C, Neu J, Pammi M. Multiomic Investigations into Lung Health and Disease. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2116. [PMID: 37630676 PMCID: PMC10459661 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases of the lung account for more than 5 million deaths worldwide and are a healthcare burden. Improving clinical outcomes, including mortality and quality of life, involves a holistic understanding of the disease, which can be provided by the integration of lung multi-omics data. An enhanced understanding of comprehensive multiomic datasets provides opportunities to leverage those datasets to inform the treatment and prevention of lung diseases by classifying severity, prognostication, and discovery of biomarkers. The main objective of this review is to summarize the use of multiomics investigations in lung disease, including multiomics integration and the use of machine learning computational methods. This review also discusses lung disease models, including animal models, organoids, and single-cell lines, to study multiomics in lung health and disease. We provide examples of lung diseases where multi-omics investigations have provided deeper insight into etiopathogenesis and have resulted in improved preventative and therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Blutt
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Josef Neu
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Mohan Pammi
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kramer EL, Hudock KM, Davidson CR, Clancy JP. CFTR dysfunction in smooth muscle drives TGFβ dependent airway hyperreactivity. Respir Res 2023; 24:198. [PMID: 37568151 PMCID: PMC10416378 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02495-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary underlying defect in cystic fibrosis (CF) is disrupted ion transport in epithelia throughout the body. It is unclear if symptoms such as airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) volume in people with CF are due to inherent abnormalities in smooth muscle or are secondary to epithelial dysfunction. Transforming Growth Factor beta 1 (TGFβ) is an established genetic modifier of CF lung disease and a known driver of abnormal ASM function. Prior studies have demonstrated that CF mice develop greater AHR, goblet cell hyperplasia, and ASM hypertrophy after pulmonary TGFβ exposure. However, the mechanism driving these abnormalities in CF lung disease, specifically the contribution of CFTR loss in ASM, was unknown. METHODS In this study, mice with smooth muscle-specific loss of CFTR function (Cftrfl/fl; SM-Cre mice) were exposed to pulmonary TGFβ. The impact on lung pathology and physiology was investigated through examination of lung mechanics, Western blot analysis, and pulmonary histology. RESULTS Cftrfl/fl; SM-Cre mice treated with TGFβ demonstrated greater methacholine-induced AHR than control mice. However, Cftrfl/fl; SM-Cre mice did not develop increased inflammation, ASM area, or goblet cell hyperplasia relative to controls following TGFβ exposure. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a direct smooth muscle contribution to CF airway obstruction mediated by TGFβ. Dysfunction in non-epithelial tissues should be considered in the development of CF therapeutics, including potential genetic therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Kramer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Kristin M Hudock
- Division of Adult Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Cynthia R Davidson
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ali A, Zahra A, Kamthan M, Husain FM, Albalawi T, Zubair M, Alatawy R, Abid M, Noorani MS. Microbial Biofilms: Applications, Clinical Consequences, and Alternative Therapies. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1934. [PMID: 37630494 PMCID: PMC10459820 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms that grow on surfaces and are embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. These are prevalent in various natural and man-made environments, ranging from industrial settings to medical devices, where they can have both positive and negative impacts. This review explores the diverse applications of microbial biofilms, their clinical consequences, and alternative therapies targeting these resilient structures. We have discussed beneficial applications of microbial biofilms, including their role in wastewater treatment, bioremediation, food industries, agriculture, and biotechnology. Additionally, we have highlighted the mechanisms of biofilm formation and clinical consequences of biofilms in the context of human health. We have also focused on the association of biofilms with antibiotic resistance, chronic infections, and medical device-related infections. To overcome these challenges, alternative therapeutic strategies are explored. The review examines the potential of various antimicrobial agents, such as antimicrobial peptides, quorum-sensing inhibitors, phytoextracts, and nanoparticles, in targeting biofilms. Furthermore, we highlight the future directions for research in this area and the potential of phytotherapy for the prevention and treatment of biofilm-related infections in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Ali
- Clinical Biochemistry Lab, D/O Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Lifesciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Andaleeb Zahra
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Lifesciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Mohan Kamthan
- Clinical Biochemistry Lab, D/O Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Lifesciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Thamer Albalawi
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Zubair
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (M.Z.); (R.A.)
| | - Roba Alatawy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (M.Z.); (R.A.)
| | - Mohammad Abid
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India;
| | - Md Salik Noorani
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Lifesciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Karampatakis T, Tsergouli K, Roilides E. Infection control measures against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in children and neonates. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:751-765. [PMID: 37584552 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units over recent years is alarming. MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii have constituted the main causes of the MDR Gram-negative bacteria problem. The implementation of infection control measures such as hand hygiene, cohorting of patients, contact precautions, active surveillance and environmental cleaning could diminish their spread. Recently, water safety has been identified as a major component of infection control policies. The aim of the current review is to highlight the effectiveness of these infection control measures in managing outbreaks caused by MDR Gram-negative bacteria in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units and highlight future perspectives on the topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katerina Tsergouli
- Microbiology Department, Agios Pavlos General Hospital, Thessaloniki, 551 34, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Roilides
- Infectious Disease Unit, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, School of Health Sciences, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, 546 42, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Craddock VD, Steere EL, Harman H, Britt NS. Activity of Delafloxacin and Comparator Fluoroquinolones against Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an In Vitro Cystic Fibrosis Sputum Model. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1078. [PMID: 37370396 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Delafloxacin (DLX) is a recently approved fluoroquinolone with broad activity against common cystic fibrosis (CF) pathogens, including multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR-Psa). Delafloxacin has been previously shown to have excellent lung and biofilm penetration and enhanced activity at lower pH environments, such as those that would be observed in the CF lung. We analyzed six Psa strains isolated from CF sputum and compared DLX to ciprofloxacin (CPX) and levofloxacin (LVX). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for DLX using standard culture media (pH 7.3) and artificial sputum media (ASM), a physiologic media recapitulating the CF lung microenvironment (pH 6.9). Delafloxacin activity was further compared to CPX and LVX in an in vitro CF sputum time-kill model at physiologically relevant drug concentrations (Cmax, Cmed, Cmin). Delafloxacin exhibited 2- to 4-fold MIC reductions in ASM, which corresponded with significant improvements in bacterial killing in the CF sputum time-kill model between DLX and LVX at Cmed (p = 0.033) and Cmin (p = 0.004). Compared to CPX, DLX demonstrated significantly greater killing at Cmin (p = 0.024). Overall, DLX demonstrated favorable in vitro activity compared to alternative fluoroquinolones against MDR-Psa. Delafloxacin may be considered as an option against MDR-Psa pulmonary infections in CF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaughn D Craddock
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Kansas School of Pharmacy, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Evan L Steere
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Hannah Harman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Kansas School of Pharmacy, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Nicholas S Britt
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Kansas School of Pharmacy, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Millette G, Séguin DL, Isabelle C, Chamberland S, Lucier JF, Rodrigue S, Cantin AM, Malouin F. Staphylococcus aureus Small-Colony Variants from Airways of Adult Cystic Fibrosis Patients as Precursors of Adaptive Antibiotic-Resistant Mutations. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1069. [PMID: 37370388 PMCID: PMC10294822 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prototypic Staphylococcus aureus and their small-colony variants (SCVs) are predominant in cystic fibrosis (CF), but the interdependence of these phenotypes is poorly understood. We characterized S. aureus isolates from adult CF patients over several years. Of 18 S. aureus-positive patients (58%), 13 (72%) were positive for SCVs. Characterization included genotyping, SCCmec types, auxotrophy, biofilm production, antibiotic susceptibilities and tolerance, and resistance acquisition rates. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that several patients were colonized with prototypical and SCV-related clones. Some clonal pairs showed acquisition of aminoglycoside resistance that was not explained by aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, suggesting a mutation-based process. The characteristics of SCVs that could play a role in resistance acquisition were thus investigated further. For instance, SCV isolates produced more biofilm (p < 0.05) and showed a higher survival rate upon exposure to ciprofloxacin and vancomycin compared to their prototypic associated clones. SCVs also developed spontaneous rifampicin resistance mutations at a higher frequency. Accordingly, a laboratory-derived SCV (ΔhemB) acquired resistance to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin faster than its parent counterpart after serial passages in the presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics. These results suggest a role for SCVs in the establishment of persistent antibiotic-resistant clones in adult CF patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Millette
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (G.M.); (D.L.S.); (C.I.); (S.C.); (J.-F.L.); (S.R.)
| | - David Lalonde Séguin
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (G.M.); (D.L.S.); (C.I.); (S.C.); (J.-F.L.); (S.R.)
| | - Charles Isabelle
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (G.M.); (D.L.S.); (C.I.); (S.C.); (J.-F.L.); (S.R.)
| | - Suzanne Chamberland
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (G.M.); (D.L.S.); (C.I.); (S.C.); (J.-F.L.); (S.R.)
| | - Jean-François Lucier
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (G.M.); (D.L.S.); (C.I.); (S.C.); (J.-F.L.); (S.R.)
| | - Sébastien Rodrigue
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (G.M.); (D.L.S.); (C.I.); (S.C.); (J.-F.L.); (S.R.)
| | - André M. Cantin
- Service de Pneumologie, Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
| | - François Malouin
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (G.M.); (D.L.S.); (C.I.); (S.C.); (J.-F.L.); (S.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wellins T, Litvak Y. Taking the pulse: Bacterial responses to intermittent antibiotics. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:923-924. [PMID: 37321177 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial species respond differently to consecutive antibiotic exposures with potential consequences on the host microbiome. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Münch et al. investigate the effects of intermittent antibiotic treatments on specific bacteria using a consortium of microbes comprising a functional intestinal microbiota in germ-free mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Wellins
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Yael Litvak
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chung J, Eisha S, Park S, Morris AJ, Martin I. How Three Self-Secreted Biofilm Exopolysaccharides of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Psl, Pel, and Alginate, Can Each Be Exploited for Antibiotic Adjuvant Effects in Cystic Fibrosis Lung Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108709. [PMID: 37240055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In cystic fibrosis (CF), pulmonary infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a cause of increased morbidity and mortality, especially in patients for whom infection becomes chronic and there is reliance on long-term suppressive therapies. Current antimicrobials, though varied mechanistically and by mode of delivery, are inadequate not only due to their failure to eradicate infection but also because they do not halt the progression of lung function decline over time. One of the reasons for this failure is thought to be the biofilm mode of growth of P. aeruginosa, wherein self-secreted exopolysaccharides (EPSs) provide physical protection against antibiotics and an array of niches with resulting metabolic and phenotypic heterogeneity. The three biofilm-associated EPSs secreted by P. aeruginosa (alginate, Psl, and Pel) are each under investigation and are being exploited in ways that potentiate antibiotics. In this review, we describe the development and structure of P. aeruginosa biofilms before examining each EPS as a potential therapeutic target for combating pulmonary infection with P. aeruginosa in CF, with a particular focus on the current evidence for these emerging therapies and barriers to bringing these therapies into clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Chung
- Department of Translational Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Shafinaz Eisha
- Department of Translational Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Subin Park
- Department of Translational Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Amanda J Morris
- Department of Translational Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Isaac Martin
- Department of Translational Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Di Mambro T, Pellielo G, Agyapong ED, Carinci M, Chianese D, Giorgi C, Morciano G, Patergnani S, Pinton P, Rimessi A. The Tricky Connection between Extracellular Vesicles and Mitochondria in Inflammatory-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098181. [PMID: 37175888 PMCID: PMC10179665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles present in almost all eukaryotic cells, where they represent the main site of energy production. Mitochondria are involved in several important cell processes, such as calcium homeostasis, OXPHOS, autophagy, and apoptosis. Moreover, they play a pivotal role also in inflammation through the inter-organelle and inter-cellular communications, mediated by the release of mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs). It is currently well-documented that in addition to traditional endocrine and paracrine communication, the cells converse via extracellular vesicles (EVs). These small membrane-bound particles are released from cells in the extracellular milieu under physio-pathological conditions. Importantly, EVs have gained much attention for their crucial role in inter-cellular communication, translating inflammatory signals into recipient cells. EVs cargo includes plasma membrane and endosomal proteins, but EVs also contain material from other cellular compartments, including mitochondria. Studies have shown that EVs may transport mitochondrial portions, proteins, and/or mtDAMPs to modulate the metabolic and inflammatory responses of recipient cells. Overall, the relationship between EVs and mitochondria in inflammation is an active area of research, although further studies are needed to fully understand the mechanisms involved and how they may be targeted for therapeutic purposes. Here, we have reported and discussed the latest studies focused on this fascinating and recent area of research, discussing of tricky connection between mitochondria and EVs in inflammatory-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Di Mambro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia Pellielo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Esther Densu Agyapong
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marianna Carinci
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Diego Chianese
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Morciano
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center of Research for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center of Research for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Thornton CS, Parkins MD. Microbial Epidemiology of the Cystic Fibrosis Airways: Past, Present, and Future. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 44:269-286. [PMID: 36623820 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Progressive obstructive lung disease secondary to chronic airway infection, coupled with impaired host immunity, is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF). Classical pathogens found in the airways of persons with CF (pwCF) include Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, the Burkholderia cepacia complex, Achromobacter species, and Haemophilus influenzae. While traditional respiratory-tract surveillance culturing has focused on this limited range of pathogens, the use of both comprehensive culture and culture-independent molecular approaches have demonstrated complex highly personalized microbial communities. Loss of bacterial community diversity and richness, counteracted with relative increases in dominant taxa by traditional CF pathogens such as Burkholderia or Pseudomonas, have long been considered the hallmark of disease progression. Acquisition of these classic pathogens is viewed as a harbinger of advanced disease and postulated to be driven in part by recurrent and frequent antibiotic exposure driven by frequent acute pulmonary exacerbations. Recently, CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators, small molecules designed to potentiate or restore diminished protein levels/function, have been successfully developed and have profoundly influenced disease course. Despite the multitude of clinical benefits, structural lung damage and consequent chronic airway infection persist in pwCF. In this article, we review the microbial epidemiology of pwCF, focus on our evolving understanding of these infections in the era of modulators, and identify future challenges in infection surveillance and clinical management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina S Thornton
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael D Parkins
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Papp D, Elders B, Wielopolski PA, Kotek G, Vogel M, Tiddens HAWM, Ciet P, Hernandez-Tamames JA. Lung parenchyma and structure visualisation in paediatric chest MRI: a comparison of different short and ultra-short echo time protocols. Clin Radiol 2023; 78:e319-e327. [PMID: 36746723 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2022.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate image quality acquired at lung imaging using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences using short and ultra-short (UTE) echo times (TEs) with different acquisition strategies (breath-hold, prospective, and retrospective gating) in paediatric patients and in healthy volunteers. MATERIALS AND METHODS End-inspiratory and end-expiratory three-dimensional (3D) spoiled gradient (SPGR3D) and 3D zero echo-time (ZTE3D), and 3D UTE free-breathing (UTE3D), prospective projection navigated radial ZTE3D (ZTE3D vnav), and four-dimensional ZTE (ZTE4D) were performed using a 1.5 T MRI system. For quantitative assessment, the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values were calculated. To evaluate image quality, qualitative scoring was undertaken on all sequences to evaluate depiction of intrapulmonary vessels, fissures, bronchi, imaging noise, artefacts, and overall acceptability. RESULTS Eight cystic fibrosis (CF) patients (median age 14 years, range 13-17 years), seven children with history of prematurity with or without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD; median 10 years, range 10-11 years), and 10 healthy volunteers (median 32 years, range 20-52 years) were included in the study. ZTE3D vnav provided the most reliable output in terms of image quality, although scan time was highly dependent on navigator triggering efficiency and respiratory pattern. CONCLUSIONS Best image quality was achieved with prospective ZTE3D and UTE3D readouts both in children and volunteers. The current implementation of retrospective ZTE3D readout (ZTE4D) did not provide diagnostic image quality but rather introduced artefacts over the entire imaging volume mimicking lung pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Papp
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - B Elders
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Paediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P A Wielopolski
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - G Kotek
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Vogel
- General Electric Healthcare, Waukesha, WI, USA
| | - H A W M Tiddens
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Paediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P Ciet
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Paediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J A Hernandez-Tamames
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Beck MR, Hornick DB, Pena TA, Singh SB, Wright BA. Impact of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor on bacterial cultures from people with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2023; 58:1569-1573. [PMID: 36807558 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators have shown beneficial effects on both forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 ) and frequency of pulmonary exacerbations in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). These positive outcomes may be related to changes in bacterial colonization within the lungs. Elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ELX/TEZ/IVA) is the first triple therapy CFTR modulator approved for use in people with CF 6 years and older. This study aimed to determine the impact of ELX/TEZ/IVA on the isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa), methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA and MSSA, respectively) in respiratory cultures. METHODS A retrospective chart review of the electronic medical record at the University of Iowa was completed for individuals 12 years and older taking ELX/TEZ/IVA for at least 12 months. The primary outcome was determined by assessing bacterial cultures pre- and postinitiation of ELX/TEZ/IVA. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were summarized using mean and standard deviation for continuous outcomes and count and percentage for categorical outcomes. Culture positivity for Pa, MSSA, and MRSA was compared among enrolled subjects between pre- and posttriple combination therapy periods using an exact McNemar's test. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-four subjects prescribed ELX/TEZ/IVA for at least 12 months met the requirements for inclusion within our analysis. Culture positivity for Pa, MSSA, and MRSA was approximately 54%, 33%, and 31%, respectively, for the pre-ELX/TEZ/IVA period. Prevalence decreased to approximately 30%, 32%, and 24% (-24.2% [p < 0.0001], -0.7% [p = 1.00], and -6.5% [p = 0.0963], respectively) post-ELX/TEZ/IVA. The source of bacterial culture was predominantly sputum (70.2%) in the pre-ELX/TEZ/IVA group, whereas a throat source (66.1%) was more common post-ELX/TEZ/IVA. CONCLUSIONS ELX/TEZ/IVA treatment has an appreciable impact on the detection of common bacterial pathogens in CF respiratory cultures. While previous studies have found a similar effect with single and double CFTR modulator therapies, this is the first single-center study to show the impact of triple therapy, ELX/TEZ/IVA, on bacterial isolation from airway secretions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Beck
- University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Tahuanty A Pena
- University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mutual Effects of Single and Combined CFTR Modulators and Bacterial Infection in Cystic Fibrosis. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0408322. [PMID: 36625583 PMCID: PMC9927584 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04083-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators improve clinical outcomes with varied efficacies in patients with CF. However, the mutual effects of CFTR modulators and bacterial adaptation, together with antibiotic regimens, can influence clinical outcomes. We evaluated the effects of ivacaftor (IVA), lumacaftor (LUM), tezacaftor, elexacaftor, and a three-modulator combination of elexacaftor, tezacaftor, and ivacaftor (ETI), alone or combined with antibiotics, on sequential CF isolates. IVA and ETI showed direct antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus but not against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Additive effects or synergies were observed between the CFTR modulators and antibiotics against both species, independently of adaptation to the CF lung. IVA and LUM were the most effective in potentiating antibiotic activity against S. aureus, while IVA and ETI enhanced mainly polymyxin activity against P. aeruginosa. Next, we evaluated the effect of P. aeruginosa pneumonia on the pharmacokinetics of IVA in mice. IVA and its metabolites in plasma, lung, and epithelial lining fluid were increased by P. aeruginosa infection. Thus, CFTR modulators can have direct antimicrobial properties and/or enhance antibiotic activity against initial and adapted S. aureus and P. aeruginosa isolates. Furthermore, bacterial infection impacts airway exposure to IVA, potentially affecting its efficacy. Our findings suggest optimizing host- and pathogen-directed therapies to improve efficacy for personalized treatment. IMPORTANCE CFTR modulators have been developed to correct and/or enhance CFTR activity in patients with specific cystic fibrosis (CF) genotypes. However, it is of great importance to identify potential off-targets of these novel therapies to understand how they affect lung physiology in CF. Since bacterial infections are one of the hallmarks of CF lung disease, the effects (if any) of CFTR modulators on bacteria could impact their efficacy. This work highlights a mutual interaction between CFTR modulators and opportunistic bacterial infections; in particular, it shows that (i) CFTR modulators have an antibacterial activity per se and influence antibiotic efficacy, and (ii) bacterial airway infections affect levels of CFTR modulators in the airways. These findings may help optimize host- and pathogen-directed drug regimens to improve the efficacy of personalized treatment.
Collapse
|
30
|
O’Connor JB, Wagner BD, Harris JK, Frank DN, Clabots DE, Laguna TA. Detection and identification of fungi in the lower airway of children with and without cystic fibrosis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1119703. [PMID: 36846802 PMCID: PMC9948248 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1119703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Airway infection and inflammation lead to the progression of obstructive lung disease in persons with cystic fibrosis (PWCF). However, cystic fibrosis (CF) fungal communities, known drivers of CF pathophysiology, remain poorly understood due to the shortcomings of traditional fungal culture. Our objective was to apply a novel small subunit rRNA gene (SSU-rRNA) sequencing approach to characterize the lower airway mycobiome in children with and without CF. Methods Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples and relevant clinical data were collected from pediatric PWCF and disease control (DC) subjects. Total fungal load (TFL) was measured using quantitative PCR, and SSU-rRNA sequencing was used for mycobiome characterization. Results were compared across groups, and Morisita-Horn clustering was performed. Results 161 (84%) of the BALF samples collected had sufficient load for SSU-rRNA sequencing, with amplification being more common in PWCF. BALF from PWCF had increased TFL and increased neutrophilic inflammation compared to DC subjects. PWCF exhibited increased abundance of Aspergillus and Candida, while Malassezia, Cladosporium, and Pleosporales were prevalent in both groups. CF and DC samples showed no clear differences in clustering when compared to each other or to negative controls. SSU-rRNA sequencing was used to profile the mycobiome in pediatric PWCF and DC subjects. Notable differences were observed between the groups, including the abundance of Aspergillus and Candida. Discussion Fungal DNA detected in the airway could represent a combination of pathogenic fungi and environmental exposure (e.g., dust) to fungus indicative of a common background signature. Next steps will require comparisons to airway bacterial communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John B. O’Connor
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States,*Correspondence: John B. O’Connor, ✉
| | - Brandie D. Wagner
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States,Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - J. Kirk Harris
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Daniel N. Frank
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Diana E. Clabots
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, Palmetto General Hospital, Hialeah, FL, United States
| | - Theresa A. Laguna
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States,Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Scott P, Wang S, Onyeaghala G, Pankratz N, Starr T, Prizment AE. Lower Expression of CFTR Is Associated with Higher Mortality in a Meta-Analysis of Individuals with Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:989. [PMID: 36765944 PMCID: PMC9913301 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), caused by biallelic germline mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), have higher risk and earlier onset of colorectal cancer (CRC). A subset of CRC patients in the non-CF population expresses low levels of tumoral CFTR mRNA which may also cause decreased CFTR activity. To determine the consequences of reduced CFTR expression in this population, we investigated association of tumoral CFTR expression with overall and disease-specific mortality in CRC patients. CFTR mRNA expression, clinical factors and survival data from 1177 CRC patients reported in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus studies GSE39582 and GSE17538 were included. Log-transformed and z-normalized [mean = 0, standard deviation (SD) = 1] CFTR expression values were modeled as quartiles or dichotomized at the median. Univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for overall and disease-specific mortality in individual studies and meta-analyses. Analyses of each of the three individual datasets showed a robust association of decreased CFTR expression with increased mortality. In meta-analyses adjusted for stage at diagnosis, age and sex, CFTR expression was inversely associated with risk of overall death [pooled HR (95% CI): 0.70 (0.57-0.86)] and disease-specific death [pooled HR (95% CI): 0.68 (0.47-0.99)]. Associations did not differ by stage at diagnosis, age, or sex. Meta-analysis of overall death stratified by microsatellite instable (MSI) versus microsatellite stable (MSS) status indicated potential interaction between MSI/MSS status and CFTR expression, (p-interaction: 0.06). The findings from these three datasets support the hypothesis that low CFTR expression is associated with increased CRC mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Scott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Shuo Wang
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Guillaume Onyeaghala
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Timothy Starr
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Anna E. Prizment
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gileles-Hillel A, Yochi Harpaz L, Breuer O, Reiter J, Tsabari R, Kerem E, Cohen-Cymberknoh M, Stafler P, Mei-Zahav M, Toukan Y, Bentur L, Shoseyov D. The clinical yield of bronchoscopy in the management of cystic fibrosis: A retrospective multicenter study. Pediatr Pulmonol 2023; 58:500-506. [PMID: 36314650 PMCID: PMC10100270 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). Several studies have shown no benefit for bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) over sputum to obtain microbiological cultures, hence the role of bronchoscopy in pwCF is unclear. AIM To analyze how bronchoscopy results affected clinical decision-making in pwCF and assess safety. METHODS A retrospective analysis of all charts of pwCF from three CF centers in Israel, between the years 2008 and 2019. We collected BAL culture results as well as sputum cultures obtained within 1 month of the BAL sample. A meaningful yield was defined as a decision to start antibiotics, change the antibiotic regimen, hospitalize the patient for treatment, or the resolution of the problem that led to bronchoscopy (e.g., atelectasis or hemoptysis). RESULTS During the study years, of the 428 consecutive patient charts screened, 72 patients had 154 bronchoscopies (2.14 bronchoscopies/patient). Forty-five percent of the bronchoscopies had a meaningful clinical yield. The finding of copious sputum on bronchoscopy was strongly associated with a change in treatment (OR: 5.25, 95%CI: 2.1-13.07, p < 0.001). BAL culture results were strongly associated with a meaningful yield, specifically isolation of Aspergillus spp. (p = 0.003), Haemophilus influenza (p = 0.001). Eight minor adverse events following bronchoscopy were recorded. CONCLUSIONS In this multicenter retrospective analysis of bronchoscopy procedures from three CF centers, we have shown that a significant proportion of bronchoscopies led to a change in treatment, with no serious adverse events. Our findings suggest that bronchoscopy is a safe procedure that may assist in guiding treatment in some pwCF. Future studies should evaluate whether BAL-guided decision-making may also lead to a change in clinical outcomes in pwCF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Gileles-Hillel
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Wohl Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Oded Breuer
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joel Reiter
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reuven Tsabari
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eitan Kerem
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Malena Cohen-Cymberknoh
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Patrick Stafler
- Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel and Sackler, Pulmonary Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Meir Mei-Zahav
- Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel and Sackler, Pulmonary Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Yazeed Toukan
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lea Bentur
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - David Shoseyov
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Perikleous EP, Gkentzi D, Bertzouanis A, Paraskakis E, Sovtic A, Fouzas S. Antibiotic Resistance in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis: Past, Present, and Future. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020217. [PMID: 36830128 PMCID: PMC9951886 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are repeatedly exposed to antibiotics, especially during the pulmonary exacerbations of the disease. However, the available therapeutic strategies are frequently inadequate to eradicate the involved pathogens and most importantly, facilitate the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The evaluation of AMR is demanding; conventional culture-based susceptibility-testing techniques cannot account for the lung microenvironment and/or the adaptive mechanisms developed by the pathogens, such as biofilm formation. Moreover, features linked to modified pharmaco-kinetics and pulmonary parenchyma penetration make the dosing of antibiotics even more challenging. In this review, we present the existing knowledge regarding AMR in CF, we shortly review the existing therapeutic strategies, and we discuss the future directions of antimicrobial stewardship. Due to the increasing difficulty in eradicating strains that develop AMR, the appropriate management should rely on targeting the underlying resistance mechanisms; thus, the interest in novel, molecular-based diagnostic tools, such as metagenomic sequencing and next-generation transcriptomics, has increased exponentially. Moreover, since the development of new antibiotics has a slow pace, the design of effective treatment strategies to eradicate persistent infections represents an urgency that requires consorted work. In this regard, both the management and monitoring of antibiotics usage are obligatory and more relevant than ever.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Despoina Gkentzi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Patras Medical School, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Aris Bertzouanis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Patras Medical School, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Pediatric Respiratory Unit, University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Paraskakis
- Pediatric Respiratory Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aleksandar Sovtic
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Pulmonology, Mother and Child Health Institute of Serbia, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sotirios Fouzas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Patras Medical School, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Pediatric Respiratory Unit, University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2610-999980
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Behroozian S, Zlosnik JEA, Xu W, Li LY, Davies JE. Antibacterial Activity of a Natural Clay Mineral against Burkholderia cepacia Complex and Other Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from People with Cystic Fibrosis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010150. [PMID: 36677442 PMCID: PMC9862493 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an impending crisis in healthcare brought about by a new era of untreatable infections caused by bacteria resistant to all available antibiotics. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify novel antimicrobial agents to counter the continuing threat posed by formerly treatable infections. We previously reported that a natural mineral clay known as Kisameet clay (KC) is a potent inhibitor of the organisms responsible for acute infections. Chronic bacterial infections present another major challenge to treatment by antimicrobials, due to their prolonged nature, which results in repeated exposure to antibiotics and a constant selection for antimicrobial resistance. A prime example is bacteria belonging to the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), which particularly causes some of the most serious chronic lung infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) associated with unpredictable clinical outcomes, poor prognosis, and high mortality rates. Eradication of these organisms from CF patients with limited effective antimicrobial options is a major challenge. Novel therapeutic approaches are urgently required. Here, we report the in vitro antibacterial activity of KC aqueous suspensions (1-10% w/v) and its aqueous extract (L100) against a collection of extensively and multi-drug resistant clinical isolates of Bcc, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated from patients with CF. These findings present a potential novel therapy for further investigation in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shekooh Behroozian
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 E Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (J.E.D.)
| | - James E. A. Zlosnik
- Centre for Understanding and Preventing Infection in Children, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Wanjing Xu
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, 6250 Applied Science Ln, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Loretta Y. Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, 6250 Applied Science Ln, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Julian E. Davies
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (J.E.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kim YK, Jung YS, Song J. Transcriptome Profile in the Mouse Brain of Hepatic Encephalopathy and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010675. [PMID: 36614117 PMCID: PMC9821016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a chronic metabolic disease accompanied by neuropathological and neuropsychiatric features, including memory deficits, psychomotor dysfunction, depression, and anxiety. Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disease, is characterized by tau hyperphosphorylation, excessive amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation, the formation of fibrillary tangles, hippocampus atrophy, and neuroinflammation. Recent studies have suggested a positive correlation between HE and AD. Some studies reported that an impaired cholesterol pathway, abnormal bile acid secretion, excessive ammonia level, impaired Aβ clearance, astrocytic dysfunction, and abnormal γ-aminobutyric acid GABAergic neuronal signaling in HE may also be involved in AD pathology. However, the mechanisms and related genes involved in AD-like pathology in the HE brain are unclear. Thus, we compared the cortical transcriptome profile between an HE mouse model, bile duct ligation (BDL), and an AD mouse model, the 5×FAD. Our study showed that the expression of many genes implicated in HE is associated with neuronal dysfunction in AD mice. We found changes in various protein-coding RNAs, implicated in synapses, neurogenesis, neuron projection, neuron differentiation, and neurite outgrowth, and non-coding RNAs possibly associated with neuropathology. Our data provide an important resource for further studies to elucidate AD-like pathophysiology in HE patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Kook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Jung
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-61-379-2706; Fax: +82-61-375-5834
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Extracellular Vesicles' Role in the Pathophysiology and as Biomarkers in Cystic Fibrosis and COPD. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010228. [PMID: 36613669 PMCID: PMC9820204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In keeping with the extraordinary interest and advancement of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in pathogenesis and diagnosis fields, we herein present an update to the knowledge about their role in cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although CF and COPD stem from a different origin, one genetic and the other acquired, they share a similar pathophysiology, being the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein implied in both disorders. Various subsets of EVs, comprised mainly of microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes (EXOs), are secreted by various cell types that are either resident or attracted in the airways during the onset and progression of CF and COPD lung disease, representing a vehicle for metabolites, proteins and RNAs (especially microRNAs), that in turn lead to events as such neutrophil influx, the overwhelming of proteases (elastase, metalloproteases), oxidative stress, myofibroblast activation and collagen deposition. Eventually, all of these pathomechanisms lead to chronic inflammation, mucus overproduction, remodeling of the airways, and fibrosis, thus operating a complex interplay among cells and tissues. The detection of MVs and EXOs in blood and biological fluids coming from the airways (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and sputum) allows the consideration of EVs and their cargoes as promising biomarkers for CF and COPD, although clinical expectations have yet to be fulfilled.
Collapse
|
37
|
Shrestha J, Razavi Bazaz S, Ding L, Vasilescu S, Idrees S, Söderström B, Hansbro PM, Ghadiri M, Ebrahimi Warkiani M. Rapid separation of bacteria from primary nasal samples using inertial microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 23:146-156. [PMID: 36484411 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00794k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microbial populations play a crucial role in human health and the development of many diseases. These diseases often arise from the explosive proliferation of opportunistic bacteria, such as those in the nasal cavity. Recently, there have been increases in the prevalence of these opportunistic pathogens displaying antibiotic resistance. Thus, the study of the nasal microbiota and its bacterial diversity is critical in understanding pathogenesis and developing microbial-based therapies for well-known and emerging diseases. However, the isolation and analysis of these populations for clinical study complicates the already challenging task of identifying and profiling potentially harmful bacteria. Existing methods are limited by low sample throughput, expensive labeling, and low recovery of bacteria with ineffective removal of cells and debris. In this study, we propose a novel microfluidic channel with a zigzag configuration for enhanced isolation and detection of bacteria from human clinical nasal swabs. This microfluidic zigzag channel separates the bacteria from epithelial cells and debris by size differential focusing. As such, pure bacterial cell fractions devoid of large contaminating debris or epithelial cells are obtained. DNA sequencing performed on the separated bacteria defines the diversity and species present. This novel method of bacterial separation is simple, robust, rapid, and cost-effective and has the potential to be used for the rapid identification of bacterial cell populations from clinical samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Shrestha
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia.
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Respiratory Technology Group, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2037, Australia
| | - Sajad Razavi Bazaz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia.
| | - Lin Ding
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia.
| | - Steven Vasilescu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia.
| | - Sobia Idrees
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Bill Söderström
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Maliheh Ghadiri
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia.
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Respiratory Technology Group, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2037, Australia
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia.
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sarkar PK, Akand N, Tahura S, Kamruzzaman M, Akter J, Zaman KA, Farhana T, Rima SS, Alam MJ, Hassan MK, Fardous J. Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of children with cystic fibrosis in Bangladesh: a lesson from a specialized Sishu (Children) Hospital. EGYPTIAN PEDIATRIC ASSOCIATION GAZETTE 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43054-022-00127-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Infection control in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients plays a crucial role in improving the survival of patients with CF. Antimicrobial sensitivity patterns in these patient groups in our country are currently lacking. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the microbiological cultures and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of pediatric CF patients.
Method
A total of 50 respiratory samples were prospectively collected from the period between February 2021 and October 2021. Sputum and oropharyngeal swabs were processed for culture and microbiological testing. Sample collection and evaluation were performed according to the Good Laboratory Practice guidelines (GLP). Informed written consent was ensured before participation. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS v 26.
Result
The median age of the children was 30 months (6–120) months, with a male predominance (66% vs 34%). Single and two organisms were isolated in 72% (n = 36) and 12% (n = 6) of cases, respectively. During the study period, 36% of the patients harbored Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 18% harbored Klebsiella pneumoniae, and both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were detected in 16% of cases. Levofloxacin was found to be the most active antibiotic agent with 100% susceptibility. In contrast, nearly all isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, erythromycin and rifampicin.
Conclusion
Levofloxacin is the most effective agent to treat CF patients. Active surveillance of the resistance pattern should always continue to be promoted.
Collapse
|
39
|
A Fucosylated Lactose-Presenting Tetravalent Glycocluster Acting as a Mutual Ligand of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lectins A (PA-IL) and B (PA-IIL)-Synthesis and Interaction Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416194. [PMID: 36555839 PMCID: PMC9782601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic human pathogen associated with cystic fibrosis. P. aeruginosa produces two soluble lectins, the d-galactose-specific lectin PA-IL (LecA) and the l-fucose-specific lectin PA-IIL (LecB), among other virulence factors. These lectins play an important role in the adhesion to host cells and biofilm formation. Moreover, PA-IL is cytotoxic to respiratory cells in the primary culture. Therefore, these lectins are promising therapeutic targets. Specifically, carbohydrate-based compounds could inhibit their activity. In the present work, a 3-O-fucosyl lactose-containing tetravalent glycocluster was synthesized and utilized as a mutual ligand of galactophilic and fucophilic lectins. Pentaerythritol equipped with azido ethylene glycol-linkers was chosen as a multivalent scaffold and the glycocluster was constructed by coupling the scaffold with propargyl 3-O-fucosyl lactoside using an azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. The interactions between the glycocluster and PA-IL or PA-IIL were investigated by isothermal titration microcalorimetry and saturation transfer difference NMR spectroscopy. These results may assist in the development of efficient anti-adhesion therapy for the treatment of a P. aeruginosa infection.
Collapse
|
40
|
Hatziagorou E, Avramidou V, Gioulvanidou M, Talimtzi P, Kouroukli E, Mantsiou C, Lialias I, Nousia L, Tsanakas J. Pulmonary exacerbations, airway pathogens, and long-term course of lung clearance index in children and young adults with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:3069-3076. [PMID: 36059241 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary exacerbations (PEx), pathogens colonizing the respiratory tract, and patients' age are associated with progressive worsening of lung function among patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, the effect of these factors on longitudinal changes of Lung Clearance Index (LCI) remains unclear. AIM To assess the role of age, different types of bronchial infection, and PEx on LCI deterioration. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study assessing multiple-breath washout (MBW) and spirometry changes among CF patients evaluated at quarterly outpatient clinic visits over 8 years. MBW and spirometry were performed at each visit, sputum samples and/or cough swabs were obtained for culture, whereas respiratory symptoms and clinical examination findings were recorded. Patients who had ≥5 serial MBW measurements, one of which coincided with a pulmonary exacerbation, were reviewed. RESULTS Seventy-six patients were included in the study: mean age of 10.61 years (range 1.75-23.75). A total of 1152 MBW tests and 1047 spirometry tests were performed. LCI was significantly higher among CF patients aged 11-15, 16-20, and over 20 years than those under 5 years of age; ΔLCI: 1.16 (confidence interval [CI] 0.43-1.90) and 3.25 (CI 2.33-4.17), respectively. Furthermore, LCI was significantly elevated in CF patients with positive cultures for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (0.52 LCI [CI -0.12 to 0.71]) and Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia (1.41 LCI [CI 0.61-2.21]). Moreover, increased values of LCI in CF patients were significantly associated with increased risk of PEx (odds ratio [OR] 1.19, CI [1.14-1.25], p < 0.001). CONCLUSION LCI demonstrates a progression of lung disease and corresponds to changes in bacterial infections and PEx among patients with CF. LCI may be a valuable marker for tracking disease deterioration and may have a role in the routine clinical care of patients with CF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elpis Hatziagorou
- Pediatric Pulmonology and CF Unit, 3rd Pediatric Department, Hippokration Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Avramidou
- Pediatric Pulmonology and CF Unit, 3rd Pediatric Department, Hippokration Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Gioulvanidou
- Pediatric Pulmonology and CF Unit, 3rd Pediatric Department, Hippokration Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Persefoni Talimtzi
- Department of Hygiene, Social-Preventive Medicine & Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleana Kouroukli
- Pediatric Pulmonology and CF Unit, 3rd Pediatric Department, Hippokration Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Mantsiou
- Pediatric Pulmonology and CF Unit, 3rd Pediatric Department, Hippokration Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Lialias
- Pediatric Pulmonology and CF Unit, 3rd Pediatric Department, Hippokration Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lemonia Nousia
- Pediatric Pulmonology and CF Unit, 3rd Pediatric Department, Hippokration Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - John Tsanakas
- Pediatric Pulmonology and CF Unit, 3rd Pediatric Department, Hippokration Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yan P, Ke B, Fang X. Ion channels as a therapeutic target for renal fibrosis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1019028. [PMID: 36277193 PMCID: PMC9581181 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1019028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ion channel transport and electrolyte disturbances play an important role in the process of functional impairment and fibrosis in the kidney. It is well known that there are limited effective drugs for the treatment of renal fibrosis, and since a large number of ion channels are involved in the renal fibrosis process, understanding the mechanisms of ion channel transport and the complex network of signaling cascades between them is essential to identify potential therapeutic approaches to slow down renal fibrosis. This review summarizes the current work of ion channels in renal fibrosis. We pay close attention to the effect of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), transmembrane Member 16A (TMEM16A) and other Cl− channel mediated signaling pathways and ion concentrations on fibrosis, as well as the various complex mechanisms for the action of Ca2+ handling channels including Ca2+-release-activated Ca2+ channel (CRAC), purinergic receptor, and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. Furthermore, we also focus on the contribution of Na+ transport such as epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), Na+, K+-ATPase, Na+-H+ exchangers, and K+ channels like Ca2+-activated K+ channels, voltage-dependent K+ channel, ATP-sensitive K+ channels on renal fibrosis. Proposed potential therapeutic approaches through further dissection of these mechanisms may provide new therapeutic opportunities to reduce the burden of chronic kidney disease.
Collapse
|
42
|
Achromobacter spp. prevalence and adaptation in cystic fibrosis lung infection. Microbiol Res 2022; 263:127140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
43
|
Cogen JD, Nichols DP, Goss CH, Somayaji R. Drugs, Drugs, Drugs: Current Treatment Paradigms in Cystic Fibrosis Airway Infections. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2022; 11:S32-S39. [PMID: 36069901 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piac061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Airway infections have remained a prominent feature in persons living with cystic fibrosis (CF) despite the dramatic improvements in survival in the past decades. Antimicrobials are a cornerstone of infection management for both acute and chronic maintenance indications. Historic clinical trials of antimicrobials in CF have led to the adoption of consensus guidelines for their use in clinical care. More recently, however, there are efforts to re-think the optimal use of antimicrobials for care with the advent of novel and highly effective CF transmembrane conductance regulator modulator therapies. Encouragingly, however, drug development has remained active concurrently in this space. Our review focuses on the evidence for and perspectives regarding antimicrobial use in both acute and maintenance settings in persons with CF. The therapeutic innovations in CF and how this may affect antimicrobial approaches are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Cogen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David P Nichols
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA.,Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington , USA
| | - Christopher H Goss
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA.,Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington , USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ranjani Somayaji
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder in which abnormal mucus in the lungs is associated with susceptibility to persistent infection. Pulmonary exacerbations are when symptoms of infection become more severe. Antibiotics are an essential part of treatment for exacerbations and inhaled antibiotics may be used alone or in conjunction with oral antibiotics for milder exacerbations or with intravenous antibiotics for more severe infections. Inhaled antibiotics do not cause the same adverse effects as intravenous antibiotics and may prove an alternative in people with poor access to their veins. This is an update of a previously published review. OBJECTIVES To determine if treatment of pulmonary exacerbations with inhaled antibiotics in people with cystic fibrosis improves their quality of life, reduces time off school or work, and improves their long-term lung function. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis Group's Cystic Fibrosis Trials Register. Date of the last search: 7 March 2022. We also searched ClinicalTrials.gov, the Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry and WHO ICTRP for relevant trials. Date of last search: 3 May 2022. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials in people with cystic fibrosis with a pulmonary exacerbation in whom treatment with inhaled antibiotics was compared to placebo, standard treatment or another inhaled antibiotic for between one and four weeks. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently selected eligible trials, assessed the risk of bias in each trial and extracted data. They assessed the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE criteria. Authors of the included trials were contacted for more information. MAIN RESULTS Five trials with 183 participants are included in the review. Two trials (77 participants) compared inhaled antibiotics alone to intravenous antibiotics alone and three trials (106 participants) compared a combination of inhaled and intravenous antibiotics to intravenous antibiotics alone. Trials were heterogenous in design and two were only available in abstract form. Risk of bias was difficult to assess in most trials but, for four out of five trials, we judged there to be a high risk from lack of blinding and an unclear risk with regards to randomisation. Results were not fully reported and only limited data were available for analysis. One trial was a cross-over design and we only included data from the first intervention arm. Inhaled antibiotics alone versus intravenous antibiotics alone Only one trial (18 participants) reported a perceived improvement in lifestyle (quality of life) in both groups (very low-certainty evidence). Neither trial reported on time off work or school. Both trials measured lung function, but there was no difference reported between treatment groups (very low-certainty evidence). With regards to our secondary outcomes, one trial (18 participants) reported no difference in the need for additional antibiotics and the second trial (59 participants) reported on the time to next exacerbation. In neither case was a difference between treatments identified (both very low-certainty evidence). The single trial (18 participants) measuring adverse events and sputum microbiology did not observe any in either treatment group for either outcome (very low-certainty evidence). Inhaled antibiotics plus intravenous antibiotics versus intravenous antibiotics alone Inhaled antibiotics plus intravenous antibiotics may make little or no difference to quality of life compared to intravenous antibiotics alone. None of the trials reported time off work or school. All three trials measured lung function, but found no difference between groups in forced expiratory volume in one second (two trials; 44 participants; very low-certainty evidence) or vital capacity (one trial; 62 participants). None of the trials reported on the need for additional antibiotics. Inhaled plus intravenous antibiotics may make little difference to the time to next exacerbation; however, one trial (28 participants) reported on hospital admissions and found no difference between groups. There is likely no difference between groups in adverse events (very low-certainty evidence) and one trial (62 participants) reported no difference in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant organisms (very low-certainty evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We identified only low- or very low-certainty evidence to judge the effectiveness of inhaled antibiotics for the treatment of pulmonary exacerbations in people with cystic fibrosis. The included trials were not sufficiently powered to achieve their goals. Hence, we are unable to demonstrate whether one treatment was superior to the other or not. Further research is needed to establish whether inhaled tobramycin may be used as an alternative to intravenous tobramycin for some pulmonary exacerbations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherie Smith
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology (COG), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nicola J Rowbotham
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Edward Charbek
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Klosinska K, Reece E, Kenny E, Renwick J. Reducing human DNA bias in cystic fibrosis airway specimens for microbiome analysis. J Microbiol Methods 2022; 200:106540. [PMID: 35853495 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Next generation sequencing (NGS) has transformed our understanding of airway microbiology, however there are methodology limitations that require consideration. The presence of high concentrations of human DNA in clinical specimens can significantly impact sequencing of the microbiome, especially in low biomass samples. Here we compared three different methods (0.025% saponin, NEBNext Microbiome DNA enrichment kit, QIAamp DNA microbiome kit) for the reduction of human DNA from six CF sputum samples and determined the impact on the microbiome detected using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Human DNA in undepleted CF sputum accounted for 94.3% of the total DNA. Saponin, the NEBNext kit and the QIAamp kit reduced human DNA levels by an average of 38.7%, 61.8% and 94.8%, respectively. None of the depletion methods reduced total bacterial DNA concentrations. QIAamp depletion did not influence taxa richness or alpha diversity however alterations to the core genera were noted following depletion. While all methods reduced human DNA in the CF sputum samples, the QIAamp DNA microbiome kit reduced Human DNA levels significantly while leaving bacterial DNA levels unchanged. Human DNA depletion in low biomass, human DNA-dense CF sputum samples is vital for improving bacterial resolution in the CF airway microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Klosinska
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emma Reece
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elaine Kenny
- ELDA Biotech, Naas, Kildare, Ireland; TrinSeq, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Julie Renwick
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
McLean C, Brown K, Windmill J, Dennany L. Innovations In Point-Of-Care Electrochemical Detection Of Pyocyanin. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
47
|
Abstract
Over the past decade there have been significant developments in the field of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator modulator drugs. Following treatment in patients with cystic fibrosis with common gating mutations using the potentiator drug ivacaftor, successive development of corrector drugs used in combination has led to highly effective modulator therapy being available to more than 85% of the cystic fibrosis population over 12 years of age in the form of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor. In this article, we review the evidence from clinical trials and mounting real-world observational and registry data that demonstrates the impact highly effective modulators have on both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations of cystic fibrosis. As clinical trials progress to younger patient groups, we discuss the challenges to demonstrating drug efficacy in early life, and also consider practicalities of drug development in an ever-shrinking modulator-naïve population. Drug-drug interactions are an important consideration in people with cystic fibrosis, where polypharmacy is commonplace, but also as the modulated population look to remain healthier for longer, we identify trials that aim to address treatment burden too. Inequity of care, through drug cost or ineligibility for modulators by genotype, is widening without apparent strategies to address this; however, we present evidence of hopeful early-stage drug development for non-modulatable genes and summarise the current state of gene-therapy development.
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Although chitinase-3-like-1 (CHI3L1), predominately produced by epithelial cells and macrophages, is relevant to pulmonary disease in cystic fibrosis (CF), fecal levels have not yet been assessed in children with CF. Fecal CHI3L1 was measured with a commercial immunoassay using fecal samples provided by children with CF and healthy control (HC) children. Higher median (interquartile range) fecal CHI3L1 levels were seen in the 52 children with CF than in the 35 controls: 15.97 (3.34-50.53) ng/g versus 2.93 (2.13-9.27) ng/g ( P = 0.001). Fecal CHI3LI did not differ according to sex. In the children with CF, fecal CHI3L1 levels did not correlate with growth parameters nor were the levels affected by pancreatic insufficiency. Children with CF had higher fecal CHI3L1 levels, suggesting underlying gut inflammation. Further work is required to confirm the current findings and to ascertain the longer-term significance of elevated CHI3L1.
Collapse
|
49
|
Mori G, Delfino D, Pibiri P, Rivetti C, Percudani R. Origin and significance of the human DNase repertoire. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10364. [PMID: 35725583 PMCID: PMC9208542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14133-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The human genome contains four DNase1 and two DNase2 genes. The origin and functional specialization of this repertoire are not fully understood. Here we use genomics and transcriptomics data to infer the evolutionary history of DNases and investigate their biological significance. Both DNase1 and DNase2 families have expanded in vertebrates since ~ 650 million years ago before the divergence of jawless and jawed vertebrates. DNase1, DNase1L1, and DNase1L3 co-existed in jawless fish, whereas DNase1L2 originated in amniotes by tandem duplication of DNase1. Among the non-human DNases, DNase1L4 and newly identified DNase1L5 derived from early duplications that were lost in terrestrial vertebrates. The ancestral gene of the DNase2 family, DNase2b, has been conserved in synteny with the Uox gene across 700 million years of animal evolution,while DNase2 originated in jawless fish. DNase1L1 acquired a GPI-anchor for plasma membrane attachment in bony fishes, and DNase1L3 acquired a C-terminal basic peptide for the degradation of microparticle DNA in jawed vertebrates. The appearance of DNase1L2, with a distinct low pH optimum and skin localization, is among the amniote adaptations to life on land. The expansion of the DNase repertoire in vertebrates meets the diversified demand for DNA debris removal in complex multicellular organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Mori
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Danila Delfino
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Pibiri
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Claudio Rivetti
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Riccardo Percudani
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Determination of Cystic Fibrosis Mutation Frequency in Preterm and Term Neonates with Respiratory Tract Problems. Balkan J Med Genet 2022; 24:25-31. [PMID: 36249513 PMCID: PMC9524182 DOI: 10.2478/bjmg-2021-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease. The genetic transition occurs with CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutation. We aimed to determine the frequency of CF mutations and also new mutations in the CFTR gene in neonates with respiratory distress. Newborn babies hospitalized due to respiratory distress were included in the patient group. The control group consisted of infants who had no respiratory distress. The CFTR genes of both groups were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods. A total of 40 patients (20 in the patient group and 20 in the control group) were evaluated. The CFTR gene analysis was normal in 16 neonates in the patient group, whereas in others: A46D (c.137C>A) (n = 1), D1312G (c.3935A>G) (n = 1), R117H (c.350G>A) (n = 1), S1426P (c.4276T>C) (n = 1) heterozygotes were detected; CFTR gene analysis was normal at 14 neonates in the control group, whereas in others: E1228G (c.3683A>G) (n = 1), E217G (c.650A>G) (n = 1), E632TfsX9 (c1894_1895delAG) (n = 1), I807M (c.2421 A>G) (n = 2), S573F (c.1718C>T) (n = 1) heterozygotes were detected. There was no significant difference in the patient and control groups’ CFTR gene analysis (p = 0.340). This study demonstrates the importance of CFTR gene analysis in asymptomatic newborn infants for follow-up and early diagnosis of CFTR-related disorders. In this study, a c.1894_1895delAG (E632TfsX9) heterozygous mutation detected in the CFTR gene in an asymptomatic newborn infant, was first encountered in the literature.
Collapse
|