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Ravi A, Jia L, Wu X, van der Meer AD, Gosens R, Stolk J, van der Does AM, Koning F, Hiemstra PS, Khedoe PPJS. Loss of Pulmonary Endothelial Cells in Emphysema Impairs Support of Human Alveolar Epithelial Cell Growth. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024; 70:149-152. [PMID: 38299794 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0084le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abilash Ravi
- Leiden University Medical Center Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Li Jia
- Leiden University Medical Center Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Xinhui Wu
- University of Groningen Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jan Stolk
- Leiden University Medical Center Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Frits Koning
- Leiden University Medical Center Leiden, the Netherlands
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Khedoe PPSJ, van Schadewijk WAAM, Schwiening M, Ng-Blichfeldt JP, Marciniak SJ, Stolk J, Gosens R, Hiemstra PS. Cigarette smoke restricts the ability of mesenchymal cells to support lung epithelial organoid formation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1165581. [PMID: 37795260 PMCID: PMC10546195 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1165581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate lung epithelial repair relies on supportive interactions within the epithelial niche, including interactions with WNT-responsive fibroblasts. In fibroblasts from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or upon in vitro cigarette smoke exposure, Wnt/β-catenin signalling is distorted, which may affect interactions between epithelial cells and fibroblasts resulting in inadequate lung repair. We hypothesized that cigarette smoke (CS), the main risk factor for COPD, interferes with Wnt/β-catenin signalling in fibroblasts through induction of cellular stress responses, including oxidative- and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and thereby alters epithelial repair support potential. Therefore, we assessed the effect of CS-exposure and the ER stress inducer Thapsigargin (Tg) on Wnt/β-catenin signalling activation in MRC-5 fibroblasts, and on their ability to support lung epithelial organoid formation. Exposure of MRC-5 cells for 15 min with 5 AU/mL CS extract (CSE), and subsequent 6 h incubation induced oxidative stress (HMOX1). Whereas stimulation with 100 nM Tg increased markers of both the integrated stress response (ISR - GADD34/PPP1R15A, CHOP) and the unfolded protein response (UPR - XBP1spl, GADD34/PPP1R15A, CHOP and HSPA5/BIP), CSE only induced GADD34/PPP1R15A expression. Strikingly, although treatment of MRC-5 cells with the Wnt activator CHIR99021 upregulated the Wnt/β-catenin target gene AXIN2, this response was diminished upon CSE or Tg pre-exposure, which was confirmed using a Wnt-reporter. Furthermore, pre-exposure of MRC-5 cells to CSE or Tg, restricted their ability to support organoid formation upon co-culture with murine pulmonary EpCam+ cells in Matrigel at day 14. This restriction was alleviated by pre-treatment with CHIR99021. We conclude that exposure of MRC-5 cells to CSE increases oxidative stress, GADD34/PPP1R15A expression and impairs their ability to support organoid formation. This inhibitory effect may be restored by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. P. S. J. Khedoe
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - M. Schwiening
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J. P. Ng-Blichfeldt
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - S. J. Marciniak
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J. Stolk
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - R. Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - P. S. Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
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Gentemann L, Donath S, Seidler AE, Patyk L, Buettner M, Heisterkamp A, Kalies S. Mimicking acute airway tissue damage using femtosecond laser nanosurgery in airway organoids. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1268621. [PMID: 37745302 PMCID: PMC10514509 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1268621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway organoids derived from adult murine epithelial cells represent a complex 3D in vitro system mimicking the airway epithelial tissue's native cell composition and physiological properties. In combination with a precise damage induction via femtosecond laser-based nanosurgery, this model might allow for the examination of intra- and intercellular dynamics in the course of repair processes with a high spatio-temporal resolution, which can hardly be reached using in vivo approaches. For characterization of the organoids' response to single or multiple-cell ablation, we first analyzed overall organoid survival and found that airway organoids were capable of efficiently repairing damage induced by femtosecond laser-based ablation of a single to ten cells within 24 h. An EdU staining assay further revealed a steady proliferative potential of airway organoid cells. Especially in the case of ablation of five cells, proliferation was enhanced within the first 4 h upon damage induction, whereas ablation of ten cells was followed by a slight decrease in proliferation within this time frame. Analyzing individual trajectories of single cells within airway organoids, we found an increased migratory behavior in cells within close proximity to the ablation site following the ablation of ten, but not five cells. Bulk RNA sequencing and subsequent enrichment analysis revealed the differential expression of sets of genes involved in the regulation of epithelial repair, distinct signaling pathway activities such as Notch signaling, as well as cell migration after laser-based ablation. Together, our findings demonstrate that organoid repair upon ablation of ten cells involves key processes by which native airway epithelial wound healing is regulated. This marks the herein presented in vitro damage model suitable to study repair processes following localized airway injury, thereby posing a novel approach to gain insights into the mechanisms driving epithelial repair on a single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Gentemann
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sören Donath
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna E. Seidler
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lara Patyk
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Hannover, Germany
| | - Manuela Buettner
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Heisterkamp
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
| | - Stefan Kalies
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
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4
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Dean CH, Cheong SS. Simple Models of Lung Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1413:17-28. [PMID: 37195524 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26625-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Models are essential to further our understanding of lung development and regeneration and to facilitate identification and testing of potential treatments for lung diseases. A wide variety of rodent and human models are available that recapitulate one or more stages of lung development. This chapter describes the existing 'simple' in vitro, in silico and ex vivo models of lung development. We define which stage(s) of development each model recapitulates and highlight their pros and cons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte H Dean
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Sek-Shir Cheong
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Stolz D, Mkorombindo T, Schumann DM, Agusti A, Ash SY, Bafadhel M, Bai C, Chalmers JD, Criner GJ, Dharmage SC, Franssen FME, Frey U, Han M, Hansel NN, Hawkins NM, Kalhan R, Konigshoff M, Ko FW, Parekh TM, Powell P, Rutten-van Mölken M, Simpson J, Sin DD, Song Y, Suki B, Troosters T, Washko GR, Welte T, Dransfield MT. Towards the elimination of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a Lancet Commission. Lancet 2022; 400:921-972. [PMID: 36075255 PMCID: PMC11260396 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01273-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite substantial progress in reducing the global impact of many non-communicable diseases, including heart disease and cancer, morbidity and mortality due to chronic respiratory disease continues to increase. This increase is driven primarily by the growing burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and has occurred despite the identification of cigarette smoking as the major risk factor for the disease more than 50 years ago. Many factors have contributed to what must now be considered a public health emergency: failure to limit the sale and consumption of tobacco products, unchecked exposure to environmental pollutants across the life course, and the ageing of the global population (partly as a result of improved outcomes for other conditions). Additionally, despite the heterogeneity of COPD, diagnostic approaches have not changed in decades and rely almost exclusively on post-bronchodilator spirometry, which is insensitive for early pathological changes, underused, often misinterpreted, and not predictive of symptoms. Furthermore, guidelines recommend only simplistic disease classification strategies, resulting in the same therapeutic approach for patients with widely differing conditions that are almost certainly driven by variable pathophysiological mechanisms. And, compared with other diseases with similar or less morbidity and mortality, the investment of financial and intellectual resources from both the public and private sector to advance understanding of COPD, reduce exposure to known risks, and develop new therapeutics has been woefully inadequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Stolz
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Clinic of Respiratory Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Takudzwa Mkorombindo
- Lung Health Center, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Desiree M Schumann
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alvar Agusti
- Respiratory Institute-Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona IDIBAPS, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Samuel Y Ash
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mona Bafadhel
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chunxue Bai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - James D Chalmers
- Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Gerard J Criner
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Frits M E Franssen
- Department of Research and Education, CIRO, Horn, Netherlands; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Urs Frey
- University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - MeiLan Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nadia N Hansel
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nathaniel M Hawkins
- Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ravi Kalhan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Melanie Konigshoff
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Fanny W Ko
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Trisha M Parekh
- Lung Health Center, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Maureen Rutten-van Mölken
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management and Institute for Medical Technology Assessment, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jodie Simpson
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Don D Sin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation and Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, China; Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bela Suki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thierry Troosters
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for Rehabilitation in Internal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - George R Washko
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark T Dransfield
- Lung Health Center, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Abstract
The lungs are continually subjected to noxious and inert substances, are immunologically active, and are in a constant state of damage and repair. This makes the pulmonary system particularly vulnerable to diseases of aging. Aging can be understood as random molecular damage that is unrepaired and accumulates over time, resulting in cellular defects and tissue dysfunction. The breakdown of cellular mechanisms, including stem cell exhaustion, genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alteration, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, altered intercellular communication, and changes in the extracellular matrix is thought to advance the aging process itself. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and cancers illustrate a pathologic breakdown in these mechanisms beyond normal aging. The immune system becomes less effective with advancing age. There is a low-level state of chronic inflammation termed inflammaging which is thought to be driven by immunosenescence, the changes in the innate and adaptive immune systems with advancing age that lead to dysregulation and decreased effectiveness of the immune system. These processes of aging lead to expected changes in the form and function of the respiratory system, most notably a loss of lung elasticity, decrease in respiratory muscle strength, increase in ventilation-perfusion mismatching, and stiffening of the vasculature. The astute clinician is aware of these expected findings and does not often attribute dyspnea to aging alone. Maintaining a low threshold to investigate for comorbid disease and understanding how pulmonary disease presents differently in the elderly than in younger adults can improve clinical outcomes. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3509-3522, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Budde
- New York City Health and Hospitals/Metropolitan Hospital, New York, New York, USA
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Irie H, Ozaki M, Chubachi S, Hegab AE, Tsutsumi A, Kameyama N, Sakurai K, Nakayama S, Kagawa S, Wada S, Ishii M, Betsuyaku T, Fukunaga K. Short-term intermittent cigarette smoke exposure enhances alveolar type 2 cell stemness via fatty acid oxidation. Respir Res 2022; 23:41. [PMID: 35236337 PMCID: PMC8889685 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-01948-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cigarette smoke (CS) is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cancer. However, the underlying pathological mechanisms are not well understood. We recently reported that mice exposed to long-term intermittent CS for 3 months developed more severe emphysema and higher incidence of adenocarcinoma than mice exposed to long-term continuous CS for 3 months and long-term continuous CS exposure activated alveolar stem cell proliferation. However, the influence of variations in the CS exposure pattern in alveolar stem cell in unknown. Here, we exposed mice to 3 weeks of continuous or intermittent CS to identify whether different CS exposure patterns would result in differential effects on stem cells and the mechanisms underlying these potential differences. Methods Female mice expressing GFP in alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells, which are stem cells of the alveolar compartment, were exposed to mainstream CS via nasal inhalation. AT2 cells were collected based on their GFP expression by flow cytometry and co-cultured with fibroblasts in stem cell 3D organoid/colony-forming assays. We compared gene expression profiles of continuous and intermittent CS-exposed AT2 cells using microarray analysis and performed a functional assessment of a differentially expressed gene to confirm its involvement in the process using activator and inhibitor studies. Results AT2 cells sorted from intermittent CS-exposed mice formed significantly more colonies compared to those from continuous CS-exposed mice, and both CS-exposed groups formed significantly more colonies when compared to air-exposed cells. Comparative microarray analysis revealed the upregulation of genes related to fatty acid oxidation (FAO) pathways in AT2 cells from intermittent CS-exposed mice. Treatment of intermittent CS-exposed mice with etomoxir, an inhibitor of the FAO regulator Cpt1a, for 5 weeks resulted in a significant suppression of the efficiency of AT2 cell colony formation. In vitro treatment of naïve AT2 cells with a FAO activator and inhibitor further confirmed the relationship between FAO and AT2 stem cell function. Conclusions Alveolar stem cell function was more strongly activated by intermittent CS exposure than by continuous CS exposure. We provide evidence that AT2 stem cells respond to intermittent CS exposure by activating stem cell proliferation via the activation of FAO. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-01948-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Irie
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mari Ozaki
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shotaro Chubachi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Ahmed E Hegab
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Tsutsumi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Naofumi Kameyama
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kaori Sakurai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakayama
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kagawa
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Sachika Wada
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Makoto Ishii
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoko Betsuyaku
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukunaga
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
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Lehmann M, Königshoff M. Regenerative Medicine and the Hope for a Cure. Clin Chest Med 2021; 42:365-373. [PMID: 34024411 PMCID: PMC11283847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Current therapeutic strategies have succeeded in slowing down the progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Emerging evidence highlights IPF as a disease of aging and impaired regeneration. Novel antiaging and regenerative medicine approaches hold promise to be able to reverse disease and might present hope for a cure. Research focusing on a deeper understanding of lung stem cell populations and how these are regulated and altered in fibrotic disease continues to drive the field, and accompanied by earlier diagnosis, the adaptation of clinically relevant models and readouts for regeneration of diseased lung, ultimately paves the way for translation into clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Lehmann
- Research Unit Lung Repair and Regeneration, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, München 81377, Germany
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Research Unit Lung Repair and Regeneration, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, München 81377, Germany; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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9
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Tsutsumi A, Ozaki M, Chubachi S, Irie H, Sato M, Kameyama N, Sasaki M, Ishii M, Hegab AE, Betsuyaku T, Fukunaga K. Exposure to Cigarette Smoke Enhances the Stemness of Alveolar Type 2 Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 63:293-305. [PMID: 32338993 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0188oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) causes chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of epithelial cells, which results in destruction of the lung matrix. However, the mechanism by which the lung fails to repair the CS-induced damage, thereby succumbing to emphysema, remains unclear. Alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells comprise the stem cells of the alveolar compartments and are responsible for repairing and maintaining lung tissues. In this study, we examined the effect of chronic CS on AT2 stem cells. Adult mice expressing GFP in their AT2 cells were exposed to CS for > 3 months. Histological assessment showed that CS not only induced emphysematous changes but also increased the number of AT2 cells compared with that of air-exposed lungs. Assessment of sorted GFP+/AT2 cells via the stem cell three-dimensional organoid/colony-forming assay revealed that the number and size of the colonies formed by the CS-exposed AT2 stem cells were significantly higher than those of air-exposed control AT2 cells. Although CS-exposed lungs had more apoptotic cells, examination of the surviving AT2 stem cells in two-dimensional in vitro culture revealed that they developed a higher ability to resist apoptosis. Microarray analysis of CS-exposed AT2 stem cells revealed the upregulation of genes related to circadian rhythm and inflammatory pathways. In conclusion, we provide evidence that AT2 stem cells respond to chronic CS exposure by activating their stem cell function, thereby proliferating and differentiating faster and becoming more resistant to apoptosis. Disturbances in expression levels of several circadian rhythm-related genes might be involved in these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Tsutsumi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Ozaki
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shotaro Chubachi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Irie
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minako Sato
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naofumi Kameyama
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Sasaki
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Ishii
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ahmed E Hegab
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Betsuyaku
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukunaga
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Hu Y, Ng-Blichfeldt JP, Ota C, Ciminieri C, Ren W, Hiemstra PS, Stolk J, Gosens R, Königshoff M. Wnt/β-catenin signaling is critical for regenerative potential of distal lung epithelial progenitor cells in homeostasis and emphysema. Stem Cells 2020; 38:1467-1478. [PMID: 32526076 PMCID: PMC7116441 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates progenitor cell fate decisions during lung development and in various adult tissues. Ectopic activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes tissue repair in emphysema, a devastating lung disease with progressive loss of parenchymal lung tissue. The identity of Wnt/β-catenin responsive progenitor cells and the potential impact of Wnt/β-catenin signaling on adult distal lung epithelial progenitor cell function in emphysema are poorly understood. Here, we used TCF/ Lef:H2B/GFP reporter mice to investigate the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in lung organoid formation. We identified an organoid-forming adult distal lung epithelial progenitor cell population characterized by a low Wnt/β-catenin activity, which was enriched in club and alveolar epithelial type (AT)II cells. Endogenous Wnt/β-catenin activity was required for the initiation of multiple subtypes of distal lung organoids derived from the Wntlow epithelial progenitors. Further ectopic Wnt/β-catenin activation specifically led to an increase in alveolar organoid number; however, the subsequent proliferation of alveolar epithelial cells in the organoids did not require constitutive Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Distal lung epithelial progenitor cells derived from the mouse model of elastase-induced emphysema exhibited reduced organoid forming capacity. This was rescued by Wnt/β-catenin signal activation, which largely increased the number of alveolar organoids. Together, our study reveals a novel mechanism of lung epithelial progenitor cell activation in homeostasis and emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - John-Poul Ng-Blichfeldt
- Lung Repair and Regeneration Unit, Helmholtz-Zentrum Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, University Hospital Grosshadern, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chiharu Ota
- Lung Repair and Regeneration Unit, Helmholtz-Zentrum Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, University Hospital Grosshadern, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Chiara Ciminieri
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wenhua Ren
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Stolk
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Lung Repair and Regeneration Unit, Helmholtz-Zentrum Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, University Hospital Grosshadern, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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11
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Manevski M, Muthumalage T, Devadoss D, Sundar IK, Wang Q, Singh KP, Unwalla HJ, Chand HS, Rahman I. Cellular stress responses and dysfunctional Mitochondrial-cellular senescence, and therapeutics in chronic respiratory diseases. Redox Biol 2020; 33:101443. [PMID: 32037306 PMCID: PMC7251248 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The abnormal inflammatory responses due to the lung tissue damage and ineffective repair/resolution in response to the inhaled toxicants result in the pathological changes associated with chronic respiratory diseases. Investigation of such pathophysiological mechanisms provides the opportunity to develop the molecular phenotype-specific diagnostic assays and could help in designing the personalized medicine-based therapeutic approaches against these prevalent diseases. As the central hubs of cell metabolism and energetics, mitochondria integrate cellular responses and interorganellar signaling pathways to maintain cellular and extracellular redox status and the cellular senescence that dictate the lung tissue responses. Specifically, as observed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary fibrosis, the mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) crosstalk is disrupted by the inhaled toxicants such as the combustible and emerging electronic nicotine-delivery system (ENDS) tobacco products. Thus, the recent research efforts have focused on understanding how the mitochondria-ER dysfunctions and oxidative stress responses can be targeted to improve inflammatory and cellular dysfunctions associated with these pathologic illnesses that are exacerbated by viral infections. The present review assesses the importance of these redox signaling and cellular senescence pathways that describe the role of mitochondria and ER on the development and function of lung epithelial responses, highlighting the cause and effect associations that reflect the disease pathogenesis and possible intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Manevski
- Department of Immunology and NanoMedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Thivanka Muthumalage
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Dinesh Devadoss
- Department of Immunology and NanoMedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Isaac K Sundar
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Qixin Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kameshwar P Singh
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Hoshang J Unwalla
- Department of Immunology and NanoMedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Hitendra S Chand
- Department of Immunology and NanoMedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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12
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In vitro modelling of alveolar repair at the air-liquid interface using alveolar epithelial cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5499. [PMID: 32218519 PMCID: PMC7099095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62226-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on acute and chronic lung diseases would greatly benefit from reproducible availability of alveolar epithelial cells (AEC). Primary alveolar epithelial cells can be derived from human lung tissue but the quality of these cells is highly donor dependent. Here, we demonstrated that culture of EpCAM+ cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) at the physiological air-liquid interface (ALI) resulted in type 2 AEC-like cells (iAEC2) with alveolar characteristics. iAEC2 cells expressed native AEC2 markers (surfactant proteins and LPCAT-1) and contained lamellar bodies. ALI-iAEC2 were used to study alveolar repair over a period of 2 weeks following mechanical wounding of the cultures and the responses were compared with those obtained using primary AEC2 (pAEC2) isolated from resected lung tissue. Addition of the Wnt/β-catenin activator CHIR99021 reduced wound closure in the iAEC2 cultures but not pAEC2 cultures. This was accompanied by decreased surfactant protein expression and accumulation of podoplanin-positive cells at the wound edge. These results demonstrated the feasibility of studying alveolar repair using hiPSC-AEC2 cultured at the ALI and indicated that this model can be used in the future to study modulation of alveolar repair by (pharmaceutical) compounds.
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13
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Fukumoto J, Leung J, Cox R, Czachor A, Parthasarathy PT, Lagishetty V, Mandry M, Hosseinian N, Patel P, Perry B, Breitzig MT, Alleyn M, Failla A, Cho Y, Cooke AJ, Galam L, Soundararajan R, Sharma N, Lockey RF, Kolliputi N. Oxidative stress induces club cell proliferation and pulmonary fibrosis in Atp8b1 mutant mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:209-229. [PMID: 30636723 PMCID: PMC6339797 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Atp8b1 (ATPase, aminophospholipid transporter, class I, type 8B, member 1) is a cardiolipin transporter in the apical membrane of lung epithelial cells. While the role of Atp8b1 in pneumonia-induced acute lung injury (ALI) has been well studied, its potential role in oxidative stress-induced ALI is poorly understood. We herein show that Atp8b1G308V/G308V mice under hyperoxic conditions display exacerbated cell apoptosis at alveolar epithelium and aberrant proliferation of club cells at bronchiolar epithelium. This hyperoxia-induced ambivalent response in Atp8b1G308V/G308V lungs was followed by patchy distribution of non-uniform interstitial fibrosis at late recovery phase under normoxia. Since this club cell abnormality is commonly observed between Atp8b1G308V/G308V lungs under hyperoxic conditions and IPF lungs, we characterized this mouse fibrosis model focusing on club cells. Intriguingly, subcellular morphological analysis of IPF lungs, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), revealed that metaplastic bronchiolar epithelial cells in fibrotic lesions and deformed type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) in alveoli with mild fibrosis, have common morphological features including cytoplasmic vacuolation and dysmorphic lamellar bodies. In conclusion, the combination of Atp8b1 mutation and hyperoxic insult serves as a novel platform to study unfocused role of club cells in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutaro Fukumoto
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Joseph Leung
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ruan Cox
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Alexander Czachor
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Prasanna Tamarapu Parthasarathy
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Venu Lagishetty
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Maria Mandry
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Nima Hosseinian
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Priyanshi Patel
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Brittany Perry
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Mason T Breitzig
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Matthew Alleyn
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Athena Failla
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Young Cho
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Andrew J Cooke
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Lakshmi Galam
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ramani Soundararajan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Nirmal Sharma
- Advanced Lung Diseases & Lung Transplantation, Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Richard F Lockey
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Narasaiah Kolliputi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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14
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Distler JHW, Györfi AH, Ramanujam M, Whitfield ML, Königshoff M, Lafyatis R. Shared and distinct mechanisms of fibrosis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2019; 15:705-730. [DOI: 10.1038/s41584-019-0322-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Nikolić MZ, Garrido-Martin EM, Greiffo FR, Fabre A, Heijink IH, Boots A, Greene CM, Hiemstra PS, Bartel S. From the pathophysiology of the human lung alveolus to epigenetic editing: Congress 2018 highlights from ERS Assembly 3 "Basic and Translational Science.". ERJ Open Res 2019; 5:00194-2018. [PMID: 31111040 PMCID: PMC6513036 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00194-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Respiratory Society (ERS) International Congress is the largest respiratory congress and brings together leading experts in all fields of respiratory medicine and research. ERS Assembly 3 shapes the basic and translational science aspects of this congress, aiming to combine cutting-edge novel developments in basic research with novel clinical findings. In this article, we summarise a selection of the scientific highlights from the perspective of the three groups within Assembly 3. In particular, we discuss new insights into the pathophysiology of the human alveolus, novel tools in organoid development and (epi)genome editing, as well as insights from the presented abstracts on novel therapeutic targets being identified for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The amount of basic and translational science presented at #ERSCongress is steadily increasing, showing novel cutting-edge technologies and models.http://bit.ly/2GgXIJi
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Z Nikolić
- University College London, Division of Medicine, London, UK.,These contributed equally to this work
| | - Eva M Garrido-Martin
- H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Research Institute Hospital 12 Octubre - Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), and Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium of Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,These contributed equally to this work
| | - Flavia R Greiffo
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), University Hospital Grosshadern, and Helmholtz Zentrum München; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,These contributed equally to this work
| | - Aurélie Fabre
- University College Dublin, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Irene H Heijink
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Depts of Pathology and Medical Biology and Pulmonology, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes Boots
- Dept of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine M Greene
- Lung Biology Group, Dept of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Dept of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Bartel
- Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Disease, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
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16
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Pranke I, Golec A, Hinzpeter A, Edelman A, Sermet-Gaudelus I. Emerging Therapeutic Approaches for Cystic Fibrosis. From Gene Editing to Personalized Medicine. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:121. [PMID: 30873022 PMCID: PMC6400831 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An improved understanding of the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein structure and the consequences of CFTR gene mutations have allowed the development of novel therapies targeting specific defects underlying CF. Some strategies are mutation specific and have already reached clinical development; some strategies include a read-through of the specific premature termination codons (read-through therapies, nonsense mediated decay pathway inhibitors for Class I mutations); correction of CFTR folding and trafficking to the apical plasma membrane (correctors for Class II mutations); and an increase in the function of CFTR channel (potentiators therapy for Class III mutations and any mutant with a residual function located at the membrane). Other therapies that are in preclinical development are not mutation specific and include gene therapy to edit the genome and stem cell therapy to repair the airway tissue. These strategies that are directed at the basic CF defects are now revolutionizing the treatment for patients and should positively impact their survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Pranke
- INSERM U 1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Anita Golec
- INSERM U 1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Hinzpeter
- INSERM U 1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Aleksander Edelman
- INSERM U 1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Sermet-Gaudelus
- INSERM U 1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Centre de Référence Maladie Rare, Mucoviscidose et Maladies de CFTR, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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17
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Zhou B, Flodby P, Luo J, Castillo DR, Liu Y, Yu FX, McConnell A, Varghese B, Li G, Chimge NO, Sunohara M, Koss MN, Elatre W, Conti P, Liebler JM, Yang C, Marconett CN, Laird-Offringa IA, Minoo P, Guan K, Stripp BR, Crandall ED, Borok Z. Claudin-18-mediated YAP activity regulates lung stem and progenitor cell homeostasis and tumorigenesis. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:970-984. [PMID: 29400695 DOI: 10.1172/jci90429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudins, the integral tight junction (TJ) proteins that regulate paracellular permeability and cell polarity, are frequently dysregulated in cancer; however, their role in neoplastic progression is unclear. Here, we demonstrated that knockout of Cldn18, a claudin family member highly expressed in lung alveolar epithelium, leads to lung enlargement, parenchymal expansion, increased abundance and proliferation of known distal lung progenitors, the alveolar epithelial type II (AT2) cells, activation of Yes-associated protein (YAP), increased organ size, and tumorigenesis in mice. Inhibition of YAP decreased proliferation and colony-forming efficiency (CFE) of Cldn18-/- AT2 cells and prevented increased lung size, while CLDN18 overexpression decreased YAP nuclear localization, cell proliferation, CFE, and YAP transcriptional activity. CLDN18 and YAP interacted and colocalized at cell-cell contacts, while loss of CLDN18 decreased YAP interaction with Hippo kinases p-LATS1/2. Additionally, Cldn18-/- mice had increased propensity to develop lung adenocarcinomas (LuAd) with age, and human LuAd showed stage-dependent reduction of CLDN18.1. These results establish CLDN18 as a regulator of YAP activity that serves to restrict organ size, progenitor cell proliferation, and tumorigenesis, and suggest a mechanism whereby TJ disruption may promote progenitor proliferation to enhance repair following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiyun Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, and.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Per Flodby
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, and
| | - Jiao Luo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, and
| | - Dan R Castillo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, and
| | - Yixin Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, and
| | - Fa-Xing Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA.,Childrens Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Alicia McConnell
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Guanglei Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, and
| | - Nyam-Osor Chimge
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, and
| | - Mitsuhiro Sunohara
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, and
| | | | | | | | - Janice M Liebler
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, and
| | - Chenchen Yang
- Department of Surgery.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Crystal N Marconett
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Surgery
| | - Ite A Laird-Offringa
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Surgery.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Parviz Minoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kunliang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Barry R Stripp
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Edward D Crandall
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, and.,Department of Pathology.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zea Borok
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, and.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and
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18
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What do polymorphisms tell us about the mechanisms of COPD? Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2847-2863. [PMID: 29203722 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is characterized by irreversible lung airflow obstruction. Cigarette smoke is the major risk factor for COPD development. However, only a minority number of smokers develop COPD, and there are substantial variations in lung function among smokers, suggesting that genetic determinants in COPD susceptibility. During the past decade, genome-wide association studies and exome sequencing have been instrumental to identify the genetic determinants of complex traits, including COPD. Focused studies have revealed mechanisms by which genetic variants contribute to COPD and have led to novel insights in COPD pathogenesis. Through functional investigations of causal variants in COPD, from the proteinase-antiproteinase theory to emerging roles of developmental pathways (such as Hedgehog and Wnt pathways) in COPD, we have greatly expanded our understanding on this complex pulmonary disease. In this review, we critically review functional investigations on roles of genetic polymorphisms in COPD, and discuss future challenges and opportunities in discovering novel mechanisms of functional variants.
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19
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Generation of Induced Progenitor-like Cells from Mature Epithelial Cells Using Interrupted Reprogramming. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1780-1795. [PMID: 29198829 PMCID: PMC5785620 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A suitable source of progenitor cells is required to attenuate disease or affect cure. We present an "interrupted reprogramming" strategy to generate "induced progenitor-like (iPL) cells" using carefully timed expression of induced pluripotent stem cell reprogramming factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc; OSKM) from non-proliferative Club cells. Interrupted reprogramming allowed controlled expansion yet preservation of lineage commitment. Under clonogenic conditions, iPL cells expanded and functioned as a bronchiolar progenitor-like population to generate mature Club cells, mucin-producing goblet cells, and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-expressing ciliated epithelium. In vivo, iPL cells can repopulate CFTR-deficient epithelium. This interrupted reprogramming process could be metronomically applied to achieve controlled progenitor-like proliferation. By carefully controlling the duration of expression of OSKM, iPL cells do not become pluripotent, and they maintain their memory of origin and retain their ability to efficiently return to their original phenotype. A generic technique to produce highly specified populations may have significant implications for regenerative medicine.
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20
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Ascher K, Elliot SJ, Rubio GA, Glassberg MK. Lung Diseases of the Elderly: Cellular Mechanisms. Clin Geriatr Med 2017; 33:473-490. [PMID: 28991645 DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural lung aging is characterized by molecular and cellular changes in multiple lung cell populations. These changes include shorter telomeres, increased expression of cellular senescence markers, increased DNA damage, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and stem cell exhaustion. Aging, combined with the loss of protective repair processes, correlates with the development and incidence of chronic respiratory diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ultimately, it is the interplay of age-related changes in biology and the subsequent responses to environmental exposures that largely define the physiology and clinical course of the aging lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kori Ascher
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, 1600 Northwest 10th Avenue RMSB 7056 (D-60), Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sharon J Elliot
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Gustavo A Rubio
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Marilyn K Glassberg
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, 1600 Northwest 10th Avenue RMSB 7056 (D-60), Miami, FL 33136, USA; DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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21
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Dial CF, Tune MK, Doerschuk CM, Mock JR. Foxp3 + Regulatory T Cell Expression of Keratinocyte Growth Factor Enhances Lung Epithelial Proliferation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 57:162-173. [PMID: 28296468 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0019oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Repair of the lung epithelium after injury is a critical component for resolution; however, the processes necessary to drive epithelial resolution are not clearly defined. Published data demonstrate that Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) enhance alveolar epithelial proliferation after injury, and Tregs in vitro directly promote type II alveolar epithelial cell (AT2) proliferation, in part by a contact-independent mechanism. Therefore, we sought to determine the contribution of Treg-specific expression of a growth factor that is known to be important in lung repair, keratinocyte growth factor (kgf). The data demonstrate that Tregs express kgf and that Treg-specific expression of kgf regulates alveolar epithelial proliferation during the resolution phase of acute lung injury and in a model of regenerative alveologenesis in vivo. In vitro experiments demonstrate that AT2 cells cocultured with Tregs lacking kgf have decreased rates of proliferation compared with AT2 cells cocultured with wild-type Tregs. Moreover, Tregs isolated from lung tissue and grown in culture express higher levels of two growth factors that are important for lung repair (kgf and amphiregulin) compared with Tregs isolated from splenic tissue. Lastly, Tregs isolated from human lung tissue can be stimulated ex vivo to induce kgf expression. This study reveals mechanisms by which Tregs direct tissue-reparative effects during resolution after acute lung injury, further supporting the emerging role of Tregs in tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine F Dial
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine.,2 Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Miriya K Tune
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine.,2 Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Claire M Doerschuk
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine.,3 Center for Airways Disease, and.,2 Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jason R Mock
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine.,2 Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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22
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Skronska-Wasek W, Mutze K, Baarsma HA, Bracke KR, Alsafadi HN, Lehmann M, Costa R, Stornaiuolo M, Novellino E, Brusselle GG, Wagner DE, Yildirim AÖ, Königshoff M. Reduced Frizzled Receptor 4 Expression Prevents WNT/β-Catenin-driven Alveolar Lung Repair in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 196:172-185. [PMID: 28245136 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201605-0904oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), in particular emphysema, is characterized by loss of parenchymal alveolar tissue and impaired tissue repair. Wingless and INT-1 (WNT)/β-catenin signaling is reduced in COPD; however, the mechanisms thereof, specifically the role of the frizzled (FZD) family of WNT receptors, remain unexplored. OBJECTIVES To identify and functionally characterize specific FZD receptors that control downstream WNT signaling in impaired lung repair in COPD. METHODS FZD expression was analyzed in lung homogenates and alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cells of never-smokers, smokers, patients with COPD, and two experimental COPD models by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence. The functional effects of cigarette smoke on FZD4, WNT/β-catenin signaling, and elastogenic components were investigated in primary ATII cells in vitro and in three-dimensional lung tissue cultures ex vivo. Gain- and loss-of-function approaches were applied to determine the effects of FZD4 signaling on alveolar epithelial cell wound healing and repair, as well as on expression of elastogenic components. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS FZD4 expression was reduced in human and experimental COPD lung tissues as well as in primary human ATII cells from patients with COPD. Cigarette smoke exposure down-regulated FZD4 expression in vitro and in vivo, along with reduced WNT/β-catenin activity. Inhibition of FZD4 decreased WNT/β-catenin-driven epithelial cell proliferation and wound closure, and it interfered with ATII-to-ATI cell transdifferentiation and organoid formation, which were augmented by FZD4 overexpression. Moreover, FZD4 restoration by overexpression or pharmacological induction led to induction of WNT/β-catenin signaling and expression of elastogenic components in three-dimensional lung tissue cultures ex vivo. CONCLUSIONS Reduced FZD4 expression in COPD contributes to impaired alveolar repair capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Skronska-Wasek
- 1 Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Mutze
- 1 Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Hoeke A Baarsma
- 1 Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Ken R Bracke
- 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hani N Alsafadi
- 1 Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Mareike Lehmann
- 1 Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Rita Costa
- 1 Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Mariano Stornaiuolo
- 3 Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; and
| | - Ettore Novellino
- 3 Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; and
| | - Guy G Brusselle
- 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Darcy E Wagner
- 1 Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Ali Ö Yildirim
- 1 Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- 1 Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany.,4 Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado
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23
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Oh DK, Kim YS, Oh YM. Lung Regeneration Therapy for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2016; 80:1-10. [PMID: 28119741 PMCID: PMC5256352 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2017.80.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a critical condition with high morbidity and mortality. Although several medications are available, there are no definite treatments. However, recent advances in the understanding of stem and progenitor cells in the lung, and molecular changes during re-alveolization after pneumonectomy, have made it possible to envisage the regeneration of damaged lungs. With this background, numerous studies of stem cells and various stimulatory molecules have been undertaken, to try and regenerate destroyed lungs in animal models of COPD. Both the cell and drug therapies show promising results. However, in contrast to the successes in laboratories, no clinical trials have exhibited satisfactory efficacy, although they were generally safe and tolerable. In this article, we review the previous experimental and clinical trials, and summarize the recent advances in lung regeneration therapy for COPD. Furthermore, we discuss the current limitations and future perspectives of this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kyu Oh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - You-Sun Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Korea.; University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Mok Oh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.; Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Korea.; University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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24
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Yu Y, Alkhawaji A, Ding Y, Mei J. Decellularized scaffolds in regenerative medicine. Oncotarget 2016; 7:58671-58683. [PMID: 27486772 PMCID: PMC5295461 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic organ transplantation remains the ultimate solution for end-stage organ failure. Yet, the clinical application is limited by the shortage of donor organs and the need for lifelong immunosuppression, highlighting the importance of developing effective therapeutic strategies. In the field of regenerative medicine, various regenerative technologies have lately been developed using various biomaterials to address these limitations. Decellularized scaffolds, derived mainly from various non-autologous organs, have been proved a regenerative capability in vivo and in vitro and become an emerging treatment approach. However, this regenerative capability varies between scaffolds as a result of the diversity of anatomical structure and cellular composition of organs used for decellularization. Herein, recent advances in scaffolds based on organ regeneration in vivo and in vitro are highlighted along with aspects where further investigations and analyses are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Bioscaffold Transplantation and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ali Alkhawaji
- Department of Anatomy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuqiang Ding
- Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jin Mei
- Department of Anatomy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Bioscaffold Transplantation and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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25
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Jiang Z, Lao T, Qiu W, Polverino F, Gupta K, Guo F, Mancini JD, Naing ZZC, Cho MH, Castaldi PJ, Sun Y, Yu J, Laucho-Contreras ME, Kobzik L, Raby BA, Choi AMK, Perrella MA, Owen CA, Silverman EK, Zhou X. A Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Susceptibility Gene, FAM13A, Regulates Protein Stability of β-Catenin. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 194:185-97. [PMID: 26862784 PMCID: PMC5003213 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201505-0999oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE A genetic locus within the FAM13A gene has been consistently associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in genome-wide association studies. However, the mechanisms by which FAM13A contributes to COPD susceptibility are unknown. OBJECTIVES To determine the biologic function of FAM13A in human COPD and murine COPD models and discover the molecular mechanism by which FAM13A influences COPD susceptibility. METHODS Fam13a null mice (Fam13a(-/-)) were generated and exposed to cigarette smoke. The lung inflammatory response and airspace size were assessed in Fam13a(-/-) and Fam13a(+/+) littermate control mice. Cellular localization of FAM13A protein and mRNA levels of FAM13A in COPD lungs were assessed using immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry identified cellular proteins that interact with FAM13A to reveal insights on FAM13A's function. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In murine and human lungs, FAM13A is expressed in airway and alveolar type II epithelial cells and macrophages. Fam13a null mice (Fam13a(-/-)) were resistant to chronic cigarette smoke-induced emphysema compared with Fam13a(+/+) mice. In vitro, FAM13A interacts with protein phosphatase 2A and recruits protein phosphatase 2A with glycogen synthase kinase 3β and β-catenin, inducing β-catenin degradation. Fam13a(-/-) mice were also resistant to elastase-induced emphysema, and this resistance was reversed by coadministration of a β-catenin inhibitor, suggesting that FAM13A could increase the susceptibility of mice to emphysema development by inhibiting β-catenin signaling. Moreover, human COPD lungs had decreased protein levels of β-catenin and increased protein levels of FAM13A. CONCLUSIONS We show that FAM13A may influence COPD susceptibility by promoting β-catenin degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Jiang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Taotao Lao
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Weiliang Qiu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Francesca Polverino
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- The Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Kushagra Gupta
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Feng Guo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - John D. Mancini
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Michael H. Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Peter J. Castaldi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Yang Sun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Jane Yu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Lester Kobzik
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Benjamin A. Raby
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Mark A. Perrella
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Caroline A. Owen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- The Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Edwin K. Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
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26
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The 1918 Influenza Virus PB2 Protein Enhances Virulence through the Disruption of Inflammatory and Wnt-Mediated Signaling in Mice. J Virol 2015; 90:2240-53. [PMID: 26656717 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02974-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The 1918-1919 influenza pandemic remains the single greatest infectious disease outbreak in the past century. Mouse and nonhuman primate infection models have shown that the 1918 virus induces overly aggressive innate and proinflammatory responses. To understand the response to viral infection and the role of individual 1918 genes on the host response to the 1918 virus, we examined reassortant avian viruses nearly identical to the pandemic 1918 virus (1918-like avian virus) carrying either the 1918 hemagglutinin (HA) or PB2 gene. In mice, both genes enhanced 1918-like avian virus replication, but only the mammalian host adaptation of the 1918-like avian virus through reassortment of the 1918 PB2 led to increased lethality. Through the combination of viral genetics and host transcriptional profiling, we provide a multidimensional view of the molecular mechanisms by which the 1918 PB2 gene drives viral pathogenicity. We demonstrate that 1918 PB2 enhances immune and inflammatory responses concomitant with increased cellular infiltration in the lung. We also show for the first time, that 1918 PB2 expression results in the repression of both canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways, which are crucial for inflammation-mediated lung regeneration and repair. Finally, we utilize regulatory enrichment and network analysis to define the molecular regulators of inflammation, epithelial regeneration, and lung immunopathology that are dysregulated during influenza virus infection. Taken together, our data suggest that while both HA and PB2 are important for viral replication, only 1918 PB2 exacerbates lung damage in mice infected with a reassortant 1918-like avian virus. IMPORTANCE As viral pathogenesis is determined in part by the host response, understanding the key host molecular driver(s) of virus-mediated disease, in relation to individual viral genes, is a promising approach to host-oriented drug efforts in preventing disease. Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of host adaptive genes, HA and PB2, in mediating disease although the mechanisms by which they do so are still poorly understood. Here, we combine viral genetics and host transcriptional profiling to show that although both 1918 HA and 1918 PB2 are important mediators of efficient viral replication, only 1918 PB2 impacts the pathogenicity of an avian influenza virus sharing high homology to the 1918 pandemic influenza virus. We demonstrate that 1918 PB2 enhances deleterious inflammatory responses and the inhibition of regeneration and repair functions coordinated by Wnt signaling in the lungs of infected mice, thereby promoting virus-associated disease.
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27
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Syndecan 4 Mediates Nrf2-dependent Expansion of Bronchiolar Progenitors That Protect Against Lung Inflammation. Mol Ther 2015; 24:41-52. [PMID: 26307669 PMCID: PMC4754542 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of lung progenitors for regenerative medicine appears promising, but their biology is not fully understood. Here, we found anti-inflammatory attributes in bronchiolar progenitors that were sorted as a multipotent subset of mouse club cells and found to express secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI). Notably, the impaired expression of SLPI in mice increased the number of bronchiolar progenitors and decreased the lung inflammation. We determined a transcriptional profile for the bronchiolar progenitors of Slpi-deficient mice and identified syndecan 4, whose expression was markedly elevated as compared to that of wild-type mice. Systemic administration of recombinant syndecan 4 protein caused a substantial increase in the number of bronchiolar progenitors with concomitant attenuation of both airway and alveolar inflammation. The syndecan 4 administration also resulted in activation of the Keap1-Nrf2 antioxidant pathway in lung cells, which is critically involved in the therapeutic responses to the syndecan 4 treatment. Moreover, in 3D culture, the presence of syndecan 4 induced differentiated club cells to undergo Nrf2-dependent transition into bronchiolar progenitors. Our observations reveal that differentiative switches between bronchiolar progenitors and club cells are under the Nrf2-mediated control of SLPI and syndecan 4, suggesting the possibility of new therapeutic approaches in inflammatory lung diseases.
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28
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Uhl FE, Vierkotten S, Wagner DE, Burgstaller G, Costa R, Koch I, Lindner M, Meiners S, Eickelberg O, Königshoff M. Preclinical validation and imaging of Wnt-induced repair in human 3D lung tissue cultures. Eur Respir J 2015; 46:1150-66. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00183214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by a progressive loss of lung tissue. Inducing repair processes within the adult diseased lung is of major interest and Wnt/β-catenin signalling represents a promising target for lung repair. However, the translation of novel therapeutic targets from model systems into clinical use remains a major challenge.We generated murine and patient-derived three-dimensional (3D) ex vivo lung tissue cultures (LTCs), which closely mimic the 3D lung microenvironment in vivo. Using two well-known glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitors, lithium chloride (LiCl) and CHIR 99021 (CT), we determined Wnt/β-catenin-driven lung repair processes in high spatiotemporal resolution using quantitative PCR, Western blotting, ELISA, (immuno)histological assessment, and four-dimensional confocal live tissue imaging.Viable 3D-LTCs exhibited preserved lung structure and function for up to 5 days. We demonstrate successful Wnt/β-catenin signal activation in murine and patient-derived 3D-LTCs from COPD patients. Wnt/β-catenin signalling led to increased alveolar epithelial cell marker expression, decreased matrix metalloproteinase-12 expression, as well as altered macrophage activity and elastin remodelling. Importantly, induction of surfactant protein C significantly correlated with disease stage (per cent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s) in patient-derived 3D-LTCs.Patient-derived 3D-LTCs represent a valuable tool to analyse potential targets and drugs for lung repair. Enhanced Wnt/β-catenin signalling attenuated pathological features of patient-derived COPD 3D-LTCs.
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29
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O'Leary C, Gilbert JL, O'Dea S, O'Brien FJ, Cryan SA. Respiratory Tissue Engineering: Current Status and Opportunities for the Future. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015; 21:323-44. [PMID: 25587703 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2014.0525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Currently, lung disease and major airway trauma constitute a major global healthcare burden with limited treatment options. Airway diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis have been identified as the fifth highest cause of mortality worldwide and are estimated to rise to fourth place by 2030. Alternate approaches and therapeutic modalities are urgently needed to improve clinical outcomes for chronic lung disease. This can be achieved through tissue engineering of the respiratory tract. Interest is growing in the use of airway tissue-engineered constructs as both a research tool, to further our understanding of airway pathology, validate new drugs, and pave the way for novel drug therapies, and also as regenerative medical devices or as an alternative to transplant tissue. This review provides a concise summary of the field of respiratory tissue engineering to date. An initial overview of airway anatomy and physiology is given, followed by a description of the stem cell populations and signaling processes involved in parenchymal healing and tissue repair. We then focus on the different biomaterials and tissue-engineered systems employed in upper and lower respiratory tract engineering and give a final perspective of the opportunities and challenges facing the field of respiratory tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cian O'Leary
- 1 Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin, Ireland .,2 School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin, Ireland .,3 Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jennifer L Gilbert
- 4 Department of Biology, Institute of Immunology, University of Ireland , Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Shirley O'Dea
- 4 Department of Biology, Institute of Immunology, University of Ireland , Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- 1 Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin, Ireland .,3 Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland .,5 Trinity Centre of Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- 1 Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin, Ireland .,2 School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin, Ireland .,5 Trinity Centre of Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
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30
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Abstract
Ageing is the main risk factor for major non-communicable chronic lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, most forms of lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. While the prevalence of these diseases continually increases with age, their respective incidence peaks at different times during the lifespan, suggesting specific effects of ageing on the onset and/or pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Recently, the nine hallmarks of ageing have been defined as cell-autonomous and non-autonomous pathways involved in ageing. Here, we review the available evidence for the involvement of each of these hallmarks in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Importantly, we propose an additional hallmark, “dysregulation of the extracellular matrix”, which we argue acts as a crucial modifier of cell-autonomous changes and functions, and as a key feature of the above-mentioned lung diseases.
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31
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Cigarette smoke alters primary human bronchial epithelial cell differentiation at the air-liquid interface. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8163. [PMID: 25641363 PMCID: PMC4313097 DOI: 10.1038/srep08163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiated human airway epithelium consists of different cell types forming a polarized and pseudostratified epithelium. This is dramatically altered in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by basal and goblet cell hyperplasia, and squamous cell metaplasia. The effect of cigarette smoke on human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) differentiation remains to be elucidated. We analysed whether cigarette smoke extract (CSE) affected primary (p)HBEC differentiation and function. pHBEC were differentiated at the air-liquid interface (ALI) and differentiation was quantified after 7, 14, 21, or 28 days by assessing acetylated tubulin, CC10, or MUC5AC for ciliated, Clara, or goblet cells, respectively. Exposure of differentiating pHBEC to CSE impaired epithelial barrier formation, as assessed by resistance measurements (TEER). Importantly, CSE exposure significantly reduced the number of ciliated cells, while it increased the number of Clara and goblet cells. CSE-dependent cell number changes were reflected by a reduction of acetylated tubulin levels, an increased expression of the basal cell marker KRT14, and increased secretion of CC10, but not by changes in transcript levels of CC10, MUC5AC, or FOXJ1. Our data demonstrate that cigarette smoke specifically alters the cellular composition of the airway epithelium by affecting basal cell differentiation in a post-transcriptional manner.
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32
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Dreymueller D, Uhlig S, Ludwig A. ADAM-family metalloproteinases in lung inflammation: potential therapeutic targets. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 308:L325-43. [PMID: 25480335 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00294.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic lung inflammation is driven and controlled by several endogenous mediators that undergo proteolytic conversion from surface-expressed proteins to soluble variants by a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)-family members. TNF and epidermal growth factor receptor ligands are just some of the many substrates by which these proteases regulate inflammatory or regenerative processes in the lung. ADAM10 and ADAM17 are the most prominent members of this protease family. They are constitutively expressed in most lung cells and, as recent research has shown, are the pivotal shedding enzymes mediating acute lung inflammation in a cell-specific manner. ADAM17 promotes endothelial and epithelial permeability, transendothelial leukocyte migration, and inflammatory mediator production by smooth muscle and epithelial cells. ADAM10 is critical for leukocyte migration and alveolar leukocyte recruitment. ADAM10 also promotes allergic asthma by driving B cell responses. Additionally, ADAM10 acts as a receptor for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) α-toxin and is crucial for bacterial virulence. ADAM8, ADAM9, ADAM15, and ADAM33 are upregulated during acute or chronic lung inflammation, and recent functional or genetic analyses have linked them to disease development. Pharmacological inhibitors that allow us to locally or systemically target and differentiate ADAM-family members in the lung suppress acute and asthmatic inflammatory responses and S. aureus virulence. These promising results encourage further research to develop therapeutic strategies based on selected ADAMs. These studies need also to address the role of the ADAMs in repair and regeneration in the lung to identify further therapeutic opportunities and possible side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Dreymueller
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Uhlig
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ludwig
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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33
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Weiss DJ. Concise review: current status of stem cells and regenerative medicine in lung biology and diseases. Stem Cells 2014; 32:16-25. [PMID: 23959715 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lung diseases remain a significant and devastating cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In contrast to many other major diseases, lung diseases notably chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPDs), including both asthma and emphysema, are increasing in prevalence and COPD is expected to become the third leading cause of disease mortality worldwide by 2020. New therapeutic options are desperately needed. A rapidly growing number of investigations of stem cells and cell therapies in lung biology and diseases as well as in ex vivo lung bioengineering have offered exciting new avenues for advancing knowledge of lung biology as well as providing novel potential therapeutic approaches for lung diseases. These initial observations have led to a growing exploration of endothelial progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells in clinical trials of pulmonary hypertension and COPD with other clinical investigations planned. Ex vivo bioengineering of the trachea, larynx, diaphragm, and the lung itself with both biosynthetic constructs as well as decellularized tissues have been used to explore engineering both airway and vascular systems of the lung. Lung is thus a ripe organ for a variety of cell therapy and regenerative medicine approaches. Current state-of-the-art progress for each of the above areas will be presented as will discussion of current considerations for cell therapy-based clinical trials in lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Weiss
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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34
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Mock JR, Garibaldi BT, Aggarwal NR, Jenkins J, Limjunyawong N, Singer BD, Chau E, Rabold R, Files DC, Sidhaye V, Mitzner W, Wagner EM, King LS, D’Alessio FR. Foxp3+ regulatory T cells promote lung epithelial proliferation. Mucosal Immunol 2014; 7:1440-51. [PMID: 24850425 PMCID: PMC4205163 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2014.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) causes significant morbidity and mortality each year. There is a paucity of information regarding the mechanisms necessary for ARDS resolution. Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Foxp3(+) T(reg) cells) have been shown to be an important determinant of resolution in an experimental model of lung injury. We demonstrate that intratracheal delivery of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) elicits alveolar epithelial damage from which the epithelium undergoes proliferation and repair. Epithelial proliferation coincided with an increase in Foxp3(+) T(reg) cells in the lung during the course of resolution. To dissect the role that Foxp3(+) T(reg) cells exert on epithelial proliferation, we depleted Foxp3(+) T(reg) cells, which led to decreased alveolar epithelial proliferation and delayed lung injury recovery. Furthermore, antibody-mediated blockade of CD103, an integrin, which binds to epithelial expressed E-cadherin decreased Foxp3(+) T(reg) numbers and decreased rates of epithelial proliferation after injury. In a non-inflammatory model of regenerative alveologenesis, left lung pneumonectomy, we found that Foxp3(+) T(reg) cells enhanced epithelial proliferation. Moreover, Foxp3(+) T(reg) cells co-cultured with primary type II alveolar cells (AT2) directly increased AT2 cell proliferation in a CD103-dependent manner. These studies provide evidence of a new and integral role for Foxp3(+) T(reg) cells in repair of the lung epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Mock
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brian T. Garibaldi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Neil R. Aggarwal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John Jenkins
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nathachit Limjunyawong
- Department of Medicine and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Benjamin D. Singer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eric Chau
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard Rabold
- Department of Medicine and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel C. Files
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Venkataramana Sidhaye
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wayne Mitzner
- Department of Medicine and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth M. Wagner
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Landon S. King
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Franco R. D’Alessio
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Gilpin SE, Ren X, Okamoto T, Guyette JP, Mou H, Rajagopal J, Mathisen DJ, Vacanti JP, Ott HC. Enhanced lung epithelial specification of human induced pluripotent stem cells on decellularized lung matrix. Ann Thorac Surg 2014; 98:1721-9; discussion 1729. [PMID: 25149047 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole-lung scaffolds can be created by perfusion decellularization of cadaveric donor lungs. The resulting matrices can then be recellularized to regenerate functional organs. This study evaluated the capacity of acellular lung scaffolds to support recellularization with lung progenitors derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). METHODS Whole rat and human lungs were decellularized by constant-pressure perfusion with 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate solution. Resulting lung scaffolds were cryosectioned into slices or left intact. Human iPSCs were differentiated to definitive endoderm, anteriorized to a foregut fate, and then ventralized to a population expressing NK2 homeobox 1 (Nkx2.1). Cells were seeded onto slices and whole lungs, which were maintained under constant perfusion biomimetic culture. Lineage specification was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescent staining. Regenerated left lungs were transplanted in an orthotopic position. RESULTS Activin-A treatment, followed by transforming growth factor-β inhibition, induced differentiation of human iPSCs to anterior foregut endoderm as confirmed by forkhead box protein A2 (FOXA2), SRY (Sex Determining Region Y)-Box 17 (SOX17), and SOX2 expression. Cells cultured on decellularized lung slices demonstrated proliferation and lineage commitment after 5 days. Cells expressing Nkx2.1 were identified at 40% to 60% efficiency. Within whole-lung scaffolds and under perfusion culture, cells further upregulated Nkx2.1 expression. After orthotopic transplantation, grafts were perfused and ventilated by host vasculature and airways. CONCLUSIONS Decellularized lung matrix supports the culture and lineage commitment of human iPSC-derived lung progenitor cells. Whole-organ scaffolds and biomimetic culture enable coseeding of iPSC-derived endothelial and epithelial progenitors and enhance early lung fate. Orthotopic transplantation may enable further in vivo graft maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Gilpin
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xi Ren
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tatsuya Okamoto
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jacques P Guyette
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hongmei Mou
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jayaraj Rajagopal
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Douglas J Mathisen
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph P Vacanti
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Harald C Ott
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Stem cells, cell therapies, and bioengineering in lung biology and diseases. Comprehensive review of the recent literature 2010-2012. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2014; 10:S45-97. [PMID: 23869446 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201304-090aw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A conference, "Stem Cells and Cell Therapies in Lung Biology and Lung Diseases," was held July 25 to 28, 2011 at the University of Vermont to review the current understanding of the role of stem and progenitor cells in lung repair after injury and to review the current status of cell therapy and ex vivo bioengineering approaches for lung diseases. These are rapidly expanding areas of study that provide further insight into and challenge traditional views of mechanisms of lung repair after injury and pathogenesis of several lung diseases. The goals of the conference were to summarize the current state of the field, to discuss and debate current controversies, and to identify future research directions and opportunities for basic and translational research in cell-based therapies for lung diseases. The goal of this article, which accompanies the formal conference report, is to provide a comprehensive review of the published literature in lung regenerative medicine from the last conference report through December 2012.
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Volckaert T, De Langhe S. Lung epithelial stem cells and their niches: Fgf10 takes center stage. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2014; 7:8. [PMID: 24891877 PMCID: PMC4041638 DOI: 10.1186/1755-1536-7-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Throughout life adult animals crucially depend on stem cell populations to maintain and repair their tissues to ensure life-long organ function. Stem cells are characterized by their capacity to extensively self-renew and give rise to one or more differentiated cell types. These powerful stem cell properties are key to meet the changing demand for tissue replacement during normal lung homeostasis and regeneration after lung injury. Great strides have been made over the last few years to identify and characterize lung epithelial stem cells as well as their lineage relationships. Unfortunately, knowledge on what regulates the behavior and fate specification of lung epithelial stem cells is still limited, but involves communication with their microenvironment or niche, a local tissue environment that hosts and influences the behaviors or characteristics of stem cells and that comprises other cell types and extracellular matrix. As such, an intimate and dynamic epithelial-mesenchymal cross-talk, which is also essential during lung development, is required for normal homeostasis and to mount an appropriate regenerative response after lung injury. Fibroblast growth factor 10 (Fgf10) signaling in particular seems to be a well-conserved signaling pathway governing epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during lung development as well as between different adult lung epithelial stem cells and their niches. On the other hand, disruption of these reciprocal interactions leads to a dysfunctional epithelial stem cell-niche unit, which may culminate in chronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic asthma and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Volckaert
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO 80206, USA ; The Inflammation Research Center, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium ; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn De Langhe
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO 80206, USA ; Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, 12605 E 16th Avenue, Aurora CO 80045, USA
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Walters MS, Gomi K, Ashbridge B, Moore MAS, Arbelaez V, Heldrich J, Ding BS, Rafii S, Staudt MR, Crystal RG. Generation of a human airway epithelium derived basal cell line with multipotent differentiation capacity. Respir Res 2013; 14:135. [PMID: 24298994 PMCID: PMC3907041 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-14-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the multipotent progenitor population of the airway epithelium, human airway basal cells (BC) replenish the specialized differentiated cell populations of the mucociliated airway epithelium during physiological turnover and repair. Cultured primary BC divide a limited number of times before entering a state of replicative senescence, preventing the establishment of long-term replicating cultures of airway BC that maintain their original phenotype. METHODS To generate an immortalized human airway BC cell line, primary human airway BC obtained by brushing the airway epithelium of healthy nonsmokers were infected with a retrovirus expressing human telomerase (hTERT). The resulting immortalized cell line was then characterized under non-differentiating and differentiating air-liquid interface (ALI) culture conditions using ELISA, TaqMan quantitative PCR, Western analysis, and immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical staining analysis for cell type specific markers. In addition, the ability of the cell line to respond to environmental stimuli under differentiating ALI culture was assessed. RESULTS We successfully generated an immortalized human airway BC cell line termed BCi-NS1 via expression of hTERT. A single cell derived clone from the parental BCi-NS1 cells, BCi-NS1.1, retains characteristics of the original primary cells for over 40 passages and demonstrates a multipotent differentiation capacity into secretory (MUC5AC, MUC5B), goblet (TFF3), Clara (CC10) and ciliated (DNAI1, FOXJ1) cells on ALI culture. The cells can respond to external stimuli such as IL-13, resulting in alteration of the normal differentiation process. CONCLUSION Development of immortalized human airway BC that retain multipotent differentiation capacity over long-term culture should be useful in understanding the biology of BC, the response of BC to environmental stress, and as a target for assessment of pharmacologic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ronald G Crystal
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York NY, USA.
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Matthay MA, Anversa P, Bhattacharya J, Burnett BK, Chapman HA, Hare JM, Hei DJ, Hoffman AM, Kourembanas S, McKenna DH, Ortiz LA, Ott HC, Tente W, Thébaud B, Trapnell BC, Weiss DJ, Yuan JXJ, Blaisdell CJ. Cell therapy for lung diseases. Report from an NIH-NHLBI workshop, November 13-14, 2012. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 188:370-5. [PMID: 23713908 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201303-0522ws] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) of the National Institutes of Health convened the Cell Therapy for Lung Disease Working Group on November 13-14, 2012, to review and formulate recommendations for future research directions. The workshop brought together investigators studying basic mechanisms and the roles of cell therapy in preclinical models of lung injury and pulmonary vascular disease, with clinical trial experts in cell therapy for cardiovascular diseases and experts from the NHLBI Production Assistance for Cell Therapy program. The purpose of the workshop was to discuss the current status of basic investigations in lung cell therapy, to identify some of the scientific gaps in current knowledge regarding the potential roles and mechanisms of cell therapy in the treatment of lung diseases, and to develop recommendations to the NHLBI and the research community on scientific priorities and practical steps that would lead to first-in-human trials of lung cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Matthay
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna A McColley
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Ardhanareeswaran K, Mirotsou M. Lung stem and progenitor cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 85:89-95. [PMID: 23406722 DOI: 10.1159/000346500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, new insights have been added to the study of stem cells in the adult lung. The exploration of endogenous lung progenitors as well as the study of exogenously delivered stem cell populations holds promise for advancing our understanding of the biology of lung repair mechanisms. Moreover, it opens new possibilities for the use of stem cell therapy for the development of regenerative medicine approaches for the treatment of lung disease. Here, we discuss the main types of lung epithelial progenitor populations; the potential of endothelial progenitors, mesenchymal stem cells and embryonic stem cells for lung therapy, as well as summarize the cellular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Ardhanareeswaran
- Duke Cardiovascular Research Center and Mandel Center for Hypertension and Atherosclerosis Research, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Brouwer KM, Hoogenkamp HR, Daamen WF, van Kuppevelt TH. Regenerative medicine for the respiratory system: distant future or tomorrow's treatment? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 187:468-75. [PMID: 23220914 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201208-1558pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine (RM) is a new field of biomedical science that focuses on the regeneration of tissues and organs and the restoration of organ function. Although regeneration of organ systems such as bone, cartilage, and heart has attracted intense scientific research over recent decades, RM research regarding the respiratory system, including the trachea, the lung proper, and the diaphragm, has lagged behind. However, the last 5 years have witnessed novel approaches and initial clinical applications of tissue-engineered constructs to restore organ structure and function. In this regard, this article briefly addresses the basics of RM and introduces the key elements necessary for tissue regeneration, including (stem) cells, biomaterials, and extracellular matrices. In addition, the current status of the (clinical) application of RM to the respiratory system is discussed, and bottlenecks and recent approaches are identified. For the trachea, several initial clinical studies have been reported and have used various combinations of cells and scaffolds. Although promising, the methods used in these studies require optimization and standardization. For the lung proper, only (stem) cell-based approaches have been probed clinically, but it is becoming apparent that combinations of cells and scaffolds are required to successfully restore the lung's architecture and function. In the case of the diaphragm, clinical applications have focused on the use of decellularized scaffolds, but novel scaffolds, with or without cells, are clearly needed for true regeneration of diaphragmatic tissue. We conclude that respiratory treatment with RM will not be realized tomorrow, but its future looks promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien M Brouwer
- Department of Biochemistry, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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