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Zhang Z, Huang L, Brayboy L, Birrer M. Single-cell analysis of ovarian myeloid cells identifies aging associated changes in macrophages and signaling dynamics. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.13.598667. [PMID: 38915572 PMCID: PMC11195259 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.13.598667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The aging of mammalian ovary is accompanied by an increase in tissue fibrosis and heightened inflammation. Myeloid cells, including macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, and neutrophils, play pivotal roles in shaping the ovarian tissue microenvironment and regulating inflammatory responses. However, a comprehensive understanding of the roles of these cells in the ovarian aging process is lacking. To bridge this knowledge gap, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and flow cytometry analysis to functionally characterize CD45+ CD11b+ myeloid cell populations in young (3 months old) and aged (14-17 months old) murine ovaries. Our dataset unveiled the presence of five ovarian macrophage subsets, including a Cx3cr1 low Cd81 hi subset unique to the aged murine ovary. Most notably, our data revealed significant alterations in ANNEXIN and TGFβ signaling within aged ovarian myeloid cells, which suggest a novel mechanism contributing to the onset and progression of aging-associated inflammation and fibrosis in the ovarian tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
- Winthrop P Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Lu Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Lynae Brayboy
- Department of Neuropediatrics Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Birrer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
- Winthrop P Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
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2
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Putri KSS, Adhyatmika A, Boorsma CE, Habibie H, Ruigrok MJR, Heukels P, Timens W, de Jager MH, Hinrichs WLJ, Olinga P, Melgert BN. Osteoprotegerin is an Early Marker of the Fibrotic Process and of Antifibrotic Treatment Responses in Ex Vivo Lung Fibrosis. Lung 2024; 202:331-342. [PMID: 38642135 PMCID: PMC11143060 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-024-00691-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung fibrosis is a chronic lung disease with a high mortality rate with only two approved drugs (pirfenidone and nintedanib) to attenuate its progression. To date, there are no reliable biomarkers to assess fibrosis development and/or treatment effects for these two drugs. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is used as a serum marker to diagnose liver fibrosis and we have previously shown it associates with lung fibrosis as well. METHODS Here we used murine and human precision-cut lung slices to investigate the regulation of OPG in lung tissue to elucidate whether it tracks with (early) fibrosis development and responds to antifibrotic treatment to assess its potential use as a biomarker. RESULTS OPG mRNA expression in murine lung slices was higher after treatment with profibrotic cytokines TGFβ1 or IL13, and closely correlated with Fn and PAI1 mRNA expression. More OPG protein was released from fibrotic human lung slices than from the control human slices and from TGFβ1 and IL13-stimulated murine lung slices compared to control murine slices. This OPG release was inhibited when murine slices were treated with pirfenidone or nintedanib. OPG release from human fibrotic lung slices was inhibited by pirfenidone treatment. CONCLUSION OPG can already be detected during the early stages of fibrosis development and responds, both in early- and late-stage fibrosis, to treatment with antifibrotic drugs currently on the market for lung fibrosis. Therefore, OPG should be further investigated as a potential biomarker for lung fibrosis and a potential surrogate marker for treatment effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurnia S S Putri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Adhyatmika Adhyatmika
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Drug Targeting and Personalized Medicine Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Carian E Boorsma
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Habibie Habibie
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Mitchel J R Ruigrok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Heukels
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Timens
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marina H de Jager
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter L J Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Olinga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbro N Melgert
- GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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3
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Reißing J, Berres M, Strnad P, Wree A, Inzaugarat ME, Trautwein C, Bruns T, Zimmermann HW. Th2 Cell Activation in Chronic Liver Disease Is Driven by Local IL33 and Contributes to IL13-Dependent Fibrogenesis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:517-538. [PMID: 38158122 PMCID: PMC10882164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Type 2 immune responses contribute to liver fibrosis in parasite infections, but their role in other liver diseases is less well understood. Here, we aimed at unravelling mechanisms involved in T helper 2 (Th2) T-cell polarization, activation, and recruitment in human liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. METHODS Tissues, cells, and serum from human livers were analyzed using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, fluorescence in situ hybridization, immunostaining, flow cytometry, and various functional in vitro assays. Cellular interactions and soluble mediators involved in T-cell polarization and recruitment were studied, as well as their effect on hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, proliferation, and extracellular matrix synthesis. RESULTS In human liver fibrosis, a stage-dependent increase in Th2-related transcription factors, Th2 cytokines, and trans-acting T-cell-specific transcription factor-expressing T cells was observed, and was highest in cirrhotic livers. The alarmin interleukin (IL)33 was found to be increased in livers and sera from patients with cirrhosis, to act as a chemotactic agent for Th2 cells, and to induce type 2 polarization of CD4+ T cells. Oval cells, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, intrahepatic macrophages, and migrating monocytes were identified as sources of IL33. IL33-activated T cells, but not IL33 alone, induced HSC activation, as shown by Ki67 and α-smooth muscle actin staining, increased collagen type I alpha 1 chain messenger RNA expression, and wound healing assays. The profibrotic effect of IL33-activated T cells was contact-independent and could be antagonized using monoclonal antibodies against IL13. CONCLUSION In patients with chronic liver disease, the alarmin IL33 promotes the recruitment and activation of CD4+ T cells with Th2-like properties, which activate paracrine HSC in an IL13-dependent manner and promotes fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Reißing
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marie Berres
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Pavel Strnad
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Wree
- Department of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Eugenia Inzaugarat
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tony Bruns
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Henning Wolfgang Zimmermann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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4
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Xu Y, Lan P, Wang T. The Role of Immune Cells in the Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1984. [PMID: 38004032 PMCID: PMC10672798 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59111984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating disease of unknown etiology with limited treatment options. The role of the immune system in IPF has received increasing attention. Uncontrolled immune responses drive the onset and progression of IPF. This article provides an overview of the role of innate immune cells (including macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, eosinophils, dendritic cells, nature killer cells, nature kill cells and γδ T cells) and adaptive immune cells (including Th1 cells, Th2 cells, Th9 cells, Th17 cells, Th22 cells, cytotoxic T cells, B lymphocytes and Treg cells) in IPF. In addition, we review the current status of pharmacological treatments for IPF and new developments in immunotherapy. A deeper comprehension of the immune system's function in IPF may contribute to the development of targeted immunomodulatory therapies that can alter the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahan Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;
- The Center for Biomedical Research, National Health Committee (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Peixiang Lan
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;
- The Center for Biomedical Research, National Health Committee (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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5
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Simon KS, Coelho LC, Veloso PHDH, Melo-Silva CA, Morais JAV, Longo JPF, Figueiredo F, Viana L, Silva Pereira I, Amado VM, Mortari MR, Bocca AL. Innovative Pre-Clinical Data Using Peptides to Intervene in the Evolution of Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11049. [PMID: 37446227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, relentless, and deadly disease. Little is known about its pathogenetic mechanisms; therefore, developing efficient pharmacological therapies is challenging. This work aimed to apply a therapeutic alternative using immunomodulatory peptides in a chronic pulmonary fibrosis murine model. BALB/c mice were intratracheally instilled with bleomycin (BLM) and followed for 30 days. The mice were treated with the immune modulatory peptides ToAP3 and ToAP4 every three days, starting on the 5th day post-BLM instillation. ELISA, qPCR, morphology, and respiratory function analyses were performed. The treatment with both peptides delayed the inflammatory process observed in the non-treated group, which showed a fibrotic process with alterations in the production of collagen I, III, and IV that were associated with significant alterations in their ventilatory mechanics. The ToAP3 and ToAP4 treatments, by lung gene modulation patterns, indicated that distinct mechanisms determine the action of peptides. Both peptides controlled the experimental IPF, maintaining the tissue characteristics and standard function properties and regulating fibrotic-associated cytokine production. Data obtained in this work show that the immune response regulation by ToAP3 and ToAP4 can control the alterations that cause the fibrotic process after BLM instillation, making both peptides potential therapeutic alternatives and/or adjuvants for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Smidt Simon
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Luísa Coutinho Coelho
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | | | - Cesar Augusto Melo-Silva
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Medical School, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
- Hospital of the University of Brasilia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | | | - João Paulo Figueiró Longo
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Florencio Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Pathology, Medical School, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Leonora Viana
- Laboratory of Pathology, Medical School, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Ildinete Silva Pereira
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Veronica Moreira Amado
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Medical School, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
- Hospital of the University of Brasilia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Marcia Renata Mortari
- Department de Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Anamelia Lorenzetti Bocca
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
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6
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Chen Y, Hao X, Li M, Tian Z, Cheng M. UGRP1-modulated MARCO + alveolar macrophages contribute to age-related lung fibrosis. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:14. [PMID: 36934284 PMCID: PMC10024420 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00338-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The aging lungs are vulnerable to chronic pulmonary diseases; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we compared the aging lungs of 20-24-month-old mice with the young of 10-16-week-old mice, and found that aging airway epithelial cells significantly upregulated the expression of uteroglobin-related protein 1 (UGRP1), which was responsible for the higher levels of CCL6 in the aging lungs. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) changed intrinsically with aging, exhibiting a decrease in cell number and altered gene expression. Using terminal differentiation trajectories, a population of MARCO+ AMs with the ability to produce CCL6 was identified in the aging lungs. Upregulated UGRP1was demonstrated to modulate CCL6 production of AMs in the UGRP1-MARCO pair in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, MARCO+ AMs aggravated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in a CCL6-dependent manner in the aged mice, and blocking MARCO or neutralizing CCL6 significantly inhibited pulmonary fibrosis, similar to the depletion of AMs. The age-related upregulation of UGRP1 and MARCO+ AMs, involved in the progression of lung fibrosis, was also observed in human lung tissues. Thus, UGRP1 modulated MARCO+ AMs regarding the age-related lung fibrosis in a CCL6-dependent manner, which is key to establishing optimal targeting for the aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| | - Xiaolei Hao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- Cancer Immunotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Min Cheng
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
- Cancer Immunotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, 230001, China.
- Department of Geriatrics, Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, 230001, China.
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7
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Ishida Y, Kuninaka Y, Mukaida N, Kondo T. Immune Mechanisms of Pulmonary Fibrosis with Bleomycin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043149. [PMID: 36834561 PMCID: PMC9958859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis and structural remodeling of the lung tissue can significantly impair lung function, often with fatal consequences. The etiology of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is diverse and includes different triggers such as allergens, chemicals, radiation, and environmental particles. However, the cause of idiopathic PF (IPF), one of the most common forms of PF, remains unknown. Experimental models have been developed to study the mechanisms of PF, and the murine bleomycin (BLM) model has received the most attention. Epithelial injury, inflammation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), myofibroblast activation, and repeated tissue injury are important initiators of fibrosis. In this review, we examined the common mechanisms of lung wound-healing responses after BLM-induced lung injury as well as the pathogenesis of the most common PF. A three-stage model of wound repair involving injury, inflammation, and repair is outlined. Dysregulation of one or more of these three phases has been reported in many cases of PF. We reviewed the literature investigating PF pathogenesis, and the role of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and matrix feeding in an animal model of BLM-induced PF.
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8
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Huang J, Puente H, Wareing NE, Wu M, Mayes MD, Karmouty-Quintana H, Assassi S, Mills TW. STAT6 suppression prevents bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22761. [PMID: 36629780 PMCID: PMC10226134 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200994r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis of the skin and internal organs is a hallmark of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Although the pathogenesis of SSc is poorly understood, increasing evidence suggests that interleukins (IL)-4 and - 13 contribute to the pathogenesis of skin fibrosis by promoting collagen production and myofibroblast differentiation. Signal transducers and activators of transcription 6 (STAT6) is one of the most important downstream transcription factors activated by both IL-4 and IL-13. However, it is not completely understood whether STAT6 plays a role during the pathogenesis of skin fibrosis in SSc. In this study, we observed increased STAT6 phosphorylation in fibrotic skin samples collected from SSc patients as well as bleomycin-injected murine mice. Knockout of Stat6 in mice significantly (1) suppressed the expression of fibrotic cytokines including Il13, Il17, Il22, Ccl2, and the alternatively activated macrophage marker Cd206; (2) reduced the production of collagen and fibronectin, and (3) attenuated late-stage skin fibrosis and inflammation induced by bleomycin. Consistently, mice treated with STAT6 inhibitor AS1517499 also attenuated skin fibrosis on day 28. In addition, a co-culture experiment demonstrated that skin epithelial cells with STAT6 knockdown had reduced cytokine expression in response to IL-4/IL-13, and subsequently attenuated fibrotic protein expression in skin fibroblasts. On the other side, STAT6 depletion in skin fibroblasts attenuated IL-4/IL-13-induced cytokine and fibrotic marker expression, and reduced CXCL2 expression in co-cultured keratinocytes. In summary, our study highlighted an important yet not fully understood role of STAT6 in skin fibrosis by driving innate inflammation and differentiation of alternatively activated macrophages in response to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hydia Puente
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nancy E. Wareing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Minghua Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Maureen D. Mayes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shervin Assassi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tingting W. Mills
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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9
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Luzina IG, Lockatell V, Courneya JP, Mei Z, Fishelevich R, Kopach P, Pickering EM, Kang PH, Krupnick AS, Todd NW, Vogel SN, Atamas SP. Full-length IL-33 augments pulmonary fibrosis in an ST2- and Th2-independent, non-transcriptomic fashion. Cell Immunol 2023; 383:104657. [PMID: 36603504 PMCID: PMC9909894 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mature IL-33 (MIL33) acting through its receptor, ST2, is known to regulate fibrosis. The precursor, full-length IL-33 (FLIL33), may function differently from MIL33 and independently of ST2. Here we report that genetic deletion of either IL-33 or ST2 attenuates pulmonary fibrosis in the bleomycin model, as does Cre-induced IL-33 deficiency in response to either acute or chronic bleomycin challenge. However, adenovirus-mediated gene delivery of FLIL33, but not MIL33, to the lungs of either wild-type or ST2-deficient mice potentiates the profibrotic effect of bleomycin without inducing a Th2 phenotype. In cultured mouse lung cells, FLIL33 overexpression induces moderate and distinct transcriptomic changes compared with a robust response induced by MIL33, whereas ST2 deletion abrogates the effects of both IL-33 forms. Thus, FLIL33 may contribute to fibrosis in an ST2-independent, Th2-independent, non-transcriptomic fashion, suggesting that pharmacological targeting of both FLIL33 and MIL33 may prove efficacious in patients with pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina G Luzina
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Research Service, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Virginia Lockatell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jean-Paul Courneya
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Zhongcheng Mei
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rita Fishelevich
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Pavel Kopach
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Edward M Pickering
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Phillip H Kang
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alexander S Krupnick
- Research Service, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nevins W Todd
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Research Service, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Stefanie N Vogel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sergei P Atamas
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Research Service, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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10
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Zhong Y, Hu L, Chen W, Wang B, Sun J, Dong J. Exploring the comorbidity mechanisms between asthma and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and the pharmacological mechanisms of Bu-Shen-Yi-Qi decoction therapy via network pharmacology. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:151. [PMID: 35672815 PMCID: PMC9175349 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03637-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Asthma and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are common chronic diseases of the respiratory system in clinical practice. However, the relationship and molecular links remain unclear, and the current treatment’s efficacy is disappointing. Bu-Shen-Yi-Qi (BSYQ) decoction has proven effective in treating various chronic airway inflammatory diseases, including asthma and IPF. But the underlying pharmacological mechanisms are still to be elucidated. Methods This study searched the proteins related to asthma and IPF via TTD, CTD, and DisGeNET databases and then submitted to the STRING to establish the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. The co-bioinformatics analysis was conducted by Metascape. The active ingredients of BSYQ decoction were screened from TCMSP, ETCM, BATMAN-TCM databases, and HPLC/MS experiment. The corresponding targets were predicted based on TCMSP, ETCM, and BATMAN-TCM databases. The shared targets for asthma and IPF treatment were recognized, and further GO and KEGG analyses were conducted with the DAVID platform. Finally, molecule docking via Autodock Vina was employed to predict the potential binding mode between core potential compounds and targets. Results Finally, 1333 asthma-related targets and 404 IPF-related proteins were retrieved, 120 were overlapped between them, and many of the asthma-related proteins fall into the same statistically significant GO terms with IPF. Moreover, 116 active ingredients of BSYQ decoction were acquired, and 1535 corresponding targets were retrieved. Eighty-three potential compounds and 56 potential targets were recognized for both asthma and IPF treatment. GO and KEGG analysis indicated that the inflammation response, cytokine production, leukocyte differentiation, oxygen level response, etc., were the common pathological processes in asthma and IPF, which were regulated by BSYQ decoction. Molecule docking further predicted the potential binding modes between the core potential compounds and targets. Conclusion The current study successfully clarified the complex molecule links between asthma and IPF and found the potential common targets. Then we demonstrated the efficacy of BSYQ decoction for asthma and IPF treatment from the angle of network pharmacology, which may provide valuable references for further studies and clinical use. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03637-7.
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11
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Ortiz-Zapater E, Signes-Costa J, Montero P, Roger I. Lung Fibrosis and Fibrosis in the Lungs: Is It All about Myofibroblasts? Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061423. [PMID: 35740444 PMCID: PMC9220162 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the lungs, fibrosis is a growing clinical problem that results in shortness of breath and can end up in respiratory failure. Even though the main fibrotic disease affecting the lung is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), which affects the interstitial space, there are many fibrotic events that have high and dangerous consequences for the lungs. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), excessive allergies, clearance of infection or COVID-19, all are frequent diseases that show lung fibrosis. In this review, we describe the different kinds of fibrosis and analyse the main types of cells involved-myofibroblasts and other cells, like macrophages-and review the main fibrotic mechanisms. Finally, we analyse present treatments for fibrosis in the lungs and highlight potential targets for anti-fibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine-IIS INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Paula Montero
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (P.M.); (I.R.)
| | - Inés Roger
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (P.M.); (I.R.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Animal Models of Systemic Sclerosis: Using Nailfold Capillaroscopy as a Potential Tool to Evaluate Microcirculation and Microangiopathy: A Narrative Review. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050703. [PMID: 35629370 PMCID: PMC9147447 DOI: 10.3390/life12050703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease with three pathogenic hallmarks, i.e., inflammation, vasculopathy, and fibrosis. A wide plethora of animal models have been developed to address the complex pathophysiology and for the development of possible anti-fibrotic treatments. However, no current model comprises all three pathological mechanisms of the disease. To highlight the lack of a complete model, a review of some of the most widely used animal models for SSc was performed. In addition, to date, no model has accomplished the recreation of primary or secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon, a key feature in SSc. In humans, nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC) has been used to evaluate secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon and microvasculature changes in SSc. Being a non-invasive technique, it is widely used both in clinical studies and as a tool for clinical evaluation. Because of this, its potential use in animal models has been neglected. We evaluated NFC in guinea pigs to investigate the possibility of applying this technique to study microcirculation in the nailfold of animal models and in the future, development of an animal model for Raynaud’s phenomenon. The applications are not only to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms of vasculopathy but can also be used in the development of novel treatment options.
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13
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Rosendahl AH, Schönborn K, Krieg T. Pathophysiology of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2022; 38:187-195. [PMID: 35234358 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) is an autoimmune-triggered chronic fibrosing disease that affects the skin and many other organs. Its pathophysiology is complex and involves an early endothelial damage, an inflammatory infiltrate and a resulting fibrotic reaction. Based on a predisposing genetic background, an altered balance of the acquired and the innate immune system leads to the release of many cytokines and chemokines as well as autoantibodies, which induce the activation of fibroblasts with the formation of myofibroblasts and the deposition of a stiff and rigid connective tissue. A curative treatment is still not available but remarkable progress has been made in the management of organ complications. In addition, several breakthroughs in the pathophysiology have led to new therapeutic concepts. Based on these, many new compounds have been developed during the last years, which target these different pathways and offer specific therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Helen Rosendahl
- Translational Matrix Biology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Katrin Schönborn
- Translational Matrix Biology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Translational Matrix Biology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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14
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Hasan M, Paul NC, Paul SK, Saikat ASM, Akter H, Mandal M, Lee SS. Natural Product-Based Potential Therapeutic Interventions of Pulmonary Fibrosis. Molecules 2022; 27:1481. [PMID: 35268581 PMCID: PMC8911636 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a disease-refractive lung condition with an increased rate of mortality. The potential factors causing PF include viral infections, radiation exposure, and toxic airborne chemicals. Idiopathic PF (IPF) is related to pneumonia affecting the elderly and is characterized by recurring scar formation in the lungs. An impaired wound healing process, defined by the dysregulated aggregation of extracellular matrix components, triggers fibrotic scar formation in the lungs. The potential pathogenesis includes oxidative stress, altered cell signaling, inflammation, etc. Nintedanib and pirfenidone have been approved with a conditional endorsement for the management of IPF. In addition, natural product-based treatment strategies have shown promising results in treating PF. In this study, we reviewed the recently published literature and discussed the potential uses of natural products, classified into three types-isolated active compounds, crude extracts of plants, and traditional medicine, consisting of mixtures of different plant products-in treating PF. These natural products are promising in the treatment of PF via inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial mesenchymal transition, as well as affecting TGF-β-mediated cell signaling, etc. Based on the current review, we have revealed the signaling mechanisms of PF pathogenesis and the potential opportunities offered by natural product-based medicine in treating PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbub Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Dhaka 8100, Bangladesh; (N.C.P.); (S.K.P.); (A.S.M.S.); (M.M.)
- Department of Oriental Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Korea
| | - Nidhan Chandra Paul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Dhaka 8100, Bangladesh; (N.C.P.); (S.K.P.); (A.S.M.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Shamrat Kumar Paul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Dhaka 8100, Bangladesh; (N.C.P.); (S.K.P.); (A.S.M.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Abu Saim Mohammad Saikat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Dhaka 8100, Bangladesh; (N.C.P.); (S.K.P.); (A.S.M.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Hafeza Akter
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Division, Health Medical Science Research Foundation, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
| | - Manoj Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Dhaka 8100, Bangladesh; (N.C.P.); (S.K.P.); (A.S.M.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Sang-Suk Lee
- Department of Oriental Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Korea
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15
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Zhu W, Ding Q, Wang L, Xu G, Diao Y, Qu S, Chen S, Shi Y. Vitamin D3 alleviates pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the MAPK pathway via targeting PSAT1 expression in vivo and in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108212. [PMID: 34656907 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal fibrotic lung disease. However, there are insufficient drugs available for IPF treatment, and the currently used drugs are accompanied by many adverse reactions. Deficiency of vitamin D3 (VD3) in the development of IPF and the potential role of VD3 in the treatment of IPF have attracted increasing attention. In vivo experimental results showed that VD3 could increase the survival rate in bleomycin (BLM)-induced models, relieve lung inflammation, reduce hydroxyproline content, and inhibit collagen deposition and cell apoptosis. We further performed proteomics analysis and screened 251 target proteins that reflect VD3 intervention in BLM-induced animal models. These target proteins were involved in acute inflammation, oxidative stress, antioxidant activity and extracellular matrix binding. Combined with the comprehensive analysis of clinical samples, PSAT1 was screened out as a candidate target related to IPF disease and VD3 treatment. Through further computational analysis, the MAPK signaling pathway was considered to be the most probable candidate pathway for VD3 function targeting IPF. In in vivo experiments, VD3 inhibited BLM-induced expression of PSAT1 and phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2 in mouse lung tissue. The experiments of cell proliferation and western blot confirmed that VD3 inhibited the expression of PSAT1 and the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in human pulmonary fibroblasts (HPF). Furthermore, experiments with transfection plasmids overexpressing PSAT1 proved that VD3 could attenuate the proliferation and differentiation of HPF by suppressing the effect of PSAT1 on the MAPK signaling pathway. Finally, we confirmed that vitamin D receptor (VDR) could occupy the PSAT1 promoter to reveal the transcriptional regulation effect of VD3 on PSAT1. In conclusion, VD3 exerted a therapeutic effect on IPF by down-regulating the MAPK signaling pathway via targeting the expression of PSAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Zhu
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qi Ding
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gonghao Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yirui Diao
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sihao Qu
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Shenzhen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
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16
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Shastri MD, Allam VSRR, Shukla SD, Jha NK, Paudel KR, Peterson GM, Patel RP, Hansbro PM, Chellappan DK, Dua K. Interleukin-13: A pivotal target against influenza-induced exacerbation of chronic lung diseases. Life Sci 2021; 283:119871. [PMID: 34352260 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-communicable, chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) affect millions of individuals worldwide. The course of these CRDs (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis) are often punctuated by microbial infections that may result in hospitalization and are associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality, as well as reduced quality of life. Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is a key protein that regulates airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion. There has been much interest in IL-13 from the last two decades. This cytokine is believed to play a decisive role in the exacerbation of inflammation during the course of viral infections, especially, in those with pre-existing CRDs. Here, we discuss the common viral infections in CRDs, as well as the potential role that IL-13 plays in the virus-induced disease pathogenesis of CRDs. We also discuss, in detail, the immune-modulation potential of IL-13 that could be translated to in-depth studies to develop IL-13-based therapeutic entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhur D Shastri
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7005, Australia.
| | | | - Shakti D Shukla
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, India
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Gregory M Peterson
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7005, Australia
| | - Rahul P Patel
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7005, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh K Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
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17
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Chemokine (C-C motif) Ligand 6 Aggravates Hypoxia Reoxygenation-induced Apoptosis in H9c2 Cells Through Enhancing the Expression of Insulin-like Growth Factor 2-Antisense. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 76:549-555. [PMID: 32833905 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 (CCL6), one of the small cytokines in the CC chemokine family, has been reported to involve in renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the role of CCL-6 in myocardial I/R injury is nonelucidated. In this study, we used in vitro H9c2 cell model to investigate the overall contributions of CCL6 to myocardial I/R injury. We found the elevated level of CCL6 from the reanalysis of data set GSE-4105 and in hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R)-injured H9c2 cells. CCL6 silencing attenuated the cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by H/R injury, whereas exogenous CCL6 treatment aggravated the apoptosis of H/R-injured H9c2 cells. During CCL6 administration, the expression of numerous long noncoding RNAs was differentially regulated. Quantitative RT-Polymerase chain reaction assay demonstrated that insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2)-Antisense (AS) had the highest induction by CCL6 addition. IGF2-AS silencing alleviated the apoptosis of H/R-injured H9c2 cells. Collectively, we have identified a potential mechanism by which high expression of CCL6 contributes to the H/R-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells through enhancing the expression of IGF2-AS. These findings also give evidence of the feasibility of CCL6 or long noncoding RNA IGF2-AS as a potential target for modulation or therapeutic intervention in myocardial I/R injury.
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18
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Sgalla G, Lerede M, Richeldi L. Emerging drugs for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: 2020 phase II clinical trials. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2021; 26:93-101. [PMID: 33998354 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2021.1931119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The enthusiasm generated by the approval of pirfenidone and nintedanib as the first effective therapies for IPF led the IPF scientific community to investigate an increasing number of novel agents in well-designed randomized controlled trials, in the hope to find a cure for these patients. AREAS COVERED This reviews the evidence from IPF phase II trials that were completed or started in 2020. Literature search was performed using Medline and Clinicaltrials.org databases. EXPERT OPINION Randomized clinical trials revolutionized the management of IPF, leading to the discovery of the first therapies capable of slowing down functional deterioration in these patients. The recently published findings of the first successful phase II trials since pirfenidone and nintedanib will hopefully inaugurate a new era in the therapeutic scenario of IPF, where consolidated treatments of proven efficacy and novel targeted agents contribute together to reach the final goal of halting the fibrotic process of this dreadful disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Sgalla
- Dipartimento Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche E Nefro-Urologiche, Unità Operativa Complessa Di Pneumologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marialessia Lerede
- Dipartimento Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche E Nefro-Urologiche, Unità Operativa Complessa Di Pneumologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Richeldi
- Dipartimento Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche E Nefro-Urologiche, Unità Operativa Complessa Di Pneumologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Medicina Interna, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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19
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Planté-Bordeneuve T, Pilette C, Froidure A. The Epithelial-Immune Crosstalk in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:631235. [PMID: 34093523 PMCID: PMC8170303 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.631235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between the lung epithelium and the immune system involve a tight regulation to prevent inappropriate reactions and have been connected to several pulmonary diseases. Although the distal lung epithelium and local immunity have been implicated in the pathogenesis and disease course of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), consequences of their abnormal interplay remain less well known. Recent data suggests a two-way process, as illustrated by the influence of epithelial-derived periplakin on the immune landscape or the effect of macrophage-derived IL-17B on epithelial cells. Additionally, damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), released by damaged or dying (epithelial) cells, are augmented in IPF. Next to “sterile inflammation”, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are increased in IPF and have been linked with lung fibrosis, while outer membrane vesicles from bacteria are able to influence epithelial-macrophage crosstalk. Finally, the advent of high-throughput technologies such as microbiome-sequencing has allowed for the identification of a disease-specific microbial environment. In this review, we propose to discuss how the interplays between the altered distal airway and alveolar epithelium, the lung microbiome and immune cells may shape a pro-fibrotic environment. More specifically, it will highlight DAMPs-PAMPs pathways and the specificities of the IPF lung microbiome while discussing recent elements suggesting abnormal mucosal immunity in pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Planté-Bordeneuve
- Pôle de pneumologie, O.R.L. et dermatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Charles Pilette
- Pôle de pneumologie, O.R.L. et dermatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium.,Service de pneumologie, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Antoine Froidure
- Pôle de pneumologie, O.R.L. et dermatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium.,Service de pneumologie, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium
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20
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Sr R, Arya LK, Siva Ganesa Karthikeyan R, Sen S. Aqueous humor cytokines and cellular profiles in pediatric ocular granulomas caused by theTrematode Fluke Procerovum sp. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2021; 30:930-939. [PMID: 33792498 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2020.1855356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Children from coastal areas of South India develop granulomatous eye disease after swimming in their village ponds, the causative organism being trematode Procerovum.Aim: To understand the pathogenesis by analyzing the cellular profile, cytokines, and chemokines of aqueous fluid.Methods: This was a prospective study over 1 year on pediatric patients with ocular granuloma caused by a Trematode Fluke Procerovum sp. Granuloma was aspirated along with 100 µl volume of aqueous humor. Immunohistochemical analysis of granuloma was performed. Bio-Plex Pro™ Human Cytokine 17-plex Assay (M5000031YV) was used to measure cytokine and chemokines.Results: The immunohistochemistry revealed predominantly eosinophils, followed by macrophages (CD68+) and T - lymphocytes (CD4+). Both T-helper (Th) 1 and 2 mediated cytokines and chemokine levels were significantly high. As the disease duration increased, direct Th1 response reduced and was replaced by IL-12 and IL-17 mediated secondary Th1 response.Conclusion: Procerovum associated granulomatous disease is immunologically characterized by Th1 and Th2 cell-mediated responses. A balance between both arms maintains the eyes between granulomatous inflammation and healing by fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathinam Sr
- Aravind Eye Hospital & PG Institute of Ophthalmology, Madurai, India
| | - Lalan Kumar Arya
- Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | | | - Sagnik Sen
- Aravind Eye Hospital & PG Institute of Ophthalmology, Madurai, India
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21
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Blessing WA, Williamson AK, Kirsch JR, Grinstaff MW. The Prognosis of Arthrofibroses: Prevalence, Clinical Shortcomings, and Future Prospects. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:398-415. [PMID: 33795150 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is the dysregulated biosynthesis of connective tissue that results from persistent infection, high serum cholesterol, surgery, trauma, or prolonged joint immobilization. As a disease that impacts connective tissue, it is prevalent across the body and disrupts normal extracellular and tissue organization. Ultimately, fibrosis impairs the tissue structural, mechanical, or biochemical function. This review describes the clinical landscape of joint fibrosis, that is, arthrofibrosis, including the risk factors and causes, as well as current clinical treatments and their shortcomings. Because treating arthrofibrosis remains an unmet clinical challenge, we present several animal models used for exploration of the physiopathology of arthrofibrosis and summarize their use for testing novel treatments. We then discuss therapeutics for the prevention or treatment of arthrofibrosis that are in preclinical development and in ongoing clinical trials. We conclude with recent findings from molecular biological studies of arthrofibroses that shed insight on future areas of research for improved treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Blessing
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Amanda K Williamson
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jack R Kirsch
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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22
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Liu G, Philp AM, Corte T, Travis MA, Schilter H, Hansbro NG, Burns CJ, Eapen MS, Sohal SS, Burgess JK, Hansbro PM. Therapeutic targets in lung tissue remodelling and fibrosis. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 225:107839. [PMID: 33774068 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Structural changes involving tissue remodelling and fibrosis are major features of many pulmonary diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins is a key factor in the development of tissue remodelling that results in symptoms and impaired lung function in these diseases. Tissue remodelling in the lungs is complex and differs between compartments. Some pathways are common but tissue remodelling around the airways and in the parenchyma have different morphologies. Hence it is critical to evaluate both common fibrotic pathways and those that are specific to different compartments; thereby expanding the understanding of the pathogenesis of fibrosis and remodelling in the airways and parenchyma in asthma, COPD and IPF with a view to developing therapeutic strategies for each. Here we review the current understanding of remodelling features and underlying mechanisms in these major respiratory diseases. The differences and similarities of remodelling are used to highlight potential common therapeutic targets and strategies. One central pathway in remodelling processes involves transforming growth factor (TGF)-β induced fibroblast activation and myofibroblast differentiation that increases ECM production. The current treatments and clinical trials targeting remodelling are described, as well as potential future directions. These endeavours are indicative of the renewed effort and optimism for drug discovery targeting tissue remodelling and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ashleigh M Philp
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Medical School, UNSW Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tamera Corte
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark A Travis
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre and Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Heidi Schilter
- Pharmaxis Ltd, 20 Rodborough Road, Frenchs Forest, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole G Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chris J Burns
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Mathew S Eapen
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Sukhwinder S Sohal
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Janette K Burgess
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Discipline of Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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She YX, Yu QY, Tang XX. Role of interleukins in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:52. [PMID: 33723241 PMCID: PMC7960958 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00437-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukins, a group of cytokines participating in inflammation and immune response, are proved to be involved in the formation and development of pulmonary fibrosis. In this article, we reviewed the relationship between interleukins and pulmonary fibrosis from the clinical, animal, as well as cellular levels, and discussed the underlying mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. Despite the effects of interleukin-targeted treatment on experimental pulmonary fibrosis, clinical applications are lacking and unsatisfactory. We conclude that intervening in one type of interleukins with similar functions in IPF may not be enough to stop the development of fibrosis as it involves a complex network of regulation mechanisms. Intervening interleukins combined with other existing therapy or targeting interleukins affecting multiple cells/with different functions at the same time may be one of the future directions. Furthermore, the intervention time is critical as some interleukins play different roles at different stages. Further elucidation on these aspects would provide new perspectives on both the pathogenesis mechanism, as well as the therapeutic strategy and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xin She
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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24
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Du X, Li F, Zhang C, Li N, Huang H, Shao Z, Zhang M, Zhan X, He Y, Ju Z, Li W, Chen Z, Ying S, Shen H. Eosinophil-derived chemokine (hCCL15/23, mCCL6) interacts with CCR1 to promote eosinophilic airway inflammation. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:91. [PMID: 33640900 PMCID: PMC7914252 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00482-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are terminally differentiated cells derived from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow. Several studies have confirmed the effective roles of eosinophils in asthmatic airway pathogenesis. However, their regulatory functions have not been well elucidated. Here, increased C-C chemokine ligand 6 (CCL6) in asthmatic mice and the human orthologs CCL15 and CCL23 that are highly expressed in asthma patients are described, which are mainly derived from eosinophils. Using Ccl6 knockout mice, further studies revealed CCL6-dependent allergic airway inflammation and committed eosinophilia in the bone marrow following ovalbumin (OVA) challenge and identified a CCL6-CCR1 regulatory axis in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Eosinophil differentiation and airway inflammation were remarkably decreased by the specific CCR1 antagonist BX471. Thus, the study identifies that the CCL6-CCR1 axis is involved in the crosstalk between eosinophils and HSCs during the development of allergic airway inflammation, which also reveals a potential therapeutic strategy for targeting G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) for future clinical treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufei Du
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Department of Anatomy, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Huaqiong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Zhehua Shao
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Xueqin Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yicheng He
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Zhenyu Ju
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Songmin Ying
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China. .,International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, China. .,Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Huahao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China. .,State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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25
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Yu X, Li L, Zheng L, Li W. [Differential mRNA expression in C57BL/6 mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and its association with LncRNA co-expression network]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:39-46. [PMID: 33509751 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.01.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the changes in mRNA and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression profiles in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis and identify lung fibrosis-related mRNA for coding-noncoding coexpression (CNC) bioinformatics analysis of the differential lncRNAs. METHODS Lung fibrosis was induced by intratracheal injection of bleomycin in 10 C57BL/6 mice and another 10 mice with intratracheal injection of saline served as the control group. Lung tissues were harvested from the mice at 14 days after the injections and lung fibrosis was assessed using Masson and HE staining. LncRNA chip technology was used to screen the differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs in mice with lung fibrosis, and GO and KEGG pathway analyses of the differential mRNAs were performed using NCBI database and UCSC database to identify possible fibrosis-related mRNAs, which were validated by qRT-PCR to construct a coding and non-coding co- expression network with the differential lncRNAs. RESULTS Compared with the control mice, the mice with intratracheal injection of bleomycin showed obvious lung fibrosis. The results of gene chip analysis showed that 127 mRNAs were upregulated and 184 mRNAs were down-regulated in the model group as compared with the control group. GO and pathway analysis suggested that the differentially expressed genes participated mainly in immune response, cell differentiation, and cytoskeletons; the involved signal pathways were associated mainly with cytokine and cytokine receptor interaction and chemokine signal transduction. Bioinformatics analysis identified a significant coexpression network between the fibrosisrelated mRNA and the differentially expressed lncRNA. CONCLUSIONS In mice with lung fibrosis, the differential expressions of fibrosis-related mRNAs in the lung tissues are closely correlated with the co- expressions of a large number of differential lncRNAs, which points to a new direction for investigation of the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Yu
- Graduate School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.,General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Li Li
- General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Linxin Zheng
- General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Weifeng Li
- General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, China
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26
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Shenderov K, Collins SL, Powell JD, Horton MR. Immune dysregulation as a driver of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:143226. [PMID: 33463535 DOI: 10.1172/jci143226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) affects hundreds of thousands of people worldwide, reducing their quality of life and leading to death from respiratory failure within years of diagnosis. Treatment options remain limited, with only two FDA-approved drugs available in the United States, neither of which reverse the lung damage caused by the disease or prolong the life of individuals with IPF. The only cure for IPF is lung transplantation. In this review, we discuss recent major advances in our understanding of the role of the immune system in IPF that have revealed immune dysregulation as a critical driver of disease pathophysiology. We also highlight ways in which an improved understanding of the immune system's role in IPF may enable the development of targeted immunomodulatory therapies that successfully halt or potentially even reverse lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Shenderov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Samuel L Collins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan D Powell
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maureen R Horton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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27
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He L, Feng QQ, Zhang Q, Zhang B, Wu SS, Gong JH. Protective role of overexpressed MUC5AC against fibrosis in MHV-68-induced combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema mouse model. J Med Virol 2020; 92:3726-3735. [PMID: 32557739 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mucins have long been regarded to play a role as a barrier to prevent mucosal infections; however, some studies report that overexpression of mucins induces obstruction and inflammation of airways. We investigated whether the secretion of overexpressed mucin, mucin5ac (MUC5AC), could improve protection against pathogens. To examine the possible roles of mucin hypersecretion in augmenting host defense against disease-promoting muco-obstructive lung disease, a mouse model that overexpressed MUC5AC was generated. We had previously proved that murine gammaherpesvirus-68 (MHV-68) infection could induce emphysema in mice, which later developed into combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE). We further explored whether increased MUC5AC secretion could provide benefits against MHV-68 induced fibrosis. We initially developed a pcDNA3.1-MUC5AC mouse model. Next, the experimental mice were randomly divided into five groups: normal control, pcDNA3.1 control, pcDNA3.1-MUC5AC, CPFE, and pcDNA3.1- MUC5AC + CPFE. Morphometric analysis of each group was performed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson trichrome staining. MUC5AC levels in lung tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis. The airway inflammation was determined by differential cell counts of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and measurement of cytokines and chemokines in BALF by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MUC5AC hypersecretion alone was not sufficient to drive goblet cell metaplasia to induce obvious mucus plugging and airway inflammation. However, MUC5AC overexpression served as a protective barrier against MHV-68 virus infection in vivo. Infectivity of MHV-68 was decreased in the pcDNA3.1-MUC5AC + CPFE group compared with that in CPFE group. Meanwhile, a reduction of MHV-68 virus attenuated the expressions of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5 (CXCL5), interleukin-13 (IL-13), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and weakened airway inflammation and fibrosis in the pcDNA3.1-MUC5AC + CPFE group. Overexpression of MUC5AC appears to exhibit a protective role against MHV-68 infection in mice with emphysema that subsequently developed into CPFE and to further decrease airway inflammation and fibrosis induced by MHV-68 by decreasing the expressions of CCL2, CXCL5, IL-13, and TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jingzhou Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qian-Qian Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jingzhou Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jingzhou Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Si-Si Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of ICU, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jian-Hua Gong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jingzhou Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
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28
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Worrell JC, Walsh SM, Fabre A, Kane R, Hinz B, Keane MP. CXCR3A promotes the secretion of the antifibrotic decoy receptor sIL-13Rα2 by pulmonary fibroblasts. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C1059-C1069. [PMID: 33026833 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00076.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) A and its IFN-inducible ligands CXCL9 and CXCL10 regulate vascular remodeling and fibroblast motility. IL-13 is a profibrotic cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and fibroproliferative conditions. Previous work from our laboratory has shown that CXCR3A is negatively regulated by IL-13 and is necessary for the basal regulation of the IL-13 receptor subunit IL-13Rα2. This study investigates the regulation of fibroblast phenotype, function, and downstream IL-13 signaling by CXCR3A in vitro. CXCR3A was overexpressed via transient transfection. CXCR3A-/- lung fibroblasts were isolated for functional analysis. Additionally, the contribution of CXCR3A to tissue remodeling following acute lung injury was assessed in vivo with wild-type (WT) and CXCR3-/- mice challenged with IL-13. CXCR3 and IL-13Rα2 displayed a reciprocal relationship after stimulation with either IL-13 or CXCR3 ligands. CXCR3A reduced expression of fibroblast activation makers, soluble collagen production, and proliferation. CXCR3A enhanced the basal expression of pERK1/2 while inducing IL-13-mediated downregulation of NF-κB-p65. CXCR3A-/- pulmonary fibroblasts were increasingly proliferative and displayed reduced contractility and α-smooth muscle actin expression. IL-13 challenge regulated expression of the CXCR3 ligands and soluble IL-13Rα2 levels in lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of WT mice; this response was absent in CXCR3-/- mice. Alveolar macrophage accumulation and expression of genes involved in lung remodeling was increased in CXCR3-/- mice. We conclude that CXCR3A is a central antifibrotic factor in pulmonary fibroblasts, limiting fibroblast activation and reducing extracellular matrix (ECM) production. Therefore, targeting of CXCR3A may be a novel approach to regulating fibroblast activity in lung fibrosis and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie C Worrell
- St. Vincent's University Hospital and School of Medicine, University College Dublin and UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinead M Walsh
- St. Vincent's University Hospital and School of Medicine, University College Dublin and UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aurélie Fabre
- St. Vincent's University Hospital and School of Medicine, University College Dublin and UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Conway Research Pathology Core Technology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rosemary Kane
- St. Vincent's University Hospital and School of Medicine, University College Dublin and UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Boris Hinz
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael P Keane
- St. Vincent's University Hospital and School of Medicine, University College Dublin and UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Russo R, Cozzani E, Gasparini G, Parodi A. Targeting interleukin 4 receptor α: A new approach to the treatment of cutaneous autoimmune bullous diseases? Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e13190. [PMID: 31863534 PMCID: PMC7154653 DOI: 10.1111/dth.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid, mucous membrane pemphigoid, and pemphigus vulgaris are different cutaneous autoimmune blistering diseases, with complex pathogenic mechanisms. In all of them, a type-2 response is thought to have a central role. Interleukin 4 and Interleukin 13 are crucial cytokines in type-2 response. Treatment of these conditions is often challenging. Dupilumab, a recombinant fully human IgG4 monoclonal antibody with binding specificity to human interleukin-4 receptor IL-4Rα, has the potential to inhibit both IL-4 and IL-13. We propose IL-4Rα as a theoretical drug target for cutaneous autoimmune bullous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Russo
- Di.S.SAL Section of DermatologyUniversity of Genoa, Via Pastore 1GenoaItaly
- Section of Dermatology, IRCCS San Martino Policlinic HospitalGenoaItaly
| | - Emanuele Cozzani
- Di.S.SAL Section of DermatologyUniversity of Genoa, Via Pastore 1GenoaItaly
- Section of Dermatology, IRCCS San Martino Policlinic HospitalGenoaItaly
| | - Giulia Gasparini
- Di.S.SAL Section of DermatologyUniversity of Genoa, Via Pastore 1GenoaItaly
- Section of Dermatology, IRCCS San Martino Policlinic HospitalGenoaItaly
| | - Aurora Parodi
- Di.S.SAL Section of DermatologyUniversity of Genoa, Via Pastore 1GenoaItaly
- Section of Dermatology, IRCCS San Martino Policlinic HospitalGenoaItaly
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Wang X, Sun J, Tan J, Fang P, Chen J, Yuan W, Chen H, Liu Y. Effect of sIL-13Rα2-Fc on the progression of rat tail intervertebral disc degeneration. J Orthop Surg Res 2019; 14:386. [PMID: 31775818 PMCID: PMC6880576 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-019-1361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of degenerative disc disease caused by intervertebral disc injury is increasing annually, seriously affecting the quality of life of patients and increasing the disease burden on society. The mechanisms of intervertebral disc degeneration include changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and tissue fibrosis. sIL-13Rα2-Fc potently inhibits interleukin (IL)-13, as well as blocks related cell signaling pathways and inhibits fibrosis in certain tissues. However, it is unknown whether sIL-13Rα2-Fc inhibits fibrosis in injured intervertebral discs and slows the process of degeneration. We hypothesized that sIL-13Rα2-Fc delays the progression of intervertebral disc degeneration by inhibiting intervertebral disc fibrosis and improving ECM deposition. METHODS A rat tail intervertebral disc degeneration model was established. Pathological changes in rat intervertebral disc tissue were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson staining. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG), chondroitin sulfate (CS), keratan sulfate (KS), and hyaluronic acid (HA) contents were quantitatively analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Type I and type II collagen expression levels were analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR and western blotting. RESULTS Hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson staining revealed annulus fibrosus rupture, disordered arrangement, decreased nucleus pulposus tissue, and decreased collagen fiber in the rat intervertebral disc tissue. Following treatment with sIL-13Rα2-Fc, pathological changes in the rat intervertebral disc were reduced. Rat intervertebral disc tissue showed decreased GAG, CS-KS, and (HA) contents, increased type I collagen levels, and decreased type II collagen levels in degenerated intervertebral discs. sIL-13Rα2-Fc intervention increased the contents of GAG, CS, KS, and HA; inhibited the expression of type I collagen; and promoted the expression of type II collagen. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that intervertebral disc degeneration is associated with tissue fibrosis. sIL-13Rα2-Fc can regulate type I and type II collagen expression levels by increasing GAG, CS, KS, and HA contents, thereby slowing the progression of intervertebral disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China. .,Changzheng Orthopedics Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Junhao Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Jianshi Tan
- Department of Orthopedics, First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Pengzhong Fang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Jinlei Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Changzheng Orthopedics Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Huajiang Chen
- Changzheng Orthopedics Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Changzheng Orthopedics Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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31
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Bhattacharya S, Kawamura A. Using evasins to target the chemokine network in inflammation. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2019; 119:1-38. [PMID: 31997766 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation, is driven by a network comprising cytokines, chemokines, their target receptors and leukocytes, and is a major pathologic mechanism that adversely affects organ function in diverse human diseases. Despite being supported by substantial target validation, no successful anti-chemokine therapeutic to treat inflammatory disease has yet been developed. This is in part because of the robustness of the chemokine network, which emerges from a large total chemokine load in disease, promiscuous expression of receptors on leukocytes, promiscuous and synergistic interactions between chemokines and receptors, and feedforward loops created by secretion of chemokines by leukocytes themselves. Many parasites, including viruses, helminths and ticks, evade the chemokine network by producing proteins that bind promiscuously to chemokines or their receptors. Evasins - three small glycoproteins identified in the saliva of the brown dog tick - bind multiple chemokines, and are active in several animal models of inflammatory disease. Over 50 evasin homologs have recently been identified from diverse tick species. Characterization of the chemokine binding patterns of evasins show that several have anti-chemokine activities that extend substantially beyond those previously described. These studies indicate that evasins function at the site of the tick bite by reducing total chemokine load. This not only reduces chemokine signaling to receptors, but also interrupts feedforward loops, thus disabling the chemokine network. Taking the lead from nature, a goal for the development of new anti-chemokine therapeutics would be to reduce the total chemokine load in disease. This could be achieved by administering appropriate evasin combinations or by smaller peptides that mimic evasin action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoumo Bhattacharya
- RDM Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Akane Kawamura
- RDM Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Distler JHW, Györfi AH, Ramanujam M, Whitfield ML, Königshoff M, Lafyatis R. Shared and distinct mechanisms of fibrosis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2019; 15:705-730. [DOI: 10.1038/s41584-019-0322-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kendall TJ, Duff CM, Boulter L, Wilson DH, Freyer E, Aitken S, Forbes SJ, Iredale JP, Hastie ND. Embryonic mesothelial-derived hepatic lineage of quiescent and heterogenous scar-orchestrating cells defined but suppressed by WT1. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4688. [PMID: 31615982 PMCID: PMC6794268 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12701-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) orchestrate scarring during liver injury, with putative quiescent precursor mesodermal derivation. Here we use lineage-tracing from development, through adult homoeostasis, to fibrosis, to define morphologically and transcriptionally discreet subpopulations of aHSCs by expression of WT1, a transcription factor controlling morphological transitions in organogenesis and adult homoeostasis. Two distinct populations of aHSCs express WT1 after injury, and both re-engage a transcriptional signature reflecting embryonic mesothelial origin of their discreet quiescent adult precursor. WT1-deletion enhances fibrogenesis after injury, through upregulated Wnt-signalling and modulation of genes central to matrix persistence in aHSCs, and augmentation of myofibroblastic transition. The mesothelial-derived lineage demonstrates punctuated phenotypic plasticity through bidirectional mesothelial-mesenchymal transitions. Our findings demonstrate functional heterogeneity of adult scar-orchestrating cells that can be whole-life traced back through specific quiescent adult precursors to differential origin in development, and define WT1 as a paradoxical regulator of aHSCs induced by injury but suppressing scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy James Kendall
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - Catherine Mary Duff
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - David H Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Elisabeth Freyer
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Stuart Aitken
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Stuart John Forbes
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - John Peter Iredale
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Senate House, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Nicholas Dixon Hastie
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
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Somogyi V, Chaudhuri N, Torrisi SE, Kahn N, Müller V, Kreuter M. The therapy of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: what is next? Eur Respir Rev 2019; 28:28/153/190021. [PMID: 31484664 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0021-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, fibrosing interstitial lung disease, characterised by progressive scarring of the lung and associated with a high burden of disease and early death. The pathophysiological understanding, clinical diagnostics and therapy of IPF have significantly evolved in recent years. While the recent introduction of the two antifibrotic drugs pirfenidone and nintedanib led to a significant reduction in lung function decline, there is still no cure for IPF; thus, new therapeutic approaches are needed. Currently, several clinical phase I-III trials are focusing on novel therapeutic targets. Furthermore, new approaches in nonpharmacological treatments in palliative care, pulmonary rehabilitation, lung transplantation, management of comorbidities and acute exacerbations aim to improve symptom control and quality of life. Here we summarise new therapeutic attempts and potential future approaches to treat this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Somogyi
- Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.,Dept of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nazia Chaudhuri
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Sebastiano Emanuele Torrisi
- Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.,Regional Referral Centre for Rare Lung Diseases, University Hospital "Policlinico", Dept of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nicolas Kahn
- Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Veronika Müller
- Dept of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Michael Kreuter
- Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
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Yanamala N, Desai IC, Miller W, Kodali VK, Syamlal G, Roberts JR, Erdely AD. Grouping of carbonaceous nanomaterials based on association of patterns of inflammatory markers in BAL fluid with adverse outcomes in lungs. Nanotoxicology 2019; 13:1102-1116. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1640911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naveena Yanamala
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ishika C. Desai
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - William Miller
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Vamsi K. Kodali
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Girija Syamlal
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jenny R. Roberts
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Aaron D. Erdely
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Nie Y, Hu Y, Yu K, Zhang D, Shi Y, Li Y, Sun L, Qian F. Akt1 regulates pulmonary fibrosis via modulating IL-13 expression in macrophages. Innate Immun 2019; 25:451-461. [PMID: 31299858 PMCID: PMC6900639 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919861774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive interstitial pneumonia characterised by fibroblast accumulation, collagen deposition and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling. It was reported that Akt1 mediated idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis progression through regulating the apoptosis of alveolar macrophage, while its effect on macrophage-produced cytokines remains largely unknown. In the present study, we first examined the phosphorylation of Akt1 in lung sections from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients by immunohistochemistry before applying a bleomycin-induced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis model using Akt1−/− mice and Akt1+/+ littermates. The results showed that Akt1 was remarkably up-regulated in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients, while in vivo studies revealed that Akt1-deficient mice had well-preserved alveolar structure and fewer collagens, secreted fewer matrix components, including alpha smooth-muscle actin and fibronectin and survived significantly longer than Akt1+/+ littermates. Additionally, the pro-fibrogenic cytokine IL-13 was down-regulated at least twofold in Akt1−/−mice compared to the Akt1+/+group on d 3 and 7 after bleomycin treatment. Furthermore, it was found that Akt1–/– macrophages displayed down-regulation of IL-13 compared to Akt1+/+ macrophages in which Akt1 was phosphorylated in response to IL-33 stimulation. These findings indicate that Akt1 modulates pulmonary fibrosis through inducing IL-13 production by macrophages, suggesting that targeting Akt1 may simultaneously block the fibrogenic processes of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjuan Nie
- 1 Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, PR China
| | - Yudong Hu
- 2 Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Ab, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, PR China
| | - Kaikai Yu
- 2 Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Ab, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, PR China
| | - Dan Zhang
- 3 Research Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, PR China
| | - Yinze Shi
- 1 Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, PR China
| | - Yaolin Li
- 1 Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, PR China
| | - Lei Sun
- 2 Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Ab, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, PR China
| | - Feng Qian
- 2 Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Ab, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, PR China.,3 Research Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, PR China
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38
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Brown M, O'Reilly S. The immunopathogenesis of fibrosis in systemic sclerosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 195:310-321. [PMID: 30430560 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an idiopathic systemic autoimmune disease. It is characterized by a triad of hallmarks: immune dysfunction, fibrosis and vasculopathy. Immune dysfunction in SSc is characterized by the activation and recruitment of immune cells and the production of autoantibodies and cytokines. How immune abnormalities link the fibrosis and vasculopathy in SSc is poorly understood. A plethora of immune cell types are implicated in the immunopathogenesis of SSc, including T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, mast cells and macrophages. How these different cell types interact to contribute to SSc is complicated, and can involve cell-to-cell interactions and communication via cytokines, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-4. We will attempt to review significant and recent research demonstrating the importance of immune cell regulation in the immunopathogenesis of SSc with a particular focus on fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brown
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - S O'Reilly
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Barratt SL, Creamer A, Hayton C, Chaudhuri N. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF): An Overview. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7080201. [PMID: 30082599 PMCID: PMC6111543 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7080201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease characterised by chronic, progressive scarring of the lungs and the pathological hallmark of usual interstitial pneumonia. Current paradigms suggest alveolar epithelial cell damage is a key initiating factor. Globally, incidence of the disease is rising, with associated high morbidity, mortality, and economic healthcare burden. Diagnosis relies on a multidisciplinary team approach with exclusion of other causes of interstitial lung disease. Over recent years, two novel antifibrotic therapies, pirfenidone and nintedanib, have been developed, providing treatment options for many patients with IPF, with several other agents in early clinical trials. Current efforts are directed at identifying key biomarkers that may direct more customized patient-centred healthcare to improve outcomes for these patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaney L Barratt
- Bristol Interstitial Lung Disease Service, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK.
- Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.
| | - Andrew Creamer
- Bristol Interstitial Lung Disease Service, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK.
| | - Conal Hayton
- North West Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe, Manchester M23 9LT, UK.
| | - Nazia Chaudhuri
- North West Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe, Manchester M23 9LT, UK.
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40
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Zhao J, Okamoto Y, Asano Y, Ishimaru K, Aki S, Yoshioka K, Takuwa N, Wada T, Inagaki Y, Takahashi C, Nishiuchi T, Takuwa Y. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-2 facilitates pulmonary fibrosis through potentiating IL-13 pathway in macrophages. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197604. [PMID: 29782549 PMCID: PMC5962071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating disease with poor prognosis. The pathogenic role of the lysophospholipid mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate and its receptor S1PR2 in lung fibrosis is unknown. We show here that genetic deletion of S1pr2 strikingly attenuated lung fibrosis induced by repeated injections of bleomycin in mice. We observed by using S1pr2LacZ/+ mice that S1PR2 was expressed in alveolar macrophages, vascular endothelial cells and alveolar epithelial cells in the lung and that S1PR2-expressing cells accumulated in the fibrotic legions. Bone marrow chimera experiments suggested that S1PR2 in bone marrow–derived cells contributes to the development of lung fibrosis. Depletion of macrophages greatly attenuated lung fibrosis. Bleomycin administration stimulated the mRNA expression of the profibrotic cytokines IL-13 and IL-4 and the M2 markers including arginase 1, Fizz1/Retnla, Ccl17 and Ccl24 in cells collected from broncho-alveolar lavage fluids (BALF), and S1pr2 deletion markedly diminished the stimulated expression of these genes. BALF cells from bleomycin–administered wild-type mice showed a marked increase in phosphorylation of STAT6, a transcription factor which is activated downstream of IL-13, compared with saline–administered wild-type mice. Interestingly, in bleomycin–administered S1pr2-/- mice, STAT6 phosphorylation in BALF cells was substantially diminished compared with wild-type mice. Finally, pharmacological S1PR2 blockade in S1pr2+/+ mice alleviated bleomycin–induced lung fibrosis. Thus, S1PR2 facilitates lung fibrosis through the mechanisms involving augmentation of IL-13 expression and its signaling in BALF cells, and represents a novel target for treating lung fibrosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bleomycin/toxicity
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/chemistry
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/cytology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/etiology
- Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/metabolism
- Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/pathology
- Interleukin-13/genetics
- Interleukin-13/metabolism
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Lysosphingolipid/deficiency
- Receptors, Lysosphingolipid/genetics
- Receptors, Lysosphingolipid/metabolism
- STAT6 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptors
- Transplantation Chimera/genetics
- Transplantation Chimera/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yasuo Okamoto
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yuya Asano
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ishimaru
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Sho Aki
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Yoshioka
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Noriko Takuwa
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Wada
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yutaka Inagaki
- Center for Matrix Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chiaki Takahashi
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takumi Nishiuchi
- Division of Functional Genomics, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yoh Takuwa
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Habiel DM, Espindola MS, Coelho AL, Hogaboam CM. Modeling Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in Humanized Severe Combined Immunodeficient Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:891-903. [PMID: 29378172 PMCID: PMC5954978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fibrotic lung disease of unknown etiopathogenesis with limited therapeutic options. IPF is characterized by an abundance of fibroblasts and loss of epithelial progenitors, which cumulates in unrelenting fibrotic lung remodeling and loss of normal oxygenation. IPF has been challenging to model in rodents; nonetheless, mouse models of lung fibrosis provide clues as to the natural progression of lung injury and remodeling, but many have not been useful in predicting efficacy of therapeutics in clinical IPF. We provide a detailed methodologic description of various iterations of humanized mouse models, initiated by the i.v. injection of cells from IPF lung biopsy or explants specimens into severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)/beige or nonobese diabetic SCID γ mice. Unlike cells from normal lung samples, IPF cells promote persistent, nonresolving lung remodeling in SCID mice. Finally, we provide examples and discuss potential advantages and pitfalls of human-specific targeting approaches in a humanized SCID model of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Habiel
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Milena S Espindola
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ana L Coelho
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Cory M Hogaboam
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
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Semba T, Sugihara E, Kamoshita N, Ueno S, Fukuda K, Yoshino M, Takao K, Yoshikawa K, Izuhara K, Arima Y, Suzuki M, Saya H. Periostin antisense oligonucleotide suppresses bleomycin-induced formation of a lung premetastatic niche for melanoma. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:1447-1454. [PMID: 29498146 PMCID: PMC5980369 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer death. A tumor‐supportive microenvironment, or premetastatic niche, at potential secondary tumor sites plays an important role in metastasis, especially in tumor cell colonization. Although a fibrotic milieu is known to promote tumorigenesis and metastasis, the underlying molecular contributors to this effect have remained unclear. Here we show that periostin, a component of the extracellular matrix that functions in tissue remodeling, has a key role in formation of a fibrotic environment that promotes tumor metastatic colonization. We found that periostin was widely expressed in fibrotic lesions of mice with bleomycin‐induced lung fibrosis, and that up‐regulation of periostin expression coincided with activation of myofibroblasts positive for α‐smooth muscle actin. We established a lung metastasis model for B16 murine melanoma cells and showed that metastatic colonization of the lung by these cells was markedly promoted by bleomycin‐induced lung fibrosis. Inhibition of periostin expression by giving an intratracheal antisense oligonucleotide targeting periostin mRNA was found to suppress bleomycin‐induced lung fibrosis and thereby to attenuate metastatic colonization of the lung by melanoma cells. Our results indicate that periostin is a key player in the development of bleomycin‐induced fibrosis and consequent enhancement of tumor cell colonization in the lung. Our results therefore implicate periostin as a potential target for prevention or treatment of lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Semba
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Eiji Sugihara
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Innovation Medical Research Institute, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nagisa Kamoshita
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Ueno
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keitaro Fukuda
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kenji Izuhara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Arima
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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43
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Ntontsi P, Papathanassiou E, Loukides S, Bakakos P, Hillas G. Targeted anti-IL-13 therapies in asthma: current data and future perspectives. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2018; 27:179-186. [PMID: 29334288 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2018.1427729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The identification of patients with severe asthma who will benefit from a personalized management approach remains an unmet need. Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is a cytokine possessing a significant role in asthma pathogenesis and progression of disease. Humanised monoclonal antibodies against IL-13 and IL-13 and IL-4 receptors are mainly proposed as add-on therapy in patients with TH2-high inflammation with uncontrolled asthma despite maximum therapy. AREAS COVERED The role of IL-13 in airway inflammation in severe asthma, the targeted anti-IL-13 therapies and biomarkers that predict response to anti-IL-13 treatment are discussed. EXPERT OPINION New effective individualized therapies in severe asthma are urgently needed to block specific inflammatory pathways using monoclonal antibodies. Studies on anti-IL-13 therapies showed that asthmatic patients could benefit from this novel targeted therapy as far as lung function and exacerbation rate are concerned. TH2-high and especially periostin-high groups of asthmatics with moderate-to-severe uncontrolled asthma seem to compose the group that could benefit from anti-IL-13 therapy. Targeting IL-13 alone may not be sufficient to achieve asthma control. Inhibition of IL-13 and IL-4 with mabs may be more encouraging and patients will probably have additional benefits from these therapeutic interventions because of IL-13/IL-4 overlapping actions in asthma pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyxeni Ntontsi
- a 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Attikon Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Evgenia Papathanassiou
- a 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Attikon Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Stelios Loukides
- a 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Attikon Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Petros Bakakos
- b 1st Respiratory Medicine Department , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Sotiria Chest Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Georgios Hillas
- c Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Evangelismos Hospital , Athens , Greece
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Eosinophil-derived CCL-6 impairs hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis. Cell Res 2018; 28:323-335. [PMID: 29327730 PMCID: PMC5835778 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2018.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils (Eos) have been long considered as end-stage effector cells in the hierarchical hematopoietic system. Numerous lines of evidence have suggested that Eos are multifunctional leukocytes with respect to the initiation, propagation and regulation of various inflammatory or immune reactions, especially in allergic diseases. Recent studies have shown that Eos are also required for maintenance of bone marrow plasma cells and differentiation of B cells. However, it remains unclear whether Eos contributes to regulation of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) homeostasis. Here, we demonstrate that Eos disrupt HSC homeostasis by impairing HSC quiescence and reconstitution ability in wild-type mice following ovalbumin (OVA) challenge and even by causing bone marrow HSC failure and exhaustion in Cd3δ-Il-5 transgenic mice. The impaired maintenance and function of HSCs were associated with Eos-induced redox imbalance (increased oxidative phosphorylation and decreased anti-oxidants levels). More importantly, using mass spectrometry, we determined that CCL-6 is expressed at a high level under eosinophilia. We demonstrate that CCL-6 is Eos-derived and responsible for the impaired HSC homeostasis. Interestingly, blockage of CCL-6 with a specific neutralizing antibody, restored the reconstitution ability of HSCs while exacerbating eosinophilia airway inflammation in OVA-challenged mice. Thus, our study reveals an unexpected function of Eos/CCL-6 in HSC homeostasis.
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Takagi K, Yamakuchi M, Matsuyama T, Kondo K, Uchida A, Misono S, Hashiguchi T, Inoue H. IL-13 enhances mesenchymal transition of pulmonary artery endothelial cells via down-regulation of miR-424/503 in vitro. Cell Signal 2017; 42:270-280. [PMID: 29102771 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has a major effect on life expectancy with functional degeneracy of the lungs and right heart. Interleukin-13 (IL-13), one of the type 2 cytokines mainly associated with allergic diseases, has recently been reported to be associated with Schistosomiasis-associated PAH which shares pathological features with other forms of PAH, such as idiopathic PAH and connective tissue disease-associated PAH. But a direct pathological role of IL-13 in the development of PAH has not been explored. We examined the effects of recombinant human IL-13 on the function of primary human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) to examine how IL-13 influences exacerbation of PAH. IL-13 increased the expression of Rictor, which is a key molecule of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2. Treatment of IL-13 induced HPAEC migration via Rictor. Rictor was directly regulated by both miR-424 and 503 (miR-424/503). Therefore, IL-13 increases Rictor level by regulating miR-424/503, causing the increase of HPAEC migration. Since enhancement of HPAEC migration in the lung is thought to be associated with PAH, these data suggest that IL-13 takes some roles in exacerbating PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Takagi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan; Department of Laboratory and Vascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Munekazu Yamakuchi
- Department of Laboratory and Vascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Matsuyama
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Kondo
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Akifumi Uchida
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Misono
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Teruto Hashiguchi
- Department of Laboratory and Vascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Inoue
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
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Yanamala N, Orandle MS, Kodali VK, Bishop L, Zeidler-Erdely PC, Roberts JR, Castranova V, Erdely A. Sparse Supervised Classification Methods Predict and Characterize Nanomaterial Exposures: Independent Markers of MWCNT Exposures. Toxicol Pathol 2017; 46:14-27. [PMID: 28934917 DOI: 10.1177/0192623317730575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent experimental evidence indicates significant pulmonary toxicity of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), such as inflammation, interstitial fibrosis, granuloma formation, and carcinogenicity. Although numerous studies explored the adverse potential of various CNTs, their comparability is often limited. This is due to differences in administered dose, physicochemical characteristics, exposure methods, and end points monitored. Here, we addressed the problem through sparse classification method, a supervised machine learning approach that can reduce the noise contained in redundant variables for discriminating among MWCNT-exposed and MWCNT-unexposed groups. A panel of proteins measured from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) samples was used to predict exposure to various MWCNT and determine markers that are attributable to MWCNT exposure and toxicity in mice. Using sparse support vector machine-based classification technique, we identified a small subset of proteins clearly distinguishing each exposure. Macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22), in particular, was associated with various MWCNT exposures and was independent of exposure method employed, that is, oropharyngeal aspiration versus inhalation exposure. Sustained expression of some of the selected protein markers identified also suggests their potential role in MWCNT-induced toxicity and proposes hypotheses for future mechanistic studies. Such approaches can be used more broadly for nanomaterial risk profiling studies to evaluate decisions related to dose/time-response relationships that could delineate experimental variables from exposure markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveena Yanamala
- 1 Exposure Assessment Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Marlene S Orandle
- 2 Pathology & Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Vamsi K Kodali
- 2 Pathology & Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Lindsey Bishop
- 2 Pathology & Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Patti C Zeidler-Erdely
- 2 Pathology & Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Jenny R Roberts
- 3 Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Vincent Castranova
- 4 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Aaron Erdely
- 2 Pathology & Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Abstract
Type 2 immunity is characterized by the production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13, and this immune response is commonly observed in tissues during allergic inflammation or infection with helminth parasites. However, many of the key cell types associated with type 2 immune responses - including T helper 2 cells, eosinophils, mast cells, basophils, type 2 innate lymphoid cells and IL-4- and IL-13-activated macrophages - also regulate tissue repair following injury. Indeed, these cell populations engage in crucial protective activity by reducing tissue inflammation and activating important tissue-regenerative mechanisms. Nevertheless, when type 2 cytokine-mediated repair processes become chronic, over-exuberant or dysregulated, they can also contribute to the development of pathological fibrosis in many different organ systems. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms by which type 2 immunity contributes to tissue regeneration and fibrosis following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Gieseck
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20852, USA
| | - Mark S Wilson
- Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20852, USA
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Singh B, Kasam RK, Sontake V, Wynn TA, Madala SK. Repetitive intradermal bleomycin injections evoke T-helper cell 2 cytokine-driven pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L796-L806. [PMID: 28775096 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00184.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-4 and IL-13 are major T-helper cell (Th) 2 cytokines implicated in the pathogenesis of several lung diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, using a novel repetitive intradermal bleomycin model in which mice develop extensive lung fibrosis and a progressive decline in lung function compared with saline-treated control mice, we investigated profibrotic functions of Th2 cytokines. To determine the role of IL-13 signaling in the pathogenesis of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, wild-type, IL-13, and IL-4Rα-deficient mice were treated with bleomycin, and lungs were assessed for changes in lung function and pulmonary fibrosis. Histological staining and lung function measurements demonstrated that collagen deposition and lung function decline were attenuated in mice deficient in either IL-13 or IL-4Rα-driven signaling compared with wild-type mice treated with bleomycin. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that IL-13 and IL-4Rα-driven signaling are involved in excessive migration of macrophages and fibroblasts. Notably, our findings demonstrated that IL-13-driven migration involves increased phospho-focal adhesion kinase signaling and F-actin polymerization. Importantly, in vivo findings demonstrated that IL-13 augments matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP9 activity that has also been shown to increase migration and invasiveness of fibroblasts in the lungs during bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Together, our findings demonstrate a pathogenic role for Th2-cytokine signaling that includes excessive migration and protease activity involved in severe fibrotic lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijendra Singh
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Rajesh K Kasam
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; and
| | - Vishwaraj Sontake
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; and
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Satish K Madala
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio;
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Beach TA, Johnston CJ, Groves AM, Williams JP, Finkelstein JN. Radiation induced pulmonary fibrosis as a model of progressive fibrosis: Contributions of DNA damage, inflammatory response and cellular senescence genes. Exp Lung Res 2017; 43:134-149. [PMID: 28534660 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2017.1318975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Purpose/Aim of Study: Studies of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) have resulted in DNA damage, inflammatory response, and cellular senescence being widely hypothesized to play a role in the progression of the disease. Utilizing these aforementioned terms, genomics databases were interrogated along with the term, "pulmonary fibrosis," to identify genes common among all 4 search terms. Findings were compared to data derived from a model of radiation-induced progressive pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) to verify that these genes are similarly expressed, supporting the use of radiation as a model for diseases involving PF, such as human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). MATERIALS AND METHODS In an established model of RIPF, C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 12.5 Gy thorax irradiation and sacrificed at 24 hours, 1, 4, 12, and 32 weeks following exposure, and lung tissue was compared to age-matched controls by RNA sequencing. RESULTS Of 176 PF associated gene transcripts identified by database interrogation, 146 (>82%) were present in our experimental model, throughout the progression of RIPF. Analysis revealed that nearly 85% of PF gene transcripts were associated with at least 1 other search term. Furthermore, of 22 genes common to all four terms, 16 were present experimentally in RIPF. CONCLUSIONS This illustrates the validity of RIPF as a model of progressive PF/IPF based on the numbers of transcripts reported in both literature and observed experimentally. Well characterized genes and proteins are implicated in this model, supporting the hypotheses that DNA damage, inflammatory response and cellular senescence are associated with the pathogenesis of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A Beach
- a Department of Environmental Medicine , University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester , New York , USA
| | - Carl J Johnston
- a Department of Environmental Medicine , University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester , New York , USA.,b Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology , University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester , New York , USA
| | - Angela M Groves
- b Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology , University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester , New York , USA
| | - Jacqueline P Williams
- a Department of Environmental Medicine , University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester , New York , USA
| | - Jacob N Finkelstein
- a Department of Environmental Medicine , University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester , New York , USA.,b Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology , University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester , New York , USA
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50
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Passalacqua G, Mincarini M, Colombo D, Troisi G, Ferrari M, Bagnasco D, Balbi F, Riccio A, Canonica GW. IL-13 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Possible links and new therapeutic strategies. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:95-100. [PMID: 28501346 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The recent advances in the knowledge of immunological aspects of many pulmonary diseases, allowed to identify cells, biological functions, cytokines, and receptors that are preferentially involved in each disease. This is the case of asthma, where IL-13 (together with IL-4) is recognized as a central mediator. The role of IL-13 is strictly related, via complex signaling pathways, to eosinophil recruitment and activation, to mucus secretion, periostin generation and to fibrogenic processes (which are part of the remodeling process). These peculiar roles of IL-13 have suggested the hypothesis of its role in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, and consequently of its antagonists in the treatment of such disease. We review herein the immunological roles of IL-13 in asthma and IPF, and the currently ongoing attempts to treat IPF by IL-13 antagonism strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Passalacqua
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS San Martino-IST-University of Genoa, Italy.
| | - Marcello Mincarini
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS San Martino-IST-University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniele Colombo
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS San Martino-IST-University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Troisi
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS San Martino-IST-University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Marta Ferrari
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS San Martino-IST-University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Diego Bagnasco
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS San Martino-IST-University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Balbi
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS San Martino-IST-University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Annamaria Riccio
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS San Martino-IST-University of Genoa, Italy
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