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Gao CA, Morales-Nebreda L, Pickens CI. Gearing up for battle: Harnessing adaptive T cell immunity against gram-negative pneumonia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:934671. [PMID: 36061870 PMCID: PMC9433749 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.934671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and Gram-negative bacteria are a major cause of severe pneumonia. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, the rise of multidrug-resistant organisms and hypervirulent strains demonstrates that there will continue to be challenges with traditional treatment strategies using antibiotics. Hence, an alternative approach is to focus on the disease tolerance components that mediate immune resistance and enhance tissue resilience. Adaptive immunity plays a pivotal role in modulating these processes, thus affecting the incidence and severity of pneumonia. In this review, we focus on the adaptive T cell responses to pneumonia induced by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. We highlight key factors in these responses that have potential for therapeutic targeting, as well as the gaps in current knowledge to be focused on in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Gao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Luisa Morales-Nebreda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Chiagozie I Pickens
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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2
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Reynolds CJ, Pade C, Gibbons JM, Otter AD, Lin KM, Muñoz Sandoval D, Pieper FP, Butler DK, Liu S, Joy G, Forooghi N, Treibel TA, Manisty C, Moon JC, Semper A, Brooks T, McKnight Á, Altmann DM, Boyton RJ, Abbass H, Abiodun A, Alfarih M, Alldis Z, Altmann DM, Amin OE, Andiapen M, Artico J, Augusto JB, Baca GL, Bailey SNL, Bhuva AN, Boulter A, Bowles R, Boyton RJ, Bracken OV, O'Brien B, Brooks T, Bullock N, Butler DK, Captur G, Carr O, Champion N, Chan C, Chandran A, Coleman T, Couto de Sousa J, Couto-Parada X, Cross E, Cutino-Moguel T, D'Arcangelo S, Davies RH, Douglas B, Di Genova C, Dieobi-Anene K, Diniz MO, Ellis A, Feehan K, Finlay M, Fontana M, Forooghi N, Francis S, Gibbons JM, Gillespie D, Gilroy D, Hamblin M, Harker G, Hemingway G, Hewson J, Heywood W, Hickling LM, Hicks B, Hingorani AD, Howes L, Itua I, Jardim V, Lee WYJ, Jensen M, Jones J, Jones M, Joy G, Kapil V, Kelly C, Kurdi H, Lambourne J, Lin KM, Liu S, Lloyd A, Louth S, Maini MK, Mandadapu V, Manisty C, McKnight Á, Menacho K, Mfuko C, Mills K, Millward S, Mitchelmore O, Moon C, Moon J, Muñoz Sandoval D, Murray SM, Noursadeghi M, Otter A, Pade C, Palma S, Parker R, Patel K, Pawarova M, Petersen SE, Piniera B, Pieper FP, Rannigan L, Rapala A, Reynolds CJ, Richards A, Robathan M, Rosenheim J, Rowe C, Royds M, Sackville West J, Sambile G, Schmidt NM, Selman H, Semper A, Seraphim A, Simion M, Smit A, Sugimoto M, Swadling L, Taylor S, Temperton N, Thomas S, Thornton GD, Treibel TA, Tucker A, Varghese A, Veerapen J, Vijayakumar M, Warner T, Welch S, White H, Wodehouse T, Wynne L, Zahedi D, Chain B, Moon JC. Immune boosting by B.1.1.529 (Omicron) depends on previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Science 2022; 377:eabq1841. [PMID: 35699621 PMCID: PMC9210451 DOI: 10.1126/science.abq1841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Omicron, or Pango lineage B.1.1.529, variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) carries multiple spike mutations with high transmissibility and partial neutralizing antibody (nAb) escape. Vaccinated individuals show protection against severe disease, often attributed to primed cellular immunity. We investigated T and B cell immunity against B.1.1.529 in triple BioNTech BNT162b2 messenger RNA-vaccinated health care workers (HCWs) with different SARS-CoV-2 infection histories. B and T cell immunity against previous variants of concern was enhanced in triple-vaccinated individuals, but the magnitude of T and B cell responses against B.1.1.529 spike protein was reduced. Immune imprinting by infection with the earlier B.1.1.7 (Alpha) variant resulted in less durable binding antibody against B.1.1.529. Previously infection-naïve HCWs who became infected during the B.1.1.529 wave showed enhanced immunity against earlier variants but reduced nAb potency and T cell responses against B.1.1.529 itself. Previous Wuhan Hu-1 infection abrogated T cell recognition and any enhanced cross-reactive neutralizing immunity on infection with B.1.1.529.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corinna Pade
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Joseph M Gibbons
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Kai-Min Lin
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - David K Butler
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Siyi Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - George Joy
- St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Nasim Forooghi
- St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Thomas A Treibel
- St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Manisty
- St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - James C Moon
- St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Tim Brooks
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, UK
| | - Áine McKnight
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Daniel M Altmann
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rosemary J Boyton
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Lung Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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3
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Reynolds CJ, Gibbons JM, Pade C, Lin KM, Sandoval DM, Pieper F, Butler DK, Liu S, Otter AD, Joy G, Menacho K, Fontana M, Smit A, Kele B, Cutino-Moguel T, Maini MK, Noursadeghi M, Brooks T, Semper A, Manisty C, Treibel TA, Moon JC, McKnight Á, Altmann DM, Boyton RJ. Heterologous infection and vaccination shapes immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Science 2022; 375:183-192. [PMID: 34855510 PMCID: PMC10186585 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm0811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The impact of the initial severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infecting strain on downstream immunity to heterologous variants of concern (VOCs) is unknown. Studying a longitudinal healthcare worker cohort, we found that after three antigen exposures (infection plus two vaccine doses), S1 antibody, memory B cells, and heterologous neutralization of B.1.351, P.1, and B.1.617.2 plateaued, whereas B.1.1.7 neutralization and spike T cell responses increased. Serology using the Wuhan Hu-1 spike receptor binding domain poorly predicted neutralizing immunity against VOCs. Neutralization potency against VOCs changed with heterologous virus encounter and number of antigen exposures. Neutralization potency fell differentially depending on targeted VOCs over the 5 months from the second vaccine dose. Heterologous combinations of spike encountered during infection and vaccination shape subsequent cross-protection against VOC, with implications for future-proof next-generation vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph M. Gibbons
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Corinna Pade
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Kai-Min Lin
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Franziska Pieper
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David K. Butler
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Siyi Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - George Joy
- St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Katia Menacho
- St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Beatrix Kele
- St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Mala K. Maini
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mahdad Noursadeghi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - COVIDsortium Immune Correlates Network‡
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, UK
- St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Tim Brooks
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, UK
| | | | - Charlotte Manisty
- St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas A. Treibel
- St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - James C. Moon
- St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - COVIDsortium Investigators‡
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, UK
- St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Áine McKnight
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Daniel M. Altmann
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rosemary J. Boyton
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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4
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Abstract
Bronchiectasis is a complex, heterogeneous disorder defined by both a radiological abnormality of permanent bronchial dilatation and a clinical syndrome. There are multiple underlying causes including severe infections, mycobacterial disease, autoimmune conditions, hypersensitivity disorders, and genetic conditions. The pathophysiology of disease is understood in terms of interdependent concepts of chronic infection, inflammation, impaired mucociliary clearance, and structural lung damage. Neutrophilic inflammation is characteristic of the disease, with elevated levels of harmful proteases such as neutrophil elastase associated with worse outcomes. Recent data show that neutrophil extracellular trap formation may be the key mechanism leading to protease release and severe bronchiectasis. Despite the dominant of neutrophilic disease, eosinophilic subtypes are recognized and may require specific treatments. Neutrophilic inflammation is associated with elevated bacterial loads and chronic infection with organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Loss of diversity of the normal lung microbiota and dominance of proteobacteria such as Pseudomonas and Haemophilus are features of severe bronchiectasis and link to poor outcomes. Ciliary dysfunction is also a key feature, exemplified by the rare genetic syndrome of primary ciliary dyskinesia. Mucus symptoms arise through goblet cell hyperplasia and metaplasia and reduced ciliary function through dyskinesia and loss of ciliated cells. The contribution of chronic inflammation, infection, and mucus obstruction leads to progressive structural lung damage. The heterogeneity of the disease is the most challenging aspect of management. An understanding of the pathophysiology of disease and their biomarkers can help to guide personalized medicine approaches utilizing the concept of "treatable traits."
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly R Keir
- Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - James D Chalmers
- Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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5
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Reynolds CJ, Pade C, Gibbons JM, Butler DK, Otter AD, Menacho K, Fontana M, Smit A, Sackville-West JE, Cutino-Moguel T, Maini MK, Chain B, Noursadeghi M, Brooks T, Semper A, Manisty C, Treibel TA, Moon JC, Valdes AM, McKnight Á, Altmann DM, Boyton R. Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection rescues B and T cell responses to variants after first vaccine dose. Science 2021; 372:eabh1282. [PMID: 33931567 PMCID: PMC8168614 DOI: 10.1126/science.abh1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine rollout has coincided with the spread of variants of concern. We investigated if single dose vaccination, with or without prior infection, confers cross protective immunity to variants. We analyzed T and B cell responses after first dose vaccination with the Pfizer/BioNTech mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 in healthcare workers (HCW) followed longitudinally, with or without prior Wuhan-Hu-1 SARS-CoV-2 infection. After one dose, individuals with prior infection showed enhanced T cell immunity, antibody secreting memory B cell response to spike and neutralizing antibodies effective against B.1.1.7 and B.1.351. By comparison, HCW receiving one vaccine dose without prior infection showed reduced immunity against variants. B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 spike mutations resulted in increased, abrogated or unchanged T cell responses depending on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphisms. Single dose vaccination with BNT162b2 in the context of prior infection with a heterologous variant substantially enhances neutralizing antibody responses against variants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corinna Pade
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Joseph M Gibbons
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - David K Butler
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ashley D Otter
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, UK
| | - Katia Menacho
- St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Marianna Fontana
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Mala K Maini
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Benjamin Chain
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mahdad Noursadeghi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tim Brooks
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, UK
| | - Amanda Semper
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, UK
| | - Charlotte Manisty
- St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas A Treibel
- St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - James C Moon
- St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ana M Valdes
- Academic Rheumatology, Clinical Sciences, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Áine McKnight
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Daniel M Altmann
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rosemary Boyton
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, London, UK
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6
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Kwong K, Benedetti A, Yau Y, Waters V, Nguyen D. Failed eradication therapy of new onset Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in cystic fibrosis children is associated with bacterial resistance to neutrophil functions. J Infect Dis 2021; 225:1886-1895. [PMID: 33606875 PMCID: PMC9159338 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotics, such as inhaled tobramycin are used to eradicate new onset Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients but frequently fail due to reasons poorly understood. We hypothesized that PA isolates' resistance to neutrophil antibacterial functions was associated with failed eradication in patients harboring those strains. METHODS We analyzed all PA isolates from a cohort of 39 CF children with new onset PA infections undergoing tobramycin eradication therapy, where N=30 patients had eradicated and N=9 patients had persistent infection. We characterized several bacterial phenotypes and measured the isolates' susceptibility to neutrophil antibacterial functions using in vitro assays of phagocytosis and intracellular bacterial killing. RESULTS PA isolates from persistent infections were more resistant to neutrophil functions, with lower phagocytosis and intracellular bacterial killing compared to those from eradicated infections. In multivariable analyses, in vitro neutrophil responses were positively associated with twitching motility, and negatively with mucoidy. In vitro neutrophil phagocytosis was a predictor of persistent infection following tobramycin even after adjustment for clinical risk factors. CONCLUSIONS PA isolates from new onset CF infection show strain-specific susceptibility to neutrophil antibacterial functions, and infection with PA isolates resistant to neutrophil phagocytosis is an independent risk factor for failed tobramycin eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kwong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, CA.,Meakins Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, CA
| | - A Benedetti
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, CA.,Centre for Health Outcome Research, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, CA
| | - Y Yau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, CA.,Division of Microbiology, Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, CA
| | - V Waters
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, CA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, CA
| | - D Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, CA.,Meakins Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, CA.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, CA
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7
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Gregorova M, Morse D, Brignoli T, Steventon J, Hamilton F, Albur M, Arnold D, Thomas M, Halliday A, Baum H, Rice C, Avison MB, Davidson AD, Santopaolo M, Oliver E, Goenka A, Finn A, Wooldridge L, Amulic B, Boyton RJ, Altmann DM, Butler DK, McMurray C, Stockton J, Nicholls S, Cooper C, Loman N, Cox MJ, Rivino L, Massey RC. Post-acute COVID-19 associated with evidence of bystander T-cell activation and a recurring antibiotic-resistant bacterial pneumonia. eLife 2020; 9:e63430. [PMID: 33331820 PMCID: PMC7775105 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe the case of a COVID-19 patient who developed recurring ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that acquired increasing levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in response to treatment. Metagenomic analysis revealed the AMR genotype, while immunological analysis revealed massive and escalating levels of T-cell activation. These were both SARS-CoV-2 and P. aeruginosa specific, and bystander activated, which may have contributed to this patient's persistent symptoms and radiological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Gregorova
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Daniel Morse
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Tarcisio Brignoli
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Joseph Steventon
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Alice Halliday
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Holly Baum
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Christopher Rice
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Matthew B Avison
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Davidson
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Marianna Santopaolo
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Oliver
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Anu Goenka
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Adam Finn
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Linda Wooldridge
- Bristol Veterinary School in the Faculty of Health SciencesBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Borko Amulic
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Rosemary J Boyton
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Daniel M Altmann
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - David K Butler
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Claire McMurray
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Joanna Stockton
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Sam Nicholls
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Charles Cooper
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Loman
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael J Cox
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Laura Rivino
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Ruth C Massey
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
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8
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Recombinant N-terminal outer membrane porin (OprF) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a promising vaccine candidate against both P. aeruginosa and some strains of Acinetobacter baumannii. Int J Med Microbiol 2020; 310:151415. [PMID: 32156509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2020.151415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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9
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Xie C, Wen Y, Zhao Y, Zeng S, Guo Q, Liang Q, Chen L, Liu Y, Qiu F, Yang L, Lu J. Clinical Features of Patients with Bronchiectasis with Comorbid Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in China. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:6805-6811. [PMID: 31503552 PMCID: PMC6752100 DOI: 10.12659/msm.917034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of bronchiectasis with comorbid chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is rising, which causes extremely high risk of exacerbation and mortality. We aimed to evaluate the differences in clinicopathological manifestations, immune function, and inflammation in bronchiectasis patients with comorbid COPD vs. patients who only have COPD. Material/Methods Clinicopathological characteristics, including common potentially pathogenic microorganisms, lung function, immune function, and inflammation were assessed in bronchiectasis patients with comorbid COPD and in patients who only had COPD. Results Compared to patients who only had COPD, patients with bronchiectasis with comorbid COPD had a higher positive rate of sputum bacteria (45.27% vs. 28.03%, P<0.01). Among them, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) accounted for 25.19% in COPD (4.37%) (P<0.01). Likewise, patients with bronchiectasis with comorbid COPD had worse lung function, worse COPD assessment test scores, and worse Modified Medical Research Council scores. Moreover, compared with COPD only cases, patients with bronchiectasis with comorbid COPD had higher levels of white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT) (all P<0.05). Interestingly, the expression levels of Treg in patients with bronchiectasis with comorbid COPD were lower than in patients with COPD only (P<0.05). Th17 and Th17/Treg levels were higher (P<0.05). Furthermore, remarkable increased level of IL17 and IL-6 and decreased level of IL-10 and TGF-β were observed in the bronchiectasis combined COPD than in pure COPD (All P<0.05). Conclusions Our findings suggest that P. aeruginosa is the main pathogen of bacterial infection in bronchiectasis patients with comorbid COPD. These patients have more serious clinical manifestations and immune imbalance, which should be considered when providing clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenli Xie
- Fifth People's Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Yongtao Wen
- Fifth People's Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Yiju Zhao
- Fifth People's Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Sufen Zeng
- Fifth People's Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Qingling Guo
- Fifth People's Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Qiuting Liang
- Fifth People's Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Lichong Chen
- Fifth People's Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Yuanbin Liu
- Fifth People's Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Fuman Qiu
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Toxicity, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Toxicity, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Jiachun Lu
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Toxicity, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- J Freyer Most
- Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Philadelphia, PA
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11
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Reynolds CJ, Chong DLW, Li Y, Black SL, Cutler A, Webster Z, Manji J, Altmann DM, Boyton RJ. Bioluminescent Reporting of In Vivo IFN-γ Immune Responses during Infection and Autoimmunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2502-2510. [PMID: 30814307 PMCID: PMC6452029 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
IFN-γ is a key cytokine of innate and adaptive immunity. It is important to understand temporal changes in IFN-γ production and how these changes relate to the role of IFN-γ in diverse models of infectious and autoimmune disease, making the ability to monitor and track IFN-γ production in vivo of a substantial benefit. IFN-γ ELISPOTs have been a central methodology to measure T cell immunity for many years. In this study, we add the capacity to analyze IFN-γ responses with high sensitivity and specificity, longitudinally, in vitro and in vivo. This allows the refinement of experimental protocols because immunity can be tracked in real-time through a longitudinal approach. We have generated a novel murine IFN-γ reporter transgenic model that allows IFN-γ production to be visualized and quantified in vitro and in vivo as bioluminescence using an imaging system. At baseline, in the absence of an inflammatory stimulus, IFN-γ signal from lymphoid tissue is detectable in vivo. Reporter transgenics are used in this study to track the IFN-γ response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in the lung over time in vivo. The longitudinal development of the adaptive T cell immunity following immunization with Ag is identified from day 7 in vivo. Finally, we show that we are able to use this reporter transgenic to follow the onset of autoimmune T cell activation after regulatory T cell depletion in an established model of systemic autoimmunity. This IFN-γ reporter transgenic, termed “Gammaglow,” offers a valuable new modality for tracking IFN-γ immunity, noninvasively and longitudinally over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Reynolds
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom; and
| | - Deborah L W Chong
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom; and
| | - Yihan Li
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom; and
| | - S Lucas Black
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom; and
| | - Amy Cutler
- Transgenics and Embryonic Stem Cell Facility, Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe Webster
- Transgenics and Embryonic Stem Cell Facility, Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom
| | - Jiten Manji
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom; and
| | - Daniel M Altmann
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom; and
| | - Rosemary J Boyton
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom; and
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12
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Vidaillac C, Yong VFL, Jaggi TK, Soh MM, Chotirmall SH. Gender differences in bronchiectasis: a real issue? Breathe (Sheff) 2018; 14:108-121. [PMID: 29875830 PMCID: PMC5980467 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gender differences in chronic respiratory disease, including cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis are clinically apparent and of increasing importance. Differences in disease prevalence, severity and outcome are all described, however, the precise cause of the gender dichotomy and their associated underlying mechanisms have been poorly characterised. A lack of dedicated clinical and epidemiological research focused in this area has led to a paucity of data and therefore a lack of understanding of its key drivers. Diagnosis, disease pathogenesis and treatment response are all complex but important aspects of bronchiectasis with an evident gender bias. Broadening our understanding of the interplay between microbiology, host physiology and the environment in the context of chronic lung diseases, such as bronchiectasis, is critical to unravelling mechanisms driving the observed gender differences. In this review, epidemiological, biological and environmental evidence related to gender in bronchiectasis is summarised. This illustrates gender differences as a “real issue” with the objective of mapping out a future framework upon which a gender-tailored medical approach may be incorporated into the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of bronchiectasis. CF and non-CF bronchiectasis are complex multifactorial chronic pulmonary diseases demonstrating gender differences in their prevalence, severity and infections, some of which are attributable to sex hormoneshttp://ow.ly/beDf30jseK4
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Vidaillac
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Valerie F L Yong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Tavleen K Jaggi
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Min-Min Soh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Sanjay H Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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13
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Jaat FG, Hasan SF, Perry A, Cookson S, Murali S, Perry JD, Lanyon CV, De Soyza A, Todryk SM. Anti-bacterial antibody and T cell responses in bronchiectasis are differentially associated with lung colonization and disease. Respir Res 2018; 19:106. [PMID: 29848315 PMCID: PMC5977760 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0811-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a way to determine markers of infection or disease informing disease management, and to reveal disease-associated immune mechanisms, this study sought to measure antibody and T cell responses against key lung pathogens and to relate these to patients' microbial colonization status, exacerbation history and lung function, in Bronchiectasis (BR) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). METHODS One hundred nineteen patients with stable BR, 58 with COPD and 28 healthy volunteers were recruited and spirometry was performed. Bacterial lysates were used to measure specific antibody responses by ELISA and T cells by ELIspot. Cytokine secretion by lysate-stimulated T cells was measured by multiplex cytokine assay whilst activation phenotype was measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS Typical colonization profiles were observed in BR and COPD, dominated by P.aeruginosa, H.influenzae, S.pneumoniae and M.catarrhalis. Colonization frequency was greater in BR, showing association with increased antibody responses against P.aeruginosa compared to COPD and HV, and with sensitivity of 73% and specificity of 95%. Interferon-gamma T cell responses against P.aeruginosa and S.pneumoniae were reduced in BR and COPD, whilst reactive T cells in BR had similar markers of homing and senescence compared to healthy volunteers. Exacerbation frequency in BR was associated with increased antibodies against P. aeruginosa, M.catarrhalis and S.maltophilia. T cell responses against H.influenzae showed positive correlation with FEV1% (r = 0.201, p = 0.033) and negative correlation with Bronchiectasis Severity Index (r = - 0.287, p = 0.0035). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a difference in antibody and T cell immunity in BR, with antibody being a marker of exposure and disease in BR for P.aeruginosa, M.catarrhalis and H.influenzae, and T cells a marker of reduced disease for H.influenzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathia G Jaat
- Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.,Zawia University, Zawia, Libya
| | - Sajidah F Hasan
- Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.,College of Pharmacy, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq
| | - Audrey Perry
- Department of Microbiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Sharon Cookson
- Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Santosh Murali
- Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - John D Perry
- Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.,Department of Microbiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Clare V Lanyon
- Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Anthony De Soyza
- Adult Bronchiectasis Service, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK.,Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Stephen M Todryk
- Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK. .,Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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14
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Strouvalis I, Routsi C, Adamopoulou M, Raftogiannis M, Renieris G, Orfanos SE, Kotanidou A, Sabracos L, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ. Early increase of VEGF-A is associated with resolution of ventilator-associated pneumonia: Clinical and experimental evidence. Respirology 2018; 23:942-949. [PMID: 29741298 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A in the resolution of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) was investigated in clinical and mouse pneumonia models. METHODS VEGF-A was measured for seven consecutive days by an immunosorbent assay in sera of 82 patients with VAP and changes from baseline were correlated with the resolution of VAP. Experimental animals were challenged intratracheally with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mouse bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples and segments of lung tissue were obtained at 24, 48 and 124 h after bacterial challenge. Levels of VEGF-A, tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, interferon-gamma (IFNγ) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were measured in these samples. RESULTS VAP resolved in 36.1% of patients with a less than 45% increase of VEGF-A on day 5 compared to 65.2% of patients with a more than 45% increase (P = 0.014). This was also accompanied by an earlier resolution of VAP (log-rank: 7.99; P = 0.005) and it was not pathogen-specific. The increase of VEGF-A was an independent variable associated with VAP resolution in forward logistic regression analysis where Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores were included as independent variables. VEGF-A in mouse BAL and lung tissue increased significantly at 124 h but not with the other mediators. In mice pre-treated with bevacizumab, VEGF-A concentrations decreased while TNF-α and MPO significantly increased. CONCLUSION In patients, an association between increased levels of circulating VEGF-A and VAP resolution was observed. The mouse study suggests that elevated VEGF-A levels may be associated with lung inflammation resolution. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT00297674 at www.clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Strouvalis
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Routsi
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Adamopoulou
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Technological Institution of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Raftogiannis
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Renieris
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stylianos E Orfanos
- 2nd Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Kotanidou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Labros Sabracos
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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15
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King PT. The Role of the Immune Response in the Pathogenesis of Bronchiectasis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6802637. [PMID: 29744361 PMCID: PMC5878907 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6802637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bronchiectasis is a prevalent respiratory condition characterised by permanent and abnormal dilation of the lung airways (bronchi). There are a large variety of causative factors that have been identified for bronchiectasis; all of these compromise the function of the immune response to fight infection. A triggering factor may lead to the establishment of chronic infection in the lower respiratory tract. The bacteria responsible for the lower respiratory tract infection are usually found as commensals in the upper respiratory tract microbiome. The consequent inflammatory response to infection is largely responsible for the pathology of this condition. Both innate and adaptive immune responses are activated. The literature has highlighted the central role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis. Proteases produced in the lung by the inflammatory response damage the airways and lead to the pathological dilation that is the pathognomonic feature of bronchiectasis. The small airways demonstrate infiltration with lymphoid follicles that may contribute to localised small airway obstruction. Despite aggressive treatment, most patients will have persistent disease. Manipulating the immune response in bronchiectasis may potentially have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T. King
- Monash Lung and Sleep and Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
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16
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T cell immunity to Zika virus targets immunodominant epitopes that show cross-reactivity with other Flaviviruses. Sci Rep 2018; 8:672. [PMID: 29330423 PMCID: PMC5766511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) Infection has several outcomes from asymptomatic exposure to rash, conjunctivitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome or congenital Zika syndrome. Analysis of ZIKV immunity is confounded by the fact that several related Flaviviruses infect humans, including Dengue virus 1-4, West Nile virus and Yellow Fever virus. HLA class II restricted T cell cross-reactivity between ZIKV and other Flaviviruses infection(s) or vaccination may contribute to protection or to enhanced immunopathology. We mapped immunodominant, HLA class II restricted, CD4 epitopes from ZIKV Envelope (Env), and Non-structural (NS) NS1, NS3 and NS5 antigens in HLA class II transgenic mice. In several cases, ZIKV primed CD4 cells responded to homologous sequences from other viruses, including DENV1-4, WNV or YFV. However, cross-reactive responses could confer immune deviation - the response to the Env DENV4 p1 epitope in HLA-DR1 resulted in IL-17A immunity, often associated with exacerbated immunopathogenesis. This conservation of recognition across Flaviviruses, may encompass protective and/or pathogenic components and poses challenges to characterization of ZIKV protective immunity.
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17
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Chevalier S, Bouffartigues E, Bodilis J, Maillot O, Lesouhaitier O, Feuilloley MGJ, Orange N, Dufour A, Cornelis P. Structure, function and regulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa porins. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2017; 41:698-722. [PMID: 28981745 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fux020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the γ-proteobacteria. Like other members of the Pseudomonas genus, it is known for its metabolic versatility and its ability to colonize a wide range of ecological niches, such as rhizosphere, water environments and animal hosts, including humans where it can cause severe infections. Another particularity of P. aeruginosa is its high intrinsic resistance to antiseptics and antibiotics, which is partly due to its low outer membrane permeability. In contrast to Enterobacteria, pseudomonads do not possess general diffusion porins in their outer membrane, but rather express specific channel proteins for the uptake of different nutrients. The major outer membrane 'porin', OprF, has been extensively investigated, and displays structural, adhesion and signaling functions while its role in the diffusion of nutrients is still under discussion. Other porins include OprB and OprB2 for the diffusion of glucose, the two small outer membrane proteins OprG and OprH, and the two porins involved in phosphate/pyrophosphate uptake, OprP and OprO. The remaining nineteen porins belong to the so-called OprD (Occ) family, which is further split into two subfamilies termed OccD (8 members) and OccK (11 members). In the past years, a large amount of information concerning the structure, function and regulation of these porins has been published, justifying why an updated review is timely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Chevalier
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA 4312, University of Rouen, Normandy University, 27000 Evreux, France
| | - Emeline Bouffartigues
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA 4312, University of Rouen, Normandy University, 27000 Evreux, France
| | - Josselin Bodilis
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA 4312, University of Rouen, Normandy University, 27000 Evreux, France
| | - Olivier Maillot
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA 4312, University of Rouen, Normandy University, 27000 Evreux, France
| | - Olivier Lesouhaitier
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA 4312, University of Rouen, Normandy University, 27000 Evreux, France
| | - Marc G J Feuilloley
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA 4312, University of Rouen, Normandy University, 27000 Evreux, France
| | - Nicole Orange
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA 4312, University of Rouen, Normandy University, 27000 Evreux, France
| | - Alain Dufour
- IUEM, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines EA 3884, Université de Bretagne-Sud (UEB), 56321 Lorient, France
| | - Pierre Cornelis
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA 4312, University of Rouen, Normandy University, 27000 Evreux, France
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18
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Dunachie SJ, Jenjaroen K, Reynolds CJ, Quigley KJ, Sergeant R, Sumonwiriya M, Chaichana P, Chumseng S, Ariyaprasert P, Lassaux P, Gourlay L, Promwong C, Teparrukkul P, Limmathurotsakul D, Day NPJ, Altmann DM, Boyton RJ. Infection with Burkholderia pseudomallei - immune correlates of survival in acute melioidosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12143. [PMID: 28939855 PMCID: PMC5610189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12331-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Melioidosis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, is a potentially lethal infection with no licensed vaccine. There is little understanding of why some exposed individuals have no symptoms, while others rapidly progress to sepsis and death, or why diabetes confers increased susceptibility. We prospectively recruited a cohort of 183 acute melioidosis patients and 21 control subjects from Northeast Thailand and studied immune parameters in the context of survival status and the presence or absence of diabetes. HLA-B*46 (one of the commonest HLA class I alleles in SE Asia) and HLA-C*01 were associated with an increased risk of death (odds ratio 2.8 and 3.1 respectively). Transcriptomic analysis during acute infection in diabetics indicated the importance of interplay between immune pathways including those involved in antigen presentation, chemotaxis, innate and adaptive immunity and their regulation. Survival was associated with enhanced T cell immunity to nine of fifteen immunodominant antigens analysed including AhpC (BPSL2096), BopE (BPSS1525), PilO (BPSS1599), ATP binding protein (BPSS1385) and an uncharacterised protein (BPSL2520). T cell immunity to GroEL (BPSL2697) was specifically impaired in diabetic individuals. This characterization of immunity associated with survival during acute infection offers insights into correlates of protection and a foundation for design of an effective multivalent vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna J Dunachie
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Kemajittra Jenjaroen
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Kathryn J Quigley
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruhena Sergeant
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Panjaporn Chaichana
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suchintana Chumseng
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Louise Gourlay
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Direk Limmathurotsakul
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nicholas P J Day
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel M Altmann
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary J Boyton
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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19
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Immunodeficiency and Bronchiectasis. CURRENT PULMONOLOGY REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13665-016-0156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Gao YH, Guan WJ, Liu SX, Wang L, Cui JJ, Chen RC, Zhang GJ. Aetiology of bronchiectasis in adults: A systematic literature review. Respirology 2016; 21:1376-1383. [PMID: 27321896 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
While identifying the underlying aetiology is a key part of bronchiectasis management, the prevalence and impact of identifying the aetiologies on clinical management remain unclear. We aimed to determine the etiological spectrum of bronchiectasis, and how often etiological assessment could lead to the changes in patients' management. A comprehensive search was conducted using MEDLINE (via PubMed) and EMBASE for observational studies published before October 2015 reporting aetiologies in adults with bronchiectasis. Of the 8216 citations identified, 56 studies including 8608 adults with bronchiectasis were relevant for this systematic review. The crude prevalence for the identified aetiologies ranged from 18% to 95%, which possibly resulted from the differences in the geographic regions and diagnostic workup. Post-infective (29.9%), immunodeficiency (5%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (3.9%), connective tissue disease (3.8%), ciliary dysfunction (2.5%), allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (2.6%) were the most common aetiologies. In 1577 patients (18.3%), identifying the aetiologies led to changes in patient's management. Aetiologies varied considerably among different geographic regions (P < 0.001). Intensive investigations of these aetiologies might help change patient's management and therefore should be incorporated into routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hua Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei-Jie Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Xia Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Juan-Juan Cui
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rong-Chang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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21
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Boelen L, O’Neill PK, Quigley KJ, Reynolds CJ, Maillere B, Robinson JH, Lertmemongkolchai G, Altmann DM, Boyton RJ, Asquith B. BIITE: A Tool to Determine HLA Class II Epitopes from T Cell ELISpot Data. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1004796. [PMID: 26953935 PMCID: PMC4783075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of CD4+ T cells requires the recognition of peptides that are presented by HLA class II molecules and can be assessed experimentally using the ELISpot assay. However, even given an individual's HLA class II genotype, identifying which class II molecule is responsible for a positive ELISpot response to a given peptide is not trivial. The two main difficulties are the number of HLA class II molecules that can potentially be formed in a single individual (3-14) and the lack of clear peptide binding motifs for class II molecules. Here, we present a Bayesian framework to interpret ELISpot data (BIITE: Bayesian Immunogenicity Inference Tool for ELISpot); specifically BIITE identifies which HLA-II:peptide combination(s) are immunogenic based on cohort ELISpot data. We apply BIITE to two ELISpot datasets and explore the expected performance using simulations. We show this method can reach high accuracies, depending on the cohort size and the success rate of the ELISpot assay within the cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lies Boelen
- Section of Immunology, Wright-Fleming Institute, School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Patrick K. O’Neill
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kathryn J. Quigley
- Lung Immunology Group, Section of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Hammersmith Hospital, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine J. Reynolds
- Lung Immunology Group, Section of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Hammersmith Hospital, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard Maillere
- CEA-Saclay, Institute of Biology and Technologies, SIMOPRO, Labex LERMIT, Labex VRI, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - John H. Robinson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ganjana Lertmemongkolchai
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Daniel M. Altmann
- Lung Immunology Group, Section of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Hammersmith Hospital, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary J. Boyton
- Lung Immunology Group, Section of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Hammersmith Hospital, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Sydney Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Becca Asquith
- Section of Immunology, Wright-Fleming Institute, School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Boyton RJ, Altmann DM. Bronchiectasis: Current Concepts in Pathogenesis, Immunology, and Microbiology. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2016; 11:523-54. [PMID: 26980162 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012615-044344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bronchiectasis is a disorder of persistent lung inflammation and recurrent infection, defined by a common pathological end point: irreversible bronchial dilatation arrived at through diverse etiologies. This suggests an interplay between immunogenetic susceptibility, immune dysregulation, bacterial infection, and lung damage. The damaged epithelium impairs mucus removal and facilitates bacterial infection with increased cough, sputum production, and airflow obstruction. Lung infection is caused by respiratory bacterial and fungal pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus, Aspergillus fumigatus, and nontuberculous mycobacteria. Recent studies have highlighted the relationship between the lung microbiota and microbial-pathogen niches. Disease may result from environments favoring interleukin-17-driven neutrophilia. Bronchiectasis may present in autoimmune disease, as well as conditions of immune dysregulation, such as combined variable immune deficiency, transporter associated with antigen processing-deficiency syndrome, and hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome. Differences in prevalence across geography and ethnicity implicate an etiological mix of genetics and environment underpinning susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary J Boyton
- Lung Immunology Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; .,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6NP, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel M Altmann
- Division of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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23
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Chalmers JD. Bronchiectasis in adults: epidemiology, assessment of severity and prognosis. CURRENT PULMONOLOGY REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13665-015-0120-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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