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Ragel EJ, Harris LK, Campbell RA. Acute respiratory distress syndrome: potential of therapeutic interventions effective in treating progression from COVID-19 to treat progression from other illnesses-a systematic review. BMJ Open Respir Res 2023; 10:e001525. [PMID: 37657844 PMCID: PMC10476125 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the most severe form of lung injury, rendering gaseous exchange insufficient, leading to respiratory failure. Despite over 50 years of research on the treatment of ARDS when developed from illnesses such as sepsis and pneumonia, mortality remains high, and no robust pharmacological treatments exist. The progression of SARS-CoV-2 infections to ARDS during the recent global pandemic led to a surge in the number of clinical trials on the condition. Understandably, this explosion in new research focused on COVID-19 ARDS (CARDS) rather than ARDS when developed from other illnesses, yet differences in pathology between the two conditions mean that optimal treatment for them may be distinct. AIM The aim of the present work is to assess whether new therapeutic interventions that have been developed for the treatment of CARDS may also hold strong potential in the treatment of ARDS when developed from other illnesses. The study objectives are achieved through a systematic review of clinical trials. RESULTS The COVID-19 pandemic led to the identification of various therapeutic interventions for CARDS, some but not all of which are optimal for the management of ARDS. Interventions more suited to CARDS pathology include antithrombotics and biologic agents, such as cytokine inhibitors. Cell-based therapies, on the other hand, show promise in the treatment of both conditions, attributed to their broad mechanisms of action and the overlap in the clinical manifestations of the conditions. A shift towards personalised treatments for both CARDS and ARDS, as reflected through the increasing use of biologics, is also evident. CONCLUSIONS As ongoing CARDS clinical trials progress, their findings are likely to have important implications that alter the management of ARDS in patients that develop the condition from illnesses other than COVID-19 in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Ragel
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lynda K Harris
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- 3St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Olson Center for Women's Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Richard A Campbell
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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2
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Hamill GS, Remy KE, Slain KN, Sallee CJ, Khemani R, Smith L, Shein SL. Association of Interventions With Outcomes in Children At-Risk for Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Incidence and Epidemiology Study. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2023; 24:574-583. [PMID: 37409896 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000003217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Describe the frequency with which transfusion and medications that modulate lung injury are administered to children meeting at-risk for pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARF-PARDS) criteria and evaluate for associations of transfusion, fluid balance, nutrition, and medications with unfavorable clinical outcomes. DESIGN Secondary analysis of the Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Incidence and Epidemiology study, a prospective point prevalence study. All enrolled ARF-PARDS patients were included unless they developed subsequent pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) within 24 hours of PICU admission or PICU length of stay was less than 24 hours. Univariate and multivariable analyses were used to identify associations between therapies given during the first 2 calendar days after ARF-PARDS diagnosis and subsequent PARDS diagnosis (primary outcome), 28-day PICU-free days (PFDs), and 28-day ventilator-free days (VFDs). SETTING Thirty-seven international PICUs. PATIENTS Two hundred sixty-seven children meeting Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference ARF-PARDS criteria. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS During the first 2 days after meeting ARF-PARDS criteria, 55% of subjects received beta-agonists, 42% received corticosteroids, 28% received diuretics, and 9% were transfused. Subsequent PARDS (15%) was associated with platelet transfusion (n = 11; adjusted odds ratio: 4.75 [95% CI 1.03-21.92]) and diuretics (n = 74; 2.55 [1.19-5.46]) in multivariable analyses that adjusted for comorbidities, PARDS risk factor, initial oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry:Fio2 ratio, and initial type of ventilation. Beta-agonists were associated with lower adjusted odds of subsequent PARDS (0.43 [0.19-0.98]). Platelets and diuretics were also associated with fewer PFDs and fewer VFDs in the multivariable models, and TPN was associated with fewer PFDs. Corticosteroids, net fluid balance, and volume of enteral feeding were not associated with the primary or secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS There is an independent association between platelet transfusion, diuretic administration, and unfavorable outcomes in children at risk for PARDS, although this may be related to treatment bias and unmeasured confounders. Nevertheless, prospective evaluation of the role of these management strategies on outcomes in children with ARF-PARDS is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant S Hamill
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH
| | - Kenneth E Remy
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH
| | - Katherine N Slain
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH
| | - Colin J Sallee
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Robinder Khemani
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lincoln Smith
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
| | - Steven L Shein
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH
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3
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Meng L, Wang M, Gao Y, Chen L, Wang K, Gao W, Liu Q. Dopamine D1 receptor agonist alleviates acute lung injury via modulating inflammatory responses in macrophages and barrier function in airway epithelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 202:2-16. [PMID: 36965538 PMCID: PMC10033496 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) or its severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening illness without effective therapeutic interventions currently. Multiple lines of evidence indicated that overwhelming inflammatory responses and impaired epithelial barrier contributed to the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS. Recently, dopamine (DA) system was identified to participate in various pulmonary diseases. Here, we discovered that dopamine D1-like receptors mainly expressed in macrophages and airway epithelial cells (AECs), which were downregulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in ALI mouse lung. SKF38393 (SKF) is a selective agonist for D1-like receptors and was demonstrated to inhibit excessive inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in THP-1 cell-derived macrophages and Beas-2B cells, as well as improve airway epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by LPS stimulation. Moreover, SKF administration could effectively decrease pulmonary inflammation, ameliorate tissue damage in the LPS-triggered ALI mice. The broad protective actions of SKF might be attributed to the activation of Nrf2 antioxidative system by use of the specific inhibitor, ML385. This study offers evidence of potent immunoregulatory activity of SKF in macrophages, AECs as well as ALI mouse model, which opens novel therapeutic avenues for the intervention of ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Meng
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, 250002, PR China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, PR China
| | - Muyun Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, PR China
| | - Yixuan Gao
- Department of Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, 250021, PR China
| | - Liangzhi Chen
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, 250002, PR China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, PR China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, PR China.
| | - Qinghua Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, 250002, PR China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, PR China.
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4
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Meng L, Liao X, Wang Y, Chen L, Gao W, Wang M, Dai H, Yan N, Gao Y, Wu X, Wang K, Liu Q. Pharmacologic therapies of ARDS: From natural herb to nanomedicine. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:930593. [PMID: 36386221 PMCID: PMC9651133 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.930593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common critical illness in respiratory care units with a huge public health burden. Despite tremendous advances in the prevention and treatment of ARDS, it remains the main cause of intensive care unit (ICU) management, and the mortality rate of ARDS remains unacceptably high. The poor performance of ARDS is closely related to its heterogeneous clinical syndrome caused by complicated pathophysiology. Based on the different pathophysiology phases, drugs, protective mechanical ventilation, conservative fluid therapy, and other treatment have been developed to serve as the ARDS therapeutic methods. In recent years, there has been a rapid development in nanomedicine, in which nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles have been extensively studied in the treatment of ARDS. This study provides an overview of pharmacologic therapies for ARDS, including conventional drugs, natural medicine therapy, and nanomedicine. Particularly, we discuss the unique mechanism and strength of nanomedicine which may provide great promises in treating ARDS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Meng
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of medicine, Tongji University, China
| | - Ximing Liao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of medicine, Tongji University, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of medicine, Tongji University, China
| | - Liangzhi Chen
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of medicine, Tongji University, China
| | - Muyun Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of medicine, Tongji University, China
| | - Huiling Dai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of medicine, Tongji University, China
| | - Na Yan
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yixuan Gao
- Department of Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of medicine, Tongji University, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Wang, ; Qinghua Liu,
| | - Qinghua Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of medicine, Tongji University, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Wang, ; Qinghua Liu,
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5
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Deep Learning Chest CT for Clinically Precise Prediction of Sepsis-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Protocol for an Observational Ambispective Cohort Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10112150. [DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10112150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sepsis commonly causes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and ARDS contributes to poor prognosis in sepsis patients. Early prediction of ARDS for sepsis patients remains a clinical challenge. This study aims to develop and validate chest computed tomography (CT) radiomic-based signatures for early prediction of ARDS and assessment of individual severity in sepsis patients. Methods: In this ambispective observational cohort study, a deep learning model, a sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (SI-ARDS) prediction neural network, will be developed to extract radiomics features of chest CT from sepsis patients. The datasets will be collected from these retrospective and prospective cohorts, including 400 patients diagnosed with sepsis-3 definition during a period from 1 May 2015 to 30 May 2022. 160 patients of the retrospective cohort will be selected as a discovering group to reconstruct the model and 40 patients of the retrospective cohort will be selected as a testing group for internal validation. Additionally, 200 patients of the prospective cohort from two hospitals will be selected as a validating group for external validation. Data pertaining to chest CT, clinical information, immune-associated inflammatory indicators and follow-up will be collected. The primary outcome is to develop and validate the model, predicting in-hospital incidence of SI-ARDS. Finally, model performance will be evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC), sensitivity and specificity, using internal and external validations. Discussion: Present studies reveal that early identification and classification of the SI-ARDS is essential to improve prognosis and disease management. Chest CT has been sought as a useful diagnostic tool to identify ARDS. However, when characteristic imaging findings were clearly presented, delays in diagnosis and treatment were impossible to avoid. In this ambispective cohort study, we hope to develop a novel model incorporating radiomic signatures and clinical signatures to provide an easy-to-use and individualized prediction of SI-ARDS occurrence and severe degree in patients at early stage.
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Singh P, Gossage J, Markar S, Pucher PH, Wickham A, Weblin J, Chidambaram S, Bull A, Pickering O, Mythen M, Maynard N, Grocott M, Underwood T. Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery of Great Britain and Ireland (AUGIS)/Perioperative Quality Initiative (POQI) consensus statement on intraoperative and postoperative interventions to reduce pulmonary complications after oesophagectomy. Br J Surg 2022; 109:1096-1106. [PMID: 36001582 PMCID: PMC10364741 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary complications are the most common morbidity after oesophagectomy, contributing to mortality and prolonged postoperative recovery, and have a negative impact on health-related quality of life. A variety of single or bundled interventions in the perioperative setting have been developed to reduce the incidence of pulmonary complications. Significant variation in practice exists across the UK. The aim of this modified Delphi consensus was to deliver clear evidence-based consensus recommendations regarding intraoperative and postoperative care that may reduce pulmonary complications after oesophagectomy. METHODS With input from a multidisciplinary group of 23 experts in the perioperative management of patients undergoing surgery for oesophageal cancer, a modified Delphi method was employed. Following an initial systematic review of relevant literature, a range of anaesthetic, surgical, and postoperative care interventions were identified. These were then discussed during a two-part virtual conference. Recommendation statements were drafted, refined, and agreed by all attendees. The level of evidence supporting each statement was considered. RESULTS Consensus was reached on 12 statements on topics including operative approach, pyloric drainage strategies, intraoperative fluid and ventilation strategies, perioperative analgesia, postoperative feeding plans, and physiotherapy interventions. Seven additional questions concerning the perioperative management of patients undergoing oesophagectomy were highlighted to guide future research. CONCLUSION Clear consensus recommendations regarding intraoperative and postoperative interventions that may reduce pulmonary complications after oesophagectomy are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Singh
- Department of General Surgery, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK
| | - James Gossage
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Sheraz Markar
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Philip H Pucher
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Alex Wickham
- Department of Anaesthesia, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Weblin
- Department of Physiotherapy, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Alexander Bull
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Oliver Pickering
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Monty Mythen
- Centre for Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nick Maynard
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Mike Grocott
- NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Tim Underwood
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
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7
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Zhan B, Shen J. Mitochondria and their potential role in acute lung injury (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:479. [PMID: 35761815 PMCID: PMC9214601 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zhan
- Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Jie Shen
- Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
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8
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Creagh-Brown BC. Prevention and Treatment of Postoperative Pulmonary Complications. Perioper Med (Lond) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-56724-4.00020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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9
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Pfeifer KJ, Selzer A, Whinney CM, Rogers B, Naik AS, Regan D, Mendez CE, Urman RD, Mauck K. Preoperative Management of Gastrointestinal and Pulmonary Medications: Society for Perioperative Assessment and Quality Improvement (SPAQI) Consensus Statement. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:3158-3177. [PMID: 34736777 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Perioperative medication management is integral to preoperative optimization but remains challenging because of a paucity of literature guidance. Published recommendations are based on the expert opinion of a small number of authors without collaboration from multiple specialties. The Society for Perioperative Assessment and Quality Improvement (SPAQI) recognized the need for consensus recommendations in this area as well as the unique opportunity for its multidisciplinary membership to fill this void. In a series of articles within this journal, SPAQI provides preoperative medication management guidance based on available literature and expert multidisciplinary consensus. The aim of this consensus statement is to provide practical guidance on the preoperative management of gastrointestinal and pulmonary medications. A panel of experts with anesthesiology, perioperative medicine, hospital medicine, general internal medicine, and medical specialty experience was drawn together and identified the common medications in each of these categories. The authors then used a modified Delphi approach to review the literature and to generate consensus recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt J Pfeifer
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
| | - Angela Selzer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO
| | - Christopher M Whinney
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Barbara Rogers
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Amar S Naik
- Division of Gastroenterology, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Dennis Regan
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Carlos E Mendez
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Richard D Urman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Karen Mauck
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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10
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Luo C, Li Y, Liang X, Chen Y, Zou Q, Kong Y, Guo Z, Sun W, Wang X. Special electromagnetic field-treated water and far-infrared radiation alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome in rats by regulating haptoglobin. Bioengineered 2021; 12:6808-6820. [PMID: 34519633 PMCID: PMC8806454 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1969201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Special electromagnetic field-treated water (SEW) and far-infrared radiation (FIR) can reduce acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in rats inflicted by lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). However, little is known about its underlying molecular mechanism. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) of SEW and FIR interventions were obtained from a proteomics database. A total of 89 DEPs were identified. Enrichment analysis of DEPs was performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery. These DEPs were associated with the responses to LPSs, acute inflammation, extracellular exosomes, glucocorticoids, and electrical stimuli. The protein-protein interaction network was set up using the STRING database. Modular analysis was performed using MCODE in the Cytoscape software. Proteins Haptoglobin, Apolipoprotein B, Transthyretin, and Fatty acid binding protein 1 were among the core networks. A tail vein injection of LPS was used to establish the rat model with ARDS. Parallel reaction monitoring confirmed Hp protein expression. Inflammatory pathway factors were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. This indicates that SEW and FIR can be considered as potential clinical treatment methods for ARDS treatment and that their functional mechanisms are related to the ability of alleviating lung inflammation through Hp protein adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyong Luo
- Infectious fever center, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Education section, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Liang
- The graduate school, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- Education section, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao Zou
- Education section, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yurong Kong
- Education section, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengguang Guo
- Central laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Central laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Research institute, Biological Spectrum Institute, Guangdong Junfeng BFS Technology CO, Guangdong, China
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11
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Yaqub N, Wayne G, Birchall M, Song W. Recent advances in human respiratory epithelium models for drug discovery. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107832. [PMID: 34481894 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium is intimately associated with the pathophysiologies of highly infectious viral contagions and chronic illnesses such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, presently the third leading cause of death worldwide with a projected economic burden of £1.7 trillion by 2030. Preclinical studies of respiratory physiology have almost exclusively utilised non-humanised animal models, alongside reductionistic cell line-based models, and primary epithelial cell models cultured at an air-liquid interface (ALI). Despite their utility, these model systems have been limited by their poor correlation to the human condition. This has undermined the ability to identify novel therapeutics, evidenced by a 15% chance of success for medicinal respiratory compounds entering clinical trials in 2018. Consequently, preclinical studies require new translational efficacy models to address the problem of respiratory drug attrition. This review describes the utility of the current in vivo (rodent), ex vivo (isolated perfused lungs and precision cut lung slices), two-dimensional in vitro cell-line (A549, BEAS-2B, Calu-3) and three-dimensional in vitro ALI (gold-standard and co-culture) and organoid respiratory epithelium models. The limitations to the application of these model systems in drug discovery research are discussed, in addition to perspectives of the future innovations required to facilitate the next generation of human-relevant respiratory models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naheem Yaqub
- UCL Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Gareth Wayne
- Novel Human Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Martin Birchall
- The Ear Institute, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London WC1X 8EE, UK.
| | - Wenhui Song
- UCL Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK.
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12
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Shinozaki H, Matsuoka T, Ozawa S. Pharmacological treatment to reduce pulmonary morbidity after esophagectomy. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2021; 5:614-622. [PMID: 34585046 PMCID: PMC8452480 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophagectomy for esophageal cancer is one of the most invasive procedures in gastrointestinal surgery. An invasive surgical procedure causes postoperative lung injury through the surgical procedure and one-lung ventilation during anesthesia. Lung injury developed by inflammatory response to surgical insults and oxidative stress is associated with pulmonary morbidity after esophagectomy. Postoperative pulmonary complications negatively affect the long-term outcomes; therefore, an effort to reduce lung injury improves overall survival after esophagectomy. Although significant evidence has not been established, various pharmacological treatments for reducing lung injury, such as administration of a corticosteroid, neutrophil elastase inhibitor, and vitamins are considered to have efficacy for pulmonary morbidity. In this review we survey the following topics: mediators during the perioperative periods of esophagectomy and the efficacy of pharmacological therapies for patients with esophagectomy on pulmonary complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Soji Ozawa
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryTokai University School of MedicineKanagawaJapan
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13
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Saha R, Assouline B, Mason G, Douiri A, Summers C, Shankar-Hari M. Impact of differences in acute respiratory distress syndrome randomised controlled trial inclusion and exclusion criteria: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth 2021; 127:85-101. [PMID: 33812666 PMCID: PMC9768208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Control-arm mortality varies between acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) RCTs. METHODS We systematically reviewed ARDS RCTs that commenced recruitment after publication of the American-European Consensus (AECC) definition (MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane central register of controlled trials; January 1994 to October 2020). We assessed concordance of RCT inclusion criteria to ARDS consensus definitions and whether exclusion criteria are strongly or poorly justified. We estimated the proportion of between-trial difference in control-arm 28-day mortality explained by the inclusion criteria and RCT design characteristics using meta-regression. RESULTS A literature search identified 43 709 records. One hundred and fifty ARDS RCTs were included; 146/150 (97.3%) RCTs defined ARDS inclusion criteria using AECC/Berlin definitions. Deviations from consensus definitions, primarily aimed at improving ARDS diagnostic certainty, frequently related to duration of hypoxaemia (117/146; 80.1%). Exclusion criteria could be grouped by rationale for selection into strongly or poorly justified criteria. Common poorly justified exclusions included pregnancy related, age, and comorbidities (infectious/immunosuppression, hepatic, renal, and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Control-arm 28-day mortality varied between ARDS RCTs (mean: 29.8% [95% confidence interval: 27.0-32.7%; I2=88.8%; τ2=0.02; P<0.01]), and differed significantly between RCTs with different Pao2:FiO2 ratio inclusion thresholds (26.6-39.9 kPa vs <26.6 kPa; P<0.01). In a meta-regression model, inclusion criteria and RCT design characteristics accounted for 30.6% of between-trial difference (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS In most ARDS RCTs, consensus definitions are modified to use as inclusion criteria. Between-RCT mortality differences are mostly explained by the Pao2:FiO2 ratio threshold within the consensus definitions. An exclusion criteria framework can be applied when designing and reporting exclusion criteria in future ARDS RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Saha
- Critical Care, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Georgina Mason
- Critical Care, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Abdel Douiri
- School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Manu Shankar-Hari
- Critical Care, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
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Pulmonary levels of biomarkers for inflammation and lung injury in protective versus conventional one-lung ventilation for oesophagectomy: A randomised clinical trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2021; 37:1040-1049. [PMID: 31789965 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000001126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is uncertain whether protective ventilation reduces ventilation-induced pulmonary inflammation and injury during one-lung ventilation. OBJECTIVE To compare intra-operative protective ventilation with conventional during oesophagectomy with respect to pulmonary levels of biomarkers for inflammation and lung injury. DESIGN Randomised clinical trial. SETTING Tertiary centre for oesophageal diseases. PATIENTS Twenty-nine patients scheduled for one-lung ventilation during oesophagectomy. INTERVENTIONS Low tidal volume (VT) of 6 ml kg predicted body weight (pbw) during two-lung ventilation and 3 ml kgpbw during one-lung ventilation with 5 cmH2O positive end expired pressure versus intermediate VT of 10 ml kgpbw during two-lung ventilation and 5 ml kgpbw body weight during one-lung ventilation with no positive end-expiratory pressure. OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the change in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) levels of preselected biomarkers for inflammation (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8) and lung injury (soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products, surfactant protein-D, Clara Cell protein 16 and Krebs von den Lungen 6), from start to end of ventilation. RESULTS Median [IQR] VT in the protective ventilation group (n = 13) was 6.0 [5.7 to 7.8] and 3.1 [3.0 to 3.6] ml kgpbw during two and one-lung ventilation; VT in the conventional ventilation group (n = 16) was 9.8 [7.0 to 10.1] and 5.2 [5.0 to 5.5] ml kgpbw during two and one-lung ventilation. BAL levels of biomarkers for inflammation increased from start to end of ventilation in both groups; levels of soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products, Clara Cell protein 16 and Krebs von den Lungen 6 did not change, while levels of surfactant protein-D decreased. Changes in BAL biomarkers levels were not significantly different between the two ventilation strategies. CONCLUSION Intra-operative protective ventilation compared with conventional ventilation does not affect changes in pulmonary levels of biomarkers for inflammation and lung injury in patients undergoing one-lung ventilation for oesophagectomy. TRIAL REGISTRATION The 'Low versus Conventional tidal volumes during one-lung ventilation for minimally invasive oesophagectomy trial' (LoCo) was registered at the Netherlands Trial Register (study identifier NTR 4391).
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15
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A nebulised antitumour necrosis factor receptor-1 domain antibody in patients at risk of postoperative lung injury: A randomised, placebo-controlled pilot study. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2021; 37:1014-1024. [PMID: 32467417 PMCID: PMC7575021 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000001245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) signalling mediates the cell death and inflammatory effects of TNF-α. OBJECTIVE The current clinical trial investigated the effects of a nebulised TNFR1 antagonist (GSK2862277) on signs of lung injury in patients undergoing oesophagectomy. DESIGN Randomised double-blind (sponsor unblind), placebo-controlled, parallel group study. SETTING Eight secondary care centres, the United Kingdom between April 2015 and June 2017. PATIENTS Thirty-three patients undergoing elective transthoracic oesophagectomy. INTERVENTIONS Patients randomly received a single nebulised dose (26 mg) of GSK2862277 (n = 17) or placebo (n = 16), given 1 to 5 h before surgery; 14 and 16, respectively competed the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Physiological and biochemical markers of lung injury, pharmacokinetic and safety endpoints were measured. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI) at completion of surgery, measured using single-indicator transpulmonary thermodilution. Adjusted point estimates and 95% credible intervals (analogous to conventional confidence intervals) were constructed for each treatment using Bayesian statistical models. RESULTS The mean change (with 95% credible intervals) from baseline in PVPI on completion of surgery was 0.00 (−0.23, 0.39) in the placebo and 0.00 (−0.24, 0.37) in the GSK2862277 treatment groups. There were no significant treatment-related differences in PaO2/FiO2 or Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score. Levels of free soluble TNFR1, Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1 alpha and total protein were significantly reduced in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients treated with GSK2862277 (posterior probability of decrease with GSK2862277 vs. placebo:≥0.977; equivalent to P < 0.05). The frequency of adverse events and serious adverse events were distributed evenly across the two treatment arms. CONCLUSION Pre-operative treatment with a single 26 mg inhaled dose of GSK2862277 did not result in significantly lower postoperative alveolar capillary leak or extra vascular lung water. Unexpectedly small increases in transpulmonary thermodilution-measured PVPI and extra vascular lung water index at completion of surgery suggest less postoperative lung injury than historically reported, which may have also compromised a clear assessment of efficacy in this trial. GSK2862277 was well tolerated, resulted in expected lung exposure and reduced biomarkers of lung permeability and inflammation. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02221037.
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16
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Levitt JE, Festic E, Desai M, Hedlin H, Mahaffey KW, Rogers AJ, Gajic O. The ARREST Pneumonia Clinical Trial. Rationale and Design. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021; 18:698-708. [PMID: 33493423 PMCID: PMC8008996 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202009-1115sd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients hospitalized for pneumonia are at high risk for mortality. Effective therapies are therefore needed. Recent randomized clinical trials suggest that systemic steroids can reduce the length of hospital stays among patients hospitalized for pneumonia. Furthermore, preliminary findings from a feasibility study demonstrated that early treatment with a combination of an inhaled corticosteroid and a bronchodilator can improve oxygenation and reduce risk of respiratory failure in patients at risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Whether such a combination administered early is effective in reducing acute respiratory failure (ARF) among patients hospitalized with pneumonia is unknown. Here we describe the ARREST Pneumonia (Arrest Respiratory Failure due to Pneumonia) trial designed to address this question. ARREST Pneumonia is a two-arm, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial designed to test the efficacy of a combination of an inhaled corticosteroid and a β-agonist compared with placebo for the prevention of ARF in hospitalized participants with severe pneumonia. The primary outcome is ARF within 7 days of randomization, defined as a composite endpoint of intubation and mechanical ventilation; need for high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy or noninvasive ventilation for >36 hours (each alone or combined); or death within 36 hours of being placed on respiratory support. The planned enrollment is 600 adult participants at 10 academic medical centers. In addition, we will measure selected plasma biomarkers to better understand mechanisms of action. The trial is funded by the U.S. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute.Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04193878).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emir Festic
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and
- Department of Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Manisha Desai
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics and Research, and
| | - Haley Hedlin
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics and Research, and
| | - Kenneth W. Mahaffey
- Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | | | - Ognjen Gajic
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and
- Department of Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - on behalf of ARREST Pneumonia Clinical Trial Investigators
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics and Research, and
- Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and
- Department of Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and
- Department of Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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17
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article provides an overview of protein biomarkers for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and their potential use in future clinical trials. RECENT FINDINGS The protein biomarkers studied as indices of biological processes involved in the pathogenesis of ARDS may have diagnostic and/or prognostic value. Recently, they also proved useful for identifying ARDS phenotypes and assessing heterogeneity of treatment effect in retrospective analyses of completed clinical trials. SUMMARY This article summarizes the current research on ARDS biomarkers and provides insights into how they should be integrated as prognostic and predictive enrichment tools in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Jabaudon
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, CHU Clermont-Ferrand
- GReD, CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Raiko Blondonnet
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, CHU Clermont-Ferrand
- GReD, CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lorraine B Ware
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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18
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Hendeles L, Prabhakaran S. Nationwide Shortage of Albuterol Inhalers and Off-Label Use in COVID-19 Patients. PEDIATRIC ALLERGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND PULMONOLOGY 2020; 33:216-219. [PMID: 35921564 PMCID: PMC9353992 DOI: 10.1089/ped.2020.1300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The surge in COVID-19 cases during the 2020 Spring led to a nationwide shortage of albuterol inhalers. As a new surge has begun, shortages may make it difficult for patients with obstructive lung disease, including children with asthma, to obtain refills. Since there is no evidence that albuterol relieves symptoms in COVID-19 patients with respiratory symptoms not caused by bronchospasm, it is reasonable for clinicians to not prescribe it for COVID-19 patients unless they also have asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Hendeles
- College of Pharmacy and University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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19
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Dougherty PG, Karpurapu M, Koley A, Lukowski JK, Qian Z, Nirujogi TS, Rusu L, Chung S, Hummon AB, Li HW, Christman JW, Pei D. A Peptidyl Inhibitor that Blocks Calcineurin-NFAT Interaction and Prevents Acute Lung Injury. J Med Chem 2020; 63:12853-12872. [PMID: 33073986 PMCID: PMC8011862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an inflammatory lung disease with a high morbidity and mortality rate, for which no pharmacologic treatment is currently available. Our previous studies discovered that a pivotal step in the disease process is the activation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) c3 in lung macrophages, suggesting that inhibitors against the upstream protein phosphatase calcineurin should be effective for prevention/treatment of ARDS. Herein, we report the development of a highly potent, cell-permeable, and metabolically stable peptidyl inhibitor, CNI103, which selectively blocks the interaction between calcineurin and NFATc3, through computational and medicinal chemistry. CNI103 specifically inhibited calcineurin signaling in vitro and in vivo and exhibited a favorable pharmacokinetic profile, broad tissue distribution following different routes of administration, and minimal toxicity. Our data indicate that CNI103 is a promising novel treatment for ARDS and other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G. Dougherty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12 Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, United States
- Entrada Therapeutics, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, MA 02210, United States
| | - Manjula Karpurapu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Amritendu Koley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12 Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Jessica K. Lukowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Ziqing Qian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12 Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, United States
- Entrada Therapeutics, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, MA 02210, United States
| | - Teja Srinivas Nirujogi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- East Liverpool City Hospital, 425 W 5th Street, East Liverpool, Ohio 43920, United States
| | - Luiza Rusu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Sangwoon Chung
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Amanda B. Hummon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12 Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, United States
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210, United States
| | - Hao W. Li
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University, 650 W. 168 Street, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - John W. Christman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Dehua Pei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12 Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, United States
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20
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Pinto E, Nardi MT, Marchi R, Cavallin F, Alfieri R, Saadeh L, Cagol M, Baldan I, Saraceni E, Parotto M, Baratto F, Caberlotto C, Vianello A, Castoro C, Scarpa M. QOLEC2: a randomized controlled trial on nutritional and respiratory counseling after esophagectomy for cancer. Support Care Cancer 2020; 29:1025-1033. [PMID: 32572611 PMCID: PMC7307937 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05573-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Esophagectomy for cancer strongly impairs quality of life. The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of the nutritional and respiratory counseling on postoperative quality of life. Methods At hospital discharge, patients were randomized into four groups receiving respectively: nutritional and respiratory counseling, nutritional counseling alone, respiratory counseling alone, or standard care. The main endpoint was the impairment in quality of life in the first month after surgery. Linear mixed effect models were estimated to assess mean score differences (MDs) in quality of life scores. Results Patients receiving nutritional counseling reported less appetite loss (MD − 17.7, 95% CI − 32.2 to −3.3) than those not receiving nutritional counseling at 1 month after surgery. Dyspnea was similar between patients receiving vs. those not receiving respiratory counseling (MD − 3.1, 95% CI − 10.8 to 4.6). Global quality of life was clinically similar between patients receiving vs. those not receiving nutritional counseling over time (MD 0.9, 95% CI − 5.5 to 7.3), as well as in patients receiving vs. those not receiving respiratory counseling over time (MD 0.7, 95% CI − 5.9 to 7.2). Conclusions Intensive postoperative care does not affect global quality of life even if nutritional counseling reduced appetite loss. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00520-020-05573-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Pinto
- Oesophageal and Digestive Tract Surgical Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Nardi
- Nutritional Support Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Rita Marchi
- Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Cavallin
- Oesophageal and Digestive Tract Surgical Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Rita Alfieri
- Oesophageal and Digestive Tract Surgical Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Saadeh
- Oesophageal and Digestive Tract Surgical Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Cagol
- Oesophageal and Digestive Tract Surgical Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Ilaria Baldan
- Nutritional Support Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Parotto
- Intensive Care Unit, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fabio Baratto
- Intensive Care Unit (ISTAR 2), Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Cristina Caberlotto
- Oesophageal and Digestive Tract Surgical Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Vianello
- Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Carlo Castoro
- Department. of Upper GI Surgery, Humanitas Research Hospital-Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Marco Scarpa
- General Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padua, Italy.
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21
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McCarthy SD, González HE, Higgins BD. Future Trends in Nebulized Therapies for Pulmonary Disease. J Pers Med 2020; 10:E37. [PMID: 32397615 PMCID: PMC7354528 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerosol therapy is a key modality for drug delivery to the lungs of respiratory disease patients. Aerosol therapy improves therapeutic effects by directly targeting diseased lung regions for rapid onset of action, requiring smaller doses than oral or intravenous delivery and minimizing systemic side effects. In order to optimize treatment of critically ill patients, the efficacy of aerosol therapy depends on lung morphology, breathing patterns, aerosol droplet characteristics, disease, mechanical ventilation, pharmacokinetics, and the pharmacodynamics of cell-drug interactions. While aerosol characteristics are influenced by drug formulations and device mechanisms, most other factors are reliant on individual patient variables. This has led to increased efforts towards more personalized therapeutic approaches to optimize pulmonary drug delivery and improve selection of effective drug types for individual patients. Vibrating mesh nebulizers (VMN) are the dominant device in clinical trials involving mechanical ventilation and emerging drugs. In this review, we consider the use of VMN during mechanical ventilation in intensive care units. We aim to link VMN fundamentals to applications in mechanically ventilated patients and look to the future use of VMN in emerging personalized therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D. McCarthy
- Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (S.D.M.); (H.E.G.)
- Lung Biology Group, Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Héctor E. González
- Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (S.D.M.); (H.E.G.)
- Lung Biology Group, Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Brendan D. Higgins
- Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
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22
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Ross JT, Nesseler N, Lee JW, Ware LB, Matthay MA. The ex vivo human lung: research value for translational science. JCI Insight 2019; 4:128833. [PMID: 31167972 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.128833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases are among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. However, the pathogenesis of both acute and chronic lung diseases remains incompletely understood. As a result, therapeutic options for important clinical problems, including acute respiratory distress syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, are limited. Research efforts have been held back in part by the difficulty of modeling lung injury in animals. Donor human lungs that have been rejected for transplantation offer a valuable alternative for understanding these diseases. In 2007, our group developed a simple preparation of an ex vivo-perfused single human lung. In this Review, we discuss the availability of donor human lungs for research, describe the ex vivo-perfused lung preparation, and highlight how this preparation can be used to study the mechanisms of lung injury, to isolate primary cells, and to test novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Nesseler
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Pontchaillou, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France.,Univ Rennes, CHU de Rennes, Inra, INSERM, Institut Nutrition, Métabolismes, Cancer- UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, Rennes, France.,Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Rennes 1414, Rennes, France
| | - Jae-Woo Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California
| | - Lorraine B Ware
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michael A Matthay
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California.,Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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23
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Endothelial Cell Inflammation and Barriers Are Regulated by the Rab26-Mediated Balance between β2-AR and TLR4 in Pulmonary Microvessel Endothelial Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:7538071. [PMID: 31182932 PMCID: PMC6512073 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7538071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rab26 GTPase modulates the trafficking of cell surface receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors including α2-adrenergic receptors in some cell types. However, the effect of Rab26 on β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) trafficking or/and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) is still unclear. Here, we investigated the role of Rab26 in regulating the expression of β2-ARs and TLR4 in HPMECs and the effect of these receptors' imbalance on endothelial cell barrier function. The results showed that there was unbalance expression in these receptors, where β2-AR expression was remarkably reduced, and TLR4 was increased on the cell membrane after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. Furthermore, we found that Rab26 overexpression not only upregulated β2-ARs but also downregulated TLR4 expression on the cell membrane. Subsequently, the TLR4-related inflammatory response was greatly attenuated, and the hyperpermeability of HPMECs also was partially relived. Taken together, these data suggest that basal Rab26 maintains the balance between β2-ARs and TLR4 on the cell surface, and it might be a potential therapeutic target for diseases involving endothelial barrier dysfunction.
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24
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Lugg ST, Alridge KA, Howells PA, Parekh D, Scott A, Mahida RY, Park D, Tucker O, Gao F, Perkins GD, Thickett DR, Dancer RCA. Dysregulated alveolar function and complications in smokers following oesophagectomy. ERJ Open Res 2019; 5:00089-2018. [PMID: 30847351 PMCID: PMC6397916 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00089-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has a significant impact on post-operative morbidity and mortality following oesophagectomy. Smoking is a risk factor for the development of ARDS, although the mechanism is unclear. We examined the effect of smoking on alveolar and systemic inflammation, in addition to alveolar–capillary permeability, leading to ARDS in patients undergoing oesophagectomy. We compared clinical, biomarker and PiCCO system data between current smokers (n=14) and ex-smokers (n=36) enrolled into a translational substudy of the BALTI-P (Beta Agonist Lung Injury Trial Prevention) trial. Current smokers compared with ex-smokers had significantly higher numbers of circulating neutrophils, elevated bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor-1 and pre-operative plasma soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and lower BAL vascular endothelial growth factor and post-operative plasma IL-17 (p<0.05). On post-operative day 1, current smokers had higher extravascular lung water index (9.80 versus 7.90; p=0.026) and pulmonary vascular permeability index (2.09 versus 1.70; p=0.013). Current smokers were more likely to develop ARDS (57% versus 25%; p=0.031) and had a significantly reduced post-operative median survival (421 versus 771 days; p=0.023). Smoking prior to oesophagectomy is associated with dysregulated inflammation, with higher concentrations of inflammatory mediators and lower concentrations of protective mediators. This translates into a higher post-operative inflammatory alveolar oedema, greater risk of ARDS and poorer long-term survival. Patients who smoke at the time of oesophagectomy have dysregulated immune function, greater post-operative alveolar oedema, higher incidence of ARDS and poorer long-term survivalhttp://ow.ly/EsEh30nbO0R
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian T Lugg
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,These two authors are joint first authors
| | - Kerrie A Alridge
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,These two authors are joint first authors
| | - Phillip A Howells
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dhruv Parekh
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Aaron Scott
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rahul Y Mahida
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniel Park
- Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Olga Tucker
- Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Fang Gao
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - David R Thickett
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,These two authors are joint final authors
| | - Rachel C A Dancer
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,These two authors are joint final authors
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Yin J, Bai CX. Pharmacotherapy for Adult Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:1138-1141. [PMID: 29722332 PMCID: PMC5956763 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.231520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chun-Xue Bai
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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26
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Parekh D, Dancer RCA, Scott A, D'Souza VK, Howells PA, Mahida RY, Tang JCY, Cooper MS, Fraser WD, Tan L, Gao F, Martineau AR, Tucker O, Perkins GD, Thickett DR. Vitamin D to Prevent Lung Injury Following Esophagectomy-A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Crit Care Med 2018; 46:e1128-e1135. [PMID: 30222631 PMCID: PMC6250246 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000003405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Observational studies suggest an association between vitamin D deficiency and adverse outcomes of critical illness and identify it as a potential risk factor for the development of lung injury. To determine whether preoperative administration of oral high-dose cholecalciferol ameliorates early acute lung injury postoperatively in adults undergoing elective esophagectomy. DESIGN A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING Three large U.K. university hospitals. PATIENTS Seventy-nine adult patients undergoing elective esophagectomy were randomized. INTERVENTIONS A single oral preoperative (3-14 d) dose of 7.5 mg (300,000 IU; 15 mL) cholecalciferol or matched placebo. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Primary outcome was change in extravascular lung water index at the end of esophagectomy. Secondary outcomes included PaO2:FIO2 ratio, development of lung injury, ventilator and organ-failure free days, 28 and 90 day survival, safety of cholecalciferol supplementation, plasma vitamin D status (25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D, and vitamin D-binding protein), pulmonary vascular permeability index, and extravascular lung water index day 1 postoperatively. An exploratory study measured biomarkers of alveolar-capillary inflammation and injury. Forty patients were randomized to cholecalciferol and 39 to placebo. There was no significant change in extravascular lung water index at the end of the operation between treatment groups (placebo median 1.0 [interquartile range, 0.4-1.8] vs cholecalciferol median 0.4 mL/kg [interquartile range, 0.4-1.2 mL/kg]; p = 0.059). Median pulmonary vascular permeability index values were significantly lower in the cholecalciferol treatment group (placebo 0.4 [interquartile range, 0-0.7] vs cholecalciferol 0.1 [interquartile range, -0.15 to -0.35]; p = 0.027). Cholecalciferol treatment effectively increased 25(OH)D concentrations, but surgery resulted in a decrease in 25(OH)D concentrations at day 3 in both arms. There was no difference in clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS High-dose preoperative treatment with oral cholecalciferol was effective at increasing 25(OH)D concentrations and reduced changes in postoperative pulmonary vascular permeability index, but not extravascular lung water index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Parekh
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel C A Dancer
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Aging, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Academic Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care, Resuscitation and Pain, Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Scott
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Aging, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Vijay K D'Souza
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Aging, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip A Howells
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Aging, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rahul Y Mahida
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Aging, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan C Y Tang
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Mark S Cooper
- Discipline of Medicine, Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - William D Fraser
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - LamChin Tan
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Fang Gao
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Aging, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Academic Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care, Resuscitation and Pain, Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian R Martineau
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Olga Tucker
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Aging, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Academic Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care, Resuscitation and Pain, Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin D Perkins
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Academic Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care, Resuscitation and Pain, Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - David R Thickett
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Aging, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital University Hospitals, Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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27
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Abbott T, Fowler A, Pelosi P, Gama de Abreu M, Møller A, Canet J, Creagh-Brown B, Mythen M, Gin T, Lalu M, Futier E, Grocott M, Schultz M, Pearse R, Myles P, Gan T, Kurz A, Peyton P, Sessler D, Tramèr M, Cyna A, De Oliveira G, Wu C, Jensen M, Kehlet H, Botti M, Boney O, Haller G, Grocott M, Cook T, Fleisher L, Neuman M, Story D, Gruen R, Bampoe S, Evered L, Scott D, Silbert B, van Dijk D, Kalkman C, Chan M, Grocott H, Eckenhoff R, Rasmussen L, Eriksson L, Beattie S, Wijeysundera D, Landoni G, Leslie K, Biccard B, Howell S, Nagele P, Richards T, Lamy A, Gabreu M, Klein A, Corcoran T, Jamie Cooper D, Dieleman S, Diouf E, McIlroy D, Bellomo R, Shaw A, Prowle J, Karkouti K, Billings J, Mazer D, Jayarajah M, Murphy M, Bartoszko J, Sneyd R, Morris S, George R, Moonesinghe R, Shulman M, Lane-Fall M, Nilsson U, Stevenson N, van Klei W, Cabrini L, Miller T, Pace N, Jackson S, Buggy D, Short T, Riedel B, Gottumukkala V, Alkhaffaf B, Johnson M. A systematic review and consensus definitions for standardised end-points in perioperative medicine: pulmonary complications. Br J Anaesth 2018; 120:1066-1079. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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28
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Wise R, Bishop D, Joynt G, Rodseth R. Perioperative ARDS and lung injury: for anaesthesia and beyond. SOUTHERN AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/22201181.2018.1449463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wise
- Perioperative Research Unit, Metropolitan Department of Anaesthetics, Critical Care and Pain Management, Pietermaritzburg, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Discipline of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Durban, South Africa
| | - David Bishop
- Perioperative Research Unit, Metropolitan Department of Anaesthetics, Critical Care and Pain Management, Pietermaritzburg, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Discipline of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Durban, South Africa
| | - Gavin Joynt
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Reitze Rodseth
- Perioperative Research Unit, Metropolitan Department of Anaesthetics, Critical Care and Pain Management, Pietermaritzburg, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Discipline of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Durban, South Africa
- Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening form of respiratory failure that affects approximately 200 000 patients each year in the United States, resulting in nearly 75 000 deaths annually. Globally, ARDS accounts for 10% of intensive care unit admissions, representing more than 3 million patients with ARDS annually. OBJECTIVE To review advances in diagnosis and treatment of ARDS over the last 5 years. EVIDENCE REVIEW We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from 2012 to 2017 focusing on randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and clinical practice guidelines. Articles were identified for full text review with manual review of bibliographies generating additional references. FINDINGS After screening 1662 citations, 31 articles detailing major advances in the diagnosis or treatment of ARDS were selected. The Berlin definition proposed 3 categories of ARDS based on the severity of hypoxemia: mild (200 mm Hg<Pao2/Fio2≤300 mm Hg), moderate (100 mm Hg<Pao2/Fio2≤200 mm Hg), and severe (Pao2/Fio2 ≤100 mm Hg), along with explicit criteria related to timing of the syndrome's onset, origin of edema, and the chest radiograph findings. The Berlin definition has significantly greater predictive validity for mortality than the prior American-European Consensus Conference definition. Clinician interpretation of the origin of edema and chest radiograph criteria may be less reliable in making a diagnosis of ARDS. The cornerstone of management remains mechanical ventilation, with a goal to minimize ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Aspirin was not effective in preventing ARDS in patients at high-risk for the syndrome. Adjunctive interventions to further minimize VILI, such as prone positioning in patients with a Pao2/Fio2 ratio less than 150 mm Hg, were associated with a significant mortality benefit whereas others (eg, extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal) remain experimental. Pharmacologic therapies such as β2 agonists, statins, and keratinocyte growth factor, which targeted pathophysiologic alterations in ARDS, were not beneficial and demonstrated possible harm. Recent guidelines on mechanical ventilation in ARDS provide evidence-based recommendations related to 6 interventions, including low tidal volume and inspiratory pressure ventilation, prone positioning, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, higher vs lower positive end-expiratory pressure, lung recruitment maneuvers, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The Berlin definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome addressed limitations of the American-European Consensus Conference definition, but poor reliability of some criteria may contribute to underrecognition by clinicians. No pharmacologic treatments aimed at the underlying pathology have been shown to be effective, and management remains supportive with lung-protective mechanical ventilation. Guidelines on mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome can assist clinicians in delivering evidence-based interventions that may lead to improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddy Fan
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network and Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Daniel Brodie
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York
| | - Arthur S Slutsky
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Keenan Research Center, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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30
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de la Gala F. Response to Murphy and Shelley. Br J Anaesth 2018; 120:607-609. [PMID: 29452823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F de la Gala
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Gregorio Marañón University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
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31
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Outcomes following the use of nebulized heparin for inhalation injury (HIHI Study). J Intensive Care Soc 2017; 19:80-82. [PMID: 29456608 DOI: 10.1177/1751143717737408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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32
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Howells PA, Aldridge KA, Parekh D, Park D, Tucker O, Dancer RCA, Gao F, Perkins GD, Thickett DR. ARDS following oesophagectomy: a comparison of two trials. BMJ Open Respir Res 2017; 4:e000207. [PMID: 29435341 PMCID: PMC5687524 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2017-000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Beta Agonist Lung Injury Trial-Prevention (BALTI-P) translational substudy and Vitamin D to Prevent Acute Lung Injury Following Oesophagectomy (VINDALOO) trials recruited patients undergoing oesophagectomy, 4 years apart. The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) rates were lower in the VINDALOO trial. We sought to identify changes between these two trials and identify risk factors for ARDS in oesophagectomy. Methods There were data available from 61 patients in the BALTI-P substudy and 68 from VINDALOO. Databases were available for both trials; additional data were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyse risk factors for ARDS and postoperative complications in the cohorts combined. Results Logistic regression analysis showed active smoking was associated with an increase in ARDS (OR 3.91; 95% CI 1.33 to 11.5) and dihydropyridine use (OR 5.34;95% CI 1.56 to 18.3). Hospital length of stay was longer for those who took dihydropyridines (median 29 days (IQR 17–42) vs 13 days (IQR 10–18), P=0.0007) or were diabetic (median 25 days (IQR 14–39) vs 13 (IQR 10–19), P=0.023) but not for current smokers (median in never/ex-smokers 13 (IQR 10–23) vs current smokers 15 (IQR 11–20), P=0.73). Conclusions Smoking cessation trials should be promoted. Dihydropyridine effects perioperatively require further clinical and mechanistic evaluation. Patients undergoing oesophagectomy are a useful model for studying perioperative ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip A Howells
- Peri-operative and critical care trials group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kerrie A Aldridge
- Peri-operative and critical care trials group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dhruv Parekh
- Peri-operative and critical care trials group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniel Park
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Olga Tucker
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rachel C A Dancer
- Peri-operative and critical care trials group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Fang Gao
- Peri-operative and critical care trials group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gavin D Perkins
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Birmingham, UK
| | - David R Thickett
- Peri-operative and critical care trials group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Report of the ISHLT Working Group on primary lung graft dysfunction Part IV: Prevention and treatment: A 2016 Consensus Group statement of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017; 36:1121-1136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Yadav H, Thompson BT, Gajic O. Fifty Years of Research in ARDS. Is Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome a Preventable Disease? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:725-736. [PMID: 28040987 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201609-1767ci] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in our understanding and management of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the morbidity and mortality from ARDS remains high. Given the limited number of effective treatments for established ARDS, the strategic focus of ARDS research has shifted toward identifying patients with or at high risk of ARDS early in the course of the underlying illness, when strategies to reduce the development and progression of ARDS and associated organ failures can be systematically evaluated. In this review, we summarize the rationale, current evidence, and future directions in ARDS prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemang Yadav
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - B Taylor Thompson
- 2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ognjen Gajic
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
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Artigas A, Camprubí-Rimblas M, Tantinyà N, Bringué J, Guillamat-Prats R, Matthay MA. Inhalation therapies in acute respiratory distress syndrome. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:293. [PMID: 28828368 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.07.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The defining features of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are an excessive inflammatory respiratory response associated with high morbidity and mortality. Treatment consists mainly of measures to avoid worsening lung injury and cannot reverse the underlying pathophysiological process. New pharmacological agents have shown promising results in preclinical studies; however, they have not been successfully translated to patients with ARDS. The lack of effective therapeutic interventions has resulted in a recent interest in strategies to prevent ARDS with treatments delivering medications directly to the lungs by inhalation and nebulization, hopefully minimizing systemic adverse events. We analyzed the effect of different aerosolized drugs such as bronchodilators, corticosteroids, pulmonary vasodilators, anticoagulants, mucolytics and surfactant. New therapeutic strategies and ongoing trials using carbon monoxide (CO) and AP301 peptide are also briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Artigas
- Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Tauli (I3PT), Sabadell, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Critical Care Center, Corporació Sanitària Universitaria Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Marta Camprubí-Rimblas
- Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Tauli (I3PT), Sabadell, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Neus Tantinyà
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Bringué
- Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Tauli (I3PT), Sabadell, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Guillamat-Prats
- Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Tauli (I3PT), Sabadell, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael A Matthay
- Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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Festic E, Carr GE, Cartin–Ceba R, Hinds RF, Banner–Goodspeed V, Bansal V, Asuni AT, Talmor D, Rajagopalan G, Frank RD, Gajic O, Matthay MA, Levitt JE. Randomized Clinical Trial of a Combination of an Inhaled Corticosteroid and Beta Agonist in Patients at Risk of Developing the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Crit Care Med 2017; 45:798-805. [PMID: 28240689 PMCID: PMC5392150 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000002284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Effective pharmacologic treatments directly targeting lung injury in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome are lacking. Early treatment with inhaled corticosteroids and beta agonists may reduce progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome by reducing lung inflammation and enhancing alveolar fluid clearance. DESIGN Double-blind, randomized clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01783821). The primary outcome was longitudinal change in oxygen saturation divided by the FIO2 (S/F) through day 5. We also analyzed categorical change in S/F by greater than 20%. Other outcomes included need for mechanical ventilation and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. SETTING Five academic centers in the United States. PATIENTS Adult patients admitted through the emergency department at risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome. INTERVENTIONS Aerosolized budesonide/formoterol versus placebo bid for up to 5 days. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Sixty-one patients were enrolled from September 3, 2013, to June 9, 2015. Median time from presentation to first study drug was less than 9 hours. More patients in the control group had shock at enrollment (14 vs 3 patients). The longitudinal increase in S/F was greater in the treatment group (p = 0.02) and independent of shock (p = 0.04). Categorical change in S/F improved (p = 0.01) but not after adjustment for shock (p = 0.15). More patients in the placebo group developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (7 vs 0) and required mechanical ventilation (53% vs 21%). CONCLUSIONS Early treatment with inhaled budesonide/formoterol in patients at risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome is feasible and improved oxygenation as assessed by S/F. These results support further study to test the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids and beta agonists for prevention of acute respiratory distress syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emir Festic
- Department of Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Gordon E Carr
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | | | - Richard F Hinds
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Vikas Bansal
- Department of Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Adijat T Asuni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Daniel Talmor
- Department of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | | | - Ryan D Frank
- Department of Health-Science Research/Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Ognjen Gajic
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Michael A Matthay
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Joseph E Levitt
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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Jin Z, Suen KC, Ma D. Perioperative "remote" acute lung injury: recent update. J Biomed Res 2017; 31:197-212. [PMID: 28808222 PMCID: PMC5460608 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.31.20160053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Perioperative acute lung injury (ALI) is a syndrome characterised by hypoxia and chest radiograph changes. It is a serious post-operative complication, associated with considerable mortality and morbidity. In addition to mechanical ventilation, remote organ insult could also trigger systemic responses which induce ALI. Currently, there are limited treatment options available beyond conservative respiratory support. However, increasing understanding of the pathophysiology of ALI and the biochemical pathways involved will aid the development of novel treatments and help to improve patient outcome as well as to reduce cost to the health service. In this review we will discuss the epidemiology of peri-operative ALI; the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved on the pathological process; the clinical considerations in preventing and managing perioperative ALI and the potential future treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaosheng Jin
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Ka Chun Suen
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Daqing Ma
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NH, UK
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38
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Bone NB, Liu Z, Pittet JF, Zmijewski JW. Frontline Science: D1 dopaminergic receptor signaling activates the AMPK-bioenergetic pathway in macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells and reduces endotoxin-induced ALI. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 101:357-365. [PMID: 27733575 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3hi0216-068rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Catecholamines, including β-adrenergic and dopaminergic neurotransmitters, have an essential role in regulating the "fight or flight" reflex and also affects immune cell proinflammatory action. However, little is known about whether catecholamines prevent dysfunction of metabolic pathways associated with inflammatory organ injury, including development of acute lung injury (ALI). We hypothesize that selected catecholamines may reduce metabolic alterations in LPS-stimulated macrophages and in the lungs of mice subjected to endotoxin-induced ALI, a situation characterized by diminished activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). We found that activation of the dopamine 1 receptor (D1R) with fenoldopam, but not stimulation of adrenergic receptors with norepinephrine, resulted in a robust activation of AMPK in peritoneal macrophages, human monocytes, or alveolar epithelial cells (AECs). Such AMPK activation was mediated by a phospholipase C (PLC)-dependent mechanism. Unlike norepinephrine, D1R activation also prevented Thr172-AMPK dephosphorylation and kinase inactivation in LPS-treated macrophages. Furthermore, we show that a culture of AECs with either fenoldopam or the AMPK activator metformin effectively diminished IL-1β-induced release of adverse paracrine signaling, which promotes the macrophage proinflammatory response. In vivo, fenoldopam reduced the severity of LPS-induced ALI, including development of pulmonary edema, lung permeability, and production of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, MIP-2, or KC and HMGB1. Fenoldopam also prevented AMPK dephosphorylation in the lungs of LPS-treated mice and prevented loss of mitochondrial complexes NDUFB8 (complex I) and ATP synthase (complex V). Collectively, these results suggest that dopamine is coupled to AMPK activation, which provides a substantial anti-inflammatory and bioenergetic advantage and reduces the severity of endotoxin-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel B Bone
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; and
| | - Zhongyu Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; and
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Williams AE, José RJ, Mercer PF, Brealey D, Parekh D, Thickett DR, O'Kane C, McAuley DF, Chambers RC. Evidence for chemokine synergy during neutrophil migration in ARDS. Thorax 2016; 72:66-73. [PMID: 27496101 PMCID: PMC5329051 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-208597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening condition characterised by pulmonary oedema, respiratory failure and severe inflammation. ARDS is further characterised by the recruitment of neutrophils into the lung interstitium and alveolar space. Objectives The factors that regulate neutrophil infiltration into the inflamed lung and our understanding of the pathomechanisms in ARDS remain incomplete. This study aimed at determining the role of the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)2 and CCL7 in ARDS. Methods CCL2 and CCL7 protein levels were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid obtained from lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-challenged human volunteers and two separate cohorts of patients with ARDS. Neutrophil chemotaxis to ARDS BAL fluid was evaluated and the contribution of each was assessed and compared with chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8 (CXCL8). Chemokine receptor expression on neutrophils from blood or BAL fluid of patients with ARDS was analysed by flow cytometry. Results CCL2 and CCL7 were significantly elevated in BAL fluid recovered from LPS-challenged volunteers and patients with ARDS. BAL fluid from patients with ARDS was highly chemotactic for human neutrophils and neutralising either CCL2 or CCL7 attenuated the neutrophil chemotactic response. Moreover, CCL2 and CCL7 synergised with CXCL8 to promote neutrophil migration. Furthermore, neutrophils isolated from the blood or BAL fluid differentially regulated the cell surface expression of chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 1 and C-C chemokine receptor type 2 during ARDS. Conclusion This study highlights important inflammatory chemokines involved in regulating neutrophil migration, which may have potential value as therapeutic targets for the treatment of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Williams
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Rayne Institute, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Ricardo J José
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Rayne Institute, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Paul F Mercer
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Rayne Institute, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - David Brealey
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Dhruv Parekh
- Institute of Inflammation and Aging, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - David R Thickett
- Institute of Inflammation and Aging, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Cecelia O'Kane
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast and Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Danny F McAuley
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast and Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Rachel C Chambers
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Rayne Institute, University College London (UCL), London, UK
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Howells P, Thickett D, Knox C, Park D, Gao F, Tucker O, Whitehouse T, McAuley D, Perkins G. The impact of the acute respiratory distress syndrome on outcome after oesophagectomy. Br J Anaesth 2016; 117:375-81. [PMID: 27440674 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aew178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a serious complication of major surgery and consumes substantial healthcare resources. Oesophagectomy is associated with high rates of ARDS. The aim of this study was to characterize patients and identify risk factors for developing ARDS after oesophagectomy. METHODS A secondary analysis of data from 331 patients gathered during the Beta Agonists Lung Injury Prevention Trial was undertaken. Characteristics and outcomes of patients with early (first 72 h postoperatively) and late (after 72 h) ARDS were determined. Linear and multivariate regression analysis was used to study the differences between early and late ARDS and identify risk factors. RESULTS ARDS was associated with more non-respiratory organ failure (early 44.1%, late 75.0%, no ARDS 27.6% P<0.001), longer ICU stay (mean early 12.1, late 20.2, no ARDS 7.3 days P<0.001) and longer hospital stay (mean early 18.1, late 24.5, no ARDS 14.2 days P<0.001) but no difference in mortality or quality of life. Older patients (OR 1.06 (1.00 to 1.13), P=0.045) and those with mid-oesophageal tumours (OR 7.48 (1.62-34.5), P=0.010) had a higher risk for ARDS. CONCLUSIONS Early and late ARDS after oesophagectomy increases intensive care and hospital length of stay. Given the high incidence of ARDS, cohorts of patients undergoing oesophagectomy may be useful as models for studies investigating ARDS prevention and treatment. Further investigations aimed at reducing perioperative ARDS are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Howells
- Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - D Thickett
- Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - C Knox
- Mathematics and Statistics Help Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HL, UK
| | - D Park
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK
| | - F Gao
- Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK
| | - O Tucker
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - T Whitehouse
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, B15 2TT UK
| | - D McAuley
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Victoria Hospital, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
| | - G Perkins
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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Chronic Hypoxemia in Children With Congenital Heart Defect Impairs Airway Epithelial Sodium Transport. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2016; 17:45-52. [PMID: 26509813 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000000568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ambient hypoxia impairs the airway epithelial Na transport, which is crucial in lung edema reabsorption. Whether chronic systemic hypoxemia affects airway Na transport has remained largely unknown. We have therefore investigated whether chronic systemic hypoxemia in children with congenital heart defect affects airway epithelial Na transport, Na transporter-gene expression, and short-term lung edema accumulation. DESIGN Prospective, observational study. SETTING Tertiary care medical center responsible for nationwide pediatric cardiac surgery. PATIENTS Ninety-nine children with congenital heart defect or acquired heart disease (age range, 6 d to 14.8 yr) were divided into three groups based on their level of preoperative systemic hypoxemia: 1) normoxemic patients (SpO2% ≥ 95%; n = 44), 2) patients with cyanotic congenital heart defect and moderate hypoxemia (SpO2 86-94%; n = 16), and 3) patients with cyanotic congenital heart defect and profound systemic hypoxemia (SpO2 ≤ 85%; n = 39). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Nasal transepithelial potential difference served as a surrogate measure for epithelial Na transport of the respiratory tract. Profoundly hypoxemic patients had 29% lower basal nasal transepithelial potential difference (p = 0.02) and 55% lower amiloride-sensitive nasal transepithelial potential difference (p = 0.0003) than normoxemic patients. In profoundly hypoxemic patients, nasal epithelial messenger RNA expressions of two airway Na transporters (amiloride-sensitive epithelial Na channel and β1- Na-K-ATPase) were not attenuated, but instead α1-Na-K-ATPase messenger RNA levels were higher (p = 0.03) than in the normoxemic patients, indicating that posttranscriptional factors may impair airway Na transport. The chest radiograph lung edema score increased after congenital cardiac surgery in profoundly hypoxemic patients (p = 0.0004) but not in patients with normoxemia or moderate hypoxemia. CONCLUSIONS The impaired airway epithelial amiloride-sensitive Na transport activity in profoundly hypoxemic children with cyanotic congenital heart defect may hinder defense against lung edema after cardiac surgery.
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With-No-Lysine Kinase 4 Mediates Alveolar Fluid Regulation in Hyperoxia-Induced Lung Injury. Crit Care Med 2015; 43:e412-9. [PMID: 26035408 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000001144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate mechanisms involved in the regulation of epithelial ion channels and alveolar fluid clearance in hyperoxia-induced lung injury. DESIGN Laboratory animal experiments. SETTING Animal care facility procedure room in a medical center. SUBJECTS Wild-type, STE20/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase knockout (SPAK(-/-)), and with-no-lysine kinase 4 knockin (WNK4(D561A/+)) mice. INTERVENTIONS Mice were exposed to room air or 95% hyperoxia for 60 hours. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Exposure to hyperoxia for 60 hours increased the lung expression of with-no-lysine kinase 4 and led to STE20/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase and sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter phosphorylation, which resulted in the suppression of alveolar fluid clearance and increase of lung edema. WNK4(D561A/+) mice at the baseline presented an abundance of epithelium sodium channel and high levels of STE20/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase and sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter phosphorylation. Compared with the wild-type group, hyperoxia caused greater epithelium sodium channel expression in WNK4(D561A/+) mice, but no significant difference in STE20/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase and sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter phosphorylation. The functional inactivation of sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter by gene knockout in SPAK(-/-) mice yielded a lower severity of lung injury and longer animal survival, whereas constitutive expression of with-no-lysine kinase 4 exacerbated the hyperoxia-induced lung injury. Pharmacologic inhibition of sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter by inhaled furosemide improved animal survival in WNK4(D561A/+) mice. By contrast, inhibition of epithelium sodium channel exacerbated the hyperoxia-induced lung injury and animal death. CONCLUSIONS With-no-lysine kinase 4 plays a crucial role in the regulation of epithelial ion channels and alveolar fluid clearance, mainly via phosphorylation and activation of STE20/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase and sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The paucity of effective therapeutic interventions in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) combined with overwhelming evidence on the importance of timely implementation of effective therapies to critically ill patients has resulted in a recent shift in ARDS research. Increasingly, efforts are being directed toward early identification of patients at risk with a goal of prevention and early treatment, prior to development of the fully established syndrome. The focus of the present review is on the prevention of ARDS in patients without this condition at the time of their healthcare encounter. RECENT FINDINGS The primary thematic categories presented in the present review article include early identification of patients at risk of developing ARDS, optimization of care delivery and its impact on the incidence of ARDS, pharmacological prevention of ARDS, prevention of postoperative ARDS, and challenges and opportunities with ARDS prevention studies. SUMMARY Recent improvements in clinical care delivery have been associated with a decrease in the incidence of hospital-acquired ARDS. Despite the initial challenges, research in ARDS prevention has become increasingly feasible with several randomized controlled trials on ARDS prevention completed or on the way.
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Goligher EC, Douflé G, Fan E. Update in Mechanical Ventilation, Sedation, and Outcomes 2014. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 191:1367-73. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201502-0346up] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Yang J, Sun H, Zhang J, Hu M, Wang J, Wu G, Wang G. Regulation of β-adrenergic receptor trafficking and lung microvascular endothelial cell permeability by Rab5 GTPase. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:868-78. [PMID: 26157342 PMCID: PMC4495405 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rab5 GTPase modulates the trafficking of the cell surface receptors, including G protein-coupled β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs). Here, we have determined the role of Rab5 in regulating the internalization of β-ARs in lung microvascular endothelial cells (LMECs) and in maintaining the integrity and permeability of endothelial cell barrier. Our data demonstrate that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment disrupts LMEC barrier function and reduces the cell surface expression of β-ARs. Furthermore, the activation of β-ARs, particularly β2-AR, is able to protect the LMEC permeability from LPS injury. Moreover, siRNA-mediated knockdown of Rab5 inhibits both the basal and agonist-provoked internalization of β-ARs, therefore, enhancing the cell surface expression of the receptors and receptor-mediated ERK1/2 activation. Importantly, knockdown of Rab5 not only inhibits the LPS-induced effects on β-ARs but also protects the LMEC monolayer permeability. All together, these data provide strong evidence indicating a crucial role of Rab5-mediated internalization of β-ARs in functional regulation of LMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Yang
- 1. Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Huan Sun
- 1. Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jihang Zhang
- 2. Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Mingdong Hu
- 1. Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jianchun Wang
- 1. Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Guangyu Wu
- 3. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta 30912, USA
| | - Guansong Wang
- 1. Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
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Ruthman CA, Festic E. Emerging therapies for the prevention of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2015; 9:173-87. [PMID: 26002528 DOI: 10.1177/1753465815585716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) carries significant risk of morbidity and mortality. To date, pharmacological therapy has been largely ineffective for patients with ARDS. We present our personal review aimed at outlining current and future directions for the pharmacological prevention of ARDS. Several available risk-stratification or prediction score strategies for identification of patients at risk of ARDS have been reported. Although not ready for clinical everyday use, they are and will be instrumental in the ongoing and future trials of pharmacoprevention of ARDS.Several systemic medications established the potential role in ARDS prevention based on the preclinical studies and observational data. Due to potential for systemic adverse effects to neutralize any pharmacological benefits of systemic therapy, inhaled medications appear particularly attractive candidates for ARDS prevention. This is because of their direct delivery to the site of proposed action (lungs), while the pulmonary epithelial surface is still functional.We postulate that overall morbidity and mortality rates from ARDS in the future will be contingent upon decreasing the overall incidence of ARDS through effective identification of those at risk and early application of proven supportive care and pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl A Ruthman
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Emir Festic
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224 USA
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Cain DJ, Del Arroyo AG, Ackland GL. Man is the new mouse: Elective surgery as a key translational model for multi-organ dysfunction and sepsis. J Intensive Care Soc 2015; 16:154-163. [PMID: 28979398 DOI: 10.1177/1751143714564826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Translational research in critically ill human patients presents many methodological challenges. Diagnostic uncertainty, coupled with poorly defined comorbidities, make the identification of a suitable control population for case-control investigations an arguably insurmountable challenge. Healthy volunteer experiments using endotoxin infusion as an inflammatory model are methodologically robust, but fail to replicate the onset of, and diverse therapeutic interventions associated with, sepsis/trauma. Animal models are also limited by many of these issues. Major elective surgery addresses many of these shortfalls and offers a key model for exploring the human biology underlying the sepsis syndrome. Surgery triggers highly conserved features of the human inflammatory response that are common to both tissue damage and infection. Surgical patients sustain a predictable and relatively high incidence of sepsis, particularly within the 'higher risk' group. The collection of preoperative samples enables each patient to act as their own control. Thus, the surgical model offers unique and elegant experimental design features that provide an important translational bridge between the basic biological understanding afforded by animal laboratory models and the de novo presentation of human sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Cain
- Clinical Physiology, Department of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Gareth L Ackland
- Clinical Physiology, Department of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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Beitler JR, Schoenfeld DA, Thompson BT. Preventing ARDS: progress, promise, and pitfalls. Chest 2014; 146:1102-1113. [PMID: 25288000 DOI: 10.1378/chest.14-0555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in critical care practice have led to a substantial decline in the incidence of ARDS over the past several years. Low tidal volume ventilation, timely resuscitation and antimicrobial administration, restrictive transfusion practices, and primary prevention of aspiration and nosocomial pneumonia have likely contributed to this reduction. Despite decades of research, there is no proven pharmacologic treatment of ARDS, and mortality from ARDS remains high. Consequently, recent initiatives have broadened the scope of lung injury research to include targeted prevention of ARDS. Prediction scores have been developed to identify patients at risk for ARDS, and clinical trials testing aspirin and inhaled budesonide/formoterol for ARDS prevention are ongoing. Future trials aimed at preventing ARDS face several key challenges. ARDS has not been validated as an end point for pivotal clinical trials, and caution is needed when testing toxic therapies that may prevent ARDS yet potentially increase mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R Beitler
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | - David A Schoenfeld
- Biostatistics Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - B Taylor Thompson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Boshier
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - N Marczin
- Department of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Anaesthetics, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, UK.,Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Therapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - G B Hanna
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
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