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Lepeule J, Pin I, Boudier A, Quentin J, Lyon-Caen S, Supernant K, Seyve E, Chartier R, Slama R, Siroux V. Pre-natal exposure to NO 2 and PM 2.5 and newborn lung function: An approach based on repeated personal exposure measurements. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 226:115656. [PMID: 36906269 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT While strong evidence supports adverse effects of pre-natal air pollution on child's lung function, previous studies rarely considered fine particulate matter (PM2.5) or the potential role of offspring sex and no study examined the effects of pre-natal PM2.5 on the lung function of the newborn. AIM We examined overall and sex-specific associations of personal pre-natal exposure to PM2.5 and nitrogen (NO2) with newborn lung function measurements. METHODS This study relied on 391 mother-child pairs from the French SEPAGES cohort. PM2.5 and NO2 exposure was estimated by the average concentration of pollutants measured by sensors carried by the pregnant women during repeated periods of one week. Lung function was assessed with tidal breathing analysis (TBFVL) and nitrogen multiple breath washout (N2MBW) test, performed at 7 weeks. Associations between pre-natal exposure to air pollutants and lung function indicators were estimated by linear regression models adjusted for potential confounders, and then stratified by sex. RESULTS Mean exposure to NO2 and PM2.5 during pregnancy was 20.2 μg/m3 and 14.3 μg/m3, respectively. A 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 maternal personal exposure during pregnancy was associated with an adjusted 2.5 ml (2.3%) decrease in the functional residual capacity of the newborn (p-value = 0.11). In females, functional residual capacity was decreased by 5.2 ml (5.0%) (p = 0.02) and tidal volume by 1.6 ml (p = 0.08) for each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5. No association was found between maternal NO2 exposure and newborns lung function. CONCLUSIONS Personal pre-natal PM2.5 exposure was associated with lower lung volumes in female newborns, but not in males. Our results provide evidence that pulmonary effects of air pollution exposure can be initiated in utero. These findings have long term implications for respiratory health and may provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of PM2.5 effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Lepeule
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Isabelle Pin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, 38000, Grenoble, France; Pediatric Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Boudier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, 38000, Grenoble, France; Pediatric Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Joane Quentin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, 38000, Grenoble, France; Pediatric Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Sarah Lyon-Caen
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Karine Supernant
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Emie Seyve
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Remy Slama
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Valérie Siroux
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, 38000, Grenoble, France
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Downward GS, Vermeulen R. Ambient Air Pollution and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in an Analysis of Asian Cohorts. Res Rep Health Eff Inst 2023; 2016:1-53. [PMID: 37424069 PMCID: PMC7266370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Much of what is currently known about the adverse effects of ambient air pollution comes from studies conducted in high-income regions, with relatively low air pollution levels. The aim of the current project is to examine the relationship between exposure to ambient air pollution (as predicted from satellite-based models) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in several Asian cohorts. METHODS Cohorts were recruited from the Asia Cohort Consortium (ACC). The geocoded residences of participants were assigned levels of ambient particulate material with aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) utilizing global satellite-derived models and assigned for the year of enrollment (or closest available year). The association between ambient exposure and mortality was established with Cox proportional hazard models, after adjustment for common confounders. Both single- and two-pollutant models were generated. Model robustness was evaluated, and hazard ratios were calculated for each cohort separately and combined via random effect meta-analysis for pooled risk estimates. RESULTS Six cohort studies from the ACC participated: the Community-based Cancer Screening Program (CBCSCP, Taiwan), the Golestan Cohort Study (Iran), the Health Effects for Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS, Bangladesh), the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study (JPHC), the Korean Multi-center Cancer Cohort Study (KMCC), and the Mumbai Cohort Study (MCS, India). The cohorts represented over 340,000 participants. Mean exposures to PM2.5 ranged from 8 to 58 μg/m3. Mean exposures to NO2 ranged from 7 to 23 ppb. For PM2.5, a positive, borderline nonsignificant relationship was observed between PM2.5 and cardiovascular mortality. Other relationships with PM2.5 tended toward the null in meta-analysis. For NO2, an overall positive relationship was observed between exposure to NO2 and all cancers and lung cancer. A borderline association between NO2 and nonmalignant lung disease was also observed. The findings within individual cohorts remained consistent across a variety of subgroups and alternative analyses, including two-pollutant models. CONCLUSIONS In a pooled examination of cohort studies across Asia, ambient PM2.5 exposure appears to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and ambient NO2 exposure is associated with an increased cancer (and lung cancer) mortality. This project has shown that satellite-derived models of pollution can be used in examinations of mortality risk in areas with either incomplete or missing air pollution monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Downward
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - R Vermeulen
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
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Ramar M, Yano N, Fedulov AV. Intra-Airway Treatment with Synthetic Lipoxin A4 and Resolvin E2 Mitigates Neonatal Asthma Triggered by Maternal Exposure to Environmental Particles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076145. [PMID: 37047118 PMCID: PMC10093944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter in the air exacerbates airway inflammation (AI) in asthma; moreover, prenatal exposure to concentrated urban air particles (CAPs) and diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) predisposes the offspring to asthma and worsens the resolution of AI in response to allergens. We previously tested the hypothesis that such exposure impairs the pathways of specialized proresolving mediators that are critical for resolution and found declined Lipoxin A4 (LxA4) and Resolvin E2 (RvE2) levels in the "at-risk" pups of exposed mothers. Here, we hypothesized that supplementation with synthetic LxA4 or RvE2 via the airway can ameliorate AI after allergen exposure, which has not been tested in models with environmental toxicant triggers. BALB/c newborns with an asthma predisposition resultant from prenatal exposure to CAPs and DEPs were treated once daily for 3 days with 750 ng/mouse of LxA4 or 300 ng/mouse of RvE2 through intranasal instillation, and they were tested with the intentionally low-dose ovalbumin protocol that elicits asthma in the offspring of particle-exposed mothers but not control mothers, mimicking the enigmatic maternal transmission of asthma seen in humans. LxA4 and RvE2 ameliorated the asthma phenotype and improved AI resolution, which was seen as declining airway eosinophilia, lung tissue infiltration, and proallergic cytokine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohankumar Ramar
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Naohiro Yano
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Alexey V Fedulov
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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Chung YL, Laiman V, Tsao PN, Chen CM, Heriyanto DS, Chung KF, Chuang KJ, Chuang HC. Diesel exhaust particles inhibit lung branching morphogenesis via the YAP/TAZ pathway. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160682. [PMID: 36481141 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to air pollution may associated with inhibition of lung development in the child, however the possible mechanism is unclear. We investigated the effects of traffic-related diesel exhaust particle (DEP) exposure on fetal lung branching morphogenesis and elucidate the possible mechanism. Ex vivo fetal lungs collected from ICR mice at an age of 11.5 embryonic (E) days were exposed to DEPs at 0 (control), 10, and 50 μg/mL and branching morphogenesis was measured for 3 days. Normal IMR-90 human fetal lung fibroblast cells were exposed to DEPs at 0 (control), 10, and 50 μg/mL for 24 h. We observed that DEP exposure significantly inhibited lung branching morphogenesis with reduced lung branching ratios and surface areas on day 3. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) showed that DEP increased the inflammatory response and impaired lung development-related gene expressions. DEPs significantly decreased Yes-associated protein (YAP), phosphorylated (p)-YAP, transcriptional coactivator with a PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), and p-TAZ in IMR-90 cells at 10 and 50 μg/mL. Treatment of fetal lungs with the YAP inhibitor, PFI-2, also demonstrated restricted lung branching development similar to that of DEP exposure, with a significantly decreased lung branching ratio on day 3. DEP exposure significantly decreased the lung branching modulators fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), and SOX9 in IMR-90 cells at 10 and 50 μg/mL. Fetal lung immunofluorescence staining showed that DEP decreased SOX2 expression in fibronectin+ fibroblasts. DEP exposure decreased the cellular senescence regulator, p-sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/SIRT1 in IMR-90 cells, with RNA-Seq showing impaired telomere maintenance. DEP exposure impaired fetal lung growth during the pseudoglandular stage through dysregulating the Hippo signaling pathway, causing fibroblast lung branching restriction and early senescence. Prenatal exposure to traffic-related air pollution has adverse effects on fetal lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Chung
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Vincent Laiman
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada - Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Po-Nien Tsao
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; The Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ming Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Didik Setyo Heriyanto
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada - Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kai-Jen Chuang
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Zordão OP, Campolim CM, Yariwake VY, Castro G, Ferreira CKDO, Santos A, Norberto S, Veras MM, Saad MJA, Saldiva PHN, Kim YB, Prada PO. Maternal exposure to air pollution alters energy balance transiently according to gender and changes gut microbiota. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1069243. [PMID: 37082122 PMCID: PMC10112381 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1069243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The timing of maternal exposure to air pollution is crucial to define metabolic changes in the offspring. Here we aimed to determine the most critical period of maternal exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5) that impairs offspring's energy metabolism and gut microbiota composition. Methods Unexposed female and male C57BL/6J mice were mated. PM2.5 or filtered air (FA) exposure occurred only in gestation (PM2.5/FA) or lactation (FA/PM2.5). We studied the offspring of both genders. Results PM2.5 exposure during gestation increased body weight (BW) at birth and from weaning to young in male adulthood. Leptin levels, food intake, Agrp, and Npy levels in the hypothalamus were also increased in young male offspring. Ikbke, Tnf increased in male PM2.5/FA. Males from FA/PM2.5 group were protected from these phenotypes showing higher O2 consumption and Ucp1 in the brown adipose tissue. In female offspring, we did not see changes in BW at weaning. However, adult females from PM2.5/FA displayed higher BW and leptin levels, despite increased energy expenditure and thermogenesis. This group showed a slight increase in food intake. In female offspring from FA/PM2.5, BW, and leptin levels were elevated. This group displayed higher energy expenditure and a mild increase in food intake. To determine if maternal exposure to PM2.5 could affect the offspring's gut microbiota, we analyzed alpha diversity by Shannon and Simpson indexes and beta diversity by the Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) in offspring at 30 weeks. Unlike males, exposure during gestation led to higher adiposity and leptin maintenance in female offspring at this age. Gestation exposure was associated with decreased alpha diversity in the gut microbiota in both genders. Discussion Our data support that exposure to air pollution during gestation is more harmful to metabolism than exposure during lactation. Male offspring had an unfavorable metabolic phenotype at a young age. However, at an older age, only females kept more adiposity. Ultimately, our data highlight the importance of controlling air pollution, especially during gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Pizetta Zordão
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Science, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Clara Machado Campolim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Science, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Yuji Yariwake
- Laboratory of Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele Castro
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Science, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Andrey Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Science, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Sónia Norberto
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Science, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Matera Veras
- Laboratory of Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario Jose Abdalla Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Science, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva
- Laboratory of Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Patricia Oliveira Prada
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Science, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
- School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Patricia Oliveira Prada, ;
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Yue H, Yang X, Wu X, Geng X, Ji X, Li G, Sang N. Maternal NO 2 exposure disturbs the long noncoding RNA expression profile in the lungs of offspring in time-series patterns. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 246:114140. [PMID: 36209526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gestation is a sensitive window to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure, which may disturb fetal lung development and lung function later in life. Animal and epidemiological studies indicated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in abnormal lung development induced by environmental pollutant exposure. In the present study, pregnant C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 2.5 ppm NO2 (mimicking indoor occupational exposure) or clean air, and lncRNAs expression profiles in the lungs of offspring mice were determined by lncRNA-seq on embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5), E18.5, postnatal day 1 (P1), and P14. The lung histopathology examination of offspring was performed, followed by weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), prediction of lncRNAs-target genes, and the biological processes enrichment analysis of lncRNAs. Our results indicated that maternal NO2 exposure induced hypoalveolarization on P14 and differentially expressed lncRNAs showed a time-series pattern. Following WGCNA and enrichment analysis, 2 modules participated in development-related pathways. Importantly, the expressions of related genes were altered, some of which were confirmed to be related to abnormal vascular development and even lung diseases. The research points out that the maternal NO2 exposure leads to abnormal lung development in offspring that might be related to altered lncRNAs expression profiles with time-series-pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Yue
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
| | - Xiaowen Yang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
| | - Xilin Geng
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
| | - Xiaotong Ji
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China.
| | - Guangke Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
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de Souza Xavier Costa N, Mirtes Teles A, de Brito JM, de Barros Mendes Lopes T, Calciolari Rossi R, Magalhães Arantes Costa F, Mangueira Saraiva-Romanholo B, Perini A, Furuya TK, Germán Murillo Carrasco A, Matera Veras M, Nascimento Saldiva PH, Chammas R, Mauad T. Allergic sensitization and exposure to ambient air pollution beginning early in life lead to a COPD-like phenotype in young adult mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113821. [PMID: 36068749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The perinatal period and early infancy are considered critical periods for lung development. During this period, adversities such as environmental exposures, allergic sensitization, and asthma are believed to impact lung health in adulthood. Therefore, we hypothesized that concomitant exposure to allergic sensitization and urban-derived fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the early postnatal period of mice would cause more profound alterations in lung alveolarization and growth and differently modulate lung inflammation and gene expression than either insult alone in adult life. BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and exposed to PM2.5 from the fifth day of life. Then, we assessed lung responsiveness, inflammation in BALF, lung tissue, and alveolarization by stereology. In addition, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of lung tissue on the 40th day of life. Our results showed that young adult mice submitted to allergic sensitization and exposure to ambient PM2.5 since early life presented decreased lung growth with impaired alveolarization, a mixed neutrophilic-eosinophilic pattern of lung inflammation, increased airway responsiveness, and increased expression of genes linked to neutrophil recruitment when compared to animals that were OVA-sensitized or PM2.5 exposed only. Both, early life allergic sensitization and PM2.5 exposure, induced inflammation and impaired lung growth, but concomitant exposure was associated with worsened inflammation parameters and caused alveolar enlargement. Our experimental data provide pathological support for the hypothesis that allergic or environmental insults in early life have permanent adverse consequences for lung growth. In addition, combined insults were associated with the development of a COPD-like phenotype in young adult mice. Together with our data, current evidence points to the urgent need for healthier environments with fewer childhood disadvantage factors during the critical windows of lung development and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália de Souza Xavier Costa
- Laboratório de Patologia Ambiental e Experimental (LIM05), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aila Mirtes Teles
- Laboratório de Patologia Ambiental e Experimental (LIM05), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jôse Mára de Brito
- Laboratório de Patologia Ambiental e Experimental (LIM05), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaís de Barros Mendes Lopes
- Laboratório de Patologia Ambiental e Experimental (LIM05), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Calciolari Rossi
- Department of Pathology, Universidade do Oeste Paulista UNOESTE, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Magalhães Arantes Costa
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM20), Department of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Mangueira Saraiva-Romanholo
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM20), Department of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adenir Perini
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM20), Department of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Katsue Furuya
- Center of Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexis Germán Murillo Carrasco
- Center of Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Matera Veras
- Laboratório de Patologia Ambiental e Experimental (LIM05), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva
- Laboratório de Patologia Ambiental e Experimental (LIM05), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Center of Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais Mauad
- Laboratório de Patologia Ambiental e Experimental (LIM05), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Amato-Lourenço LF, Dos Santos Galvão L, Wiebeck H, Carvalho-Oliveira R, Mauad T. Atmospheric microplastic fallout in outdoor and indoor environments in São Paulo megacity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153450. [PMID: 35093355 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plastics are widely used by society, and their degradation into millimetre fragments, called microplastics (MPs), has become a global environmental threat to ecosystems and human health. However, airborne MPs' presence and fallout fluxes from the atmosphere are poorly understood and can vary significantly by different conditions, especially in megacities of low- and middle-income countries, where high levels of vehicular air pollution, a high-density population, high plastic use, and inadequate disposal are environmental threats related to airborne MPs. In this study, we investigate the amount, chemical composition, and morphological characteristics of outdoor and indoor airborne MPs fallout in the megacity of São Paulo and assess the influence of weather and seasons on airborne MPs fallout. The results were as follows: MPs were found in all samples with an average fallout rate of 309.40 ± 214.71 MPs/m2/day in the indoor environment, and 123.20 ± 47.09 MPs/m2/day in the outdoor environment; MPs concentrations were higher in the indoor environment than the outdoor environment, with more fibres than particles; polyester fibres (100%), polyethylene (59%) and polypropylene (26%) particles were the dominant polymers indoors, while in outdoors, polyester fibres (76%) and polyethylene (67%) and polyethylene terephthalate (25%) particles were dominant. Fragment was the dominant morphology of particles found in indoor and outdoor samples (64% and 74%, respectively). Outdoor MPs fallout correlated positively with rainfall, wind velocity, and relative humidity. This evidence is the first on airborne MPs in a Latin America megacity and highlights the relevant role that this source plays in different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Fernando Amato-Lourenço
- Department of Pathology (LIM-05), Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Advanced Studies (IEA) Global Cities Program, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Dos Santos Galvão
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Manufactured Goods - Institute for Technological Research (IPT), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Hélio Wiebeck
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Thais Mauad
- Department of Pathology (LIM-05), Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Advanced Studies (IEA) Global Cities Program, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zou ML, Jiang CB, Chen YH, Wu CD, Candice Lung SC, Chien LC, Kallawicha K, Lo YC, Chao HJ. Frequent occurrence of respiratory symptoms in children is associated with exposure to air pollution, land use types, and parental mental health in the Greater Taipei area. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112567. [PMID: 34932981 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although studies have investigated the individual effects of air pollution, land use types, and parental mental health on children's respiratory health, few studies have examined the effects of these risk factors simultaneously in children aged <2 years. We investigated the effects of exposure to air pollution, land use types surrounding residences, and parental mental health on the frequent occurrence of respiratory symptoms in children aged <2 years in the Greater Taipei area. Participants were recruited from an ongoing Taiwanese birth cohort study. We analyzed the data of the participants who had been recruited from January 2011 to April 2014 and had responded to the follow-up questionnaires at 6, 12, and 24 months. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect participants' sociodemographic background and health, such as respiratory symptoms, and parental mental health. Pre- and postnatal pollution levels were estimated using the spatial interpolation technique (ordinary kriging) at children's residential addresses. Land use types surrounding participants' homes were evaluated by performing buffer analysis. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the effects of risk factors on the frequent occurrence of child respiratory symptoms in children aged 6, 12, and 24 months. We included 228, 360, and 441 children aged 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. Our results indicated that postnatal exposure to PM2.5 and O3 was positively associated with children's respiratory symptoms. Traffic-related land-use types, sports facilities, and commercial land surrounding homes exerted adverse effects on children's respiratory symptoms, whereas the presence of schools in the neighborhood was beneficial. Parental mental health was also associated with children's respiratory symptoms. Postnatal exposure to air pollution and land use types surrounding residences were associated with respiratory health in children aged <2 years. The residential environment is a critical factor affecting children's respiratory health of children aged <2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Lun Zou
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Bin Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Chen
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Da Wu
- Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institute, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | | | - Ling-Chu Chien
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kraiwuth Kallawicha
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yu-Chun Lo
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing Jasmine Chao
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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10
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Kumar M, Yano N, Fedulov AV. Gestational exposure to titanium dioxide, diesel exhaust, and concentrated urban air particles affects levels of specialized pro-resolving mediators in response to allergen in asthma-susceptible neonate lungs. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2022; 85:243-261. [PMID: 34802391 PMCID: PMC8785906 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.2000906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Maternal gestational exposures to traffic and urban air pollutant particulates have been linked to increased risk and/or worsening asthma in children; however, mechanisms underlying this vertical transmission are not entirely understood. It was postulated that gestational particle exposure might affect the ability to elicit specialized proresolving mediator (SPM) responses upon allergen encounter in neonates. Lipidomic profiling of 50 SPMs was performed in lungs of neonates born to mice exposed to concentrated urban air particles (CAP), diesel exhaust particles (DEP), or less immunotoxic titanium dioxide particles (TiO2). While asthma-like phenotypes were induced with identical eosinophilia intensity across neonates of all particle-exposed mothers, levels of LXA4, HEPE and HETE isoforms, and HDoHe were only decreased by CAP and DEP only but not by TiO2. However, RvE2 and RvD1 were inhibited by all particles. In contrast, isomers of Maresin1 and Protectin D1 were variably elevated by CAP and DEP, whereas Protectin DX, PGE2, and TxB2 were increased in all groups. Only Protectin D1/DX, MaR1(n-3,DPA), 5(S),15(S)-DiHETE, PGE2, and RvE3 correlated with eosinophilia but the majority of other analytes, elevated or inhibited, showed no marked correlation with inflammation intensity. Evidence indicates that gestational particle exposure leads to both particle-specific and nonspecific effects on the SPM network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Kumar
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University. Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital. 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI, USA. 02903
| | - Naohiro Yano
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University. Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital. 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI, USA. 02903
| | - Alexey V. Fedulov
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University. Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital. 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI, USA. 02903
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11
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Olivo CR, Castro TBP, Riane A, Regonha T, Rivero DHRF, Vieira RP, Saraiva-Romanholo BM, Lopes FDTQS, Tibério IFLC, Martins MA, Prado CM. The effects of exercise training on the lungs and cardiovascular function of animals exposed to diesel exhaust particles and gases. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 203:111768. [PMID: 34339693 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution has been identified as one of the main environmental risks to health. Since exercise training seems to act as an anti-inflammatory modulator, our hypothesis is that exercise training prevents damage to respiratory and cardiovascular function caused by diesel exhaust particle (DEP) exposure. This study aimed to evaluate whether aerobic exercise training prior to DEP exposure prevents inflammatory processes in the pulmonary and cardiovascular systems. Therefore, BALB/C male mice were or were not submitted to a 10-week exercise training protocol (5×/week, 1 h/d), and after four weeks, they were exposed to DEP in a chamber with 24 μg/m3 PM2.5 or filtered air. Heart rate variability, lung mechanics and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, cytokines and polymorphonuclear cells in the lung parenchyma were evaluated. Exposure to DEPs reduced heart rate variability and the elastance of the respiratory system and increased the number of cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, as well as macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes, the density of polymorphonuclear cells and the proportion of collagen fibres in the lung parenchyma. Additionally, DEP-exposed animals showed increased expression of IL-23 and IL-12p40 (proinflammatory cytokines) and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Exercise training avoided the increases in all these inflammatory parameters, except the elastance of the respiratory system, the amount of collagen fibres and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Additionally, trained animals showed increased expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1ra. Although our data showed a reduction in proinflammatory markers and an increase in markers of the anti-inflammatory pathway, these changes were not sufficient to prevent damage to the lung and cardiovascular function induced by DEPs. Based on these data, we propose that aerobic exercise training prevents the lung inflammatory process induced by DEPs, although it was not sufficient to avoid chronic damage, such as a loss of lung function or cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Olivo
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LIM 20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Medical Assistance to the State Public Servant (IAMSPE), Sao Paulo, Brazil; University City of Sao Paulo (UNICID), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Bioscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 11015-020, Brazil.
| | - T B P Castro
- Institute of Medical Assistance to the State Public Servant (IAMSPE), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Riane
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LIM 20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - T Regonha
- University City of Sao Paulo (UNICID), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - D H R F Rivero
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LIM 05), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - R P Vieira
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (LABPEI), Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - B M Saraiva-Romanholo
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LIM 20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Medical Assistance to the State Public Servant (IAMSPE), Sao Paulo, Brazil; University City of Sao Paulo (UNICID), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - F D T Q S Lopes
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LIM 20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - I F L C Tibério
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LIM 20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - M A Martins
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LIM 20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - C M Prado
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LIM 20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Bioscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 11015-020, Brazil
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12
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Schwartz JD, Yitshak-Sade M, Zanobetti A, Di Q, Requia WJ, Dominici F, Mittleman MA. A self-controlled approach to survival analysis, with application to air pollution and mortality. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 157:106861. [PMID: 34507231 PMCID: PMC8490318 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have reported that long-term air pollution exposure is associated with increased mortality rates. These investigations have been criticized for failure to control for omitted, generally personal, confounders. Study designs that are robust to such confounders can address this issue. METHODS We used a self-controlled design for survival analysis. We stratified on each person in the Medicare cohort between 2000 and 2015 who died, and examined whether PM2.5, O3 and NO2 exposures predicted in which follow-up period the death occurred. We used conditional logistic regression stratified on person and controlled for nonlinear terms in calendar year and age. By design slowly varying covariates such as smoking history, BMI, diabetes and other pre-existing conditions, usual alcohol consumption, sex, race, socioeconomic status, and green space were controlled by matching each person to themselves. RESULTS There were 6,452,618 deaths in the study population in the study period. We observed a 5.37% increase in the mortality rate (95% CI 4.67%, 6.08%) for every 5 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, a 1.98% (95% CI 1.61%, 2.36%) increase for 5 ppb increment in O3, and a 2.10% decrease (95% CI 1.88%, 2.33%) for a 5 ppb increase in NO2. When restricted to persons whose PM2.5 exposure never exceeded 12 μg/m3 in any year between 2000 and 2015, the effect size increased for PM2.5 (12.71% (11.30, 14.15)), and the signs of O3 and NO2 reversed (-0.26% (-0.88, 0.35) for O3 and 1.77% increase (1.40, 2.13) for NO2). Effect sizes were larger for Blacks (e.g. 7.71% (5.46, 10.02) for PM2.5). CONCLUSION There is strong evidence that the association between annual exposure to PM2.5 and mortality is not confounded by individual or neighborhood covariates, and continues below the standard. The effects of O3 and NO2 are difficult to disentangle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Schwartz
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, United States; Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, United States.
| | - Ma'ayan Yitshak-Sade
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, United States
| | - Antonella Zanobetti
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, United States
| | - Qian Di
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, United States
| | - Weeberb J Requia
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, United States
| | - Francesca Dominici
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, United States
| | - Murray A Mittleman
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, United States
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13
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Chau B, Witten ML, Cromey D, Chen Y, Lantz RC. Lung developmental is altered after inhalation exposure to various concentrations of calcium arsenate. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 432:115754. [PMID: 34634286 PMCID: PMC8572171 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to dust from active and abandoned mining operations may be a very significant health hazard, especially to sensitive populations. We have previously reported that inhalation of real-world mine tailing dusts during lung development can alter lung function and structure in adult male mice. These real-world dusts contain a mixture of metal(loid)s, including arsenic. To determine whether arsenic in inhaled dust plays a role in altering lung development, we exposed C57Bl/6 mice to a background dust (0 arsenic) or to the background dust containing either 3% or 10% by mass, calcium arsenate. Total level of exposure was kept at 100 μg/m3. Calcium arsenate was selected since arsenate is the predominant species found in mine tailings. We found that inhalation exposure during in utero and postnatal lung development led to significant increases in pulmonary baseline resistance, airway hyper-reactivity, and airway collagen and smooth muscle expression in male C57Bl/6 mice. Responses were dependent on the level of calcium arsenate in the simulated dust. These changes were not associated with increased expression of TGF-β1, a marker of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. However, responses were correlated with decreases in the expression of club cell protein 16 (CC16). Dose-dependent decreases in CC16 expression and increases in collagen around airways was seen for animals exposed in utero only (GD), animals exposed postnatally only (PN) and animals continuously exposed throughout development (GDPN). These data suggest that arsenic inhalation during lung development can decrease CC16 expression leading to functional and structural alterations in the adult lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh Chau
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America.
| | - Mark L Witten
- Phoenix Biometrics, Inc., Tucson, AZ 85710, United States of America
| | - Doug Cromey
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America.
| | - Yin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, United States of America.
| | - R Clark Lantz
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America.
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14
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Effects of intrauterine exposure to concentrated ambient particles on allergic sensitization in juvenile mice. Toxicology 2021; 463:152970. [PMID: 34606951 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine exposure to particulate matter (PM) has been associated with an increased risk of asthma development, which may differ by the age of asthma onset, sex, and pollutant concentration. To investigate the pulmonary effects of in utero exposure to concentrated urban ambient particles (CAPs) in response to house dust mite (HDM) sensitization in juvenile mice. Mice were exposed to CAPs (600 μg/m3 PM2.5) during the gestational period. Twenty-two-day postnatal mice were sensitized with HDM (100 μg, intranasally, 3 times per week). Airway responsiveness (AHR), serum immunoglobulin, and lung inflammation were assessed after 43 days of the postnatal period. Female (n = 47) and male (n = 43) mice were divided into four groups as follows: (1) FA: not exposed to CAPs; (2) CAPs: exposed to CAPs; (3) HDM: sensitized to HDM; and (4) CAPs+HDM: exposed to CAPs and HDM-sensitized. PM2.5 exposure did not worsen lung hyperresponsiveness or allergic inflammation in sensitized animals. The levels of the lung cytokines IL-4, TNF-α, and IL-2 were differentially altered in male and female animals. Males presented hyporesponsiveness and increased lung macrophagic inflammation. There were no epigenetic changes in the IL-4 gene. In conclusion, intrauterine exposure ambient PM2.5 did not worsened allergic pulmonary susceptibility but affected the pulmonary immune profile and lung function, which differed by sex.
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15
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Johnson NM, Hoffmann AR, Behlen JC, Lau C, Pendleton D, Harvey N, Shore R, Li Y, Chen J, Tian Y, Zhang R. Air pollution and children's health-a review of adverse effects associated with prenatal exposure from fine to ultrafine particulate matter. Environ Health Prev Med 2021; 26:72. [PMID: 34253165 PMCID: PMC8274666 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-021-00995-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particulate matter (PM), a major component of ambient air pollution, accounts for a substantial burden of diseases and fatality worldwide. Maternal exposure to PM during pregnancy is particularly harmful to children's health since this is a phase of rapid human growth and development. METHOD In this review, we synthesize the scientific evidence on adverse health outcomes in children following prenatal exposure to the smallest toxic components, fine (PM2.5) and ultrafine (PM0.1) PM. We highlight the established and emerging findings from epidemiologic studies and experimental models. RESULTS Maternal exposure to fine and ultrafine PM directly and indirectly yields numerous adverse birth outcomes and impacts on children's respiratory systems, immune status, brain development, and cardiometabolic health. The biological mechanisms underlying adverse effects include direct placental translocation of ultrafine particles, placental and systemic maternal oxidative stress and inflammation elicited by both fine and ultrafine PM, epigenetic changes, and potential endocrine effects that influence long-term health. CONCLUSION Policies to reduce maternal exposure and health consequences in children should be a high priority. PM2.5 levels are regulated, yet it is recognized that minority and low socioeconomic status groups experience disproportionate exposures. Moreover, PM0.1 levels are not routinely measured or currently regulated. Consequently, preventive strategies that inform neighborhood/regional planning and clinical/nutritional recommendations are needed to mitigate maternal exposure and ultimately protect children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Johnson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | | | - Jonathan C Behlen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Carmen Lau
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Drew Pendleton
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Navada Harvey
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ross Shore
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yixin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jingshu Chen
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yanan Tian
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Renyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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16
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Outdoor Air Pollution and New-Onset Airway Disease. An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021; 17:387-398. [PMID: 32233861 PMCID: PMC7175976 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202001-046st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is well accepted that air pollution exposure exacerbates preexisting airway disease, it has not been firmly established that long-term pollution exposure increases the risk of new-onset asthma or chronic obstruction pulmonary disease (COPD). This Workshop brought together experts on mechanistic, epidemiological, and clinical aspects of airway disease to review current knowledge regarding whether air pollution is a causal factor in the development of asthma and/or COPD. Speakers presented recent evidence in their respective areas of expertise related to air pollution and new airway disease incidence, followed by interactive discussions. A writing committee summarized their collective findings. The Epidemiology Group found that long-term exposure to air pollution, especially metrics of traffic-related air pollution such as nitrogen dioxide and black carbon, is associated with onset of childhood asthma. However, the evidence for a causal role in adult-onset asthma or COPD remains insufficient. The Mechanistic Group concluded that air pollution exposure can cause airway remodeling, which can lead to asthma or COPD, as well as asthma-like phenotypes that worsen with long-term exposure to air pollution, especially fine particulate matter and ozone. The Clinical Group concluded that air pollution is a plausible contributor to the onset of both asthma and COPD. Available evidence indicates that long-term exposure to air pollution is a cause of childhood asthma, but the evidence for a similar determination for adult asthma or COPD remains insufficient. Further research is needed to elucidate the exact biological mechanism underlying incident childhood asthma, and the specific air pollutant that causes it.
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17
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Santos UDP, Arbex MA, Braga ALF, Mizutani RF, Cançado JED, Terra-Filho M, Chatkin JM. Environmental air pollution: respiratory effects. J Bras Pneumol 2021; 47:e20200267. [PMID: 33567063 PMCID: PMC7889311 DOI: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20200267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental air pollution is a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality worldwide. Environmental air pollution has a direct impact on human health, being responsible for an increase in the incidence of and number of deaths due to cardiopulmonary, neoplastic, and metabolic diseases; it also contributes to global warming and the consequent climate change associated with extreme events and environmental imbalances. In this review, we present articles that show the impact that exposure to different sources and types of air pollutants has on the respiratory system; we present the acute effects-such as increases in symptoms and in the number of emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and deaths-and the chronic effects-such as increases in the incidence of asthma, COPD, and lung cancer, as well as a rapid decline in lung function. The effects of air pollution in more susceptible populations and the effects associated with physical exercise in polluted environments are also presented and discussed. Finally, we present the major studies on the subject conducted in Brazil. Health care and disease prevention services should be aware of this important risk factor in order to counsel more susceptible individuals about protective measures that can facilitate their treatment, as well as promoting the adoption of environmental measures that contribute to the reduction of such emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubiratan de Paula Santos
- . Divisão de Pneumologia, Instituto do Coração - InCor - Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP) Brasil
| | - Marcos Abdo Arbex
- . Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Araraquara - UNIARA - Araraquara (SP) Brasil
- . Núcleo de Estudos em Epidemiologia Ambiental, Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Experimental - NEEA-LPAE - Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP) Brasil
| | - Alfésio Luis Ferreira Braga
- . Núcleo de Estudos em Epidemiologia Ambiental, Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Experimental - NEEA-LPAE - Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP) Brasil
- . Grupo de Avaliação de Exposição e Risco Ambiental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Católica de Santos - UNISANTOS - Santos (SP) Brasil
| | - Rafael Futoshi Mizutani
- . Grupo de Doenças Respiratórias Ambientais, Ocupacionais e de Cessação de Tabagismo, Divisão de Pneumologia, Instituto do Coração - InCor - Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP) Brasil
| | | | - Mário Terra-Filho
- . Departamento de Cardiopneumologia, Divisão de Pneumologia, Instituto do Coração - InCor - Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP) Brasil
| | - José Miguel Chatkin
- . Disciplina de Medicina Interna/Pneumologia, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS - Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil
- . Hospital São Lucas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS - Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil
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18
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Rivera Rivera NY, Tamayo-Ortiz M, Mercado García A, Just AC, Kloog I, Téllez-Rojo MM, Wright RO, Wright RJ, Rosa MJ. Prenatal and early life exposure to particulate matter, environmental tobacco smoke and respiratory symptoms in Mexican children. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 192:110365. [PMID: 33223137 PMCID: PMC7736115 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to particulate matter <2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) are associated with respiratory morbidity starting in utero. However, their potential synergistic effects have not been completely elucidated. Here, we examined the joint effects of prenatal and early life PM2.5 and prenatal ETS exposure on respiratory outcomes in children. MATERIAL AND METHODS We studied 536 mother-child dyads in the Programming Research in Obesity, Growth, Environment and Social Stressors (PROGRESS) study in Mexico City. Exposure to PM2.5 was estimated using residence in pregnancy and child's first year of life with a satellite-based spatio-temporal model. ETS exposure was assessed by caregiver's report of any smoker in the household during the second or third trimester. Outcomes included report of ever wheeze and wheeze in the past 12 months (current wheeze) assessed when children were 6-8 years old considered in separate models. Associations were modeled using distributed lag models (DLM) with daily PM2.5 averages for pregnancy and the first year of life, adjusting for child's sex, birth weight z-score, mother's age and education at enrollment, maternal asthma, season of conception and stratified by prenatal ETS exposure (yes/no). RESULTS We identified a sensitive window from gestational week 14 through postnatal week 18 during which PM2.5 was associated with higher risk of ever wheeze at age 6-8 years. We also observed a critical window of PM2.5 exposure between postnatal weeks 6-39 and higher risk of current wheeze. We found significant associations between higher prenatal and early life PM2.5 exposure and higher cumulative risk ratios of ever wheeze (RR:3.76, 95%CI [1.41, 10.0] per 5 μg/m3) and current wheeze in the past year (RR:7.91, 95%CI [1.5, 41.6] per 5 μg/m3) only among children born to mothers exposed to ETS in pregnancy when compared to mothers who were not exposed. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to prenatal ETS modified the association between prenatal and early life PM2.5 exposure and respiratory outcomes at age 6-8 years. It is important to consider concurrent chemical exposures to more comprehensively characterize children's environmental risk. Interventions aimed at decreasing passive smoking might mitigate the effects of ambient air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadya Y Rivera Rivera
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz
- National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT) - National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Adriana Mercado García
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Allan C Just
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. Beer Sheva, Israel; Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martha Maria Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rosalind J Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Kravis Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Maria José Rosa
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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19
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Mishra N, Salvi S, Lyngdoh T, Agrawal A. Low lung function in the developing world is analogous to stunting: a review of the evidence. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:147. [PMID: 33381655 PMCID: PMC7745193 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15929.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Low vital capacity, one of the consequences of restricted lung growth, is a strong predictor of cardiovascular mortality. Vital capacity is lower in the developing world than the developed world, even after adjusting for height, weight and gender. This difference is typically dismissed as ethnic variation, adjusted for by redefining normal. Whether this is a consequence of stunted lung growth, rather than just genetically smaller lungs, has not been investigated in detail. Therefore, we sought to compare factors implicated in both stunting and lung development, particularly in the developing world. Methods: We conducted a manual screen of articles identified through Google Scholar and assessed risk of bias. No language restrictions were applied, so long as there was an associated English abstract. We queried VizHub (Global Burden of Disease Visualization Tool) and Google Dataset search engines for disease burden and genome wide association studies. The scope of the article and the heterogeneity of the outcome measures reported required a narrative review of available evidence. To the extent possible, the review follows PRISMA reporting guidelines. Results: Early life influences operate in synergism with genetic, environmental and nutritional factors to influence lung growth and development in children. Low lung function and stunting have common anthropometric, environmental and nutritional correlates originating during early development. Similar anthropometric correlates shared chronic inflammatory pathways, indicated that the two conditions were analogous. Conclusion: The analogy between poor lung function and stunting is conspicuous in the developing world, with malnutrition at the center of non -achievement of growth potential, susceptibility to infectious diseases and intrauterine programming for metabolic syndrome. This counter the idea of redefining the normal for lung function measurements, since observed inter-ethnic variations are likely a mix of natural genetic differences as well as differences in nurture such that reduced lung function reflects early life adversities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navya Mishra
- Public Health Foundation of India, Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | | | | | - Anurag Agrawal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India.,CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, Delhi, India
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20
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Pasqua LA, Damasceno MV, Cruz R, Matsuda M, Martins MAG, Marquezini MV, Lima-Silva AE, Saldiva PHN, Bertuzzi R. Exercising in the urban center: Inflammatory and cardiovascular effects of prolonged exercise under air pollution. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126817. [PMID: 32339794 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate, in a well-controlled experimental environment, whether air pollution from an urban center would affect inflammatory and cardiorespiratory responses during prolonged moderate exercise (i.e., 90 min). Ten healthy men performed two experimental trials under filtered and polluted air, inside an environmental chamber located in Sao Paulo downtown, Brazil. Blood samples were obtained at rest, 30, 60, and 90 min of the exercise to determine the serum cytokines concentration, while arterial pressure was recorded immediately after the exercise. The serum cytokines were not altered until 60 min of exercise for both conditions (P > 0.05). Otherwise, at 90 min of exercise, the IL-6 (P = 0.047) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (P = 0.026) were significantly higher and IL-10 tended to decrease (P = 0.061) in polluted air condition compared to filtered air condition. In addition, both systolic (P = 0.031) and diastolic (P = 0.009) arterial pressure were higher in polluted air condition than filtered air condition. These findings demonstrate that the exercise of longer duration (i.e., 90 min), but not of shorter duration (i.e., <60 min), performed in vehicular air pollution condition results in pronounced pro-inflammatory and increased arterial pressure responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo A Pasqua
- Endurance Performance Research Group (GEDAE-USP), School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil.
| | - Mayara V Damasceno
- Endurance Performance Research Group (GEDAE-USP), School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; CESMAC University Center, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Ramon Cruz
- Endurance Performance Research Group (GEDAE-USP), School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Monique Matsuda
- Laboratory of Investigation in Ophthalmology (LIM-33), Division of Ophthalmology, University of São Paulo Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco A G Martins
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mônica V Marquezini
- Laboratory of Investigation in Ophthalmology (LIM-33), Division of Ophthalmology, University of São Paulo Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Pro-Sangue Foundation, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano E Lima-Silva
- Human Performance Research Group, Academic Department of Physical Education (DAEFI), Technological Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Paulo H N Saldiva
- Laboratory of Investigation in Ophthalmology (LIM-33), Division of Ophthalmology, University of São Paulo Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Institute of Advanced Studies, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Romulo Bertuzzi
- Endurance Performance Research Group (GEDAE-USP), School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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21
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Goshen S, Novack L, Erez O, Yitshak-Sade M, Kloog I, Shtein A, Shany E. The effect of exposure to particulate matter during pregnancy on lower respiratory tract infection hospitalizations during first year of life. Environ Health 2020; 19:90. [PMID: 32847589 PMCID: PMC7449075 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00645-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in early life, including pneumonia, bronchitis and bronchiolitis, can lead to decreased lung function, persistent lung damage and increased susceptibility to various respiratory diseases such as asthma. In-utero exposure to particulate matter (PM) during pregnancy may disrupt biological mechanisms that regulate fetal growth, maturation and development. We aimed to estimate the association between intrauterine exposure to PM of size < 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) and incidence of LRTIs during the first year of life. METHODS A retrospective population-based cohort study in a population of mothers and infants born in Soroka University Medical Center (SUMC) in the years 2004-2012. All infants < 1 year old that were hospitalized due to LRTIs were included. The main exposure assessment was based on a hybrid model incorporating daily satellite-based predictions at 1 km2 spatial resolution. Data from monitoring stations was used for imputation of main exposure and other pollutants. Levels of environmental exposures were assigned to subjects based on their residential addresses and averaged for each trimester. Analysis was conducted by a multivariable generalized estimating equation (GEE) Poisson regression. Data was analyzed separately for the two main ethnic groups in the region, Jewish and Arab-Bedouin. RESULTS The study cohort included 57,331 deliveries that met the inclusion criteria. Overall, 1871 hospitalizations of infants < 1 year old due to pneumonia or bronchiolitis were documented. In a multivariable analysis, intrauterine exposure to high levels of PM2.5 (> 24 μg/m3) in the first and second trimesters was found to be adversely associated with LRTIs in the Arab-Bedouin population (1st trimester, RR = 1.31, CI 95% 1.08-1.60; 2nd trimester: RR = 1.34, CI 95% 1.09-1.66). CONCLUSION Intrauterine exposure to high levels of PM2.5 is associated with a higher risk of hospitalizations due to lower respiratory tract infections in Arab-Bedouin infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Goshen
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Lena Novack
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Negev Environmental Health Research Institute, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Offer Erez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Soroka University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Maayan Yitshak-Sade
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Alexandra Shtein
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Eilon Shany
- Department of Neonatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Soroka University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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22
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Rice MB, Mein SA. Prenatal Air Pollution and Child Lung Function: The Impossible Search for a Vulnerable Trimester. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202:15-16. [PMID: 32271613 PMCID: PMC7328328 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202003-0764ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mary B Rice
- Department of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBoston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen A Mein
- Department of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBoston, Massachusetts
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Mishra N, Salvi S, Lyngdoh T, Agrawal A. Low lung function in the developing world is analogous to stunting: a review of the evidence. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:147. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15929.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Low vital capacity, one of the consequences of restricted lung growth, is a strong predictor of cardiovascular mortality. Vital capacity is lower in the developing world than the developed world, even after adjusting for height, weight and gender. This difference is typically dismissed as ethnic variation, adjusted for by redefining normal. Whether this is a consequence of stunted lung growth, rather than genetically smaller lungs, has not been investigated in detail. Therefore, we sought to compare factors implicated in both stunting and lung development, particularly in the developing world. Methods: We conducted a manual screen of articles identified through Google Scholar and assessed risk of bias. No language restrictions were applied, so long as there was an associated English abstract. We queried VizHub (Global Burden of Disease Visualization Tool) and Google Dataset search engines for disease burden and genome wide association studies. The scope of the article and the heterogeneity of the outcome measures reported required a narrative review of available evidence. To the extent possible, the review follows PRISMA reporting guidelines. Results: Early life influences operate in synergism with environmental and nutritional factors to influence lung growth and development in children. Low lung function and stunting have common anthropometric, environmental and nutritional correlates originating during early development. Similar anthropometric correlates and shared chronic inflammatory pathways indicated that the two conditions were analogous. Conclusion: The analogy between poor lung function and stunting is conspicuous in the developing world, where malnutrition lies at the center of non -achievement of growth potential, susceptibility to infectious diseases and intrauterine programming for metabolic syndrome. The common pathological mechanisms governing stunting and lung function deficits counter the idea of redefining the normal for lung function measurements.
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24
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Short-term exposure to air pollution (PM 2.5) induces hypothalamic inflammation, and long-term leads to leptin resistance and obesity via Tlr4/Ikbke in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10160. [PMID: 32576879 PMCID: PMC7311527 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study demonstrated that a high-fat diet (HFD), administered for one-three-days, induces hypothalamic inflammation before obesity’s established, and the long term affects leptin signaling/action due to inflammation. We investigate whether exposure to particulate matter of a diameter of ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) in mice fed with a chow diet leads to similar metabolic effects caused by high-fat feeding. Compared to the filtered air group (FA), one-day-exposure-PM2.5 did not affect adiposity. However, five-days-exposure-PM2.5 increased hypothalamic microglia density, toll-like-receptor-4 (Tlr4), and the inhibitor-NF-kappa-B-kinase-epsilon (Ikbke) expression. Concurrently, fat mass, food intake (FI), and ucp1 expression in brown adipose tissue were also increased. Besides, decreased hypothalamic STAT3-phosphorylation and Pomc expression were found after twelve-weeks-exposure-PM2.5. These were accompanied by increased FI and lower energy expenditure (EE), leading to obesity, along with increased leptin and insulin levels and HOMA. Mechanistically, the deletion of Tlr4 or knockdown of the Ikbke gene in the hypothalamus was sufficient to reverse the metabolic outcomes of twelve-weeks-exposure-PM2.5. These data demonstrated that short-term exposure-PM2.5 increases hypothalamic inflammation, similar to a HFD. Long-term exposure-PM2.5 is even worse, leading to leptin resistance, hyperphagia, and decreased EE. These effects are most likely due to chronic hypothalamic inflammation, which is regulated by Tlr4 and Ikbke signaling.
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25
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Yu W, Guo Y, Shi L, Li S. The association between long-term exposure to low-level PM2.5 and mortality in the state of Queensland, Australia: A modelling study with the difference-in-differences approach. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003141. [PMID: 32555635 PMCID: PMC7302440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, few studies have investigated the causal relationship between mortality and long-term exposure to a low level of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations. METHODS AND FINDINGS We studied 242,320 registered deaths in Queensland between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2013, with satellite-retrieved annual average PM2.5 concentrations to each postcode. A variant of difference-in-differences (DID) approach was used to investigate the association of long-term PM2.5 exposure with total mortality and cause-specific (cardiovascular, respiratory, and non-accidental) mortality. We observed 217,510 non-accidental deaths, 133,661 cardiovascular deaths, and 30,748 respiratory deaths in Queensland during the study period. The annual average PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 1.6 to 9.0 μg/m3, which were well below the current World Health Organization (WHO) annual standard (10 μg/m3). Long-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with increased total mortality and cause-specific mortality. For each 1 μg/m3 increase in annual PM2.5, we found a 2.02% (95% CI 1.41%-2.63%; p < 0.01) increase in total mortality. Higher effect estimates were observed in Brisbane than those in Queensland for all types of mortality. A major limitation of our study is that the DID design is under the assumption that no predictors other than seasonal temperature exhibit different spatial-temporal variations in relation to PM2.5 exposure. However, if this assumption is violated (e.g., socioeconomic status [SES] and outdoor physical activities), the DID design is still subject to confounding. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with total, non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality in Queensland, Australia, where PM2.5 levels were measured well below the WHO air quality standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Liuhua Shi
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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26
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Yue H, Ji X, Ku T, Li G, Sang N. Sex difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia of offspring in response to maternal PM 2.5 exposure. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 389:122033. [PMID: 32004849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effects of fine particulate matters (PM2.5) on respiratory diseases start in utero. In order to investigate whether maternal PM2.5 exposure could lead to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in offspring, PM2.5 was collected in Taiyuan, Shanxi, China during the annual heating period. Mice were mated and gestation day 0 (GD0) was considered the day on which a vaginal plug was observed. The plug-positive mice received 3 mg/kg b.w. PM2.5 by oropharyngeal aspiration every other day starting on GD0 and throughout the gestation period. Offspring were sacrificed at postnatal days (PNDs) 1, 7, 14 and 21. We assessed some typical BPD-like symptoms in offspring. The results showed that maternal PM2.5 exposure caused low birth weight, hypoalveolarization, decreased angiogenesis, suppressed production of secretory and surfactant proteins, and increased inflammation in the lungs of male offspring. However, maternal PM2.5 exposure induced only hypoalveolarization and inflammation in the lungs of female offspring. Furthermore, these alterations were reversed during postnatal development. Our results demonstrated that maternal exposure to PM2.5 caused reversible BPD-related consequences in offspring, and male offspring were more sensitive than females. However, these alterations were reversed during postnatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Yue
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Xiaotong Ji
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Tingting Ku
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Guangke Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
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27
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Wang B, Chen H, Chan YL, Wang G, Oliver BG. Why Do Intrauterine Exposure to Air Pollution and Cigarette Smoke Increase the Risk of Asthma? Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:38. [PMID: 32117969 PMCID: PMC7012803 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of childhood asthma is increasing worldwide and increased in utero exposure to environmental toxicants may play a major role. As current asthma treatments are not curative, understanding the mechanisms underlying the etiology of asthma will allow better preventative strategies to be developed. This review focuses on the current understanding of how in utero exposure to environmental factors increases the risk of developing asthma in children. Epidemiological studies show that maternal smoking and particulate matter exposure during pregnancy are prominent risk factors for the development of childhood asthma. We discuss the changes in the developing fetus due to reduced oxygen and nutrient delivery affected by intrauterine environmental change. This leads to fetal underdevelopment and abnormal lung structure. Concurrently an altered immune response and aberrant epithelial and mesenchymal cellular function occur possibly due to epigenetic reprograming. The sequelae of these early life events are airway remodeling, airway hyperresponsiveness, and inflammation, the hallmark features of asthma. In summary, exposure to inhaled oxidants such as cigarette smoking or particulate matter increases the risk of childhood asthma and involves multiple mechanisms including impaired fetal lung development (structural changes), endocrine disorders, abnormal immune responses, and epigenetic modifications. These make it challenging to reduce the risk of asthma, but knowledge of the mechanisms can still help to develop personalized medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoming Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yik Lung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Brian G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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28
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Moreira AR, Pereira de Castro TB, Kohler JB, Ito JT, de França Silva LE, Lourenço JD, Almeida RR, Santana FR, Brito JM, Rivero DHRF, Vale MICA, Prado CM, Câmara NOS, Saldiva PHN, Olivo CR, Lopes FDTQDS. Chronic exposure to diesel particles worsened emphysema and increased M2-like phenotype macrophages in a PPE-induced model. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228393. [PMID: 32004356 PMCID: PMC6993960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to ambient levels of air pollution induces respiratory illness exacerbation by increasing inflammatory responses and apoptotic cells in pulmonary tissues. The ineffective phagocytosis of these apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) by macrophages has been considered an important factor in these pathological mechanisms. Depending on microenvironmental stimuli, macrophages can assume different phenotypes with different functional actions. M1 macrophages are recognized by their proinflammatory activity, whereas M2 macrophages play pivotal roles in responding to microorganisms and in efferocytosis to avoid the progression of inflammatory conditions. To verify how exposure to air pollutants interferes with macrophage polarization in emphysema development, we evaluated the different macrophage phenotypes in a PPE- induced model with the exposure to diesel exhaust particles. C57BL/6 mice received intranasal instillation of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) to induce emphysema, and the control groups received saline. Both groups were exposed to diesel exhaust particles or filtered air for 60 days according to the groups. We observed that both the diesel and PPE groups had an increase in alveolar enlargement, collagen and elastic fibers in the parenchyma and the number of macrophages, lymphocytes and epithelial cells in BAL, and these responses were exacerbated in animals that received PPE instillation prior to exposure to diesel exhaust particles. The same response pattern was found inCaspase-3 positive cell analysis, attesting to an increase in cell apoptosis, which is in agreement with the increase in M2 phenotype markers, measured by RT-PCR and flow cytometry analysis. We did not verify differences among the groups for the M1 phenotype. In conclusion, our results showed that both chronic exposure to diesel exhaust particles and PPE instillation induced inflammatory conditions, cell apoptosis and emphysema development, as well as an increase in M2 phenotype macrophages, and the combination of these two factors exacerbated these responses. The predominance of the M2-like phenotype likely occurred due to the increased demand for efferocytosis. However, M2 macrophage activity was ineffective, resulting in emphysema development and worsening of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyne Riani Moreira
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LIM 20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thamyres Barros Pereira de Castro
- Institute of Medical Assistance to the State Public Servant (IAMSPE), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- University City of Sao Paulo (UNICID), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Júlia Benini Kohler
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LIM 20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Tiyaki Ito
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LIM 20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Dias Lourenço
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LIM 20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Ribeiro Almeida
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Heart Institute (InCor) School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jose Mara Brito
- Department of Pathology (LIM 5), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carla Máximo Prado
- Department of Bioscience, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Santos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LIM 16), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Clarice Rosa Olivo
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LIM 20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Medical Assistance to the State Public Servant (IAMSPE), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- University City of Sao Paulo (UNICID), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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29
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Lee AG, Kaali S, Quinn A, Delimini R, Burkart K, Opoku-Mensah J, Wylie BJ, Yawson AK, Kinney PL, Ae-Ngibise KA, Chillrud S, Jack D, Asante KP. Prenatal Household Air Pollution Is Associated with Impaired Infant Lung Function with Sex-Specific Effects. Evidence from GRAPHS, a Cluster Randomized Cookstove Intervention Trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 199:738-746. [PMID: 30256656 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201804-0694oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Approximately 2.8 billion people are exposed daily to household air pollution from polluting cookstoves. The effects of prenatal household air pollution on lung development are unknown. OBJECTIVES To prospectively examine associations between prenatal household air pollution and infant lung function and pneumonia in rural Ghana. METHODS Prenatal household air pollution exposure was indexed by serial maternal carbon monoxide personal exposure measurements. Using linear regression, we examined associations between average prenatal carbon monoxide and infant lung function at age 30 days, first in the entire cohort (n = 384) and then stratified by sex. Quasi-Poisson generalized additive models explored associations between infant lung function and pneumonia. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Multivariable linear regression models showed that average prenatal carbon monoxide exposure was associated with reduced time to peak tidal expiratory flow to expiratory time (β = -0.004; P = 0.01), increased respiratory rate (β = 0.28; P = 0.01), and increased minute ventilation (β = 7.21; P = 0.05), considered separately, per 1 ppm increase in average prenatal carbon monoxide. Sex-stratified analyses suggested that girls were particularly vulnerable (time to peak tidal expiratory flow to expiratory time: β = -0.003, P = 0.05; respiratory rate: β = 0.36, P = 0.01; minute ventilation: β = 11.25, P = 0.01; passive respiratory compliance normalized for body weight: β = 0.005, P = 0.01). Increased respiratory rate at age 30 days was associated with increased risk for physician-assessed pneumonia (relative risk, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-1.04) and severe pneumonia (relative risk, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-1.08) in the first year of life. CONCLUSIONS Increased prenatal household air pollution exposure is associated with impaired infant lung function. Altered infant lung function may increase risk for pneumonia in the first year of life. These findings have implications for future respiratory health. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 01335490).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison G Lee
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Seyram Kaali
- 2 Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Brong Ahafo Region, Kintampo, Ghana
| | - Ashlinn Quinn
- 3 Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rupert Delimini
- 4 Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Health and Allied Services, Volta Region, Ghana
| | - Katrin Burkart
- 5 Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Jones Opoku-Mensah
- 2 Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Brong Ahafo Region, Kintampo, Ghana
| | - Blair J Wylie
- 6 Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massacusetts
| | - Abena Konadu Yawson
- 2 Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Brong Ahafo Region, Kintampo, Ghana
| | - Patrick L Kinney
- 7 Department of Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Kenneth A Ae-Ngibise
- 2 Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Brong Ahafo Region, Kintampo, Ghana
| | - Steven Chillrud
- 8 Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University, Palisades, New York
| | - Darby Jack
- 5 Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Kwaku Poku Asante
- 2 Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Brong Ahafo Region, Kintampo, Ghana
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Yue H, Ji X, Li G, Hu M, Sang N. Maternal Exposure to PM 2.5 Affects Fetal Lung Development at Sensitive Windows. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:316-324. [PMID: 31872757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Lung development continues from the embryonic period to adulthood. Previous epidemiological studies have noted that maternal exposure of atmospheric pollutants during the sensitive windows disturbed the lung development and increased the risk of lung diseases after birth, but the experimental evidence was insufficient. In the present study, we exposed plug-positive mice to PM2.5 (3 mg/kg b.w.) by oropharyngeal aspiration every other day, and intended to test whether maternal PM2.5 exposure affected prenatal lung development in the offspring. First, maternal PM2.5 exposure decreased embryo weight and crown-rump length at E18.5 but not in earlier developmental stages (E0-E16.5). Second, maternal PM2.5 exposure did not prevent lung-bud and tracheal specification, and did not cause abnormalities in branching morphogenesis, distal lung epithelium, and mesenchyme differentiation in earlier stages of lung development (E0-E16.5). However, the exposure significantly disturbed the distal lung epithelium and mesenchyme differentiation of lung, led to reduced intact rings of trachea, and suppressed the expression of lung development-related genes (Nkx2.1, Tbx4, Tbx5, and Sox9) at E18.5. Finally, we found that the exposure not only increased PM2.5-bound metal content (Pb and Cu) but also caused inflammatory response in the placenta, which transmitted from the mother to the fetus and contributed to the developmental abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Yue
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotong Ji
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
| | - Guangke Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
| | - Meng Hu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, P. R. China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
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What is the impact of outdoor pollution on children's asthma? Arch Pediatr 2019; 26:487-491. [PMID: 31685409 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Outdoor pollution is a complex mix of more than 200 air contaminants. Among these pollutants, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and fine particles may generate bronchial inflammation and hyperreactivity. The hypothesis that pollution contributes to the development of asthma in children is based on epidemiological, clinical and experimental data. Many risk factors during the in utero and postnatal period have been identified in the aetiology of childhood asthma. During pregnancy, outdoor pollution was identified as a causal factor of respiratory disease in neonatal cohort studies. Several epidemiological studies also demonstrate that outdoor pollution is a trigger of asthma exacerbations. This review aims to highlight the current knowledge on outdoor pollution and asthma.
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Timmerman T, de Brito JM, de Almeida NM, de Almeida FM, Arantes-Costa FM, Guimaraes ET, Lichtenfels AJFC, Rivero DHRF, de Oliveira RC, de Lacerda JPA, Moraes JM, Pimental DA, Saraiva-Romanholo BM, Saldiva PHN, Vieira RDP, Mauad T. Inflammatory and functional responses after (bio)diesel exhaust exposure in allergic sensitized mice. A comparison between diesel and biodiesel. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 253:667-679. [PMID: 31330358 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Many cities fail to meet air quality standards, which results in increased risk for pulmonary disorders, including asthma. Human and experimental studies have shown that diesel exhaust (DE) particles are associated with worsening of allergic asthma. Biodiesel (BD), a cleaner fuel from renewable sources, was introduced in the eighties. Because of the reduction in particulate matter (PM) emissions, BD was expected to cause fewer adverse pulmonary effects. However, only limited data on the effect of BD emissions in asthma are available. OBJECTIVE Determine whether BD exhaust exposure in allergic sensitized mice leads to different effects on inflammatory and functional responses compared to DE exposure. METHODS Balb/C mice were orotracheally sensitized with House Dust Mite (HDM) or a saline solution with 3 weekly instillations. From day 9 until day 17 after sensitization, they were exposed daily to filtered air (FA), DE and BD exhaust (concentration: 600 μg/m3 PM2.5). Lung function, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell counts, cytokine levels (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-17, TNF-α, TSLP) in the BALF, peribronchiolar eosinophils and parenchymal macrophages were measured. RESULTS HDM-sensitized animals presented increased lung elastance (p = 0.046), IgG1 serum levels (p = 0.029), peribronchiolar eosinophils (p = 0.028), BALF levels of total cells (p = 0.020), eosinophils (p = 0.028), IL-5 levels (p = 0.002) and TSLP levels (p = 0.046) in BALF. DE exposure alone increased lung elastance (p = 0.000) and BALF IL-4 levels (p = 0.045), whereas BD exposure alone increased BALF TSLP levels (p = 0.004). BD exposure did not influence any parameters after HDM challenge, while DE exposed animals presented increased BALF levels of total cells (p = 0.019), lymphocytes (p = 0.000), neutrophils (p = 0.040), macrophages (p = 0.034), BALF IL-4 levels (p = 0.028), and macrophagic inflammation in the lung tissue (p = 0.037), as well as decreased IgG1 (p = 0.046) and IgG2 (p = 0.043) levels when compared to the HDM group. CONCLUSION The results indicate more adverse pulmonary effects of DE compared to BD exposure in allergic sensitized animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirza Timmerman
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Air Pollution Laboratory, LIM 05 - Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jôse Mára de Brito
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Air Pollution Laboratory, LIM 05 - Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Natalia Madureira de Almeida
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Air Pollution Laboratory, LIM 05 - Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Francine Maria de Almeida
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics - LIM 20, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Magalhães Arantes-Costa
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics - LIM 20, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Eliane Tigre Guimaraes
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Air Pollution Laboratory, LIM 05 - Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Julia Faria Coimbra Lichtenfels
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Air Pollution Laboratory, LIM 05 - Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Regiani Carvalho de Oliveira
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Air Pollution Laboratory, LIM 05 - Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Jamille Moreira Moraes
- Technological Research Institute of São Paulo - IPT, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Danilo Augusto Pimental
- Technological Research Institute of São Paulo - IPT, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Beatriz Mangueira Saraiva-Romanholo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics - LIM 20, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Air Pollution Laboratory, LIM 05 - Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rodolfo de Paula Vieira
- Brazil University, Post-graduation Program in Bioengineering, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Thais Mauad
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Air Pollution Laboratory, LIM 05 - Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Estimating the causal effect of annual PM 2.5 exposure on mortality rates in the Northeastern and mid-Atlantic states. Environ Epidemiol 2019; 3:e052. [PMID: 31538134 PMCID: PMC6693936 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dozens of cohort studies have associated particulate matter smaller than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) exposure with early deaths, and the Global Burden of Disease identified PM2.5 as the fifth-ranking mortality risk factor in 2015. However, few studies have used causal modeling techniques. We assessed the effect of annual PM2.5 exposure on all-cause mortality rates among the Medicare population in the Northeastern and mid-Atlantic states, using the difference-in-differences approach for causal modeling. Methods We obtained records of Medicare beneficiaries 65 years of age or more who reside in the Northeastern or mid-Atlantic states from 2000 to 2013 and followed each participant from the year of enrollment to the last year of follow-up. We estimated the causal effect of annual PM2.5 exposure on mortality rates using the difference-in-differences approach in the Poisson survival analysis. We controlled for individual confounders, for spatial differences using dummy variables for each ZIP code and for time trends using a penalized spline of year. Results We included 112,376,805 person-years from 15,401,064 people, of whom 37.4% died during the study period. The interquartile range (IQR) of the annual PM2.5 concentration was 3 µg/m3, and the mean annual PM2.5 concentration ranged between 6.5 and 14.5 µg/m3 during the study period. An IQR incremental increase in PM2.5 was associated with a 4.04% increase (95% CI = 3.49%, 4.59%) in mortality rates. Conclusions Assuming no omitted predictors changing differently across ZIP codes over time in correlation with PM2.5, we found a causal effect of PM2.5 on mortality incidence rate.
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Wang M, Nie Y, Liu Y, Dai H, Wang J, Si B, Yang Z, Cheng L, Liu Y, Chen S, Xu A. Transgenerational effects of diesel particulate matter on Caenorhabditis elegans through maternal and multigenerational exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 170:635-643. [PMID: 30579164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Diesel particulate matter (DPM) is a dominant contaminant in fine particulate matters (PM2.5) and has been proved to induce serious harmful effects to human beings, including lung cancer, allergic, and chronic bronchitis. However, little attention has been paid to understand the transgenerational effects of DPM. In the present study, we focused on the transgenerational effects of DPM in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) exposed in either maternal generation (F0) or consecutive generations (F0-F5). In maternal exposure manner, 0.1 and 1.0 µg/mL DPM significantly increased the germ cell apoptosis at F0 generation, while the number of apoptotic germ cells at F1-F5 generation were gradually recovered back to control level. The brood size were significantly reduced by DPM at F2 generation and recovered to control level at F3-F5 generations. In continuous exposure manner, although 0.1 and 1.0 µg/mL DPM induced significant germ cell apoptosis in F0 generation, there was no difference between F0 and other generations. Continuous exposure to DPM at 0.1 and 1.0 µg/mL impaired the brood size in F2 to F5 generations. Using a series of loss-of-function mutant strains, we found that cep-1 (w40), hus-1 (op241), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) related signaling pathway genes were involved in DPM-induced apoptosis. Our results clearly demonstrated that the adverse effects of DPM could be passed on through long-term multigenerational exposure and DNA damage checkpoint genes and MAPK signal pathway played an essential role in response to DPM induced development and reproduction toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudi Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Yaguang Nie
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China; Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Hui Dai
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Bo Si
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Yun Liu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China
| | - Shaopeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China
| | - An Xu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China; Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China.
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Fine particulate matter exposure during pregnancy and infancy and incident asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 143:2254-2262.e5. [PMID: 30959062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung development is a multistage process from conception to the postnatal period, disruption of which by air pollutants can trigger later respiratory morbidity. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the effects of weekly average fine particulate matter (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm [PM2.5]) exposure during pregnancy and infancy on asthma and identify vulnerable times to help elucidate possible mechanisms of the effects of PM2.5 on asthma symptoms. METHODS A birth cohort study including 184,604 children born during 2004-2011 in Taichung City was retrieved from the Taiwan Maternal and Child Health Database and followed until 2014. A daily satellite-based hybrid model was applied to estimate PM2.5 exposure for each subject. A Cox proportional hazard model combined with a distributed lag nonlinear model was used to evaluate the associations of asthma with PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy and infancy. RESULTS The birth cohort contained 34,336 asthmatic patients, and the mean age of children given a diagnosis of asthma was 3.39 ± 1.78 years. Increased exposure to PM2.5 during gestational weeks 6 to 22 and 9 to 46 weeks after birth were significantly associated with an increased incidence of asthma. The exposure-response relationship indicated that the hazard ratio (HR) of asthma increased steeply at PM2.5 exposure of greater than 93 μg/m3 during pregnancy. Additionally, the HRs remained significant with postnatal exposure to PM2.5 between 26 and 72 μg/m3 (range, 1.01-1.07 μg/m3), followed by a sharp increase in HRs at PM2.5 exposure of greater than 73 μg/m3. CONCLUSION Both prenatal and postnatal exposures to PM2.5 were associated with later development of asthma. The vulnerable time windows might be within early gestation and midgestation and infancy.
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Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) induces oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory response via up-regulating the expression of CYP1A1/1B1 in human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 839:40-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Witten ML, Chau B, Sáez E, Boitano S, Clark Lantz R. Early life inhalation exposure to mine tailings dust affects lung development. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 365:124-132. [PMID: 30641074 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to mine tailings dust from active and abandoned mining operations may be a very significant health hazard, especially to sensitive populations living in arid and semi-arid climates like the desert southwest of the US. It is anticipated that early life exposures during sensitive times of development can lead to adult disease. However, very few studies have investigated the effects of inhalation exposure to real world dusts during lung development. Using a mouse model, we have examined the effect(s) of inhalation of real world mine tailing dusts under three separate conditions: (1) Exposure only during in utero development (exposure of the pregnant moms) (2) exposure only after birth and (3) exposures that occurred continuously during in utero development, through gestation and birth until the mice reached adulthood (28 days old). We found that the most significant changes in lung structure and function were observed in male mice when exposure occurred continuously throughout development. These changes included increased airway hyper-reactivity, increased expression of epithelial to mesenchymal (EMT) transition protein markers and increased expression of cytokines related to eosinophils. The data also indicate that in utero exposures through maternal inhalation can prime the lung of male mice for more severe responses to subsequent postnatal exposures. This may be due to epigenetic alterations in gene regulation, immune response, molecular signaling, and growth factors involved in lung development that may make the neonatal lung more susceptible to continued dust exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Witten
- Phoenix Biometrics, Inc., Tucson, AZ 85710, United States
| | - Binh Chau
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States.
| | - Eduardo Sáez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, United States.
| | - Scott Boitano
- Department of Physiology, The Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States.
| | - R Clark Lantz
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States.
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Schwartz JD, Wang Y, Kloog I, Yitshak-Sade M, Dominici F, Zanobetti A. Estimating the Effects of PM 2.5 on Life Expectancy Using Causal Modeling Methods. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2018; 126:127002. [PMID: 30675798 PMCID: PMC6371682 DOI: 10.1289/ehp3130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many cohort studies have reported associations between PM2.5 and the hazard of dying, but few have used formal causal modeling methods, estimated marginal effects, or directly modeled the loss of life expectancy. OBJECTIVE Our goal was to directly estimate the effect of PM2.5 on the distribution of life span using causal modeling techniques. METHODS We derived nonparametric estimates of the distribution of life expectancy as a function of PM2.5 using data from 16,965,154 Medicare beneficiaries in the Northeastern and mid-Atlantic region states (129,341,959 person-years of follow-up and 6,334,905 deaths). We fit separate inverse probability-weighted logistic regressions for each year of age to estimate the risk of dying at that age given the average PM2.5 concentration at each subject's residence ZIP code in the same year, and we used Monte Carlo simulations to estimate confidence intervals. RESULTS The estimated mean age at death for a population with an annual average PM2.5 exposure of 12 μg/m3 (the 2012 National Ambient Air Quality Standard) was 0.89 y less (95% CI: 0.88, 0.91) than estimated for a counterfactual PM2.5 exposure of 7.5 μg/m3. In comparison, life expectancy at 65 y of age increased by 0.9 y between 2004 and 2013 in the United States. We estimated that 23.5% of the Medicare population would die before 76 y of age if exposed to PM2.5 at 12 μg/m3 compared with 20.1% if exposed to an annual average of 7.5 μg/m3. CONCLUSIONS We believe that this is the first study to directly estimate the effect of PM2.5 on the distribution of age at death using causal modeling techniques to control for confounding. We find that reducing PM2.5 concentrations below the 2012 U.S. annual standard would substantially increase life expectancy in the Medicare population. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3130.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ma'ayan Yitshak-Sade
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francesca Dominici
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Antonella Zanobetti
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Schraufnagel DE, Balmes JR, Cowl CT, De Matteis S, Jung SH, Mortimer K, Perez-Padilla R, Rice MB, Riojas-Rodriguez H, Sood A, Thurston GD, To T, Vanker A, Wuebbles DJ. Air Pollution and Noncommunicable Diseases: A Review by the Forum of International Respiratory Societies' Environmental Committee, Part 1: The Damaging Effects of Air Pollution. Chest 2018; 155:409-416. [PMID: 30419235 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution poses a great environmental risk to health. Outdoor fine particulate matter (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm) exposure is the fifth leading risk factor for death in the world, accounting for 4.2 million deaths and > 103 million disability-adjusted life years lost according to the Global Burden of Disease Report. The World Health Organization attributes 3.8 million additional deaths to indoor air pollution. Air pollution can harm acutely, usually manifested by respiratory or cardiac symptoms, as well as chronically, potentially affecting every organ in the body. It can cause, complicate, or exacerbate many adverse health conditions. Tissue damage may result directly from pollutant toxicity because fine and ultrafine particles can gain access to organs, or indirectly through systemic inflammatory processes. Susceptibility is partly under genetic and epigenetic regulation. Although air pollution affects people of all regions, ages, and social groups, it is likely to cause greater illness in those with heavy exposure and greater susceptibility. Persons are more vulnerable to air pollution if they have other illnesses or less social support. Harmful effects occur on a continuum of dosage and even at levels below air quality standards previously considered to be safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean E Schraufnagel
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.
| | - John R Balmes
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Clayton T Cowl
- Divisions of Preventive, Occupational, and Aerospace Medicine, and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Sara De Matteis
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Soon-Hee Jung
- Department of Pathology, Wonju Colleage of Medicine Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kevin Mortimer
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mary B Rice
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Akshay Sood
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM
| | - George D Thurston
- Departments of Environmental Medicine and Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Teresa To
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anessa Vanker
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health & MRC Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Donald J Wuebbles
- School of Earth, Society, and Environment, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
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de Oliveira AAF, de Oliveira TF, Dias MF, Medeiros MHG, Di Mascio P, Veras M, Lemos M, Marcourakis T, Saldiva PHN, Loureiro APM. Genotoxic and epigenotoxic effects in mice exposed to concentrated ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) from São Paulo city, Brazil. Part Fibre Toxicol 2018; 15:40. [PMID: 30340610 PMCID: PMC6194750 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-018-0276-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Metropolitan Area of São Paulo has a unique composition of atmospheric pollutants, and positive correlations between exposure and the risk of diseases and mortality have been observed. Here we assessed the effects of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on genotoxic and global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation changes, as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes, in tissues of AJ mice exposed whole body to ambient air enriched in PM2.5, which was concentrated in a chamber near an avenue of intense traffic in São Paulo City, Brazil. RESULTS Mice exposed to concentrated ambient PM2.5 (1 h daily, 3 months) were compared to in situ ambient air exposed mice as the study control. The concentrated PM2.5 exposed group presented increased levels of the oxidized nucleoside 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine in lung and kidney DNA and increased levels of the etheno adducts 1,N6-etheno-2'-deoxyadenosine and 1,N2-etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine in kidney and liver DNA, respectively. Apart from the genotoxic effects, the exposure to PM2.5 led to decreased levels of the epigenetic mark 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) in lung and liver DNA. Changes in lung, liver, and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities were also observed. Decreased glutathione reductase and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were observed in the lungs, while the liver presented increased glutathione S-transferase and decreased SOD activities. An increase in SOD activity was also observed in erythrocytes. These changes are consistent with the induction of local and systemic oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Mice exposed daily to PM2.5 at a concentration that mimics 24-h exposure to the mean concentration found in ambient air presented, after 3 months, increased levels of DNA lesions related to the occurrence of oxidative stress in the lungs, liver, and kidney, in parallel to decreased global levels of 5-hmC in lung and liver DNA. Genetic and epigenetic alterations induced by pollutants may affect the genes committed to cell cycle control, apoptosis, and cell differentiation, increasing the chance of cancer development, which merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Anax Falcão de Oliveira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bloco 13 B, São Paulo, CEP 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Tiago Franco de Oliveira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bloco 13 B, São Paulo, CEP 05508-000 Brazil
- Present address: Departamento de Farmacociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite 245, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 90050-170 Brazil
| | - Michelle Francini Dias
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bloco 13 B, São Paulo, CEP 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Marisa Helena Gennari Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo, CEP 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Paolo Di Mascio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo, CEP 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Mariana Veras
- Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Experimental – LIM05, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, São Paulo, CEP 01246903 Brazil
| | - Miriam Lemos
- Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Experimental – LIM05, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, São Paulo, CEP 01246903 Brazil
| | - Tania Marcourakis
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bloco 13 B, São Paulo, CEP 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva
- Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Experimental – LIM05, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, São Paulo, CEP 01246903 Brazil
- Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Universidade de São Paulo, R. do Anfiteatro, 513, São Paulo, CEP 05508060 Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Melo Loureiro
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bloco 13 B, São Paulo, CEP 05508-000 Brazil
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de Barros Mendes Lopes T, Groth EE, Veras M, Furuya TK, de Souza Xavier Costa N, Ribeiro Júnior G, Lopes FD, de Almeida FM, Cardoso WV, Saldiva PHN, Chammas R, Mauad T. Pre- and postnatal exposure of mice to concentrated urban PM 2.5 decreases the number of alveoli and leads to altered lung function at an early stage of life. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 241:511-520. [PMID: 29883952 PMCID: PMC6407120 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Gestational exposure to air pollution is associated with negative outcomes in newborns and children. In a previous study, we demonstrated a synergistic negative effect of pre- and postnatal exposure to PM2.5 on lung development in mice. However, the means by which air pollution affects development of the lung have not yet been identified. In this study, we exposed pregnant BALB/c mice and their offspring to concentrated urban PM2.5 (from São Paulo, Brazil; target dose 600 μg/m3 for 1 h daily). Exposure was started on embryonic day 5.5 (E5.5, time of placental implantation). Lung tissue of fetuses and offspring was submitted to stereological and transcriptomic analyses at E14.5 (pseudoglandular stage of lung development), E18.5 (saccular stage) and P40 (postnatal day 40, alveolarized lung). Additionally, lung function and cellularity of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were studied in offspring animals at P40. Compared to control animals that were exposed to filtered air throughout gestation and postnatal life, PM-exposed mice exhibited higher lung elastance and a lower alveolar number at P40 whilst the total lung volume and cellularity of BAL fluid were not affected. Glandular and saccular structures of fetal lungs were not altered upon gestational exposure; transcriptomic signatures, however, showed changes related to DNA damage and its regulation, inflammation and regulation of cell proliferation. A differential expression was validated at E14.5 for the candidates Sox8, Angptl4 and Gas1. Our data substantiate the in utero biomolecular effect of gestational exposure to air pollution and provide first-time stereological evidence that pre- and early life-postnatal exposure compromise lung development, leading to a reduced number of alveoli and an impairment of lung function in the adult mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais de Barros Mendes Lopes
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Espen E Groth
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Veras
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiane K Furuya
- Center of Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, 01246-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Natalia de Souza Xavier Costa
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Ribeiro Júnior
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Degobbi Lopes
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM20), Department of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Francine M de Almeida
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM20), Department of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Wellington V Cardoso
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Paulo Hilario Nascimento Saldiva
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Center of Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, 01246-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais Mauad
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Chen L, Bennett E, Wheeler AJ, Lyons AB, Woods GM, Johnston F, Zosky GR. Maternal exposure to particulate matter alters early post-natal lung function and immune cell development. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 164:625-635. [PMID: 29627759 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In utero exposure to particulate matter (PM) from a range of sources is associated with adverse post-natal health; however, the effect of maternal exposure to community-sampled PM on early post-natal lung and immune development is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES Using a mouse model, we aimed to determine whether in utero exposure to PM alters early post-natal lung function and immune cell populations. We used PM collected from ceiling voids in suburban houses as a proxy for community PM exposure. METHODS Pregnant C57BL/6 mice were intranasally exposed to ceiling derived PM, or saline alone, at gestational day (E) 13.5, 15.5, and 17.5. When mice were two weeks old, we assessed lung function by the forced oscillation technique, and enumerated T and B cell populations in the spleen and thymus by flow cytometry. RESULTS Maternal exposure to PM impaired somatic growth of male offspring resulting in reduced lung volume and deficits in lung function. There was no effect on thymic T cell populations in dams and their male offspring but PM decreased the CD4 +CD25 + T cell population in the female offspring. In contrast, maternal exposure to PM increased splenic CD3 +CD4 + and CD3 +CD8 + T cells in dams, and there was some evidence to suggest inhibition of splenic T cell maturation in male but not female offspring. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that maternal exposure to ceiling void PM has the capacity to impair early somatic growth and alter early life immune development in a sex specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia; School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Ellen Bennett
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Amanda J Wheeler
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - A Bruce Lyons
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Gregory M Woods
- Cancer and Immunology Research Group, Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Fay Johnston
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Graeme R Zosky
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia.
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43
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Tsui HC, Chen CH, Wu YH, Chiang HC, Chen BY, Guo YL. Lifetime exposure to particulate air pollutants is negatively associated with lung function in non-asthmatic children. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 236:953-961. [PMID: 29153727 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary function is known to be affected by acute and subacute exposure to ambient air pollution. However, the impacts of lifetime exposure to air pollution on the pulmonary function of children have been inconsistent. The present study investigated the impact of lifetime residential exposure to intermediate levels of air pollution on the pulmonary function of schoolchildren. METHODS In 2011, a survey of children aged 6-15 years was conducted in 44 schools in Taiwan. Atopic history, residential history, and environmental factors were recorded. Spirograms were obtained from a random sample of children without asthma. A total of 535 girls and 481 boys without a history of asthma were enrolled. Lifetime residential exposure to air pollutants, including particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm (PM10), ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and carbon monoxide (CO), was estimated using the kriging method, based on monitored data from the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the association between lifetime air pollution exposure and pulmonary function, after adjustment for potential confounders and recent exposure. RESULTS After adjustment for 7-day average air pollutant levels, a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 was related to reductions in the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (-2.00%; 95% confidence interval [CI] -3.09% to -0.90%), forced vital capacity (-1.86%; CI: -2.96% to -0.75%), and maximal midexpiratory flow (-2.28%; CI: -4.04% to -0.51%). These associations were independent of the other pollutants. CONCLUSION Lifetime exposure to 25-85 μg/m3 of PM10 has negative impacts on the pulmonary function of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chang Tsui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsien Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Che Chiang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Science, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Yu Chen
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yue Leon Guo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Science, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan.
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Lee AG, Le Grand B, Hsu HHL, Chiu YHM, Brennan KJ, Bose S, Rosa MJ, Brunst KJ, Kloog I, Wilson A, Schwartz J, Morgan W, Coull BA, Wright RO, Baccarelli AA, Wright RJ. Prenatal fine particulate exposure associated with reduced childhood lung function and nasal epithelia GSTP1 hypermethylation: Sex-specific effects. Respir Res 2018; 19:76. [PMID: 29703190 PMCID: PMC5923186 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0774-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In utero exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) has been linked to child lung function. Overlapping evidence suggests that child sex and exposure timing may modify effects and associations may be mediated through glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) methylation. Methods We prospectively examined associations among prenatal PM2.5 exposure and child lung function and GSTP1 methylation in an urban pregnancy cohort study. We employed a validated satellite-based spatiotemporally resolved prediction model to estimate daily prenatal PM2.5 exposure over gestation. We used Baysian distributed lag interaction models (BDLIMs) to identify sensitive windows for prenatal PM2.5 exposure on child lung function and nasal epithelia GSTP1 methylation at age 7 years, and to examine effect modification by child sex. Results BDLIMs identified a sensitive window for prenatal PM2.5 exposure at 35–40 weeks gestation [cumulative effect estimate (CEE) = − 0.10, 95%CI = − 0.19 to − 0.01, per μg/m3 increase in PM2.5] and at 36–40 weeks (CEE = − 0.12, 95%CI = − 0.20 to − 0.01) on FEV1 and FVC, respectively, in boys. BDLIMs also identified a sensitive window of exposure at 37–40 weeks gestation between higher prenatal PM2.5 exposure and increased GSTP1 percent methylation. The association between higher GSTP1 percent methylation and decreased FEV1 was borderline significant in the sample as a whole (β = − 0.37, SE = 0.20, p = 0.06) and in boys in stratified analyses (β = − 0.56, SE = 0.29, p = 0.05). Conclusions Prenatal PM2.5 exposure in late pregnancy was associated with impaired early childhood lung function and hypermethylation of GSTPI in DNA isolated from nasal epithelial cells. There was a trend towards higher GSTP1 percent methylation being associated with reduced FEV1. All findings were most evident among boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison G Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1236 Park Avenue, First Floor, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Blake Le Grand
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hsiao-Hsien Leon Hsu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Kravis Children's Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yueh-Hsiu Mathilda Chiu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Kravis Children's Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kasey J Brennan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sonali Bose
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1236 Park Avenue, First Floor, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Maria José Rosa
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kelly J Brunst
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ander Wilson
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wayne Morgan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Kravis Children's Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rosalind J Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Kravis Children's Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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45
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Shang Y, Sun Q. Particulate air pollution: major research methods and applications in animal models. ENVIRONMENTAL DISEASE 2018; 3:57-62. [PMID: 31549002 DOI: 10.4103/ed.ed_16_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient air pollution is composed of a heterogeneous mixture of gaseous and solid particle compounds in which primary particles are emitted directly into the atmosphere, such as diesel soot, while secondary particles are created through physicochemical transformation. Particulate matter (PM), especially fine and ultrafine particles, can be inhaled and deposited in the alveolar cavities and penetrate into circulation. An association between high levels of air pollutants and human disease has been known for more than half a century and increasing evidences demonstrate a strong link between exposure on PM and the development of systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular and neurological disorders. Experimental animal models have been extensively used to study the underlying mechanism caused by environmental exposure to ambient PM. Due to their availability, quality, cost, and genetically modified strains, rodent models have been widely used. Some common exposure approaches include intranasal instillation, intratracheal instillation, nose-only inhalation, whole-body inhalation, and intravenous injection have been reviewed with brief summary of its performance, merit, limitation, and application. We hope this would provide useful reference in advancing experimental researches about air pollution human health and disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Shang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Qinghua Sun
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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46
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Particle (Soot) Pollution in Port Harcourt Rivers State, Nigeria—Double Air Pollution Burden? Understanding and Tackling Potential Environmental Public Health Impacts. ENVIRONMENTS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/environments5010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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47
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Bose S, Chiu YHM, Hsu HHL, Di Q, Rosa MJ, Lee A, Kloog I, Wilson A, Schwartz J, Wright RO, Cohen S, Coull BA, Wright RJ. Prenatal Nitrate Exposure and Childhood Asthma. Influence of Maternal Prenatal Stress and Fetal Sex. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 196:1396-1403. [PMID: 28661182 PMCID: PMC5736975 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201702-0421oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Impact of ambient pollution upon children's asthma may differ by sex, and exposure dose and timing. Psychosocial stress can also modify pollutant effects. These associations have not been examined for in utero ambient nitrate exposure. OBJECTIVES We implemented Bayesian-distributed lag interaction models to identify sensitive prenatal windows for the influence of nitrate (NO3-) on child asthma, accounting for effect modification by sex and stress. METHODS Analyses included 752 mother-child dyads. Daily ambient NO3- exposure during pregnancy was derived using a hybrid chemical transport (Geos-Chem)/land-use regression model and natural log transformed. Prenatal maternal stress was indexed by a negative life events score (high [>2] vs. low [≤2]). The outcome was clinician-diagnosed asthma by age 6 years. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Most mothers were Hispanic (54%) or black (29%), had a high school education or less (66%), never smoked (80%), and reported low prenatal stress (58%); 15% of children developed asthma. BDILMs adjusted for maternal age, race, education, prepregnancy obesity, atopy, and smoking status identified two sensitive windows (7-19 and 33-40 wk gestation), during which increased NO3- was associated with greater odds of asthma, specifically among boys born to mothers reporting high prenatal stress. Cumulative effects of NO3- across pregnancy were also significant in this subgroup (odds ratio = 2.64, 95% confidence interval = 1.27-5.39; per interquartile range increase in ln NO3-). CONCLUSIONS Prenatal NO3- exposure during distinct sensitive windows was associated with incident asthma in boys concurrently exposed to high prenatal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Bose
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Department of Pediatrics
| | | | | | - Qian Di
- Department of Environmental Health and
| | | | - Alison Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, BeerSheba, Israel
| | - Ander Wilson
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; and
| | | | - Robert O. Wright
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, and
- Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Sheldon Cohen
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Brent A. Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rosalind J. Wright
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, and
- Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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48
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Ferreira AB, Ribeiro AP, Ferreira ML, Kniess CT, Quaresma CC, Lafortezza R, Santos JO, Saiki M, Saldiva PH. A Streamlined Approach by a Combination of Bioindication and Geostatistical Methods for Assessing Air Contaminants and Their Effects on Human Health in Industrialized Areas: A Case Study in Southern Brazil. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1575. [PMID: 28979271 PMCID: PMC5611596 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Industrialization in developing countries associated with urban growth results in a number of economic benefits, especially in small or medium-sized cities, but leads to a number of environmental and public health consequences. This problem is further aggravated when adequate infrastructure is lacking to monitor the environmental impacts left by industries and refineries. In this study, a new protocol was designed combining biomonitoring and geostatistics to evaluate the possible effects of shale industry emissions on human health and wellbeing. Futhermore, the traditional and expensive air quality method based on PM2.5 measuring was also used to validate the low-cost geostatistical approach. Chemical analysis was performed using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (EDXRF) to measure inorganic elements in tree bark and shale retorted samples in São Mateus do Sul city, Southern Brazil. Fe, S, and Si were considered potential pollutants in the study area. Distribution maps of element concentrations were generated from the dataset and used to estimate the spatial behavior of Fe, S, and Si and the range from their hot spot(s), highlighting the regions sorrounding the shale refinery. This evidence was also demonstrated in the measurements of PM2.5 concentrations, which are in agreement with the information obtained from the biomonitoring and geostatistical model. Factor and descriptive analyses performed on the concentrations of tree bark contaminants suggest that Fe, S, and Si might be used as indicators of industrial emissions. The number of cases of respiratory diseases obtained from local basic health unit were used to assess a possible correlation between shale refinery emissions and cases of repiratory disease. These data are public and may be accessed on the website of the the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Significant associations were found between the health data and refinery activities. The combination of the spatial characterization of air pollution and clinical health data revealed that adverse effects were significant for individuals over 38 years of age. These results also suggest that a protocol designed to monitor urban air quality may be an effective and low-cost strategy in environmentally contaminated cities, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreza P. Ribeiro
- Smart and Sustainable Cities, Nove de Julho UniversitySão Paulo, Brazil
- Professional Masters in Environmental Management and Sustainability, Nove de Julho UniversitySão Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudia T. Kniess
- Smart and Sustainable Cities, Nove de Julho UniversitySão Paulo, Brazil
- Professional Masters in Environmental Management and Sustainability, Nove de Julho UniversitySão Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Raffaele Lafortezza
- Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of BariBari, Italy
- Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, East LansingMI, United States
| | | | - Mitiko Saiki
- Center of the Nuclear Research Reactor, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN)São Paulo, Brazil
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49
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Rosa MJ, Just AC, Kloog I, Pantic I, Schnaas L, Lee A, Bose S, Chiu YHM, Hsu HHL, Coull B, Schwartz J, Cohen S, Téllez Rojo MM, Wright RO, Wright RJ. Prenatal particulate matter exposure and wheeze in Mexican children: Effect modification by prenatal psychosocial stress. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017; 119:232-237.e1. [PMID: 28757229 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution exposure in childhood is associated with greater incidence and exacerbation of asthma, particularly in children whose parents report high levels of psychological stress. However, this interaction has not been completely elucidated in pregnancy. OBJECTIVE To examine whether the association between prenatal exposure to particulate matter no larger than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) and wheeze in children is modified by prenatal stress. METHODS Mexican women were recruited during pregnancy (N = 552). Residential prenatal daily exposure to PM2.5 was estimated using a satellite-based spatiotemporally resolved prediction model and averaged over trimesters. Maternal stress was indexed by maternal negative life events (NLE) score (range 0-11) ascertained during mid to late pregnancy. NLE scores were dichotomized at the median as low (NLE score ≤ 3) and high (NLE score > 3) stress. Reports of ever wheeze and wheeze in the past 12 months (current wheeze) for children were obtained using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood survey at 48 months. The association between prenatal PM2.5 and wheeze was analyzed using a modified Poisson regression and stratified by low vs high stress. RESULTS Greater PM2.5 exposure during the first trimester was associated with increased risk of current wheeze among children with mothers reporting high prenatal stress (relative risk 1.35, 95% confidence interval 1.00-1.83, per interquartile range increase 3.8 μg/m3) but not among those reporting low stress (relative risk 0.84, 95% confidence interval 0.61-1.16, per interquartile range increase 3.8 μg/m3; P for interaction = .04). CONCLUSION Increased prenatal stress enhanced the association between PM2.5 exposure in early pregnancy, and child wheeze at 48 months of age. It is important to consider chemical and nonchemical stressors together to more comprehensively characterize children's environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria José Rosa
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Allan C Just
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ivan Pantic
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Schnaas
- Division of Research in Community Interventions, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alison Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Sonali Bose
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Yueh-Hsiu Mathilda Chiu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Hsiao-Hsien Leon Hsu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Brent Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sheldon Cohen
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Martha María Téllez Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Rosalind J Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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50
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Chen H, Chen X, Hong X, Liu C, Huang H, Wang Q, Chen S, Chen H, Yang K, Sun Q. Maternal exposure to ambient PM 2.5 exaggerates fetal cardiovascular maldevelopment induced by homocysteine in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:877-889. [PMID: 27203204 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to airborne particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 µm (PM2.5 ) during pregnancy and lactation periods is associated with filial congenital cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of maternal exposure to ambient levels of PM2.5 on filial cardiovascular maldevelopment induced by homocysteine. Using a 2 × 2 factorial design, rats were randomized into four groups and were exposed to ambient PM2.5 or filtered air (FA) throughout the pregnancy and lactation periods coupled with the administration of either homocysteine (HCY) or normal saline (NS) daily from gestation days 8-10. Morphological changes in the heart, myocardial apoptosis, expressions of cardiac progenitor transcriptional factors, and levels of cytokines were investigated in the offspring. The apoptosis-like changes in the myocardium were seen in the FA plus HCY-treated group and more obviously in the PM2.5 plus HCY-treated group, which was in accordance with an increased myocardial apoptosis rate in the two groups. PM2.5 exposure resulted in significantly decreased Nkx2-5 protein level and GATA4 and Nkx2-5 mRNA expressions, and significantly increased TNF-α and IL-1β levels. There were significant interactions between PM2.5 exposure and HCY-treatment that PM2.5 exposure reduced Nkx2-5 protein levels and GATA4 and Nkx2-5 mRNA expressions in the HCY-treated groups. These results suggest that maternal exposure to PM2.5 , even at the ambient levels in urban regions in China, exaggerates filial cardiovascular maldevelopment induced by HCY in a murine model, exacerbating structural abnormalities in the filial cardiac tissue, which is possibly associated with oxidative stress and reduced GATA4 and Nkx2-5 transcription factor expressions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 877-889, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Chen
- Central Station of Environmental Monitoring of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xinru Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Dongfang Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- China International Science & Technology Cooperation Base for Environmental Factors on Early Development, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chaobin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Children Health Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Huijuan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Dongfang Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Fuzhou Institute of Product Quality Inspection, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Suqing Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Children Health Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hanqiang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Children Health Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Dongfang Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qinghua Sun
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210-1240, USA
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