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Rosser F. Outdoor Air Pollution and Pediatric Respiratory Disease. Clin Chest Med 2024; 45:531-541. [PMID: 39069319 PMCID: PMC11286236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2024.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Outdoor air pollution is ubiquitous, and no safe level of exposure has been identified for the most common air pollutants such as ozone and particle pollution. Children are uniquely more susceptible to the harms of outdoor air pollution, which can cause and exacerbate respiratory disease. Although challenging to identify the effects of outdoor air pollution on individual patients, understanding the basics of outdoor air pollution is essential for pediatric respiratory health care providers. This review covers basic information regarding outdoor air pollution, unique considerations for children, mechanisms for increased susceptibility, and association with incident and exacerbation of respiratory disease in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Rosser
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
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2
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Zhu C, Yao M. Real-Time Monitoring of Air Pollution Health Impacts Using Breath-Borne Gaseous Biomarkers from Rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:4522-4534. [PMID: 38411076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Offline techniques are adopted for studying air pollution health impacts, thus failing to provide in situ observations. Here, we have demonstrated their real-time monitoring by online analyzing an array of gaseous biomarkers from rats' exhaled breath using an integrated exhaled breath array sensor (IEBAS) developed. The biomarkers include total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), CO2, CO, NO, H2S, H2O2, O2, and NH3. Specific breath-borne VOCs were also analyzed by a gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometer (GC-IMS). After real-life ambient air pollution exposures (2 h), the pollution levels of PM2.5 and O3 were both found to significantly affect the relative levels of multiple gaseous biomarkers in rats' breath. Eleven biomarkers, especially NO, H2S, and 1-propanol, were detected as significantly correlated with PM2.5 concentration, while heptanal was shown to be significantly correlated with O3. Likewise, significant changes were also detected in multiple breath-borne biomarkers from rats under lab-controlled O3 exposures with levels of 150, 300, and 1000 μg/m3 (2 h), compared to synthetic air exposure. Importantly, heptanal was experimentally confirmed as a reliable biomarker for O3 exposure, with a notable dose-response relationship. In contrast, conventional biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in rat sera exhibited insignificant differences after the 2 h exposures. The results imply that breath-borne gaseous biomarkers can serve as an early and sensitive indicator for ambient pollutant exposure. This work pioneered a new research paradigm for online monitoring of air pollution health impacts while obtaining important candidate biomarker information for PM2.5 and O3 exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Zhu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Maosheng Yao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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3
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Peden DB. Respiratory Health Effects of Air Pollutants. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2024; 44:15-33. [PMID: 37973257 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a risk factor for asthma and respiratory infection. Avoidance of air pollution is the best approach to mitigating the impacts of pollution. Personal preventive strategies are possible, but policy interventions are the most effective ways to prevent pollution and its effect on asthma and respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Peden
- Division of Pediatric Allergy & Immunology and, Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, The School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, UNC School of Medicine, 104 Mason Farm Road, CB#7310, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7310, USA.
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4
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Reuter S, Raspe J, Taube C. Microbes little helpers and suppliers for therapeutic asthma approaches. Respir Res 2024; 25:29. [PMID: 38218816 PMCID: PMC10787474 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is a prevalent and increasingly chronic inflammatory lung disease affecting over 300 million people globally. Initially considered an allergic disorder driven by mast cells and eosinophils, asthma is now recognized as a complex syndrome with various clinical phenotypes and immunological endotypes. These encompass type 2 inflammatory endotypes characterized by interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 dominance, alongside others featuring mixed or non-eosinophilic inflammation. Therapeutic success varies significantly based on asthma phenotypes, with inhaled corticosteroids and beta-2 agonists effective for milder forms, but limited in severe cases. Novel antibody-based therapies have shown promise, primarily for severe allergic and type 2-high asthma. To address this gap, novel treatment strategies are essential for better control of asthma pathology, prevention, and exacerbation reduction. One promising approach involves stimulating endogenous anti-inflammatory responses through regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs play a vital role in maintaining immune homeostasis, preventing autoimmunity, and mitigating excessive inflammation after pathogenic encounters. Tregs have demonstrated their ability to control both type 2-high and type 2-low inflammation in murine models and dampen human cell-dependent allergic airway inflammation. Furthermore, microbes, typically associated with disease development, have shown immune-dampening properties that could be harnessed for therapeutic benefits. Both commensal microbiota and pathogenic microbes have demonstrated potential in bacterial-host interactions for therapeutic purposes. This review explores microbe-associated approaches as potential treatments for inflammatory diseases, shedding light on current and future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Reuter
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, Tüschener Weg 40, 45239, Essen, Germany.
| | - Jonas Raspe
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, Tüschener Weg 40, 45239, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, Tüschener Weg 40, 45239, Essen, Germany
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Howard A, Mansour A, Warren-Myers G, Jensen C, Bentley R. Housing typologies and asthma: a scoping review. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1766. [PMID: 37697282 PMCID: PMC10494403 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16594-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is related to triggers within the home. Although it is recognised that triggers likely occur due to characteristics of housing, these characteristics have not been comprehensively reviewed, and there is a paucity of housing-focused interventions to reduce asthma and asthma symptoms. Following five steps identified by Arksey and O'Malley, we conducted a scoping review of published evidence on the associations between asthma and housing characteristics. We searched three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science), identifying 33 studies that met our inclusion criteria. Through an iterative approach, we identified nine housing characteristics relevant to asthma onset or exacerbation, categorised as relating to the surrounding environment (location), the house itself (dwelling), or to conditions inside the home (occupancy). We conceptualise these three levels through a housing typologies framework. This facilitates the mapping of housing characteristics, and visualises how they can cluster and overlap to exacerbate asthma or asthma symptoms. Of the three levels in our framework, associations between asthma and locational features were evidenced most clearly in the literature reviewed. Within this category, environmental pollutants (and particularly air pollutants) were identified as a potentially important risk factor for asthma. Studies concerning associations between dwelling features and occupancy features and asthma reported inconsistent results, highlighting the need for greater research in these areas. Interpreting housing-related asthma triggers through this framework paves the way for the identification and targeting of typologies of housing that might adversely affect asthma, thus addressing multiple characteristics in tandem rather than as isolated elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Howard
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Adelle Mansour
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Christopher Jensen
- Melbourne School of Design, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Bentley
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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6
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Woodward SM, Mork D, Wu X, Hou Z, Braun D, Dominici F. Combining aggregate and individual-level data to estimate individual-level associations between air pollution and COVID-19 mortality in the United States. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0002178. [PMID: 37531330 PMCID: PMC10395946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Imposing stricter regulations for PM2.5 has the potential to mitigate damaging health and climate change effects. Recent evidence establishing a link between exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 outcomes is one of many arguments for the need to reduce the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for PM2.5. However, many studies reporting a relationship between COVID-19 outcomes and PM2.5 have been criticized because they are based on ecological regression analyses, where area-level counts of COVID-19 outcomes are regressed on area-level exposure to air pollution and other covariates. It is well known that regression models solely based on area-level data are subject to ecological bias, i.e., they may provide a biased estimate of the association at the individual-level, due to within-area variability of the data. In this paper, we augment county-level COVID-19 mortality data with a nationally representative sample of individual-level covariate information from the American Community Survey along with high-resolution estimates of PM2.5 concentrations obtained from a validated model and aggregated to the census tract for the contiguous United States. We apply a Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach to combine county-, census tract-, and individual-level data to ultimately draw inference about individual-level associations between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and mortality for COVID-19. By analyzing data prior to the Emergency Use Authorization for the COVID-19 vaccines we found that an increase of 1 μg/m3 in long-term PM2.5 exposure, averaged over the 17-year period 2000-2016, is associated with a 3.3% (95% credible interval, 2.8 to 3.8%) increase in an individual's odds of COVID-19 mortality. Code to reproduce our study is publicly available at https://github.com/NSAPH/PM_COVID_ecoinference. The results confirm previous evidence of an association between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and COVID-19 mortality and strengthen the case for tighter regulations on harmful air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie M. Woodward
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniel Mork
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Zhewen Hou
- Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Danielle Braun
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Francesca Dominici
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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7
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Rivas-Arancibia S, Miranda-Martínez A, Rodríguez-Martínez E, Hernández-Orozco E, Valdés-Fuentes M, De la Rosa-Sierra R. Ozone Environmental Pollution: Relationship between the Intestine and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1323. [PMID: 37507863 PMCID: PMC10376557 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Repeated exposure to environmental ozone causes a chronic state of oxidative stress. This state is present in chronic degenerative diseases and induces a loss of control of the inflammatory response. Redox system dysfunction and failures in control of inflammatory responses are involved in a vicious circle that maintains and increases the degenerative process. The intestine also responds to secondary reactive species formed by exposure to ozone doses, generating noxious stimuli that increase degenerative damage. This review aims to elucidate how environmental pollution, mainly by ozone, induces a state of chronic oxidative stress with the loss of regulation of the inflammatory response, both in the intestine and in the brain, where the functionality of both structures is altered and plays a determining role in some neurodegenerative and chronic degenerative diseases. For this purpose, we searched for information on sites such as the Cochrane Library Database, PubMed, Scopus, and Medscape. Reviewing the data published, we can conclude that environmental pollutants are a severe health problem. Ozone pollution has different pathways of action, both molecular and systemic, and participates in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease as well in bowel diseases as Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Crohn's Disease, and Irritable Bowel Syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selva Rivas-Arancibia
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Miranda-Martínez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Erika Rodríguez-Martínez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Hernández-Orozco
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Marlen Valdés-Fuentes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Roberto De la Rosa-Sierra
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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Rosser F, Balmes J. Ozone and childhood respiratory health: A primer for US pediatric providers and a call for a more protective standard. Pediatr Pulmonol 2023; 58:1355-1366. [PMID: 36815617 PMCID: PMC10121852 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Ground level ozone is a potent respiratory toxicant with decades of accumulated data demonstrating respiratory harms to children. Despite the ubiquity of ozone in the United States, impacting both urban and rural communities, the associated harms of exposure to this important air pollutant are often infrequently or inadequately covered during medical training including pulmonary specialization. Thus, many providers caring for children's respiratory health may have limited knowledge of the harms which may result in reduced discussion of ozone pollution during clinical encounters. Further, the current US air quality standard for ozone does not adequately protect children. In this nonsystematic review, we present basic background information for healthcare providers caring for children's respiratory health, review the US process for setting air quality standards, discuss the respiratory harms of ozone for healthy children and those with underlying respiratory disease, highlight the urgent need for a more protective ozone standard to adequately protect children's respiratory health, review impacts of climate change on ozone levels, and provide information for discussion in clinical encounters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Rosser
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - John Balmes
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
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9
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Lu X, Gong C, Lv K, Zheng L, Li B, Zhao Y, Lu H, Wei T, Huang J, Li R. Impacts of combined exposure to formaldehyde and PM 2.5 at ambient concentrations on airway inflammation in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 315:120234. [PMID: 36195197 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a respiratory disease that can be exacerbated by certain environmental factors. Both formaldehyde (FA) and PM2.5, the most common indoor and outdoor air pollutants in mainland China, are closely associated with the onset and development of asthma. To date, however, there is very little report available on whether there is an exacerbating effect of combined exposure to FA and PM2.5 at ambient concentrations. In this study, asthmatic mice were exposed to 1 mg/m3 FA, 1 mg/kg PM2.5, or a combination of 0.5 mg/m3 FA and 0.5 mg/kg PM2.5, respectively. Results demonstrated that both levels of oxidative stress and inflammation were significantly increased, accompanied by an obvious decline in lung function. Further, the initial activation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB that intensified the immune imbalance of asthmatic mice were found to be visibly mitigated following the administration of SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor. Noteworthily, it was found that combined exposure to the two at ambient concentrations could significantly worsen asthma than exposure to each of the two alone at twice the ambient concentration. This suggests that combined exposure to formaldehyde and PM2.5 at ambient concentrations may have a synergistic effect, thus causing more severe damage in asthmatic mice. In general, this work has revealed that the combined exposure to FA and PM2.5 at ambient concentrations can synergistically aggravate asthma via the p38 MAPK pathway in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxian Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China; Department of Materials and Architectural Engineering, Hebei Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Technology, Xingtai, 054002, China
| | - Cunyi Gong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Ke Lv
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Lifang Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Beibei Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yuanteng Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Haonan Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Tingting Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Jiawei Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Rui Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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Lou C, Bai Y, Chai T, Yu H, Lin T, Hu G, Guan Y, Wu B. Research progress on distribution and exposure risk of microbial aerosols in animal houses. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1015238. [PMID: 36439349 PMCID: PMC9684608 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1015238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental aerosols in animal houses are closely related to the productive performance and health level of animals living in the houses. Preferable housing environments can improve animal welfare and production efficiency, so it is necessary to monitor and study these environments. In recent years, there have been many large-scale outbreaks of respiratory diseases related to biological aerosols, especially the novel coronavirus that has been sweeping the world. This has attracted much attention to the mode of aerosol transmission. With the rapid development of large-scale and intensive breeding, microbial aerosols have gradually become the main factor of environmental pollution in animal houses. They not only lead to a large-scale outbreak of infectious diseases, but they also have a certain impact on the health of animals and employees in the houses and increase the difficulty of prevention and control of animal-borne diseases. This paper reviews the distribution, harm, and control measures of microbial aerosols in animal house environments in order to improve people's understanding of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Lou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Tongjie Chai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Animal Disease of Shandong Province, Tai'an, China
- Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, Tai'an, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Tuorong Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Guangming Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yuling Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Wu
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Connor EM, Zablotsky B. The association between air pollution and childhood asthma: United States, 2010-2015. J Asthma 2022; 59:2069-2080. [PMID: 34587862 PMCID: PMC9148369 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2021.1988105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current population-based study examines the association between county-level ambient air pollution and childhood asthma. METHODS Data from the nationally representative 2010-2015 National Health Interview Survey were linked to nationwide fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution data at the county-level from the National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network which utilizes air quality monitoring stations and modeled PM2.5 measurements (Downscaler model data) and adjusted by county-level socioeconomic characteristics data from the 2010-2015 American Community Survey. Multilevel modeling techniques were used to assess the association between PM2.5 annual concentrations (quartiles < 8.11, 8.11-9.50, 9.51-10.59, ≥ 10.60 µg/m3) and current childhood asthma along with two asthma outcomes (episode in the past year, emergency room (ER) visit due to asthma). RESULTS From 2010 to 2015, there were significant declines in PM2.5 concentrations and asthma outcomes. In unadjusted models, children living in areas with higher PM2.5 concentrations were more likely to have current asthma, ≥1 asthma episode in the past year, and ≥1 ER visit due to asthma compared with children living in areas with the lowest quartile (< 8.11 µg/m3). After adjusting for characteristics at the county, geographic, and child and family-level, significant associations remained for asthma episode, and ER visit among children living in areas with PM2.5 annual concentrations between 9.51 and 10.59 µg/m3 (3rd quartile) compared with children living in areas with the lowest quartile. CONCLUSIONS This study adds to the limited literature by incorporating nationally representative county-, child-, and family-level data to provide a multi-level analysis of the associations between air pollution and childhood asthma in the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Connor
- National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin Zablotsky
- National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD, USA
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12
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Harada K, Miller RL. Environmental exposures: evolving evidence for their roles in adult allergic disorders. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 22:24-28. [PMID: 34723869 PMCID: PMC8702460 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allergic disorders are the result of complex interactions between genetic predisposition and environmental exposures. Elucidating how specific environmental exposures contribute to allergic diseases in adults is crucial, especially as the world population ages in a rapidly changing environment. RECENT FINDINGS The effects of environmental exposures on allergic diseases remain understudied in adults. Although epidemiological studies suggest various environmental exposures are associated with the development and exacerbation of allergic diseases, further longitudinal studies are needed across various age groups in adults to pinpoint the exposures of concerns and the time windows of susceptibility. Mechanistic studies in adults are few. A multicomponent strategy targeting several allergens has been conditionally recommended for asthma, but recent findings on mitigation strategies remain limited. SUMMARY Further research on how environmental exposures cause and exacerbate allergic disorders is needed in adults, particularly across disease phenotypes. The effects of mitigation strategies against environmentally induced adult allergic diseases remain large research gaps. A better understanding of how and which environmental exposures contribute to allergic disorders is necessary to identify patients who are at higher risk and would benefit from specific interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Harada
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Rachel L. Miller
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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13
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Erratum: Synergistic Association of House Endotoxin Exposure and Ambient Air Pollution with Asthma Outcomes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 205:372. [PMID: 35103574 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.v205erratum1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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14
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Air Quality Index and Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations for Childhood Asthma. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2022; 19:1139-1148. [DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202105-539oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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15
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Pan M, Li S, Tu R, Li R, Liu X, Chen R, Yu S, Mao Z, Huo W, Yin S, Hu K, Bo Chen G, Guo Y, Hou J, Wang C. Associations of solid fuel use and ambient air pollution with estimated 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 157:106865. [PMID: 34509046 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although exposure to ambient air pollution (AAP) increases the risk for arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), evidence on the association of solid fuel use with ASCVD and its association modified by ambient air pollution remains limited. METHODS A total of 16,779 adults were derived from the Henan Rural Cohort Study. Concentrations of ambient air pollutants (PM1, PM2.5, PM10, and NO2) were estimated by a spatiotemporal model based on satellites data. Solid fuel use was assessed by a self-reported questionnaire. The associations of solid fuel use with high 10-year ASCVD risk and the modified association by exposure to air pollutants were explored using logistic regression models. RESULTS There were positive associations of AAP exposure with high 10-year ASCVD risk among individuals with self-cooking. The joint associations between high AAP exposures and solid fuel use with high 10-year ASCVD risk were found. Compared to clean fuel user with low PM2.5 exposure, the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of high 10-year ASCVD risk was 1.25 (1.09, 1.42) for solid fuel user with low PM2.5 exposure, 1.93 (1.75, 2.12) for clean fuel user with high PM2.5 exposure, and 3.08 (2.67, 3.54) for solid fuel user with high PM2.5 exposure, respectively. Their additive effect on high 10-year ASCVD risk was observed (relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI): 0.90 (95 %CI: 0.50, 1.30), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP): 0.29 (95 %CI: 0.19, 0.40), and synergy index (SI): 1.77 (95 %CI: 1.38, 2.26)). CONCLUSION This study showed a synergistic effect of AAP and household air pollution reflected by solid fuel use on high 10-year ASCVD risk, suggesting that reducing solid cooking fuels and controlling air pollution may have a joint effect on public health improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Runqi Tu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Ruiying Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Xiaotian Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Ruoling Chen
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Songcheng Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Zhenxing Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Wenqian Huo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Department of Health Policy Research, Henan Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Health Policy Research, Henan Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gong Bo Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China.
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16
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Feo-Brito F, Alfaya Arias T, Amo-Salas M, Somoza Álvarez ML, Haroun Díaz E, Mayorga Mayorga C, Fernández Santamaría R, Urra Ardanaz JM. Clinical impact and immunological alterations in asthmatic patients allergic to grass pollen subjected to high urban pollution in Madrid. Clin Exp Allergy 2021; 52:530-539. [PMID: 34741765 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of asthma has increased in recent decades. Among the reasons for this increase is environmental pollution. Pollutants cause bronchial inflammation and introduce modifications in the pollen, making it more allergenic. OBJECTIVE Assess symptoms and medication requirements of asthmatic patients with grass allergies in Madrid (high urban pollution) and Ciudad Real (low pollution), and simultaneously evaluate the in vitro effects that pollen collected in both areas has on the immune cells of patients. METHODS During two pollen seasons, patients from both cities were included. The patients recorded their symptoms and the asthma medication they took daily. In both cities, pollen data, pollutants and meteorological variables were evaluated. The response to different cell populations from patients in both areas were analysed after "in vitro" stimulation with pollen from both cities. RESULTS The symptoms and medication use of the patients in Madrid was 29.94% higher. The NO2 concentration in Madrid was triple that of Ciudad Real (33.4 vs. 9.1 µg/m3 of air). All other pollutants had very similar concentrations during the study period. Pollen from the high pollution area caused a significant enhancement of T-CD8+ and NK cells proliferation compared with pollen of low pollution area, independently of the patient's origin. CONCLUSION Asthmatic patients from Madrid have a worse clinical evolution than those from Ciudad Real because of higher levels of urban pollution, and this could be driven by the higher capacity of pollen of Madrid to activate T-CD8+ and NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Feo-Brito
- Allergy, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | - Mariano Amo-Salas
- Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha (UCLM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Rubén Fernández Santamaría
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain.,Allergy Clinical Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - José Miguel Urra Ardanaz
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Ciudad Real, Spain.,Immunology, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
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17
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Riederer AM, Krenz JE, Tchong-French MI, Torres E, Perez A, Younglove LR, Jansen KL, Hardie DC, Farquhar SA, Sampson PD, Metwali N, Thorne PS, Karr CJ. Effectiveness of portable HEPA air cleaners on reducing indoor endotoxin, PM 10, and coarse particulate matter in an agricultural cohort of children with asthma: A randomized intervention trial. INDOOR AIR 2021; 31:1926-1939. [PMID: 34288127 PMCID: PMC8577577 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a randomized trial of portable HEPA air cleaners in the homes of children age 6-12 years with asthma in the Yakima Valley, Washington. All families received asthma education while intervention families also received two HEPA cleaners (child's bedroom, living room). We collected 14-day integrated samples of endotoxin in settled dust and PM10 and PM10-2.5 in the air of the children's bedrooms at baseline and one-year follow-up, and used linear regression to compare follow-up levels, adjusting for baseline. Seventy-one families (36 HEPA, 35 control) completed the study. Baseline geometric mean (GSD) endotoxin loadings were 1565 (6.3) EU/m2 and 2110 (4.9) EU/m2 , respectively, in HEPA vs. control homes while PM10 and PM10-2.5 were 22.5 (1.9) μg/m3 and 9.5 (2.9) μg/m3 , respectively, in HEPA homes, and 19.8 (1.8) μg/m3 and 7.7 (2.0) μg/m3 , respectively, in control homes. At follow-up, HEPA families had 46% lower (95% CI, 31%-57%) PM10 on average than control families, consistent with prior studies. In the best-fit heterogeneous slopes model, HEPA families had 49% (95% CI, 6%-110%) and 89% lower (95% CI, 28%-177%) PM10-2.5 at follow-up, respectively, at 50th and 75th percentile baseline concentrations. Endotoxin loadings did not differ significantly at follow-up (4% lower, HEPA homes; 95% CI, -87% to 50%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Riederer
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Krenz
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maria I. Tchong-French
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Torres
- Northwest Communities Education Center, Radio KDNA, Granger, WA, USA
| | - Adriana Perez
- Yakima Valley Farm Workers Clinic, Toppenish, WA, USA
| | - Lisa R. Younglove
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karen L. Jansen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David C. Hardie
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Farquhar
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul D. Sampson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nervana Metwali
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Peter S. Thorne
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Catherine J. Karr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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18
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Mendy A, Wu X, Keller JL, Fassler CS, Apewokin S, Mersha TB, Xie C, Pinney SM. Air pollution and the pandemic: Long-term PM 2.5 exposure and disease severity in COVID-19 patients. Respirology 2021; 26:1181-1187. [PMID: 34459069 PMCID: PMC8662216 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective Ecological studies have suggested an association between exposure to particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) severity. However, these findings are yet to be validated in individual‐level studies. We aimed to determine the association of long‐term PM2.5 exposure with hospitalization among individual patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Methods We estimated the 10‐year (2009–2018) PM2.5 exposure at the residential zip code of COVID‐19 patients diagnosed at the University of Cincinnati healthcare system between 13 March 2020 and 30 September 2020. Logistic regression was used to determine the odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI for COVID‐19 hospitalizations associated with PM2.5, adjusting for socioeconomic characteristics and comorbidities. Results Among the 14,783 COVID‐19 patients included in our study, 13.6% were hospitalized; the geometric mean (SD) PM2.5 was 10.48 (1.12) μg/m3. In adjusted analysis, 1 μg/m3 increase in 10‐year annual average PM2.5 was associated with 18% higher hospitalization (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.11–1.26). Likewise, 1 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 estimated for the year 2018 was associated with 14% higher hospitalization (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.08–1.21). Conclusion Long‐term PM2.5 exposure is associated with increased hospitalization in COVID‐19. Therefore, more stringent COVID‐19 prevention measures may be needed in areas with higher PM2.5 exposure to reduce the disease morbidity and healthcare burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelico Mendy
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason L Keller
- Center for Health Informatics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Cecily S Fassler
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Senu Apewokin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Tesfaye B Mersha
- Division of Asthma Research, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Changchun Xie
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Susan M Pinney
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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19
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Thorne PS. Environmental endotoxin exposure and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:61-63. [PMID: 34000345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Thorne
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa.
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20
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Mendy A, Wu X, Keller JL, Fassler CS, Apewokin S, Mersha TB, Xie C, Pinney SM. Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter and hospitalization in COVID-19 patients. Respir Med 2021; 178:106313. [PMID: 33550152 PMCID: PMC7835077 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ecological evidence suggests that exposure to air pollution affects coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. However, no individual-level study has confirmed the association to date. METHODS We identified COVID-19 patients diagnosed at the University of Cincinnati hospitals and clinics and estimated particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) exposure over a 10-year period (2008-2017) at their residential zip codes. We used logistic regression to evaluate the association between PM2.5 exposure and hospitalizations for COVID-19, adjusting for socioeconomic characteristics and comorbidities. RESULTS Among the 1128 patients included in our study, the mean (standard deviation) PM2.5 was 11.34 (0.70) μg/m3 for the 10-year average exposure and 13.83 (1.03) μg/m3 for the 10-year maximal exposures. The association between long-term PM2.5 exposure and hospitalization for COVID-19 was contingent upon having pre-existing asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary (COPD) (Pinteraction = 0.030 for average PM2.5 and Pinteraction = 0.001 for maximal PM2.5). In COVID-19 patients with asthma or COPD, the odds of hospitalization were 62% higher with 1 μg/m3 increment in 10-year average PM2.5 (odds ratio [OR]: 1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00-2.64) and 65% higher with 1 μg/m3 increase in 10-year maximal PM2.5 levels (OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.16-2.35). However, among COVID-19 patients without asthma or COPD, PM2.5 exposure was not associated with higher hospitalizations (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.65-1.09 for average PM2.5 and OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.65-0.95 for maximal PM2.5). CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to PM2.5 is associated with higher odds of hospitalization in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing asthma or COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelico Mendy
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason L Keller
- Center for Health Informatics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Cecily S Fassler
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Senu Apewokin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tesfaye B Mersha
- Division of Asthma Research, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Changchun Xie
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Susan M Pinney
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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21
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Indoor Microbial Exposures and Chronic Lung Disease: From Microbial Toxins to the Microbiome. Clin Chest Med 2021; 41:777-796. [PMID: 33153695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Effects of environmental microbial exposures on human health have long been of interest. Microbes were historically assumed to be harmful, but data have suggested that microbial exposures can modulate the immune system. We focus on the effects of indoor environmental microbial exposure on chronic lung diseases. We found contradictory data in bacterial studies using endotoxin as a surrogate for bacterial exposure. Contradictory data also exist in studies of fungal exposure. Many factors may modulate the effect of environmental microbial exposures on lung health, including coexposures. Future studies need to clarify which method of assessing environmental microbial exposures is most relevant.
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22
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A Systematic Review of Air Quality Sensors, Guidelines, and Measurement Studies for Indoor Air Quality Management. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12219045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The existence of indoor air pollutants—such as ozone, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, and total volatile organic compounds—is evidently a critical issue for human health. Over the past decade, various international agencies have continually refined and updated the quantitative air quality guidelines and standards in order to meet the requirements for indoor air quality management. This paper first provides a systematic review of the existing air quality guidelines and standards implemented by different agencies, which include the Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS); the World Health Organization (WHO); the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA); the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH); the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE); the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH); and the California ambient air quality standards (CAAQS). It then adds to this by providing a state-of-art review of the existing low-cost air quality sensor (LCAQS) technologies, and analyzes the corresponding specifications, such as the typical detection range, measurement tolerance or repeatability, data resolution, response time, supply current, and market price. Finally, it briefly reviews a sequence (array) of field measurement studies, which focuses on the technical measurement characteristics and their data analysis approaches.
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23
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Yang WL, Chen SY, Ho CY, Yen GC. Citrus flavonoids suppress IL-5 and ROS through distinct pathways in PMA/ionomycin-induced EL-4 cells. Food Funct 2020; 11:824-833. [PMID: 31932824 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02815c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-5 (IL-5) strongly initiates the asthmatic inflammatory response, which affects 300 million patients with asthma annually worldwide, through oxidative stress generation. Citrus flavonoids have beneficial properties, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, but the precise molecular mechanism of the inhibition of the asthmatic inflammatory response is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of ROS and IL-5 reduction with citrus flavonoid treatment in PMA/ionomycin-induced EL-4 cells. Our results showed that hesperetin and gardenin A dramatically suppressed ROS and IL-5 production through distinct pathways. Interestingly, hesperidin induced HO-1 expression through the transcription factor Nrf2 coupled with the PI3K/AKT or ERK/JNK signaling pathway, consequently downregulating NFAT activity and IL-5 secretion. Likewise, gardenin A induced HO-1 expression and subsequently suppressed IL-5 production by reducing NFAT activity and upregulating PPARγ in EL-4 cells, suggesting that inducing HO-1 expression may inhibit asthmatic inflammation. Altogether, hesperidin and gardenin A have great potential for regulating the asthma-associated immune responses through antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ling Yang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
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24
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Liebers V, Brüning T, Raulf M. Occupational endotoxin exposure and health effects. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3629-3644. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02905-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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25
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Rosser F, Han YY, Forno E, Acosta-Pérez E, Canino G, Celedón JC. Indoor endotoxin, proximity to a major roadway, and severe asthma exacerbations among children in Puerto Rico. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020; 125:658-664.e2. [PMID: 32911057 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined concurrent exposure to household endotoxin and traffic-related air pollution in relation to childhood asthma, yet both factors are associated with asthma outcomes. OBJECTIVE To examine whether proximity to a major roadway (a traffic-related air pollution proxy) modifies the estimated effects of indoor endotoxin on asthma outcomes in children. METHODS Cross-sectional study of 200 children with asthma (ages, 6-14 years) living in Puerto Rico. Residential distance to a major roadway was calculated as the distance from the participant's residential US census block centroid to the nearest major road. The outcomes of interest were severe asthma exacerbations, missed school days for asthma, atopy, lung function, and bronchodilator response (BDR). Logistic, linear, or negative binomial regression was used for the multivariable analysis. RESULTS In the multivariable analysis, there was an interaction between indoor endotoxin and residential distance to a roadway on severe asthma exacerbations (P = .02) and BDR (P = .07). In an analysis stratified by distance to a roadway, each log10-unit increase in endotoxin was associated with 4.21 times increased odds of severe asthma exacerbations among children living within 499 m (the lower 3 quartiles of residential distance) to a road (95% confidence interval, 1.5-12.0). Among subjects living further than 499 m away from a roadway, each log10-unit increase in endotoxin was associated with reduced odds of severe asthma exacerbations (odds ratio, 0.03; 95% confidence interval, 0.001-0.67). Similar but less substantial findings were observed for BDR. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that residential proximity to a major road modifies the estimated effect of endotoxin on severe asthma exacerbations in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Rosser
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yueh-Ying Han
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Erick Forno
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Edna Acosta-Pérez
- Department of Pediatrics, Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Glorisa Canino
- Department of Pediatrics, Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Juan C Celedón
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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26
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Saglani S, Wisnivesky JP, Charokopos A, Pascoe CD, Halayko AJ, Custovic A. Update in Asthma 2019. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202:184-192. [PMID: 32338992 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202003-0596up] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sejal Saglani
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juan P Wisnivesky
- Division of General Internal Medicine and.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Antonios Charokopos
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Christopher D Pascoe
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and.,Biology of Breathing Group, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Andrew J Halayko
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and.,Biology of Breathing Group, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Adnan Custovic
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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27
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Tiotiu AI, Novakova P, Nedeva D, Chong-Neto HJ, Novakova S, Steiropoulos P, Kowal K. Impact of Air Pollution on Asthma Outcomes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176212. [PMID: 32867076 PMCID: PMC7503605 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by variable airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and airway inflammation. Evidence suggests that air pollution has a negative impact on asthma outcomes in both adult and pediatric populations. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the effect of various outdoor and indoor pollutants on asthma outcomes, their burden on its management, as well as to highlight the measures that could result in improved asthma outcomes. Traffic-related air pollution, nitrogen dioxide and second-hand smoking (SHS) exposures represent significant risk factors for asthma development in children. Nevertheless, a causal relation between air pollution and development of adult asthma is not clearly established. Exposure to outdoor pollutants can induce asthma symptoms, exacerbations and decreases in lung function. Active tobacco smoking is associated with poorer asthma control, while exposure to SHS increases the risk of asthma exacerbations, respiratory symptoms and healthcare utilization. Other indoor pollutants such as heating sources and molds can also negatively impact the course of asthma. Global measures, that aim to reduce exposure to air pollutants, are highly needed in order to improve the outcomes and management of adult and pediatric asthma in addition to the existing guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica I. Tiotiu
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Nancy, 54395 Nancy, France
- Development of Adaptation and Disadvantage, Cardiorespiratory Regulations and Motor Control (EA 3450 DevAH), University of Lorraine, 54395 Nancy, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-383-154-299
| | - Plamena Novakova
- Clinic of Clinical Allergy, Medical University, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | | | - Herberto Jose Chong-Neto
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80000-000, Brazil;
| | - Silviya Novakova
- Allergy Unit, Internal Consulting Department, University Hospital “St. George”, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Paschalis Steiropoulos
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Krzysztof Kowal
- Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-037 Bialystok, Poland;
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28
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Mendy A, Wilkerson J, Salo PM, Zeldin DC, Thorne PS. Endotoxin clustering with allergens in house dust and asthma outcomes in a U.S. national study. Environ Health 2020; 19:35. [PMID: 32178682 PMCID: PMC7077112 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00585-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endotoxin is ubiquitous in the environment, but its clustering with indoor allergens is not well characterized. This study examined the clustering patterns of endotoxin with allergens in house dust and their association with asthma outcomes. METHODS We analyzed data from 6963 participants of the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. House dust sampled from bedroom floor and bedding was evaluated for endotoxin and allergens from fungi, cockroach, dog, cat, mites, and rodents. Two-step cluster analysis and logistic regressions were performed to identify the clustering patterns and their associations with current asthma and wheeze in the past 12 months, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS Of the homes, 17.8% had low endotoxin and allergen levels in house dust (Cluster 1). High endotoxin level clustered with Alternaria and pet allergens in the homes of participants with a high socioeconomic status who own pets (Cluster 2) (48.9%). High endotoxin clustered with Aspergillus, dust mites, cockroach, and rodent allergens in the homes of participants with low socioeconomic status (Cluster 3) (33.3%). Compared to Cluster 1, Cluster 2 was associated with higher asthma prevalence (OR 1.42, 95% CI: 1.06-1.91) and wheeze (OR 1.32, 95% CI: 1.07-1.63). Cluster 3 was positively associated with wheeze only in participants sensitized to inhalant allergens (OR 1.42, 95% CI: 1.06-1.91) or exposed to tobacco smoke (OR 1.72, 95% CI: 1.15-2.60). CONCLUSIONS The clustering of endotoxin with allergens in dust from homes with pets or of people with low socioeconomic status is associated with asthma and wheeze.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelico Mendy
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Pӓivi M Salo
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peter S Thorne
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
- University of Iowa College of Public Health, 100 CPHB, S341A, 145 N Riverside Dr, Iowa City, IA, 52242-2207, USA.
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29
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Abramson MJ, Guo Y. Indoor Endotoxin Exposure and Ambient Air Pollutants Interact on Asthma Outcomes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 200:652-654. [PMID: 31063402 PMCID: PMC6775880 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201904-0842ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Abramson
- School of Public Health & Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourne, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- School of Public Health & Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourne, Australia
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30
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Peden DB. The "envirome" and what the practitioner needs to know about it. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019; 123:542-549. [PMID: 31560947 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review on the "envirome" focuses on pollution, microbial, and social stressor elements of the environment that may impact development or expression of allergic diseases. DATA SOURCES Peer-reviewed publications on the impact of environmental factors indexed in PubMed were the primary data source for this review. STUDY SELECTIONS The primary search strategy for this review employed cross-referencing asthma, atopic dermatitis, and immunoglobulin E (IgE) against pollution (ozone, particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, tobacco smoke), microbial exposures (farm exposure, microbiome, infection, antibiotic use) and psychosocial stressors, with emphasis on results in the past 5 years, with inclusion of key seminal articles or comprehensive reviews. RESULTS Air pollution is a clear cause of allergic disease exacerbation, with increasing recognition that pollutant exposure increases risk of allergic disease. Microbial exposures and maternal and child stress also modulate development and expression of allergic disease. Early life exposures are especially critical periods during which all of these factors have notable impacts on allergic disease. CONCLUSION Nonallergenic environmental factors are important modulators and adjuvants for development of allergic disease, with early life exposures being especially important. Development and validation of interventions directed toward these factors during early life is a significant opportunity for primary prevention of allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Peden
- The Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, the School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
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31
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Mumby S, Chung KF, Adcock IM. Transcriptional Effects of Ozone and Impact on Airway Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1610. [PMID: 31354743 PMCID: PMC6635463 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and challenge studies in healthy subjects and in individuals with asthma highlight the health impact of environmental ozone even at levels considered safe. Acute ozone exposure in man results in sputum neutrophilia in 30% of subjects particularly young children, females, and those with ongoing cardiopulmonary disease. This may be associated with systemic inflammation although not in all cases. Chronic exposure amplifies these effects and can result in the formation of asthma-like symptoms and immunopathology. Asthmatic patients who respond to ozone (responders) induce a greater number of genes in bronchoalveolar (BAL) macrophages than healthy responders with up-regulation of inflammatory and immune pathways under the control of cytokines and chemokines and the enhanced expression of remodeling and repair programmes including those associated with protease imbalances and cell-cell adhesion. These pathways are under the control of several key transcription regulatory factors including nuclear factor (NF)-κB, anti-oxidant factors such as nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 NRF2, the p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), and priming of the immune system by up-regulating toll-like receptor (TLR) expression. Murine and cellular models of acute and chronic ozone exposure recapitulate the inflammatory effects seen in humans and enable the elucidation of key transcriptional pathways. These studies emphasize the importance of distinct transcriptional networks in driving the detrimental effects of ozone. Studies indicate the critical role of mediators including IL-1, IL-17, and IL-33 in driving ozone effects on airway inflammation, remodeling and hyperresponsiveness. Transcription analysis and proof of mechanisms studies will enable the development of drugs to ameliorate the effects of ozone exposure in susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Mumby
- Respiratory Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Respiratory Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Respiratory Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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