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Sun R, Pan X, Ward E, Intrevado R, Morozan A, Lauzon AM, Martin JG. Serum Response Factor Expression in Excess Permits a Dual Contractile-Proliferative Phenotype of Airway Smooth Muscle. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024; 71:182-194. [PMID: 38775474 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2024-0081oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The transcription factors (TFs) MyoCD (myocardin) and Elk-1 (ETS Like-1 protein) competitively bind to SRF (serum response factor) and control myogenic- and mitogenic-related gene expression in smooth muscle, respectively. Their functions are therefore mutually inhibitory, which results in a contractile-versus-proliferative phenotype dichotomy. Airway smooth muscle cell (ASMC) phenotype alterations occur in various inflammatory airway diseases, promoting pathological remodeling and contributing to airflow obstruction. We characterized MyoCD and Elk-1 interactions and their roles in phenotype determination in human ASMCs. MyoCD overexpression in ASMCs increased smooth muscle gene expression, force generation, and partially restored the loss of smooth muscle protein associated with prolonged culturing while inhibiting Elk-1 transcriptional activities and proliferation induced by EGF (epidermal growth factor). However, MyoCD overexpression failed to suppress these responses induced by FBS, as FBS also upregulated SRF expression to a degree that allowed unopposed function of both TFs. Inhibition of the RhoA pathway reversed said SRF changes, allowing inhibition of Elk-1 by MyoCD overexpression and suppressing FBS-mediated contractile protein gene upregulation. Our study confirmed that MyoCD in increased abundance can competitively inhibit Elk-1 function. However, SRF upregulation permits a dual contractile-proliferative ASMC phenotype that is anticipated to exacerbate pathological alterations, whereas therapies targeting SRF may inhibit pathological ASMC proliferation and contractile protein gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Xingning Pan
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Erin Ward
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rafael Intrevado
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Arina Morozan
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Lauzon
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - James G Martin
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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2
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Zavvarian MM, Modi AD, Sadat S, Hong J, Fehlings MG. Translational Relevance of Secondary Intracellular Signaling Cascades Following Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5708. [PMID: 38891894 PMCID: PMC11172219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-threatening and life-altering condition that results in debilitating sensorimotor and autonomic impairments. Despite significant advances in the clinical management of traumatic SCI, many patients continue to suffer due to a lack of effective therapies. The initial mechanical injury to the spinal cord results in a series of secondary molecular processes and intracellular signaling cascades in immune, vascular, glial, and neuronal cell populations, which further damage the injured spinal cord. These intracellular cascades present promising translationally relevant targets for therapeutic intervention due to their high ubiquity and conservation across eukaryotic evolution. To date, many therapeutics have shown either direct or indirect involvement of these pathways in improving recovery after SCI. However, the complex, multifaceted, and heterogeneous nature of traumatic SCI requires better elucidation of the underlying secondary intracellular signaling cascades to minimize off-target effects and maximize effectiveness. Recent advances in transcriptional and molecular neuroscience provide a closer characterization of these pathways in the injured spinal cord. This narrative review article aims to survey the MAPK, PI3K-AKT-mTOR, Rho-ROCK, NF-κB, and JAK-STAT signaling cascades, in addition to providing a comprehensive overview of the involvement and therapeutic potential of these secondary intracellular pathways following traumatic SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Masoud Zavvarian
- Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (M.-M.Z.); (A.D.M.); (S.S.); (J.H.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Akshat D. Modi
- Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (M.-M.Z.); (A.D.M.); (S.S.); (J.H.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
- Department of Human Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3J6, Canada
| | - Sarah Sadat
- Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (M.-M.Z.); (A.D.M.); (S.S.); (J.H.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - James Hong
- Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (M.-M.Z.); (A.D.M.); (S.S.); (J.H.)
| | - Michael G. Fehlings
- Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (M.-M.Z.); (A.D.M.); (S.S.); (J.H.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
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3
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Iram T, Garcia MA, Amand J, Kaur A, Atkins M, Iyer M, Lam M, Ambiel N, Jorgens DM, Keller A, Wyss-Coray T, Kern F, Zuchero JB. SRF transcriptionally regulates the oligodendrocyte cytoskeleton during CNS myelination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2307250121. [PMID: 38483990 PMCID: PMC10962977 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307250121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Myelination of neuronal axons is essential for nervous system development. Myelination requires dramatic cytoskeletal dynamics in oligodendrocytes, but how actin is regulated during myelination is poorly understood. We recently identified serum response factor (SRF)-a transcription factor known to regulate expression of actin and actin regulators in other cell types-as a critical driver of myelination in the aged brain. Yet, a major gap remains in understanding the mechanistic role of SRF in oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Here, we show that SRF is required cell autonomously in oligodendrocytes for myelination during development. Combining ChIP-seq with RNA-seq identifies SRF-target genes in oligodendrocyte precursor cells and oligodendrocytes that include actin and other key cytoskeletal genes. Accordingly, SRF knockout oligodendrocytes exhibit dramatically reduced actin filament levels early in differentiation, consistent with its role in actin-dependent myelin sheath initiation. Surprisingly, oligodendrocyte-restricted loss of SRF results in upregulation of gene signatures associated with aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Together, our findings identify SRF as a transcriptional regulator that controls the expression of cytoskeletal genes required in oligodendrocytes for myelination. This study identifies an essential pathway regulating oligodendrocyte biology with high relevance to brain development, aging, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Iram
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Miguel A. Garcia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Jérémy Amand
- Department of Clinical Bioinformatics, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland–Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarland University Campus, Saarbrücken66123, Germany
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken66123, Germany
| | - Achint Kaur
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Micaiah Atkins
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Manasi Iyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Mable Lam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Nicholas Ambiel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | | | - Andreas Keller
- Department of Clinical Bioinformatics, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland–Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarland University Campus, Saarbrücken66123, Germany
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken66123, Germany
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Fabian Kern
- Department of Clinical Bioinformatics, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland–Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarland University Campus, Saarbrücken66123, Germany
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken66123, Germany
| | - J. Bradley Zuchero
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
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4
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Sporkova A, Nahar T, Cao M, Ghosh S, Sens-Albert C, Friede PAP, Nagel A, Al-Hasani J, Hecker M. Characterisation of Lipoma-Preferred Partner as a Novel Mechanotransducer in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2315. [PMID: 37759537 PMCID: PMC10529303 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In arteries and arterioles, a chronic increase in blood pressure raises wall tension. This continuous biomechanical strain causes a change in gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) that may lead to pathological changes. Here we have characterised the functional properties of lipoma-preferred partner (LPP), a Lin11-Isl1-Mec3 (LIM)-domain protein, which is most closely related to the mechanotransducer zyxin but selectively expressed by smooth muscle cells, including VSMCs in adult mice. VSMCs isolated from the aorta of LPP knockout (LPP-KO) mice displayed a higher rate of proliferation than their wildtype (WT) counterparts, and when cultured as three-dimensional spheroids, they revealed a higher expression of the proliferation marker Ki 67 and showed greater invasion into a collagen gel. Accordingly, the gelatinase activity was increased in LPP-KO but not WT spheroids. The LPP-KO spheroids adhering to the collagen gel responded with decreased contraction to potassium chloride. The relaxation response to caffeine and norepinephrine was also smaller in the LPP-KO spheroids than in their WT counterparts. The overexpression of zyxin in LPP-KO VSMCs resulted in a reversal to a more quiescent differentiated phenotype. In native VSMCs, i.e., in isolated perfused segments of the mesenteric artery (MA), the contractile responses of LPP-KO segments to potassium chloride, phenylephrine or endothelin-1 did not vary from those in isolated perfused WT segments. In contrast, the myogenic response of LPP-KO MA segments was significantly attenuated while zyxin-deficient MA segments displayed a normal myogenic response. We propose that LPP, which we found to be expressed solely in the medial layer of different arteries from adult mice, may play an important role in controlling the quiescent contractile phenotype of VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Markus Hecker
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (A.S.)
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5
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Yao L, Rathnakar BH, Kwon HR, Sakashita H, Kim JH, Rackley A, Tomasek JJ, Berry WL, Olson LE. Temporal control of PDGFRα regulates the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition in wound healing. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111192. [PMID: 35977484 PMCID: PMC9423027 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts differentiate into myofibroblasts by acquiring new contractile function. This is important for tissue repair, but it also contributes to organ fibrosis. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) promotes tissue repair and fibrosis, but the relationship between PDGF and myofibroblasts is unclear. Using mice with lineage tracing linked to PDGF receptor α (PDGFRα) gene mutations, we examine cell fates during skin wound healing. Elevated PDGFRα signaling increases proliferation but unexpectedly delays the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition, suggesting that PDGFRα must be downregulated for myofibroblast differentiation. In contrast, deletion of PDGFRα decreases proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation by reducing serum response factor (SRF) nuclear localization. Consequences of SRF deletion resemble PDGFRα deletion, but deletion of two SRF coactivators, MRTFA and MRTFB, specifically eliminates myofibroblasts. Our findings suggest a scenario where PDGFRα signaling initially supports proliferation of fibroblast progenitors to expand their number during early wound healing but, later, PDGFRα downregulation facilitates fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longbiao Yao
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Bharath H Rathnakar
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Hae Ryong Kwon
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Hiromi Sakashita
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jang H Kim
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Alex Rackley
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - James J Tomasek
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - William L Berry
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Lorin E Olson
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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6
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Deshpande A, Shetty PMV, Frey N, Rangrez AY. SRF: a seriously responsible factor in cardiac development and disease. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:38. [PMID: 35681202 PMCID: PMC9185982 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00820-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that regulate embryogenesis and cardiac development are calibrated by multiple signal transduction pathways within or between different cell lineages via autocrine or paracrine mechanisms of action. The heart is the first functional organ to form during development, which highlights the importance of this organ in later stages of growth. Knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms underlying cardiac development and adult cardiac homeostasis paves the way for discovering therapeutic possibilities for cardiac disease treatment. Serum response factor (SRF) is a major transcription factor that controls both embryonic and adult cardiac development. SRF expression is needed through the duration of development, from the first mesodermal cell in a developing embryo to the last cell damaged by infarction in the myocardium. Precise regulation of SRF expression is critical for mesoderm formation and cardiac crescent formation in the embryo, and altered SRF levels lead to cardiomyopathies in the adult heart, suggesting the vital role played by SRF in cardiac development and disease. This review provides a detailed overview of SRF and its partners in their various functions and discusses the future scope and possible therapeutic potential of SRF in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushka Deshpande
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | - Prithviraj Manohar Vijaya Shetty
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ashraf Yusuf Rangrez
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany.
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7
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Aberdeen H, Battles K, Taylor A, Garner-Donald J, Davis-Wilson A, Rogers BT, Cavalier C, Williams ED. The Aging Vasculature: Glucose Tolerance, Hypoglycemia and the Role of the Serum Response Factor. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:58. [PMID: 34067715 PMCID: PMC8156687 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8050058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The fastest growing demographic in the U.S. at the present time is those aged 65 years and older. Accompanying advancing age are a myriad of physiological changes in which reserve capacity is diminished and homeostatic control attenuates. One facet of homeostatic control lost with advancing age is glucose tolerance. Nowhere is this more accentuated than in the high proportion of older Americans who are diabetic. Coupled with advancing age, diabetes predisposes affected subjects to the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In the treatment of type 2 diabetes, hypoglycemic episodes are a frequent clinical manifestation, which often result in more severe pathological outcomes compared to those observed in cases of insulin resistance, including premature appearance of biomarkers of senescence. Unfortunately, molecular mechanisms of hypoglycemia remain unclear and the subject of much debate. In this review, the molecular basis of the aging vasculature (endothelium) and how glycemic flux drives the appearance of cardiovascular lesions and injury are discussed. Further, we review the potential role of the serum response factor (SRF) in driving glycemic flux-related cellular signaling through its association with various proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Aberdeen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baptist Health Sciences University, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; or
| | - Kaela Battles
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA; (K.B.); (A.T.); (J.G.-D.); (A.D.-W.); (B.T.R.); (C.C.)
| | - Ariana Taylor
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA; (K.B.); (A.T.); (J.G.-D.); (A.D.-W.); (B.T.R.); (C.C.)
| | - Jeranae Garner-Donald
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA; (K.B.); (A.T.); (J.G.-D.); (A.D.-W.); (B.T.R.); (C.C.)
| | - Ana Davis-Wilson
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA; (K.B.); (A.T.); (J.G.-D.); (A.D.-W.); (B.T.R.); (C.C.)
| | - Bryan T. Rogers
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA; (K.B.); (A.T.); (J.G.-D.); (A.D.-W.); (B.T.R.); (C.C.)
| | - Candice Cavalier
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA; (K.B.); (A.T.); (J.G.-D.); (A.D.-W.); (B.T.R.); (C.C.)
| | - Emmanuel D. Williams
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA; (K.B.); (A.T.); (J.G.-D.); (A.D.-W.); (B.T.R.); (C.C.)
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8
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Xu Z, Orkwis JA, Harris GM. Cell Shape and Matrix Stiffness Impact Schwann Cell Plasticity via YAP/TAZ and Rho GTPases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094821. [PMID: 34062912 PMCID: PMC8124465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs) are a highly plastic cell type capable of undergoing phenotypic changes following injury or disease. SCs are able to upregulate genes associated with nerve regeneration and ultimately achieve functional recovery. During the regeneration process, the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell morphology play a cooperative, critical role in regulating SCs, and therefore highly impact nerve regeneration outcomes. However, the roles of the ECM and mechanotransduction relating to SC phenotype are largely unknown. Here, we describe the role that matrix stiffness and cell morphology play in SC phenotype specification via known mechanotransducers YAP/TAZ and RhoA. Using engineered microenvironments to precisely control ECM stiffness, cell shape, and cell spreading, we show that ECM stiffness and SC spreading downregulated SC regenerative associated proteins by the activation of RhoA and YAP/TAZ. Additionally, cell elongation promoted a distinct SC regenerative capacity by the upregulation of Rac1/MKK7/JNK, both necessary for the ECM and morphology changes found during nerve regeneration. These results confirm the role of ECM signaling in peripheral nerve regeneration as well as provide insight to the design of future biomaterials and cellular therapies for peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyuan Xu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (Z.X.); (J.A.O.)
| | - Jacob A. Orkwis
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (Z.X.); (J.A.O.)
| | - Greg M. Harris
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (Z.X.); (J.A.O.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(513)-556-4167
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9
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Pronobis MI, Zheng S, Singh SP, Goldman JA, Poss KD. In vivo proximity labeling identifies cardiomyocyte protein networks during zebrafish heart regeneration. eLife 2021; 10:e66079. [PMID: 33764296 PMCID: PMC8034980 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Strategies have not been available until recently to uncover interacting protein networks specific to key cell types, their subcellular compartments, and their major regulators during complex in vivo events. Here, we apply BioID2 proximity labeling to capture protein networks acting within cardiomyocytes during a key model of innate heart regeneration in zebrafish. Transgenic zebrafish expressing a promiscuous BirA2 localized to the entire myocardial cell or membrane compartment were generated, each identifying distinct proteomes in adult cardiomyocytes that became altered during regeneration. BioID2 profiling for interactors with ErbB2, a co-receptor for the cardiomyocyte mitogen Nrg1, implicated Rho A as a target of ErbB2 signaling in cardiomyocytes. Blockade of Rho A during heart regeneration, or during cardiogenic stimulation by the mitogenic influences Nrg1, Vegfaa, or vitamin D, disrupted muscle creation. Our findings reveal proximity labeling as a useful resource to interrogate cell proteomes and signaling networks during tissue regeneration in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira I Pronobis
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
- Regeneration Next, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Susan Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | | | - Joseph A Goldman
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Medical CenterColumbusUnited States
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
- Regeneration Next, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
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10
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FRZB as a key molecule in abdominal aortic aneurysm progression affecting vascular integrity. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227068. [PMID: 33245093 PMCID: PMC7789806 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20203204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), when ruptured, results in high mortality. The identification of molecular pathways involved in AAA progression is required to improve AAA prognosis. The aim of the present study was to assess the key genes for the progression of AAA and their functional role. Genomic and clinical data of three independent cohorts were downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) (GSE57691, GSE7084, and GSE98278). To develop AAA diagnosis and progression-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs), we used a significance analysis of microarray (SAM). Spearman correlation test and gene set analysis were performed to identify potential enriched pathways for DEGs. Only the Frizzled-related protein (FRZB) gene and chromosome 1 open reading frame 24 (C1orf24) exhibited significant down-regulation in all analyses. With FRZB, the pathways were associated with RHO GTPase and elastin fiber formation. With C1orf24, the pathways were elastic fiber formation, extracellular matrix organization, and cell–cell communication. Since only FRZB was evolutionally conserved in the vertebrates, function of FRZB was validated using zebrafish embryos. Knockdown of frzb remarkably reduced vascular integrity in zebrafish embryos. We believe that FRZB is a key gene involved in AAA initiation and progression affecting vascular integrity.
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11
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Calizo RC, Bell MK, Ron A, Hu M, Bhattacharya S, Wong NJ, Janssen WGM, Perumal G, Pederson P, Scarlata S, Hone J, Azeloglu EU, Rangamani P, Iyengar R. Cell shape regulates subcellular organelle location to control early Ca 2+ signal dynamics in vascular smooth muscle cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17866. [PMID: 33082406 PMCID: PMC7576209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74700-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The shape of the cell is connected to its function; however, we do not fully understand underlying mechanisms by which global shape regulates a cell's functional capabilities. Using theory, experiments and simulation, we investigated how physiologically relevant cell shape changes affect subcellular organization, and consequently intracellular signaling, to control information flow needed for phenotypic function. Vascular smooth muscle cells going from a proliferative and motile circular shape to a contractile fusiform shape show changes in the location of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, inter-organelle distances, and differential distribution of receptors in the plasma membrane. These factors together lead to the modulation of signals transduced by the M3 muscarinic receptor/Gq/PLCβ pathway at the plasma membrane, amplifying Ca2+ dynamics in the cytoplasm, and the nucleus resulting in phenotypic changes, as determined by increased activity of myosin light chain kinase in the cytoplasm and enhanced nuclear localization of the transcription factor NFAT. Taken together, our observations show a systems level phenomenon whereby global cell shape affects subcellular organization to modulate signaling that enables phenotypic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Calizo
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1215, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - M K Bell
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - A Ron
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - M Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - S Bhattacharya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - N J Wong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - W G M Janssen
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1215, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - G Perumal
- Carl Zeiss Microscopy LLC, White Plains, NY, 10601, USA
| | - P Pederson
- Carl Zeiss Microscopy LLC, White Plains, NY, 10601, USA
| | - S Scarlata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - J Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - E U Azeloglu
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1215, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - P Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - R Iyengar
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1215, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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12
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Cahill ME, Browne CJ, Wang J, Hamilton PJ, Dong Y, Nestler EJ. Withdrawal from repeated morphine administration augments expression of the RhoA network in the nucleus accumbens to control synaptic structure. J Neurochem 2018; 147:84-98. [PMID: 30071134 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a critical brain reward region that mediates the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse, including those of morphine and other opiates. Drugs of abuse induce widespread alterations in gene transcription and dendritic spine morphology in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the NAc that ultimately influence NAc excitability and hence reward-related behavioral responses. Growing evidence indicates that within the NAc small GTPases are common intracellular targets of drugs of abuse where these molecules regulate drug-mediated transcriptional and spine morphogenic effects. The RhoA small GTPase is among the most well-characterized members of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases, and recent work highlights an important role for hippocampal RhoA in morphine-facilitated reward behavior. Despite this, it remains unclear how RhoA pathway signaling in the NAc is affected by withdrawal from morphine. To investigate this question, using subcellular fractionation and subsequent protein profiling we examined the expression of key components of the RhoA pathway in NAc nuclear, cytoplasmic, and synaptosomal compartments during multiple withdrawal periods from repeated morphine administration. Furthermore, using in vivo viral-mediated gene transfer, we determined the consequences of revealed RhoA pathway alterations on NAc MSN dendritic spine morphology. Our findings reveal an important role for RhoA signaling cascades in mediating the effects of long-term morphine withdrawal on NAc MSN dendritic spine elimination. OPEN PRACTICES Open Science: This manuscript was awarded with the Open Materials Badge. For more information see: https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Cahill
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Caleb J Browne
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Junshi Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter J Hamilton
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eric J Nestler
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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13
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Pentz R, Kaun C, Thaler B, Stojkovic S, Lenz M, Krychtiuk KA, Zuckermann A, Huber K, Wojta J, Hohensinner PJ, Demyanets S. Cardioprotective cytokine interleukin-33 is up-regulated by statins in human cardiac tissue. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:6122-6133. [PMID: 30216659 PMCID: PMC6237563 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)‐33 is a member of the IL‐1 family and is able to act cardioprotective. The aim of this study was to investigate the regulation of IL‐33 by 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme‐A (HMG‐CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) and bisphosphonates (BPs) in human cardiac tissue. The lipophilic fluvastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, and lovastatin as well as the nitrogenous BPs alendronate and ibandronate, but not hydrophilic pravastatin increased IL‐33 mRNA and intracellular IL‐33 protein levels in both human adult cardiac myocytes (HACM) and fibroblasts (HACF). Additionally, fluvastatin reduced soluble ST2 secretion from HACM. IL‐33 was also up‐regulated by the general inhibitor of prenylation perillic acid, a RhoA kinase inhibitor Y‐27632, and by latrunculin B, but statin‐induced IL‐33 expression was inhibited by mevalonate, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) and RhoA activator U‐46619. The IL‐33 promoter was 2.3‐fold more accessible in statin‐treated HACM compared to untreated cells (P = 0.037). In explanted hearts of statin‐treated patients IL‐33 protein was up‐regulated as compared with the hearts of non‐statin‐treated patients (P = 0.048). As IL‐33 was previously shown to exert cardioprotective effects, one could speculate that such up‐regulation of IL‐33 expression in human cardiac cells, which might happen mainly through protein geranylgeranylation, could be a novel mechanism contributing to known cardioprotective effects of statins and BPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Pentz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Kaun
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Thaler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Stojkovic
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Max Lenz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konstantin A Krychtiuk
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Kurt Huber
- 3rd Medical Department, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Wilhelminen Hospital, Vienna, Austria.,Medical Faculty, Sigmund Freud Private University, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Wojta
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria.,Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp J Hohensinner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Svitlana Demyanets
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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14
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Hikita T, Mirzapourshafiyi F, Barbacena P, Riddell M, Pasha A, Li M, Kawamura T, Brandes RP, Hirose T, Ohno S, Gerhardt H, Matsuda M, Franco CA, Nakayama M. PAR-3 controls endothelial planar polarity and vascular inflammation under laminar flow. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201745253. [PMID: 30018153 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201745253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired cell polarity is a hallmark of diseased tissue. In the cardiovascular system, laminar blood flow induces endothelial planar cell polarity, represented by elongated cell shape and asymmetric distribution of intracellular organelles along the axis of blood flow. Disrupted endothelial planar polarity is considered to be pro-inflammatory, suggesting that the establishment of endothelial polarity elicits an anti-inflammatory response. However, a causative relationship between polarity and inflammatory responses has not been firmly established. Here, we find that a cell polarity protein, PAR-3, is an essential gatekeeper of GSK3β activity in response to laminar blood flow. We show that flow-induced spatial distribution of PAR-3/aPKCλ and aPKCλ/GSK3β complexes controls local GSK3β activity and thereby regulates endothelial planar polarity. The spatial information for GSK3β activation is essential for flow-dependent polarity to the flow axis, but is not necessary for flow-induced anti-inflammatory response. Our results shed light on a novel relationship between endothelial polarity and vascular homeostasis highlighting avenues for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Hikita
- Laboratory for Cell Polarity and Organogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Mirzapourshafiyi
- Laboratory for Cell Polarity and Organogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Pedro Barbacena
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Meghan Riddell
- Laboratory for Cell Polarity and Organogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ayesha Pasha
- Laboratory for Cell Polarity and Organogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Mengnan Li
- Laboratory for Cell Polarity and Organogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Takuji Kawamura
- Laboratory for Cell Polarity and Organogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tomonori Hirose
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shigeo Ohno
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Holger Gerhardt
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michiyuki Matsuda
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Claudio A Franco
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Masanori Nakayama
- Laboratory for Cell Polarity and Organogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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15
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Cahill ME, Walker DM, Gancarz AM, Wang ZJ, Lardner CK, Bagot RC, Neve RL, Dietz DM, Nestler EJ. The dendritic spine morphogenic effects of repeated cocaine use occur through the regulation of serum response factor signaling. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1474-1486. [PMID: 28555077 PMCID: PMC5709273 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a primary brain reward region composed predominantly of medium spiny neurons (MSNs). In response to early withdrawal from repeated cocaine administration, de novo dendritic spine formation occurs in NAc MSNs. Much evidence indicates that this new spine formation facilitates the rewarding properties of cocaine. Early withdrawal from repeated cocaine also produces dramatic alterations in the transcriptome of NAc MSNs, but how such alterations influence cocaine's effects on dendritic spine formation remain unclear. Studies in non-neuronal cells indicate that actin cytoskeletal regulatory pathways in nuclei have a direct role in the regulation of gene transcription in part by controlling the access of co-activators to their transcription factor partners. In particular, actin state dictates the interaction between the serum response factor (SRF) transcription factor and one of its principal co-activators, MAL. Here we show that cocaine induces alterations in nuclear F-actin signaling pathways in the NAc with associated changes in the nuclear subcellular localization of SRF and MAL. Using in vivo optogenetics, the brain region-specific inputs to the NAc that mediate these nuclear changes are investigated. Finally, we demonstrate that regulated SRF expression, in turn, is critical for the effects of cocaine on dendritic spine formation and for cocaine-mediated behavioral sensitization. Collectively, these findings reveal a mechanism by which nuclear-based changes influence the structure of NAc MSNs in response to cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- ME Cahill
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - DM Walker
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - AM Gancarz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Research Institute on Addictions, Program in Neuroscience, State University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - ZJ Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Research Institute on Addictions, Program in Neuroscience, State University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - CK Lardner
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - RC Bagot
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - RL Neve
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - DM Dietz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Research Institute on Addictions, Program in Neuroscience, State University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - EJ Nestler
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Zhang R, Elkhooly TA, Huang Q, Liu X, Yang X, Yan H, Xiong Z, Ma J, Feng Q, Shen Z. Effects of the hierarchical macro/mesoporous structure on the osteoblast-like cell response. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Tarek A. Elkhooly
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Department of Ceramics; Inorganic Chemical Industries Division, National Research Center; Cairo 12622 Egypt
| | - Qianli Huang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Xujie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Hao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Zhiyuan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Qingling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Zhijian Shen
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory; Stockholm University; Stockholm S-106 91 Sweden
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17
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Tsoyi K, Chu SG, Patino-Jaramillo NG, Wilder J, Villalba J, Doyle-Eisele M, McDonald J, Liu X, El-Chemaly S, Perrella MA, Rosas IO. Syndecan-2 Attenuates Radiation-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis and Inhibits Fibroblast Activation by Regulating PI3K/Akt/ROCK Pathway via CD148. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:208-215. [PMID: 28886261 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0088oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis is a severe complication of patients treated with thoracic irradiation. We have previously shown that syndecan-2 reduces fibrosis by exerting alveolar epithelial cytoprotective effects. Here, we investigate whether syndecan-2 attenuates radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting fibroblast activation. C57BL/6 wild-type mice and transgenic mice that overexpress human syndecan-2 in alveolar macrophages were exposed to 14 Gy whole-thoracic radiation. At 24 weeks after irradiation, lungs were collected for histological, protein, and mRNA evaluation of pulmonary fibrosis, profibrotic gene expression, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression. Mouse lung fibroblasts were activated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in the presence or absence of syndecan-2. Cell proliferation, migration, and gel contraction were assessed at different time points. Irradiation resulted in significantly increased mortality and pulmonary fibrosis in wild-type mice that was associated with elevated lung expression of TGF-β1 downstream target genes and cell death compared with irradiated syndecan-2 transgenic mice. In mouse lung fibroblasts, syndecan-2 inhibited α-SMA expression, cell contraction, proliferation, and migration induced by TGF-β1. Syndecan-2 attenuated phosphoinositide 3-kinase/serine/threonine kinase/Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase signaling and serum response factor binding to the α-SMA promoter. Syndecan-2 attenuates pulmonary fibrosis in mice exposed to radiation and inhibits TGF-β1-induced fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation, migration, and proliferation by down-regulating phosphoinositide 3-kinase/serine/threonine kinase/Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase signaling and blocking serum response factor binding to the α-SMA promoter via CD148. These findings suggest that syndecan-2 has potential as an antifibrotic therapy in radiation-induced lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Tsoyi
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Sarah G Chu
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | | | - Julie Wilder
- 2 Pulmonary Fibrosis Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Julian Villalba
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and.,2 Pulmonary Fibrosis Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Melanie Doyle-Eisele
- 2 Pulmonary Fibrosis Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Jacob McDonald
- 2 Pulmonary Fibrosis Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Souheil El-Chemaly
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Mark A Perrella
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Ivan O Rosas
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and.,2 Pulmonary Fibrosis Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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18
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Dai X, Thiagarajan D, Fang J, Shen J, Annam NP, Yang Z, Jiang H, Ju D, Xie Y, Zhang K, Tseng YY, Yang Z, Rishi AK, Li HJ, Yang M, Li L. SM22α suppresses cytokine-induced inflammation and the transcription of NF-κB inducing kinase (Nik) by modulating SRF transcriptional activity in vascular smooth muscle cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0190191. [PMID: 29284006 PMCID: PMC5746259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic modulation is characterized by the downregulation of SMC actin cytoskeleton proteins. Our published study shows that depletion of SM22α (aka SM22, Transgelin, an actin cytoskeleton binding protein) promotes inflammation in SMCs by activating NF-κB signal pathways both in cultured VSMCs and in response to vascular injury. The goal of this study is to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms whereby SM22 suppresses NF-κB signaling pathways under inflammatory condition. NF-κB inducing kinase (Nik, aka MAP3K14, activated by the LTβR) is a key upstream regulator of NF-κB signal pathways. Here, we show that SM22 overexpression suppresses the expression of NIK and its downstream NF-κB canonical and noncanonical signal pathways in a VSMC line treated with a LTβR agonist. SM22 regulates NIK expression at both transcriptional and the proteasome-mediated post-translational levels in VSMCs depending on the culture condition. By qPCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays, we found that Nik is a transcription target of serum response factor (SRF). Although SM22 is known to be expressed in the cytoplasm, we found that SM22 is also expressed in the nucleus where SM22 interacts with SRF to inhibit the transcription of Nik and prototypical SRF regulated genes including c-fos and Egr3. Moreover, carotid injury increases NIK expression in Sm22-/- mice, which is partially relieved by adenovirally transduced SM22. These findings reveal for the first time that SM22 is expressed in the nucleus in addition to the cytoplasm of VSMCs to regulate the transcription of Nik and its downstream proinflammatory NF-kB signal pathways as a modulator of SRF during vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Dai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Devi Thiagarajan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jingye Fang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jianbin Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Neeraja Priyanka Annam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Zhao Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Donghong Ju
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Youming Xie
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yan Yuan Tseng
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Arun K. Rishi
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Hui J. Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Maozhou Yang
- Bone and Joint Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Li Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
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19
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Ma R, Gong X, Jiang H, Lin C, Chen Y, Xu X, Zhang C, Wang J, Lu W, Zhong N. Reduced nuclear translocation of serum response factor is associated with skeletal muscle atrophy in a cigarette smoke-induced mouse model of COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:581-587. [PMID: 28260872 PMCID: PMC5327903 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s109243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy and dysfunction are common complications in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Serum response factor (SRF) is a transcription factor which is critical in myocyte differentiation and growth. In this study, we established a mouse COPD model induced by cigarette smoking (CS) exposure for 24 weeks, with apparent pathophysiological changes, including increased airway resistance, enlarged alveoli, and skeletal muscle atrophy. Levels of upstream regulators of SRF, striated muscle activator of Rho signaling (STARS), and ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA) were decreased in quadriceps muscle of COPD mice. Meanwhile, the nucleic location of SRF was diminished along with its cytoplasmic accumulation. There was a downregulation of the target muscle-specific gene, Igf1. These results suggest that the CS is one of the major causes for COPD pathogenesis, which induces the COPD-associated skeletal muscle atrophy which is closely related to decreasing SRF nucleic translocation, consequently downregulating the SRF target genes involved in muscle growth and nutrition. The STARS/RhoA signaling pathway might contribute to this course by impacting SRF subcellular distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Ma
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefang Gong
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyi Lin
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenting Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenju Lu
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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20
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Rindom E, Vissing K. Mechanosensitive Molecular Networks Involved in Transducing Resistance Exercise-Signals into Muscle Protein Accretion. Front Physiol 2016; 7:547. [PMID: 27909410 PMCID: PMC5112233 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of skeletal muscle myofibrillar protein with disease and/or inactivity can severely deteriorate muscle strength and function. Strategies to counteract wasting of muscle myofibrillar protein are therefore desirable and invite for considerations on the potential superiority of specific modes of resistance exercise and/or the adequacy of low load resistance exercise regimens as well as underlying mechanisms. In this regard, delineation of the potentially mechanosensitive molecular mechanisms underlying muscle protein synthesis (MPS), may contribute to an understanding on how differentiated resistance exercise can transduce a mechanical signal into stimulation of muscle accretion. Recent findings suggest specific upstream exercise-induced mechano-sensitive myocellular signaling pathways to converge on mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), to influence MPS. This may e.g. implicate mechanical activation of signaling through a diacylglycerol kinase (DGKζ)-phosphatidic acid (PA) axis or implicate integrin deformation to signal through a Focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 (TSC2)-Ras homolog enriched in brain (Rheb) axis. Moreover, since initiation of translation is reliant on mRNA, it is also relevant to consider potentially mechanosensitive signaling pathways involved in muscle myofibrillar gene transcription and whether some of these pathways converge with those affecting mTORC1 activation for MPS. In this regard, recent findings suggest how mechanical stress may implicate integrin deformation and/or actin dynamics to signal through a Ras homolog gene family member A protein (RhoA)-striated muscle activator of Rho signaling (STARS) axis or implicate deformation of Notch to affect Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling through a small mother of decapentaplegic (Smad) axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Rindom
- Section of Sport Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark
| | - Kristian Vissing
- Section of Sport Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark
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21
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Duan Y, Long J, Chen J, Jiang X, Zhu J, Jin Y, Lin F, Zhong J, Xu R, Mao L, Deng L. Overexpression of soluble ADAM33 promotes a hypercontractile phenotype of the airway smooth muscle cell in rat. Exp Cell Res 2016; 349:109-118. [PMID: 27720670 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 33 (ADAM33) has been identified as a susceptibility gene for asthma, but details of the causality are not fully understood. We hypothesize that soluble ADAM33 (sADAM33) overexpression can alter the mechanical behaviors of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) via regulation of the cell's contractile phenotype, and thus contributes to airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in asthma. To test this hypothesis, we either overexpressed or knocked down the sADAM33 in rat ASMCs by transfecting the cells with sADAM33 coding sequence or a small interfering RNA (siRNA) that specifically targets the ADAM33 disintegrin domain, and subsequently assessed the cells for stiffness, contractility and traction force, together with the expression level of contractile and proliferative phenotype markers. We also investigated whether these changes were dependent on Rho/ROCK pathway by culturing the ASMCs either in the absence or presence of ROCK inhibitor (H1152). The results showed that the ASMCs with sADAM33 overexpression were stiffer and more contractile, generated greater traction force, exhibited increased expression levels of contractile phenotype markers and markedly enhanced Rho activation. Furthermore these changes were largely attenuated when the cells were cultured in the presence of H-1152. However, the knock-down of ADAM33 seemed insufficient to influence majority of the mechanical behaviors of the ASMCs. Taken together, we demonstrated that sADAM33 overexpression altered the mechanical behaviors of ASMCs in vitro, which was most likely by promoting a hypercontractile phenotype transition of ASMCs through Rho/ROCK pathway. This revelation may establish the previously missing link between ADAM33 expression and AHR, and also provide useful insight for targeting sADAM33 in asthma prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, and Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Jiaoyue Long
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, and Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, and Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, and Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, and Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, and Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, and Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Jun Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, and Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Rong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, and Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Lizheng Mao
- Jiangsu Asialand Biomed-Technology Co. Ltd., Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Linhong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, and Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400030, China; Changzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China.
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22
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Kumawat K, Koopmans T, Menzen MH, Prins A, Smit M, Halayko AJ, Gosens R. Cooperative signaling by TGF-β1 and WNT-11 drives sm-α-actin expression in smooth muscle via Rho kinase-actin-MRTF-A signaling. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L529-37. [PMID: 27422998 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00387.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle (ASM) remodeling is a key feature in asthma and includes changes in smooth muscle-specific gene and protein expression. Despite this being a major contributor to asthma pathobiology, our understanding of the mechanisms governing ASM remodeling remains poor. Here, we studied the functional interaction between WNT-11 and TGF-β1 in ASM cells. We demonstrate that WNT-11 is preferentially expressed in contractile myocytes and is strongly upregulated following TGF-β1-induced myocyte maturation. Knock-down of WNT-11 attenuated TGF-β1-induced smooth muscle (sm)-α-actin expression in ASM cells. We demonstrate that TGF-β1-induced sm-α-actin expression is mediated by WNT-11 via RhoA activation and subsequent actin cytoskeletal remodeling, as pharmacological inhibition of either Rho kinase by Y27632 or actin remodeling by latrunculin A attenuated sm-α-actin induction. Moreover, we show that TGF-β1 regulates the nuclear expression of myocardin-related transcription factor-A (MRTF-A) in a Rho kinase-dependent fashion, which in turn mediates sm-α-actin expression. Finally, we demonstrate that TGF-β1-induced MRTF-A nuclear translocation is dependent on endogenous WNT-11. The present study thus demonstrates a WNT-11-dependent Rho kinase-actin-MRTF-A signaling axis that regulates the expression of sm-α-actin in ASM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Kumawat
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Tim Koopmans
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Mark H Menzen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Alita Prins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Smit
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Andrew J Halayko
- Departments of Physiology and Pathophysiology & Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, the Netherlands; and
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Palomino-Morales R, Torres C, Perales S, Linares A, Alejandre MJ. Inhibition of extracellular matrix production and remodeling by doxycycline in smooth muscle cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2016; 132:218-223. [PMID: 27107823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the extracellular matrix (ECM) production and remodeling of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) have been implicated in processes related to the differentiation in atherosclerosis. Due to the anti-atherosclerotic properties of the tetracyclines, we aimed to investigate whether cholesterol supplementation changes the effect of doxycycline over the ECM proteins synthesis and whether isoprenylated proteins and Rho A protein activation are affected. SMC primary culture isolated from chicks exposed to atherogenic factors in vivo (a cholesterol-rich diet, SMC-Ch), comparing it with control cultures isolated after a standard diet (SMC-C). After treatment with 20 nM doxycycline, [H3]-proline and [H3]-mevalonate incorporation were used to measure the synthesis of collagen and isoprenylated proteins, respectively. Real-time PCR was assessed to determine col1a2, col2a1, col3a1, fibronectin, and mmp2 gene expression and the pull-down technique was applied to determine the Rho A activation state. A higher synthesis of collagens and isoprenylated proteins in SMC-Ch than in SMC-C was determined showing that doxycycline inhibits ECM production and remodeling in both SMC types of cultures. Moreover, preliminary results about the effect of doxycycline on protein isoprenylation and Rho A protein activation led us to discuss the possibility that membrane G-protein activation pathways could mediate the molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogelio Palomino-Morales
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Universitario de Fuentenueva Avenida Severo Ochoa s/n 18071, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Carolina Torres
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Universitario de Fuentenueva Avenida Severo Ochoa s/n 18071, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Sonia Perales
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Universitario de Fuentenueva Avenida Severo Ochoa s/n 18071, University of Granada, Spain.
| | - Ana Linares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Universitario de Fuentenueva Avenida Severo Ochoa s/n 18071, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Alejandre
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Universitario de Fuentenueva Avenida Severo Ochoa s/n 18071, University of Granada, Spain
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Pandey P, Mohammad G, Singh Y, Pasha MAQ. Polymorphisms and haplotype of ROCK2 associate with high altitude essential hypertension in native high altitude Ladakhi Indian population: a preliminary study. Clin Exp Hypertens 2016; 38:238-44. [PMID: 26818475 DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2015.1081231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES High-altitude essential hypertension (HAEH) is a disease occurring in permanent residents of high-altitude regions. The disease is characterized with SBP ≥140 mmHg and DBP ≥90 mmHg. HAEH is known to run in families, i.e. the disease has genetic component. Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) is a stress-activated serine-threonine kinase known to disturb vascular-homeostasis leading to an increase in systemic vascular resistance, hallmark of HAEH. ROCK2 is implicated in sea-level essential hypertension but its role in HAEH is yet to be elucidated. METHODS The present study deals with genotyping 13 polymorphisms of ROCK2 gene in demographicaly matched human cases (n = 65) and controls (n = 38) by Sequenom MS (TOF)-based MassARRAY platform using iPLEX Gold technology. RESULTS A significant association was observed for GG genotype (SNP, rs978906), AA genotype (SNP, rs6753921), GG genotype (SNP, rs10495582) and AA genotype (SNP, rs2230774) with HAEH (p < 0.05). The 4 SNPs were tagged to each other and formed a 35 kb LD block (r(2 )> 0.90). Haplotype AGCC, composed of wild-type alleles of the SNPs was over represented in controls. In contrast, haplotype GAGA, composed of variant-alleles was observed to be in higher proportion in cases. Moreover, SBP levels (mmHg) were higher in cases with risk genotype against the ones having protective genotype (p = 0.05). Bioinformatic analysis revealed binding of a critical transcription factor, SRF to variant-allele G of SNP rs10495582. SRF has been reported in previous studies to promote ROCK2 transcriptional expression. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS The data clearly suggests association of ROCK2 polymorphisms and haplotypes with HAEH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Pandey
- a CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Delhi , India .,b Department of Biotechnology , University of Pune , Ganeshkhind , Pune , Maharashtra , India , and
| | - Ghulam Mohammad
- c Department of Medicine , SNM Hospital , Leh, Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir , India
| | - Yogendra Singh
- a CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Delhi , India .,b Department of Biotechnology , University of Pune , Ganeshkhind , Pune , Maharashtra , India , and
| | - M A Qadar Pasha
- a CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Delhi , India .,b Department of Biotechnology , University of Pune , Ganeshkhind , Pune , Maharashtra , India , and
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25
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Bhattacharjee D, Chogtu B, Magazine R. Statins in Asthma: Potential Beneficial Effects and Limitations. Pulm Med 2015; 2015:835204. [PMID: 26618001 PMCID: PMC4651730 DOI: 10.1155/2015/835204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma's sustenance as a global pandemic, across centuries, can be attributed to the lack of an understanding of its workings and the inability of the existing treatment modalities to provide a long lasting cure without major adverse effects. The discovery of statins boosted by a better comprehension of the pathophysiology of asthma in the past few decades has opened up a potentially alternative line of treatment that promises to be a big boon for the asthmatics globally. However, the initial excellent results from the preclinical and animal studies have not borne the results in clinical trials that the scientific world was hoping for. In light of this, this review analyzes the ways by which statins could benefit in asthma via their pleiotropic anti-inflammatory properties and explain some of the queries raised in the previous studies and provide recommendations for future studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Bhattacharjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Bharti Chogtu
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Rahul Magazine
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India
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26
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Su Y, Fu Y, Zhang H, Shi Z, Zhang J, Gao L. Identification and expression of SRF targeted by miR-133a during early development of Paralichthys olivaceus. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:1093-1104. [PMID: 26036211 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Serum response factor (SRF) is a MADS-box transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes involved in development, metabolism, cell proliferation, and differentiation. In the present study, we cloned the full-length SRF cDNA which includes the coding region of 1503 bp, a 573-bp 5'untranslated region (UTR) and a 400-bp 3'-UTR. The deduced 501 amino acid sequence of the SRF protein contained a MADS domain and NLS at the N terminus, similar to other organisms, and it also is highly phylogenetically conserved. SRF mRNA is ubiquitously expressed in various tissues, with the highest level in the kidneys, and it is also highly expressed during the embryonic and metamorphic stages. During metamorphosis, the SRF mRNA levels are down-regulated by exogenous thyroid hormone (TH) at 17 dph and by thiourea (TU) at 29, 36, and 41 dph, whereas SRF mRNA levels were significantly up-regulated by the added exogenous TH to the TU-treated larvae at 41 dph, which indicates that thyroid hormone is essential for expression of SRF mRNA, so, higher levels of TH did not result in changes of SRF mRNA levels, while TH deficiency or inhibited by the non-specific TU toxicity cause down-regulation of SRF mRNA, which indicated that TH can indirectly affect the SRF mRNA levels. Meanwhile, using a luciferase reporter assay, we verified that SRF is a common target gene of miR-133a which is a muscle-specific microRNA (miRNA), which indicated that SRF may be involved in the signaling pathway of miRNA that regulates muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Su
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, 999, Hu-Cheng-Huan Road, Lingang New City, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yuanshuai Fu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, 999, Hu-Cheng-Huan Road, Lingang New City, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, 999, Hu-Cheng-Huan Road, Lingang New City, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhiyi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, 999, Hu-Cheng-Huan Road, Lingang New City, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Junling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, 999, Hu-Cheng-Huan Road, Lingang New City, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Lina Gao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, 999, Hu-Cheng-Huan Road, Lingang New City, Shanghai, 201306, China
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27
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Pei C, Qin S, Wang M, Zhang S. Regulatory mechanism of human vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic transformation induced by NELIN. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:7310-6. [PMID: 26458985 PMCID: PMC4626202 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular disorders, including hypertension, atherosclerosis and restenosis, arise from dysregulation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) differentiation, which can be controlled by regulatory factors. The present study investigated the regulatory mechanism of the phenotypic transformation of human VSMCs by NELIN in order to evaluate its potential as a preventive and therapeutic of vascular disorders. An in vitro model of NELIN-overexpressing VSMCs was prepared by transfection with a lentiviral (LV) vector (NELIN-VSMCs) and NELIN was slienced using an a lentiviral vector with small interfering (si)RNA in another group (LV-NELIN-siRNA-VSMCs). The effects of NELIN overexpression or knockdown on the phenotypic transformation of human VSMCs were observed, and its regulatory mechanism was studied. Compared with the control group, cells in the NELIN-VSMCs group presented a contractile phenotype with a significant increase of NELIN mRNA, NELIN protein, smooth muscle (SM)α-actin and total Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) protein expression. The intra-nuclear translocation of SMα-actin-serum response factor (SMα-actin-SRF) occurred in these cells simultaneously. Following exposure to Rho kinsase inhibitor Y-27632, SRF and SMα-actin expression decreased. However, cells in the LV-NELIN-siRNA-VSMCs group presented a synthetic phenotype, and the expression of NELIN mRNA, NELIN protein, SMα-actin protein and total RhoA protein was decreased. The occurrence of SRF extra-nuclear translocation was observed. In conclusion, the present study suggested that NELIN was able to activate regulatory factors of SMα-actin, RhoA and SRF successively in human VSMCs cultured in vitro. Furthermore, NELIN-induced phenotypic transformation of human VSMCs was regulated via the RhoA/SRF signaling pathway. The results of the present study provide a foundation for the use of NELIN in preventive and therapeutic treatment of vascular remodeling diseases, including varicosity and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changan Pei
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Shiyong Qin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Minghai Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Shuguang Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
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28
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Ravindra KC, Ho WE, Cheng C, Godoy LC, Wishnok JS, Ong CN, Wong WSF, Wogan GN, Tannenbaum SR. Untargeted Proteomics and Systems-Based Mechanistic Investigation of Artesunate in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:1903-13. [PMID: 26340163 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The antimalarial drug artesunate is a semisynthetic derivative of artemisinin, the principal active component of a medicinal plant Artemisia annua. It is hypothesized to attenuate allergic asthma via inhibition of multiple signaling pathways. We used a comprehensive approach to elucidate the mechanism of action of artesunate by designing a novel biotinylated dihydroartemisinin (BDHA) to identify cellular protein targets of this anti-inflammatory drug. By adopting an untargeted proteomics approach, we demonstrated that artesunate may exert its protective anti-inflammatory effects via direct interaction with multiple proteins, most importantly with a number of mitochondrial enzymes related to glucose and energy metabolism, along with mRNA and gene expression, ribosomal regulation, stress responses, and structural proteins. In addition, the modulatory effects of artesunate on various cellular transcription factors were investigated using a transcription factor array, which revealed that artesunate can simultaneously modulate multiple nuclear transcription factors related to several major pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling cascades in human bronchial epithelial cells. Artesunate significantly enhanced nuclear levels of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a key promoter of antioxidant mechanisms, which is inhibited by the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). Our results demonstrate that, like other electrophilic Nrf2 regulators, artesunate activates this system via direct molecular interaction/modification of Keap1, freeing Nrf2 for transcriptional activity. Altogether, the molecular interactions and modulation of nuclear transcription factors provide invaluable insights into the broad pharmacological actions of artesunate in inflammatory lung diseases and related inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodihalli C Ravindra
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Wanxing Eugene Ho
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore , Singapore 119228.,Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) , Singapore 138602
| | - Chang Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital , Singapore 169608.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore 119228
| | - Luiz C Godoy
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John S Wishnok
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore , Singapore 119228
| | - W S Fred Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore 119228
| | - Gerald N Wogan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Steven R Tannenbaum
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) , Singapore 138602
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29
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Cotecchia S, Del Vescovo CD, Colella M, Caso S, Diviani D. The alpha1-adrenergic receptors in cardiac hypertrophy: signaling mechanisms and functional implications. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1984-93. [PMID: 26169957 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is a complex remodeling process of the heart induced by physiological or pathological stimuli resulting in increased cardiomyocyte size and myocardial mass. Whereas cardiac hypertrophy can be an adaptive mechanism to stressful conditions of the heart, prolonged hypertrophy can lead to heart failure which represents the primary cause of human morbidity and mortality. Among G protein-coupled receptors, the α1-adrenergic receptors (α1-ARs) play an important role in the development of cardiac hypertrophy as demonstrated by numerous studies in the past decades, both in primary cardiomyocyte cultures and genetically modified mice. The results of these studies have provided evidence of a large variety of α1-AR-induced signaling events contributing to the defining molecular and cellular features of cardiac hypertrophy. Recently, novel signaling mechanisms have been identified and new hypotheses have emerged concerning the functional role of the α1-adrenergic receptors in the heart. This review will summarize the main signaling pathways activated by the α1-AR in the heart and their functional implications in cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Cotecchia
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Cosmo Damiano Del Vescovo
- Department de Pharmacologie et de de Toxicologie, Université de Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 27, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matilde Colella
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Caso
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; Department de Pharmacologie et de de Toxicologie, Université de Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 27, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dario Diviani
- Department de Pharmacologie et de de Toxicologie, Université de Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 27, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Anping Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China (A.C., Y.Z., L.L.)
| | - Yingling Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China (A.C., Y.Z., L.L.)
| | - Liwen Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China (A.C., Y.Z., L.L.)
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Chevigny M, Guérin-Montpetit K, Vargas A, Lefebvre-Lavoie J, Lavoie JP. Contribution of SRF, Elk-1, and myocardin to airway smooth muscle remodeling in heaves, an asthma-like disease of horses. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L37-45. [PMID: 25979077 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00050.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy contribute to the increased mass of airway smooth muscle (ASM) in asthma. Serum-response factor (SRF) is a transcription factor that regulates myocyte differentiation in vitro in vascular and intestinal smooth muscles. When SRF is associated with phosphorylated (p)Elk-1, it promotes ASM proliferation while binding to myocardin (MYOCD) leading to the expression of contractile elements in these tissues. The objective of this study was therefore to characterize the expression of SRF, pElk-1, and MYOCD in ASM cells from central and peripheral airways in heaves, a spontaneously occurring asthma-like disease of horses, and in controls. Six horses with heaves and five aged-matched controls kept in the same environment were studied. Nuclear protein expression of SRF, pElk-1, and MYOCD was evaluated in peripheral airways and endobronchial biopsies obtained during disease remission and after 1 and 30 days of naturally occurring antigenic exposure using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence techniques. Nuclear expression of SRF (P = 0.03, remission vs. 30 days) and MYOCD (P = 0.05, controls vs. heaves at 30 days) increased in the peripheral airways of horses with heaves during disease exacerbation, while MYOCD (P = 0.04, remission vs. 30 days) decreased in the central airways of control horses. No changes were observed in the expression of pElk-1 protein in either tissue. In conclusion, SRF and its cofactor MYOCD likely contribute to the hypertrophy of peripheral ASM observed in equine asthmatic airways, while the remodeling of the central airways is more static or involves different transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène Chevigny
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karine Guérin-Montpetit
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amandine Vargas
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Josiane Lefebvre-Lavoie
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Lavoie
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
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Pebworth MP, Cismas SA, Asuri P. A novel 2.5D culture platform to investigate the role of stiffness gradients on adhesion-independent cell migration. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110453. [PMID: 25310593 PMCID: PMC4195729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Current studies investigating the role of biophysical cues on cell migration focus on the use of culture platforms with static material parameters. However, migrating cells invivo often encounter spatial variations in extracellular matrix stiffness. To better understand the effects of stiffness gradients on cell migration, we developed a 2.5D cell culture platform where cells are sandwiched between stiff tissue culture plastic and soft alginate hydrogel. Under these conditions, we observed migration of cells from the underlying stiff substrate into the alginate matrix. Observation of migration into alginate in the presence of integrin inhibition as well as qualitative microscopic analyses suggested an adhesion-independent cell migration mode. Observed migration was dependent on alginate matrix stiffness and the RhoA-ROCK-myosin-II pathway; inhibitors specifically targeting ROCK and myosin-II arrested cell migration. Collectively, these results demonstrate the utility of the 2.5D culture platform to advance our understanding of the effects of stiffness gradients and mechanotransductive signaling on adhesion-independent cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark-Phillip Pebworth
- Department of Bioengineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, United States of America
| | - Sabrina A. Cismas
- Department of Bioengineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, United States of America
| | - Prashanth Asuri
- Department of Bioengineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Noble PB, Pascoe CD, Lan B, Ito S, Kistemaker LEM, Tatler AL, Pera T, Brook BS, Gosens R, West AR. Airway smooth muscle in asthma: linking contraction and mechanotransduction to disease pathogenesis and remodelling. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2014; 29:96-107. [PMID: 25062835 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is an obstructive airway disease, with a heterogeneous and multifactorial pathogenesis. Although generally considered to be a disease principally driven by chronic inflammation, it is becoming increasingly recognised that the immune component of the pathology poorly correlates with the clinical symptoms of asthma, thus highlighting a potentially central role for non-immune cells. In this context airway smooth muscle (ASM) may be a key player, as it comprises a significant proportion of the airway wall and is the ultimate effector of acute airway narrowing. Historically, the contribution of ASM to asthma pathogenesis has been contentious, yet emerging evidence suggests that ASM contractile activation imparts chronic effects that extend well beyond the temporary effects of bronchoconstriction. In this review article we describe the effects that ASM contraction, in combination with cellular mechanotransduction and novel contraction-inflammation synergies, contribute to asthma pathogenesis. Specific emphasis will be placed on the effects that ASM contraction exerts on the mechanical properties of the airway wall, as well as novel mechanisms by which ASM contraction may contribute to more established features of asthma such as airway wall remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Noble
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, WA, Australia
| | - Chris D Pascoe
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Bo Lan
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada; Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Satoru Ito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Loes E M Kistemaker
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda L Tatler
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tonio Pera
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bindi S Brook
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adrian R West
- Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, MB, Canada; Biology of Breathing, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, MB, Canada.
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Keenan CR, Mok JS, Harris T, Xia Y, Salem S, Stewart AG. Bronchial epithelial cells are rendered insensitive to glucocorticoid transactivation by transforming growth factor-β1. Respir Res 2014; 15:55. [PMID: 24886104 PMCID: PMC4021546 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-15-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously shown that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) impairs glucocorticoid (GC) function in pulmonary epithelial cell-lines. However, the signalling cascade leading to this impairment is unknown. In the present study, we provide the first evidence that TGF-beta impairs GC action in differentiated primary air-liquid interface (ALI) human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). Using the BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cell line, we also present a systematic examination of the known pathways activated by TGF-beta, in order to ascertain the molecular mechanism through which TGF-beta impairs epithelial GC action. Methods GC transactivation was measured using a Glucocorticoid Response Element (GRE)–Secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter and measuring GC-inducible gene expression by qRT-PCR. GC transrepression was measured by examining GC regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators. TGF-beta signalling pathways were investigated using siRNA and small molecule kinase inhibitors. GRα level, phosphorylation and sub-cellular localisation were determined by western blotting, immunocytochemistry and localisation of GRα–Yellow Fluorescent Protein (YFP). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM for n independent experiments in cell lines, or for experiments on primary HBEC cells from n individual donors. All data were statistically analysed using GraphPad Prism 5.0 (Graphpad, San Diego, CA). In most cases, two-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used to analyse the data. In all cases, P <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results TGF-beta impaired Glucocorticoid Response Element (GRE) activation and the GC induction of several anti-inflammatory genes, but did not broadly impair the regulation of pro-inflammatory gene expression in A549 and BEAS-2B cell lines. TGF-beta-impairment of GC transactivation was also observed in differentiated primary HBECs. The TGF-beta receptor (ALK5) inhibitor SB431541 fully prevented the GC transactivation impairment in the BEAS-2B cell line. However, neither inhibitors of the known downstream non-canonical signalling pathways, nor knocking down Smad4 by siRNA prevented the TGF-beta impairment of GC activity. Conclusions Our results indicate that TGF-beta profoundly impairs GC transactivation in bronchial epithelial cells through activating ALK5, but not through known non-canonical pathways, nor through Smad4-dependent signalling, suggesting that TGF-beta may impair GC action through a novel non-canonical signalling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alastair G Stewart
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Grattan St,, Parkville, VIC Australia.
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Nordgren TM, Wyatt TA, Sweeter J, Bailey KL, Poole JA, Heires AJ, Sisson JH, Romberger DJ. Motile cilia harbor serum response factor as a mechanism of environment sensing and injury response in the airway. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 306:L829-39. [PMID: 24610937 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00364.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonmotile primary cilia are recognized as important sensory organelles during development and normal biological functioning. For example, recent work demonstrates that transcriptional regulators of the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway localize to primary cilia and participate in sensing and transducing signals regarding the cellular environment. In contrast, motile cilia are traditionally viewed as mechanical machinery, vital for the movement of solutes and clearance of bacteria and debris, but not participants in cellular sensing and signaling mechanisms. Recently, motile cilia were found to harbor receptors responsible for sensing and responding to environmental stimuli. However, no transcription factors are known to be regulated by cilia localization as a sensing mechanism in vertebrates. Using a mouse model of organic dust-induced airway inflammation, we found that the transcription factor serum response factor (SRF) localizes to motile cilia of airway epithelial cells and alters its localization in response to inflammatory stimuli. Furthermore, inhibition of SRF signaling using the small molecule CCG-1423 reduces organic dust-induced IL-8 release from bronchial epithelial cells and stimulates cilia beat frequency in ciliated mouse tracheal epithelial cells. Immunohistochemical analyses reveal that SRF localizes to the cilia of mouse brain ependymal and ovarian epithelial cells as well. These data reveal a novel mechanism by which a transcription factor localizes to motile cilia and modulates cell activities including cilia motility and inflammation response. These data challenge current dogma regarding motile cilia functioning and may lead to significant contributions in understanding motile ciliary signaling dynamics, as well as mechanisms involving SRF-mediated responses to inflammation and injury.
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Lamon S, Wallace MA, Russell AP. The STARS signaling pathway: a key regulator of skeletal muscle function. Pflugers Arch 2014; 466:1659-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1475-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Dvorakova M, Nenutil R, Bouchal P. Transgelins, cytoskeletal proteins implicated in different aspects of cancer development. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 11:149-65. [PMID: 24476357 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2014.860358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Transgelin is an abundant protein of smooth muscle cells, where its role has been primarily studied. As a protein affecting dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton via stabilization of actin filaments, transgelin is both directly and indirectly involved in many cancer-related processes such as migration, proliferation, differentiation or apoptosis. Transgelin was previously reviewed as a tumor suppressor; however, recent data based on a number of proteomics studies indicate its pro-tumorigenic role, for example, in colorectal or hepatocellular cancer. We summarize these contradictory observations in both clinical and functional proteomics projects and analyze the role of transgelin in tumors in detail. Generally, the expression and biological role of transgelin seem to differ among various types of tumor cells and stroma, and possibly change during tumor progression. We also overview the recent data on transgelin-2, a sequence homolog of transgelin, whose role in the tumor development might be contradictory to the role of transgelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dvorakova
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Brno, Czech Republic
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The transcription factor serum response factor stimulates axon regeneration through cytoplasmic localization and cofilin interaction. J Neurosci 2014; 33:18836-48. [PMID: 24285890 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3029-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonal injury generates growth inert retraction bulbs with dynamic cytoskeletal properties that are severely compromised. Conversion of "frozen" retraction bulbs into actively progressing growth cones is a major aim in axon regeneration. Here we report that murine serum response factor (SRF), a gene regulator linked to the actin cytoskeleton, modulates growth cone actin dynamics during axon regeneration. In regeneration-competent facial motoneurons, Srf deletion inhibited axonal regeneration. In wild-type mice after nerve injury, SRF translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, suggesting a cytoplasmic SRF function in axonal regeneration. Indeed, adenoviral overexpression of cytoplasmic SRF (SRF-ΔNLS-GFP) stimulated axonal sprouting and facial nerve regeneration in vivo. In primary central and peripheral neurons, SRF-ΔNLS-GFP stimulated neurite outgrowth, branch formation, and growth cone morphology. Furthermore, we uncovered a link between SRF and the actin-severing factor cofilin during axonal regeneration in vivo. Facial nerve axotomy increased the total cofilin abundance and also nuclear localization of phosphorylated cofilin in a subpopulation of lesioned motoneurons. This cytoplasmic-to-nucleus translocation of P-cofilin upon axotomy was reduced in motoneurons expressing SRF-ΔNLS-GFP. Finally, we demonstrate that cytoplasmic SRF and cofilin formed a reciprocal regulatory unit. Overexpression of cytoplasmic SRF reduced cofilin phosphorylation and vice versa: overexpression of cofilin inhibited SRF phosphorylation. Therefore, a regulatory loop consisting of SRF and cofilin might take part in reactivating actin dynamics in growth-inert retraction bulbs and facilitating axon regeneration.
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Xiang Z, Qu F, Qi L, Zhang Y, Xiao S, Yu Z. A novel ortholog of serum response factor (SRF) with immune defense function identified in Crassostrea hongkongensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 36:75-82. [PMID: 24161761 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Serum response factor (SRF) function is essential for transcriptional regulation of numerous growth-factor-inducible genes and triggers proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of the cells. In this report, the first mollusk serum response factor like homolog gene (designated ChSRF) was identified and characterized from the Hong Kong oyster, Crassostrea hongkongensis. The full-length cDNA of ChSRF was 1716 bp in length and encodes a putative protein of 434 amino acids respectively, and shares the MADS domain at the N-terminal. ChSRF is ubiquitously expressed in various tissues, with the highest expression level observed in muscle. Temporal expression of ChSRF following microbe infection shows that the expression of ChSRF in hemocytes increases from 3 to 24 h post-challenge. As a target gene of SRF, β-actin demonstrates a similar gene expression mode in constitutive tissue and pathogen infection. Furthermore, some protein profiles of ChSRF was revealed, fluorescence microscopy results show that ChSRF located in the nuclei of HeLa cells and over-expression of ChSRF activated the transcriptional activities of MAPK signal pathway in HEK293T cells. These results indicate that ChSRF maybe play an important role in signal transduction in the immunity and development response of oysters. Furthermore, we found that ChSRF could regulate the expression of β-actin gene, which indicate that ChSRF is a muscle differentiation regulator in the oyster and it will help us to improve aquaculture production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, China.
| | - Fufa Qu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziniu Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, China.
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Fan Z, Li C, Qin C, Xie L, Wang X, Gao Z, Qiangbacuozhen, Wang T, Yu L, Liu H. Role of the PI3K/AKT pathway in modulating cytoskeleton rearrangements and phenotype switching in rat pulmonary arterial vascular smooth muscle cells. DNA Cell Biol 2013; 33:12-9. [PMID: 24283363 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2013.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) phenotype switching, which is characterized by changes in smooth muscle (SM)-specific gene expression, contributes to vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension. In addition, it has been shown that the transcription of SM-specific genes is modulated by cytoskeleton rearrangement. However, the intracellular mechanisms and signaling pathways that regulate these relationships are largely unknown. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the roles that phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (PKB), also known as AKT, play in modulating the cytoskeleton and phenotype of rat PASMCs. To observe the downstream effects of inhibiting or enhancing PI3K/AKT pathway activity, we used various approaches to manipulate protein function and gene expression. Treatment of PASMCs with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB or PIK3CA-adenovirus induced cytoskeleton rearrangements and downregulated SM22α and α-SM actin gene expression. Inhibition of PI3K led to blocking of AKT phosphorylation and attenuated the PDGF-BB-induced downregulation of F-actin and SM-specific genes, the downstream effector of PI3K. The decrease in SM22α and α-SM actin mRNA levels induced by PDGF-BB was markedly and reproducibly blocked by LY294002. PI3K/AKT pathway plays a vital role in the modulation of PASMCs cytoskeleton rearrangement and phenotype switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Fan
- 1 Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling Research Unit, West China Institute of Women's and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
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Loirand G, Sauzeau V, Pacaud P. Small G Proteins in the Cardiovascular System: Physiological and Pathological Aspects. Physiol Rev 2013; 93:1659-720. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00021.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Small G proteins exist in eukaryotes from yeast to human and constitute the Ras superfamily comprising more than 100 members. This superfamily is structurally classified into five families: the Ras, Rho, Rab, Arf, and Ran families that control a wide variety of cell and biological functions through highly coordinated regulation processes. Increasing evidence has accumulated to identify small G proteins and their regulators as key players of the cardiovascular physiology that control a large panel of cardiac (heart rhythm, contraction, hypertrophy) and vascular functions (angiogenesis, vascular permeability, vasoconstriction). Indeed, basal Ras protein activity is required for homeostatic functions in physiological conditions, but sustained overactivation of Ras proteins or spatiotemporal dysregulation of Ras signaling pathways has pathological consequences in the cardiovascular system. The primary object of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current progress in our understanding of the role of small G proteins and their regulators in cardiovascular physiology and pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gervaise Loirand
- INSERM, UMR S1087; University of Nantes; and CHU Nantes, l'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Vincent Sauzeau
- INSERM, UMR S1087; University of Nantes; and CHU Nantes, l'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre Pacaud
- INSERM, UMR S1087; University of Nantes; and CHU Nantes, l'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
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ZHANG JINCHENG, LÜ GANG. Effect of 17β-estradiol in rat bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:178-82. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Nordgren TM, Heires AJ, Wyatt TA, Poole JA, LeVan TD, Cerutis DR, Romberger DJ. Maresin-1 reduces the pro-inflammatory response of bronchial epithelial cells to organic dust. Respir Res 2013; 14:51. [PMID: 23663457 PMCID: PMC3668181 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-14-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to organic dust causes detrimental airway inflammation. Current preventative and therapeutic measures do not adequately treat resulting disease, necessitating novel therapeutic interventions. Recently identified mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids exhibit anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving actions. We tested the potential of one of these mediators, maresin-1 (MaR1), in reducing organic dust-associated airway inflammation. Methods As bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) are pivotal in initiating organic dust-induced inflammation, we investigated the in vitro effects of MaR1 on a human BEC cell line (BEAS-2B). Cells were pretreated for 1 hour with 0–200 nM MaR1, followed by 1–24 hour treatment with 5% hog confinement facility-derived organic dust extract (HDE). Alternatively, a mouse lung slice model was utilized in supportive cytokine studies. Supernatants were harvested and cytokine levels determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Epithelial cell protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms α and ϵ, and PKA activities were assessed via radioactivity assays, and NFκB and MAPK-related signaling mechanisms were investigated using luciferase vector reporters. Results MaR1 dose-dependently reduced IL-6 and IL-8 production following HDE treatment of BECs. MaR1 also reduced HDE-stimulated cytokine release including TNF-α in a mouse lung slice model when given before or following HDE treatment. Previous studies have established that HDE sequentially activates epithelial PKCα and PKCϵ at 1 and 6 hours, respectively that regulated TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 release. MaR1 pretreatment abrogated these HDE-induced PKC activities. Furthermore, HDE treatment over a 24-hour period revealed temporal increases in NFκB, AP-1, SP-1, and SRE DNA binding activities, using luciferase reporter assays. MaR1 pretreatment did not alter the activation of NFκB, AP-1, or SP-1, but did reduce the activation of DNA binding at SRE. Conclusions These observations indicate a role for MaR1 in attenuating the pro-inflammatory responses of BECs to organic dust extract, through a mechanism that does not appear to rely on reduced NFκB, AP-1, or SP-1-related signaling, but may be mediated partly through SRE-related signaling. These data offer insights for a novel mechanistic action of MaR1 in bronchial epithelial cells, and support future in vivo studies to test MaR1’s utility in reducing the deleterious inflammatory effects of environmental dust exposures.
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Wright DB, Trian T, Siddiqui S, Pascoe CD, Johnson JR, Dekkers BG, Dakshinamurti S, Bagchi R, Burgess JK, Kanabar V, Ojo OO. Phenotype modulation of airway smooth muscle in asthma. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2013; 26:42-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Billington CK, Ojo OO, Penn RB, Ito S. cAMP regulation of airway smooth muscle function. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2013; 26:112-20. [PMID: 22634112 PMCID: PMC3574867 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Agonists activating β(2)-adrenoceptors (β(2)ARs) on airway smooth muscle (ASM) are the drug of choice for rescue from acute bronchoconstriction in patients with both asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Moreover, the use of long-acting β-agonists combined with inhaled corticosteroids constitutes an important maintenance therapy for these diseases. β-Agonists are effective bronchodilators due primarily to their ability to antagonize ASM contraction. The presumed cellular mechanism of action involves the generation of intracellular cAMP, which in turn can activate the effector molecules cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and Epac. Other agents such as prostaglandin E(2) and phosphodiesterase inhibitors that also increase intracellular cAMP levels in ASM, can also antagonize ASM contraction, and inhibit other ASM functions including proliferation and migration. Therefore, β(2)ARs and cAMP are key players in combating the pathophysiology of airway narrowing and remodeling. However, limitations of β-agonist therapy due to drug tachyphylaxis related to β(2)AR desensitization, and recent findings regarding the manner in which β(2)ARs and cAMP signal, have raised new and interesting questions about these well-studied molecules. In this review we discuss current concepts regarding β(2)ARs and cAMP in the regulation of ASM cell functions and their therapeutic roles in asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte K Billington
- Division of Therapeutics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
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Small EM. The actin-MRTF-SRF gene regulatory axis and myofibroblast differentiation. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2012; 5:794-804. [PMID: 22898751 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-012-9397-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts are responsible for necrotic tissue replacement and scar formation after myocardial infarction (MI) and contribute to remodeling in response to pathological stimuli. This response to insult or injury is largely due to the phenotypic plasticity of fibroblasts. When fibroblasts encounter environmental disturbances, whether biomechanical or humoral, they often transform into smooth muscle-like, contractile cells called "myofibroblasts." The signals that control myofibroblast differentiation include the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-Smad pathway and Rho GTPase-dependent actin polymerization. Recent evidence implicates serum response factor (SRF) and the myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs) as key mediators of the contractile gene program in response to TGF-β1 or RhoA signaling. This review highlights the function of myofibroblasts in cardiac remodeling and the role of the actin-MRTF-SRF signaling axis in regulating this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Small
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box CVRI, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Meurs H, Dekkers BGJ, Maarsingh H, Halayko AJ, Zaagsma J, Gosens R. Muscarinic receptors on airway mesenchymal cells: novel findings for an ancient target. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2012; 26:145-55. [PMID: 22842340 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Since ancient times, anticholinergics have been used as a bronchodilator therapy for obstructive lung diseases. Targets of these drugs are G-protein-coupled muscarinic M(1), M(2) and M(3) receptors in the airways, which have long been recognized to regulate vagally-induced airway smooth muscle contraction and mucus secretion. However, recent studies have revealed that acetylcholine also exerts pro-inflammatory, pro-proliferative and pro-fibrotic actions in the airways, which may involve muscarinic receptor stimulation on mesenchymal, epithelial and inflammatory cells. Moreover, acetylcholine in the airways may not only be derived from vagal nerves, but also from non-neuronal cells, including epithelial and inflammatory cells. Airway smooth muscle cells seem to play a major role in the effects of acetylcholine on airway function. It has become apparent that these cells are multipotent cells that may reversibly adopt (hyper)contractile, proliferative and synthetic phenotypes, which are all under control of muscarinic receptors and differentially involved in bronchoconstriction, airway remodeling and inflammation. Cholinergic contractile tone is increased by airway inflammation associated with asthma and COPD, resulting from exaggerated acetylcholine release as well as increased expression of contraction related proteins in airway smooth muscle. Moreover, muscarinic receptor stimulation promotes proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells as well as fibroblasts, and regulates cytokine, chemokine and extracellular matrix production by these cells, which may contribute to airway smooth muscle growth, airway fibrosis and inflammation. In line, animal models of chronic allergic asthma and COPD have recently demonstrated that tiotropium may potently inhibit airway inflammation and remodeling. These observations indicate that muscarinic receptors have a much larger role in the pathophysiology of obstructive airway diseases than previously thought, which may have important therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Meurs
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Black JL, Panettieri RA, Banerjee A, Berger P. Airway smooth muscle in asthma: just a target for bronchodilation? Clin Chest Med 2012; 33:543-58. [PMID: 22929101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle (ASM) has long been recognized as the main cell type responsible for bronchial hyperresponsiveness. It has, thus, been considered as a target for bronchodilation. In asthma, however, there is a complex relationship between ASM and inflammatory cells, such as mast cells and T lymphocytes. Moreover, the increased ASM mass in asthmatic airways is one of the key features of airway remodeling. This article aims to review the main concepts about the 3 possible roles of ASM in asthma: (1) contractile tone, (2) inflammatory response, and (3) remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith L Black
- University of Sydney, Discipline of Pharmacology and Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
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Jeyaraj SC, Unger NT, Eid AH, Mitra S, Paul El-Dahdah N, Quilliam LA, Flavahan NA, Chotani MA. Cyclic AMP-Rap1A signaling activates RhoA to induce α(2c)-adrenoceptor translocation to the cell surface of microvascular smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012; 303:C499-511. [PMID: 22621783 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00461.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular signaling by the second messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP) activates the Ras-related small GTPase Rap1 through the guanine exchange factor Epac. This activation leads to effector protein interactions, activation, and biological responses in the vasculature, including vasorelaxation. In vascular smooth muscle cells derived from human dermal arterioles (microVSM), Rap1 selectively regulates expression of G protein-coupled α(2C)-adrenoceptors (α(2C)-ARs) through JNK-c-jun nuclear signaling. The α(2C)-ARs are generally retained in the trans-Golgi compartment and mobilize to the cell surface and elicit vasoconstriction in response to cellular stress. The present study used human microVSM to examine the role of Rap1 in receptor localization. Complementary approaches included murine microVSM derived from tail arteries of C57BL6 mice that express functional α(2C)-ARs and mice deficient in Rap1A (Rap1A-null). In human microVSM, increasing intracellular cAMP by direct activation of adenylyl cyclase by forskolin (10 μM) or selectively activating Epac-Rap signaling by the cAMP analog 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP (100 μM) activated RhoA, increased α(2C)-AR expression, and reorganized the actin cytoskeleton, increasing F-actin. The α(2C)-ARs mobilized from the perinuclear region to intracellular filamentous structures and to the plasma membrane. Similar results were obtained in murine wild-type microVSM, coupling Rap1-Rho-actin dynamics to receptor relocalization. This signaling was impaired in Rap1A-null murine microVSM and was rescued by delivery of constitutively active (CA) mutant of Rap1A. When tested in heterologous HEK293 cells, Rap1A-CA or Rho-kinase (ROCK-CA) caused translocation of functional α(2C)-ARs to the cell surface (~4- to 6-fold increase, respectively). Together, these studies support vascular bed-specific physiological role of Rap1 and suggest a role in vasoconstriction in microVSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvi C Jeyaraj
- Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia induces the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), myocardin expression and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) have been demonstrated to have both antioxidant and antihypertrophic effects. We evaluated the pathways of atorvastatin in repressing ROS and myocardin after hypoxia to prevent cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cultured rat neonatal cardiomyocytes were subjected to hypoxia, and the expression of myocardin and ROS were evaluated. Different signal transduction inhibitors, atorvastatin and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) were used to identify the pathways that inhibited myocardin expression and ROS. Electrophoretic motility shift assay (EMSA) and luciferase assay were used to identify the binding of myocardin/serum response factor (SRF) and transcription to cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was assessed by (3)H-proline incorporation assay. RESULTS Myocardin expression after hypoxia was inhibited by atorvastatin, RhoA/Rho kinase inhibitor (Y27632), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) small interfering RNA (siRNA)/ERK pathway inhibitor (PD98059), myocardin siRNA and NAC. Bindings of myocardin/SRF, transcription of myocardin/SRF to cardiomyocytes, presence of myocardin in the nuclei of cardiomyocytes and protein synthesis after hypoxia were identified by EMSA, luciferase assay, confocal microscopy and (3)H-proline assay and were suppressed by atorvastatin, Y27632, PD98059 and NAC. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxia in neonatal cardiomyocytes increases myocardin expression and ROS to cause cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, which can be prevented by atorvastatin by suppressing ROS and myocardin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Zuan Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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