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Ramoni D, Tirandi A, Montecucco F, Liberale L. Sepsis in elderly patients: the role of neutrophils in pathophysiology and therapy. Intern Emerg Med 2024; 19:901-917. [PMID: 38294676 PMCID: PMC11186952 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-023-03515-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis is among the most important causes of mortality, particularly within the elderly population. Sepsis prevalence is on the rise due to different factors, including increasing average population age and the concomitant rise in the prevalence of frailty and chronic morbidities. Recent investigations have unveiled a "trimodal" trajectory for sepsis-related mortality, with the ultimate zenith occurring from 60 to 90 days until several years after the original insult. This prolonged temporal course ostensibly emanates from the sustained perturbation of immune responses, persevering beyond the phase of clinical convalescence. This phenomenon is particularly associated with the aging immune system, characterized by a broad dysregulation commonly known as "inflammaging." Inflammaging associates with a chronic low-grade activation of the innate immune system preventing an appropriate response to infective agents. Notably, during the initial phases of sepsis, neutrophils-essential in combating pathogens-may exhibit compromised activity. Paradoxically, an overly zealous neutrophilic reaction has been observed to underlie multi-organ dysfunction during the later stages of sepsis. Given this scenario, discovering treatments that can enhance neutrophil activity during the early phases of sepsis while curbing their overactivity in the later phases could prove beneficial in fighting pathogens and reducing the detrimental effects caused by an overactive immune system. This narrative review delves into the potential key role of neutrophils in the pathological process of sepsis, focusing on how the aging process impacts their functions, and highlighting possible targets for developing immune-modulatory therapies. Additionally, the review includes tables that outline the principal potential targets for immunomodulating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ramoni
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 Viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Amedeo Tirandi
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 Viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 Viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa-Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Liberale
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 Viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa-Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy.
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2
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Irizar H, Chun Y, Hsu HHL, Li YC, Zhang L, Arditi Z, Grishina G, Grishin A, Vicencio A, Pandey G, Bunyavanich S. Multi-omic integration reveals alterations in nasal mucosal biology that mediate air pollutant effects on allergic rhinitis. Allergy 2024. [PMID: 38796780 DOI: 10.1111/all.16174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis is a common inflammatory condition of the nasal mucosa that imposes a considerable health burden. Air pollution has been observed to increase the risk of developing allergic rhinitis. We addressed the hypotheses that early life exposure to air toxics is associated with developing allergic rhinitis, and that these effects are mediated by DNA methylation and gene expression in the nasal mucosa. METHODS In a case-control cohort of 505 participants, we geocoded participants' early life exposure to air toxics using data from the US Environmental Protection Agency, assessed physician diagnosis of allergic rhinitis by questionnaire, and collected nasal brushings for whole-genome DNA methylation and transcriptome profiling. We then performed a series of analyses including differential expression, Mendelian randomization, and causal mediation analyses to characterize relationships between early life air toxics, nasal DNA methylation, nasal gene expression, and allergic rhinitis. RESULTS Among the 505 participants, 275 had allergic rhinitis. The mean age of the participants was 16.4 years (standard deviation = 9.5 years). Early life exposure to air toxics such as acrylic acid, phosphine, antimony compounds, and benzyl chloride was associated with developing allergic rhinitis. These air toxics exerted their effects by altering the nasal DNA methylation and nasal gene expression levels of genes involved in respiratory ciliary function, mast cell activation, pro-inflammatory TGF-β1 signaling, and the regulation of myeloid immune cell function. CONCLUSIONS Our results expand the range of air pollutants implicated in allergic rhinitis and shed light on their underlying biological mechanisms in nasal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haritz Irizar
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yoojin Chun
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hsiao-Hsien Leon Hsu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yan-Chak Li
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lingdi Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zoe Arditi
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Galina Grishina
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexander Grishin
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alfin Vicencio
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gaurav Pandey
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Supinda Bunyavanich
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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3
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Bottardi S, Layne T, Ramòn AC, Quansah N, Wurtele H, Affar EB, Milot E. MNDA, a PYHIN factor involved in transcriptional regulation and apoptosis control in leukocytes. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1395035. [PMID: 38680493 PMCID: PMC11045911 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation control is critical during the innate immune response. Such response is triggered by the detection of molecules originating from pathogens or damaged host cells by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs subsequently initiate intra-cellular signalling through different pathways, resulting in i) the production of inflammatory cytokines, including type I interferon (IFN), and ii) the initiation of a cascade of events that promote both immediate host responses as well as adaptive immune responses. All human PYRIN and HIN-200 domains (PYHIN) protein family members were initially proposed to be PRRs, although this view has been challenged by reports that revealed their impact on other cellular mechanisms. Of relevance here, the human PYHIN factor myeloid nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA) has recently been shown to directly control the transcription of genes encoding factors that regulate programmed cell death and inflammation. While MNDA is mainly found in the nucleus of leukocytes of both myeloid (neutrophils and monocytes) and lymphoid (B-cell) origin, its subcellular localization has been shown to be modulated in response to genotoxic agents that induce apoptosis and by bacterial constituents, mediators of inflammation. Prior studies have noted the importance of MNDA as a marker for certain forms of lymphoma, and as a clinical prognostic factor for hematopoietic diseases characterized by defective regulation of apoptosis. Abnormal expression of MNDA has also been associated with altered levels of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. Refining our comprehension of the regulatory mechanisms governing the expression of MNDA and other PYHIN proteins, as well as enhancing our definition of their molecular functions, could significantly influence the management and treatment strategies of numerous human diseases. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding PYHIN proteins and their role in innate and adaptive immune responses. Emphasis will be placed on the regulation, function, and relevance of MNDA expression in the control of gene transcription and RNA stability during cell death and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Bottardi
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de l’Est-de-l’Île de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Taylorjade Layne
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de l’Est-de-l’Île de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ailyn C. Ramòn
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de l’Est-de-l’Île de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Norreen Quansah
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de l’Est-de-l’Île de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hugo Wurtele
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de l’Est-de-l’Île de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - El Bachir Affar
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de l’Est-de-l’Île de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Milot
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de l’Est-de-l’Île de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Sun Y, Sun S, Chen P, Dai Y, Yang D, Lin Y, Yi L. Maresins as novel anti-inflammatory actors and putative therapeutic targets in sepsis. Pharmacol Res 2024; 202:107113. [PMID: 38387744 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis, a complex clinical syndrome characterized by an exaggerated host response to infection, often necessitates hospitalization and intensive care unit admission. Delayed or inaccurate diagnosis of sepsis, coupled with suboptimal treatment strategies, can result in unfavorable outcomes, including mortality. Maresins, a newly discovered family of lipid mediators synthesized from docosahexaenoic acid by macrophages, have emerged as key players in promoting inflammation resolution and the termination of inflammatory processes. Extensive evidence has unequivocally demonstrated the beneficial effects of maresins in modulating the inflammatory response associated with sepsis; however, their bioactivity and functions exhibit remarkable diversity and complexity. This article presents a comprehensive review of recent research on the role of maresins in sepsis, aiming to enhance our understanding of their effectiveness and elucidate the specific mechanisms underlying their actions in sepsis treatment. Furthermore, emerging insights into the management of patients with sepsis are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Shujun Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China; Department of Pain, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yan Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China; Department of Pain, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yun Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Lisha Yi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China.
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5
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Sun Z, Zhang L, Wang R, Wang Z, Liang X, Gao J. Identification of shared pathogenetic mechanisms between COVID-19 and IC through bioinformatics and system biology. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2114. [PMID: 38267482 PMCID: PMC10808107 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52625-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 increased global mortality in 2019. Cystitis became a contributing factor in SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 complications. The complex molecular links between cystitis and COVID-19 are unclear. This study investigates COVID-19-associated cystitis (CAC) molecular mechanisms and drug candidates using bioinformatics and systems biology. Obtain the gene expression profiles of IC (GSE11783) and COVID-19 (GSE147507) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Identified the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in both IC and COVID-19, and extracted a number of key genes from this group. Subsequently, conduct Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis on the DEGs. Additionally, design a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, a transcription factor gene regulatory network, a TF miRNA regulatory network, and a gene disease association network using the DEGs. Identify and extract hub genes from the PPI network. Then construct Nomogram diagnostic prediction models based on the hub genes. The DSigDB database was used to forecast many potential molecular medicines that are associated with common DEGs. Assess the precision of hub genes and Nomogram models in diagnosing IC and COVID-19 by employing Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. The IC dataset (GSE57560) and the COVID-19 dataset (GSE171110) were selected to validate the models' diagnostic accuracy. A grand total of 198 DEGs that overlapped were found and chosen for further research. FCER1G, ITGAM, LCP2, LILRB2, MNDA, SPI1, and TYROBP were screened as the hub genes. The Nomogram model, built using the seven hub genes, demonstrates significant utility as a diagnostic prediction model for both IC and COVID-19. Multiple potential molecular medicines associated with common DEGs have been discovered. These pathways, hub genes, and models may provide new perspectives for future research into mechanisms and guide personalised and effective therapeutics for IC patients infected with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenpeng Sun
- Department of Urology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, No.5, Donghai Middle Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266001, Shandong, China
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Ruihong Wang
- Department of Outpatient, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Zhucheng People's Hospital, Zhucheng, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Department of Urology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, No.5, Donghai Middle Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266001, Shandong, China
| | - Jiangang Gao
- Department of Urology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, No.5, Donghai Middle Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266001, Shandong, China.
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Yu CM, Wang Y, Ren SC, Liu ZL, Zhu CL, Liu Q, Li HR, Sun CY, Sun XY, Xie J, Wang JF, Deng XM. Caffeic acid modulates activation of neutrophils and attenuates sepsis-induced organ injury by inhibiting 5-LOX/LTB4 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:111143. [PMID: 37913569 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a critical systemic inflammatory syndrome which usually leads to multiple organ dysfunction. Caffeic acid (CA), a phenolic compound derived from various plants, has been proved to be essential in neuroprotection, but its role in septic organ damage is unclear. This research aimed to investigate whether CA protects against organ injury in a mouse model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). METHODS CA (30 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered by intraperitoneal injection immediately after CLP. The samples of blood, lungs, and livers were collected 24 h later. Organ injury was assessed by histopathological examination (HE staining), neutrophil infiltration (myeloperoxidase fluorescence), oxidative stress levels (MDA, SOD, HO-1), and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) release in lung and liver tissues. Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation was analyzed by immunofluorescence. In vitro experiments were performed to investigate the potential mechanisms of CA using small interfering RNA (siRNA) techniques in neutrophils, and the effect of CA on neutrophil apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Results showed that CA treatment improved the 7-day survival rate and attenuated the histopathological injury in the lung and liver of CLP mice. CA significantly reduced neutrophil infiltration in the lungs and livers of CLP mice. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and LTB4 were reduced in serum, lung, and liver of CA-treated CLP mice, and phosphorylation of MAPK (p38, ERK, JNK) and p65 NF-κB was inhibited in lungs and livers. CA treatment further increased HO-1 levels and enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, but reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and NET formation. Similarly, in vitro experiments showed that CA treatment and 5-LOX siRNA interference inhibited inflammatory activation and NET release in neutrophils, suppressed MAPK and NF-κB phosphorylation in LPS-treated neutrophils, and decreased LTB4 and cfDNA levels. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that CA treatment reversed LPS-mediated delayed apoptosis in human neutrophils, and Western blot also indicated that CA treatment inhibited Bcl-2 expression but increased Bax expression. CA treatment did not induce further changes in neutrophil apoptosis, inflammatory activation, and NET release when 5-LOX was knocked down by siRNA interference. CONCLUSIONS CA has a protective effect on lung and liver injury in a murine model of sepsis, which may be related to inhibition of the 5-LOX/LTB4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Meng Yu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Chun Ren
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Li Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Long Zhu
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ru Li
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Faculty of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Yan Sun
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yang Sun
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Faculty of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Xie
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Feng Wang
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Ming Deng
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Faculty of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Li Y, Zhang C, Samad A, Zheng P, Li Y, Chen F, Jin T. Structural mechanism of dsDNA recognition by the hMNDA HIN domain: New insights into the DNA-binding model of a PYHIN protein. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 245:125461. [PMID: 37348588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The hematopoietic interferon-inducible nuclear (HIN) domain of the PYHIN family of proteins recognizes double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) through different dsDNA-binding modes. These modes apparently confer different roles upon these proteins in the regulation of innate immune responses, gene transcription, and apoptosis. Myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA), a member of the human PYHIN family, binds DNA and regulates gene transcription in monocytes. However, the mechanism of DNA recognition and DNA-binding modes of human MNDA (hMNDA) remain unclear. Here, we determined the crystal structure of the hMNDA-HIN domain in complex with dsDNA at 2.4 Å resolution, and reveal that hMNDA-HIN binds to dsDNA in a sequence-independent manner. Structure and mutation studies indicated that hMNDA-HIN binds to dsDNA through a unique mode, involving two dsDNA-binding interfaces. Interface I exhibits an AIM2-like dsDNA-binding mode, and interface II has a previously unreported mode of dsDNA-binding. These results provide new insights into the DNA-binding modes of this PYHIN protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Caiying Zhang
- Laboratory of Structural Immunology, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Abdus Samad
- Laboratory of Structural Immunology, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Peiyi Zheng
- Laboratory of Structural Immunology, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yajuan Li
- Laboratory of Structural Immunology, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Laboratory of Structural Immunology, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China; Laboratory of Structural Immunology, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui, China; Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China.
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8
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Liang H, Kong X, Cao Z, Wang H, Liu E, Sun F, Qi J, Zhang Q, Zhou Y. Bioinformatics and Raman spectroscopy-based identification of key pathways and genes enabling differentiation between acute myeloid leukemia and T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1194353. [PMID: 37266435 PMCID: PMC10229868 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1194353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) are two of the most prevalent hematological malignancies diagnosed among adult leukemia patients, with both being difficult to treat and associated with high rates of recurrence and mortality. In the present study, bioinformatics approaches were used to analyze both of these types of leukemia in an effort to identify characteristic gene expression patterns that were subsequently validated via Raman spectroscopy. For these analyses, four Gene Expression Omnibus datasets (GSE13204, GSE51082, GSE89565, and GSE131184) pertaining to acute leukemia were downloaded, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were then identified through comparisons of AML and T-ALL patient samples using the R Bioconductor package. Shared DEGs were then subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses and were used to establish a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. In total, 43 and 129 upregulated and downregulated DEGs were respectively identified. Enrichment analyses indicated that these DEGs were closely tied to immune function, collagen synthesis and decomposition, inflammation, the synthesis and decomposition of lipopolysaccharide, and antigen presentation. PPI network module clustering analyses further led to the identification of the top 10 significantly upregulated and downregulated genes associated with disease incidence. These key genes were then validated in patient samples via Raman spectroscopy, ultimately confirming the value of these genes as tools that may aid the differential diagnosis and treatment of AML and T-ALL. Overall, these results thus highlight a range of novel pathways and genes that are linked to the incidence and progression of AML and T-ALL, providing a list of important diagnostic and prognostic molecular markers that have the potential to aid in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of these devastating malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaodong Kong
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhijie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Ertao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Fanfan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianwei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
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9
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Gupta N, Roychoudry S, Sticco KL, Hsu P, Zhang X, Sheikh-Fayyaz S. Study of the Utility of Myeloid Cell Nuclear Differentiation Antigen (MNDA) in the Diagnosis of Marginal Zone Lymphoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2023; 31:217-223. [PMID: 36867739 PMCID: PMC10072213 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA) is normally expressed on myelomonocytic cells and a subset of B lymphocytes. It was found to be differentially expressed between nodal marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) and follicular lymphoma (FL). However, MNDA has not been widely used as a diagnostic marker in clinical practice. To validate its utility, we studied the expression of MNDA by immunohistochemistry in 313 cases of small B-cell lymphomas. Our results showed that MNDA was positive in 77.9% of MZL, 21.9% of mantle cell lymphoma, 28.9% of small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 2.6% of FL, and 25% of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. MNDA positivity varied from 68.0% to 84.0% among the 3 MZL subtypes, with extranodal MZL having the highest percentage. There was a statistically significant difference in MNDA expression between MZL and FL, mantle cell lymphoma, small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia, or lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. CD43 expression was slightly more frequent in MNDA-negative MZL than in MNDA-positive MZL. Combined use of CD43 and MNDA improved the diagnostic sensitivity for MZL from 77.9% to 87.8%. There was a trend of positive correlation between MNDA and p53 in MZL. In conclusion, MNDA is preferentially expressed in MZL among small B-cell lymphomas and it is a useful marker for the differentiation of MZL and FL.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Adult
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/diagnosis
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/pathology
- Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Myeloid Cells/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Gupta
- Department of Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, Northwell Health, Greenvale
| | - Sudarhana Roychoudry
- Department of Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, Northwell Health, Greenvale
- Department of Pathology, Donald and Barbara School of Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY
| | - Kristin L. Sticco
- Department of Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, Northwell Health, Greenvale
- Department of Pathology, Donald and Barbara School of Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY
| | - Peihong Hsu
- Department of Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, Northwell Health, Greenvale
- Department of Pathology, Donald and Barbara School of Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY
| | - Xinmin Zhang
- Department of Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, Northwell Health, Greenvale
- Department of Pathology, Donald and Barbara School of Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY
| | - Silvat Sheikh-Fayyaz
- Department of Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, Northwell Health, Greenvale
- Department of Pathology, Donald and Barbara School of Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY
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10
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Abstract
Neutrophils or polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are an important component of innate host defense. These phagocytic leukocytes are recruited to infected tissues and kill invading microbes. There are several general characteristics of neutrophils that make them highly effective as antimicrobial cells. First, there is tremendous daily production and turnover of granulocytes in healthy adults-typically 1011 per day. The vast majority (~95%) of these cells are neutrophils. In addition, neutrophils are mobilized rapidly in response to chemotactic factors and are among the first leukocytes recruited to infected tissues. Most notably, neutrophils contain and/or produce an abundance of antimicrobial molecules. Many of these antimicrobial molecules are toxic to host cells and can destroy host tissues. Thus, neutrophil activation and turnover are highly regulated processes. To that end, aged neutrophils undergo apoptosis constitutively, a process that contains antimicrobial function and proinflammatory capacity. Importantly, apoptosis facilitates nonphlogistic turnover of neutrophils and removal by macrophages. This homeostatic process is altered by interaction with microbes and their products, as well as host proinflammatory molecules. Microbial pathogens can delay neutrophil apoptosis, accelerate apoptosis following phagocytosis, or cause neutrophil cytolysis. Here, we review these processes and provide perspective on recent studies that have potential to impact this paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Frank R DeLeo
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Mark T Quinn
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
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11
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Pan G, Zhang P, Yang J, Wu Y. The regulatory effect of specialized pro-resolving mediators on immune cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113980. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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12
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Fan X, Jiao L, Jin T. Activation and Immune Regulation Mechanisms of PYHIN Family During Microbial Infection. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:809412. [PMID: 35145495 PMCID: PMC8822057 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.809412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system defenses against pathogen infections via patten-recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs initiate immune responses by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), including peptidoglycan, lipopolysaccharide, and nucleic acids. Several nucleic acid sensors or families have been identified, such as RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), Toll-like receptors (TLRs), cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), and PYHIN family receptors. In recent years, the PYHIN family cytosolic DNA receptors have increased attention because of their important roles in initiating innate immune responses. The family members in humans include Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), IFN-γ inducible protein 16 (IFI16), interferon-inducible protein X (IFIX), and myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA). The PYHIN family members are also identified in mice, including AIM2, p202, p203, p204, and p205. Herein, we summarize recent advances in understanding the activation and immune regulation mechanisms of the PYHIN family during microbial infection. Furthermore, structural characterizations of AIM2, IFI16, p202, and p204 provide more accurate insights into the signaling mechanisms of PYHIN family receptors. Overall, the molecular details will facilitate the development of reagents to defense against viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lianying Jiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Lianying Jiao,
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai, China
- Tengchuan Jin,
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13
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Zhao J, Zhang X, Guan J, Su Y, Jiang J. Identification of key biomarkers in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head and their correlation with immune infiltration by bioinformatics analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:67. [PMID: 35042504 PMCID: PMC8767711 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-04994-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to identify key diagnostic markers and immune infiltration of (SONFH) by bioinformatics analysis. Methods Related SONFH datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. First, we identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and performed the functional enrichment analysis. Then weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and the MCODE plug-in in Cytoscape were used to identify the diagnostic markers of SONFH. Finally, CIBERSORT was used to analyze the immune infiltration between SONFH and healthy controls, and the correlation between infiltrating immune cells and diagnostic markers was analyzed. Results TYROBP, TLR2, P2RY13, TLR8, HCK, MNDA, and NCF2 may be key diagnostic markers of SONFH. Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed that Memory B cells and activated dendritic cells may be related to the SONFH process. Moreover, HCK was negatively correlated with CD8 T cells, and neutrophils were positively correlated with those key diagnostic markers. Conclusions TYROBP, TLR2, P2RY13, TLR8, HCK, MNDA, and NCF2 may be used as diagnostic markers of SONFH, and immune-related mechanism of SONFH and the potential immunotherapy are worthy of further study. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-022-04994-7.
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14
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Gu L, Casserly D, Brady G, Carpenter S, Bracken AP, Fitzgerald KA, Unterholzner L, Bowie AG. Myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen controls the pathogen-stimulated type I interferon cascade in human monocytes by transcriptional regulation of IRF7. Nat Commun 2022; 13:14. [PMID: 35013241 PMCID: PMC8748983 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27701-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) are critical for anti-viral responses, and also drive autoimmunity when dysregulated. Upon viral sensing, monocytes elicit a sequential cascade of IFNβ and IFNα production involving feedback amplification, but how exactly this cascade is regulated in human cells is incompletely understood. Here we show that the PYHIN protein myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA) is required for IFNα induction in monocytes. Unlike other PYHINs, this is not due to a pathogen sensing role, but rather MNDA regulated expression of IRF7, a transcription factor essential for IFNα induction. Mechanistically, MNDA is required for recruitment of STAT2 and RNA polymerase II to the IRF7 gene promoter, and in fact MNDA is itself recruited to the IRF7 promoter after type I IFN stimulation. These data implicate MNDA as a critical regulator of the type I IFN cascade in human myeloid cells and reveal a new role for human PYHINs in innate immune gene induction. The interferon response is a critical component of the innate immune response. Here the authors implicate MNDA in the regulation of type I interferon responses to pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Gu
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - David Casserly
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Gareth Brady
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Susan Carpenter
- Division of Innate Immunity, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Adrian P Bracken
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Katherine A Fitzgerald
- Division of Innate Immunity, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Leonie Unterholzner
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Andrew G Bowie
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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15
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Li R, Song L, Quan Q, Liu MW, Chai W, Lu Q, Li X, Qin J, Chen JY. Detecting Periprosthetic Joint Infection by Using Mass Spectrometry. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2021; 103:1917-1926. [PMID: 34097653 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.20.01944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel methods for diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) are currently being explored. Mass spectrometry (MS) is an approach that can detect whole-protein changes in synovial fluid and may represent a promising method. METHODS Between March 2017 and July 2018, we successively collected synovial fluid samples from patients who were undergoing diagnostic hip or knee aspiration because PJI was suspected. A PJI diagnosis was based on the modified Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria. Cluster analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the results, which were quantitatively confirmed with parallel reaction monitoring in another patient group who underwent aspiration between August 2018 and January 2019. RESULTS A total of 117 synovial samples, including 51 PJI and 66 non-PJI samples, were analyzed with liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS). The cluster analysis sensitivity and specificity based on differentially expressed proteins were 0.961 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.854 to 0.993) and 0.924 (95% CI, 0.825 to 0.972), respectively. Myeloid nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA) and polymorphonuclear leukocyte serine protease 3 (PRTN3) were the 2 most important markers for detecting PJI. The areas under the curves (AUCs) of MNDA and PRTN3 were 0.969 (95% CI, 0.936 to 1.000) and 0.900 (95% CI, 0.844 to 0.956), respectively. When MNDA and PRTN3 were combined as variables of a predictive model to diagnose PJI, the AUC reached 0.975 (95% CI, 0.943 to 1.000). Our parallel reaction monitoring-based quantitative analysis of another 40 synovial samples confirmed this result. CONCLUSIONS MS could be a powerful tool for diagnosing PJI using proteome information or 2 specific markers, MNDA and PRTN3. The parallel reaction monitoring strategy simplified the PJI detection process and provided quantitative results with similar conclusions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The clinical application of MS adds a new powerful tool for the diagnosis of PJI, and the parallel reaction monitoring strategy lays a foundation for the clinical application of MS. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Diagnostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Quan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Ying Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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16
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Lin R, Li L. Innate Neutrophil Memory Dynamics in Disease Pathogenesis. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 276:43-64. [PMID: 34486096 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils, the most abundant leukocytes in circulation and the first responders to infection and inflammation, closely modulate both acute and chronic inflammatory processes. Resting neutrophils constantly patrol vasculature and migrate to tissues when challenges occur. When infection and/or inflammation recede, tissue neutrophils will be subsequently cleaned up by macrophages which collectively contribute to the resolution of inflammation. While most studies focus on the anti-microbial function of neutrophils including phagocytosis, degranulation, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation, recent research highlighted additional contributions of neutrophils beyond simply controlling infectious agents. Neutrophils with resolving characteristics may alter the activities of neighboring cells and facilitate inflammation resolution, modulate long-term macrophage and adaptive immune responses, therefore having important impacts on host pathophysiology. The focus of this chapter is to provide an updated assessment of recent progress in the emerging field of neutrophil programming and memory in the context of both acute and chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- RuiCi Lin
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Liwu Li
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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17
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MNDA controls the expression of MCL-1 and BCL-2 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Exp Hematol 2020; 88:68-82.e5. [PMID: 32682001 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The myeloid nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA) is a stress-induced protein that promotes degradation of the anti-apoptotic factor MCL-1 and apoptosis in myeloid cells. MNDA is also expressed in normal lymphoid cells and in B-cell clones isolated from individuals with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a disease characterized by abnormal apoptosis control. We found that MNDA expression levels inversely correlate with the amount of the anti-apoptotic proteins MCL-1 and BCL-2 in human CLL samples. We report that in response to chemotherapeutic agents that induce genotoxic stress, MNDA exits its typical nucleolar localization and accumulates in the nucleoplasm of CLL and lymphoid cells. Then, MNDA binds chromatin at Mcl1 and Bcl2 genes and affects the transcriptional competence of RNA polymerase II. Our data also reveal that MNDA specifically associates with Mcl1 and Bcl2 (pre-) mRNAs and favors their rapid turnover as a prompt response to genotoxic stress. We propose that this rapid dynamic tuning of RNA levels, which leads to the destabilization of Mcl1 and Bcl2 transcripts, represents a post-transcriptional mechanism of apoptosis control in CLL cells. These results provide an explanation of previous clinical data and corroborate the finding that higher MNDA expression levels in CLL are associated with a better clinical course.
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18
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Riva G, Biolatti M, Pecorari G, Dell’Oste V, Landolfo S. PYHIN Proteins and HPV: Role in the Pathogenesis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Microorganisms 2019; 8:microorganisms8010014. [PMID: 31861809 PMCID: PMC7023031 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the human papillomavirus (HPV) emerged as an etiological cause of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), especially in the oropharynx. The role of two intracellular DNA sensors, which belong to the PYHIN family (interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) and absent in melanoma 2 protein (AIM2)), has been analyzed in relation to HPV infection and head and neck carcinogenesis. In particular, IFI16 and AIM2 expression depends on HPV infection in HNSCC. They represent viral restriction factors and are key components of the intrinsic immunity activated against different viruses, including HPV. This review analyzed and summarized the recent findings about the role of PYHIN proteins in HPV+ and HPV− HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Riva
- Otorhinolaryngology Division, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Matteo Biolatti
- Laboratory of Pathogenesis of Viral Infections, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.B.); (V.D.)
| | - Giancarlo Pecorari
- Otorhinolaryngology Division, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Valentina Dell’Oste
- Laboratory of Pathogenesis of Viral Infections, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.B.); (V.D.)
| | - Santo Landolfo
- Laboratory of Pathogenesis of Viral Infections, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.B.); (V.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-670-5636
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19
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Elder EG, Krishna BA, Williamson J, Lim EY, Poole E, Sedikides GX, Wills M, O'Connor CM, Lehner PJ, Sinclair J. Interferon-Responsive Genes Are Targeted during the Establishment of Human Cytomegalovirus Latency. mBio 2019; 10:e02574-19. [PMID: 31796538 PMCID: PMC6890990 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02574-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) latency is an active process which remodels the latently infected cell to optimize latent carriage and reactivation. This is achieved, in part, through the expression of viral genes, including the G-protein-coupled receptor US28. Here, we use an unbiased proteomic screen to assess changes in host proteins induced by US28, revealing that interferon-inducible genes are downregulated by US28. We validate that major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and two pyrin and HIN domain (PYHIN) proteins, myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA) and IFI16, are downregulated during experimental latency in primary human CD14+ monocytes. We find that IFI16 is targeted rapidly during the establishment of latency in a US28-dependent manner but only in undifferentiated myeloid cells, a natural site of latent carriage. Finally, by overexpressing IFI16, we show that IFI16 can activate the viral major immediate early promoter and immediate early gene expression during latency via NF-κB, a function which explains why downregulation of IFI16 during latency is advantageous for the virus.IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus which infects 50 to 100% of humans worldwide. HCMV causes a lifelong subclinical infection in immunocompetent individuals but is a serious cause of mortality and morbidity in the immunocompromised and neonates. In particular, reactivation of HCMV in the transplant setting is a major cause of transplant failure and related disease. Therefore, a molecular understanding of HCMV latency and reactivation could provide insights into potential ways to target the latent viral reservoir in at-risk patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Elder
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin A Krishna
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - James Williamson
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Y Lim
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Poole
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - George X Sedikides
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Wills
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paul J Lehner
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John Sinclair
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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20
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Pseudoginsenoside-F11 Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Suppressing Neutrophil Infiltration and Accelerating Neutrophil Clearance. Inflammation 2019; 42:1857-1868. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Vogt KL, Summers C, Chilvers ER, Condliffe AM. Priming and de-priming of neutrophil responses in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48 Suppl 2:e12967. [PMID: 29896919 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The activation status of neutrophils can cycle from basal through primed to fully activated ("green-amber-red"), and at least in vitro, primed cells can spontaneously revert to a near basal phenotype. This broad range of neutrophil responsiveness confers extensive functional flexibility, allowing neutrophils to respond rapidly and appropriately to varied and evolving threats throughout the body. Primed and activated cells display dramatically enhanced bactericidal capacity (including augmented respiratory burst activity, degranulation and longevity), but this enhancement also confers the capacity for significant unintended tissue injury. Neutrophil priming and its consequences have been associated with adverse outcomes in a range of disease states, hence understanding the signalling processes that regulate the transition between basal and primed states (and back again) may offer new opportunities for therapeutic intervention in pathological settings. A wide array of host- and pathogen-derived molecules is able to modulate the functional status of these versatile cells. Reflecting this extensive repertoire of potential mediators, priming can be established by a range of signalling pathways (including mitogen-activated protein kinases, phosphoinositide 3-kinases, phospholipase D and calcium transients) and intracellular processes (including endocytosis, vesicle trafficking and the engagement of adhesion molecules). The signalling pathways engaged, and the exact cellular phenotype that results, vary according to the priming agent(s) to which the neutrophil is exposed and the precise environmental context. Herein we describe the signals that establish priming (in particular for enhanced respiratory burst, degranulation and prolonged lifespan) and describe the recently recognised process of de-priming, correlating in vitro observations with in vivo significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja L Vogt
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Bateson Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | - Alison M Condliffe
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Bateson Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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22
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Chatfield SM, Thieblemont N, Witko-Sarsat V. Expanding Neutrophil Horizons: New Concepts in Inflammation. J Innate Immun 2018; 10:422-431. [PMID: 30257246 DOI: 10.1159/000493101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research into neutrophil biology in the last 10 years has uncovered a number of unexpected aspects of this still mysterious innate immune cell. Advances in technology have allowed visualisation of neutrophil trafficking to sites of inflammation, and, remarkably, neutrophils have been observed to depart from the scene in what has been termed reverse migration. There has also been increasing appreciation of the heterogeneity of neutrophils with ongoing categorisation of neutrophil subsets, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells and low-density granulocytes. Newly recognised neutrophil functions include the ability to release novel immune mediators such as extracellular DNA and microvesicles. Finally, studies of neutrophil cell death, both apoptotic and non-apoptotic, have revealed remarkable differences compared to other cell types. This review will highlight important discoveries in these facets of neutrophil biology and how the new findings will inform treatment of diseases where neutrophils are implicated.
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Abstract
Vitamin C is an essential micronutrient for humans, with pleiotropic functions related to its ability to donate electrons. It is a potent antioxidant and a cofactor for a family of biosynthetic and gene regulatory enzymes. Vitamin C contributes to immune defense by supporting various cellular functions of both the innate and adaptive immune system. Vitamin C supports epithelial barrier function against pathogens and promotes the oxidant scavenging activity of the skin, thereby potentially protecting against environmental oxidative stress. Vitamin C accumulates in phagocytic cells, such as neutrophils, and can enhance chemotaxis, phagocytosis, generation of reactive oxygen species, and ultimately microbial killing. It is also needed for apoptosis and clearance of the spent neutrophils from sites of infection by macrophages, thereby decreasing necrosis/NETosis and potential tissue damage. The role of vitamin C in lymphocytes is less clear, but it has been shown to enhance differentiation and proliferation of B- and T-cells, likely due to its gene regulating effects. Vitamin C deficiency results in impaired immunity and higher susceptibility to infections. In turn, infections significantly impact on vitamin C levels due to enhanced inflammation and metabolic requirements. Furthermore, supplementation with vitamin C appears to be able to both prevent and treat respiratory and systemic infections. Prophylactic prevention of infection requires dietary vitamin C intakes that provide at least adequate, if not saturating plasma levels (i.e., 100–200 mg/day), which optimize cell and tissue levels. In contrast, treatment of established infections requires significantly higher (gram) doses of the vitamin to compensate for the increased inflammatory response and metabolic demand.
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24
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Gray RD, Hardisty G, Regan KH, Smith M, Robb CT, Duffin R, Mackellar A, Felton JM, Paemka L, McCullagh BN, Lucas CD, Dorward DA, McKone EF, Cooke G, Donnelly SC, Singh PK, Stoltz DA, Haslett C, McCray PB, Whyte MKB, Rossi AG, Davidson DJ. Delayed neutrophil apoptosis enhances NET formation in cystic fibrosis. Thorax 2017; 73:134-144. [PMID: 28916704 PMCID: PMC5771859 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is defined by large numbers of neutrophils and associated damaging products in the airway. Delayed neutrophil apoptosis is described in CF although it is unclear whether this is a primary neutrophil defect or a response to chronic inflammation. Increased levels of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been measured in CF and we aimed to investigate the causal relationship between these phenomena and their potential to serve as a driver of inflammation. We hypothesised that the delay in apoptosis in CF is a primary defect and preferentially allows CF neutrophils to form NETs, contributing to inflammation. METHODS Blood neutrophils were isolated from patients with CF, CF pigs and appropriate controls. Neutrophils were also obtained from patients with CF before and after commencing ivacaftor. Apoptosis was assessed by morphology and flow cytometry. NET formation was determined by fluorescent microscopy and DNA release assays. NET interaction with macrophages was examined by measuring cytokine generation with ELISA and qRT-PCR. RESULTS CF neutrophils live longer due to decreased apoptosis. This was observed in both cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) null piglets and patients with CF, and furthermore was reversed by ivacaftor (CFTR potentiator) in patients with gating (G551D) mutations. CF neutrophils formed more NETs and this was reversed by cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor exposure. NETs provided a proinflammatory stimulus to macrophages, which was enhanced in CF. CONCLUSIONS CF neutrophils have a prosurvival phenotype that is associated with an absence of CFTR function and allows increased NET production, which can in turn induce inflammation. Augmenting neutrophil apoptosis in CF may allow more appropriate neutrophil disposal, decreasing NET formation and thus inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Gray
- UoE/MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gareth Hardisty
- UoE/MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kate H Regan
- UoE/MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maeve Smith
- UoE/MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Calum T Robb
- UoE/MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rodger Duffin
- UoE/MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Annie Mackellar
- UoE/MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jennifer M Felton
- UoE/MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lily Paemka
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Brian N McCullagh
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Christopher D Lucas
- UoE/MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David A Dorward
- UoE/MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Edward F McKone
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gordon Cooke
- Department of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin and Tallaght Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Seamas C Donnelly
- Department of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin and Tallaght Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pradeep K Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Washington University Medical School, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David A Stoltz
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Christopher Haslett
- UoE/MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul B McCray
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Moira K B Whyte
- UoE/MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adriano G Rossi
- UoE/MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Donald J Davidson
- UoE/MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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25
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Abstract
The life span of a neutrophil is a tightly regulated process as extended survival is beneficial for pathogen elimination and cell death necessary to prevent cytotoxic content release from activated neutrophils at the inflammatory site. Therefore, the control between survival and death must be a dynamic process. We have previously described that proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) which is known as a nuclear protein pivotal in DNA synthesis, is a key element in controlling neutrophil survival through its association with procaspases. Contrary to the dogma which asserted that PCNA has a strictly nuclear function, in mature neutrophils, PCNA is present exclusively within the cytosol due to its nuclear export at the end of the granulocytic differentiation. More recent studies are consistent with the notion that the cytosolic scaffold of PCNA is aimed at modulating neutrophil fate rather than simply preventing death. Ultimately, targeting neutrophil survival might have important applications not just in the field of immunology and inflammation, but also in hematology and transfusion. The neutrophil emerges as a unique and powerful cellular model to unravel the basic mechanisms governing the cell cycle-independent functions of PCNA and should be considered as a leader of the pack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Witko-Sarsat
- INSERM U1016, Paris, France.,Institut Cochin, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Center of Excellence, Labex Inflamex, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Ohayon
- INSERM U1016, Paris, France.,Institut Cochin, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Center of Excellence, Labex Inflamex, Paris, France
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26
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Dorward DA, Felton JM, Robb CT, Craven T, Kipari T, Walsh TS, Haslett C, Kefala K, Rossi AG, Lucas CD. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor AT7519 accelerates neutrophil apoptosis in sepsis-related acute respiratory distress syndrome. Thorax 2016; 72:182-185. [PMID: 27965411 PMCID: PMC5284332 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a neutrophil-dominant disorder with no effective pharmacological therapies. While the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor AT7519 induces neutrophil apoptosis to promote inflammation resolution in preclinical models of lung inflammation, its potential efficacy in ARDS has not been examined. Untreated peripheral blood sepsis-related ARDS neutrophils demonstrated prolonged survival after 20 hours in vitro culture. AT7519 was able to override this phenotype to induce apoptosis in ARDS neutrophils with reduced expression of the pro-survival protein Mcl-1. We demonstrate the first pharmacological compound to induce neutrophil apoptosis in sepsis-related ARDS, highlighting cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors as potential novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Dorward
- The MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jennifer M Felton
- The MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Calum T Robb
- The MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thomas Craven
- The MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tiina Kipari
- The MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Timothy S Walsh
- The MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Critical Care, Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher Haslett
- The MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kallirroi Kefala
- Department of Critical Care, Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adriano G Rossi
- The MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher D Lucas
- The MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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27
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Sepsis-induced impairment of neutrophil chemotaxis on a microfluidic chip. Immunol Lett 2016; 173:55-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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28
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Similar Neutrophil-Driven Inflammatory and Antibacterial Responses in Elderly Patients with Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Bacteriuria. Infect Immun 2015; 83:4142-53. [PMID: 26238715 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00745-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential diagnosis of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) and urinary tract infection (UTI) is based on the presence of diverse symptoms, including fever (≥38.5°C), rigors, malaise, lethargy, flank pain, hematuria, suprapubic discomfort, dysuria, and urgent or frequent urination. There is consensus in the medical community that ASB warrants antibiotic treatment only for patients undergoing urological procedures that lead to mucosal bleeding, catheterized individuals whose ASB persists for more than 48 h after catheter removal, and pregnant women. Pyuria is associated with UTI and implicates host immune responses via release of antibacterial effectors and phagocytosis of pathogens by neutrophils. Such responses are not sufficiently described for ASB. Metaproteomic methods were used here to identify the pathogens and evaluate molecular evidence of distinct immune responses in cases of ASB compared to UTI in elderly patients who were hospitalized upon injury. Neutrophil-driven inflammatory responses to invading bacteria were not discernible in most patients diagnosed with ASB compared to those with UTI. In contrast, proteomic urine analysis for trauma patients with no evidence of bacteriuria, including those who suffered mucosal injuries via urethral catheterization, rarely showed evidence of neutrophil infiltration. The same enzymes contributing to the synthesis of leukotrienes LTB4 and LTC4, mediators of inflammation and pain, were found in the UTI and ASB cohorts. These data support the notion that the pathways mediating inflammation and pain in most elderly patients with ASB are not quantitatively different from those seen in most elderly patients with UTI and warrant larger clinical studies to assess whether a common antibiotic treatment strategy for elderly ASB and UTI patients is justified.
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29
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Diner BA, Li T, Greco TM, Crow MS, Fuesler JA, Wang J, Cristea IM. The functional interactome of PYHIN immune regulators reveals IFIX is a sensor of viral DNA. Mol Syst Biol 2015; 11:787. [PMID: 25665578 PMCID: PMC4358659 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20145808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human PYHIN proteins, AIM2, IFI16, IFIX, and MNDA, are critical regulators of immune response, transcription, apoptosis, and cell cycle. However, their protein interactions and underlying mechanisms remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we provide the interaction network for all PYHIN proteins and define a function in sensing of viral DNA for the previously uncharacterized IFIX protein. By designing a cell-based inducible system and integrating microscopy, immunoaffinity capture, quantitative mass spectrometry, and bioinformatics, we identify over 300 PYHIN interactions reflective of diverse functions, including DNA damage response, transcription regulation, intracellular signaling, and antiviral response. In view of the IFIX interaction with antiviral factors, including nuclear PML bodies, we further characterize IFIX and demonstrate its function in restricting herpesvirus replication. We discover that IFIX detects viral DNA in both the nucleus and cytoplasm, binding foreign DNA via its HIN domain in a sequence-non-specific manner. Furthermore, IFIX contributes to the induction of interferon response. Our results highlight the value of integrative proteomics in deducing protein function and establish IFIX as an antiviral DNA sensor important for mounting immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Diner
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Tuo Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Todd M Greco
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Marni S Crow
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - John A Fuesler
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Jennifer Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Ileana M Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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30
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Connolly DJ, Bowie AG. The emerging role of human PYHIN proteins in innate immunity: implications for health and disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 92:405-14. [PMID: 25199457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune response depends on the ability of immune cells to detect pathogens through germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Recently discovered PRRs include some members of the Pyrin and HIN domain (PYHIN) family, which are encoded on an interferon-inducible gene cluster located on chromosome 1q23. There are five human PYHIN proteins; Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), IFN-γ inducible protein 16 (IFI16), Myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA), Pyrin and HIN domain family member 1 (PYHIN1) and the recently identified Pyrin domain only protein 3 (POP3). Early studies reported roles for these proteins in cell cycle control, tumour suppression and transcriptional regulation. AIM2 and IFI16 have now been shown to be immune sensors of non-self DNA, such as that produced by viruses in infected cells. AIM2 binds DNA to activate the inflammasome, while IFI16 detection of DNA can lead to the up-regulation of type I interferons or inflammasome activation. Recent studies have shown how IFI16 senses DNA viruses, and also how viruses evade detection by IFI16, while structural studies have greatly advanced our understanding of how AIM2 and IFI16 bind DNA to activate these immune responses. Furthermore, following the identification of POP3, interplay between members of this gene cluster has been established, with POP3 acting as a negative regulator of the AIM2 and IFI16 inflammasomes. In this review we discuss the current understanding of how PYHIN proteins function in innate immunity, their role in disease and the therapeutic possibilities that arise as a result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dympna J Connolly
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Andrew G Bowie
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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31
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Lucas CD, Dorward DA, Tait MA, Fox S, Marwick JA, Allen KC, Robb CT, Hirani N, Haslett C, Duffin R, Rossi AG. Downregulation of Mcl-1 has anti-inflammatory pro-resolution effects and enhances bacterial clearance from the lung. Mucosal Immunol 2014; 7:857-68. [PMID: 24280938 PMCID: PMC3940382 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2013.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phagocytes not only coordinate acute inflammation and host defense at mucosal sites, but also contribute to tissue damage. Respiratory infection causes a globally significant disease burden and frequently progresses to acute respiratory distress syndrome, a devastating inflammatory condition characterized by neutrophil recruitment and accumulation of protein-rich edema fluid causing impaired lung function. We hypothesized that targeting the intracellular protein myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1) by a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (AT7519) or a flavone (wogonin) would accelerate neutrophil apoptosis and resolution of established inflammation, but without detriment to bacterial clearance. Mcl-1 loss induced human neutrophil apoptosis, but did not induce macrophage apoptosis nor impair phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils. Neutrophil-dominant inflammation was modelled in mice by either endotoxin or bacteria (Escherichia coli). Downregulating inflammatory cell Mcl-1 had anti-inflammatory, pro-resolution effects, shortening the resolution interval (Ri) from 19 to 7 h and improved organ dysfunction with enhanced alveolar-capillary barrier integrity. Conversely, attenuating drug-induced Mcl-1 downregulation inhibited neutrophil apoptosis and delayed resolution of endotoxin-mediated lung inflammation. Importantly, manipulating lung inflammatory cell Mcl-1 also accelerated resolution of bacterial infection (Ri; 50 to 16 h) concurrent with enhanced bacterial clearance. Therefore, manipulating inflammatory cell Mcl-1 accelerates inflammation resolution without detriment to host defense against bacteria, and represents a target for treating infection-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Lucas
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK,()
| | - D A Dorward
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - M A Tait
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - S Fox
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - J A Marwick
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - K C Allen
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - C T Robb
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - N Hirani
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - C Haslett
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - R Duffin
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - A G Rossi
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
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32
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McCracken JM, Allen LAH. Regulation of human neutrophil apoptosis and lifespan in health and disease. J Cell Death 2014; 7:15-23. [PMID: 25278783 PMCID: PMC4167320 DOI: 10.4137/jcd.s11038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils (also called polymorphonuclear leukocytes, PMNs) are the most abundant white blood cells in humans and play a central role in innate host defense. Another distinguishing feature of PMNs is their short lifespan. Specifically, these cells survive for less than 24 hours in the bloodstream and are inherently pre-programed to die by constitutive apoptosis. Recent data indicate that this process is regulated by intracellular signaling and changes in gene expression that define an “apoptosis differentiation program.” Infection typically accelerates neutrophil turnover, and as such, phagocytosis-induced cell death (PICD) and subsequent clearance of the corpses by macrophages are essential for control of infection and resolution of the inflammatory response. Herein we reprise recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of neutrophil apoptosis with a focus on regulatory factors and pathway intermediates that are specific to this cell type. In addition, we summarize mechanisms whereby perturbation of PMN death contributes directly to the pathogenesis of many infectious and inflammatory disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M McCracken
- Inflammation Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. ; Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Lee-Ann H Allen
- Inflammation Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. ; Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. ; Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. ; Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
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33
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Jin Y, Sharma A, Carey C, Hopkins D, Wang X, Robertson DG, Bode B, Anderson SW, Reed JC, Steed RD, Steed L, She JX. The expression of inflammatory genes is upregulated in peripheral blood of patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2013; 36:2794-802. [PMID: 23637351 PMCID: PMC3747909 DOI: 10.2337/dc12-1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our previous gene expression microarray studies identified a number of genes differentially expressed in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and islet autoantibody-positive subjects. This study was designed to validate these gene expression changes in T1D patients and to identify gene expression changes in diabetes complications. RESEARCH DESIGH AND METHODS: We performed high-throughput real-time RT-PCR to validate gene expression changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a large sample set of 928 T1D patients and 922 control subjects. RESULTS Of the 18 genes analyzed here, eight genes (S100A8, S100A9, MNDA, SELL, TGFB1, PSMB3, CD74, and IL12A) had higher expression and three genes (GNLY, PSMA4, and SMAD7) had lower expression in T1D patients compared with control subjects, indicating that genes involved in inflammation, immune regulation, and antigen processing and presentation are significantly altered in PBMCs from T1D patients. Furthermore, one adhesion molecule (SELL) and three inflammatory genes mainly expressed by myeloid cells (S100A8, S100A9, and MNDA) were significantly higher in T1D patients with complications (odds ratio [OR] 1.3-2.6, adjusted P value = 0.005-10(-8)), especially those patients with neuropathy (OR 4.8-7.9, adjusted P value <0.005). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that inflammatory mediators secreted mainly by myeloid cells are implicated in T1D and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Jin
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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34
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El Kebir D, Filep JG. Modulation of Neutrophil Apoptosis and the Resolution of Inflammation through β2 Integrins. Front Immunol 2013; 4:60. [PMID: 23508943 PMCID: PMC3589696 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise control of the neutrophil death program provides a balance between their defense functions and safe clearance, whereas impaired regulation of neutrophil death is thought to contribute to a wide range of inflammatory pathologies. Apoptosis is essential for neutrophil functional shutdown, removal of emigrated neutrophils, and timely resolution of inflammation. Neutrophils receive survival and pro-apoptosis cues from the inflammatory microenvironment and integrate these signals through surface receptors and common downstream mechanisms. Among these receptors are the leukocyte-specific membrane receptors β2 integrins that are best known for regulating adhesion and phagocytosis. Accumulating evidence indicate that outside-in signaling through the β2 integrin Mac-1 can generate contrasting cues in neutrophils, leading to promotion of their survival or apoptosis. Binding of Mac-1 to its ligands ICAM-1, fibrinogen, or the azurophilic granule enzyme myeloperoxidase suppresses apoptosis, whereas Mac-1-mediated phagocytosis of bacteria evokes apoptotic cell death. Mac-1 signaling is also target for the anti-inflammatory, pro-resolving mediators, including lipoxin A4, aspirin-triggered lipoxin A4, and resolvin E1. This review focuses on molecular mechanisms underlying Mac-1 regulation of neutrophil apoptosis and highlights recent advances how hierarchy of survival and pro-apoptosis signals can be harnessed to facilitate neutrophil apoptosis and the resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Driss El Kebir
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal and Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Montreal, QC, Canada
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35
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Milot E, Fotouhi-Ardakani N, Filep JG. Myeloid nuclear differentiation antigen, neutrophil apoptosis and sepsis. Front Immunol 2012; 3:397. [PMID: 23293639 PMCID: PMC3530780 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis and septic shock are characterized by prolonged inflammation and delayed resolution, which are associated with suppression of neutrophil apoptosis. The role of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway and intracellular factors in regulation of neutrophil apoptosis remain incompletely understood. We previously reported that the nuclear factor MNDA (myeloid nuclear differentiation antigen) is fundamental to execution of the constitutive neutrophil death program. During neutrophil apoptosis MNDA is cleaved by caspases and relocated to the cytoplasm. However, when challenged with known mediators of sepsis, human neutrophils of healthy donors or neutrophils from patients with sepsis exhibited impaired MNDA relocation/cleavage parallel with myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1) accumulation and suppression of apoptosis. MNDA knockdown in a model cell line indicated that upon induction of apoptosis, MNDA promotes proteasomal degradation of MCL-1, thereby aggravating mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, MNDA is central to a novel nucleus-mitochondrion circuit that promotes progression of apoptosis. Disruption of this circuit contributes to neutrophil longevity, thereby identifying MNDA as a potential therapeutic target in sepsis and other inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Milot
- Department of Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada
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Khromov T, Dressel R, Siamishi I, Nolte J, Opitz L, Engel W, Pantakani DVK. Apoptosis-related gene expression profiles of mouse ESCs and maGSCs: role of Fgf4 and Mnda in pluripotent cell responses to genotoxicity. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48869. [PMID: 23145002 PMCID: PMC3492253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells in the developing embryo proliferate and differentiate while maintaining genomic integrity, failure of which may lead to accumulation of mutations and subsequent damage to the embryo. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), the in vitro counterpart of embryo stem cells are highly sensitive to genotoxic stress. Defective ESCs undergo either efficient DNA damage repair or apoptosis, thus maintaining genomic integrity. However, the genotoxicity- and apoptosis-related processes in germ-line derived pluripotent cells, multipotent adult germ-line stem cells (maGSCs), are currently unknown. Here, we analyzed the expression of apoptosis-related genes using OligoGEArray in undifferentiated maGSCs and ESCs and identified a similar set of genes expressed in both cell types. We detected the expression of intrinsic, but not extrinsic, apoptotic pathway genes in both cell types. Further, we found that apoptosis-related gene expression patterns of differentiated ESCs and maGSCs are identical to each other. Comparative analysis revealed that several pro- and anti-apoptotic genes are expressed specifically in pluripotent cells, but markedly downregulated in the differentiated counterparts of these cells. Activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway cause approximately ∼35% of both ESCs and maGSCs to adopt an early-apoptotic phenotype. Moreover, we performed transcriptome studies using early-apoptotic cells to identify novel pluripotency- and apoptosis-related genes. From these transcriptome studies, we selected Fgf4 (Fibroblast growth factor 4) and Mnda (Myeloid cell nuclear differentiating antigen), which are highly downregulated in early-apoptotic cells, as novel candidates and analyzed their roles in apoptosis and genotoxicity responses in ESCs. Collectively, our results show the existence of common molecular mechanisms for maintaining the pristine stem cell pool of both ESCs and maGSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Khromov
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Dressel
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Iliana Siamishi
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jessica Nolte
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Lennart Opitz
- DNA Microarray Facility, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Engel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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37
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Milot E, Filep JG. Regulation of neutrophil survival/apoptosis by Mcl-1. ScientificWorldJournal 2011; 11:1948-62. [PMID: 22125448 PMCID: PMC3217587 DOI: 10.1100/2011/131539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil granulocytes have the shortest lifespan among leukocytes in the circulation and die via apoptosis. At sites of infection or tissue injury, prolongation of neutrophil lifespan is critical for effective host defense. Apoptosis of inflammatory neutrophils and their clearance are critical control points for termination of the inflammatory response. Evasion of neutrophil apoptosis aggravates local injury and leads to persistent tissue damage. The short-lived prosurvival Bcl-2 family protein, Mcl-1 (myeloid cell leukemia-1), is instrumental in controlling apoptosis and consequently neutrophil lifespan in response to rapidly changing environmental cues during inflammation. This paper will focus on multiple levels of control of Mcl-1 expression and function and will discuss targeting Mcl-1 as a potential therapeutic strategy to enhance the resolution of inflammation through accelerating neutrophil apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Milot
- Department of Medicine, Research Center Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, 5415 Boulevard de l'Assomption, Montreal, QC, Canada H1T 2M4
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Vadász I, Sznajder JI. Update in acute lung injury and critical care 2010. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183:1147-52. [PMID: 21531954 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201102-0327up] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- István Vadász
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Giessen Lung Center, Justus Liebig University, Klinikstrasse 36, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Lin WC, Lin CF, Chen CL, Chen CW, Lin YS. Inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis via sphingolipid signaling in acute lung injury. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 339:45-53. [PMID: 21724966 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.181560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by lung inflammation and diffuse infiltration of neutrophils into the alveolar space. The inhibition of alveolar neutrophil apoptosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of ALI. Although sphingolipids may regulate cell apoptosis, the role of sphingolipids in activated neutrophils during ALI is not clear. In this study, we test the hypothesis that sphingolipids would attenuate neutrophil apoptosis that contributes to the development of ALI. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human neutrophils, with or without inhibitor treatment, were analyzed for apoptosis. We found that the inhibitory effect of LPS on neutrophil apoptosis was blocked by treatment with the neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) inhibitor sphingolactone-24 (Sph-24), sphingosine kinase inhibitor II, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor 4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl]pyridine (SB203580) but not by the acidic sphingomyelinase inhibitor chlorpromazine. LPS-activated phosphorylation of p38 MAPK also was attenuated by treatment with Sph-24 and sphingosine kinase inhibitor II. Furthermore, mice with LPS-induced lung injury were treated with the nSMase inhibitor Sph-24 to evaluate its impact on lung injury and survival. The severity of LPS-induced ALI was reduced, and the survival rate was increased in mice treated with Sph-24 compared with that in those given LPS alone. Intracellular levels of sphingolipids in alveolar neutrophils from patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome also were measured. We found that intracellular levels of ceramide and phospho-p38 MAPK were elevated in alveolar neutrophils from acute respiratory distress syndrome patients. Our results demonstrate that activation of the nSMase/sphingosine-1-phosphate pathway to induce p38 MAPK phosphorylation results in inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis, which may contribute to the development of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chieh Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
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