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Baglivo I, Quaranta VN, Dragonieri S, Colantuono S, Menzella F, Selvaggio D, Carpagnano GE, Caruso C. The New Paradigm: The Role of Proteins and Triggers in the Evolution of Allergic Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5747. [PMID: 38891935 PMCID: PMC11171572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial barrier damage plays a central role in the development and maintenance of allergic inflammation. Rises in the epithelial barrier permeability of airways alter tissue homeostasis and allow the penetration of allergens and other external agents. Different factors contribute to barrier impairment, such as eosinophilic infiltration and allergen protease action-eosinophilic cationic proteins' effects and allergens' proteolytic activity both contribute significantly to epithelial damage. In the airways, allergen proteases degrade the epithelial junctional proteins, allowing allergen penetration and its uptake by dendritic cells. This increase in allergen-immune system interaction induces the release of alarmins and the activation of type 2 inflammatory pathways, causing or worsening the main symptoms at the skin, bowel, and respiratory levels. We aim to highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying allergenic protease-induced epithelial barrier damage and the role of immune response in allergic asthma onset, maintenance, and progression. Moreover, we will explore potential clinical and radiological biomarkers of airway remodeling in allergic asthma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Baglivo
- Centro Malattie Apparato Digerente (CEMAD) Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Vitaliano Nicola Quaranta
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Section of Respiratory Disease, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy (S.D.)
| | - Silvano Dragonieri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Section of Respiratory Disease, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy (S.D.)
| | - Stefania Colantuono
- Unità Operativa Semplice Dipartimentale Day Hospital (UOSD DH) Medicina Interna e Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Menzella
- Pulmonology Unit, S. Valentino Hospital-AULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - David Selvaggio
- UOS di Malattie dell’Apparato Respiratorio Ospedale Cristo Re, 00167 Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Section of Respiratory Disease, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy (S.D.)
| | - Cristiano Caruso
- Unità Operativa Semplice Dipartimentale Day Hospital (UOSD DH) Medicina Interna e Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
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2
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Haertlé J, Kienlin P, Begemann G, Werfel T, Roesner LM. Inhibition of IL-17 ameliorates keratinocyte-borne cytokine responses in an in vitro model for house-dust-mite triggered atopic dermatitis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16628. [PMID: 37789035 PMCID: PMC10547677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42595-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A subgroup of patients suffering from atopic dermatitis (AD) does not respond to biologics therapy targeting the key players of type-2 inflammation, and it is an ongoing discussion whether skin-infiltrating Th17 cells may underlie this phenomenon. This study aimed to investigate the potential of allergen-induced, immune-cell derived IL-17 on the induction of inflammatory processes in keratinocytes. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from respectively sensitized AD patients were stimulated with house dust mite (HDM) extract and cell culture supernatants were applied subsequently in absence or presence of secukinumab to primary human keratinocytes. Hereby we confirm that the immune response of sensitized AD patients to HDM contains aside from type-2 cytokines significant amounts of IL-17. Blocking IL-17 efficiently reduced the stimulation-induced changes in keratinocyte gene expression. IL-17-dependent transcriptional changes included increased expression of the cytokines IL-20 and IL-24 as well as Suppressor of Cytokine Siganling 3 (SOCS3), a negative feedback-regulator of the STAT3/IL-17/IL-24 immune response. We conclude that the immune response to HDM can induce pro-inflammatory cytokines from keratinocytes in AD, which in part is mediated via IL-17. Targeting IL-17 may turn out to be a reasonable alternative therapy in a subgroup of patients with moderate to severe AD and HDM sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Haertlé
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Petra Kienlin
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gabriele Begemann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Werfel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Lennart M Roesner
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany.
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3
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Bzioueche H, Boniface K, Drullion C, Marchetti S, Chignon-Sicard B, Sormani L, Rocchi S, Seneschal J, Passeron T, Tulic MK. Impact of house dust mite in vitiligo skin: environmental contribution to increased cutaneous immunity and melanocyte detachment. Br J Dermatol 2023; 189:312-327. [PMID: 37140010 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disorder characterized by loss of melanocytes. Protease-mediated disruption of junctions between keratinocytes and/or keratinocyte intrinsic dysfunction may directly contribute to melanocyte loss. House dust mite (HDM), an environmental allergen with potent protease activity, contributes to respiratory and gut disease but also to atopic dermatitis and rosacea. OBJECTIVES To verify if HDM can contribute to melanocyte detachment in vitiligo and if so, by which mechanism(s). METHODS Using primary human keratinocytes, human skin biopsies from healthy donors and patients with vitiligo, and 3D reconstructed human epidermis, we studied the effect of HDM on cutaneous immunity, tight and adherent junction expression and melanocyte detachment. RESULTS HDM increased keratinocyte production of vitiligo-associated cytokines and chemokines and increased expression of toll-like receptor (TLR)-4. This was associated with increased in situ matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activity, reduced cutaneous expression of adherent protein E-cadherin, increased soluble E-cadherin in culture supernatant and significantly increased number of suprabasal melanocytes in the skin. This effect was dose-dependent and driven by cysteine protease Der p1 and MMP-9. Selective MMP-9 inhibitor, Ab142180, restored E-cadherin expression and inhibited HDM-induced melanocyte detachment. Keratinocytes from patients with vitiligo were more sensitive to HDM-induced changes than healthy keratinocytes. All results were confirmed in a 3D model of healthy skin and in human skin biopsies. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight that environmental mite may act as an external source of pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules in vitiligo and topical MMP-9 inhibitors may be useful therapeutic targets. Whether HDM contributes to the onset of flares in vitiligo remains to be tested in carefully controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanene Bzioueche
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
| | - Katia Boniface
- Bordeaux University, CNRS, ImmunoConcept, UMR 5164, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Claire Drullion
- Bordeaux University, CNRS, ImmunoConcept, UMR 5164, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sandrine Marchetti
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
| | | | | | - Stéphane Rocchi
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
| | - Julien Seneschal
- Bordeaux University, CNRS, ImmunoConcept, UMR 5164, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatric Dermatology and National Reference Center for Rare Skin Disorders, Hôpital Saint-André, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thierry Passeron
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
| | - Meri K Tulic
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
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4
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Soh WT, Zhang J, Hollenberg MD, Vliagoftis H, Rothenberg ME, Sokol CL, Robinson C, Jacquet A. Protease allergens as initiators-regulators of allergic inflammation. Allergy 2023; 78:1148-1168. [PMID: 36794967 PMCID: PMC10159943 DOI: 10.1111/all.15678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous progress in the last few years has been made to explain how seemingly harmless environmental proteins from different origins can induce potent Th2-biased inflammatory responses. Convergent findings have shown the key roles of allergens displaying proteolytic activity in the initiation and progression of the allergic response. Through their propensity to activate IgE-independent inflammatory pathways, certain allergenic proteases are now considered as initiators for sensitization to themselves and to non-protease allergens. The protease allergens degrade junctional proteins of keratinocytes or airway epithelium to facilitate allergen delivery across the epithelial barrier and their subsequent uptake by antigen-presenting cells. Epithelial injuries mediated by these proteases together with their sensing by protease-activated receptors (PARs) elicit potent inflammatory responses resulting in the release of pro-Th2 cytokines (IL-6, IL-25, IL-1β, TSLP) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs; IL-33, ATP, uric acid). Recently, protease allergens were shown to cleave the protease sensor domain of IL-33 to produce a super-active form of the alarmin. At the same time, proteolytic cleavage of fibrinogen can trigger TLR4 signaling, and cleavage of various cell surface receptors further shape the Th2 polarization. Remarkably, the sensing of protease allergens by nociceptive neurons can represent a primary step in the development of the allergic response. The goal of this review is to highlight the multiple innate immune mechanisms triggered by protease allergens that converge to initiate the allergic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Tuck Soh
- Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jihui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Morley D. Hollenberg
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Harissios Vliagoftis
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, and Alberta Respiratory Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marc E. Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Caroline L. Sokol
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Clive Robinson
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s University of London, London, UK
| | - Alain Jacquet
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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5
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Jacquet A. The HDM allergen orchestra and its cysteine protease maestro: Stimulators of kaleidoscopic innate immune responses. Mol Immunol 2023; 156:48-60. [PMID: 36889186 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
House dust mite (HDM) encloses an explosive cocktail of allergenic proteins sensitizing hundreds of millions of people worldwide. To date, the innate cellular and molecular mechanism(s) orchestrating the HDM-induced allergic inflammation remains partially deciphered. Understanding the kaleidoscope of HDM-induced innate immune responses is hampered by (1) the large complexity of the HDM allergome with very diverse functional bioreactivities, (2) the perpetual presence of microbial compounds (at least LPS, β-glucan, chitin) promoting as well pro-Th2 innate signaling pathways and (3) multiple cross-talks involving structural, neuronal and immune cells. The present review provides an update on the innate immune properties, identified so far, of multiple HDM allergen groups. Experimental evidence highlights the importance of HDM allergens displaying protease or lipid-binding activities on the initiation of the allergic responses. Specifically, group 1 HDM cysteine proteases are considered as the key initiators of the allergic response through their capacities to impair the epithelial barrier integrity, to stimulate the release of pro-Th2 danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in epithelial cells, to produce super-active forms of IL-33 alarmin and to mature thrombin leading to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation. Remarkably, the recently evidenced primary sensing of cysteine protease allergens by nociceptive neurons confirms the critical role of this HDM allergen group in the early events leading to Th2 differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Jacquet
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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6
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Fink MY, Qi X, Shirey KA, Fanaroff R, Chapoval S, Viscardi RM, Vogel SN, Keegan AD. Mice Expressing Cosegregating Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (D298G and N397I) in TLR4 Have Enhanced Responses to House Dust Mite Allergen. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:2085-2097. [PMID: 35396219 PMCID: PMC9176710 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a common and ubiquitous chronic respiratory disease that is associated with airway inflammation and hyperreactivity resulting in airway obstruction. It is now accepted that asthma is controlled by a combination of host genetics and environment in a rather complex fashion; however, the link between sensing of the environment and development and exacerbation of allergic lung inflammation is unclear. Human populations expressing cosegregating D299G and T399I polymorphisms in the TLR4 gene are associated with a decreased risk for asthma in adults along with hyporesponsiveness to inhaled LPS, the TLR4 ligand. However, these data do not account for other human genetic or environmental factors. Using a novel mouse strain that expresses homologous human TLR4 polymorphisms (TLR4-single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP]), we directly tested the effect of these TLR4 polymorphisms on in vivo responses to allergens using two models of induction. We report that intact TLR4 is required for allergic inflammation when using the OVA and LPS model of induction, as cellular and pathological benchmarks were diminished in both TLR4-SNP and TLR4-deficent mice. However, in the more clinically relevant model using house dust mite extract for induction, responses were enhanced in the TLR4-SNP mice, as evidenced by greater levels of eosinophilic inflammation, Th2 cytokine production, and house dust mite-specific IgG1 production compared with wild-type mice; however, mucus production and airway hyperreactivity were not affected. These results suggest that the TLR4 polymorphic variants (genes) interact differently with the allergic stimulation (environment).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Y Fink
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Xiulan Qi
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kari Ann Shirey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rachel Fanaroff
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Svetlana Chapoval
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rose M Viscardi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; and
| | - Stefanie N Vogel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Achsah D Keegan
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
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7
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Ishii T, Murakami Y, Narita T, Nunokawa H, Miyake K, Nagase T, Yamashita N. Myeloid differentiation protein-2 has a protective role in house dust mite-mediated asthmatic characteristics with the proinflammatory regulation of airway epithelial cells and dendritic cells. Clin Exp Allergy 2021; 52:149-161. [PMID: 34418187 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2) is a lipopolysaccharide-binding protein involved in lipopolysaccharide signalling via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). TLR4 plays an essential role in HDM-mediated allergic airway inflammation. Moreover, MD-2 is structurally similar to Der f 2, a major allergen from house dust mite (HDM). OBJECTIVES We aimed to clarify the role of MD-2 in the pathogenesis of HDM-mediated allergic airway inflammation. METHODS Wild-type (WT), TLR4 knockout and MD-2 knockout mice were subjected to intranasal instillation of HDM extract, and asthmatic features were evaluated. We also evaluated gene sets regulated by MD-2 in HDM-treated airway epithelial cells and examined the function of dendritic cells from lymph nodes and from lungs. RESULTS Aggravated allergic airway inflammation with increased airway hyperresponsiveness was observed in MD-2 knockout mice compared with WT and TLR4 knockout mice. Global gene expression analysis revealed an MD-2 regulated proinflammatory response and reconstituted TLR4 signalling in airway epithelial cells. The ability of dendritic cells to evoke an allergic immune response was enhanced in MD-2 knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS & CLINICAL RELEVANCE MD-2 plays a protective role in HDM-induced airway allergy with the proinflammatory regulation of airway epithelial cells and dendritic cells. MD-2 may serve as a therapeutic target in the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ishii
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Murakami
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoya Narita
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nunokawa
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Miyake
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Cho HJ, Ha JG, Lee SN, Kim CH, Wang DY, Yoon JH. Differences and similarities between the upper and lower airway: focusing on innate immunity. Rhinology 2021; 59:441-450. [PMID: 34339483 DOI: 10.4193/rhin21.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The nose is the first respiratory barrier to external pathogens, allergens, pollutants, or cigarette smoke, and vigorous immune responses are triggered when external pathogens come in contact with the nasal epithelium. The mucosal epithelial cells of the nose are essential to the innate immune response against external pathogens and transmit signals that modulate the adaptive immune response. The upper and lower airways share many physiological and immunological features, but there are also numerous differences. It is crucial to understand these differences and their contribution to pathophysiology in order to optimize treatments for inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract. This review summarizes important differences in the embryological development, histological features, microbiota, immune responses, and cellular subtypes of mucosal epithelial cells of the nose and lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-J Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Global Research Laboratory for Allergic Airway Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J G Ha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S N Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 2 Global Research Laboratory for Allergic Airway Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - C-H Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D-Y Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - J-H Yoon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Global Research Laboratory for Allergic Airway Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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9
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Allam VSRR, Faiz A, Lam M, Rathnayake SNH, Ditz B, Pouwels SD, Brandsma C, Timens W, Hiemstra PS, Tew GW, Neighbors M, Grimbaldeston M, van den Berge M, Donnelly S, Phipps S, Bourke JE, Sukkar MB. RAGE and TLR4 differentially regulate airway hyperresponsiveness: Implications for COPD. Allergy 2021; 76:1123-1135. [PMID: 32799375 DOI: 10.1111/all.14563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is implicated in COPD. Although these receptors share common ligands and signalling pathways, it is not known whether they act in concert to drive pathological processes in COPD. We examined the impact of RAGE and/or TLR4 gene deficiency in a mouse model of COPD and also determined whether expression of these receptors correlates with airway neutrophilia and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in COPD patients. METHODS We measured airway inflammation and AHR in wild-type, RAGE-/- , TLR4-/- and TLR4-/- RAGE-/- mice following acute exposure to cigarette smoke (CS). We also examined the impact of smoking status on AGER (encodes RAGE) and TLR4 bronchial gene expression in patients with and without COPD. Finally, we determined whether expression of these receptors correlates with airway neutrophilia and AHR in COPD patients. RESULTS RAGE-/- mice were protected against CS-induced neutrophilia and AHR. In contrast, TLR4-/- mice were not protected against CS-induced neutrophilia and had more severe CS-induced AHR. TLR4-/- RAGE-/- mice were not protected against CS-induced neutrophilia but were partially protected against CS-induced mediator release and AHR. Current smoking was associated with significantly lower AGER and TLR4 expression irrespective of COPD status, possibly reflecting negative feedback regulation. However, consistent with preclinical findings, AGER expression correlated with higher sputum neutrophil counts and more severe AHR in COPD patients. TLR4 expression did not correlate with neutrophilic inflammation or AHR. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of RAGE but not TLR4 signalling may protect against airway neutrophilia and AHR in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alen Faiz
- School of Life Sciences Faculty of Science The University of Technology Sydney Ultimo NSW Australia
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Maggie Lam
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology School of Biomedical Sciences Monash University Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Senani N. H. Rathnayake
- School of Life Sciences Faculty of Science The University of Technology Sydney Ultimo NSW Australia
| | - Benedikt Ditz
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Simon D. Pouwels
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Corry‐Anke Brandsma
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Wim Timens
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Pieter S. Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Gaik W. Tew
- OMNI‐Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc South San Francisco CA USA
| | | | | | - Maarten van den Berge
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Sheila Donnelly
- School of Life Sciences Faculty of Science The University of Technology Sydney Ultimo NSW Australia
| | - Simon Phipps
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Herston Qld Australia
| | - Jane E. Bourke
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology School of Biomedical Sciences Monash University Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Maria B. Sukkar
- Graduate School of Health Faculty of Health The University of Technology Sydney Ultimo NSW Australia
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10
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Brassard J, Marsolais D, Blanchet MR. Mutant Mice and Animal Models of Airway Allergic Disease. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2241:59-74. [PMID: 33486728 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1095-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilia is a hallmark of allergic airway inflammation, and eosinophils represent an integral effector leukocyte through their release of various granule-stored cytokines and proteins. Numerous mouse models have been developed to mimic clinical disease and they have been instrumental in furthering our understanding of the role of eosinophils in disease. Most of these models consist of intranasal (i.n.) administration of antigenic proteases including papain and house dust mite (HDM) or the neo-antigen ovalbumin, with a resulting Th2-biased immune response and airway eosinophilia. These models have been particularly informative when combined with the numerous transgenic mice available that modulate eosinophil frequency or the mechanisms involved in their migration. Here, we describe the current models of allergic airway inflammation and outline some of the transgenic mice available to study eosinophil disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julyanne Brassard
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - David Marsolais
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Renee Blanchet
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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11
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Conjunctival transcriptome analysis reveals the overexpression of multiple pattern recognition receptors in vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Ocul Surf 2021; 19:241-248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Abu Khweek A, Kim E, Joldrichsen MR, Amer AO, Boyaka PN. Insights Into Mucosal Innate Immune Responses in House Dust Mite-Mediated Allergic Asthma. Front Immunol 2020; 11:534501. [PMID: 33424827 PMCID: PMC7793902 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.534501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of asthma has been rising steadily for several decades, and continues to be a major public health and global economic burden due to both direct and indirect costs. Asthma is defined as chronic heterogeneous inflammatory diseases characterized by airway obstruction, mucus production and bronchospasm. Different endotypes of asthma are being recognized based on the distinct pathophysiology, genetic predisposition, age, prognosis, and response to remedies. Mucosal innate response to environmental triggers such as pollen, cigarette smoke, fragrances, viral infection, and house dust mite (HDM) are now recognized to play an important role in allergic asthma. HDM are the most pervasive allergens that co-habitat with us, as they are ubiquitous in-house dusts, mattress and bedsheets, and feed on a diet of exfoliated human skin flakes. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, is one among several HDM identified up to date. During the last decade, extensive studies have been fundamental in elucidating the interactions between HDM allergens, the host immune systems and airways. Moreover, the paradigm in the field of HDM-mediated allergy has been shifted away from being solely a Th2-geared to a complex response orchestrated via extensive crosstalk between the epithelium, professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) and components of the adaptive immunity. In fact, HDM have several lessons to teach us about their allergenicity, the complex interactions that stimulate innate immunity in initiating and perpetuating the lung inflammation. Herein, we review main allergens of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and their interactions with immunological sentinels that promote allergic sensitization and activation of innate immunity, which is critical for the development of the Th2 biased adaptive immunity to HDM allergens and development of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Abu Khweek
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Palestine.,Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Eunsoo Kim
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Marisa R Joldrichsen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Amal O Amer
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,The Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Prosper N Boyaka
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,The Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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13
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Lynch JP, Werder RB, Curren BF, Sikder MAA, Ullah A, Sebina I, Rashid RB, Zhang V, Upham JW, Hill GR, Steptoe RJ, Phipps S. Long-lived regulatory T cells generated during severe bronchiolitis in infancy influence later progression to asthma. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:652-664. [PMID: 32066837 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0268-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The type-2 inflammatory response that promotes asthma pathophysiology occurs in the absence of sufficient immunoregulation. Impaired regulatory T cell (Treg) function also predisposes to severe viral bronchiolitis in infancy, a major risk factor for asthma. Hence, we hypothesized that long-lived, aberrantly programmed Tregs causally link viral bronchiolitis with later asthma. Here we found that transient plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) depletion during viral infection in early-life, which causes the expansion of aberrant Tregs, predisposes to allergen-induced or virus-induced asthma in later-life, and is associated with altered airway epithelial cell (AEC) responses and the expansion of impaired, long-lived Tregs. Critically, the adoptive transfer of aberrant Tregs (unlike healthy Tregs) to asthma-susceptible mice failed to prevent the development of viral-induced or allergen-induced asthma. Lack of protection was associated with increased airway epithelial cytoplasmic-HMGB1 (high-mobility group box 1), a pro-type-2 inflammatory alarmin, and granulocytic inflammation. Aberrant Tregs expressed lower levels of CD39, an ectonucleotidase that hydrolyzes extracellular ATP, a known inducer of alarmin release. Using cultured mouse AECs, we identify that healthy Tregs suppress allergen-induced HMGB1 translocation whereas this ability is markedly impaired in aberrant Tregs. Thus, defective Treg programming in infancy has durable consequences that underlie the association between bronchiolitis and subsequent asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Lynch
- Respiratory Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Rhiannon B Werder
- Respiratory Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Bodie F Curren
- Respiratory Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Md Al Amin Sikder
- Respiratory Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Ashik Ullah
- Respiratory Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Ismail Sebina
- Respiratory Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Ridwan B Rashid
- Respiratory Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Vivian Zhang
- Respiratory Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - John W Upham
- UQ Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Queensland, 4102, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Geoff R Hill
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 1100, USA
| | - Raymond J Steptoe
- UQ Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Simon Phipps
- Respiratory Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia. .,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
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14
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Yasuda Y, Nagano T, Kobayashi K, Nishimura Y. Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells and the House Dust Mite-Induced Asthma Mouse Model. Cells 2020; 9:E1178. [PMID: 32397396 PMCID: PMC7290734 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is an important issue not only in health but also in economics worldwide. Therefore, asthma animal models have been frequently used to understand the pathogenesis of asthma. Recently, in addition to acquired immunity, innate immunity has also been thought to be involved in asthma. Among innate immune cells, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have been considered to be crucial for eosinophilic airway inflammation by releasing T helper 2 cytokines. Moreover, house dust mites (HDMs) belonging to group 1 act on airway epithelial cells not only as allergens but also as cysteine proteases. The production of interleukin-25 (IL-25), IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) from airway epithelial cells was induced by the protease activity of HDMs. These cytokines activate ILC2s, and activated ILC2s produce IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, and amphiregulin. Hence, the HDM-induced asthma mouse model greatly contributes to understanding asthma pathogenesis. In this review, we highlight the relationship between ILC2s and the HDM in the asthma mouse model to help researchers and clinicians not only choose a proper asthma mouse model but also to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying HDM-induced asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatsuya Nagano
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan; (Y.Y.); (K.K.); (Y.N.)
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15
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Sokulsky LA, Goggins B, Sherwin S, Eyers F, Kaiko GE, Board PG, Keely S, Yang M, Foster PS. GSTO1-1 is an upstream suppressor of M2 macrophage skewing and HIF-1α-induced eosinophilic airway inflammation. Clin Exp Allergy 2020; 50:609-624. [PMID: 32052502 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione S-transferases omega class 1 (GSTO1-1) is a unique member of the GST family regulating cellular redox metabolism and innate immunity through the promotion of LPS/TLR4/NLRP3 signalling in macrophages. House dust mite (HDM) triggers asthma by promoting type 2 responses and allergic inflammation via the TLR4 pathway. Although linked to asthma, the role of GSTO1-1 in facilitating type 2 responses and/or HDM-driven allergic inflammation is unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of GSTO1-1 in regulating HDM-induced allergic inflammation in a preclinical model of asthma. METHODS Wild-type and GSTO1-1-deficient mice were sensitized and aeroallergen challenged with HDM to induce allergic inflammation and subsequently hallmark pathophysiological features characterized. RESULTS By contrast to HDM-challenged WT mice, exposed GSTO1-1-deficient mice had increased numbers of eosinophils and macrophages and elevated levels of eotaxin-1 and -2 in their lungs. M1 macrophage-associated factors, such as IL-1β and IL-6, were decreased in GSTO1-1-deficient mice. Conversely, M2 macrophage factors such as Arg-1 and Ym1 were up-regulated. HIF-1α expression was found to be higher in the absence of GSTO1-1 and correlated with the up-regulation of M2 macrophage markers. Furthermore, HIF-1α was shown to bind and activate the eotaxin-2 promotor. Hypoxic conditions induced significant increases in the levels of eotaxin-1 and -2 in GSTO1-deficient BMDMs, providing a potential link between inflammation-induced hypoxia and the regulation of M2 responses in the lung. Collectively, our results suggest that GSTO1-1 deficiency promotes M2-type responses and increased levels of nuclear HIF-1α, which regulates eotaxin (s)-induced eosinophilia and increased disease severity. CONCLUSION & CLINICAL IMPLICATION We propose that GSTO1-1 is a novel negative regulator of TLR4-regulated M2 responses acting as an anti-inflammatory pathway. The discovery of a novel HIF-1α-induced eotaxin pathway identifies an unknown connection between hypoxia and the regulation of the severity of allergic inflammation in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon A Sokulsky
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Bridie Goggins
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Simonne Sherwin
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Fiona Eyers
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Gerard E Kaiko
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip G Board
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Simon Keely
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Ming Yang
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul S Foster
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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16
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Jacquet A, Robinson C. Proteolytic, lipidergic and polysaccharide molecular recognition shape innate responses to house dust mite allergens. Allergy 2020; 75:33-53. [PMID: 31166610 DOI: 10.1111/all.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
House dust mites (HDMs) are sources of an extensive repertoire of allergens responsible for a range of allergic conditions. Technological advances have accelerated the identification of these allergens and characterized their putative roles within HDMs. Understanding their functional bioactivities is illuminating how they interact with the immune system to cause disease and how interrelations between them are essential to maximize allergic responses. Two types of allergen bioactivity, namely proteolysis and peptidolipid/lipid binding, elicit IgE and stimulate bystander responses to unrelated allergens. Much of this influence arises from Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 or TLR2 signalling and, in the case of protease allergens, the activation of additional pleiotropic effectors with strong disease linkage. Of related interest is the interaction of HDM allergens with common components of the house dust matrix, through either their binding to allergens or their autonomous modulation of immune receptors. Herein, we provide a contemporary view of how proteolysis, lipid-binding activity and interactions with polysaccharides and polysaccharide molecular recognition systems coordinate the principal responses which underlie allergy. The power of the catalytically competent group 1 HDM protease allergen component is demonstrated by a review of disclosures surrounding the efficacy of novel inhibitors produced by structure-based design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Jacquet
- Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development (Chula Vaccine Research Center-Chula VRC) Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Clive Robinson
- Institute for Infection and Immunity St George's, University of London London UK
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17
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Chen S, Deng Y, He Q, Chen Y, Wang D, Sun W, He Y, Zou Z, Liang Z, Chen R, Yao L, Tao A. Toll-like Receptor 4 Deficiency Aggravates Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Inflammation by Impairing Neutrophil Apoptosis in a Toluene Diisocyanate-Induced Murine Asthma Model. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2020; 12:608-625. [PMID: 32400128 PMCID: PMC7225000 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2020.12.4.608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accumulating evidence has suggested that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is critically involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of TLR4 in toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-induced allergic airway inflammation. METHODS TLR4-/- and wild-type (WT) C57BL/10J mice were sensitized and challenged with TDI to generate a TDI-induced asthma model. B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) inhibitors, ABT-199 (4 mg/kg) and ABT-737 (4 mg/kg), were intranasally given to TDI-exposed TLR4-/- mice after each challenge. RESULTS TDI exposure led to increased airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), granulocyte flux, bronchial epithelial shedding and extensive submucosal collagen deposition, which were unexpectedly aggravated by TLR4 deficiency. Following TDI challenge, TLR4-/- mice exhibited down-regulated interleukin-17A and increased colony-stimulating factor 3 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), while WT mice did not. In addition, TLR4 deficiency robustly suppressed the expression of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 and NLR family CARD domain containing 4, decreased caspase-1 activity in TDI-exposed mice, but had no effect on the level of high mobility group box 1 in BALF. Flow cytometry revealed that TDI hampered both neutrophil and eosinophil apoptosis, of which neutrophil apoptosis was further inhibited in TDI-exposed TLR4-/- mice, with marked up-regulation of Bcl-2. Moreover, inhibition of Bcl-2 with either ABT-199 or ABT-737 significantly alleviated neutrophil recruitment by promoting apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS These data indicated that TLR4 deficiency promoted neutrophil infiltration by impairing its apoptosis via up-regulation of Bcl-2, thereby resulting in deteriorated AHR and airway inflammation, which suggests that TLR4 could be a negative regulator of TDI-induced neutrophilic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Immunology, Inflammation & Immune-Mediated Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Deng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Immunology, Inflammation & Immune-Mediated Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoling He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Immunology, Inflammation & Immune-Mediated Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbo Chen
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - De Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Immunology, Inflammation & Immune-Mediated Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weimin Sun
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Immunology, Inflammation & Immune-Mediated Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Immunology, Inflammation & Immune-Mediated Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zehong Zou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Immunology, Inflammation & Immune-Mediated Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongchang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ailin Tao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Immunology, Inflammation & Immune-Mediated Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. ,
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18
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Ishii T, Muroi M, Horiguchi K, Tanamoto KI, Nagase T, Yamashita N. Activation through toll-like receptor 2 on group 2 innate lymphoid cells can induce asthmatic characteristics. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 49:1624-1632. [PMID: 31494992 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are one of the sources of IL-5 and IL-13 in allergic airway inflammation. Innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed on epithelial cells could contribute to ILC2 activation through IL-33 production, but a direct effect of TLRs on ILC2s remains to be elucidated. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that TLRs can directly activate lung ILC2s and participate in the pathogenesis of asthma. METHODS After intranasal administration of IL-33 to wild-type (WT), TLR2KO and TLR4KO female mice, ILC2s were isolated from harvested lungs. ILC2s were incubated with IL-2 and TLR stimulants (pam3csk4 (PAM), house dust mite extract (HDM)). In some experiments, TLR2 or dectin-1 signalling inhibitors were used. As an in vivo model, the mice were treated with IL-33 and rested until lung recruitment of eosinophils regressed. Then they were treated intranasally with PAM + HDM or vehicle and analysed. RESULTS In vitro stimulation of isolated ILC2s showed that PAM could induce IL-13 and IL-5 production, and HDM had a synergistic effect on this stimulation. Both effects were dependent on TLR2 and NF-κB signalling. PAM + HDM stimulation of WT mice led to increased ILC2s, airway hyperresponsiveness and increased levels of both neutrophils and eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. These observations were dependent on TLR2. CONCLUSIONS & CLINICAL RELEVANCE TLR2 can directly activate lung ILC2s, an effect that is augmented by HDM. Asthmatic characteristics mediated through the TLR2 pathway were evident in the in vivo mice model. These data implicate a new pathway of ILC2 activation in the pathogenesis of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ishii
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Muroi
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Horiguchi
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Anatomy Division of Medicine, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Tanamoto
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Pulsawat P, Soongrung T, Satitsuksanoa P, Le Mignon M, Khemili S, Gilis D, Nony E, Kennedy MW, Jacquet A. The house dust mite allergen Der p 5 binds lipid ligands and stimulates airway epithelial cells through a TLR2-dependent pathway. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 49:378-390. [PMID: 30230051 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein crystallographic studies suggest that the house dust mite (HDM) allergen Der p 5 potentially interacts with hydrophobic ligands. Der p 5, in association with its ligand(s), might therefore trigger innate immune signalling pathways in the airway epithelium and influence the initiation of the HDM-allergic response. OBJECTIVE We investigated the lipid binding propensities of recombinant (r)Der p 5 and characterized the signalling pathways triggered by the allergen in airway epithelial cells. METHODS rDer p 5 was produced in Pichia pastoris and characterized by mass spectrometry, multi-angle light scattering and circular dichroism. Its interactions with hydrophobic ligands were investigated in fluorescence-based lipid binding assays and in-silico docking simulations. Innate immune signalling pathways triggered by rDer p 5 were investigated in airway epithelial cell activation assays in vitro. RESULTS Biophysical analysis showed that rDer p 5 was monomeric and adopted a similar α-helix-rich fold at both physiological and acidic pH. Spectrofluorimetry experiments showed that rDer p 5 is able to selectively bind lipid ligands, but only under mild acidic pH conditions. Computer-based docking simulations identified potential binding sites for these ligands. This allergen, with putatively associated lipid(s), triggered the production of IL-8 in respiratory epithelial cells through a TLR2-, NF-kB- and MAPK-dependent signalling pathway. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Despite the fact that Der p 5 represents a HDM allergen of intermediate prevalence, our findings regarding its lipid binding and activation of TLR2 indicate that it could participate in the initiation of the HDM-allergic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinya Pulsawat
- Faculty of Medicine, Chula Vaccine Research Center, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tewarit Soongrung
- Faculty of Medicine, Chula Vaccine Research Center, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Souad Khemili
- BIO-Bioinfo Department, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratoire Valorisation et Conservation des Ressources Biologiques (VALCOR), Faculté des Sciences, Université M'Hamed Bougara de Boumerdes, Boumerdès, Algeria
| | - Dimitri Gilis
- BIO-Bioinfo Department, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Malcolm W Kennedy
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alain Jacquet
- Faculty of Medicine, Chula Vaccine Research Center, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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20
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Hoff S, Oyoshi MK, Hornick JL, Geha RS. MyD88 signaling in T regulatory cells by endogenous ligands dampens skin inflammation in filaggrin deficient mice. Clin Immunol 2018; 195:88-92. [PMID: 30099194 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in filaggrin are associated with atopic dermatitis. Filaggrin-deficient flaky tail (Flgft/ft) mice develop spontaneous inflammatory skin lesion that wax and wane. We show that loss of MyD88 promotes the persistence of skin lesions in Flgft/ft mice and exaggerates their expression of the Th17-associated cytokines Il7a and Il22. The development and persistence of skin lesions in Flgft/ft mice was independent of the microbiota. MyD88-mediated signals are shown to be important for the accumulation of T regulatory cells (Tregs) in lesional skin of Flgft/ft mice. Adoptive transfer of WT Tregs dampened the severity of skin lesions in MyD88-/-/Flgft/ft mice. These results suggest that MyD88 signaling in Treg cells by endogenous ligands attenuates skin inflammation in filaggrin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Hoff
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michiko K Oyoshi
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jason L Hornick
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Raif S Geha
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
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21
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Zakeri A, Russo M. Dual Role of Toll-like Receptors in Human and Experimental Asthma Models. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1027. [PMID: 29867994 PMCID: PMC5963123 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease that is influenced by the interplay between genetic factors and exposure to environmental allergens, microbes, or microbial products where toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a pivotal role. TLRs recognize a wide range of microbial or endogenous molecules as well as airborne environmental allergens and act as adjuvants that influence positively or negatively allergic sensitization. TLRs are qualitatively and differentially expressed on hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic stromal or structural airway cells that when activated by TLRs agonists exert an immune-modulatory role in asthma development. Therefore, understanding mechanisms and pathways by which TLRs orchestrate asthma outcomes may offer new strategies to control the disease. Here, we aim to review and critically discuss the role of TLRs in human asthma and murine models of allergic airway inflammation, highlighting the complexity of TLRs function in development, exacerbation, or control of airway allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Zakeri
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Momtchilo Russo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Hakansson AP, Orihuela CJ, Bogaert D. Bacterial-Host Interactions: Physiology and Pathophysiology of Respiratory Infection. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:781-811. [PMID: 29488821 PMCID: PMC5966719 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00040.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has long been thought that respiratory infections are the direct result of acquisition of pathogenic viruses or bacteria, followed by their overgrowth, dissemination, and in some instances tissue invasion. In the last decades, it has become apparent that in contrast to this classical view, the majority of microorganisms associated with respiratory infections and inflammation are actually common members of the respiratory ecosystem and only in rare circumstances do they cause disease. This suggests that a complex interplay between host, environment, and properties of colonizing microorganisms together determines disease development and its severity. To understand the pathophysiological processes that underlie respiratory infectious diseases, it is therefore necessary to understand the host-bacterial interactions occurring at mucosal surfaces, along with the microbes inhabiting them, during symbiosis. Current knowledge regarding host-bacterial interactions during asymptomatic colonization will be discussed, including a plausible role for the human microbiome in maintaining a healthy state. With this as a starting point, we will discuss possible disruptive factors contributing to dysbiosis, which is likely to be a key trigger for pathobionts in the development and pathophysiology of respiratory diseases. Finally, from this renewed perspective, we will reflect on current and potential new approaches for treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Hakansson
- Division of Experimental Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University , Lund , Sweden ; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama ; and Center for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - C J Orihuela
- Division of Experimental Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University , Lund , Sweden ; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama ; and Center for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - D Bogaert
- Division of Experimental Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University , Lund , Sweden ; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama ; and Center for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
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23
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Foster PS, Maltby S, Rosenberg HF, Tay HL, Hogan SP, Collison AM, Yang M, Kaiko GE, Hansbro PM, Kumar RK, Mattes J. Modeling T H 2 responses and airway inflammation to understand fundamental mechanisms regulating the pathogenesis of asthma. Immunol Rev 2018; 278:20-40. [PMID: 28658543 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we highlight experiments conducted in our laboratories that have elucidated functional roles for CD4+ T-helper type-2 lymphocytes (TH 2 cells), their associated cytokines, and eosinophils in the regulation of hallmark features of allergic asthma. Notably, we consider the complexity of type-2 responses and studies that have explored integrated signaling among classical TH 2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13), which together with CCL11 (eotaxin-1) regulate critical aspects of eosinophil recruitment, allergic inflammation, and airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR). Among our most important findings, we have provided evidence that the initiation of TH 2 responses is regulated by airway epithelial cell-derived factors, including TRAIL and MID1, which promote TH 2 cell development via STAT6-dependent pathways. Further, we highlight studies demonstrating that microRNAs are key regulators of allergic inflammation and potential targets for anti-inflammatory therapy. On the background of TH 2 inflammation, we have demonstrated that innate immune cells (notably, airway macrophages) play essential roles in the generation of steroid-resistant inflammation and AHR secondary to allergen- and pathogen-induced exacerbations. Our work clearly indicates that understanding the diversity and spatiotemporal role of the inflammatory response and its interactions with resident airway cells is critical to advancing knowledge on asthma pathogenesis and the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Foster
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Steven Maltby
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Helene F Rosenberg
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hock L Tay
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon P Hogan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Adam M Collison
- Paediatric Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Unit, Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and GrowUpWell, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Children's Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Ming Yang
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Gerard E Kaiko
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Rakesh K Kumar
- Pathology, UNSW Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joerg Mattes
- Paediatric Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Unit, Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and GrowUpWell, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Children's Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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24
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Ishii T, Niikura Y, Kurata K, Muroi M, Tanamoto K, Nagase T, Sakaguchi M, Yamashita N. Time-dependent distinct roles of Toll-like receptor 4 in a house dust mite-induced asthma mouse model. Scand J Immunol 2018; 87. [PMID: 29337391 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
House dust mites (HDMs) are a common source of allergens that trigger both allergen-specific and innate immune responses in humans. Here, we examined the effect of allergen concentration and the involvement of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the process of sensitization to house dust mite allergens in an HDM extract-induced asthma mouse model. Intranasal administration of HDM extract induced an immunoglobulin E response and eosinophilic inflammation in a dose-dependent manner from 2.5 to 30 μg/dose. In TLR4-knockout mice, the infiltration of eosinophils and neutrophils into the lung was decreased compared with that in wild-type mice in the early phase of inflammation (total of three doses). However, in the late phase of inflammation (total of seven doses), eosinophil infiltration was significantly greater in TLR4-knockout mice than in wild-type mice. This suggests that the roles of TLR4 signaling are different between the early phase and the later phase of HDM allergen-induced inflammation. Thus, innate immune response through TLR4 regulated the response to HDM allergens, and the regulation was altered during the phase of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ishii
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Niikura
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Kurata
- ITEA Inc., Institute of Tokyo Environmental Allergy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Muroi
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Tanamoto
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Nagase
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Sakaguchi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - N Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan
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25
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Lynch JP, Werder RB, Loh Z, Sikder MAA, Curren B, Zhang V, Rogers MJ, Lane K, Simpson J, Mazzone SB, Spann K, Hayball J, Diener K, Everard ML, Blyth CC, Forstner C, Dennis PG, Murtaza N, Morrison M, Ó Cuív P, Zhang P, Haque A, Hill GR, Sly PD, Upham JW, Phipps S. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells protect from viral bronchiolitis and asthma through semaphorin 4a-mediated T reg expansion. J Exp Med 2017; 215:537-557. [PMID: 29273643 PMCID: PMC5789405 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20170298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lynch et al. provide evidence of a causal relationship between RSV-bronchiolitis and asthma development and highlight a common but age-related Sema4a-mediated pathway by which pDCs and microbial colonization induce T reg cell expansion to confer protection against severe bronchiolitis and asthma. Respiratory syncytial virus–bronchiolitis is a major independent risk factor for subsequent asthma, but the causal mechanisms remain obscure. We identified that transient plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) depletion during primary Pneumovirus infection alone predisposed to severe bronchiolitis in early life and subsequent asthma in later life after reinfection. pDC depletion ablated interferon production and increased viral load; however, the heightened immunopathology and susceptibility to subsequent asthma stemmed from a failure to expand functional neuropilin-1+ regulatory T (T reg) cells in the absence of pDC-derived semaphorin 4a (Sema4a). In adult mice, pDC depletion predisposed to severe bronchiolitis only after antibiotic treatment. Consistent with a protective role for the microbiome, treatment of pDC-depleted neonates with the microbial-derived metabolite propionate promoted Sema4a-dependent T reg cell expansion, ameliorating both diseases. In children with viral bronchiolitis, nasal propionate levels were decreased and correlated with an IL-6high/IL-10low microenvironment. We highlight a common but age-related Sema4a-mediated pathway by which pDCs and microbial colonization induce T reg cell expansion to protect against severe bronchiolitis and subsequent asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Lynch
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rhiannon B Werder
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zhixuan Loh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Md Al Amin Sikder
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bodie Curren
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vivian Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew J Rogers
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katie Lane
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jennifer Simpson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stuart B Mazzone
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kirsten Spann
- School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - John Hayball
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kerrilyn Diener
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mark L Everard
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher C Blyth
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christian Forstner
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul G Dennis
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nida Murtaza
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark Morrison
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Páraic Ó Cuív
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ping Zhang
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ashraful Haque
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Geoffrey R Hill
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter D Sly
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - John W Upham
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simon Phipps
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia .,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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26
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Kumar S, Ward BR, Irani AM. Future Prospects of Biologic Therapies for Immunologic Diseases. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2017; 37:431-448. [PMID: 28366486 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This article presents an overview of future uses for biologic therapies in the treatment of immunologic and allergic conditions. Discussion is centered on the use of existing therapies outside of their current indication or on new therapies that are close to approval. This information may help familiarize practicing allergists and immunologists with therapies they may soon encounter in their practice as well as help identify conditions and treatments that will require further study in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhosh Kumar
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Richmond, Virginia Commonwealth University, CHoR Pavilion, 5th Floor, 1000 East Broad Street, Richmond, VA 23298-0225, USA.
| | - Brant R Ward
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Richmond, Virginia Commonwealth University, CHoR Pavilion, 5th Floor, 1000 East Broad Street, Richmond, VA 23298-0225, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, McGuire Hall, Room 4-115A, 1112 East Clay Street, Richmond, VA 23298-0263, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 East Marshall Street, P.O. Box 980678, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Irani
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Richmond, Virginia Commonwealth University, CHoR Pavilion, 5th Floor, 1000 East Broad Street, Richmond, VA 23298-0225, USA
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27
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Abstract
Asthma is a common chronic lung disease that affects 300 million people worldwide. It causes the airways of the lungs to swell and narrow due to inflammation (swelling and excess mucus build-up in the airways) and airway constriction (tightening of the muscles surrounding the airways). Atopic asthma is the most common form of asthma, and is triggered by inhaled allergens that ultimately promote the activation of the Th2-like T cells and the development of Th2-mediated chronic inflammation. Different subsets of T cells, including T follicular helper cells, tissue-resident T, cells and Th2 effector cells, play different functions during allergic immune response. Dendritic cells (DCs) are known to play a central role in initiating allergic Th2-type immune responses and in the development of the T cell phenotype. However, this function depends on the complex interaction with other cells of the immune system and determines whether the response to environmental allergens will be one of tolerance or allergic inflammation. This review discusses cell interactions leading to the initiation and maintenance of allergic Th2-type immune responses, particularly those associated with allergic asthma.
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28
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Shalaby KH, Al Heialy S, Tsuchiya K, Farahnak S, McGovern TK, Risse PA, Suh WK, Qureshi ST, Martin JG. The TLR4-TRIF pathway can protect against the development of experimental allergic asthma. Immunology 2017; 152:138-149. [PMID: 28502093 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Toll-like receptor (TLR) adaptor proteins myeloid differentiating factor 88 (MyD88) and Toll, interleukin-1 receptor and resistance protein (TIR) domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-β (TRIF) comprise the two principal limbs of the TLR signalling network. We studied the role of these adaptors in the TLR4-dependent inhibition of allergic airway disease and induction of CD4+ ICOS+ T cells by nasal application of Protollin™, a mucosal adjuvant composed of TLR2 and TLR4 agonists. Wild-type (WT), Trif-/- or Myd88-/- mice were sensitized to birch pollen extract (BPEx), then received intranasal Protollin followed by consecutive BPEx challenges. Protollin's protection against allergic airway disease was TRIF-dependent and MyD88-independent. TRIF deficiency diminished the CD4+ ICOS+ T-cell subsets in the lymph nodes draining the nasal mucosa, as well as their recruitment to the lungs. Overall, TRIF deficiency reduced the proportion of cervical lymph node and lung CD4+ ICOS+ Foxp3- cells, in particular. Adoptive transfer of cervical lymph node cells supported a role for Protollin-induced CD4+ ICOS+ cells in the TRIF-dependent inhibition of airway hyper-responsiveness. Hence, our data demonstrate that stimulation of the TLR4-TRIF pathway can protect against the development of allergic airway disease and that a TRIF-dependent adjuvant effect on CD4+ ICOS+ T-cell responses may be a contributing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim H Shalaby
- Department of Medicine, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Saba Al Heialy
- Department of Medicine, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kimitake Tsuchiya
- Department of Medicine, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Soroor Farahnak
- Department of Medicine, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Toby K McGovern
- Department of Medicine, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Paul-Andre Risse
- Department of Medicine, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Woong-Kyung Suh
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Salman T Qureshi
- Department of Medicine, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - James G Martin
- Department of Medicine, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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29
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van Rijt LS, Utsch L, Lutter R, van Ree R. Oxidative Stress: Promoter of Allergic Sensitization to Protease Allergens? Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061112. [PMID: 28545251 PMCID: PMC5485936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergies arise from aberrant T helper type 2 responses to allergens. Several respiratory allergens possess proteolytic activity, which has been recognized to act as an adjuvant for the development of a Th2 response. Allergen source-derived proteases can activate the protease-activated receptor-2, have specific effects on immune cells by cleaving cell membrane-bound regulatory molecules, and can disrupt tight junctions. The protease activity can induce a non-allergen-specific inflammatory response in the airways, which will set the stage for an allergen-specific Th2 response. In this review, we will discuss the evidence for the induction of oxidative stress as an underlying mechanism in Th2 sensitization to proteolytic allergens. We will discuss recent data linking the proteolytic activity of an allergen to its potential to induce oxidative stress and how this can facilitate allergic sensitization. Based on experimental data, we propose that a less proficient anti-oxidant response to allergen-induced oxidative stress contributes to the susceptibility to allergic sensitization. Besides the effect of oxidative stress on the immune response, we will also discuss how oxidative stress can increase the immunogenicity of an allergen by chemical modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie S van Rijt
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Lara Utsch
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - René Lutter
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ronald van Ree
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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30
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Lee HS, Park DE, Song WJ, Park HW, Kang HR, Cho SH, Sohn SW. Effect of 1.8-Cineole in Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus-Stimulated Bronchial Epithelial Cells and Mouse Model of Asthma. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 39:946-52. [PMID: 27251496 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
1.8-Cineole (eucalyptol) is a phytoncide, a volatile organic compound derived from plants. Phytoncides are known to have an anti-inflammatory effect. However, the effects of 1.8-cineole in house dust mite (HDM)-stimulated bronchial epithelial cells are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of 1.8-cineole in HDM-stimulated bronchial epithelial cells and in the HDM-induced murine asthma model. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of 1.8-cineole action in HDM-induced airway inflammation. Human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) were cultured with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) and 1.8-cineole. Cytokine protein levels, phosphorylation of protein kinases, and intracellular Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expressions were measured. In the murine model, BALB/C mice were sensitized with Der p and were exposed to Der p via intranasal route during the challenge period. 1.8-Cineole was given by inhalation 6 h before the each challenge. Treatment with 1.8-cineole inhibited the Der p-induced cytokine protein expression, phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Akt and intracellular TLR4 expression in HBECs. In the Der p-induced mouse model, airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) and the number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was also significantly reduced by 1.8-cineole treatment. The treatment of 1.8-cineole inhibited the increased production of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13 and IL-17A in BALF after Der p challenge. These results suggest that 1.8-cineole suppresses Der p-induced IL-8, IL-6 and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) production in HBECs. Finally, we confirmed that 1.8-cineole decreases AHR and eosinophilic airway inflammation in Der p-induced asthma mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Seung Lee
- Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital Medical Research Center
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31
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Movassagh H, Saati A, Nandagopal S, Mohammed A, Tatari N, Shan L, Duke-Cohan JS, Fowke KR, Lin F, Gounni AS. Chemorepellent Semaphorin 3E Negatively Regulates Neutrophil Migration In Vitro and In Vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:1023-1033. [PMID: 27913633 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil migration is an essential step in leukocyte trafficking during inflammatory responses. Semaphorins, originally discovered as axon guidance cues in neural development, have been shown to regulate cell migration beyond the nervous system. However, the potential contribution of semaphorins in the regulation of neutrophil migration is not well understood. This study examines the possible role of a secreted chemorepellent, Semaphorin 3E (Sema3E), in neutrophil migration. In this study, we demonstrated that human neutrophils constitutively express Sema3E high-affinity receptor, PlexinD1. Sema3E displayed a potent ability to inhibit CXCL8/IL-8-induced neutrophil migration as determined using a microfluidic device coupled to real-time microscopy and a transwell system in vitro. The antimigratory effect of Sema3E on human neutrophil migration was associated with suppression of CXCL8/IL-8-mediated Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 GTPase activity and actin polymerization. We further addressed the regulatory role of Sema3E in the regulation of neutrophil migration in vivo. Allergen airway exposure induced higher neutrophil recruitment into the lungs of Sema3e-/- mice compared with wild-type controls. Administration of exogenous recombinant Sema3E markedly reduced allergen-induced neutrophil recruitment into the lungs, which was associated with alleviation of allergic airway inflammation and improvement of lung function. Our data suggest that Sema3E could be considered an essential regulatory mediator involved in modulation of neutrophil migration throughout the course of neutrophilic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesam Movassagh
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Abeer Saati
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Saravanan Nandagopal
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Ashfaque Mohammed
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Nazanin Tatari
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Lianyu Shan
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Jonathan S Duke-Cohan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215; and
| | - Keith R Fowke
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Francis Lin
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Abdelilah S Gounni
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada;
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Gavino AC, Nahmod K, Bharadwaj U, Makedonas G, Tweardy DJ. STAT3 inhibition prevents lung inflammation, remodeling, and accumulation of Th2 and Th17 cells in a murine asthma model. Allergy 2016; 71:1684-1692. [PMID: 27225906 DOI: 10.1111/all.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND STAT3 drives development of Th17 cells and cytokine production by Th2 and Th17 cells, which contribute to asthma. Alternative asthma treatments are needed, especially for the Th17 phenotype. We sought to determine whether C188-9, a small-molecule STAT3 inhibitor, can block Th2 and Th17 cell expansion and cytokine production to prevent house dust mite (HDM)-induced airway inflammation and remodeling. METHODS Three groups of C57BL/6 mice were treated intranasally (IN) and intraperitoneally (IP) daily for 3 weeks with the following: (i) vehicle 1 IN and vehicle 2 IP, (ii) HDM IN and vehicle 2 IP, or (iii) HDM IN and C188-9 IP. Sections of lung were stained with Alcian Blue/PAS and examined microscopically. Total (t) STAT3, STAT3 phosphorylated on Y705 (pSTAT3), IL-17, IL-13, IL-5, and IL-4 levels were measured in lung protein extracts and serum using Luminex beads. Frequencies of Th2-type and Th17-type lymphocytes were assessed in lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) by multiparametric flow cytometry. RESULTS HDM inhalation markedly increased airway goblet cell numbers and thickness of the epithelium and subepithelial smooth muscle layer, which was accompanied in the whole lung by increased pSTAT3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-17, and % CD4+ T cells that produce IL-5, IL-13, and IL-17. HDM inhalation also increased serum IL-4 and IL-17 levels and increased BALF % CD4+ T cells that produce IL-5 and IL-13. Remarkably, treatment with C188-9 normalized each endpoint. CONCLUSION HDM-induced airway inflammation, remodeling, and Th2/Th17-type cell accumulation involve STAT3 activation that can be prevented by C188-9 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. C. Gavino
- Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology; Department of Medicine; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
| | - K. Nahmod
- Center for Human Immunobiology; Department of Pediatrics; Texas Children's Hospital; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
| | - U. Bharadwaj
- Section of Infectious Disease; Department of Medicine; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
| | - G. Makedonas
- Center for Human Immunobiology; Department of Pediatrics; Texas Children's Hospital; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
| | - D. J. Tweardy
- Section of Infectious Disease; Department of Medicine; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
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Perinatal Activation of the Interleukin-33 Pathway Promotes Type 2 Immunity in the Developing Lung. Immunity 2016; 45:1285-1298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zimmer J, Weitnauer M, Boutin S, Küblbeck G, Thiele S, Walker P, Lasitschka F, Lunding L, Orinska Z, Vock C, Arnold B, Wegmann M, Dalpke A. Nuclear Localization of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-1 Regulates Local Immunity in the Lung. Front Immunol 2016; 7:514. [PMID: 27917175 PMCID: PMC5114302 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) is a negative feedback inhibitor of cytoplasmic Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling. SOCS1 also contains a nuclear localization sequence (NLS), yet, the in vivo importance of nuclear translocation is unknown. We generated transgenic mice containing mutated Socs1ΔNLS that fails to translocate in the cell nucleus (MGLtg mice). Whereas mice fully deficient for SOCS1 die within the first 3 weeks due to excessive interferon signaling and multiorgan inflammation, mice expressing only non-nuclear Socs1ΔNLS (Socs1-/-MGLtg mice) were rescued from early lethality. Canonical interferon gamma signaling was still functional in Socs1-/-MGLtg mice as shown by unaltered tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 and whole genome expression analysis. However, a subset of NFκB inducible genes was dysregulated. Socs1-/-MGLtg mice spontaneously developed low-grade inflammation in the lung and had elevated Th2-type cytokines. Upon ovalbumin sensitization and challenge, airway eosinophilia was increased in Socs1-/-MGLtg mice. Decreased transepithelial electrical resistance in trachea epithelial cells from Socs1-/-MGLtg mice suggests disrupted epithelial cell barrier. The results indicate that nuclear SOCS1 is a regulator of local immunity in the lung and unravel a so far unrecognized function for SOCS1 in the cell nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Zimmer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Michael Weitnauer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Sébastien Boutin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | | | - Sabrina Thiele
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Patrick Walker
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Felix Lasitschka
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Lars Lunding
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany; Division of Asthma Mouse Model, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany; Airway Research Center North, Borstel, Germany
| | - Zane Orinska
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany; Airway Research Center North, Borstel, Germany; Division of Experimental Pneumology, Prority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Christina Vock
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany; Airway Research Center North, Borstel, Germany; Division of Experimental Pneumology, Prority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Bernd Arnold
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Michael Wegmann
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany; Division of Asthma Mouse Model, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany; Airway Research Center North, Borstel, Germany
| | - Alexander Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
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Anas AA, Yang J, Daan de Boer J, Roelofs JJTH, Hou B, de Vos AF, van der Poll T. General, but not myeloid or type II lung epithelial cell, myeloid differentiation factor 88 deficiency abrogates house dust mite induced allergic lung inflammation. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 187:204-212. [PMID: 27625307 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a highly prevalent chronic allergic inflammatory disease of the airways affecting people worldwide. House dust mite (HDM) is the most common allergen implicated in human allergic asthma. HDM-induced allergic responses are thought to depend upon activation of pathways involving Toll-like receptors and their adaptor protein myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88). We sought here to determine the role of MyD88 in myeloid and type II lung epithelial cells in the development of asthma-like allergic disease using a mouse model. Repeated exposure to HDM caused allergic responses in control mice characterized by influx of eosinophils into the bronchoalveolar space and lung tissue, lung pathology and mucus production and protein leak into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. All these responses were abrogated in mice with a general deficiency of MyD88 but unaltered in mice with MyD88 deficiency, specifically in myeloid or type II lung epithelial cells. We conclude that cells other than myeloid or type II lung epithelial cells are responsible for MyD88-dependent HDM-induced allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Anas
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Yang
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Daan de Boer
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J J T H Roelofs
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - B Hou
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - A F de Vos
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - T van der Poll
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Hiraishi Y, Nambu A, Shibui A, Nakanishi W, Yamaguchi S, Morita H, Iikura M, McKenzie AN, Matsumoto K, Sudo K, Yamasoba T, Nagase T, Nakae S. TIM-3 is not essential for development of airway inflammation induced by house dust mite antigens. Allergol Int 2016; 65:459-465. [PMID: 27209052 PMCID: PMC5074363 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-containing molecule 3 (TIM-3), which is preferentially expressed on Th1 cells rather than Th2 cells, is considered to be a negative regulator of Th1 cell function. This suggests that TIM-3 indirectly enhances Th2-type immune responses by suppressing Th1 cell function. Methods To investigate TIM-3's possible involvement in Th2-type acute and chronic airway inflammation, wild-type and TIM-3-deficient (TIM-3−/−) mice were sensitized and challenged with a house dust mite (HDM) extract. Airway inflammation and the number of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) in the mice were determined by histological analysis and with a hemocytometer, respectively. Expression of mRNA in the lungs was determined by quantitative PCR, while the levels of cytokines in the BALFs and IgE in sera were determined by ELISA. Results Despite constitutive expression of TIM-3 mRNA in the lungs, the number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) and the score of pulmonary inflammation were comparable between wild-type and TIM-3−/− mice during both acute and chronic HDM-induced airway inflammation. On the other hand, the number of lymphocytes in the BALFs of TIM-3−/− mice was significantly increased compared with wild-type mice during HDM-induced chronic, but not acute, airway inflammation, while the levels of Th2 cytokines in the BALFs and HDM-specific IgG1 and IgG2a and total IgE in the sera were comparable in both groups. Conclusions Our findings indicate that, in mice, TIM-3 is not essential for development of HDM-induced acute or chronic allergic airway inflammation, although it appears to be involved in reduced lymphocyte recruitment during HDM-induced chronic allergic airway inflammation.
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Nakanishi W, Hiraishi Y, Yamaguchi S, Takamori A, Morita H, Matsumoto K, Saito H, Sudo K, Yamasoba T, Nakae S. TSLP receptor is not essential for house dust mite-induced allergic rhinitis in mice. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 7:119-123. [PMID: 28955898 PMCID: PMC5613305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
TSLP induces Th2 cytokine production by Th2 cells and various other types of cells, thereby contributing to Th2-type immune responses and development of allergic disorders. We found that house dust mite (HDM) extract induced TSLP production by nasal epithelial cells, suggesting that TSLP may be involved in development of HDM-induced allergic rhinitis (AR). To investigate that possibility in greater detail, wild-type and TSLP receptor-deficient (TSLPR-/-) mice on the C57BL/6J background were repeatedly treated intranasally with HDM extract. The frequency of sneezing, numbers of eosinophils and goblet cells, thickness of submucosal layers, serum levels of total IgE and HDM-specific IgG1, and levels of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in the culture supernatants of HDM-stimulated LN cells were comparable in the two mouse strains. Those findings indicate that, in mice, TSLPR is not crucial for development of HDM-induced AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakako Nakanishi
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Hiraishi
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Takamori
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Morita
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Saito
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuko Sudo
- Animal Research Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamasoba
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Nakae
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
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Wardill HR, Bowen JM, Van Sebille YZ, Secombe KR, Coller JK, Ball IA, Logan RM, Gibson RJ. TLR4-Dependent Claudin-1 Internalization and Secretagogue-Mediated Chloride Secretion Regulate Irinotecan-Induced Diarrhea. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2767-2779. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Guo Q, Li H, Liu J, Xu L, Yang L, Sun Z, Zhou B. Tunicamycin aggravates endoplasmic reticulum stress and airway inflammation via PERK-ATF4-CHOP signaling in a murine model of neutrophilic asthma. J Asthma 2016; 54:125-133. [PMID: 27383524 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2016.1205085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been considered to be an important regulator of airway inflammation in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma, but the mechanism of ER stress involved in neutrophilic asthma remain not fully understood. METHODS Tunicamycin is a mixture of homologous nucleoside antibiotics, which is used to induce ER stress. In the present study, Tunicamycin was administered to mouse bronchial epithelial cells and a neutrophilic asthma model (OVALPS-OVA mice), and ER stress indicators and inflammatory cytokines were measured by Western blotting and Elisa. RESULTS Tunicamycin not only induced ER stress in mouse bronchial epithelial cells, but also increased expression of inflammation indicators such as IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α via PERK-ATF4-CHOP signaling. Additionally, the phosphorylation of PERK and the expression levels of ATF4 and CHOP proteins and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) were elevated in the lung tissue of OVALPS-OVA mice. Administering tunicamycin further increased protein expression levels of ER stress indicators and inflammatory cytokines, and resulted in more severe asthma phenotypes in OVALPS-OVA mice, suggesting that PERK-ATF4-CHOP signaling is associated with airway inflammation in neutrophil-dominant asthma. CONCLUSIONS These data support the emerging notion that regulation of ER stress could be strongly associated with the development of neutrophilic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyue Guo
- a Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Huixia Li
- b Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Jiali Liu
- b Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Lin Xu
- c Department of Endocrinology , the Affiliated Guangren Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Lan Yang
- d Department of Respiratory , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Zhongmin Sun
- d Department of Respiratory , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Bo Zhou
- d Department of Respiratory , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
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CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells play a central role in a HDM driven model of allergic asthma. Respir Res 2016; 17:45. [PMID: 27112462 PMCID: PMC4845490 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0359-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of asthma is increasing at an alarming rate and while the current available therapies are effective in the majority of patients they fail to adequately control symptoms at the more severe end of the disease spectrum. In the search to understand disease pathogenesis and find effective therapies animal models are often employed. As exposure to house dust mite (HDM) has a causative link, it is thought of as the allergen of choice for modelling asthma. The objective was to develop a HDM driven model of asthmatic sensitisation and characterise the role of key allergic effector cells/mediators. Methods Mice were sensitised with low doses of HDM and then subsequently challenged. Cellular inflammation, IgE and airway responsiveness (AHR) was assessed in wild type mice or CD4+/CD8+ T cells, B cells or IgE knock out mice. Results Only those mice sensitised with HDM responded to subsequent low dose topical challenge. Similar to the classical ovalbumin model, there was no requirement for systemic alum sensitisation. Characterisation of the role of effector cells demonstrated that the allergic cellular inflammation and AHR was dependent on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells but not B cells or IgE. Finally, we show that this model, unlike the classic OVA model, appears to be resistant to developing tolerance. Conclusions This CD4+/CD8+ T cell dependent, HDM driven model of allergic asthma exhibits key features of asthma. Furthermore, we suggest that the ability to repeat challenge with HDM means this model is amenable to studies exploring the effect of therapeutic dosing in chronic, established disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-016-0359-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Wardill HR, Gibson RJ, Van Sebille YZA, Secombe KR, Coller JK, White IA, Manavis J, Hutchinson MR, Staikopoulos V, Logan RM, Bowen JM. Irinotecan-Induced Gastrointestinal Dysfunction and Pain Are Mediated by Common TLR4-Dependent Mechanisms. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:1376-86. [PMID: 27197307 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Strong epidemiological data indicate that chemotherapy-induced gut toxicity and pain occur in parallel, indicating common underlying mechanisms. We have recently outlined evidence suggesting that TLR4 signaling may contribute to both side effects. We therefore aimed to determine if genetic deletion of TLR4 improves chemotherapy-induced gut toxicity and pain. Forty-two female wild-type (WT) and 42 Tlr4 null (-/-) BALB/c mice weighing between 18 and 25 g (10-13 weeks) received a single 270 mg/kg (i.p.) dose of irinotecan hydrochloride or vehicle control and were killed at 6, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. Bacterial sequencing was conducted on cecal samples of control animals to determine the gut microbiome profile. Gut toxicity was assessed using validated clinical and histopathologic markers, permeability assays, and inflammatory markers. Chemotherapy-induced pain was assessed using the validated rodent facial grimace criteria, as well as immunologic markers of glial activation in the lumbar spinal cord. TLR4 deletion attenuated irinotecan-induced gut toxicity, with improvements in weight loss (P = 0.0003) and diarrhea (P < 0.0001). Crypt apoptosis was significantly decreased in BALB/c-Tlr4(-/-billy) mice (P < 0.0001), correlating with lower mucosal injury scores (P < 0.005). Intestinal permeability to FITC-dextran (4 kDa) and LPS translocation was greater in WT mice than in BALB/c-Tlr4(-/-billy) (P = 0.01 and P < 0.0001, respectively). GFAP staining in the lumbar spinal cord, indicative of astrocytic activation, was increased at 6 and 72 hours in WT mice compared with BALB/c-Tlr4(-/-billy) mice (P = 0.008, P = 0.01). These data indicate that TLR4 is uniquely positioned to mediate irinotecan-induced gut toxicity and pain, highlighting the possibility of a targetable gut/CNS axis for improved toxicity outcomes. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(6); 1376-86. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Wardill
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Rachel J Gibson
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia
| | - Ysabella Z A Van Sebille
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kate R Secombe
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Janet K Coller
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Imogen A White
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jim Manavis
- Adelaide Centre for Neuroscience Research and Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mark R Hutchinson
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Vasiliki Staikopoulos
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Richard M Logan
- School of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joanne M Bowen
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Duong KM, Arikkatt J, Ullah MA, Lynch JP, Zhang V, Atkinson K, Sly PD, Phipps S. Immunomodulation of airway epithelium cell activation by mesenchymal stromal cells ameliorates house dust mite-induced airway inflammation in mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 53:615-24. [PMID: 25789608 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0431oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is underpinned by T helper 2 (Th2) inflammation. Redundancy in Th2 cytokine function and production by innate and adaptive immune cells suggests that strategies aimed at immunomodulation may prove more beneficial. Hence, we sought to determine whether administration of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to house dust mite (HDM) (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus)-sensitized mice would suppress the development of Th2 inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) after HDM challenge. We report that the intravenous administration of allogeneic donor MSCs 1 hour before allergen challenge significantly attenuated the features of allergic asthma, including tissue eosinophilia, Th2 cytokine (IL-5 and IL-13) levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and AHR. The number of infiltrating type 2 innate lymphoid cells was not affected by MSC transfer, suggesting that MSCs may modulate the adaptive arm of Th2 immunity. The effect of MSC administration was long lasting; all features of allergic airway disease were significantly suppressed in response to a second round of HDM challenge 4 weeks after MSC administration. Further, we observed that MSCs decreased the release of epithelial cell-derived alarmins IL-1α and high mobility group box-1 in an IL-1 receptor antagonist-dependent manner. This significantly decreased the expression of the pro-Th2 cytokine IL-25 and reduced the number of activated and antigen-acquiring CD11c(+)CD11b(+) dendritic cells in the lung and mediastinal lymph nodes. Our findings suggest that MSC administration can ameliorate allergic airway inflammation by blunting the amplification of epithelial-derived inflammatory cytokines induced by HDM exposure and may offer long-term protection against Th2-mediated allergic airway inflammation and AHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khang M Duong
- 1 The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Jaisy Arikkatt
- 1 The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - M Ashik Ullah
- 2 The Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane
| | - Jason P Lynch
- 1 The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Vivian Zhang
- 1 The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Kerry Atkinson
- 3 The Queensland University of Technology at the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane.,4 The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane; and
| | - Peter D Sly
- 5 The Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Simon Phipps
- 1 The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane
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Hall SC, Agrawal DK. Toll-like receptors, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells family members and receptor for advanced glycation end-products in allergic airway inflammation. Expert Rev Respir Med 2016; 10:171-84. [PMID: 26678062 PMCID: PMC4955846 DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2016.1133303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disorder of the airways characterized by cellular infiltration, airway hyper-responsive and airway inflammation. Innate immune cells are the first line of defense against endogenous and exogenous signals in the airways and as such possess a diverse array of pattern recognition receptors. Toll-like receptors are crucial sentinels which when activated, can either promote or ameliorate the inflammatory response in predisposed individuals. The recently discovered triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells family members are emerging mediators of inflammation. These receptors are believed to modulate inflammatory responses by collaborating with classic PRRs. Endogenous signals like HMGB-1, signaling through the receptor for advanced glycation end products, also promotes inflammation, however, its contribution to inflammation in the airways is not well known. Here, we discuss the role of each receptor in airway inflammation and highlight potential synergistic mechanisms, which contribute to disease pathogenesis in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sannette C. Hall
- Department of Biomedical Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Devendra K. Agrawal
- Department of Biomedical Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
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Utsch L, Folisi C, Akkerdaas JH, Logiantara A, van de Pol MA, van der Zee JS, Krop EJM, Lutter R, van Ree R, van Rijt LS. Allergic sensitization is associated with inadequate antioxidant responses in mice and men. Allergy 2015; 70:1246-58. [PMID: 26081441 DOI: 10.1111/all.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergies arise from aberrant Th2 responses to allergens. The processes involved in the genesis of allergic sensitization remain elusive. Some allergens such as derived from house dust mites have proteolytic activity which can induce oxidative stress in vivo. A reduced capacity of the host to control oxidative stress might prime for allergic sensitization. METHODS Two different strains of mice were compared for their antioxidant and immune response to HDM. Protease activity of the HDM extract was reduced to investigate its role in oxidative stress induction in the airways and whether this induction could determine allergic sensitization and inflammation. The role of oxidative stress in allergic sensitization was also investigated in humans. An occupational cohort of animal workers was followed for the development of sensitization to rodent urinary proteins. Levels of oxidative stress in serum and antioxidant responses by PBMCs were determined. RESULTS Susceptibility to allergic sensitization to mite allergens in mice was highly dependent on host genetic background and was associated with oxidative stress in the lungs before allergen exposure and poor antioxidant response after allergen exposure. Reduction in mite protease activity limited its capacity to induce oxidative stress and allergic inflammation in mice. We showed that also in human subjects, oxidative stress before allergen exposure and poor antioxidant responses were associated with predisposition to occupational allergy. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that oxidative stress condition before allergen exposure due to an inadequate antioxidant response may prime for allergic Th2 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Utsch
- Department of Experimental Immunology; Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - C. Folisi
- Department of Experimental Immunology; Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - J. H. Akkerdaas
- Department of Experimental Immunology; Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - A. Logiantara
- Department of Experimental Immunology; Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - M. A. van de Pol
- Department of Experimental Immunology; Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | | | - E. J. M. Krop
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - R. Lutter
- Department of Experimental Immunology; Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - R. van Ree
- Department of Experimental Immunology; Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - L. S. van Rijt
- Department of Experimental Immunology; Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
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Chu PY, Sun HL, Ko JL, Ku MS, Lin LJ, Lee YT, Liao PF, Pan HH, Lu HL, Lue KH. Oral fungal immunomodulatory protein-Flammulina velutipes has influence on pulmonary inflammatory process and potential treatment for allergic airway disease: A mouse model. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2015; 50:297-306. [PMID: 26427878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE House dust mite (HDM) is well known as one of the major indoor allergens that trigger allergic inflammation, especially asthma, and accounts for 85% of all cases. So far, asthma has been thought of as a condition of imbalance between T helper (Th)1 and Th2. Fungal immunomodulatory protein-Flammulina velutipes (FIP-fve) has been seemingly demonstrated to modulate the response to Th1 cytokine production. The aim of this study was to investigate if the oral administration of FIP-fve can inhibit HDM-induced asthma inflammation in the mouse model. METHODS We divided the mice (female BALB/c, 4-6 weeks) into four groups: the prevention group, which consisted of mice sensitized by HDM (intraperitoneally on Day 1, Day 7, and Day 14, and intranasally on Day 14, Day 17, Day 21, Day 24, and Day 27) fed with FIP-fve from Day 1 to Day 14; the treatment group, which comprised mice that received treatment from Day 14 to Day 28; the positive control (PC, sensitized by HDM fed without FIP-fve) group; and the negative control group (NC, nonsensitized). Airway hyperresponsiveness induced by methacholine challenge was determined using whole-body barometric plethysmography. In addition, cytokines were analyzed from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum. Histopathological studies and Liu's staining method in mice lungs were also performed. RESULTS The results showed that both pre- and posttreated FIP-fve groups had significantly reduced airway hyperresponsiveness compared with the PC group after methacholine challenge. In addition, a significantly decreased level of HDM-specific immunoglobulin E in serum and decreased production of Th2 cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum were observed in these two FIP-fve fed groups. Moreover, more decreased amounts of infiltrating inflammatory cells were present in the lungs of FIP-fve fed groups than those of the PC group. CONCLUSION Oral FIP-fve had an anti-inflammatory effect on the acute phase of the airway inflammatory process induced by HDM in the mouse model and might have a potentially therapeutic role for allergic airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yu Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Pediatrics, Ministry of Health and Welfare Feng-Yuan Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hai-Lun Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- Institute of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Min-Sho Ku
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ling-Jun Lin
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Tzu Lee
- Institute of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Fen Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Hsien Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsueh-Lin Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ko-Huang Lue
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
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Abstract
In the last 20 years, the development of murine models of allergic asthma has provided researchers with a means to explore the mechanisms of this T-helper type 2 (Th2)-driven inflammatory disease. While systemic sensitization and airway challenge with ovalbumin has been the most widely used model, recent emphasis has been placed on the development of models using more naturally occurring antigens. However, the diversity of models currently available makes it hard for investigators new to this field to choose to use the most effective and appropriate model to test their hypothesis. Here we describe three different mouse models of allergic asthma, including the classical ovalbumin model, a modified ovalbumin model that has been shown to be mast-cell dependent, as well as a house dust mite antigen-induced model. We also discuss briefly their characterization and differences, in the aim to facilitate the choice of the appropriate model when working on this intricate Th2 inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Gold
- The Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Experimental Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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47
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Ullah MA, Revez JA, Loh Z, Simpson J, Zhang V, Bain L, Varelias A, Rose-John S, Blumenthal A, Smyth MJ, Hill GR, Sukkar MB, Ferreira MAR, Phipps S. Allergen-induced IL-6 trans-signaling activates γδ T cells to promote type 2 and type 17 airway inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:1065-73. [PMID: 25930193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A variant in the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) gene increases asthma risk and is predicted to decrease IL-6 classic signaling and increase IL-6 trans-signaling. This suggests that inhibition of IL-6 trans-signaling, but not classic signaling, might suppress allergic airway inflammation. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine whether IL-6 signaling contributes to (1) acute experimental asthma induced by clinically relevant allergens and (2) variation in asthma clinical phenotypes in asthmatic patients. METHODS Mice were sensitized to house dust mite (HDM) or cockroach at day 0, treated with IL-6R inhibitors at day 13, and challenged with the same allergen at days 14 to 17. End points were measured 3 hours after the final challenge. IL-6 and soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) expression in induced sputum of asthmatic patients was correlated with asthma clinical phenotypes. RESULTS Both HDM and cockroach induced a type 2/type 17 cytokine profile and mixed granulocytic inflammation in the airways. Both allergens increased IL-6 expression in the airways, but only cockroach induced sIL-6R expression. Therefore HDM challenge promoted IL-6 classic signaling but not trans-signaling; in this model treatment with anti-IL-6R did not suppress airway inflammation. In contrast, cockroach-induced inflammation involved activation of IL-6 trans-signaling and production of IL-17A by γδ T cells. Anti-IL-6R, selective blockade of sIL-6R, or γδ T-cell deficiency significantly attenuated cockroach-induced inflammation. Asthmatic patients with high airway IL-6 and sIL-6R levels were enriched for the neutrophilic and mixed granulocytic subtypes. CONCLUSION Experimental asthma associated with both high IL-6 and high sIL-6R levels in the airways is attenuated by treatment with IL-6R inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ashik Ullah
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Laboratory for Respiratory Neuroscience and Mucosal Immunity, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Joana A Revez
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Zhixuan Loh
- Laboratory for Respiratory Neuroscience and Mucosal Immunity, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jennifer Simpson
- Laboratory for Respiratory Neuroscience and Mucosal Immunity, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Vivian Zhang
- Laboratory for Respiratory Neuroscience and Mucosal Immunity, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lisa Bain
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Stefan Rose-John
- Department of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Antje Blumenthal
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark J Smyth
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Geoffrey R Hill
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Maria B Sukkar
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; School of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Simon Phipps
- Laboratory for Respiratory Neuroscience and Mucosal Immunity, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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Allergens and the airway epithelium response: gateway to allergic sensitization. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 134:499-507. [PMID: 25171864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Allergic sensitization to inhaled antigens is common but poorly understood. Although lung epithelial cells were initially merely regarded as a passive barrier impeding allergen penetrance, we now realize that they recognize allergens through expression of pattern recognition receptors and mount an innate immune response driven by activation of nuclear factor κB. On allergen recognition, epithelial cells release cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-25, IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, and GM-CSF, and endogenous danger signals, such as high-mobility group box 1, uric acid, and ATP, that activate the dendritic cell network and other innate immune cells, such as basophils and type 2 innate lymphoid cells. Different allergens stimulate different aspects of this general scheme, and common environmental risk factors for sensitization, such as cigarette smoke and diesel particle exposure, do so as well. All of this is influenced by genetic polymorphisms affecting epithelial pattern recognition, barrier function, and cytokine production. Therefore, epithelial cells are crucial in determining the outcome of allergen inhalation.
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Sagar S, Akbarshahi H, Uller L. Translational value of animal models of asthma: Challenges and promises. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 759:272-7. [PMID: 25823808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease in which various environmental stimuli as well as different genes, cell types, cytokines and mediators are implicated. This chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways is estimated to affect as many as 300 million people worldwide. Animal models of asthma, despite their limitations, have contributed greatly to our understanding of disease pathology and the identification of key processes, cells and mediators in asthma. However, it is less likely to develop an animal model of asthma that takes into account all aspects of human disease. The focus in current asthma research is increasingly on severe asthma because this group of patients is not well treated today. Recent advances in studies of asthma exacerbation are thus considered. We therefore need to develop translational model systems for pharmacological evaluation and molecular target discovery of severe asthma and asthma exacerbations. In this review we attempted to discuss the different animal models of asthma, with special emphasis on ovalbumin and house dust mite models, their merits and their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seil Sagar
- Unit of Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden.
| | - Hamid Akbarshahi
- Unit of Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Lena Uller
- Unit of Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden
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50
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Liu B, Lee JB, Chen CY, Hershey GKK, Wang YH. Collaborative interactions between type 2 innate lymphoid cells and antigen-specific CD4+ Th2 cells exacerbate murine allergic airway diseases with prominent eosinophilia. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:3583-93. [PMID: 25780046 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Type-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and the acquired CD4(+) Th2 and Th17 cells contribute to the pathogenesis of experimental asthma; however, their roles in Ag-driven exacerbation of chronic murine allergic airway diseases remain elusive. In this study, we report that repeated intranasal rechallenges with only OVA Ag were sufficient to trigger airway hyperresponsiveness, prominent eosinophilic inflammation, and significantly increased serum OVA-specific IgG1 and IgE in rested mice that previously developed murine allergic airway diseases. The recall response to repeated OVA inoculation preferentially triggered a further increase of lung OVA-specific CD4(+) Th2 cells, whereas CD4(+) Th17 and ILC2 cell numbers remained constant. Furthermore, the acquired CD4(+) Th17 cells in Stat6(-/-)/IL-17-GFP mice, or innate ILC2s in CD4(+) T cell-ablated mice, failed to mount an allergic recall response to OVA Ag. After repeated OVA rechallenge or CD4(+) T cell ablation, the increase or loss of CD4(+) Th2 cells resulted in an enhanced or reduced IL-13 production by lung ILC2s in response to IL-25 and IL-33 stimulation, respectively. In return, ILC2s enhanced Ag-mediated proliferation of cocultured CD4(+) Th2 cells and their cytokine production, and promoted eosinophilic airway inflammation and goblet cell hyperplasia driven by adoptively transferred Ag-specific CD4(+) Th2 cells. Thus, these results suggest that an allergic recall response to recurring Ag exposures preferentially triggers an increase of Ag-specific CD4(+) Th2 cells, which facilitates the collaborative interactions between acquired CD4(+) Th2 cells and innate ILC2s to drive the exacerbation of a murine allergic airway diseases with an eosinophilic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45220
| | - Jee-Boong Lee
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45220
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplant, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205; and
| | - Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45220
| | - Yui-Hsi Wang
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45220;
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