1
|
Sikdar O, Harris C, Greenough A. Improving early diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Expert Rev Respir Med 2024; 18:283-294. [PMID: 38875260 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2024.2367584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bronchopulmonary disease (BPD) is associated with long-term neurodevelopmental and cardiorespiratory complications, often requiring significant use of resources. To reduce this healthcare burden, it is essential that those at high risk of BPD are identified early so that strategies are introduced to prevent disease progression. Our aim was to discuss potential methods for improving early diagnosis in the first week after birth. AREAS COVERED A narrative review was undertaken. The search strategy involved searching PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases from 1967 to 2024. The results of potential biomarkers and imaging modes are discussed. Furthermore, the value of scoring systems is explored. EXPERT OPINION BPD occurs as a result of disruption to pulmonary vascular and alveolar development, thus abnormal levels of factors regulating those processes are promising avenues to explore with regard to early detection of high-risk infants. Data from twin studies suggests genetic factors can be attributed to 82% of the observed difference in moderate to severe BPD, but large genome-wide studies have yielded conflicting results. Comparative studies are required to determine which biomarker or imaging mode may most accurately diagnose early BPD development. Models which include the most predictive factors should be evaluated going forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oishi Sikdar
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher Harris
- Neonatal Intensive Care Centre, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Anne Greenough
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lim G, Kim YJ, Chung S, Park YM, Kim KS, Park HW. Association of Maternal Hypertensive Disorders During Pregnancy With Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e127. [PMID: 35470601 PMCID: PMC9039196 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This meta-analysis was performed to examine the association between maternal hypertension during pregnancy (HDP) and neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and the KoreaMed database for relevant studies. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for quality assessment of all included studies. The meta-analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (version 3.3). RESULTS We included 35 studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria; the total number of infants evaluated came to 97,399 through review process. Maternal HDP was not significantly associated with any definition of BPD, i.e., oxygen dependency at 36 weeks of gestation (odds ratio [OR], 1.162; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.991-1.362; P = 0.064) in pooled analysis of 29 studies or oxygen dependency at 28 days of age (OR, 1.084; 95% CI, 0.660-1.780; P = 0.751) in pooled analysis of 8 studies. Maternal HDP was significantly associated only with severe BPD (OR, 2.341; 95% CI, 1.726-3.174; P < 0.001). BPD was not associated with HDP in the overall analysis (OR, 1.131; 95% CI, 0.977-1.309; P = 0.100) or subgroup analysis according to the definition of HDP. CONCLUSION Maternal HDP was not associated with neonatal BPD defined by the duration of oxygen dependency (at either 36 weeks of gestation or 28 days of life) but was associated with severe BPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gina Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Yoo Jinie Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sochung Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Mean Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyo Sun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Won Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ghosh AJ, Hobbs BD, Moll M, Saferali A, Boueiz A, Yun JH, Sciurba F, Barwick L, Limper AH, Flaherty K, Criner G, Brown KK, Wise R, Martinez FJ, Lomas D, Castaldi PJ, Carey VJ, DeMeo DL, Cho MH, Silverman EK, Hersh CP. Alpha-1 Antitrypsin MZ Heterozygosity Is an Endotype of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 205:313-323. [PMID: 34762809 PMCID: PMC8886988 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202106-1404oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Multiple studies have demonstrated an increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in heterozygous carriers of the AAT (alpha-1 antitrypsin) Z allele. However, it is not known if MZ subjects with COPD are phenotypically different from noncarriers (MM genotype) with COPD. Objectives: To assess if MZ subjects with COPD have different clinical features compared with MM subjects with COPD. Methods: Genotypes of SERPINA1 were ascertained by using whole-genome sequencing data in three independent studies. We compared outcomes between MM subjects with COPD and MZ subjects with COPD in each study and combined the results in a meta-analysis. We performed longitudinal and survival analyses to compare outcomes in MM and MZ subjects with COPD over time. Measurements and Main Results: We included 290 MZ subjects with COPD and 6,184 MM subjects with COPD across the three studies. MZ subjects had a lower FEV1% predicted and greater quantitative emphysema on chest computed tomography scans compared with MM subjects. In a meta-analysis, the FEV1 was 3.9% lower (95% confidence interval [CI], -6.55% to -1.26%) and emphysema (the percentage of lung attenuation areas <-950 HU) was 4.14% greater (95% CI, 1.44% to 6.84%) in MZ subjects. We found one gene, PGF (placental growth factor), to be differentially expressed in lung tissue from one study between MZ subjects and MM subjects. Conclusions: Carriers of the AAT Z allele (those who were MZ heterozygous) with COPD had lower lung function and more emphysema than MM subjects with COPD. Taken with the subtle differences in gene expression between the two groups, our findings suggest that MZ subjects represent an endotype of COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Auyon J. Ghosh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brian D. Hobbs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Moll
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Adel Boueiz
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeong H. Yun
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Frank Sciurba
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Andrew H. Limper
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kevin Flaherty
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Gerard Criner
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kevin K. Brown
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Robert Wise
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Fernando J. Martinez
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; and
| | - David Lomas
- University College London Respiratory Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Castaldi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vincent J. Carey
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dawn L. DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael H. Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edwin K. Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Craig P. Hersh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Torchin H, Combarel D, Aubelle MS, Lopez C, Dubray L, El Ayoubi M, Tsatsaris V, Jarreau PH, Guibourdenche J, Zana-Taïeb E. Association of serum angiogenic factors with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The ANGIODYS cohort study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2019; 18:82-87. [PMID: 31577982 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2019.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Angiogenic factors may be involved in lung development. To evaluate the relations between maternal and cord blood angiogenic factors (sFlt-1, placental growth factor [PlGF], soluble endogline [sEng], transforming growth factor β [TGF-beta]) and their association with moderate and severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in very preterm growth-restricted infants. STUDY DESIGN Prospective monocentric cohort study. Twenty-four mother-child dyads featuring antepartum preeclampsia, intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) and birth before 30 weeks' gestation were included. This ensured a 80% power to test whether sFlt-1 maternal levels would be twice as high in cases of BPD as in the absence of BPD. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Four pro/anti-angiogenic factors from two pathways (sFlt-1, PlGF and sEng, TGF-beta) were measured in maternal serum before delivery (at the time of hospitalization or the day of birth) and in neonates' cord blood. Neonatal outcome was moderate to severe BPD, defined as oxygen requirement for at least 28 days and persistent need for oxygen or ventilatory support at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age. RESULTS sFlt-1 levels were positively correlated in maternal serum and cord blood (rs = 0.83, p < .001) but levels of PlGF and TGF-beta and its receptor sEng were not. Among all the factors studied in cord and maternal blood, none was associated with BPD. CONCLUSIONS In IUGR preterm babies born before 30 weeks' gestation from preeclamptic mothers, serum sFlt-1, PlGF and sEng, TGF-β levels were not correlated with BPD. The increased BPD risk in preterm neonates born from preeclamptic mothers cannot be related to high sFlt-1 levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Héloïse Torchin
- Service de Médecine et Réanimation néonatales de Port Royal, 53 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France; Université de Paris, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center/CRESS, INSERM, INRA, F-75004 Paris, France.
| | - David Combarel
- Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, Service d'hormonologie, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Marie-Stéphanie Aubelle
- Service de Médecine et Réanimation néonatales de Port Royal, 53 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Clémence Lopez
- Service de Médecine et Réanimation néonatales de Port Royal, 53 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Lauréline Dubray
- Service de Médecine et Réanimation néonatales de Port Royal, 53 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Mayass El Ayoubi
- Service de Médecine et Réanimation néonatales de Port Royal, 53 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France; Université de Paris, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center/CRESS, INSERM, INRA, F-75004 Paris, France
| | - Vassilis Tsatsaris
- Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital Cochin Maternité Port Royal, Paris, Île-de-France, France; INSERM UMR_S1139, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Henri Jarreau
- Service de Médecine et Réanimation néonatales de Port Royal, 53 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France; Université de Paris, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center/CRESS, INSERM, INRA, F-75004 Paris, France
| | - Jean Guibourdenche
- Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, Service d'hormonologie, Paris, Île-de-France, France; INSERM UMR_S1139, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Zana-Taïeb
- Service de Médecine et Réanimation néonatales de Port Royal, 53 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France; INSERM, U1141, Hopital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, Île-de-France, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sloane AJ, Flannery DD, Lafferty M, Jensen EA, Dysart K, Cook A, Greenspan J, Aghai ZH. Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy are associated with reduced severe intraventricular hemorrhage in very-low-birth-weight infants. J Perinatol 2019; 39:1125-1130. [PMID: 31263202 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-019-0413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine differences in severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) between very-low-birth-weight (≤1500 g, VLBW) infants born to mothers with and without hypertensive disorders (HD). DESIGN/METHODS Retrospective analysis from the Optum Neonatal Database. The primary outcome of interest was severe IVH (grade 3 or 4). Secondary outcomes included other neonatal morbidities, mortality, and length of hospitalization. Outcomes were compared between VLBW infants born to mothers with and without HD. RESULTS A total of 5456 infants met inclusion criteria. After multivariable regression analysis, risks of severe IVH and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) were lower ([OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.33-0.89, p = 0.01] and [OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.58-0.97, p = 0.03], respectively) and median length of hospitalization was decreased in the HD group (49 versus 61 days, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS VLBW infants born to mothers with HD have a decreased risk of severe IVH, BPD, and a shorter duration of hospitalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Sloane
- Neonatology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital/Nemours, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dustin D Flannery
- Neonatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Margaret Lafferty
- Neonatology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital/Nemours, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erik A Jensen
- Neonatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kevin Dysart
- Neonatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Jay Greenspan
- Neonatology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital/Nemours, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zubair H Aghai
- Neonatology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital/Nemours, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Parchem JG, Kanasaki K, Kanasaki M, Sugimoto H, Xie L, Hamano Y, Lee SB, Gattone VH, Parry S, Strauss JF, Garovic VD, McElrath TF, Lu KH, Sibai BM, LeBleu VS, Carmeliet P, Kalluri R. Loss of placental growth factor ameliorates maternal hypertension and preeclampsia in mice. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:5008-5017. [PMID: 30179860 PMCID: PMC6205389 DOI: 10.1172/jci99026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia remains a clinical challenge due to its poorly understood pathogenesis. A prevailing notion is that increased placental production of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) causes the maternal syndrome by inhibiting proangiogenic placental growth factor (PlGF) and VEGF. However, the significance of PlGF suppression in preeclampsia is uncertain. To test whether preeclampsia results from the imbalance of angiogenic factors reflected by an abnormal sFlt-1/PlGF ratio, we studied PlGF KO (Pgf-/-) mice and noted that the mice did not develop signs or sequelae of preeclampsia despite a marked elevation in circulating sFLT-1. Notably, PlGF KO mice had morphologically distinct placentas, showing an accumulation of junctional zone glycogen. We next considered the role of placental PlGF in an established model of preeclampsia (pregnant catechol-O-methyltransferase-deficient [COMT-deficient] mice) by generating mice with deletions in both the Pgf and Comt genes. Deletion of placental PlGF in the context of COMT loss resulted in a reduction in maternal blood pressure and increased placental glycogen, indicating that loss of PlGF might be protective against the development of preeclampsia. These results identify a role for PlGF in placental development and support a complex model for the pathogenesis of preeclampsia beyond an angiogenic factor imbalance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline G Parchem
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Megumi Kanasaki
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hikaru Sugimoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Liang Xie
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuki Hamano
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Soo Bong Lee
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vincent H Gattone
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Samuel Parry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jerome F Strauss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Vesna D Garovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Thomas F McElrath
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karen H Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Baha M Sibai
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Valerie S LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The role of placental growth factor (PlGF) and its receptor system in retinal vascular diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res 2018; 69:116-136. [PMID: 30385175 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Placental growth factor (PlGF) is a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family. Upon binding to VEGF- and neuropilin-receptor sub-types, PlGF modulates a range of neural, glial and vascular cell responses that are distinct from VEGF-A. As PlGF expression is selectively associated with pathological angiogenesis and inflammation, its blockade does not affect the healthy vasculature. PlGF actions have been extensively described in tumor biology but more recently there has been accumulating preclinical evidence that indicates that this growth factor could have an important role in retinal diseases. High levels of PlGF have been found in aqueous humor, vitreous and/or retina of patients exhibiting retinopathies, especially those with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nvAMD). Expression of this growth factor seems to correlate closely with many of the key pathogenic features of early and late retinopathy in preclinical models. For example, studies using genetic modification and/or pharmacological treatment to block PlGF in the laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model, oxygen-induced retinopathy model, as well as various murine diabetic models, have shown that PlGF deletion or inhibition can reduce neovascularization, retinal leakage, inflammation and gliosis, without affecting vascular development or inducing neuronal degeneration. Moreover, an inhibitory effect of PlGF blockade on retinal scarring in the mouse CNV model has also been recently demonstrated and was found to be unique for PlGF inhibition, as compared to various VEGF inhibition strategies. Together, these preclinical results suggest that anti-PlGF therapy might have advantages over anti-VEGF treatment, and that it may have clinical applications as a standalone treatment or in combination with anti-VEGF. Additional clinical studies are clearly needed to further elucidate the role of PlGF and its potential as a therapeutic target in ocular diseases.
Collapse
|
8
|
Raevens S, Geerts A, Paridaens A, Lefere S, Verhelst X, Hoorens A, Van Dorpe J, Maes T, Bracke KR, Casteleyn C, Jonckx B, Horvatits T, Fuhrmann V, Van Vlierberghe H, Van Steenkiste C, Devisscher L, Colle I. Placental growth factor inhibition targets pulmonary angiogenesis and represents a therapy for hepatopulmonary syndrome in mice. Hepatology 2018; 68:634-651. [PMID: 29023811 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a severe complication of cirrhosis with increased risk of mortality. Pulmonary microvascular alterations are key features of HPS; but underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood, and studies on HPS are limited to rats. Placental growth factor (PlGF), a proangiogenic molecule that is selectively involved in pathological angiogenesis, may play an important role in HPS development; however, its role has never been investigated. In this study, we validated an HPS model by common bile duct ligation (CBDL) in mice, investigated the kinetic changes in pulmonary angiogenesis and inflammation during HPS development, and provide evidence for a novel therapeutic strategy by targeting pathological angiogenesis. Mice with CBDL developed hypoxemia and intrapulmonary shunting on a background of liver fibrosis. Pulmonary alterations included increased levels of proangiogenic and inflammatory markers, which was confirmed in serum of human HPS patients. Increased PlGF production in HPS mice originated from alveolar type II cells and lung macrophages, as demonstrated by immunofluorescent staining. Dysfunctional vessel formation in CBDL mice was visualized by microscopy on vascular corrosion casts. Both prophylactic and therapeutic anti-PlGF (αPlGF) antibody treatment impeded HPS development, as demonstrated by significantly less intrapulmonary shunting and improved gas exchange. αPlGF treatment decreased endothelial cell dysfunction in vivo and in vitro and was accompanied by reduced pulmonary inflammation. Importantly, αPlGF therapy did not affect liver alterations, supporting αPlGF's ability to directly target the pulmonary compartment. CONCLUSION CBDL in mice induces HPS, which is mediated by PlGF production; αPlGF treatment improves experimental HPS by counteracting pulmonary angiogenesis and might be an attractive therapeutic strategy for human HPS. (Hepatology 2017).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Raevens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hepatology Research Unit, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anja Geerts
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hepatology Research Unit, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annelies Paridaens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hepatology Research Unit, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sander Lefere
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hepatology Research Unit, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xavier Verhelst
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hepatology Research Unit, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne Hoorens
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Van Dorpe
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tania Maes
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ken R Bracke
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Casteleyn
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Applied Veterinary Morphology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Thomas Horvatits
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Valentin Fuhrmann
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans Van Vlierberghe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hepatology Research Unit, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Van Steenkiste
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hepatology Research Unit, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lindsey Devisscher
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hepatology Research Unit, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Colle
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hepatology Research Unit, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ronan N, Bennett DM, Khan KA, McCarthy Y, Dahly D, Bourke L, Chelliah A, Cavazza A, O'Regan K, Moloney F, Plant BJ, Henry MT. Tissue and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Biomarkers in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Patients on Pirfenidone. Lung 2018; 196:543-552. [PMID: 30066212 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-018-0140-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pirfenidone is a novel anti-fibrotic agent in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with proven clinical benefit. Better human tissue models to demonstrate the immunomodulatory and anti-fibrotic effect of pirfenidone are required. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to use transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC), a novel technique which provides substantial tissue samples, and a large panel of biomarkers to temporally assess disease activity and response to pirfenidone therapy. METHODS Thirteen patients with confirmed idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) underwent full physiological and radiological assessment at diagnosis and after 6-month pirfenidone therapy. They underwent assessment for a wide range of potential serum and bronchoalveolar lavage biomarkers of disease activity. Finally, they underwent TBLC before and after treatment. Tissue samples were assessed for numbers of fibroblast foci, for Ki-67, a marker of tissue proliferation and caspase-3, a marker of tissue apoptosis. RESULTS All patients completed treatment and investigations without significant incident. There was no significant fall in number of fibroblast foci per unit tissue volume after treatment (pre-treatment: 0.14/mm2 vs. post-treatment 0.08/mm2, p = 0.1). Likewise, there was no significant change in other markers of tissue proliferation, Ki-67 or Caspase-3 with pirfenidone treatment. We found an increase in three bronchoalveolar lavage angiogenesis cytokines, Placental Growth Factor, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A, and basic Fibroblast Growth Factor, two anti-inflammatory cytokines Interleukin-10 and Interleukin-4 and Surfactant Protein-D. CONCLUSIONS TBLC offers a unique opportunity to potentially assess the course of disease activity and response to novel anti-fibrotic activity in IPF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Ronan
- Health Research Board Clinical Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Kashif A Khan
- Health Research Board Clinical Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Yvonne McCarthy
- Health Research Board Clinical Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Darren Dahly
- Health Research Board Clinical Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Louise Bourke
- Department of Histopathology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Adeline Chelliah
- Department of Histopathology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alberto Cavazza
- Department of Pathology, Arcispedale S Maria Nuova, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Kevin O'Regan
- Department of Radiology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fiachra Moloney
- Department of Radiology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Barry J Plant
- Health Research Board Clinical Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael T Henry
- Health Research Board Clinical Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. .,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bates DO, Beazley-Long N, Benest AV, Ye X, Ved N, Hulse RP, Barratt S, Machado MJ, Donaldson LF, Harper SJ, Peiris-Pages M, Tortonese DJ, Oltean S, Foster RR. Physiological Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors as Homeostatic Regulators. Compr Physiol 2018; 8:955-979. [PMID: 29978898 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of proteins are key regulators of physiological systems. Originally linked with endothelial function, they have since become understood to be principal regulators of multiple tissues, both through their actions on vascular cells, but also through direct actions on other tissue types, including epithelial cells, neurons, and the immune system. The complexity of the five members of the gene family in terms of their different splice isoforms, differential translation, and specific localizations have enabled tissues to use these potent signaling molecules to control how they function to maintain their environment. This homeostatic function of VEGFs has been less intensely studied than their involvement in disease processes, development, and reproduction, but they still play a substantial and significant role in healthy control of blood volume and pressure, interstitial volume and drainage, renal and lung function, immunity, and signal processing in the peripheral and central nervous system. The widespread expression of VEGFs in healthy adult tissues, and the disturbances seen when VEGF signaling is inhibited support this view of the proteins as endogenous regulators of normal physiological function. This review summarizes the evidence and recent breakthroughs in understanding of the physiology that is regulated by VEGF, with emphasis on the role they play in maintaining homeostasis. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:955-979, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David O Bates
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew V Benest
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Xi Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nikita Ved
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Richard P Hulse
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Shaney Barratt
- Academic Respiratory Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Maria J Machado
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy F Donaldson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Steven J Harper
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Peiris-Pages
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Domingo J Tortonese
- Centre for Comparative and Clinical Anatomy, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Oltean
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca R Foster
- Bristol Renal, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) and Fibrotic Lung Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051269. [PMID: 29695053 PMCID: PMC5983653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) encompasses a group of heterogeneous diseases characterised by varying degrees of aberrant inflammation and fibrosis of the lung parenchyma. This may occur in isolation, such as in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) or as part of a wider disease process affecting multiple organs, such as in systemic sclerosis. Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (anti-VEGF) therapy is one component of an existing broad-spectrum therapeutic option in IPF (nintedanib) and may become part of the emerging therapeutic strategy for other ILDs in the future. This article describes our current understanding of VEGF biology in normal lung homeostasis and how changes in its bioavailability may contribute the pathogenesis of ILD. The complexity of VEGF biology is particularly highlighted with an emphasis on the potential non-vascular, non-angiogenic roles for VEGF in the lung, in both health and disease.
Collapse
|
12
|
Pham TT, Verheijen M, Vandermosten L, Deroost K, Knoops S, Van den Eynde K, Boon L, Janse CJ, Opdenakker G, Van den Steen PE. Pathogenic CD8 + T Cells Cause Increased Levels of VEGF-A in Experimental Malaria-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, but Therapeutic VEGFR Inhibition Is Not Effective. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:416. [PMID: 29034214 PMCID: PMC5627041 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a severe disease and kills over 400,000 people each year. Malarial complications are the main cause of death and include cerebral malaria and malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (MA-ARDS). Despite antimalarial treatment, lethality rates of MA-ARDS are still between 20 and 80%. Patients develop pulmonary edema with hemorrhages and leukocyte extravasation in the lungs. The vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and the placental growth factor (PlGF) are vascular permeability factors and may be involved in the disruption of the alveolar-capillary membrane, leading to alveolar edema. We demonstrated increased pulmonary VEGF-A and PlGF levels in lungs of mice with experimental MA-ARDS. Depletion of pathogenic CD8+ T cells blocked pulmonary edema and abolished the increase of VEGF-A and PlGF. However, neutralization of VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) with the monoclonal antibody clone DC101 did not decrease pulmonary pathology. The broader spectrum receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib even increased lung pathology. These data suggest that the increase in alveolar VEGF-A and PlGF is not a cause but rather a consequence of the pulmonary pathology in experimental MA-ARDS and that therapeutic inhibition of VEGF receptors is not effective and even contra-indicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thao-Thy Pham
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven-University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | - Melissa Verheijen
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven-University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | - Leen Vandermosten
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven-University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Deroost
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven-University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Knoops
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven-University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Chris J Janse
- Leiden Malaria Research Group, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven-University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe E Van den Steen
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven-University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Neutrophilic Inflammation in the Immune Responses of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Lessons from Animal Models. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:7915975. [PMID: 28536707 PMCID: PMC5426078 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7915975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of mortality worldwide, which is characterized by chronic bronchitis, destruction of small airways, and enlargement/disorganization of alveoli. It is generally accepted that the neutrophilic airway inflammation observed in the lungs of COPD patients is intrinsically linked to the tissue destruction and alveolar airspace enlargement, leading to disease progression. Animal models play an important role in studying the underlying mechanisms of COPD as they address questions involving integrated whole body responses. This review aims to summarize the current animal models of COPD, focusing on their advantages and disadvantages on immune responses and neutrophilic inflammation. Also, we propose a potential new animal model of COPD, which may mimic the most characteristics of human COPD pathogenesis, including persistent moderate-to-high levels of neutrophilic inflammation.
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu D, Lai T, Yuan Y, Chen M, Xia J, Li W, Pan G, Yuan B, Lv Q, Li Y, Li D, Wu B. Elevated expression of placental growth factor is associated with airway-wall vascular remodelling and thickening in smokers with asthma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43017. [PMID: 28220848 PMCID: PMC5318961 DOI: 10.1038/srep43017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased expression of placental growth factor (PlGF) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and allergy-related asthma suggests its role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. In asthmatic smokers, airway remodelling is accompanied by an accelerated decline in lung function. However, whether PlGF contributes to the persistent airflow obstruction and vascular remodelling typically seen in asthmatic smokers is unknown. In this study we measured lung function, airway-wall thickening, and PlGF levels in serum and induced sputum in 74 asthmatic and 42 healthy smokers and never-smokers. Using human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMECs), we evaluated the in vitro effects of PlGF on each step of vascular remodelling, including proliferation, migration, stress-fibre expression, and tubule formation. Our data showed significantly higher serum and sputum PlGF levels in asthma patients, especially asthmatic smokers, than in healthy controls. Serum and sputum PlGF levels correlated negatively with post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and the FEV1/forced vital capacity, but positively with airway-wall thickening. Stimulation of HLMECs with rhPlGF promoted all of the steps of airway-microvascular remodelling. These findings provide insights into the influence of cigarette smoking on the structural changes in the airways of asthmatics and the important pathogenic role played by PlGF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wu
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Tianwen Lai
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Yalian Yuan
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Min Chen
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Wen Li
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Guihai Pan
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Binfan Yuan
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Quanchao Lv
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Yanyu Li
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Dongmin Li
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu D, Yuan Y, Lin Z, Lai T, Chen M, Li W, Lv Q, Yuan B, Li D, Wu B. Cigarette smoke extract induces placental growth factor release from human bronchial epithelial cells via ROS/MAPK (ERK-1/2)/Egr-1 axis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016; 11:3031-3042. [PMID: 27980400 PMCID: PMC5144910 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s120849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Etiological evidence demonstrates that there is a significant association between cigarette smoking and chronic airway inflammatory disease. Abnormal expression of placental growth factor (PlGF) has been reported in COPD, and its downstream signaling molecules have been reported to contribute to the pathogenesis of airway epithelial cell apoptosis and emphysema. However, the signaling mechanisms underlying cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced PlGF expression in airway microenvironment remain unclear. Herein, we investigated the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 [ERK-1/2])/early growth response-1 (Egr-1) pathway on CSE-induced PlGF upregulation in human bronchial epithelium (HBE). The data obtained with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence staining analyses showed that CSE-induced Egr-1 activation was mainly mediated through production of ROS and activation of the MAPK (ERK-1/2) cascade. The binding of Egr-1 to the PlGF promoter was corroborated by an ELISA-based DNA binding activity assay. These results demonstrate that ROS activation of the MAPK (ERK-1/2)/Egr-1 pathway is a main player in the regulatory mechanism for CSE-induced PlGF production and that the use of an antioxidant could partly abolish these effects. Understanding the mechanisms of PlGF upregulation by CSE in the airway microenvironment may provide rational therapeutic interventions for cigarette smoking-related airway inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wu
- Department of Respiratory, Institute of Respiratory Diseases
| | - Yalian Yuan
- Department of Respiratory, Institute of Respiratory Diseases
| | - Zhixiu Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianwen Lai
- Department of Respiratory, Institute of Respiratory Diseases
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Respiratory, Institute of Respiratory Diseases
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Respiratory, Institute of Respiratory Diseases
| | - Quanchao Lv
- Department of Respiratory, Institute of Respiratory Diseases
| | - Binfan Yuan
- Department of Respiratory, Institute of Respiratory Diseases
| | - Dongmin Li
- Department of Respiratory, Institute of Respiratory Diseases
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Respiratory, Institute of Respiratory Diseases
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
The trend and the disease prediction of vascular endothelial growth factor and placenta growth factor in nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37266. [PMID: 27876856 PMCID: PMC5120340 DOI: 10.1038/srep37266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)-lung disease (LD) is an increasing health problem worldwide. The diagnosis of this disease remains difficult, however the application of placenta growth factor (PlGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has not yet been studied. We screened patients with Mycobacterium avium complex or M. abscessus isolated from sputum, and enrolled 32 patients with NTM-LD and 93 with NTM pulmonary colonization. The NTM-LD group had a lower body mass index, higher proportion of bronchiectasis, more respiratory symptoms and pulmonary lesions, and higher titers of sputum acid-fast stain than the NTM pulmonary colonization group. The plasma level of PlGF was lower in the NTM-LD group than in the NTM colonization group, whereas the level of VEGF was higher in the NTM-LD group. In multivariable logistic regression analysis excluding NTM cultures, the predictive model for NTM-LD included sputum AFS titer, a nodular-bronchiectasis radiographic pattern, plasma VEGF/PlGF ratio, and chest radiographic score (VEGF/P1GF ratio became not significant as a factor in multivariable generalized linear model). The four-factor predictive index had good positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio for predicting NTM-LD in the patients with NTM in their sputum.
Collapse
|
17
|
Knockdown of placental growth factor (PLGF) mitigates hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury in neonatal rats: Suppressive effects on NFκB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 38:167-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
18
|
Zhang L, Zhao S, Yuan L, Wu H, Jiang H, Luo G. Placenta growth factor contributes to cell apoptosis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury. Life Sci 2016; 156:30-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
19
|
Eiymo Mwa Mpollo MS, Brandt EB, Shanmukhappa SK, Arumugam PI, Tiwari S, Loberg A, Pillis D, Rizvi T, Lindsey M, Jonck B, Carmeliet P, Kalra VK, Le Cras TD, Ratner N, Wills-Karp M, Hershey GKK, Malik P. Placenta growth factor augments airway hyperresponsiveness via leukotrienes and IL-13. J Clin Invest 2015; 126:571-84. [PMID: 26690703 DOI: 10.1172/jci77250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) affects 55%-77% of children with sickle cell disease (SCD) and occurs even in the absence of asthma. While asthma increases SCD morbidity and mortality, the mechanisms underlying the high AHR prevalence in a hemoglobinopathy remain unknown. We hypothesized that placenta growth factor (PlGF), an erythroblast-secreted factor that is elevated in SCD, mediates AHR. In allergen-exposed mice, loss of Plgf dampened AHR, reduced inflammation and eosinophilia, and decreased expression of the Th2 cytokine IL-13 and the leukotriene-synthesizing enzymes 5-lipoxygenase and leukotriene-C4-synthase. Plgf-/- mice treated with leukotrienes phenocopied the WT response to allergen exposure; conversely, anti-PlGF Ab administration in WT animals blunted the AHR. Notably, Th2-mediated STAT6 activation further increased PlGF expression from lung epithelium, eosinophils, and macrophages, creating a PlGF/leukotriene/Th2-response positive feedback loop. Similarly, we found that the Th2 response in asthma patients is associated with increased expression of PlGF and its downstream genes in respiratory epithelial cells. In an SCD mouse model, we observed increased AHR and higher leukotriene levels that were abrogated by anti-PlGF Ab or the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor zileuton. Overall, our findings indicate that PlGF exacerbates AHR and uniquely links the leukotriene and Th2 pathways in asthma. These data also suggest that zileuton and anti-PlGF Ab could be promising therapies to reduce pulmonary morbidity in SCD.
Collapse
|
20
|
Yang WC, Chen CY, Chou HC, Hsieh WS, Tsao PN. Angiogenic Factors in Cord Blood of Preterm Infants Predicts Subsequently Developing Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Pediatr Neonatol 2015; 56:382-5. [PMID: 25997993 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) of prematurity is associated with impaired angiogenesis. Excess soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and lower levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) impaired alveolarization in preterm rats. Overexpression of placenta growth factor (PlGF) in mice caused airspace enlargement, which is similar to BPD pathologically. Our study aimed to clarify whether cord blood levels of these angiogenic factors were associated with the development of BPD in preterm infants. METHODS Preterm infants of gestational age (GA) <35 weeks who already had all the data of cord blood VEGF, PlGF, and sFlt-1 levels in our previous studies were enrolled. Cord blood levels of VEGF, PlGF, and sFlt-1 were collected. BPD was defined as the need for supplemental oxygen or mechanical ventilation support at the postmenstrual age of 36 weeks. We used the Mann-Whitney U test for comparison between infants with and without BPD, and multivariate analysis with logistic regression to assess the association of these molecules and the development of BPD. RESULTS Infants with BPD had lower GA [(27 weeks (24-34) vs. 31 weeks (28-24)], lower birth body weight [882 g (620-1232) vs. 1538 g (886-2328)], a higher incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (58% vs. 14%), and a higher level of PlGF [21.45 pg/dL (6.03-474.01) vs. 7.43 pg/dL (0.09-23.75)] as compared with those infants without BPD. The levels of VEGF and sFlt-1 did not differ significantly between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that lower birth body weight (p = 0.022) and higher level of PlGF (p = 0.012) were significantly correlated with the development of BPD independently. There was no significant association between the level of VEGF or sFlt-1 and the development of BPD. CONCLUSION Cord blood level of PlGF, rather than VEGF or sFlt-1, was significantly increased in the BPD group. Consistent with our previous report, cord blood level of PlGF may be considered as a biomarker to predict subsequently developing BPD in preterm infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chien Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chieh Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Shiun Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Nien Tsao
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang L, Yuan LJ, Zhao S, Shan Y, Wu HM, Xue XD. The role of placenta growth factor in the hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury in an animal model. Cell Biochem Funct 2014; 33:44-9. [PMID: 25515701 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Department of Neonatology; The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Li-Jie Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Harbin Medical University Daqing Campus; Daqing China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics; The Fourth People Hospital of Shenyang; Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Yu Shan
- Department of Neonatology; The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Hong-Min Wu
- Department of Neonatology; The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Xin-Dong Xue
- Department of Pediatrics; Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang Liaoning China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hou HH, Cheng SL, Chung KP, Wei SC, Tsao PN, Lu HH, Wang HC, Yu CJ. PlGF mediates neutrophil elastase-induced airway epithelial cell apoptosis and emphysema. Respir Res 2014; 15:106. [PMID: 25186164 PMCID: PMC4267747 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-014-0106-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD) has become the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. Cigarette smoking induces neutrophil elastase (NE) and contributes to COPD, but the detailed mechanisms involved are not fully established. In an animal model of pulmonary emphysema, there are increased expressions of placenta growth factor (PlGF) and lung epithelial (LE) cell apoptosis. This study hypothesized that excessive NE may up-regulate PlGF and that PlGF-induced LE apoptosis mediates the pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema. Methods Human bronchial epithelial cells, BEAS-2B, and primary mouse type II alveolar epithelial cells were treated with NE. The PlGF promoter activity was examined by luciferase activity assay, while PlGF expression and secretion were evaluated by RT-PCR, Western blotting, and ELISA. Both cell lines were treated with PlGF to evaluate its effects and the downstream signaling pathways leading to LE cell apoptosis. PlGF knockout and wild-type mice were instilled with NE to determine the roles of PlGF and its downstream molecules in NE-promoted mice pulmonary apoptosis and emphysema phenotype. Results The transcriptional factor, early growth response gene-1, was involved in the NE-promoted PlGF promoter activity, and the expression and secretion of PlGF mRNA and protein in LE cells. PlGF-induced LE cell apoptosis and NE-induced mice pulmonary apoptosis and emphysema were mediated by the downstream c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and protein kinase C (PKC)δ signaling pathways. Conclusion The NE-PlGF-JNK/PKCδ pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of LE cell apoptosis and emphysema. PlGF and its downstream signaling molecules may be potential therapeutic targets for COPD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-014-0106-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Han Hou
- Departments of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Lung Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan. .,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan-Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Kuei-Pin Chung
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Chen Wei
- Departments of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Nien Tsao
- Departments of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hsuan-Hsuan Lu
- Departments of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hao-Chien Wang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chong-Jen Yu
- Departments of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kang MC, Park SJ, Kim HJ, Lee J, Yu DH, Bae KB, Ji YR, Park SJ, Jeong J, Jang WY, Kim JH, Choi MS, Lee DS, Lee HS, Lee S, Kim SH, Kim MO, Park G, Choo YS, Cho JY, Ryoo ZY. Gestational loss and growth restriction by angiogenic defects in placental growth factor transgenic mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:2276-82. [PMID: 25147341 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiogenesis is an important biological process during development, reproduction, and in immune responses. Placental growth factor (PlGF) is a member of vascular endothelial growth factor that is critical for angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. We generated transgenic mice overexpressing PlGF in specifically T cells using the human CD2-promoter to investigate the effects of PlGF overexpression. APPROACH AND RESULTS Transgenic mice were difficult to obtain owing to high lethality; for this reason, we investigated why gestational loss occurred in these transgenic mice. Here, we report that placenta detachment and inhibition of angiogenesis occurred in PlGF transgenic mice during the gestational period. Moreover, even when transgenic mice were born, their growth was restricted. CONCLUSIONS Conclusively, PlGF overexpression prevents angiogenesis by inhibiting Braf, extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation, and downregulation of HIF-1α in the mouse placenta. Furthermore, it affected regulatory T cells, which are important for maintenance of pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Cheol Kang
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Seo Jin Park
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Hei Jung Kim
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Jinhee Lee
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Dong Hoon Yu
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Ki Beom Bae
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Young Rae Ji
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Si Jun Park
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Jain Jeong
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Woo Young Jang
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Jung-Hak Kim
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Myung-Sook Choi
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Sanggyu Lee
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Sung Hyun Kim
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Myoung Ok Kim
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Gyeongsin Park
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Yeon Sik Choo
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Je-Yoel Cho
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Zae Young Ryoo
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (M.K., S.J.P., H.J.K., J.L., D.H.Y., K.B.B., Y.R.J., S.J.P., J.J., W.Y.J., J.-H.K., D.-S.L., H.-S.L., S.L., S.H.K., M.O.K., Z.Y.R.), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (M.S.C.), and School of Biology (Y.S.C.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (G.P.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (J.-Y.C.).
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hou HH, Cheng SL, Chung KP, Kuo MYP, Yeh CC, Chang BE, Lu HH, Wang HC, Yu CJ. Elastase induces lung epithelial cell autophagy through placental growth factor: a new insight of emphysema pathogenesis. Autophagy 2014; 10:1509-21. [PMID: 24988221 DOI: 10.4161/auto.29190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a devastating disease, which is associated with increasing mortality and morbidity. Therefore, there is a need to clearly define the COPD pathogenic mechanism and to explore effective therapies. Previous studies indicated that cigarette smoke (CS) induces autophagy and apoptosis in lung epithelial (LE) cells. Excessive ELANE/HNE (elastase, neutrophil elastase), a factor involved in protease-antiprotease imbalance and the pathogenesis of COPD, causes LE cell apoptosis and upregulates the expression of several stimulus-responsive genes. However, whether or not elastase induces autophagy in LE cell remains unknown. The level of PGF (placental growth factor) is higher in COPD patients than non-COPD controls. We hypothesize that elastase induces PGF expression and causes autophagy in LE cells. In this study, we demonstrated that porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) induced PGF expression and secretion in LE cells in vitro and in vivo. The activation of MAPK8/JNK1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 8) and MAPK14/p38alpha MAPK signaling pathways was involved in the PGF mediated regulation of the TSC (tuberous sclerosis complex) pathway and autophagy in LE cells. Notably, PGF-induced MAPK8 and MAPK14 signaling pathways mediated the inactivation of MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin), the upregulation of MAP1LC3B/LC3B (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 β) and the increase of autophagosome formation in mice. Furthermore, the PPE-induced autophagy promotes further apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. In summary, elastase-induced autophagy promotes LE cell apoptosis and pulmonary emphysema through the upregulation of PGF. PGF and its downstream MAPK8 and MAPK14 signaling pathways are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of emphysema and COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Han Hou
- Department of Internal Medicine; National Taiwan University Hospital; Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine; College of Medicine; National Taiwan University; Taiwan
| | - Shih-Lung Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine; Far Eastern Memorial Hospital; Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Yuan-Ze University; Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Pin Chung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; National Taiwan University Hospital; Taiwan
| | - Mark Yen-Ping Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry; School of Dentistry; National Taiwan University; Taiwan; Department of Dentistry; National Taiwan University Hospital; National Taiwan University; Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chang Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry; School of Dentistry; National Taiwan University; Taiwan; Department of Dentistry; National Taiwan University Hospital; National Taiwan University; Taiwan
| | - Bei-En Chang
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology; School of Dentistry; National Taiwan University; Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Hsuan Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine; National Taiwan University Hospital; Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine; College of Medicine; National Taiwan University; Taiwan
| | - Hao-Chien Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine; National Taiwan University Hospital; Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine; College of Medicine; National Taiwan University; Taiwan
| | - Chong-Jen Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine; National Taiwan University Hospital; Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine; College of Medicine; National Taiwan University; Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tsai WH, Yang CC, Li PC, Chen WC, Chien CT. Therapeutic potential of traditional chinese medicine on inflammatory diseases. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 3:142-51. [PMID: 24716170 PMCID: PMC3924991 DOI: 10.4103/2225-4110.114898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress induces inflammation to several tissues/organs leading to cell death and long-term injury. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and autophagic regulatory functions has been widely used as preventive or therapeutic strategy in modern medicine. Oxidative stress and inflammation have been widely reported to contribute to cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation, hepatotoxicity, or sympathetic activation-induced liver inflammation, lipopolysaccharide-induced renal inflammation, and substance P-mediated neurogenic hyperactive bladder based on clinical findings. In this review, we introduce several evidences for TCM treatment including Monascus adlay (MA) produced by inoculating adlay (Cois lachrymal-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) with Monascus purpureus on lung injury, Amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn. of Euphorbiaceae family) on hepatotoxin-induced liver inflammation, Virgate Wormwood Decoction (Yīn Chén Hāo tāng) and its active component genipin on sympathetic activation–induced liver inflammation, and green tea extract and its active components, catechins, or a modified TCM formula Five Stranguries Powder (Wǔ Lén Sǎn) plus Crataegi Fructus (Shān Zhā) on hyperactive bladder. The pathophysiologic and molecular mechanisms of TCM on ameliorating inflammatory diseases are discussed in the review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsin Tsai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taipei City Hospital Linsen (Chinese Medicine) Branch, Taipei, Taiwan ; Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Yang
- Bureau of Planning, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Taipei, Taiwan ; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chia Li
- Department of Occupational Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Chuan Chen
- The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Ting Chien
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Alagappan VKT, de Boer WI, Misra VK, Mooi WJ, Sharma HS. Angiogenesis and vascular remodeling in chronic airway diseases. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 67:219-34. [PMID: 23975597 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9713-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease remain a global health problem, with increasing morbidity and mortality. Despite differences in the causal agents, both diseases exhibit various degrees of inflammatory changes, structural alterations of the airways leading to airflow limitation. The existence of transient disease phenotypes which overlap both diseases and which progressively decline the lung function has complicated the search for an effective therapy. Important characteristics of chronic airway diseases include airway and vascular remodeling, of which the molecular mechanisms are complex and poorly understood. Recently, we and others have shown that airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells are not only structural and contractile components of airways, rather they bear capabilities of producing large number of pro-inflammatory and mitogenic factors. Increase in size and number of blood vessels both inside and outside the smooth muscle layer as well as hyperemia of bronchial vasculature are contributing factors in airway wall remodeling in patients with chronic airway diseases, proposing for the ongoing mechanisms like angiogenesis and vascular dilatation. We believe that vascular changes directly add to the airway narrowing and hyper-responsiveness by exudation and transudation of proinflammatory mediators, cytokines and growth factors; facilitating trafficking of inflammatory cells; causing oedema of the airway wall and promoting ASM accumulation. One of the key regulators of angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor in concerted action with other endothelial mitogens play pivotal role in regulating bronchial angiogenesis. In this review article we address recent advances in pulmonary angiogenesis and remodelling that contribute in the pathogenesis of chronic airway diseases.
Collapse
|
27
|
Marcelino MY, Fuoco NL, de Faria CA, Kozma RDLH, Marques LF, Ribeiro-Paes JT. Animal models in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-an overview. Exp Lung Res 2014; 40:259-71. [PMID: 24785359 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2014.908250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive airway obstruction resultant from an augmented inflammatory response of the respiratory tract to noxious particles and gases. Previous reports present a number of different hypotheses about the etiology and pathophysiology of COPD. The generating mechanisms of the disease are subject of much speculation, and a series of questions and controversies among experts still remain. In this context, several experimental models have been proposed in order to broaden the knowledge on the pathophysiological characteristics of the disease, as well as the search for new therapeutic approaches for acute or chronically injured lung tissue. This review aims to present the main experimental models of COPD, more specifically emphysema, as well as to describe the main characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, possibilities of application, and potential contribution of each of these models for the knowledge on the pathophysiological aspects and to test new treatment options for obstructive lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Yonashiro Marcelino
- 1Program of Post-Graduation in Biotechnology, Universidade de São Paulo-Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ling TY, Liu YL, Huang YK, Gu SY, Chen HK, Ho CC, Tsao PN, Tung YC, Chen HW, Cheng CH, Lin KH, Lin FH. Differentiation of lung stem/progenitor cells into alveolar pneumocytes and induction of angiogenesis within a 3D gelatin--microbubble scaffold. Biomaterials 2014; 35:5660-9. [PMID: 24746968 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The inability to adequately vascularize tissues in vitro or in vivo is a major challenge in lung tissue engineering. A method that integrates stem cell research with 3D-scaffold engineering may provide a solution. We have successfully isolated mouse pulmonary stem/progenitor cells (mPSCs) by a two-step procedure and fabricated mPSC-compatible gelatin/microbubble-scaffolds using a 2-channel fluid jacket microfluidic device. We then integrated the cells and the scaffold to construct alveoli-like structures. The mPSCs expressed pro-angiogenic factors (e.g., b-FGF and VEGF) and induced angiogenesis in vitro in an endothelial cell tube formation assay. In addition, the mPSCs were able to proliferate along the inside of the scaffolds and differentiate into type-II and type-I pneumocytes The mPSC-seeded microbubble-scaffolds showed the potential for blood vessel formation in both a chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay and in experiments for subcutaneous implantation in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Our results demonstrate that lung stem/progenitor cells together with gelatin microbubble-scaffolds promote angiogenesis as well as the differentiation of alveolar pneumocytes, resulting in an alveoli-like structure. These findings may help advance lung tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thai-Yen Ling
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Liang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Kang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sing-Yi Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Kuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Choa-Chi Ho
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Nien Tsao
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chung Tung
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Wen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Hsiang Cheng
- Department and Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Hui Lin
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Huei Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Barratt S, Medford AR, Millar AB. Vascular endothelial growth factor in acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Respiration 2014; 87:329-42. [PMID: 24356493 DOI: 10.1159/000356034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the most severe form of lung injury, characterised by alveolar oedema and vascular permeability, in part due to disruption of the alveolar capillary membrane integrity. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was originally identified as a vascular permeability factor and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury/ARDS. This review describes our current knowledge of VEGF biology and summarises the literature investigating the potential role VEGF may play in normal lung maintenance and in the development of lung injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Barratt
- Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wan J, Xiao Z, Chao S, Xiong S, Gan X, Qiu X, Xu C, Ma Y, Tu X. Pioglitazone modulates the proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells via peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-gamma. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2014; 6:101. [PMID: 25302079 PMCID: PMC4190377 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-6-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PPARγ is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. It has been considered as a mediator regulating metabolism, anti-inflammation, and pro-proliferation in the Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (VSMCs). Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), synthetic ligands of PPARγ, have anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on VSMCs, which prevent the formation and progression of atherosclerosis and restenosis following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. This present study therefore aimed to investigate the signaling pathway by which pioglitazone, one of TZDs, inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of VSMCs. METHODS The effects of pioglitazone on VSMC proliferation and apoptosis were studied. Cell proliferation was determined using BrdU incorporation assay. Cell apoptosis was monitored with Hoechst and Annexin V staining. The expression of caspases and cyclins was determined using real-time PCR and Western blot. RESULTS Pioglitazone treatment and PPARγ overexpression inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of VSMCs, whereas blocking by antagonist or silencing by siRNA of PPARγ significantly attenuated pioglitazone's effect. Furthermore, pioglitazone treatment or PPARγ overexpression increased caspase 3 and caspase 9 expression, and decreased the expression of cyclin B1 and cyclin D1 in VSMCs. CONCLUSIONS Pioglitazone inhibits VSMCs proliferation and promotes apoptosis of VSMCs through a PPARγ signaling pathway. Up-regulation of caspase 3 and down-regulation of cyclins mediates pioglitazone's anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects. Our results imply that pioglitazone prevents the VSMCs proliferation via modulation of caspase and cyclin signaling pathways in a PPARγ-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wan
- />Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Zhichao Xiao
- />Department of Cardiology, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology affiliated Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Shengping Chao
- />Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Shixi Xiong
- />Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Xuedong Gan
- />Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Xuguang Qiu
- />Department of Cardiology, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology affiliated Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Chang Xu
- />Department of Cardiology, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology affiliated Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Yexin Ma
- />Department of Cardiology, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology affiliated Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Xin Tu
- />Cardiovascular Research, Life Science and Technology College, Human Genome Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
McLoughlin P, Keane MP. Physiological and pathological angiogenesis in the adult pulmonary circulation. Compr Physiol 2013; 1:1473-508. [PMID: 23733650 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis occurs during growth and physiological adaptation in many systemic organs, for example, exercise-induced skeletal and cardiac muscle hypertrophy, ovulation, and tissue repair. Disordered angiogenesis contributes to chronic inflammatory disease processes and to tumor growth and metastasis. Although it was previously thought that the adult pulmonary circulation was incapable of supporting new vessel growth, over that past 10 years new data have shown that angiogenesis within this circulation occurs both during physiological adaptive processes and as part of the pathogenic mechanisms of lung diseases. Here we review the expression of vascular growth factors in the adult lung, their essential role in pulmonary vascular homeostasis and the changes in their expression that occur in response to physiological challenges and in disease. We consider the evidence for adaptive neovascularization in the pulmonary circulation in response to alveolar hypoxia and during lung growth following pneumonectomy in the adult lung. In addition, we review the role of disordered angiogenesis in specific lung diseases including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, acute adult distress syndrome and both primary and metastatic tumors of the lung. Finally, we examine recent experimental data showing that therapeutic enhancement of pulmonary angiogenesis has the potential to treat lung diseases characterized by vessel loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul McLoughlin
- University College Dublin, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Conway Institute, and St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yen TA, Yang HI, Hsieh WS, Chou HC, Chen CY, Tsou KI, Tsao PN. Preeclampsia and the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in VLBW infants: a population based study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75168. [PMID: 24073247 PMCID: PMC3779258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia remains a leading cause of maternal mortality and preterm delivery. Both preeclampsia and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) of prematurity are associated with impaired angiogenesis. However, the relationship between maternal preeclampsia and BPD remains controversial. This study aims to test whether or not preeclampsia is associated with development of BPD in a cohort of premature infants. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study assessing the association between preeclampsia and the risk of developing BPD in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants registered in the Premature Baby Foundation of Taiwan from 1997 through 2006. All 21 neonatal departments in Taiwan participated in the data collection. A total of 8,653 VLBW infants were registered in the database. The exclusion criteria included congenital anomalies, chromosome anomalies, infants that died before 36 weeks post-conceptual (PCA), and those whose BPD status were unavailable. BPD was defined as oxygen dependence at 36 weeks postmenstrual age. The association between maternal preeclampsia and BPD was assessed using a multivariate-adjusted logistic regression model. RESULTS In the end, a total of 5,753 cases were enrolled in this study. The incidence of preeclampsia was 14.7% (n=847) and the overall incidence of BPD was 34.9%. Infants with maternal preeclampsia had a higher gestational age, higher incidence of cesarean section and being small for their gestational age, lower incidence of respiratory distress syndrome, patent ductus arteriosus, and sepsis. BPD occurred significantly less frequently in the maternal preeclampsia group (24.1% vs. 36.7%; adjusted odds ratio: 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.62-0.98). Subgroup analysis showed that the association between preeclampsia and BPD was significant only in those VLBW infants with a gestational age between 31-34 weeks. CONCLUSION This data supports the association between fetal exposure to maternal preeclampsia and a reduced risk of BPD in relatively mature VLBW infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-An Yen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hwai-I Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Molecular and Genomic Epidemiology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Shiun Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chieh Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Inn Tsou
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardinal Tien Hospital and College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Nien Tsao
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- The Research Center of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hou HH, Cheng SL, Liu HT, Yang FZ, Wang HC, Yu CJ. Elastase induced lung epithelial cell apoptosis and emphysema through placenta growth factor. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e793. [PMID: 24008737 PMCID: PMC3789187 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, however, the pathogenic factors and mechanisms are not fully understood. Pulmonary emphysema is one of the major components of COPD and is thought to result from oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, protease–antiprotease imbalance and lung epithelial (LE) cell apoptosis. In our previous studies, COPD patients were noted to have higher levels of placenta growth factor (PlGF) in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid than controls. In addition, transgenic mice overexpressing PlGF developed pulmonary emphysema and exposure to PlGF in LE cells induced apoptosis. Furthermore, intratracheal instillation of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) on to PlGF wild type mice induced emphysema, but not in PlGF knockout mice. Therefore, we hypothesized that PPE generates pulmonary emphysema through the upregulation of PlGF expression in LE cells. The elevation of PlGF then leads to LE cell apoptosis. In the present study, we investigated whether PPE induces PlGF expression, whether PlGF induces apoptosis and whether the downstream mechanisms of PlGF are related to LE cell apoptosis. We found that PPE increased PlGF secretion and expression both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, PlGF-induced LE cell apoptosis and PPE-induced emphysema in the mice were mediated by c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) pathways. Given these findings, we suggest that the increase in PlGF and PlGF-induced JNK and p38 MAPK pathways contribute to PPE-induced LE cell apoptosis and emphysema. Regulatory control of PlGF and agents against its downstream signals may be potential therapeutic targets for COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H H Hou
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li PC, Tsai WH, Chien CT. Dietary Monascus adlay supplements facilitate suppression of cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, apoptosis and emphysema-related PLGF in the rat. Food Chem 2012; 136:765-74. [PMID: 23122125 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure may cause oxidative stress in the lung, leading to cell death and long-term injury. Monascus adlay (MA) with antioxidant components produced by inoculating adlay (Cois lachrymal-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) with Monascus purpureus may protect lung against CS-induced lung injuries in rats. MA and lovastatin had higher antioxidant activities than either M. purpureus or adlay. CS exposure caused significant lung damage, as evidenced by higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), neutrophil infiltration, dityrosine and 4-HNE, as well as lower levels of Mn-superoxide dismutase and catalase expression. Lung tissues with CS exposure had higher levels of ER stress, apoptosis, autophagy and emphysema-related placenta growth factor (PlGF) expressions. All CS-induced injuries were significantly suppressed by MA supplements. MA would be a beneficial nutritional therapy to ameliorate CS-induced lung injury via preserving antioxidant defense mechanisms, decreasing oxidative stress and inhibiting ER stress, autophagy, apoptosis and emphysema-related risk factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chia Li
- Department of Occupational Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Dewerchin M, Carmeliet P. PlGF: a multitasking cytokine with disease-restricted activity. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2012; 2:cshperspect.a011056. [PMID: 22908198 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a011056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Placental growth factor (PlGF) is a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family that also comprises VEGF-A (VEGF), VEGF-B, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D. Unlike VEGF, PlGF is dispensable for development and health but has diverse nonredundant roles in tissue ischemia, malignancy, inflammation, and multiple other diseases. Genetic and pharmacological gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies have identified molecular mechanisms of this multitasking cytokine and characterized the therapeutic potential of delivering or blocking PlGF for various disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Dewerchin
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular Link, VIB Vesalius Research Center, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Passmore MR, Nataatmadja M, Fraser JF. Assessment of control tissue for gene and protein expression studies: a comparison of three alternative lung sources. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:523840. [PMID: 22593690 PMCID: PMC3346271 DOI: 10.1100/2012/523840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of an appropriate control group in human research is essential in investigating the level of a pathological disorder. This study aimed to compare three alternative sources of control lung tissue and to determine their suitability for gene and protein expression studies. Gene and protein expression levels of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and gelatinase families and their receptors were measured using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. The gene expression levels of VEGFA, placental growth factor (PGF), and their receptors, fms-related tyrosine kinase 1 (FLT1), and kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) as well as matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and the inhibitors, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and TIMP-2 were significantly higher in lung cancer resections. The gene expression level of MMP-9 was significantly lower in the corresponding samples. Altered protein expression was also detected, depending on the area assessed. The results of this study show that none of the three control groups studied are completely suitable for gene and protein studies associated with the VEGF and gelatinase families, highlighting the need for researchers to be selective in which controls they opt for.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret R Passmore
- Critical Care Research Group, University of Queensland, Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Reddy NM, Vegiraju S, Irving A, Paun BC, Luzina IG, Atamas SP, Biswal S, Ana NA, Mitzner W, Reddy SP. Targeted deletion of Jun/AP-1 in alveolar epithelial cells causes progressive emphysema and worsens cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 180:562-74. [PMID: 22265050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease appears to occur slowly and progressively over many years, with both genetic factors and environmental modifiers contributing to its pathogenesis. Although the c-Jun/activator protein 1 transcriptional factor regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses, its role in lung pathogenesis is largely unknown. In this study, we report decreased expression levels of c-Jun mRNA and protein in the lung tissues of patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and the genetic deletion of c-Jun specifically in alveolar epithelial cells causes progressive emphysema with lung inflammation and alveolar air space enlargement, which are cardinal features of emphysema. Although mice lacking c-Jun specifically in lung alveolar epithelial cells appear normal at the age of 6 weeks, when exposed to long-term cigarette smoke, c-Jun-mutant mice display more lung inflammation with perivascular and peribronchiolar infiltrates compared with controls. These results demonstrate that the c-Jun/activator protein 1 pathway is critical for maintaining lung alveolar cell homeostasis and that loss of its expression can contribute to lung inflammation and progressive emphysema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narsa M Reddy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chen YL, Chang MC, Huang CY, Chiang YC, Lin HW, Chen CA, Hsieh CY, Cheng WF. Serous ovarian carcinoma patients with high alpha-folate receptor had reducing survival and cytotoxic chemo-response. Mol Oncol 2012. [PMID: 22265591 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2011.11.010] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The alpha-folate receptor (α-FR) is highly-expressed in various non-mucinous tumors of epithelial origin, including ovarian carcinoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between alpha-folate receptor (α-FR) and the clinico-pathologic features and outcomes of serous ovarian carcinoma patients and the possible mechanism of α-FR to chemo-resistance. Therefore, semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reactions for α-FR expression were performed in the 91 specimens of serous ovarian carcinomas. The expression of α-FR in each ovarian cancer tissue specimen was defined as the ratio of density of α-FR to density of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). In vitro apoptotic experiments were tested in the original OVCAR-3 tumor cells and various OVCAR-3 α-FR-transfectants. Patients with an increased α-FR expression level had poorer responses to chemotherapy (per α-FR expression level increase: odds ratio (OR): 8.97 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.40-57.36), p = 0.021). An increased α-FR expression level was an independently poor prognostic factor for disease free interval (DFI) (per α-FR expression level increase: hazard ratio (HR): 2.45 (95% CI: 1.16-5.18), p = 0.02) and had a negative impact on overall survival (OS) of these serous ovarian cancer patients (per α-FR expression level increase: HR: 3.6 (95% CI: 0.93-13.29), p = 0.03) by multivariate analyses. α-FR inhibited cytotoxic drug-induced apoptosis in our in vitro apoptotic assays. α-FR could induce chemo-resistance via regulating the expression of apoptosis-related molecules, Bcl-2 and Bax. Therefore, α-FR can be a potential biomarker for the prediction of chemotherapeutic responses and clinical prognosis. It also could be the target of ovarian cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Li Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chen YL, Chang MC, Huang CY, Chiang YC, Lin HW, Chen CA, Hsieh CY, Cheng WF. Serous ovarian carcinoma patients with high alpha-folate receptor had reducing survival and cytotoxic chemo-response. Mol Oncol 2012. [PMID: 22265591 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2011.11.010]+[] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The alpha-folate receptor (α-FR) is highly-expressed in various non-mucinous tumors of epithelial origin, including ovarian carcinoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between alpha-folate receptor (α-FR) and the clinico-pathologic features and outcomes of serous ovarian carcinoma patients and the possible mechanism of α-FR to chemo-resistance. Therefore, semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reactions for α-FR expression were performed in the 91 specimens of serous ovarian carcinomas. The expression of α-FR in each ovarian cancer tissue specimen was defined as the ratio of density of α-FR to density of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). In vitro apoptotic experiments were tested in the original OVCAR-3 tumor cells and various OVCAR-3 α-FR-transfectants. Patients with an increased α-FR expression level had poorer responses to chemotherapy (per α-FR expression level increase: odds ratio (OR): 8.97 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.40-57.36), p = 0.021). An increased α-FR expression level was an independently poor prognostic factor for disease free interval (DFI) (per α-FR expression level increase: hazard ratio (HR): 2.45 (95% CI: 1.16-5.18), p = 0.02) and had a negative impact on overall survival (OS) of these serous ovarian cancer patients (per α-FR expression level increase: HR: 3.6 (95% CI: 0.93-13.29), p = 0.03) by multivariate analyses. α-FR inhibited cytotoxic drug-induced apoptosis in our in vitro apoptotic assays. α-FR could induce chemo-resistance via regulating the expression of apoptosis-related molecules, Bcl-2 and Bax. Therefore, α-FR can be a potential biomarker for the prediction of chemotherapeutic responses and clinical prognosis. It also could be the target of ovarian cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Li Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chen YL, Chang MC, Huang CY, Chiang YC, Lin HW, Chen CA, Hsieh CY, Cheng WF. Serous ovarian carcinoma patients with high alpha-folate receptor had reducing survival and cytotoxic chemo-response. Mol Oncol 2011; 6:360-9. [PMID: 22265591 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The alpha-folate receptor (α-FR) is highly-expressed in various non-mucinous tumors of epithelial origin, including ovarian carcinoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between alpha-folate receptor (α-FR) and the clinico-pathologic features and outcomes of serous ovarian carcinoma patients and the possible mechanism of α-FR to chemo-resistance. Therefore, semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reactions for α-FR expression were performed in the 91 specimens of serous ovarian carcinomas. The expression of α-FR in each ovarian cancer tissue specimen was defined as the ratio of density of α-FR to density of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). In vitro apoptotic experiments were tested in the original OVCAR-3 tumor cells and various OVCAR-3 α-FR-transfectants. Patients with an increased α-FR expression level had poorer responses to chemotherapy (per α-FR expression level increase: odds ratio (OR): 8.97 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.40-57.36), p = 0.021). An increased α-FR expression level was an independently poor prognostic factor for disease free interval (DFI) (per α-FR expression level increase: hazard ratio (HR): 2.45 (95% CI: 1.16-5.18), p = 0.02) and had a negative impact on overall survival (OS) of these serous ovarian cancer patients (per α-FR expression level increase: HR: 3.6 (95% CI: 0.93-13.29), p = 0.03) by multivariate analyses. α-FR inhibited cytotoxic drug-induced apoptosis in our in vitro apoptotic assays. α-FR could induce chemo-resistance via regulating the expression of apoptosis-related molecules, Bcl-2 and Bax. Therefore, α-FR can be a potential biomarker for the prediction of chemotherapeutic responses and clinical prognosis. It also could be the target of ovarian cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Li Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Cheng SL, Wang HC, Cheng SJ, Yu CJ. Elevated placenta growth factor predicts pneumonia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease under inhaled corticosteroids therapy. BMC Pulm Med 2011; 11:46. [PMID: 21962211 PMCID: PMC3195784 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-11-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An increased incidence of pneumonia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) under inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy was noticed in previous studies. We performed a prospective study to elucidate the risk factors for the development of pneumonia in this group of patients. Methods A prospective, non-randomized study with patients diagnosed as having COPD from 2007 to 2008 identified in the Far Eastern Memorial Hospital were recruited. We recorded data for all patients, including clinical features and signs, demographic data, lung function status, and medications. Bio-markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and placenta growth factor (PlGF) were checked at first diagnosis. Every acute exacerbation was also recorded, especially pneumonia events, which were confirmed by chest radiography. Multivariate analysis was performed with stepwise logistic regression for pneumonia risk factors. Results 274 patients were diagnosed as having COPD during the study period and 29 patients suffered from pneumonia with a prevalence of 10.6%. The rate was significantly higher in patients with ICS therapy (20/125, 16%) compared with those without ICS (9/149, 6%) (p = 0.02). We stratified ICS therapy into medium dose (500-999 ug/day fluticasone equivalent, 71 patients) and high dose (1000 ug/day and higher fluticasone equivalent, 54 patients) group. There was no statistical difference in the incidence of pneumonia between these two group (medium dose: 13/71, 18.3% vs. high dose: 7/54, 12.9%, p = 0.47). Multivariate analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for developing pneumonia and included forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) less than 40% of predicted (odds ratio (OR) 2.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1-6.9), ICS prescription ((OR) 2.4, 95% (CI): 1.3-8.7), the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR 2.6, 95% CI: 1.2-9.4) and PlGF level over 40 pg/L (OR 4.1, 95% CI: 1.5-9.9). Conclusion ICS therapy in patients with COPD increased the risk of pneumonia. However, there was no relationship between the incidence of pneumonia and dosage of ICS. Additionally, advanced COPD status, DM and elevated PlGF level were independent risk factors for the development of pneumonia. PlGF would be a good novel biomarker for predicting pneumonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Lung Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Pan-Chiao, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sands M, Howell K, Costello CM, McLoughlin P. Placenta growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor B expression in the hypoxic lung. Respir Res 2011; 12:17. [PMID: 21266048 PMCID: PMC3040134 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-12-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic alveolar hypoxia, due to residence at high altitude or chronic obstructive lung diseases, leads to pulmonary hypertension, which may be further complicated by right heart failure, increasing morbidity and mortality. In the non-diseased lung, angiogenesis occurs in chronic hypoxia and may act in a protective, adaptive manner. To date, little is known about the behaviour of individual vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family ligands in hypoxia-induced pulmonary angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of placenta growth factor (PlGF) and VEGFB during the development of hypoxic pulmonary angiogenesis and their functional effects on the pulmonary endothelium. METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to conditions of normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (10% O2) for 1-21 days. Stereological analysis of vascular structure, real-time PCR analysis of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), VEGFB, placenta growth factor (PlGF), VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1) and VEGFR2, immunohistochemistry and western blots were completed. The effects of VEGF ligands on human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells were determined using a wound-healing assay. RESULTS Typical vascular remodelling and angiogenesis were observed in the hypoxic lung. PlGF and VEGFB mRNA expression were significantly increased in the hypoxic lung. Immunohistochemical analysis showed reduced expression of VEGFB protein in hypoxia although PlGF protein was unchanged. The expression of VEGFA mRNA and protein was unchanged. In vitro PlGF at high concentration mimicked the wound-healing actions of VEGFA on pulmonary microvascular endothelial monolayers. Low concentrations of PlGF potentiated the wound-healing actions of VEGFA while higher concentrations of PlGF were without this effect. VEGFB inhibited the wound-healing actions of VEGFA while VEGFB and PlGF together were mutually antagonistic. CONCLUSIONS VEGFB and PlGF can either inhibit or potentiate the actions of VEGFA, depending on their relative concentrations, which change in the hypoxic lung. Thus their actions in vivo depend on their specific concentrations within the microenvironment of the alveolar wall during the course of adaptation to pulmonary hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Sands
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hansen AR, Barnés CM, Folkman J, McElrath TF. Maternal preeclampsia predicts the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Pediatr 2010; 156:532-6. [PMID: 20004912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that exposure to preeclampsia is associated with an increased risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). STUDY DESIGN A prospective cohort study of 107 babies born between 23 and 32 weeks gestation, collecting maternal, neonatal, and placental data. RESULTS Of the 107 infants studied, 27 (25%) developed BPD. The bivariate odds ratio (OR) for the relationship between pre-eclampsia and BPD was 2.96 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.17 to 7.51; P = .01). When controlling for gestational age, birth weight z-score, chorioamnionitis, and other clinical confounders, the OR of developing BPD was 18.7 (95% CI = 2.44 to 144.76). Including the occurrence of preeclampsia, clinical chorioamnionitis, male sex, and maternal tobacco use in addition to gestational age and birth weight z-score accounted for 54% of the variability of the odds of developing BPD. CONCLUSIONS BPD is increased for infants exposed to preeclampsia. This has possible implications for the prevention of BPD with proangiogenic agents, such as vascular endothelial growth factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne R Hansen
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Cheng SL, Wang HC, Yu CJ, Tsao PN, Carmeliet P, Cheng SJ, Yang PC. Prevention of elastase-induced emphysema in placenta growth factor knock-out mice. Respir Res 2009; 10:115. [PMID: 19930612 PMCID: PMC2789728 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-10-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although both animal and human studies suggested the association between placenta growth factor (PlGF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), especially lung emphysema, the role of PlGF in the pathogenesis of emphysema remains to be clarified. This study hypothesizes that blocking PlGF prevents the development of emphysema. Methods Pulmonary emphysema was induced in PlGF knock-out (KO) and wild type (WT) mice by intra-tracheal instillation of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE). A group of KO mice was then treated with exogenous PlGF and WT mice with neutralizing anti-VEGFR1 antibody. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and VEGF were quantified. Apoptosis measurement and immuno-histochemical staining for VEGF R1 and R2 were performed in emphysematous lung tissues. Results After 4 weeks of PPE instillation, lung airspaces enlarged more significantly in WT than in KO mice. The levels of TNF-α and MMP-9, but not VEGF, increased in the lungs of WT compared with those of KO mice. There was also increased in apoptosis of alveolar septal cells in WT mice. Instillation of exogenous PlGF in KO mice restored the emphysematous changes. The expression of both VEGF R1 and R2 decreased in the emphysematous lungs. Conclusion In this animal model, pulmonary emphysema is prevented by depleting PlGF. When exogenous PlGF is administered to PlGF KO mice, emphysema re-develops, implying that PlGF contributes to the pathogenesis of emphysema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih Lung Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Endotoxemia caused by LPS is a life-threatening and inflammatory condition contributing to multiple organ failure. Viruses or bacteria require sialic acid (SA) for target-cell binding. We suggest that exogenous SA through masking or mediating the binding of LPS to the target cells may attenuate LPS-induced liver dysfunction and cecal ligation and puncture-induced shock. We found that SA can directly scavenge O2-, H2O2, and NO activity by a chemiluminescence analyzer and bind to LPS with high affinity using surface plasmon resonance. Intravenous SA significantly increased plasma SA concentration within 4 h. We then assessed the potential effect of SA on LPS-induced acute endotoxemia in the rat. Intravenous LPS (10-50 mg/kg) dose-dependently increased plasma endotoxin and reactive oxygen species in the blood, bile, and liver and increased plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels as well as TNF-alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, IL-1beta, and IL-6 levels in the rats. Thirty minutes after LPS stimulation, SA decreased LPS-enhanced endotoxin level, oxidative stress, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, and cytokine concentration and ameliorated histopathologic alteration in the liver. We found that SA increased LPS-depressed Mn-superoxide dismutase, CuZn-superoxide dismutase, and heat shock protein 70 and decreased LPS-enhanced iNOS and proapoptotic Bax protein expression in the liver by Western blot. Sialic acid was given after treatment to rats subjected to cecal ligation and puncture, and the hypotensive effect was blunted for 6 h. In conclusion, SA treatment can counteract LPS-enhanced acute endotoxemia and oxidative injury via a direct scavenging reactive oxygen species activity and neutralization potential.
Collapse
|
46
|
Le A, Zielinski R, He C, Crow MT, Biswal S, Tuder RM, Becker PM. Pulmonary epithelial neuropilin-1 deletion enhances development of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 180:396-406. [PMID: 19520907 PMCID: PMC2742758 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200809-1483oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure is an important risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; however, not all smokers develop disease, suggesting that other factors influence disease development. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine whether neuropilin-1 (Nrp1), an integral component of receptor complexes mediating alveolar septation and vascular development, was involved in maintenance of normal alveolar structure, and/or altered susceptibility to the effects of CS. METHODS Transgenic mice were generated to achieve inducible lung-specific deletion of epithelial Nrp1. We determined whether conditional Nrp1 deletion altered airspace size, then compared the effects of chronic CS or filtered air exposure on airspace size, inflammation, and the balance between cell death and proliferation in conditionally Nrp1-deficient adult mice and littermate controls. Finally, we evaluated the effects of Nrp1 silencing on cell death after acute exposure of A549 cells to cigarette smoke extract or short chain ceramides. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Genetic deletion of epithelial Nrp1 in either postnatal or adult lungs resulted in a small increase in airspace size. More notably, both airspace enlargement and apoptosis of type I and type II alveolar epithelial cells were significantly enhanced following chronic CS exposure in conditionally Nrp1-deficient adult mice. Silencing of Nrp1 in A549 cells did not alter cell survival after vehicle treatment but significantly augmented apoptosis after exposure to cigarette smoke extract or ceramide. CONCLUSIONS These data support a role for epithelial Nrp1 in the maintenance of normal alveolar structure and suggest that dysregulation of Nrp1 expression may promote epithelial cell death in response to CS exposure, thereby enhancing emphysema development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Le
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Parameswaran H, Bartolák-Suki E, Hamakawa H, Majumdar A, Allen PG, Suki B. Three-dimensional measurement of alveolar airspace volumes in normal and emphysematous lungs using micro-CT. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2009; 107:583-92. [PMID: 19541732 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.91227.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In pulmonary emphysema, the alveolar structure progressively breaks down via a three-dimensional (3D) process that leads to airspace enlargement. The characterization of such structural changes has, however, been based on measurements from two-dimensional (2D) tissue sections or estimates of 3D structure from 2D measurements. In this study, we developed a novel silver staining method for visualizing tissue structure in 3D using micro-computed tomographic (CT) imaging, which showed that at 30 cmH20 fixing pressure, the mean alveolar airspace volume increased from 0.12 nl in normal mice to 0.44 nl and 2.14 nl in emphysematous mice, respectively, at 7 and 14 days following elastase-induced injury. We also assessed tissue structure in 2D using laser scanning confocal microscopy. The mean of the equivalent diameters of the alveolar airspaces was lower in 2D compared with 3D, while its variance was higher in 2D than in 3D in all groups. However, statistical comparisons of alveolar airspace size from normal and emphysematous mice yielded similar results in 2D and 3D: compared with control, both the mean and variance of the equivalent diameters increased by 7 days after treatment. These indexes further increased from day 7 to day 14 following treatment. During the first 7 days following treatment, the relative change in SD increased at a much faster rate compared with the relative change in mean equivalent diameter. We conclude that quantifying heterogeneity in structure can provide new insight into the pathogenesis or progression of emphysema that is enhanced by improved sensitivity using 3D measurements.
Collapse
|
48
|
Bailey SR, Boustany S, Burgess JK, Hirst SJ, Sharma HS, Simcock DE, Suravaram PR, Weckmann M. Airway vascular reactivity and vascularisation in human chronic airway disease. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2009; 22:417-25. [PMID: 19409504 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2009.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2008] [Revised: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Altered bronchial vascular reactivity and remodelling including angiogenesis are documented features of asthma and other chronic inflammatory airway diseases. Expansion of the bronchial vasculature under these conditions involves both functional (vasodilation, hyperperfusion, increased microvascular permeability, oedema formation, and inflammatory cell recruitment) and structural changes (tissue and vascular remodelling) in the airways. These changes in airway vascular reactivity and vascularisation have significant pathophysiological consequences, which are manifest in the clinical symptoms of airway disease. Airway vascular reactivity is regulated by a wide variety of neurotransmitters and inflammatory mediators. Similarly, multiple growth factors are implicated in airway angiogenesis, with vascular endothelial growth factor amongst the most important. Increasing attention is focused on the complex interplay between angiogenic growth factors, airway smooth muscle and the various collagen-derived fragments that exhibit anti-angiogenic properties. The balance of these dynamic influences in airway neovascularisation processes and their therapeutic implications is just beginning to be elucidated. In this review article, we provide an account of recent developments in the areas of vascular reactivity and airway angiogenesis in chronic airway diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon R Bailey
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Jin S, Zhao G, Li Z, Nishimoto Y, Isohama Y, Shen J, Ito T, Takeya M, Araki K, He P, Yamamura KI. Age-related pulmonary emphysema in mice lacking alpha/beta hydrolase domain containing 2 gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 380:419-24. [PMID: 19250629 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.01.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 01/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The alpha/beta hydrolase family genes have been identified as down-regulated genes in human emphysematous lungs. Although proteins in the alpha/beta hydrolase family generally act as enzymes, such as lipases, the specific functions of the Abhd2 protein are unknown. To examine the role of Abhd2 in the lung, we analyzed Abhd2 deficient mice obtained by gene trap mutagenesis. Abhd2 was expressed in the alveolar type II cells. Abhd2 deficiency resulted in a decreased level of phosphatidylcholine in the bronchoalveolar lavage. These mice developed spontaneous gradual progression of emphysema, due to increased macrophage infiltration, increased inflammatory cytokines, a protease/anti-protease imbalance and enhanced apoptosis. This phenotype is more akin to the pace of emphysema that develops in humans. Our findings suggest that derangement in alveolar phospholipid metabolism can induce emphysema, and that Abhd2 plays a critical role in maintaining lung structural integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoude Jin
- Department of Gerontology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Sanhao Street 36, Heping Ward, Shenyang 110004, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kurtagic E, Jedrychowski MP, Nugent MA. Neutrophil elastase cleaves VEGF to generate a VEGF fragment with altered activity. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2009; 296:L534-46. [PMID: 19136576 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.90505.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive neutrophil elastase (NE) activity and altered vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling have independently been implicated in the development and progression of pulmonary emphysema. In the present study, we investigated the potential link between NE and VEGF. We noted that VEGF(165) is a substrate for NE. Digestion of purified VEGF(165) with NE generated a partially degraded disulfide-linked fragment of VEGF. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that NE likely cleaves VEGF(165) at both the NH(2) and COOH termini to produce VEGF fragment chains approximately 5 kDa reduced in size. NE treatment of VEGF-laden endothelial cell cultures and smooth muscle cells endogenously expressing VEGF generated VEGF fragments similar to those observed with purified VEGF(165). NE-generated VEGF fragment showed significantly reduced binding to VEGF receptor 2 and heparin yet retained the ability to bind to VEGF receptor 1. Interestingly, VEGF fragment showed altered signaling in pulmonary artery endothelial cells compared with intact VEGF(165). Specifically, treatment with VEGF fragment did not activate extracellular-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), yet resulted in enhanced activation of protein kinase B (Akt). Treatment of monocyte/macrophage RAW 264.7 cells with VEGF fragment, on the other hand, led to both Akt and ERK1/2 activation, increased VEGFR1 expression, and stimulated chemotaxis. These findings suggest that the tissue response to NE-mediated injury might involve the generation of diffusible VEGF fragments that stimulate inflammatory cell recruitment and activation via VEGF receptor 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elma Kurtagic
- Departments of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|