1
|
Tyrkalska SD, Pedoto A, Martínez-López A, Ros-Lucas JA, Mesa-Del-Castillo P, Candel S, Mulero V. Silica crystals activate toll-like receptors and inflammasomes to promote local and systemic immune responses in zebrafish. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 138:104523. [PMID: 36055417 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Silica crystals are potent activators of the inflammasome that cause a fibrotic lung disease, called silicosis, with no effective treatment available. We report here that injection of silica crystals into the hindbrain ventricle of zebrafish embryos led to the initiation of local and systemic immune responses driven through both Toll-like receptors (TLR)- and inflammasome-dependent signaling pathways, followed by induction of pro-fibrotic markers. Genetic and pharmacological analysis revealed that the Nlrp3 inflammasome regulated silica crystal-induced inflammation and pyroptotic cell death, but not emergency myelopoiesis. In addition, Cxcl8a/Cxcr2-dependent recruitment of myeloid cells to silica crystals was required to promote emergency myelopoiesis and systemic inflammation. The zebrafish model of silicosis developed here shed light onto the molecular mechanisms involved in the activation of the immune system by silica crystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia D Tyrkalska
- Departmento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120, Murcia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Annamaria Pedoto
- Departmento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120, Murcia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Martínez-López
- Departmento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120, Murcia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Ros-Lucas
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120, Murcia, Spain; Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Mesa-Del-Castillo
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120, Murcia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sergio Candel
- Departmento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120, Murcia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Victoriano Mulero
- Departmento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120, Murcia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tekin TO, Karis D, Ates Alkan F, Cetin G, Ercan AM. Evaluation of trace elements in essential thrombocytosis and reactive thrombocytosis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 73:127034. [PMID: 35839560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trace elements (TE) are vital for cellular mechanisms at biological, chemical and molecular levels. The effects of TE in diagnosis, progression and treatment of essential thrombocytosis (ET), which is one of the chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms is a rare clonal stem cell disease characterized by increased thrombocyte numbers with impaired function, have not been elucidated in detail yet. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of TE alterations in an ET model and the efficacy of TE in ET treatment protocol by means of a vast number of TE. METHODS Study groups were categorized as patients with ET diagnosis (ET group, n:30), patients with reactive thrombocytosis secondary to iron deficiency anemia (IDA-RT) (IDA-RT group, n:30) and healthy controls (HC group, n:30). Serum levels of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), manganese (Mn), boron (B) and magnesium (Mg) were analyzed utilizing inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrophotometer instrument (ICP-OES). Statistical analysis was evaluated using SPSS 23.0. RESULTS ET group had statistically higher serum levels of Co and Mg (p < 0.05), Ni and Mn (p < 0.001), and lower Si (p < 0.05) than IDA-RT group. ET group had statistically higher serum levels of Co and Mn (p < 0.05), and Ni (p < 0.001), and lower Al, Si and Se (p < 0.001) than HC group. Serum levels of Fe, Al and Se (p < 0.001), and Mg (p < 0.01), and Zn (p < 0.05) in IDA-RT group were significantly lower than HC group. CONCLUSION This novel study pointed out that alterations of many serum TE by means of both increment or decrement might have close relationship with mechanisms and complications of ET onset and follow-up. We consider that further research of TE would elucidate ethiopathogenesis and prognosis of ET. Thus, analysis of serum trace elements in essential thrombocytosis patients may be an important protocol by means of diagnosis, treatment and follow-up intervals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Ozkan Tekin
- Department of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem University, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Denizhan Karis
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Fatma Ates Alkan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Guven Cetin
- Department of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem University, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alev Meltem Ercan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pulmonary Toxicity of Silica Linked to Its Micro- or Nanometric Particle Size and Crystal Structure: A Review. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142392. [PMID: 35889616 PMCID: PMC9318389 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Silicon dioxide (SiO2) is a mineral compound present in the Earth’s crust in two mineral forms: crystalline and amorphous. Based on epidemiological and/or biological evidence, the pulmonary effects of crystalline silica are considered well understood, with the development of silicosis, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The structure and capacity to trigger oxidative stress are recognized as relevant determinants in crystalline silica’s toxicity. In contrast, natural amorphous silica was long considered nontoxic, and was often used as a negative control in experimental studies. However, as manufactured amorphous silica nanoparticles (or nanosilica or SiNP) are becoming widely used in industrial applications, these paradigms must now be reconsidered at the nanoscale (<100 nm). Indeed, recent experimental studies appear to point towards significant toxicity of manufactured amorphous silica nanoparticles similar to that of micrometric crystalline silica. In this article, we present an extensive review of the nontumoral pulmonary effects of silica based on in vitro and in vivo experimental studies. The findings of this review are presented both for micro- and nanoscale particles, but also based on the crystalline structure of the silica particles.
Collapse
|
4
|
Inoue M, Sakamoto K, Suzuki A, Nakai S, Ando A, Shiraki Y, Nakahara Y, Omura M, Enomoto A, Nakase I, Sawada M, Hashimoto N. Size and surface modification of silica nanoparticles affect the severity of lung toxicity by modulating endosomal ROS generation in macrophages. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:21. [PMID: 34134732 PMCID: PMC8210371 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As the application of silica nanomaterials continues to expand, increasing chances of its exposure to the human body and potential harm are anticipated. Although the toxicity of silica nanomaterials is assumed to be affected by their physio-chemical properties, including size and surface functionalization, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that analysis of intracellular localization of the particles and subsequent intracellular signaling could reveal a novel determinant of inflammatory response against silica particles with different physico-chemical properties. Results We employed a murine intratracheal instillation model of amorphous silica nanoparticles (NPs) exposure to compare their in vivo toxicities in the respiratory system. Pristine silica-NPs of 50 nm diameters (50 nm-plain) induced airway-centered lung injury with marked neutrophilic infiltration. By contrast, instillation of pristine silica particles of a larger diameter (3 μm; 3 μm-plain) significantly reduced the severity of lung injury and neutrophilic infiltration, possibly through attenuated induction of neutrophil chemotactic chemokines including MIP2. Ex vivo analysis of alveolar macrophages as well as in vitro assessment using RAW264.7 cells revealed a remarkably lower cellular uptake of 3 μm-plain particles compared with 50 nm-plain, which is assumed to be the underlying mechanism of attenuated immune response. The severity of lung injury and neutrophilic infiltration was also significantly reduced after intratracheal instillation of silica NPs with an amine surface modification (50 nm-NH2) when compared with 50 nm-plain. Despite unchanged efficacy in cellular uptake, treatment with 50 nm-NH2 induced a significantly attenuated immune response in RAW264.7 cells. Assessment of intracellular redox signaling revealed increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in endosomal compartments of RAW264.7 cells treated with 50 nm-plain when compared with vehicle-treated control. In contrast, augmentation of endosomal ROS signals in cells treated with 50 nm-NH2 was significantly lower. Moreover, selective inhibition of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) was sufficient to inhibit endosomal ROS bursts and induction of chemokine expressions in cells treated with silica NPs, suggesting the central role of endosomal ROS generated by NOX2 in the regulation of the inflammatory response in macrophages that endocytosed silica NPs. Conclusions Our murine model suggested that the pulmonary toxicity of silica NPs depended on their physico-chemical properties through distinct mechanisms. Cellular uptake of larger particles by macrophages decreased, while surface amine modification modulated endosomal ROS signaling via NOX2, both of which are assumed to be involved in mitigating immune response in macrophages and resulting lung injury. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-021-00415-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahide Inoue
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Koji Sakamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shinya Nakai
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
| | - Akira Ando
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Shiraki
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshio Nakahara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Mika Omura
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ikuhiko Nakase
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
| | - Makoto Sawada
- Department of Brain Function, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacokinetics Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naozumi Hashimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pang J, Qi X, Luo Y, Li X, Shu T, Li B, Song M, Liu Y, Wei D, Chen J, Wang J, Wang C. Multi-omics study of silicosis reveals the potential therapeutic targets PGD 2 and TXA 2. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:2381-2394. [PMID: 33500731 PMCID: PMC7797695 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Silicosis is a severe occupational lung disease. Current treatments for silicosis have highly limited availability (i.e., lung transplantation) or, do not effectively prolong patient survival time (i.e., lung lavage). There is thus an urgent clinical need for effective drugs to retard the progression of silicosis. Methods: To systematically characterize the molecular changes associated with silicosis and to discover potential therapeutic targets, we conducted a transcriptomics analysis of human lung tissues acquired during transplantation, which was integrated with transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses of silicosis mouse lungs. The results from the multi-omics analyses were then verified by qPCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry. The effect of Ramatroban on the progression of silicosis was evaluated in a silica-induced mouse model. Results: Wide metabolic alterations were found in lungs from both human patients and mice with silicosis. Targeted metabolite quantification and validation of expression of their synthases revealed that arachidonic acid (AA) pathway metabolites, prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2), were significantly up-regulated in silicosis lungs. We further examined the effect of Ramatroban, a clinical antagonist of both PGD2 and TXA2 receptors, on treating silicosis using a mouse model. The results showed that Ramatroban significantly alleviated silica-induced pulmonary inflammation, fibrosis, and cardiopulmonary dysfunction compared with the control group. Conclusion: Our results revealed the importance of AA metabolic reprogramming, especially PGD2 and TXA2 in the progression of silicosis. By blocking the receptors of these two prostanoids, Ramatroban may be a novel potential therapeutic drug to inhibit the progression of silicosis.
Collapse
|
6
|
Sepand MR, Ranjbar S, Kempson IM, Akbariani M, Muganda WCA, Müller M, Ghahremani MH, Raoufi M. Targeting non-apoptotic cell death in cancer treatment by nanomaterials: Recent advances and future outlook. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 29:102243. [PMID: 32623018 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Many tumors develop resistance to most of the apoptosis-based cancer therapies. In this sense targeting non-apoptotic forms of cell death including necroptosis, autophagy and ferroptosis may have therapeutic benefits in apoptosis-defective cancer cells. Nanomaterials have shown great advantages in cancer treatment owing to their unique characteristics. Besides, the capability of nanomaterials to induce different forms of cell death has gained widespread attention in cancer treatment. Reports in this field reflect the therapeutic potential of necroptotic cell death induced by nanomaterials in cancer. Also, autophagic cell death induced by nanomaterials alone and as a part of chemo-, radio- and photothermal therapy holds great promise as anticancer therapeutic option. Besides, ferroptosis induction by iron-based nanomaterials in drug delivery, immunotherapy, hyperthermia and imaging systems shows promising results in malignancies. Hence, this review is devoted to the latest efforts and the challenges in this field of research and its clinical merits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Sepand
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sheyda Ranjbar
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ivan M Kempson
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, SA, Australia
| | - Mostafa Akbariani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mareike Müller
- Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry (Cμ), University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ghahremani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Raoufi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry (Cμ), University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Thaver S, Bennett EJ, Foa L, Richards SM, Lyons AB, Zosky GR. Pregnancy protects against the pro-inflammatory respiratory responses induced by particulate matter exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 225:796-802. [PMID: 30904759 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the effect of pregnancy on the response to particulate matter. The aim of this study was to determine if pregnancy increases the susceptibility to PM from different sources using a mouse model. METHODS Pregnant, eight-week-old C57BL/6J mice were exposed intranasally to 50 μg of diesel exhaust particles (DEP), iron oxide (Fe2O3) or silica (SiO2) in 50 μL of saline, or saline alone, on gestational day (E)7.5, E12.5 and E17.5. Groups of non-pregnant mice were exposed on day (D)0, D5 and D10. Biological samples were collected 24 h after the last exposure. Serum IL-4 and IL-6 levels were quantified by ELISA. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was collected for inflammatory cells counts and assessment of IFN-ɣ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 levels by ELISA. The spleen and thymus were also collected and the percentage of B cells and CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+CD25 + T cells were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS Exposure to silica caused an influx of lymphocytes, eosinophils and neutrophils into the lung. The magnitude of this response was suppressed by pregnancy. Pregnancy also enhanced the production of CD4+CD25 + T cells in response to DEP and silica exposure. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data suggest that pregnancy reduces the inflammatory response to silica and alters the immune response to DEP. These responses were accompanied by pregnancy related changes including increased IL-4 production, reduced IL-8 production and an increase in the proportion of CD4+CD25 + T cells in response to PM exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santon Thaver
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Ellen J Bennett
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Lisa Foa
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Stephen M Richards
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - A Bruce Lyons
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Graeme R Zosky
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
A study of atherothrombotic biomarkers in welders. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2019; 92:1023-1031. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-019-01441-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
9
|
Laskin DL, Malaviya R, Laskin JD. Role of Macrophages in Acute Lung Injury and Chronic Fibrosis Induced by Pulmonary Toxicants. Toxicol Sci 2019; 168:287-301. [PMID: 30590802 PMCID: PMC6432864 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A diverse group of toxicants has been identified that cause injury to the lung including gases (eg, ozone, chlorine), particulates/aerosols (eg, diesel exhaust, fly ash, other combustion products, mustards, nanomaterials, silica, asbestos), chemotherapeutics (eg, bleomycin), and radiation. The pathologic response to these toxicants depends on the dose and duration of exposure and their physical/chemical properties. A common response to pulmonary toxicant exposure is an accumulation of proinflammatory/cytotoxic M1 macrophages at sites of tissue injury, followed by the appearance of anti-inflammatory/wound repair M2 macrophages. It is thought that the outcome of the pathogenic responses to toxicants depends on the balance in the activity of these macrophage subpopulations. Overactivation of either M1 or M2 macrophages leads to injury and disease pathogenesis. Thus, the very same macrophage-derived mediators, released in controlled amounts to destroy injurious materials and pathogens (eg, reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, proteases, tumor necrosis factor α) and initiate wound repair (eg, transforming growth factor β, connective tissue growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor), can exacerbate acute lung injury and/or induce chronic disease such as fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma, when released in excess. This review focuses on the role of macrophage subsets in acute lung injury and chronic fibrosis. Understanding how these pathologies develop following exposure to toxicants, and the contribution of resident and inflammatory macrophages to disease pathogenesis may lead to the development of novel approaches for treating lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy
| | - Rama Malaviya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dinmohammadi H, Pirdel Z, Salarilak L, Hoylaerts M, Nejatbakhsh R, Biglari A, Jacquemin M, Shahani T. Pure ultra-fine carbon particles do not exert pro-coagulation and inflammatory effects on microvascular endothelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:991-999. [PMID: 30456618 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pro-thrombotic and inflammatory changes play an important role in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, resulting from short-term exposure to fine particulate air-pollution. Part of those effects has been attributed to the ultra-fine particles (UFPs) that pass through the lung and directly contact blood-exposed and circulating cells. Despite UFP-induced platelet activation, it is unclear whether the penetrated particles exert any direct effect on endothelial cells. While exposure levels are boosting as a result of world-wide increases in economic development and desertification, which create more air-polluted regions, as well as increase in demands for synthetic UFPs in medicine and various industries, further studies on the health effects of these particles are required. In this study, human pulmonary and cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (MECs) have been exposed to 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μg/ml suspensions of either a natural (carbon black) or a synthetic (multi-walled carbon nano-tubes) type of UFPs, in vitro. As a result, no changes in the levels of coagulation factor VIII, Von Willebrand factor, Interleukin 8, and P-selectin measured in the cells' supernatant were observed prior to and 6, 12, and 24 h after exposure. In parallel, the spatio-temporal effect of UFPs on cardiac MECs was evaluated by Transmission Electron Microscopy. Despite phagocytic uptake of pure UFPs observed on cellular sections of the treated cells, Weibel-Palade bodies remained intact in shape and similar in number when compared with the untreated cells. Our work shows that carbon itself is a non-toxic carrier for endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Dinmohammadi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Pirdel
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Laleh Salarilak
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Marc Hoylaerts
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reza Nejatbakhsh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Alireza Biglari
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Marc Jacquemin
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tina Shahani
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mohammadinejad R, Moosavi MA, Tavakol S, Vardar DÖ, Hosseini A, Rahmati M, Dini L, Hussain S, Mandegary A, Klionsky DJ. Necrotic, apoptotic and autophagic cell fates triggered by nanoparticles. Autophagy 2019; 15:4-33. [PMID: 30160607 PMCID: PMC6287681 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1509171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials have gained a rapid increase in use in a variety of applications that pertain to many aspects of human life. The majority of these innovations are centered on medical applications and a range of industrial and environmental uses ranging from electronics to environmental remediation. Despite the advantages of NPs, the knowledge of their toxicological behavior and their interactions with the cellular machinery that determines cell fate is extremely limited. This review is an attempt to summarize and increase our understanding of the mechanistic basis of nanomaterial interactions with the cellular machinery that governs cell fate and activity. We review the mechanisms of NP-induced necrosis, apoptosis and autophagy and potential implications of these pathways in nanomaterial-induced outcomes. Abbreviations: Ag, silver; CdTe, cadmium telluride; CNTs, carbon nanotubes; EC, endothelial cell; GFP, green fluorescent protein; GO, graphene oxide; GSH, glutathione; HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells; NP, nanoparticle; PEI, polyethylenimine; PVP, polyvinylpyrrolidone; QD, quantum dot; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SiO2, silicon dioxide; SPIONs, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles; SWCNT, single-walled carbon nanotubes; TiO2, titanium dioxide; USPION, ultra-small super paramagnetic iron oxide; ZnO, zinc oxide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Moosavi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Deniz Özkan Vardar
- Sungurlu Vocational High School, Health Programs, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Asieh Hosseini
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marveh Rahmati
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Salik Hussain
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ali Mandegary
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Luyts K, Van Den Broucke S, Hemmeryckx B, Poels K, Scheers H, Casas L, Vanoirbeek J, Nemery B, Hoet PHM. Nanoparticles in the lungs of old mice: Pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress without procoagulant effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 644:907-915. [PMID: 30743888 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) has been shown to induce pulmonary as well as cardiovascular toxicity. These effects might be enhanced in elderly subjects as a result of a compromised immunity and/or declined organ functions. To study the adverse in vivo effects of NPs in a model for the elderly, we exposed 18-month-old C75Bl/6 mice to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) or ZnO NPs by intratracheal instillation once a week during 5 consecutive weeks. Pulmonary and hemostatic toxicity was determined 24 h (T1) and 8 weeks (T2) after the last administration. Both NP types significantly increased the pulmonary macrophages at both time points. The MWCNTs and ZnO NPs also induced a pulmonary influx of neutrophils, which was even larger at T2 compared to T1. All NPs induced only a modest increase of pulmonary IL-1β, IL-6 and KC levels. Both types of NPs also increased blood neutrophils. Red blood cells were not significantly affected. Both NPs significantly increased coagulation factor VIII levels at both time points. Histological analysis revealed the presence of MWCNTs in the alveolar macrophages up to 8 weeks after the last administration and the ZnO NPs induced a pronounced alveolar inflammation. In these 18-month-old mice, NPs caused pulmonary inflammation (without evidence of oxidative stress) accompanied by large increases in coagulation factor VIII up to 8 weeks after the last NP exposure. The persistence of the MWCNTs in the lungs resulted in translocation from the lungs to the left heart and the ZnO NPs induced a fibrosis-like pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Luyts
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Van Den Broucke
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bianca Hemmeryckx
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Poels
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Laboratory for Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Scheers
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lidia Casas
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Vanoirbeek
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Laboratory for Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benoit Nemery
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter H M Hoet
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hu H, Shi Y, Zhang Y, Wu J, Asweto CO, Feng L, Yang X, Duan J, Sun Z. Comprehensive gene and microRNA expression profiling on cardiovascular system in zebrafish co-exposured of SiNPs and MeHg. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 607-608:795-805. [PMID: 28711009 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution has been shown to increase cardiovascular diseases. However, little attention has been paid to the combined effects of PM and air pollutants on the cardiovascular system. To explore this, a high-throughput sequencing technology was used to determine combined effects of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) and MeHg in zebrafish. Our study demonstrated that SiNPs and MeHg co-exposure could cause significant changes in mRNA and miRNA expression patterns in zebrafish. The differentially expressed (DE) genes in profiles 17 and 26 of STC analysis suggest that SiNPs and MeHg co-exposure had more proinflammatory and cardiovascular toxicity in zebrafish than single exposure. Major gene functions associated with cardiovascular system in the co-exposed zebrafish were discerned from the dynamic-gene-network, including stxbp1a, celf4, ahr1b and bai2. In addition, the prominently expressed pathway of cardiac muscle contraction was targeted by 3 DE miRNAs identified by the miRNA-pathway-network (dre-miR-7147, dre-miR-26a and dre-miR-375), which included 23 DE genes. This study presents a global view of the combined SiNPs and MeHg toxicity on the dynamic expression of both mRNAs and miRNAs in zebrafish, and could serve as fundamental research clues for future studies, especially on cardiovascular system toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hejing Hu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yanfeng Shi
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yannan Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Collins Otieno Asweto
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Lin Feng
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Xiaozhe Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Depletion of Alveolar Macrophages Does Not Prevent Hantavirus Disease Pathogenesis in Golden Syrian Hamsters. J Virol 2016; 90:6200-6215. [PMID: 27099308 PMCID: PMC4936146 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00304-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Andes virus (ANDV) is associated with a lethal vascular leak syndrome in humans termed hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). The mechanism for the massive vascular leakage associated with HPS is poorly understood; however, dysregulation of components of the immune response is often suggested as a possible cause. Alveolar macrophages are found in the alveoli of the lung and represent the first line of defense to many airborne pathogens. To determine whether alveolar macrophages play a role in HPS pathogenesis, alveolar macrophages were depleted in an adult rodent model of HPS that closely resembles human HPS. Syrian hamsters were treated, intratracheally, with clodronate-encapsulated liposomes or control liposomes and were then challenged with ANDV. Treatment with clodronate-encapsulated liposomes resulted in significant reduction in alveolar macrophages, but depletion did not prevent pathogenesis or prolong disease. Depletion also did not significantly reduce the amount of virus in the lung of ANDV-infected hamsters but altered neutrophil recruitment, MIP-1α and MIP-2 chemokine expression, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in hamster bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid early after intranasal challenge. These data demonstrate that alveolar macrophages may play a limited protective role early after exposure to aerosolized ANDV but do not directly contribute to hantavirus disease pathogenesis in the hamster model of HPS. IMPORTANCE Hantaviruses continue to cause disease worldwide for which there are no FDA-licensed vaccines, effective postexposure prophylactics, or therapeutics. Much of this can be attributed to a poor understanding of the mechanism of hantavirus disease pathogenesis. Hantavirus disease has long been considered an immune-mediated disease; however, by directly manipulating the Syrian hamster model, we continue to eliminate individual immune cell types. As the most numerous immune cells present in the respiratory tract, alveolar macrophages are poised to defend against hantavirus infection, but those antiviral responses may also contribute to hantavirus disease. Here, we demonstrate that, like in our prior T and B cell studies, alveolar macrophages neither prevent hantavirus infection nor cause hantavirus disease. While these studies reflect pathogenesis in the hamster model, they should help us rule out specific cell types and prompt us to consider other potential mechanisms of disease in an effort to improve the outcome of human HPS.
Collapse
|
15
|
Tabor CM, Shaw CA, Robertson S, Miller MR, Duffin R, Donaldson K, Newby DE, Hadoke PWF. Platelet activation independent of pulmonary inflammation contributes to diesel exhaust particulate-induced promotion of arterial thrombosis. Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:6. [PMID: 26857113 PMCID: PMC4746929 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0116-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accelerated thrombus formation induced by exposure to combustion-derived air pollution has been linked to alterations in endogenous fibrinolysis and platelet activation in response to pulmonary and systemic inflammation. We hypothesised that mechanisms independent of inflammation contribute to accelerated thrombus formation following exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP). METHODS Thrombosis in rats was assessed 2, 6 and 24 h after administration of DEP, carbon black (CB; control carbon nanoparticle), DQ12 quartz microparticles (to induce pulmonary inflammation) or saline (vehicle) by either intra-tracheal instillation (0.5 mg, except Quartz; 0.125 mg) or intravenous injection (0.5 mg/kg). Thrombogenicity was assessed by carotid artery occlusion, fibrinolytic variables and platelet-monocyte aggregates. Measures of inflammation were determined in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 were measured following direct in vitro exposure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to DEP (10-150 μg/mL). RESULTS Instillation of DEP reduced the time to thrombotic occlusion in vivo, coinciding with the peak of DEP-induced pulmonary inflammation (6 h). CB and DQ12 produced greater inflammation than DEP but did not alter time to thrombotic occlusion. Intravenous DEP produced an earlier (2 h) acceleration of thrombosis (as did CB) without pulmonary or systemic inflammation. DEP inhibited t-PA and PAI-1 release from HUVECs, and reduced the t-PA/PAI-1 ratio in vivo; similar effects in vivo were seen with CB and DQ12. DEP, but not CB or DQ12, increased platelet-monocyte aggregates. CONCLUSION DEP accelerates arterial thrombus formation through increased platelet activation. This effect is dissociated from pulmonary and systemic inflammation and from impaired fibrinolytic function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Tabor
- Univeristy/ BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Catherine A Shaw
- Univeristy/ BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Sarah Robertson
- Univeristy/ BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Mark R Miller
- Univeristy/ BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Rodger Duffin
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Universiyt of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Ken Donaldson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Universiyt of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - David E Newby
- Univeristy/ BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Patrick W F Hadoke
- Univeristy/ BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bartoş A, Bartoş D, Szabo B, Breazu C, Opincariu I, Mironiuc A, Iancu C. Recent achievements in colorectal cancer diagnostic and therapy by the use of nanoparticles. Drug Metab Rev 2016; 48:27-46. [PMID: 26828283 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2015.1130052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a major public health issue, being the third most common cancer in men and the second in women. It is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths. Nanomedicine is an emerging field of interest, many of its aspects being linked to cancer research. Chemotherapy has a well-established role in colorectal cancer management, unfortunately being limited by inability to have a selective distribution, by multidrug resistance and adverse effects. Researches carried out in recent years about nanotechnologies aimed, among others, to resolve the issues mentioned above. Targeted and localized delivery of the chemotherapeutic drugs, using nanoparticles, with selective destruction of cancerous cells would minimize the toxicity on healthy tissues. Also, the use of nanomaterials as contrast agent could improve sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis. The purpose of this review is to highlight the recent achievements of cancer research by use of nanomaterials, in the idea of finding the ideal composite, capable to simultaneous diagnostic and treat cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Bartoş
- a Department of Surgery , "Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor" Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Cluj Napoca , Romania
| | - Dana Bartoş
- b Department of Surgery , "Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor" Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Anatomy and Embryology Department, UMF "Iuliu Haţieganu" , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Bianca Szabo
- c Department of Ophthalmology , Clinical Emergency Hospital Cluj; Anatomy and Embryology Department, UMF "Iuliu Haţieganu" , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Caius Breazu
- d Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care , "Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor" Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, UMF "Iuliu Haţieganu" , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Iulian Opincariu
- e Anatomy and Embryology Department , UMF "Iuliu Haţieganu" , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Aurel Mironiuc
- f Department of Surgery , Clinical Emergency Hospital; Department of Surgery No II, UMF ''Iuliu Haţieganu'' , Cluj Napoca , Romania , and
| | - Cornel Iancu
- g Department of Surgery , " Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor" Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Surgery No III, UMF "Iuliu Haţieganu" , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fröhlich E. Action of Nanoparticles on Platelet Activation and Plasmatic Coagulation. Curr Med Chem 2016; 23:408-30. [PMID: 26063498 PMCID: PMC5403968 DOI: 10.2174/0929867323666160106151428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials can get into the blood circulation after injection or by release from implants but also by permeation of the epithelium after oral, respiratory or dermal exposure. Once in the blood, they can affect hemostasis, which is usually not intended. This review addresses effects of biological particles and engineered nanomaterials on hemostasis. The role of platelets and coagulation in normal clotting and the interaction with the immune system are described. Methods to identify effects of nanomaterials on clotting and results from in vitro and in vivo studies are summarized and the role of particle size and surface properties discussed. The literature overview showed that mainly pro-coagulative effects of nanomaterials have been described. In vitro studies suggested stronger effects of smaller than of larger NPs on coagulation and a greater importance of material than of surface charge. For instance, carbon nanotubes, polystyrene particles, and dendrimers inferred with clotting independent from their surface charge. Coating of particles with polyethylene glycol was able to prevent interaction with clotting by some particles, while it had no effect on others and the more recently developed bio-inspired surfaces might help to design coatings for more biocompatible particles. The mainly pro-coagulative action of nanoparticles could present a particular risk for individuals affected by common diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Under standardized conditions, in vitro assays using human blood appear to be a suitable tool to study mechanisms of interference with hemostasis and to optimize hemocompatibility of nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University Graz, Stiftingtalstr 24, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shen CH, Lin TY, Huang WY, Chen HJ, Kao CH. Pneumoconiosis increases the risk of peripheral arterial disease: a nationwide population-based study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e911. [PMID: 26020403 PMCID: PMC4616412 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study was used to evaluate the association between pneumoconiosis and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). We identified 3374 patients with pneumoconiosis from the catastrophic illness registry who were newly diagnosed from 2000 to 2005; 13,496 patients without pneumoconiosis from Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000 (LHID2000) were randomly frequency matched according to sex, age, and index year and used as a nonpneumoconiosis group. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of PAD in the pneumoconiosis group compared with the nonpneumoconiosis group. The mean follow-up years were 7.44 years in the pneumoconiosis group and 8.17 years in the nonpneumoconiosis group. The incidence density rate of PAD was 1.25 times greater in the pneumoconiosis group than in the nonpneumoconiosis group (8.37 vs 6.70 per 1000 person-years). After adjusting for sex, age, and comorbidities, the adjusted HRs of PAD for the pneumoconiosis group were 1.30 (95% CI = 1.08-1.57), compared with the nonpneumoconiosis group. The combined impacts of patients with pneumoconiosis and diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma showed a significant by joint association with PAD risk compared with patients with no pneumoconiosis and no counterpart comorbidity. Patients with pneumoconiosis have an independently higher risk of developing PAD. Physicians should include pneumoconiosis in evaluating PAD risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Shen
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (C-HS), Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine (T-YL), Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Radiation Oncology (W-YH), Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei; Management Office for Health Data (H-JC), China Medical University Hospital; College of Medicine (H-JC), China Medical University, Taichung; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science (C-HK), College of Medicine, China Medical University; and Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center (C-HK), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Samuel SP, Santos-Martinez MJ, Medina C, Jain N, Radomski MW, Prina-Mello A, Volkov Y. CdTe quantum dots induce activation of human platelets: implications for nanoparticle hemocompatibility. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:2723-34. [PMID: 25897218 PMCID: PMC4396453 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s78281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
New nanomaterials intended for systemic administration have raised concerns regarding their biocompatibility and hemocompatibility. Quantum dots (QD) nanoparticles have been used for diagnostics, and recent work suggests their use for in vivo molecular and cellular imaging. However, the hemocompatibility of QDs and their constituent components has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, comprehensive investigation of QD–platelet interactions is presented. These interactions were shown using transmission electron microscopy. The effects of QDs on platelet function were investigated using light aggregometry, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation, flow cytometry, and gelatin zymography. Platelet morphology was also analyzed by phase-contrast, immunofluorescence, atomic-force and transmission electron microscopy. We show that the QDs bind to platelet plasma membrane with the resultant upregulation of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa and P-selectin receptors, and release of matrix metalloproteinase-2. These findings unravel for the first time the mechanism of functional response of platelets to ultrasmall QDs in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Samuel
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maria J Santos-Martinez
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ; School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carlos Medina
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Namrata Jain
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marek W Radomski
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adriele Prina-Mello
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ; AMBER and CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yuri Volkov
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ; AMBER and CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Luyts K, Smulders S, Napierska D, Van Kerckhoven S, Poels K, Scheers H, Hemmeryckx B, Nemery B, Hoylaerts MF, Hoet PHM. Pulmonary and hemostatic toxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and zinc oxide nanoparticles after pulmonary exposure in Bmal1 knockout mice. Part Fibre Toxicol 2014; 11:61. [PMID: 25394423 PMCID: PMC4234845 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-014-0061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) may affect, in addition to pulmonary toxicity, the cardiovascular system such as procoagulant effects, vascular dysfunction and progression of atherosclerosis. However, only few studies have investigated hemostatic effects after pulmonary exposure. METHODS We used Bmal1 (brain and muscle ARNT-like protein-1) knockout (Bmal1(-/-)) mice which have a disturbed circadian rhythm and procoagulant phenotype, to study the pulmonary and hemostatic toxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs after subacute pulmonary exposure. Bmal1(-/-) and wild-type (Bmal1(+/+)) mice were exposed via oropharyngeal aspiration, once a week, during 5 consecutive weeks, to a cumulative dose of 32 or 128 μg MWCNTs or 32 or 64 μg ZnO NPs. RESULTS MWCNTs caused a pronounced inflammatory response in the lung with increased cell counts in the broncho-alveolar lavage and increased secretion of interleukin-1β and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemo-attractant (KC), oxidative stress (increased ratio of oxidized versus reduced glutathione and decreased total glutathione) as well as anemic and procoagulant effects as evidenced by a decreased prothrombin time with increased fibrinogen concentrations and coagulation factor (F)VII. In contrast, the ZnO NPs seemed to suppress the inflammatory (decreased neutrophils in Bmal1(-/-) mice) and oxidative response (increased total glutathione in Bmal1(-/-) mice), but were also procoagulant with a significant increase of FVIII. The procoagulant effects, as well as the significant correlations between the pulmonary endpoints (inflammation and oxidative stress) and hemostasis parameters were more pronounced in Bmal1(-/-) mice than in Bmal1(+/+) mice. CONCLUSIONS The Bmal1(-/-) mouse is a sensitive animal model to study the procoagulant effects of engineered NPs. The MWCNTs and ZnO NPs showed different pulmonary toxicity but both NPs induced procoagulant effects, suggesting different mechanisms of affecting hemostasis. However, the correlation analysis suggests a causal association between the observed pulmonary and procoagulant effects.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- ARNTL Transcription Factors/genetics
- ARNTL Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Air Pollutants/chemistry
- Air Pollutants/toxicity
- Anemia, Hemolytic/chemically induced
- Anemia, Hemolytic/immunology
- Anemia, Hemolytic/metabolism
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemistry
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/toxicity
- Coagulants/administration & dosage
- Coagulants/chemistry
- Coagulants/toxicity
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Hemolysis/drug effects
- Inflammation Mediators/agonists
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Inhalation Exposure/adverse effects
- Lung/drug effects
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Metal Nanoparticles/administration & dosage
- Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry
- Metal Nanoparticles/toxicity
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Nanotubes, Carbon/chemistry
- Nanotubes, Carbon/toxicity
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Pneumonia/chemically induced
- Pneumonia/immunology
- Pneumonia/metabolism
- Respiratory Mucosa/drug effects
- Respiratory Mucosa/immunology
- Respiratory Mucosa/metabolism
- Thrombophilia/chemically induced
- Thrombophilia/immunology
- Thrombophilia/metabolism
- Toxicity Tests, Subacute
- Zinc Oxide/administration & dosage
- Zinc Oxide/chemistry
- Zinc Oxide/toxicity
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Luyts
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Stijn Smulders
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Dorota Napierska
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Soetkin Van Kerckhoven
- Department of Cardiovascular sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Katrien Poels
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Laboratory for Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Hans Scheers
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Bianca Hemmeryckx
- Department of Cardiovascular sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ben Nemery
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Marc F Hoylaerts
- Department of Cardiovascular sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Peter H M Hoet
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen S, Zhang C, Jia G, Duan J, Wang S, Zhang J. Size-dependent cytotoxicity of europium doped NaYF ₄ nanoparticles in endothelial cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 43:330-42. [PMID: 25175221 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped sodium yttrium fluoride (NaYF4) nanoparticles exhibit novel optical properties which make them be widely used in various fields. The extensive applications increase the chance of human exposure to these nanoparticles and thus raise deep concerns regarding their riskiness. In the present study, we have synthesized europium doped NaYF4 (NaYF4:Eu(3+)) nanoparticles with three diameters and used endothelial cells (ECs) as a cell model to explore the potential toxic effect. The cell viability, cytomembrane integrity, cellular uptake, intracellular localization, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), apoptosis detection, caspase-3 activity and expression of inflammatory gene were studied. The results indicated that these nanoparticles could be uptaken into ECs and decrease the cell viability, induce the intracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, increase the ROS level, and decrease the cell MMP in a size-dependent manner. Besides that, the cells were suffered to apoptosis with the caspase-3 activation, and the inflammation specific gene expressions (ICAM1 and VCAM1) were also increased. Our results suggest that the damage pathway may be related to the ROS generation and mitochondrial damage. The results provide novel evidence to elucidate their toxicity mechanisms and may be helpful for more rational applications of these compounds in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shizhu Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Cuimiao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Guang Jia
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Jianlei Duan
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Shuxiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China.
| | - Jinchao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nemmar A, Albarwani S, Beegam S, Yuvaraju P, Yasin J, Attoub S, Ali BH. Amorphous silica nanoparticles impair vascular homeostasis and induce systemic inflammation. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:2779-89. [PMID: 24936130 PMCID: PMC4047982 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s52818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphous silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are being used in biomedical, pharmaceutical, and many other industrial applications entailing human exposure. However, their potential vascular and systemic pathophysiologic effects are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the acute (24 hours) systemic toxicity of intraperitoneally administered 50 nm and 500 nm SiNPs in mice (0.5 mg/kg). Both sizes of SiNPs induced a platelet proaggregatory effect in pial venules and increased plasma concentration of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Elevated plasma levels of von Willebrand factor and fibrinogen and a decrease in the number of circulating platelets were only seen following the administration of 50 nm SiNPs. The direct addition of SiNPs to untreated mouse blood significantly induced in vitro platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent fashion, and these effects were more pronounced with 50 nm SiNPs. Both sizes of SiNPs increased lactate dehydrogenase activity and interleukin 1β concentration. However, tumor necrosis factor α concentration was only increased after the administration of 50 nm SiNPs. Nevertheless, plasma markers of oxidative stress, including 8-isoprostane, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase, were not affected by SiNPs. The in vitro exposure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells to SiNPs showed a reduced cellular viability, and more potency was seen with 50 nm SiNPs. Both sizes of SiNPs caused a decrease in endothelium-dependent relaxation of isolated small mesenteric arteries. We conclude that amorphous SiNPs cause systemic inflammation and coagulation events, and alter vascular reactivity. Overall, the effects observed with 50 nm SiNPs were more pronounced than those with 500 nm SiNPs. These findings provide new insight into the deleterious effect of amorphous SiNPs on vascular homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahim Nemmar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sulayma Albarwani
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Sumaya Beegam
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Priya Yuvaraju
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Javed Yasin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samir Attoub
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Badreldin H Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Sultanate of Oman
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Napierska D, Quarck R, Thomassen LCJ, Lison D, Martens JA, Delcroix M, Nemery B, Hoet PH. Amorphous silica nanoparticles promote monocyte adhesion to human endothelial cells: size-dependent effect. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:430-438. [PMID: 23042701 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201201033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that nanoparticles can induce endothelial dysfunction. Here, the effect of monodisperse amorphous silica nanoparticles (SiO(2)-NPs) of different diameters on endothelial cells function is examined. Human endothelial cell line (EA.hy926) or primary human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (hPAEC) are seeded in inserts introduced or not above triple cell co-cultures (pneumocytes, macrophages, and mast cells). Endothelial cells are incubated with SiO(2)-NPs at non-cytotoxic concentrations for 12 h. A significant increase (up to 2-fold) in human monocytes adhesion to endothelial cells is observed for 18 and 54 nm particles. Exposure to SiO(2)-NPs induces protein expression of adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) as well as significant up-regulation in mRNA expression of ICAM-1 in both endothelial cell types. Experiments performed with fluorescent-labelled monodisperse amorphous SiO(2)-NPs of similar size evidence nanoparticle uptake into the cytoplasm of endothelial cells. It is concluded that exposure of human endothelial cells to amorphous silica nanoparticles enhances their adhesive properties. This process is modified by the size of the nanoparticle and the presence of other co-cultured cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Napierska
- Department of Public Health, Center for Environment and Health, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nemmar A, Al-Salam S, Zia S, Marzouqi F, Al-Dhaheri A, Subramaniyan D, Dhanasekaran S, Yasin J, Ali BH, Kazzam EE. Contrasting actions of diesel exhaust particles on the pulmonary and cardiovascular systems and the effects of thymoquinone. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 164:1871-82. [PMID: 21501145 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01442.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Acute exposure to particulate air pollution has been linked to acute cardiopulmonary events, but the underlying mechanisms are uncertain. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We investigated the acute (at 4 and 18 h) effects of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) on cardiopulmonary parameters in mice and the protective effect of thymoquinone, a constituent of Nigella sativa. Mice were given, intratracheally, either saline (control) or DEP (30 µg·per mouse). KEY RESULTS At 18 h (but not 4 h) after giving DEP, there was lung inflammation and loss of lung function. At both 4 and 18 h, DEP caused systemic inflammation characterized by leucocytosis, increased IL-6 concentrations and reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was decreased only at 18 h. DEP reduced platelet numbers and aggravated in vivo thrombosis in pial arterioles. In vitro, addition of DEP (0.1-1 µg·mL(-1)) to untreated blood-induced platelet aggregation. Pretreatment of mice with thymoquinone prevented DEP-induced decrease of SBP and leucocytosis, increased IL-6 concentration and decreased plasma SOD activity. Thymoquinone also prevented the decrease in platelet numbers and the prothrombotic events but not platelet aggregation in vitro. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS At 4 h after DEP exposure, the cardiovascular changes did not appear to result from pulmonary inflammation but possibly from the entry of DEP and/or their associated components into blood. However, at 18 h, DEP induced significant changes in pulmonary and cardiovascular functions along with lung inflammation. Pretreatment with thymoquinone prevented DEP-induced cardiovascular changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahim Nemmar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Santos-Martinez MJ, Inkielewicz-Stepniak I, Medina C, Rahme K, D'Arcy DM, Fox D, Holmes JD, Zhang H, Radomski MW. The use of quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) for studying nanoparticle-induced platelet aggregation. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:243-55. [PMID: 22275839 PMCID: PMC3263416 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s26679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between blood platelets and nanoparticles have both pharmacological and toxicological significance and may lead to platelet activation and aggregation. Platelet aggregation is usually studied using light aggregometer that neither mimics the conditions found in human microvasculature nor detects microaggregates. A new method for the measurement of platelet microaggregation under flow conditions using a commercially available quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) has recently been developed. The aim of the current study was to investigate if QCM-D could be used for the measurement of nanoparticle-platelet interactions. Silica, polystyrene, and gold nanoparticles were tested. The interactions were also studied using light aggregometry and flow cytometry, which measured surface abundance of platelet receptors. Platelet activation was imaged using phase contrast and scanning helium ion microscopy. QCM-D was able to measure nanoparticle-induced platelet microaggregation for all nanoparticles tested at concentrations that were undetectable by light aggregometry and flow cytometry. Microaggregates were measured by changes in frequency and dissipation, and the presence of platelets on the sensor surface was confirmed and imaged by phase contrast and scanning helium ion microscopy.
Collapse
|
26
|
Emmerechts J, Hoylaerts MF. The effect of air pollution on haemostasis. Hamostaseologie 2011; 32:5-13. [PMID: 22009166 DOI: 10.5482/ha-1179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient environmental air pollutants include gaseous and particulate components. In polluted air, especially particulate matter seems responsible for cardiovascular complications: It consists of a heterogeneous mixture of solid and liquid particles with different diameters ranging from large thoracic to ultrafine particles, with a diameter <100 nm. Ultrafines can penetrate deeply into the lung to deposit in the alveoli. Cardiovascular manifestations result both from short-term and long-term exposure and have been linked to interference with the autonomic nervous system, direct translocation into the systemic circulation, pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress. Thrombotic complications associated with air pollution comprise arterial and probably venous thrombogenicity. This review describes the existing epidemiological and experimental evidence to explain the rapid induction of myocardial infarction within 1-2 hours after exposure to polluted air and advances several explanations as to why more chronic exposure will lead to enhanced venous thrombogenicity. Mechanisms such as platelet activation, endothelial dysfunction, coagulation factor changes and microvesicle production are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Emmerechts
- Marc Hoylaerts, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cytotoxicity of silica nanoparticles through exocytosis of von Willebrand factor and necrotic cell death in primary human endothelial cells. Biomaterials 2011; 32:8385-93. [PMID: 21840590 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-induced endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, due to the induction of inflammation and/or the activation of the coagulation system, is associated with pulmonary and ischemic cardiovascular diseases. Although it is contigent on several mechanisms, involving formation of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 and 8, the involvement of the coagulation system is not well understood. The results of toxicity assays using the tetrazolium reduction (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release showed that silica NP-induced cytotoxicity depends on the size and the dose of applied NP. Moreover, propidium iodide (PI) stainings and caspase 3/7 assays identified increased necrosis in ECs. Exposing human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to SiO(2) NP with diameters of 304 nm and 310 nm led to significant increase of Weibel-Palade body (WPB) exocytosis, associated with the release of von Willebrand factor (VWF) and the formation of ultralarge fibers (ULVWF). High resolution microscopy techniques revealed that internalization and perinuclear localization of perylene-labeled NP with a size of 310 nm affect not only viability, but also cell migration and proliferation. In conclusion, our data indicate that NP-induced activation and dysfunction of ECs is reflected by release of VWF and necrotic cell death.
Collapse
|
28
|
Ellingsen DG, Ulvestad B, Andersson L, Barregard L. Pneumoproteins and inflammatory biomarkers in asphalt pavers. Biomarkers 2010; 15:498-507. [PMID: 20528258 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2010.490305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Pneumoproteins, biomarkers of systemic inflammation and endothelial activation were studied across a season in 72 asphalt pavers, 32 asphalt plant operators and 19 asphalt engineers. Smokers had lower concentrations of Clara cell protein (CC-16) and surfactant protein A, but higher concentrations of surfactant protein D, interleukin 6, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 than non-smokers. Smokers reporting wheezing had lower mean CC-16 concentration than smokers not reporting wheezing (5.7 vs 8.6 microg l(-1); p = 0.05). Cholesterol, P-selectin and ICAM-1 were lower in pavers and operators at the end compared with the start of the season. This may be related to increased physical activity during the season.
Collapse
|
29
|
Lo Re S, Dumoutier L, Couillin I, Van Vyve C, Yakoub Y, Uwambayinema F, Marien B, van den Brûle S, Van Snick J, Uyttenhove C, Ryffel B, Renauld JC, Lison D, Huaux F. IL-17A-producing gammadelta T and Th17 lymphocytes mediate lung inflammation but not fibrosis in experimental silicosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:6367-77. [PMID: 20421647 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
IL-17-producing T lymphocytes play a crucial role in inflammation, but their possible implication in fibrosis remains to be explored. In this study, we examined the involvement of these cells in a mouse model of lung inflammation and fibrosis induced by silica particles. Upregulation of IL-17A was associated with the development of experimental silicosis, but this response was markedly reduced in athymic, gammadelta T cell-deficient or CD4(+) T cell-depleted mice. In addition, gammadelta T lymphocytes and CD4(+) T cells, but not macrophages, neutrophils, NK cells or CD8 T cells, purified from the lungs of silicotic mice markedly expressed IL-17A. Depletion of alveolar macrophages or neutralization of IL-23 reduced upregulation of IL-17A in the lung of silicotic mice. IL-17R-deficient animals (IL-17R(-/-)) or IL-17A Ab neutralization, but not IL-22(-/-) mice, developed reduced neutrophil influx and injury during the early lung response to silica. However, chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and TGF-beta expression induced by silica were not attenuated in the absence of IL-17R or -22 or after IL-17A Ab blockade. In conclusion, a rapid lung recruitment of IL-17A-producing T cells, mediated by macrophage-derived IL-23, is associated with experimental silicosis in mice. Although the acute alveolitis induced by silica is IL-17A dependent, this cytokine appears dispensable for the development of the late inflammatory and fibrotic lung responses to silica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Lo Re
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Saadat S, Sadeghian S, Hamidian R, Najafi M. Air Pollution and In-Hospital Mortality of Ischemic Heart Disease Patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2010.117.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
31
|
Nair MB, Varma HK, John A. Platelet-rich plasma and fibrin glue-coated bioactive ceramics enhance growth and differentiation of goat bone marrow-derived stem cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:1619-31. [PMID: 19072085 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
New biotechnologies such as tissue engineering require functionally active cells within supportive matrices where the physical and chemical stimulus provided by the matrix is indispensable to determine the cellular behavior. This study has investigated the influence of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and fibrin glue (FG) on the functional activity of goat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (gBMSCs) that differentiated into the osteogenic lineage. To achieve this goal, PRP and FG were separately coated on bioactive ceramics like hydroxyapatite (HA) and silica-coated HA (HASi), on which gBMSCs were seeded and induced to differentiate into the osteogenic lineage for 28 days. The cells were then analyzed for viability (lactate dehydrogenase assay: acridine orange and ethidium bromide staining), morphology (scanning electron microscopy), proliferation (picogreen assay), cell cycle assay (propidium iodide staining), and differentiation (alkaline phosphatase [ALP] activity and real-time PCR analysis of ALP, osteocalcin, and osteopontin gene). It has been observed that PRP and FG have appreciably favored the viability, spreading, and proliferation of osteogenic-induced gBMSCs. The osteopontin and osteocalcin expression was significantly enhanced on PRP- and FG-coated HA and HASi, but PRP had effect on neither ALP expression nor ALP activity. The results of this study have depicted that FG-coated ceramics were better than PRP-coated and bare matrices. Among all, the excellent performance was shown by FG coated HASi, which may be attributed to the communal action of the stimulus emanated by Si in HASi and the temporary extracellular matrix provided by FG over HASi. Thus, we can conclude that PRP or FG in combination with bioactive ceramics could possibly enhance the functional activity of cells to a greater extent, promoting the hybrid composite as a promising candidate for bone tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manitha B Nair
- Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Flagellum-mediated biofilm defense mechanisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa against host-derived lactoferrin. Infect Immun 2009; 77:4559-66. [PMID: 19651866 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00075-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection with the gram-negative organism Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in human patients, despite high doses of antibiotics used to treat the various diseases this organism causes. These infections are chronic because P. aeruginosa readily forms biofilms, which are inherently resistant to antibiotics as well as the host's immune system. Our laboratory has been investigating specific mutations in P. aeruginosa that regulate biofilm bacterial susceptibility to the host. To continue our investigation of the role of genetics in bacterial biofilm host resistance, we examined P. aeruginosa biofilms that lack the flgK gene. This mutant lacks flagella, which results in defects in early biofilm development (up to 36 h). For these experiments, the flgK-disrupted strain and the parental strain (PA14) were used in a modified version of the 96-well plate microtiter assay. Biofilms were challenged with freshly isolated human leukocytes for 4 to 6 h and viable bacteria enumerated by CFU. Subsequent to the challenge, both mononuclear cells (monocytes and lymphocytes) and neutrophils, along with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), were required for optimal killing of the flgK biofilm bacteria. We identified a cytokine cross talk network between mononuclear cells and neutrophils that was essential to the production of lactoferrin and bacterial killing. Our data suggest that TNF-alpha is secreted from mononuclear cells, causing neutrophil activation, resulting in the secretion of bactericidal concentrations of lactoferrin. These results extend previous studies of the importance of lactoferrin in the innate immune defense against bacterial biofilms.
Collapse
|
33
|
Ji WJ, Zhou X, Zeng S, Wang SX. ATTENUATION OF SILICA-INDUCED PULMONARY FIBROBLASTS PROLIFERATION BY TAURINE AND NIACIN IN VITRO. Exp Lung Res 2009; 35:198-209. [DOI: 10.1080/01902140802499401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
34
|
Chao J, Wood JG, Gonzalez NC. Alveolar hypoxia, alveolar macrophages, and systemic inflammation. Respir Res 2009; 10:54. [PMID: 19545431 PMCID: PMC2705912 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-10-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases featuring abnormally low alveolar PO2 are frequently accompanied by systemic effects. The common presence of an underlying inflammatory component suggests that inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of the systemic effects of alveolar hypoxia. While the role of alveolar macrophages in the immune and defense functions of the lung has been long known, recent evidence indicates that activation of alveolar macrophages causes inflammatory disturbances in the systemic microcirculation. The purpose of this review is to describe observations in experimental animals showing that alveolar macrophages initiate a systemic inflammatory response to alveolar hypoxia. Evidence obtained in intact animals and in primary cell cultures indicate that alveolar macrophages activated by hypoxia release a mediator(s) into the circulation. This mediator activates perivascular mast cells and initiates a widespread systemic inflammation. The inflammatory cascade includes activation of the local renin-angiotensin system and results in increased leukocyte-endothelial interactions in post-capillary venules, increased microvascular levels of reactive O2 species; and extravasation of albumin. Given the known extrapulmonary responses elicited by activation of alveolar macrophages, this novel phenomenon could contribute to some of the systemic effects of conditions featuring low alveolar PO2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chao
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nemmar A, Dhanasekaran S, Yasin J, Ba-Omar H, Fahim MA, Kazzam EE, Ali BH. Evaluation of the direct systemic and cardiopulmonary effects of diesel particles in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Toxicology 2009; 262:50-6. [PMID: 19463885 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2009.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Revised: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent data suggest that ultrafine pollutant particles (diameter <0.1microm) may pass from the lung into the systemic circulation. However, the systemic and cardiorespiratory effects of translocated particles are not well known. In this study, we determined the direct acute (24h) effect of the systemic administration of 0.01mg/kg and 0.02mg/kg diesel exhaust particles (DEP) on systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and both systemic and pulmonary inflammation in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Compared to the blood pressure in control group, rats exposed to DEP exhibited a dose-dependent increase in systolic blood pressure, at 0.01mg/kg (P<0.05) and 0.02mg/kg (P<0.01). Likewise, the heart rate was also dose-dependently increased at 0.01mg/kg (P:NS) and 0.02mg/kg (P<0.01) compared to control SHR. DEP exposure (0.02mg/kg) significantly elevated the number of leukocytes in blood (P<0.05), interleukin-6 (IL-6, P<0.005), tumor necrosis factor alpha (P<0.05) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4, P<0.005) concentrations in plasma. Moreover, in SHR given 0.02mg/kg, the number of platelet was significantly reduced (P<0.05), whereas the tail bleeding time was prolonged (P<0.05). Pulmonary inflammations were confirmed by the presence of a significant increase in the number of macrophages (0.02mg/kg) and neutrophils (0.01 and 0.02mg/kg) and protein contents (0.02mg/kg) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) compared to saline-treated SHR. Also, IL-6 (0.01mg/kg; P<0.05 and 0.02mg/kg; P<0.01), LTB4 (0.02mg/kg; P<0.05) concentrations in BAL and the superoxide dismutase activity (0.02mg/kg; P=0.01) were significantly elevated compared to control group. We conclude that, in SHR, the presence of DEP in the systemic circulation leads not only to cardiac and systemic changes, but also triggers pulmonary inflammatory reaction involving IL-6, LTB4 and oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahim Nemmar
- Department of Physiology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Napierska D, Thomassen LCJ, Rabolli V, Lison D, Gonzalez L, Kirsch-Volders M, Martens JA, Hoet PH. Size-dependent cytotoxicity of monodisperse silica nanoparticles in human endothelial cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2009; 5:846-53. [PMID: 19288475 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200800461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The effect that monodisperse amorphous spherical silica particles of different sizes have on the viability of endothelial cells (EAHY926 cell line) is investigated. The results indicate that exposure to silica nanoparticles causes cytotoxic damage (as indicated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release) and a decrease in cell survival (as determined by the tetrazolium reduction, MTT, assay) in the EAHY926 cell line in a dose-related manner. Concentrations leading to a 50% reduction in cell viability (TC(50)) for the smallest particles tested (14-, 15-, and 16-nm diameter) ranging from 33 to 47 microg cm(-2) of cell culture differ significantly from values assessed for the bigger nanoparticles: 89 and 254 microg cm(-2) (diameter of 19 and 60 nm, respectively). Two fine silica particles with diameters of 104 and 335 nm show very low cytotoxic response compared to nanometer-sized particles with TC(50) values of 1095 and 1087 microg cm(-2), respectively. The smaller particles also appear to affect the exposed cells faster with cell death (by necrosis) being observed within just a few hours. The surface area of the tested particles is an important parameter in determining the toxicity of monodisperse amorphous silica nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Napierska
- Laboratory of Lung Toxicology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Upadhyay S, Stoeger T, Harder V, Thomas RF, Schladweiler MC, Semmler-Behnke M, Takenaka S, Karg E, Reitmeir P, Bader M, Stampfl A, Kodavanti UP, Schulz H. Exposure to ultrafine carbon particles at levels below detectable pulmonary inflammation affects cardiovascular performance in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Part Fibre Toxicol 2008; 5:19. [PMID: 19055790 PMCID: PMC2612692 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-5-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 12/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to particulate matter is a risk factor for cardiopulmonary disease but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the present study we sought to investigate the cardiopulmonary responses on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) following inhalation of UfCPs (24 h, 172 mug.m-3), to assess whether compromised animals (SHR) exhibit a different response pattern compared to the previously studied healthy rats (WKY). METHODS Cardiophysiological response in SHRs was analyzed using radiotelemetry. Blood pressure (BP) and its biomarkers plasma renin-angiotensin system were also assessed. Lung and cardiac mRNA expressions for markers of oxidative stress (hemeoxygenase-1), blood coagulation (tissue factor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1), and endothelial function (endothelin-1, and endothelin receptors A and B) were analyzed following UfCPs exposure in SHRs. UfCPs-mediated inflammatory responses were assessed from broncho-alveolar-lavage fluid (BALF). RESULTS Increased BP and heart rate (HR) by about 5% with a lag of 1-3 days were detected in UfCPs exposed SHRs. Inflammatory markers of BALF, lung (pulmonary) and blood (systemic) were not affected. However, mRNA expression of hemeoxygenase-1, endothelin-1, endothelin receptors A and B, tissue factor, and plasminogen activator inhibitor showed a significant induction (~2.5-fold; p < 0.05) with endothelin 1 being the maximally induced factor (6-fold; p < 0.05) on the third recovery day in the lungs of UfCPs exposed SHRs; while all of these factors - except hemeoxygenase-1 - were not affected in cardiac tissues. Strikingly, the UfCPs-mediated altered BP is paralleled by the induction of renin-angiotensin system in plasma. CONCLUSION Our finding shows that UfCPs exposure at levels which does not induce detectable pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation, triggers distinct effects in the lung and also at the systemic level in compromised SHRs. These effects are characterized by increased activity of plasma renin-angiotensin system and circulating white blood cells together with moderate increases in the BP, HR and decreases in heart rate variability. This systemic effect is associated with pulmonary, but not cardiac, mRNA induction of biomarkers reflective of oxidative stress; activation of vasoconstriction, stimulation of blood coagulation factors, and inhibition of fibrinolysis. Thus, UfCPs may cause cardiovascular and pulmonary impairment, in the absence of detectable pulmonary inflammation, in individuals suffering from preexisting cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
|
38
|
Mutlu GM, Green D, Bellmeyer A, Baker CM, Burgess Z, Rajamannan N, Christman JW, Foiles N, Kamp DW, Ghio AJ, Chandel NS, Dean DA, Sznajder JI, Budinger GRS. Ambient particulate matter accelerates coagulation via an IL-6-dependent pathway. J Clin Invest 2007; 117:2952-61. [PMID: 17885684 PMCID: PMC1978421 DOI: 10.1172/jci30639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2006] [Accepted: 07/06/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which exposure to particulate matter increases the risk of cardiovascular events are not known. Recent human and animal data suggest that particulate matter may induce alterations in hemostatic factors. In this study we determined the mechanisms by which particulate matter might accelerate thrombosis. We found that mice treated with a dose of well characterized particulate matter of less than 10 microM in diameter exhibited a shortened bleeding time, decreased prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times (decreased plasma clotting times), increased levels of fibrinogen, and increased activity of factor II, VIII, and X. This prothrombotic tendency was associated with increased generation of intravascular thrombin, an acceleration of arterial thrombosis, and an increase in bronchoalveolar fluid concentration of the prothrombotic cytokine IL-6. Knockout mice lacking IL-6 were protected against particulate matter-induced intravascular thrombin formation and the acceleration of arterial thrombosis. Depletion of macrophages by the intratracheal administration of liposomal clodronate attenuated particulate matter-induced IL-6 production and the resultant prothrombotic tendency. Our findings suggest that exposure to particulate matter triggers IL-6 production by alveolar macrophages, resulting in reduced clotting times, intravascular thrombin formation, and accelerated arterial thrombosis. These results provide a potential mechanism linking ambient particulate matter exposure and thrombotic events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan M Mutlu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
"Would you tell me please, which way I ought to go from here," asked Alice. "That depends a good deal on where you want to go to," said the cat. (Lewis Carroll, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland) A large number of epidemiological studies show positive correlations between increasing levels of particulate matter (PM) in urban air and short-term morbidity and mortality for diverse acute cardiopulmonary diseases. Brought about by PM increments, inflammation is thought to exacerbate preexisting inflammatory diseases. Experimental evidence suggests a hierarchical oxidative stress model, in which a weakened antioxidant defense, as observed in disease or induced by inhaled particles, increases the PM ability to cause lung inflammation, accounting for exacerbations that occur in asthmatics and in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. The role of PM-induced inflammation leading to acute cardiovascular events such as arrhythmia, heart failure, and myocardial infarction is more speculative. There is neither clear-cut evidence in humans that inhaled PM could get as far as blood circulation nor that proinflammatory mediators are significantly released from inflamed lung tissues, nor that blood coagulability is critically altered. As a whole, data in humans indicate that short-term inflammatory responses to PM are not always detected; they are usually mild and loosely correlated with functional changes. Among these studies, the diversity of PM characteristics, dose metrics, and endpoints hampers a clear discerning of inflammatory mechanism(s). Thus, the question arises as to whether inflammation represents the mechanism of acute cardiopulmonary PM toxicities in susceptible individuals, or rather an event that may coexist with other relevant mechanism(s). This review article discusses the evidence in humans linking short-term PM increments to inflammation and to exacerbations of cardiopulmonary diseases. Although there is a large amount of data available, there still remains a gulf between the number of epidemiological and panel studies and that of controlled exposures. Research on controlled exposure needs expanding, so that the results of time-series and panel studies will be better understood and short-term standards for human exposure may be more confidently allocated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Scapellato
- Dipartimento di Medicina Ambientale e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nawrot TS, Nemmar A, Nemery B. Update in environmental and occupational medicine 2006. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 175:758-62. [PMID: 17405942 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200702-183up] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tim S Nawrot
- School of Public Health, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Unit of Lung Toxicology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nemmar A, Hoet PHM, Vandervoort P, Dinsdale D, Nemery B, Hoylaerts MF. Enhanced peripheral thrombogenicity after lung inflammation is mediated by platelet-leukocyte activation: role of P-selectin. J Thromb Haemost 2007; 5:1217-26. [PMID: 17403095 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02557.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhaled ultrafine particles trigger peripheral thrombotic complications. METHODS We have analyzed the systemic prothrombotic risk following lung inflammation induced by pulmonary carbon nanotubes (CNTs). RESULTS Intratracheal instillation in Swiss mice of 200 and 400 microg of multiwall ground CNTs triggered substantial lung neutrophil, but not macrophage influx, 24 h later. The detection of circulating platelet-leukocyte conjugates exclusively 6 h after CNT instillation pointed to early but transient activation of circulating platelets. At 24 h, elevated plasma procoagulant microvesicular tissue factor activity was found in CNT-exposed but not in saline-exposed mice. However, at 24 h, both the tail and jugular vein bleeding times were prolonged in CNT-exposed but not in saline-exposed mice, arguing against strong CNT-induced platelet activation at this point. Nevertheless, at 24 h, enhanced peripheral thrombogenicity was detected in CNT-exposed but not in saline-exposed mice, via quantitative photochemically induced carotid artery thrombosis measurements. P-selectin neutralization abrogated platelet-leukocyte conjugate formation and microvesicular tissue factor generation, and abolished the CNT-induced thrombogenicity amplification. In contrast, the weak vascular injury-triggered thrombus formation in saline-treated mice was not affected by P-selectin neutralization at 24 h. CONCLUSIONS The mild CNT-induced lung inflammation translates via rapid but mild and transient activation of platelets into P-selectin-mediated systemic inflammation. Leukocyte activation leads to tissue factor release, in turn eliciting inflammation-induced procoagulant activity and an associated prothrombotic risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Nemmar
- Laboratory of Pneumology (Lung Toxicology), K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is compelling evidence that the immune responses induced by crystalline silica particles are implicated in the development of silicosis. This article reviews recent observations which further delineate how innate and adaptive immunity are involved in this lung disease. RECENT FINDINGS First, silica particles are recognized to have pathogen-associated molecular patterns by the innate immune system. The MARCO receptor expressed on the surface of macrophages appears crucial for the recognition and the uptake of silica as well as the activation of these immune cells in silicosis. Additional data support a major role of inflammation (mast cells, B lymphocytes and TNFalpha) in the development of lung fibrosis but also cancer. Silica-induced acute inflammation is accompanied by thrombosis; strongly suggesting that inhaled silica particles may also induce extrapulmonary lesions. Surprisingly, a pronounced anti-inflammatory reaction may also contribute to silica-induced lung fibrosis in mice and represent an additional etiopathogenic pathway of silicosis. Interestingly, it has been proposed that the pulmonary expression of IL-9 (a T lymphocyte-related interleukin) or Heme oxygenase-1 (an anti-inflammatory molecule) attenuated silicotic disease progression in animals. SUMMARY New pathogenic routes involving innate receptors and antiinflammation as well as new antifibrotic immune mediators have been recently described in experimental silicosis, highlighting new potential therapeutic targets and strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François Huaux
- Unit of Industrial Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Alfaro-Moreno E, Nawrot TS, Nemmar A, Nemery B. Particulate matter in the environment: pulmonary and cardiovascular effects. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2007; 13:98-106. [PMID: 17255799 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0b013e328013f47e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The mechanisms related to adverse respiratory and cardiovascular effects in populations exposed to particulate matter are under debate and different models have been used to further our understanding of the various aspects of those effects. In this review we present some studies that may give new insights into the cellular and systemic mechanisms related to particulate matter toxicity. RECENT FINDINGS Strong epidemiological evidence is now available regarding exposure markers and health effects. This is evident in the correlation between carbon content in macrophages and decrease in lung function, an increase in the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer and postnatal mortality. The role of outdoor temperature and a missing allele for GSTM1 and the impact of these factors on cardiovascular effects are also reported. At the experimental level, the effects of particulate matter and the interactions between different cell types, the role of toll-like receptor-2 and 4, the translocation of particles through cell monolayers and the activation of endothelial cells by particulate matter are also discussed. The role of composition is under intense debate, and different statistical analyses have been proposed. SUMMARY Experimental studies on the effects of particulate matter are giving plausibility to the epidemiological findings, but the possible mechanisms of action are also becoming a hot topic.
Collapse
|
44
|
Alfaro-Moreno E, López-Marure R, Montiel-Dávalos A, Symonds P, Osornio-Vargas AR, Rosas I, Clifford Murray J. E-Selectin expression in human endothelial cells exposed to PM10: the role of endotoxin and insoluble fraction. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2007; 103:221-8. [PMID: 16774750 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2006.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2006] [Revised: 04/21/2006] [Accepted: 05/03/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to PM10 is associated with cardiovascular effects. We evaluated the effects of PM10 on E-Selectin expression and monocytic cell adhesion in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVEC were exposed to PM10 (5-40 microg/cm2) for 6 h, following which surface E-Selectin expression was detected by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The effects of total particles, particles treated with polymixin-B to block the effects of endotoxin, and both soluble and insoluble fractions of particles, were assessed. Incubation with PM10 lead to a concentration-related increase of E-Selectin expression (>seven-fold increase at 40 microg/cm2). Particles pre-treated with polymixin-B inhibited E-Selectin expression to a level slightly higher than untreated particles. An increase in fluorescence was also observed with the insoluble fraction, while the soluble fraction had no significant effect. HUVEC exposed to PM10 were also evaluated for adhesivity of monocytic cells (U937). PM10 strongly increased the adhesion of U937 cells to HUVEC. In conclusion, PM10 induces endothelial cell activation, evidenced by enhanced E-Selectin expression. This activation is manifested functionally as an increase in monocytic cell adhesion. Insoluble components as well as endotoxins appear to be responsible for this activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Alfaro-Moreno
- Division of Basic Investigation, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mattioli-Belmonte M, Natali D, Tosi G, Torricelli P, Totaro I, Zizzi A, Fini M, Sabbatini S, Giavaresi G, Biagini G. Resin-based dentin restorative materials under accelerated ageing: bio-functional behavior. Int J Artif Organs 2007; 29:1000-11. [PMID: 17211822 DOI: 10.1177/039139880602901011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT The aim of the present study was the evaluation of the effect of different polishing and finishing procedures on Filtek Z250 FZ ESPE restorative material. Particularly, the consequence of artificial aging (UV-irradiation) on this resin-based dental material was investigated determining also its outcome on cell behavior. METHODS 96 specimens of restorative material were prepared using a light emitting diode curing unit and randomly divided into four finishing and polishing groups: (I) No treatment (FZ); (II) Identoflex rubbers (ID); (III) Enhance System (EN) and (IV) Sof-Lex Pop-on XT discs (SF). The surface morphology of native and artificially aged materials was assessed with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). FTIR and biological (biocompatibility and bacterial adhesion) analyses were also performed. RESULTS Among all, the ID procedure represented an acceptable compromise for efficiency of polymerization and biocompatibility both before and after artificial ageing. SF and EN techniques showed better interactions with the biological environment. CONCLUSION UV artificial ageing of the tested specimens has shown an acceleration of the surface degrading processes, favoring a possible decrease in the mechanical properties and the release of toxic free radicals. Finishing and polishing procedure seemed to affect the photodegrading pathways, even though no differences among the techniques were observed. As the cytotoxicity of materials undergoing accelerated aging is relevant, further improvement of dental restorative materials are required to limit the long-term biological damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Mattioli-Belmonte
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Innovative Therapies-Histology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhao M, Fernandez LG, Doctor A, Sharma AK, Zarbock A, Tribble CG, Kron IL, Laubach VE. Alveolar macrophage activation is a key initiation signal for acute lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2006; 291:L1018-26. [PMID: 16861385 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00086.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a biphasic inflammatory process. Previous studies indicate that the later phase is neutrophil-dependent and that alveolar macrophages (AMs) likely contribute to the acute phase of lung I/R injury. However, the mechanism is unclear. AMs become activated and produce various cytokines and chemokines in many inflammatory responses, including transplantation. We hypothesize that AMs respond to I/R by producing key cytokines and chemokines and that depletion of AMs would reduce cytokine/chemokine expression and lung injury after I/R. To test this, using a buffer-perfused, isolated mouse lung model, we studied the impact of AM depletion by liposome-clodronate on I/R-induced lung dysfunction/injury and expression of cytokines/chemokines. I/R caused a significant increase in pulmonary artery pressure, wet-to-dry weight ratio, vascular permeability, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 expression, as well as decreased pulmonary compliance, when compared with sham lungs. After AM depletion, the changes in each of these parameters between I/R and sham groups were significantly attenuated. Thus AM depletion protects the lungs from I/R-induced dysfunction and injury and significantly reduces cytokine/chemokine production. Protein expression of TNF-alpha and MCP-1 are positively correlated to I/R-induced lung injury, and AMs are a major producer/initiator of TNF-alpha, MCP-1, and MIP-2. We conclude that AMs are an essential player in the initiation of acute lung I/R injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minqing Zhao
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, P.O. Box 801359, Charlottesville, 22908, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sato T, Takeno M, Honma K, Yamauchi H, Saito Y, Sasaki T, Morikubo H, Nagashima Y, Takagi S, Yamanaka K, Kaneko T, Ishigatsubo Y. Heme oxygenase-1, a potential biomarker of chronic silicosis, attenuates silica-induced lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 174:906-14. [PMID: 16858012 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200508-1237oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a rate-limiting enzyme in heme catabolism, has antioxidative, antiapoptotic, and antiinflammatory activities. We examined whether HO-1 might be involved in silicosis. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether HO-1 can reduce silicosis in mice and humans. METHODS AND MEASUREMENTS Silicosis was studied using a murine model, and in 46 male patients. Serum HO-1 and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (a marker of oxidative stress) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Levels of HO-1 were measured by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. MAIN RESULTS Serum HO-1 levels were significantly elevated in patients with silicosis compared with age-matched control subjects or patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Serum HO-1 levels also correlated inversely with serum 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels and positively with vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second in patients with silicosis. HO-1 was present in the lungs of humans and mice with silicosis, especially at sites of silica particle deposition. In mice, silica exposure was associated with acute leukocyte infiltration, leading to development of silicotic lung lesions. The inflammation was suppressed by treatment with hemin, an inducer of HO-1, and enhanced by zinc protoporphyrin, an inhibitor of HO-1. CONCLUSIONS Pulmonary HO-1 expression is increased in silicosis. HO-1 suppresses reactive oxygen species activity, and subsequent pathologic changes, thereby attenuating disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sato
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Yokohama City University, and Rosai Hospital for Silicosis, Tochigi, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Nawrot T, Nemmar A, Nemery B. Update in environmental and occupational medicine 2005. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 173:948-52. [PMID: 16632634 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.2601010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Nawrot
- Eenheid voor Longtoxicologie Herestraat 49, O and N 706, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
This review summarizes the nature of ambient air pollutants, which are either gaseous or particulate of various sizes, the latter determining their penetration into the body, the smallest even translocating from the lung into the systemic circulation. It presents the epidemiological evidence linking air pollution to overall mortality, cardiovascular mortality and myocardial infarction, making the distinction between acute and chronic exposure to the pollutants. It reviews mechanistic investigations that have evaluated the links among exposure to pollutants, thrombosis, pulmonary inflammation, arterial vasoconstriction and heart rate variability. It concludes by attempting to integrate current epidemiological and mechanistic observations into a pathophysiological framework that links ambient air pollution to acute myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Vermylen
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|