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Sampsonas F, Bosgana P, Bravou V, Tzouvelekis A, Dimitrakopoulos FI, Kokkotou E. Interstitial Lung Diseases and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Particularities in Pathogenesis and Expression of Driver Mutations. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:934. [PMID: 39062713 PMCID: PMC11276289 DOI: 10.3390/genes15070934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interstitial lung diseases are a varied group of diseases associated with chronic inflammation and fibrosis. With the emerging and current treatment options, survival rates have vastly improved. Having in mind that the most common type is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and that a significant proportion of these patients will develop lung cancer as the disease progresses, prompt diagnosis and personalized treatment of these patients are fundamental. SCOPE AND METHODS The scope of this review is to identify and characterize molecular and pathogenetic pathways that can interconnect Interstitial Lung Diseases and lung cancer, especially driver mutations in patients with NSCLC, and to highlight new and emerging treatment options in that view. RESULTS Common pathogenetic pathways have been identified in sites of chronic inflammation in patients with interstitial lung diseases and lung cancer. Of note, the expression of driver mutations in EGFR, BRAF, and KRAS G12C in patients with NSCLC with concurrent interstitial lung disease is vastly different compared to those patients with NSCLC without Interstitial Lung Disease. CONCLUSIONS NSCLC in patients with Interstitial Lung Disease is a challenging diagnostic and clinical entity, and a personalized medicine approach is fundamental to improving survival and quality of life. Newer anti-fibrotic medications have improved survival in IPF/ILD patients; thus, the incidence of lung cancer is going to vastly increase in the next 5-10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotios Sampsonas
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Pinelopi Bosgana
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Vasiliki Bravou
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Argyrios Tzouvelekis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | | | - Eleni Kokkotou
- Oncology Unit, The Third Department of Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece;
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Zhou Y, Ling T, Shi W. Current state of signaling pathways associated with the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2024; 25:245. [PMID: 38886743 PMCID: PMC11184855 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02878-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) represents a chronic and progressive pulmonary disorder distinguished by a notable mortality rate. Despite the elusive nature of the pathogenic mechanisms, several signaling pathways have been elucidated for their pivotal roles in the progression of this ailment. This manuscript aims to comprehensively review the existing literature on the signaling pathways linked to the pathogenesis of IPF, both within national and international contexts. The objective is to enhance the comprehension of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying IPF and offer a scholarly foundation for the advancement of more efficacious therapeutic strategies, thereby fostering research and clinical practices within this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224005, China
| | - Tingting Ling
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224005, China
| | - Weihong Shi
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224005, China.
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Wang J, Wang Z, Zhao Y, Bai L, Wei Y, Huang T, Xu Y, Zhou X. Molecular mechanism of quercetin in treating RA-ILD based on network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental validation. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:3077-3092. [PMID: 37878048 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02772-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that is associated with systemic complications. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the most common pulmonary complication and second leading cause of death in patients with RA. In this study, we used network pharmacology and experimental validation to identify the targets and pathways of quercetin (Que) in the treatment of RA-associated ILD (RA-ILD). A total of 32 potential targets of Que for RA-ILD treatment were screened from six databases, and 10 core targets were screened using protein-protein interaction network analysis. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, and molecular docking were employed to explore the potential mechanisms of Que in RA-ILD treatment. The results suggested the IL-17 signaling pathway as an important pathway through which Que alleviates RA-ILD. Subsequently, LPS (1 µg/ml) was used to establish an inflammation model on RAW 264.7 cells, and different concentrations of Que (25, 50, and 100 µM) were used for intervention. Que significantly reduced the expression levels of IL-17, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in RAW 264.7 cells. Our findings suggest that Que alleviates RA-ILD by regulating the IL-17 signaling pathway and reducing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital Of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital Of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Le Bai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital Of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yun Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital Of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tongxing Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital Of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yong Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xianmei Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital Of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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4
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Hosseinzadeh A, Pourhanifeh MH, Amiri S, Sheibani M, Irilouzadian R, Reiter RJ, Mehrzadi S. Therapeutic potential of melatonin in targeting molecular pathways of organ fibrosis. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:25-50. [PMID: 37995089 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis, the excessive deposition of fibrous connective tissue in an organ in response to injury, is a pathological condition affecting many individuals worldwide. Fibrosis causes the failure of tissue function and is largely irreversible as the disease progresses. Pharmacologic treatment options for organ fibrosis are limited, but studies suggest that antioxidants, particularly melatonin, can aid in preventing and controlling fibrotic damage to the organs. Melatonin, an indole nocturnally released from the pineal gland, is commonly used to regulate circadian and seasonal biological rhythms and is indicated for treating sleep disorders. While it is often effective in treating sleep disorders, melatonin's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties also make it a promising molecule for treating other disorders such as organ fibrosis. Melatonin ameliorates the necrotic and apoptotic changes that lead to fibrosis in various organs including the heart, liver, lung, and kidney. Moreover, melatonin reduces the infiltration of inflammatory cells during fibrosis development. This article outlines the protective effects of melatonin against fibrosis, including its safety and potential therapeutic effects. The goal of this article is to provide a summary of data accumulated to date and to encourage further experimentation with melatonin and increase its use as an anti-fibrotic agent in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Pourhanifeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Shiva Amiri
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sheibani
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rana Irilouzadian
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Shohada-e Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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M. S. Barron A, Fabre T, De S. Distinct fibroblast functions associated with fibrotic and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and their implications for therapeutic development. F1000Res 2024; 13:54. [PMID: 38681509 PMCID: PMC11053351 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.143472.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are ubiquitous cells that can adopt many functional states. As tissue-resident sentinels, they respond to acute damage signals and shape the earliest events in fibrotic and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Upon sensing an insult, fibroblasts produce chemokines and growth factors to organize and support the response. Depending on the size and composition of the resulting infiltrate, these activated fibroblasts may also begin to contract or relax thus changing local stiffness within the tissue. These early events likely contribute to the divergent clinical manifestations of fibrotic and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Further, distinct changes to the cellular composition and signaling dialogue in these diseases drive progressive fibroblasts specialization. In fibrotic diseases, fibroblasts support the survival, activation and differentiation of myeloid cells, granulocytes and innate lymphocytes, and produce most of the pathogenic extracellular matrix proteins. Whereas, in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, sequential accumulation of dendritic cells, T cells and B cells programs fibroblasts to support local, destructive adaptive immune responses. Fibroblast specialization has clear implications for the development of effective induction and maintenance therapies for patients with these clinically distinct diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. S. Barron
- Inflammation & Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Thomas Fabre
- Inflammation & Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Saurav De
- Inflammation & Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
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Diwan R, Bhatt HN, Beaven E, Nurunnabi M. Emerging delivery approaches for targeted pulmonary fibrosis treatment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 204:115147. [PMID: 38065244 PMCID: PMC10787600 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive, and life-threatening interstitial lung disease which causes scarring in the lung parenchyma and thereby affects architecture and functioning of lung. It is an irreversible damage to lung functioning which is related to epithelial cell injury, immense accumulation of immune cells and inflammatory cytokines, and irregular recruitment of extracellular matrix. The inflammatory cytokines trigger the differentiation of fibroblasts into activated fibroblasts, also known as myofibroblasts, which further increase the production and deposition of collagen at the injury sites in the lung. Despite the significant morbidity and mortality associated with PF, there is no available treatment that efficiently and effectively treats the disease by reversing their underlying pathologies. In recent years, many therapeutic regimens, for instance, rho kinase inhibitors, Smad signaling pathway inhibitors, p38, BCL-xL/ BCL-2 and JNK pathway inhibitors, have been found to be potent and effective in treating PF, in preclinical stages. However, due to non-selectivity and non-specificity, the therapeutic molecules also result in toxicity mediated severe side effects. Hence, this review demonstrates recent advances on PF pathology, mechanism and targets related to PF, development of various drug delivery systems based on small molecules, RNAs, oligonucleotides, peptides, antibodies, exosomes, and stem cells for the treatment of PF and the progress of various therapeutic treatments in clinical trials to advance PF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimpy Diwan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Himanshu N Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Elfa Beaven
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States; The Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States.
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7
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Deng R, Li J, Wu H, Wang M. Mechanistic insight into the adjuvant effect of co-exposure to ultrafine carbon black and high humidity on allergic asthma. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:9653-9667. [PMID: 37794280 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01764-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases continue to be a major global concern, with allergies and asthma often discussed as critical areas of study. While the role of environmental risk factors, such as non-allergenic pollutants and high humidity, in asthma induction is often mentioned, there is still a lack of thorough research on their co-exposure. This study aims to investigate the adjuvant effect of ultrafine carbon black (30-50 nm) and high humidity (70% relative humidity) on the induction of allergic asthma. A mouse model of asthma was established using ovalbumin, and airway hyperresponsiveness, remodeling, and inflammation were measured as the endpoint effects of asthma. The mediating role of the oxidative stress pathway and the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 pathway in asthma induction was validated using pathway inhibitors vitamin E and capsaicin, respectively. Co-exposure to ultrafine carbon black and high humidity had a significant impact on metabolic pathways in the lung, including aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and ATP-binding cassette transporters. However, administering vitamin E and capsaicin altered the effects of co-exposure on the lung metabolome. These results offer new insights into the health risk assessment of co-exposure to environmental risk factors and provide an important reference point for the prevention and treatment of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Deng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Jia Li
- The Center for Clinical Molecular Medical Detection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Haiping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Mingpu Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
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Sung EA, Park MH, Henegariu O, Sime PJ, Chae WJ. Dickkopf1 Promotes Pulmonary Fibrosis upon Bleomycin-Induced Lung Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1130-1142. [PMID: 37263344 PMCID: PMC10477954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Orchestration of inflammation and tissue repair processes is critical to maintaining homeostasis upon tissue injury. Tissue fibrosis is a pathological process characterized by aberrant accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagen, upon injury. Dickkopf1 (DKK1) is a quintessential Wnt antagonist. The role of DKK1 in bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung injury and fibrosis model remains elusive. This study shows that BLM-induced lung injury markedly elevated DKK1 protein expressions in the lungs in mice, consistent with human pulmonary fibrosis patient lung tissues. The elevated DKK1 levels coincided with immune cell infiltration and collagen deposition. Notably, the reduced expression of DKK1 in Dkk1 hypomorphic doubleridge (Dkk1d/d) mice abrogated BLM-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis. Immune cell infiltration, collagen deposition, expression of profibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and extracellular matrix protein-producing myofibroblast marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were reduced in Dkk1d/d mice. Consistent with these results, local DKK1 antibody administration after BLM-induced lung injury substantially decreased lung inflammation and fibrosis phenotypes. Taken together, these results demonstrate that DKK1 is a proinflammatory and profibrotic ligand that promotes inflammation and fibrosis upon BLM-induced lung injury, placing it as an attractive molecular target for dysregulated pulmonary inflammation and tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ah Sung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Min Hee Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Octavian Henegariu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Patricia J Sime
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Wook-Jin Chae
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.
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Wang J, Wang P, Shao Y, He D. Advancing Treatment Strategies: A Comprehensive Review of Drug Delivery Innovations for Chronic Inflammatory Respiratory Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2151. [PMID: 37631365 PMCID: PMC10458134 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory respiratory diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis, present ongoing challenges in terms of effective treatment and management. These diseases are characterized by persistent inflammation in the airways, leading to structural changes and compromised lung function. There are several treatments available for them, such as bronchodilators, immunomodulators, and oxygen therapy. However, there are still some shortcomings in the effectiveness and side effects of drugs. To achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes while minimizing systemic side effects, targeted therapies and precise drug delivery systems are crucial to the management of these diseases. This comprehensive review focuses on the role of drug delivery systems in chronic inflammatory respiratory diseases, particularly nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems, inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs), novel biologicals, gene therapy, and personalized medicine. By examining the latest advancements and strategies in these areas, we aim to provide a thorough understanding of the current landscape and future prospects for improving treatment outcomes in these challenging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junming Wang
- Center of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; (J.W.); (P.W.); (Y.S.)
- Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Center of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; (J.W.); (P.W.); (Y.S.)
- Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yiru Shao
- Center of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; (J.W.); (P.W.); (Y.S.)
- Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Daikun He
- Center of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; (J.W.); (P.W.); (Y.S.)
- Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 201508, China
- Department of General Practice, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
- Department of General Practice, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Jiang J, Kao TC, Hu S, Li Y, Feng W, Guo X, Zeng J, Ma X. Protective role of baicalin in the dynamic progression of lung injury to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A meta-analysis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154777. [PMID: 37018850 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The pathological progression of lung injury (LI) to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a common feature of the development of lung disease. At present, effective strategies for preventing this progression are unavailable. Baicalin has been reported to specifically inhibit the progression of LI to IPF. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to assess its clinical application and its potential as a therapeutic drug for lung disease based on integrative analysis. METHODS We systematically searched preclinical articles in eight databases and reviewed them subjectively. The CAMARADES scoring system was used to assess the degree of bias and quality of evidence, whereas the STATA software (version 16.0 software) was used for statistical analysis, including a 3D analysis of the effects of dosage frequency of baicalin in LI and IPF. The protocol of this meta-analysis is documented in the PROSPERO database (CRD42022356152). RESULTS A total of 23 studies and 412 rodents were included after several rounds of screening. Baicalin was found to reduce the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, HYP, TGF-β and MDA and the W/D ratio and increase the levels of SOD. Histopathological analysis of lung tissue validated the regulatory effects of baicalin, and the 3D analysis of dosage frequency revealed that the effective dose of baicalin is 10-200 mg/kg. Mechanistically, baicalin can prevent the progression of LI to IPF by modulating p-Akt, p-NF-κB-p65 and Bcl-2-Bax-caspase-3 signalling. Additionally, baicalin is involved in signalling pathways closely related to anti-apoptotic activity and regulation of lung tissue and immune cells. CONCLUSION Baicalin at the dose of 10-200 mg/kg exerts protective effects against the progression of LI to IPF through anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Jiang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Te-Chan Kao
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Sihan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Yubing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Weiyi Feng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Xiaochuan Guo
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
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Deng J, He Y, Sun G, Yang H, Wang L, Tao X, Chen W. Tanreqing injection protects against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via inhibiting STING-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 305:116071. [PMID: 36584920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), characterized by excessive collagen deposition, is a progressive and typically fatal lung disease without effective therapeutic methods. Tanreqing injection (TRQ), a Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine, has been widely used to treat inflammatory respiratory diseases clinically. AIM OF THE STUDY The present work aims to elucidate the therapeutic effects and the possible mechanism of TRQ against pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS The pulmonary fibrosis murine model were constructed by the intratracheal injection of bleomycin (BLM). 7 days later, TRQ-L (2.6 ml/kg) and TRQ-H (5.2 ml/kg) were administered via intraperitoneal injection respectively for 21 days. The efficacy and underlying molecular mechanism of TRQ were investigated. RESULTS Here, we showed that TRQ significantly inhibited BLM-induced lung edema and pulmonary function. TRQ markedly reduced BLM-promoted inflammatory cell infiltration in BALF and inflammatory cytokines release (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) in serum and lung tissues. Meanwhile, TRQ also alleviated BLM-induced collagen synthesis and deposition. Simultaneously, TRQ attenuated BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis through regulating the expression of fibrotic hallmarks, manifested by down-regulated α-SMA and up-regulated E-cadherin. Moreover, we found that TRQ significantly prevented STING, p-P65, BIP, p-PERK, p-eIF2α, and ATF4 expression in lung fibrosis mice. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results indicated that TRQ positively affects inflammatory responses and lung fibrosis by regulating STING-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiuLing Deng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - YuQiong He
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - GuangChun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Suzhou Chien-Shiung Institute of Technology, Suzhou, 215411, China
| | - Xia Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - WanSheng Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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12
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The Wnt/β-catenin pathway regulates inflammation and apoptosis in ventilator-induced lung injury. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:232596. [PMID: 36825682 PMCID: PMC10011329 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20222429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) may be caused by incorrect mechanical ventilation (MV), and its progression is mainly related to inflammatory reaction, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway can modulate inflammation and apoptosis; however, its role in VILI is unknown. This research aims to explore the role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in VILI. VILI models were established using rats and type II alveolar epithelial (ATII) cells. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), β-catenin, and cyclin D1 were determined using western blotting and immunofluorescence. Apoptosis of lung tissues was evaluated using TUNEL, flow cytometry, Bax, and Bcl2 protein. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Lung pathological injury was evaluated through hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Lung permeability was evaluated by the ratio of dry to wet weight of lung tissue and the total protein level of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The results showed that GSK-3β expression was enhanced and β-catenin expression was diminished in lung tissue under MV. SB216763 increased β-catenin and cyclin D1 expression by inhibiting GSK-3β expression and inhibited the inflammatory response and apoptosis of lung, alleviated pulmonary edema and lung tissue permeability, and significantly mitigated lung injury. However, inhibition of β-catenin expression by MSAB attenuated the anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects of SB216763 in VILI. Overall, the present study demonstrates that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation in MV may play an anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic role, thereby alleviating lung injury and delaying VILI progression, which may be a key point of intervention in VILI.
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13
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Huang G, Liang J, Huang K, Liu X, Taghavifar F, Yao C, Parimon T, Liu N, Dai K, Aziz A, Wang Y, Waldron RT, Mou H, Stripp B, Noble PW, Jiang D. Basal Cell-derived WNT7A Promotes Fibrogenesis at the Fibrotic Niche in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:302-313. [PMID: 36318668 PMCID: PMC9989475 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0074oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of epithelial integrity, bronchiolarization, and fibroblast activation are key characteristics of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Prolonged accumulation of basal-like cells in IPF may impact the fibrotic niche to promote fibrogenesis. To investigate their role in IPF, basal cells were isolated from IPF explant and healthy donor lung tissues. Single-cell RNA sequencing was used to assess differentially expressed genes in basal cells. Basal cell and niche interaction was demonstrated with the sLP-mCherry niche labeling system. Luminex assays were used to assess cytokines secreted by basal cells. The role of basal cells in fibroblast activation was studied. Three-dimensional organoid culture assays were used to interrogate basal cell effects on AEC2 (type 2 alveolar epithelial cell) renewal capacity. Perturbation was used to investigate WNT7A function in vitro and in a repetitive bleomycin model in vivo. We found that WNT7A is highly and specifically expressed in basal-like cells. Proteins secreted by basal cells can be captured by neighboring fibroblasts and AEC2s. Basal cells or basal cell-conditioned media activate fibroblasts through WNT7A. Basal cell-derived WNT7A inhibits AEC2 progenitor cell renewal in three-dimensional organoid cultures. Neutralizing antibodies against WNT7A or a small molecule inhibitor of Frizzled signaling abolished basal cell-induced fibroblast activation and attenuated lung fibrosis in mice. In summary, basal cells and basal cell-derived WNT7A are key components of the fibrotic niche, providing a unique non-stem cell function of basal cells in IPF progression and a novel targeting strategy for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kevin Huang
- Division of Pulmonary, Women's Guild Lung Institute
| | - Xue Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Women's Guild Lung Institute
| | | | - Changfu Yao
- Division of Pulmonary, Women's Guild Lung Institute
- The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute
| | | | - Ningshan Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Women's Guild Lung Institute
| | - Kristy Dai
- Division of Pulmonary, Women's Guild Lung Institute
| | - Adam Aziz
- Division of Pulmonary, Women's Guild Lung Institute
| | | | | | - Hongmei Mou
- The Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Barry Stripp
- Division of Pulmonary, Women's Guild Lung Institute
- The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute
| | - Paul W Noble
- Division of Pulmonary, Women's Guild Lung Institute
| | - Dianhua Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary, Women's Guild Lung Institute
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; and
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14
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Pan L, Meng F, Wang W, Wang XH, Shen H, Bao P, Kang J, Kong D. Nintedanib in an elderly non-small-cell lung cancer patient with severe steroid-refractory checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis: A case report and literature review. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1072612. [PMID: 36703957 PMCID: PMC9872202 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1072612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors tremendously improve cancer prognosis; however, severe-grade immune-related adverse events may cause premature death. Current recommendations for checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis (CIP) treatment are mainly about immunosuppressive therapy, and anti-fibrotic agents are also needed, especially for patients with poor response to corticosteroids and a longer pneumonitis course. This is because fibrotic changes play an important role in the pathological evolution of CIP. Here, we report a case demonstrating that nintedanib is a promising candidate drug for CIP management or prevention, as it has potent anti-fibrotic efficacy and a safety profile. Moreover, nintedanib could partially inhibit tumor growth in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, and its efficacy can be improved in combination with other anti-tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fanqi Meng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,The First Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu-hao Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,The First Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pengchen Bao
- The First Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Delei Kong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,*Correspondence: Delei Kong,
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15
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Lun Y, Hu J, Zuming Y. Circular RNAs expression profiles and bioinformatics analysis in bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 37:e24805. [PMID: 36514862 PMCID: PMC9833990 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has long been considered the most challenging chronic lung disease for neonatologists and researchers due to its complex pathological mechanisms and difficulty in prediction. Growing evidence indicates that BPD is associated with the dysregulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs). Therefore, we aimed to explore the expression profiles of circRNAs and investigate the underlying molecular network associated with BPD. METHODS Peripheral blood was collected from very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants at 5-8 days of life to extract PBMCs. Microarray analysis and qRT-PCR tests were performed to determine the differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs) between BPD and non-BPD VLBW infants. Simultaneous analysis of GSE32472 was conducted to obtain differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNA) from BPD infants. The miRNAs were predicted by DEcircRNAs and DEmRNAs of upregulated, respectively, and then screened for overlapping ones. GO and KEGG analysis was performed following construction of the competing endogenous RNA regulatory network (ceRNA) for further investigation. RESULTS A total of 65 circRNAs (52 upregulated and 13 downregulated) were identified as DEcircRNAs between the two groups (FC >2.0 and p.adj <0.05). As a result, the ceRNA network was constructed based on three upregulated DEcircRNAs validated by qRT-PCR (hsa_circ_0007054, hsa_circ_0057950, and hsa_circ_0120151). Bioinformatics analysis indicated these DEcircRNAs participated in response to stimulus, IL-1 receptor activation, neutrophil activation, and metabolic pathways. CONCLUSIONS In VLBW infants with a high risk for developing BPD, the circRNA expression profiles in PBMCs were significantly altered in the early post-birth period, suggesting immune dysregulation caused by infection and inflammatory response already existed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lun
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care UnitSuzhou Municipal HospitalJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Junlong Hu
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care UnitSuzhou Municipal HospitalJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Yang Zuming
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care UnitSuzhou Municipal HospitalJiangsu ProvinceChina
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16
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Itano J, Taniguchi A, Senoo S, Asada N, Gion Y, Egusa Y, Guo L, Oda N, Araki K, Sato Y, Toyooka S, Kiura K, Maeda Y, Miyahara N. Neuropeptide Y Antagonizes Development of Pulmonary Fibrosis through IL-1β Inhibition. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:654-665. [PMID: 36122332 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0542oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a 36 amino acid residue polypeptide distributed throughout the nervous system, acts on various immune cells in many organs, including the respiratory system. However, little is known about its role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. This study was performed to determine the effects of NPY on pulmonary fibrosis. NPY-deficient and wild-type mice were intratracheally administered bleomycin. Inflammatory cells, cytokine concentrations, and morphological morphometry of the lungs were analyzed. Serum NPY concentrations were also measured in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and healthy control subjects. NPY-deficient mice exhibited significantly enhanced pulmonary fibrosis and higher IL-1β concentrations in the lungs compared with wild-type mice. Exogenous NPY treatment suppressed the development of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis and decreased IL-1β concentrations in the lungs. Moreover, IL-1β neutralization in NPY-deficient mice attenuated the fibrotic changes. NPY decreased IL-1β release, and Y1 receptor antagonists inhibited IL-1β release and induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human alveolar epithelial cells. Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis had lower NPY and greater IL-1β concentrations in the serums compared with healthy control subjects. NPY expression was mainly observed around bronchial epithelial cells in human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lungs. These data suggest that NPY plays a protective role against pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing IL-1β release, and manipulating the NPY-Y1 receptor axis could be a potential therapeutic strategy for delaying disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Itano
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akihiko Taniguchi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Satoru Senoo
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Noboru Asada
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuka Gion
- Department of Medical Technology, Okayama University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuria Egusa
- Department of Medical Technology, Okayama University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Lili Guo
- Department of Medical Technology, Okayama University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Naohiro Oda
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kota Araki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Sato
- Department of Medical Technology, Okayama University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Toyooka
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Kiura
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Maeda
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Miyahara
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Medical Technology, Okayama University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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17
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Pulmonary Fibrosis as a Result of Acute Lung Inflammation: Molecular Mechanisms, Relevant In Vivo Models, Prognostic and Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314959. [PMID: 36499287 PMCID: PMC9735580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic progressive lung disease that steadily leads to lung architecture disruption and respiratory failure. The development of pulmonary fibrosis is mostly the result of previous acute lung inflammation, caused by a wide variety of etiological factors, not resolved over time and causing the deposition of fibrotic tissue in the lungs. Despite a long history of study and good coverage of the problem in the scientific literature, the effective therapeutic approaches for pulmonary fibrosis treatment are currently lacking. Thus, the study of the molecular mechanisms underlying the transition from acute lung inflammation to pulmonary fibrosis, and the search for new molecular markers and promising therapeutic targets to prevent pulmonary fibrosis development, remain highly relevant tasks. This review focuses on the etiology, pathogenesis, morphological characteristics and outcomes of acute lung inflammation as a precursor of pulmonary fibrosis; the pathomorphological changes in the lungs during fibrosis development; the known molecular mechanisms and key players of the signaling pathways mediating acute lung inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis, as well as the characteristics of the most common in vivo models of these processes. Moreover, the prognostic markers of acute lung injury severity and pulmonary fibrosis development as well as approved and potential therapeutic approaches suppressing the transition from acute lung inflammation to fibrosis are discussed.
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18
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Zhang T, Zhang J, Lv C, Li H, Song X. Senescent AECⅡ and the implication for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis treatment. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1059434. [PMID: 36457712 PMCID: PMC9705785 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1059434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and lethal lung disease with limited treatment options. The onset of IPF increases with age, indicating that aging is a major risk factor for IPF. Among the hallmarks of aging, cellular senescence is the primordial driver and primary etiological factor for tissue and organ aging, and an independent risk factor for the progression of IPF. In this review, we focus on the senescence of alveolar type II epithelial cells (AECIIs) and systematically summarize abnormal changes in signal pathways and biological process and implications of senescent AECIIs during IPF progression. Meanwhile, we objectively analyze current medications targeting the elimination of senescent cells or restoration of vitality such as senolytics, senomorphics, autophagy regulators, and stem cell therapy. Finally, we dialectically discuss the feasibility and limitation of targeting senescent AECIIs for IPF treatment. We hope that the understanding will provide new insights to the development of senescent AECII-based approaches for the prevention and mitigation of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Changjun Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Song
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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19
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Zhu W, Tan C, Zhang J. Alveolar Epithelial Type 2 Cell Dysfunction in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Lung 2022; 200:539-547. [PMID: 36136136 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-022-00571-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and irreversible pulmonary interstitial disease that seriously affects the patient's quality of life and lifespan. The pathogenesis of IPF has not been clarified, and its treatment is limited to pirfenidone and nintedanib, which only delays the decline of lung function. Alveolar epithelial type 2 (AT2) cells are indispensable in the regeneration and lung surfactant secretion of alveolar epithelial cells. Studies have shown that AT2 cell dysfunction initiates the occurrence and progression of IPF. This review expounds on the AT2 cell dysfunction in IPF, involving senescence, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial damage, metabolic reprogramming, and the transitional state of AT2 cells. This article also briefly summarizes potential treatments targeting AT2 cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunting Tan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong An Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Kayalar O, Oztay F. CGRP induces myofibroblast differentiation and the production of extracellular matrix in MRC5s via autocrine and paracrine signalings. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23204. [PMID: 36056781 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
There are contradictory views on which calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) causes pulmonary fibrosis. Fibrotic potency of CGRP was tested and compared to that of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Myofibroblast differentiation, cell proliferation, and activations of TGF-β and Wnt pathways were examined for 24, 48, and 72 h in A549 and MRC5 cell lines stimulated with CGRP and TGF-β. CGRP-induced cell proliferation in MRC5s early on while cell proliferation in A549 occurred progressively. CGRP promoted fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation by inducing the transcription of ACTA2, COL1A1, SMAD2/3, and SMAD4 genes, the production of collagen, fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin, and activation of TGF-β signaling starting from 24 h. Additionally, TGF-β signaling induced by CGRP decreased the DKK1 level and activated the Wnt signaling in MRC5s. After CGRP stimulation, Wnt7a levels were increased from 24 to 72 h, while Wnt5a levels were elevated at 72 h in MRC5s. CGRP did not induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition in A549s, unlike TGF-β. A comparison of fibrotic potency of CGRP and TGF-β showed that TGF-β is a powerful profibrotic molecule and induces earlier myofibroblast differentiation. Even so, CGRP promotes myofibroblast differentiation and extracellular matrix production by inducing Smad-dependent-TGF-β and Wnt signalings via autocrine and paracrine signalings in MRC5s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgecan Kayalar
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Centre for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fusun Oztay
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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21
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Promises and Challenges of Cell-Based Therapies to Promote Lung Regeneration in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162595. [PMID: 36010671 PMCID: PMC9406501 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung epithelium is constantly exposed to harmful agents present in the air that we breathe making it highly susceptible to damage. However, in instances of injury to the lung, it exhibits a remarkable capacity to regenerate injured tissue thanks to the presence of distinct stem and progenitor cell populations along the airway and alveolar epithelium. Mechanisms of repair are affected in chronic lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a progressive life-threatening disorder characterized by the loss of alveolar structures, wherein excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components cause the distortion of tissue architecture that limits lung function and impairs tissue repair. Here, we review the most recent findings of a study of epithelial cells with progenitor behavior that contribute to tissue repair as well as the mechanisms involved in mouse and human lung regeneration. In addition, we describe therapeutic strategies to promote or induce lung regeneration and the cell-based strategies tested in clinical trials for the treatment of IPF. Finally, we discuss the challenges, concerns and limitations of applying these therapies of cell transplantation in IPF patients. Further research is still required to develop successful strategies focused on cell-based therapies to promote lung regeneration to restore lung architecture and function.
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22
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Deng R, Ma P, Li B, Wu Y, Yang X. Development of allergic asthma and changes of intestinal microbiota in mice under high humidity and/or carbon black nanoparticles. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113786. [PMID: 35738102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In respiratory diseases, the induction of allergic asthma is one of the hottest issues of international concern. The adjuvant effect of air pollutants including nanoparticles (NPs) has be pointed out to facilitate the occurrence and development of allergic asthma. This work studied the development of allergic asthma upon exposures of carbon black nanoparticles (CB NPs, 30-50 nm) and/or high environmental humidity (90% relative humidity). The mechanisms involved were investigated from perspectives of the activation of oxidative stress and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) pathways and the alteration in intestinal microbiota. Both high humidity and CB NPs aggravated the airway hyperreactivity, remodeling, and inflammation in Balb/c mice sensitized by ovalbumin. The co-exposure of these two risk factors exhibited adjuvant effect on the development of asthma likely through activating oxidative stress pathway and TRPV1 pathway and then facilitating type I hypersensitivity. Additionally, exposures of high humidity and/or CB NPs reduced the richness of intestinal microbes, altered microbial community composition, and weakened corresponding biological functions, which may interact with the development of asthma. The findings will add new toxicological knowledge to the health risk assessment and management of co-exposures of NPs and other risk factors in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Deng
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
| | - Ping Ma
- Xianning Engineering Research Center for Healthy Environment, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Baizhan Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Xianning Engineering Research Center for Healthy Environment, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Xianning Engineering Research Center for Healthy Environment, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali university, Dali 671003, China
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Martín-Medina A, Cerón-Pisa N, Martinez-Font E, Shafiek H, Obrador-Hevia A, Sauleda J, Iglesias A. TLR/WNT: A Novel Relationship in Immunomodulation of Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6539. [PMID: 35742983 PMCID: PMC9224119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The most frequent cause of death by cancer worldwide is lung cancer, and the 5-year survival rate is still very poor for patients with advanced stage. Understanding the crosstalk between the signaling pathways that are involved in disease, especially in metastasis, is crucial to developing new targeted therapies. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are master regulators of the immune responses, and their dysregulation in lung cancer is linked to immune escape and promotes tumor malignancy by facilitating angiogenesis and proliferation. On the other hand, over-activation of the WNT signaling pathway has been reported in lung cancer and is also associated with tumor metastasis via induction of Epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT)-like processes. An interaction between both TLRs and the WNT pathway was discovered recently as it was found that the TLR pathway can be activated by WNT ligands in the tumor microenvironment; however, the implications of such interactions in the context of lung cancer have not been discussed yet. Here, we offer an overview of the interaction of TLR-WNT in the lung and its potential implications and role in the oncogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Martín-Medina
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de les Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Noemi Cerón-Pisa
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de les Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Esther Martinez-Font
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de les Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Hanaa Shafiek
- Chest Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Antònia Obrador-Hevia
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de les Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Molecular Diagnosis Unit, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Jaume Sauleda
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de les Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, 07120 Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amanda Iglesias
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de les Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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24
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Hong X, Wang L, Zhang K, Liu J, Liu JP. Molecular Mechanisms of Alveolar Epithelial Stem Cell Senescence and Senescence-Associated Differentiation Disorders in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Cells 2022; 11:877. [PMID: 35269498 PMCID: PMC8909789 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary senescence is accelerated by unresolved DNA damage response, underpinning susceptibility to pulmonary fibrosis. Recently it was reported that the SARS-Cov-2 viral infection induces acute pulmonary epithelial senescence followed by fibrosis, although the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we examine roles of alveolar epithelial stem cell senescence and senescence-associated differentiation disorders in pulmonary fibrosis, exploring the mechanisms mediating and preventing pulmonary fibrogenic crisis. Notably, the TGF-β signalling pathway mediates alveolar epithelial stem cell senescence by mechanisms involving suppression of the telomerase reverse transcriptase gene in pulmonary fibrosis. Alternatively, telomere uncapping caused by stress-induced telomeric shelterin protein TPP1 degradation mediates DNA damage response, pulmonary senescence and fibrosis. However, targeted intervention of cellular senescence disrupts pulmonary remodelling and fibrosis by clearing senescent cells using senolytics or preventing senescence using telomere dysfunction inhibitor (TELODIN). Studies indicate that the development of senescence-associated differentiation disorders is reprogrammable and reversible by inhibiting stem cell replicative senescence in pulmonary fibrosis, providing a framework for targeted intervention of the molecular mechanisms of alveolar stem cell senescence and pulmonary fibrosis. Abbreviations: DPS, developmental programmed senescence; IPF, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; OIS, oncogene-induced replicative senescence; SADD, senescence-associated differentiation disorder; SALI, senescence-associated low-grade inflammation; SIPS, stress-induced premature senescence; TERC, telomerase RNA component; TERT, telomerase reverse transcriptase; TIFs, telomere dysfunction-induced foci; TIS, therapy-induced senescence; VIS, virus-induced senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Hong
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China; (X.H.); (L.W.); (K.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Lihui Wang
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China; (X.H.); (L.W.); (K.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Kexiong Zhang
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China; (X.H.); (L.W.); (K.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China; (X.H.); (L.W.); (K.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jun-Ping Liu
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China; (X.H.); (L.W.); (K.Z.); (J.L.)
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Prahran, VIC 3181, Australia
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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25
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Moss BJ, Ryter SW, Rosas IO. Pathogenic Mechanisms Underlying Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 17:515-546. [PMID: 34813355 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-042320-030240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) involves a complex interplay of cell types and signaling pathways. Recurrent alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) injury may occur in the context of predisposing factors (e.g., genetic, environmental, epigenetic, immunologic, and gerontologic), leading to metabolic dysfunction, senescence, aberrant epithelial cell activation, and dysregulated epithelial repair. The dysregulated epithelial cell interacts with mesenchymal, immune, and endothelial cells via multiple signaling mechanisms to trigger fibroblast and myofibroblast activation. Recent single-cell RNA sequencing studies of IPF lungs support the epithelial injury model. These studies have uncovered a novel type of AEC with characteristics of an aberrant basal cell, which may disrupt normal epithelial repair and propagate a profibrotic phenotype. Here, we review the pathogenesis of IPF in the context of novel bioinformatics tools as strategies to discover pathways of disease, cell-specific mechanisms, and cell-cell interactions that propagate the profibrotic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Moss
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; ,
| | - Stefan W Ryter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA;
| | - Ivan O Rosas
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; ,
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26
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Qu Z, Dou W, Zhang K, Duan L, Zhou D, Yin S. IL-22 inhibits bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in association with inhibition of IL-17A in mice. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:280. [PMID: 36564791 PMCID: PMC9789559 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02977-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interstitial lung disease, a common extra-articular complication of connective tissue disease, is characterized by progressive and irreversible pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis, which causes significant mortality. IL-22 shows a potential in regulating chronic inflammation and possibly plays an anti-fibrotic role by protecting epithelial cells. However, the detailed effects and underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we explored the impact of IL-22 on pulmonary fibrosis both in vivo and in vitro. METHODS To induce pulmonary fibrosis, wild-type mice and IL-22 knockout mice were intratracheally injected with bleomycin followed by treatments with recombinant IL-22 or IL-17A neutralizing antibody. We investigated the role of IL-22 on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and the mechanism in the possible interaction between IL-22 and IL-17A. Fibrosis-related genes were detected using RT-qPCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence. Inflammatory and fibrotic changes were assessed based on histological features. We also used A549 human alveolar epithelial cells, NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblast cells, and primary mouse lung fibroblasts to study the impact of IL-22 on fibrosis in vitro. RESULTS IL-22 knockout mice showed aggravated pulmonary fibrosis compared with wild-type mice, and injection of recombinant IL-22 decreased the severe fibrotic manifestations in IL-22 knockout mice. In cell culture assays, IL-22 decreased protein levels of Collagen I in A549 cells, NIH/3T3 cells, and primary mouse lung fibroblasts. IL-22 also reduced the protein level of Collagen I in NIH/3T3 cells which were co-cultured with T cells. Mechanistically, IL-22 reduced the Th17 cell proportion and IL-17A mRNA level in lung tissues, and treatment with an IL-17A neutralizing antibody alleviated the severe pulmonary fibrosis in IL-22 knockout mice. The IL-17A neutralizing antibody also reduced Collagen I expression in NIH/3T3 cells in vitro. Knockdown of IL-17A with siRNAs or administration of IL-22 in NIH/3T3 cells and MLFs decreased expression of Collagen I, an effect blocked by concurrent use of recombinant IL-17A. CONCLUSIONS IL-22 mediated an anti-fibrogenesis effect in the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model and this effect was associated with inhibition of IL-17A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziye Qu
- grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002 China ,grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537The First Clinical Medicine School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002 China
| | - Wencan Dou
- grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002 China ,grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537The First Clinical Medicine School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002 China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002 China
| | - Lili Duan
- Department of Rheumatology, The People’s Hospital of Jiawang District of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, 221011 China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002 China ,grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537The First Clinical Medicine School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002 China
| | - Songlou Yin
- grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002 China ,grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537The First Clinical Medicine School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002 China
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27
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Chen L, Liu Q, Liu Z, Li H, Liu X, Yu H. EGF Protects Epithelial Cells from Barrier Damage in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:439-450. [PMID: 35082512 PMCID: PMC8784255 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s345664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Le Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People’s Republic of China
- Research Units of New Technologies of Endoscopic Surgery in Skull Base Tumour, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2018RU003, Shanghai, People's Republlc of China
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People’s Republic of China
- Research Units of New Technologies of Endoscopic Surgery in Skull Base Tumour, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2018RU003, Shanghai, People's Republlc of China
| | - Zhuofu Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People’s Republic of China
- Research Units of New Technologies of Endoscopic Surgery in Skull Base Tumour, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2018RU003, Shanghai, People's Republlc of China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People’s Republic of China
- Research Units of New Technologies of Endoscopic Surgery in Skull Base Tumour, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2018RU003, Shanghai, People's Republlc of China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People’s Republic of China
- Research Units of New Technologies of Endoscopic Surgery in Skull Base Tumour, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2018RU003, Shanghai, People's Republlc of China
| | - Hongmeng Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People’s Republic of China
- Research Units of New Technologies of Endoscopic Surgery in Skull Base Tumour, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2018RU003, Shanghai, People's Republlc of China
- Correspondence: Hongmeng Yu; Xiang Liu Email ;
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28
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Vu LD, Phan ATQ, Hijano DR, Siefker DT, Tillman H, Cormier SA. IL-1β Promotes Expansion of IL-33+ Lung Epithelial Stem Cells Following RSV Infection During Infancy. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 66:312-322. [PMID: 34861136 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0313oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-induced immunopathogenesis and disease severity in neonatal mice and human infants have been related to elevated pulmonary IL-33. Thus, targeting IL-33 has been suggested as a potential therapy for respiratory viral infections. Yet, the regulatory mechanisms on IL-33 during early life remain unclear. Here, using a neonatal mouse model of RSV, we demonstrate that IL-1β positively regulates but is not required for RSV-induced expression of pulmonary IL-33 in neonatal mice early after the initial infection. Exogenous IL-1β upregulates RSV-induced IL-33 expression by promoting the proliferation of IL-33pos lung epithelial stem/progenitor cells (EpiSPC). These cells are exclusively detected in RSV-infected neonatal rather than adult mice, partially explaining the IL-1β-independent IL-33 expression in RSV-infected adult mice. Furthermore, IL-1β aggravates IL-33 mediated Th2 biased immunopathogenesis upon reinfection. Collectively, our study demonstrates that IL-1β exacerbates IL-33 mediated RSV immunopathogenesis by promoting the proliferation of IL-33pos EpiSPC in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan D Vu
- Louisiana State University College of Science, 124525, Biological Sciences, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Anh T Q Phan
- Louisiana State University College of Science, 124525, Biological Sciences, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Diego R Hijano
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 5417, Department of Infectious Diseases,, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - David T Siefker
- Louisiana State University, 5779, Department of Biological Sciences, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Heather Tillman
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 5417, Department of Infectious Diseases,, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Stephania A Cormier
- Louisiana State University and A&M College, 5779, Biological Sciences, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States;
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29
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Soni DK, Biswas R. Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Lung Diseases. Front Genet 2021; 12:767348. [PMID: 34819948 PMCID: PMC8606426 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.767348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), notably microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), have recently gained increasing consideration because of their versatile role as key regulators of gene expression. They adopt diverse mechanisms to regulate transcription and translation, and thereby, the function of the protein, which is associated with several major biological processes. For example, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and metabolic pathways demand fine-tuning for the precise development of a specific tissue or organ. The deregulation of ncRNA expression is concomitant with multiple diseases, including lung diseases. This review highlights recent advances in the post-transcriptional regulation of miRNAs and lncRNAs in lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Further, we also discuss the emerging role of ncRNAs as biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets for lung diseases. However, more investigations are required to explore miRNAs and lncRNAs interaction, and their function in the regulation of mRNA expression. Understanding these mechanisms might lead to early diagnosis and the development of novel therapeutics for lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar Soni
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Roopa Biswas
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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30
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Liu T, Gonzalez De Los Santos F, Hirsch M, Wu Z, Phan SH. Noncanonical Wnt Signaling Promotes Myofibroblast Differentiation in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:489-499. [PMID: 34107237 PMCID: PMC8641847 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0499oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin pathway initiates a signaling cascade that is critical in cell differentiation and the normal development of multiple organ systems. The reactivation of this pathway has been documented in experimental and human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, wherein Wnt/β-catenin activation has been implicated in epithelial-cell repair. Furthermore, the canonical ligand Wnt3a is known to induce myofibroblast differentiation; however, the role of noncanonical Wnt ligands remains unclear. This study showed significantly higher levels of Wnt11 expression in cells from both patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and bleomycin-treated mice, as well as in TGFβ-treated mouse lung fibroblasts. Moreover, Wnt11 induced myofibroblast differentiation as manifested by increased α-SMA (ACTA2) expression, which was similar to that induced by canonical Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling. Further investigation revealed that Wnt11 induction of α-SMA was associated with the activation of JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase)/c-Jun signaling and was inhibited by a JNK inhibitor. The potential importance of this signaling pathway was supported by in vivo evidence showing significantly increased levels of Wnt11 and activated JNK in the lungs of mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Interestingly, fibroblasts did not express canonical Wnt3a, but treatment of these cells with exogenous Wnt3a induced endogenous Wnt11 and Wnt5a, resulting in repression of the Wnt3a/β-catenin target gene Axin2. These findings suggested that the noncanonical Wnt induction of myofibroblast differentiation mediated by the JNK/c-Jun pathway might play a significant role in pulmonary fibrosis, in addition to or in synergy with canonical Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling. Moreover, Wnt3a activation of noncanonical Wnt signaling might trigger a switch from canonical to noncanonical Wnt signaling to induce myofibroblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mitchell Hirsch
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Zhe Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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31
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Cai Q, Ma J, Wang J, Wang J, Cui J, Wu S, Wang Z, Wang N, Wang J, Yang D, Yang J, Xue J, Li F, Chen J, Liu X. Adenoviral Transduction of Dickkopf-1 Alleviates Silica-Induced Silicosis Development in Lungs of Mice. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 33:155-174. [PMID: 34405699 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is an occupational disease caused by inhalation of silica dust, which is hallmarked by progressive pulmonary fibrosis associated with poor prognosis. Wnt/β-catenin signaling is implicated in the development of fibrosis and is a therapeutic target for fibrotic diseases. Previous clinical studies of patients with pneumoconiosis, including silicosis, revealed an increased concentration of circulating WNT3A and DKK1 proteins and inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage compared with healthy subjects. The present study evaluated the effects of adenovirus-mediated transduction of Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1), a Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor, on the development of pulmonary silicosis in mice. Consistent with previous human clinical studies, our experimental studies in mice demonstrated an aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity coinciding with increased Wnt3a and Dkk1 proteins and inflammation in lungs of silica-induced silicosis mice compared with controls. Intratracheal delivery of adenovirus expressing murine Dkk1 (AdDkk1) inhibited Wnt/β-catenin activity in mouse lungs. The adenovirus-mediated Dkk1 gene transduction demonstrated the potential to prevent silicosis development and ameliorate silica-induced lung fibrogenesis in mice, accompanied by the reduced expression of epithelia--mesenchymal transition markers and deposition of extracellular matrix proteins compared with mice treated with "null" adenoviral vector. Mechanistically, AdDkk1 is able to attenuate the lung silicosis by inhibiting a silica-induced spike in TGF-β/Smad signaling. In addition, the forced expression of Dkk1 suppressed silica-induced epithelial cell proliferation in polarized human bronchial epithelial cells. This study provides insight into the underlying role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in promoting the pathogenesis of silicosis and is proof-of-concept that targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling by Dkk1 gene transduction may be an alternative approach in the prevention and treatment of silicosis lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cai
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jia Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Juying Wang
- Department of Occupational Disease, The Fifth People's Hospital of Ningxia, Shizuishan, China
| | - Jieda Cui
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Dandan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiali Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jing Xue
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Feng Li
- Center of Medical Laboratory, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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32
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Zhang E, Geng X, Shan S, Li P, Li S, Li W, Yu M, Peng C, Wang S, Shao H, Du Z. Exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells reverse epithelial-mesenchymal transition potentially via attenuating Wnt/β-catenin signaling to alleviate silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 31:655-666. [PMID: 34225584 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1950250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis induced by silica dust is an irreversible, chronic, and fibroproliferative lung disease with no effective treatment at present. BMSCs-derived exosomes (BMSCs-Exo) possess similar functions to their parent cells. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential and underlying molecular mechanism for BMSCs-Exo in the treatment of silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The rat model of experimental silicosis pulmonary fibrosis was induced with 1.0 mL of one-off infusing silica suspension using the non-exposed intratracheal instillation (50 mg/mL/rat). In vivo transplantation of BMSCs-Exo effectively alleviated silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis, including a reduction in collagen accumulation, inhibition of TGF-β1, and decreased HYP content. Treatment of BMSCs-Exo increased the expression of epithelial marker proteins including E-cadherin (E-cad) and cytokeratin19 (CK19) and reduced the expression of fibrosis marker proteins including α-Smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) after exposure to silica suspension. Furthermore, we found that BMSCs-Exo inhibited the expression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway components (P-GSK3β, β-catenin, Cyclin D1) in pulmonary fibrosis tissue. BMSCs-Exo is involved in the alleviation of silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis by reducing the level of profibrotic factor TGF-β1 and inhibiting the progression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Additionally, attenuation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway closely related to EMT may be one of the mechanisms involved in anti-fibrotic effects of exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enguo Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Geng
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Shan
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shumin Li
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Li
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Meili Yu
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shijun Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Shao
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjun Du
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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33
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Teafatiller T, Agrawal S, De Robles G, Rahmatpanah F, Subramanian VS, Agrawal A. Vitamin C Enhances Antiviral Functions of Lung Epithelial Cells. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1148. [PMID: 34439814 PMCID: PMC8394979 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C is well documented to have antiviral functions; however, there is limited information about its effect on airway epithelial cells-the first cells to encounter infections. Here, we examined the effect of vitamin C on human bronchial epithelium transformed with Ad12-SV40 2B (BEAS-2B) cells, and observed that sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 2 (SVCT2) was the primary vitamin C transporter. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that treating BEAS-2B cells with vitamin C led to a significant upregulation of several metabolic pathways and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) along with a downregulation of pathways involved in lung injury and inflammation. Remarkably, vitamin C also enhanced the expression of the viral-sensing receptors retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-1) and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA-5), which was confirmed at the protein and functional levels. In addition, the lungs of l-gulono-γ-lactone oxidase knockout (GULO-KO) mice also displayed a marked decrease in these genes compared to wild-type controls. Collectively, our findings indicate that vitamin C acts at multiple levels to exert its antiviral and protective functions in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Teafatiller
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Sudhanshu Agrawal
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Gabriela De Robles
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (G.D.R.); (F.R.)
| | - Farah Rahmatpanah
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (G.D.R.); (F.R.)
| | - Veedamali S. Subramanian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Anshu Agrawal
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
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34
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Li X, Goobie GC, Gregory AD, Kass DJ, Zhang Y. Toll-Interacting Protein in Pulmonary Diseases. Abiding by the Goldilocks Principle. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:536-546. [PMID: 33233920 PMCID: PMC8086045 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0470tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TOLLIP (Toll-interacting protein) is an intracellular adaptor protein with diverse actions throughout the body. In a context- and cell type–specific manner, TOLLIP can function as an inhibitor of inflammation and endoplasmic-reticulum stress, an activator of autophagy, or a critical regulator of intracellular vacuole trafficking. The distinct functions of this protein have been linked to innate immune responses and lung epithelial-cell apoptosis. TOLLIP genetic variants have been associated with a variety of chronic lung diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, and primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation, and with infections, such as tuberculosis, Legionella pneumonia, and respiratory viruses. TOLLIP exists in a delicate homeostatic balance, with both positive and negative effects on the trajectory of pulmonary diseases. This translational review summarizes the genetic and molecular associations that link TOLLIP to the development and progression of noninfectious and infectious pulmonary diseases. We highlight current limitations of in vitro and in vivo models in assessing the role of TOLLIP in these conditions, and we describe future approaches that will enable a more nuanced exploration of the role of TOLLIP in pulmonary conditions. There has been a surge in recent research evaluating the role of this protein in human diseases, but critical mechanistic pathways require further exploration. By understanding its biologic functions in disease-specific contexts, we will be able to determine whether TOLLIP can be therapeutically modulated to treat pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Li
- Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Gillian C Goobie
- Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and.,Clinician Investigator Program, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alyssa D Gregory
- Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Daniel J Kass
- Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
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35
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Fujisawa Y, Matsuda K, Uehara T. Osteopontin enhances the migration of lung fibroblasts via upregulation of interleukin-6 through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. Biol Chem 2021; 401:1071-1080. [PMID: 32924371 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a phenomenon in which parenchyma is replaced with fibrous tissue. Persistent inflammation accompanied by dysregulation of cytokine production and repeated cycles of inflammation-associated tissue-repair induces fibrosis in various organs including the liver, lung, and kidney. In idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, production of interleukin (IL)-6 and osteopontin (OPN) are dysregulated. Fibrosis leads to qualitative rather than quantitative changes of fibroblasts at the sites of tissue repair, and this leads to enlargement of fibrotic foci. These fibroblasts are immunohistochemically positive for OPN; however, the effect of overexpressed OPN in fibroblasts is not fully understood yet. In this study, we investigated the effect of OPN on IL-6 secretion and on migration and proliferation of fibroblasts. Lung fibroblasts overexpressing exogenous OPN showed that OPN was linked to the enhancement of cell migration through increased IL-6 secretion via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. These results suggest that OPN may exert its pro-fibrotic functions, such as enhancement of fibroblasts migration by cooperating with chemoattractant IL-6, and may be involved in enlargement of fibrotic foci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fujisawa
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-28621, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Matsuda
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-28621, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uehara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Nagano, Japan
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36
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Zhao S, Lin C, Yang T, Qian X, Lu J, Cheng J. Expression of long non-coding RNA LUCAT1 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its potential functions in regulating cigarette smoke extract-induced 16HBE cell proliferation and apoptosis. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23823. [PMID: 34125980 PMCID: PMC8274995 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by persistent airflow limitation, was a disease mediated by a combination of inflammatory factors, immune cells, and immune mediators. COPD was an inflammatory and autoimmune disease involving T-lymphocytes triggered by cigarette smoke and other factors that progressively affected the bronchi, lung parenchyma, and pulmonary blood vessels. LncRNAs were reported to be implicated in COPD pathogenesis and development. METHODS Non-smokers, smokers (non-COPD), and COPD patients were randomly selected in an established COPD surveillance cohort. Demographic and clinical information of all subjects were collected. Pulmonary function was measured by post-bronchodilator testing. qRT-PCR and ELISA assays were performed to detect the expression levels of lncRNA LUCAT1, miR-181a-5p, and inflammatory cytokines. An in vitro exposure model was constructed using cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells. The dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays were used to detect the binding relationship between lncRNA LUCAT1 and miR-181a-5p; meanwhile, Spearman's correlation assay was used to verify the correlation between lncRNA LUCAT1 and miR-181a-5p. Afterward, the lncRNA LUCAT1 silencing plasmid was constructed and co-transfected with a miR-181a-5p inhibitor to evaluate the effects on CSE-induced 16HBE cell proliferation and apoptosis. Finally, a Western blot assay was utilized to determine the mechanism of lncRNA LUCAT1/miR-181a-5p/Wnt/β-catenin axis in COPD. RESULTS LncRNA LUCAT1 was upregulated in the serums of COPD patients. Correlation analysis further confirmed the strong correlation between LUCAT1 expression and inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis verified the potential of LUCAT1 in COPD diagnosis. After treatment with CSE, LUCAT1 was significantly increased while its target miR-181a-5p was decreased in 16HBE cells. Cell proliferation and apoptosis assays showed that LUCAT1 silencing alleviated CSE's effects on 16HBE cell proliferation and apoptosis. Mechanically, rescue assays demonstrated that miR-181a-5p inhibition could partially counteract the impact of LUCAT1 on COPD progression through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. CONCLUSIONS LncRNA LUCAT1 may be a valuable indicator for differentiating COPD. Moreover, LncRNA LUCAT1/miR-181-5p/Wnt/β-catenin axis behaved as a critical role in COPD development, shedding new sights for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chunyan Lin
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoyu Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Wuxi, China
| | - Junjie Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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37
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Ianni A, Hofmann M, Kumari P, Tarighi S, Al-Tamari HM, Görgens A, Giebel B, Nolte H, Krüger M, Salwig I, Pullamsetti SS, Günther A, Schneider A, Braun T. Depletion of Numb and Numblike in Murine Lung Epithelial Cells Ameliorates Bleomycin-Induced Lung Fibrosis by Inhibiting the β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:639162. [PMID: 34124033 PMCID: PMC8187792 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.639162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) represents the most aggressive form of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and is a highly debilitating disorder with a poorly understood etiology. The lung epithelium seems to play a critical role in the initiation and progression of the disease. A repeated injury of lung epithelial cells prompts type II alveolar cells to secrete pro-fibrotic cytokines, which induces differentiation of resident mesenchymal stem cells into myofibroblasts, thus promoting aberrant deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) and formation of fibrotic lesions. Reactivation of developmental pathways such as the Wnt-β-catenin signaling cascade in lung epithelial cells plays a critical role in this process, but the underlying mechanisms are still enigmatic. Here, we demonstrate that the membrane-associated protein NUMB is required for pathological activation of β-catenin signaling in lung epithelial cells following bleomycin-induced injury. Importantly, depletion of Numb and Numblike reduces accumulation of fibrotic lesions, preserves lung functions, and increases survival rates after bleomycin treatment of mice. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that NUMB interacts with casein kinase 2 (CK2) and relies on CK2 to activate β-catenin signaling. We propose that pharmacological inhibition of NUMB signaling may represent an effective strategy for the development of novel therapeutic approaches against PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ianni
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Michael Hofmann
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Poonam Kumari
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Shahriar Tarighi
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Hamza M Al-Tamari
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - André Görgens
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Nolte
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD)-Cluster of Excellence, Köln, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD)-Cluster of Excellence, Köln, Germany
| | - Isabelle Salwig
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Soni Savai Pullamsetti
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Günther
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - André Schneider
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
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38
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Aros CJ, Pantoja CJ, Gomperts BN. Wnt signaling in lung development, regeneration, and disease progression. Commun Biol 2021; 4:601. [PMID: 34017045 PMCID: PMC8138018 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory tract is a vital, intricate system for several important biological processes including mucociliary clearance, airway conductance, and gas exchange. The Wnt signaling pathway plays several crucial and indispensable roles across lung biology in multiple contexts. This review highlights the progress made in characterizing the role of Wnt signaling across several disciplines in lung biology, including development, homeostasis, regeneration following injury, in vitro directed differentiation efforts, and disease progression. We further note uncharted directions in the field that may illuminate important biology. The discoveries made collectively advance our understanding of Wnt signaling in lung biology and have the potential to inform therapeutic advancements for lung diseases. Cody Aros, Carla Pantoja, and Brigitte Gomperts review the key role of Wnt signaling in all aspects of lung development, repair, and disease progression. They provide an overview of recent research findings and highlight where research is needed to further elucidate mechanisms of action, with the aim of improving disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody J Aros
- UCLA Department of Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,UCLA Medical Scientist Training Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carla J Pantoja
- UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brigitte N Gomperts
- UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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39
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Chernyak BV, Popova EN, Prikhodko AS, Grebenchikov OA, Zinovkina LA, Zinovkin RA. COVID-19 and Oxidative Stress. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 85:1543-1553. [PMID: 33705292 PMCID: PMC7768996 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920120068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenesis of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 is the subject of active research around the world. COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 is a complex disease in which interaction of the virus with target cells, action of the immune system and the body’s systemic response to these events are closely intertwined. Many respiratory viral infections, including COVID-19, cause death of the infected cells, activation of innate immune response, and secretion of inflammatory cytokines. All these processes are associated with the development of oxidative stress, which makes an important contribution to pathogenesis of the viral infections. This review analyzes information on the oxidative stress associated with the infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses. The review also focuses on involvement of the vascular endothelium in the COVID-19 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B V Chernyak
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - E N Popova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - A S Prikhodko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - O A Grebenchikov
- Negovsky Scientific Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Moscow, 107031, Russia
| | - L A Zinovkina
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - R A Zinovkin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Institute of Mitoengineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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40
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She YX, Yu QY, Tang XX. Role of interleukins in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:52. [PMID: 33723241 PMCID: PMC7960958 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00437-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukins, a group of cytokines participating in inflammation and immune response, are proved to be involved in the formation and development of pulmonary fibrosis. In this article, we reviewed the relationship between interleukins and pulmonary fibrosis from the clinical, animal, as well as cellular levels, and discussed the underlying mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. Despite the effects of interleukin-targeted treatment on experimental pulmonary fibrosis, clinical applications are lacking and unsatisfactory. We conclude that intervening in one type of interleukins with similar functions in IPF may not be enough to stop the development of fibrosis as it involves a complex network of regulation mechanisms. Intervening interleukins combined with other existing therapy or targeting interleukins affecting multiple cells/with different functions at the same time may be one of the future directions. Furthermore, the intervention time is critical as some interleukins play different roles at different stages. Further elucidation on these aspects would provide new perspectives on both the pathogenesis mechanism, as well as the therapeutic strategy and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xin She
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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41
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Ozaki M, Kagawa S, Ishii M, Hegab AE. Optimizing the in vitro colony-forming assay for more efficient delineation of the interaction between lung epithelial stem cells and their niche. J Stem Cells Regen Med 2021; 16:50-62. [PMID: 33414581 DOI: 10.46582/jsrm.1602009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of in vitro 3D organoid/colony forming assay (CFA); which mimics the in vivo environment have provided insight into the mechanisms by which lung stem cells maintain and repair the lung. In recent years, the use of CFA has markedly expanded. However, variations among laboratories in lung cell isolation methods, media used, type, origin, and processing methods of mesenchymal cells used as feeders for the epithelial colonies, and terms utilized to describe and quantify the growing colonies, have caused difficulty in reproducing results among different labs. In this study, we compared several previously described methods for lung cell isolation and culture media, to identify their influence on retrieved cells and growing colonies. We also characterized the effect of freeze/thaw, and propagation of fibroblasts on their ability to support epithelial colonies. Importantly, we suggested markers to identify fibroblast subtypes that offer the best support to alveolar stem cell proliferation. Then, we used our optimized assay to confirm the in vitro identity of recently described epithelial progenitors. We also tested the effect of hyperoxia on lung stem cells, and examined the expression of the receptors for the SARS-COV-2 virus's entry into epithelial cells, on our organoids. In summary, our findings facilitate CFA standardization, help understand how niche cell variations influence growing colonies, and confirm some of the recently described lung stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Ozaki
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kagawa
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Ishii
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ahmed E Hegab
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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42
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Gao F, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Wang M, Zhou Z, Zhang W, Ren Y, Han X, Wei M, Sun Z, Nie S. Arctigenin Suppressed Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Through Wnt3a/β-Catenin Pathway in PQ-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:584098. [PMID: 33390951 PMCID: PMC7772408 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.584098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arctigenin (ATG), a major bioactive substance of Fructus Arctii, counters renal fibrosis; however, whether it protects against paraquat (PQ)-induced lung fibrosis remains unknown. The present study was to determine the effect of ATG on PQ-induced lung fibrosis in a mouse model and the underlying mechanism. Firstly, we found that ATG suppressed PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis by blocking the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). ATG reduced the expressions of Vimentin and α-SMA (lung fibrosis markers) induced by PQ and restored the expressions of E-cadherin and Occludin (two epithelial markers) in vivo and in vitro. Besides, the Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling pathway was significantly activated in PQ induced pulmonary fibrosis. Further analysis showed that pretreatment of ATG profoundly abrogated PQ-induced EMT-like phenotypes and behaviors in A549 cells. The Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling pathway was repressed by ATG treatment. The overexpression of Wnt3a could weaken the therapeutic effect of ATG in A549 cells. These findings suggested that ATG could serve as a new therapeutic candidate to inhibit or even reverse EMT-like changes in alveolar type II cells during PQ-induced lung fibrosis, and unraveled that the Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway might be a mechanistic tool for ATG to control pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhizhou Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Han
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Wei
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaorui Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shinan Nie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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43
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A Positive Feed Forward Loop between Wnt/ β-Catenin and NOX4 Promotes Silicon Dioxide-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Lung Epithelial Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3404168. [PMID: 33376577 PMCID: PMC7744200 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3404168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Silicosis is a chronic fibrotic lung disease caused by the accumulation of silica dust in the distal lung. Canonical Wnt signaling and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) have been demonstrated to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis including silicosis. However, the underlying mechanisms of crosstalk between these two signalings are not fully understood. In the present study, we aimed to explore the interaction of Wnt/β-catenin and NOX4 of human epithelial cells in response to an exposure of silica dust. Results demonstrated an elevated expression of key components of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and NOX4 in the lungs of silicon dioxide- (SiO2-) induced silicosis mice. Furthermore, the activated Wnt/β-catenin and NOX4 signaling are accompanied by an inhibition of cell proliferation, an increase of ROS production and cell apoptosis, and an upregulation of profibrogenic factors in BEAS-2B human lung epithelial cells exposed to SiO2. A mechanistic study further demonstrated that the Wnt3a-mediated activation of canonical Wnt signaling could augment the SiO2-induced NOX4 expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production but reduced glutathione (GSH), while Wnt inhibitor DKK1 exhibited an opposite effect to Wnt3a. Vice versa, an overexpression of NOX4 further activated SiO2-induced Wnt/β-catenin signaling and NFE2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant response along with a reduction of GSH, whereas the shRNA-mediated knockdown of NOX4 showed an opposite effect to NOX4 overexpression. These results imply a positive feed forward loop between Wnt/β-catenin and NOX4 signaling that may promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lung epithelial cells in response to an exposure of silica dust, which may thus provide an insight into the profibrogenic role of Wnt/β-catenin and NOX4 crosstalk in lung epithelial cell injury and pathogenesis of silicosis.
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44
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Rackow AR, Nagel DJ, McCarthy C, Judge J, Lacy S, Freeberg MAT, Thatcher TH, Kottmann RM, Sime PJ. The self-fulfilling prophecy of pulmonary fibrosis: a selective inspection of pathological signalling loops. Eur Respir J 2020; 56:13993003.00075-2020. [PMID: 32943406 PMCID: PMC7931159 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00075-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating, progressive disease and carries a prognosis worse than most cancers. Despite ongoing research, the mechanisms that underlie disease pathogenesis remain only partially understood. However, the self-perpetuating nature of pulmonary fibrosis has led several researchers to propose the existence of pathological signalling loops. According to this hypothesis, the normal wound-healing process becomes corrupted and results in the progressive accumulation of scar tissue in the lung. In addition, several negative regulators of pulmonary fibrosis are downregulated and, therefore, are no longer capable of inhibiting these feed-forward loops. The combination of pathological signalling loops and loss of a checks and balances system ultimately culminates in a process of unregulated scar formation. This review details specific signalling pathways demonstrated to play a role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. The evidence of detrimental signalling loops is elucidated with regard to epithelial cell injury, cellular senescence and the activation of developmental and ageing pathways. We demonstrate where these loops intersect each other, as well as common mediators that may drive these responses and how the loss of pro-resolving mediators may contribute to the propagation of disease. By focusing on the overlapping signalling mediators among the many pro-fibrotic pathways, it is our hope that the pulmonary fibrosis community will be better equipped to design future trials that incorporate the redundant nature of these pathways as we move towards finding a cure for this unrelenting disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley R Rackow
- Dept of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - David J Nagel
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Authors contributed equally to this work
| | | | | | - Shannon Lacy
- US Army of Veterinary Corps, Fort Campbell, KY, USA
| | | | - Thomas H Thatcher
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - R Matthew Kottmann
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Patricia J Sime
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Ponce-Gallegos MA, Ramos-Martínez E, García-Carmona A, Mejía M, Nava-Quiroz KJ, Pérez-Rubio G, Ambrocio-Ortiz E, González-Pérez MI, Buendía-Roldán I, Rojas-Serrano J, Falfán-Valencia R. Genetic Susceptibility to Antisynthetase Syndrome Associated With Single-Nucleotide Variants in the IL1B Gene That Lead Variation in IL-1β Serum Levels. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:547186. [PMID: 33330522 PMCID: PMC7732678 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.547186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The antisynthetase syndrome (ASSD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by myositis, arthritis, mechanic's hands, fever, Raynaud phenomenon, and interstitial lung disease (ILD). We aimed to evaluate single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the interleukin 1B (IL1B) gene and their association between ILD with antisynthetase autoantibodies, as well as IL-1β serum levels. The most frequent antisynthetase autoantibody was anti-Jo1. The most frequent tomographic pattern was non-specific interstitial pneumonia, whereas in the anti-Jo1 subjects, it was organized pneumonia. Anti-Jo1 patients tend to have more significant arthritis, and Raynaud phenomenon have higher levels of creatinine phosphokinase. In the IL1B gene, the GG genotype and G allele of rs1143634 [odds ratio (OR) = 2.21 and OR = 2.60, respectively, p < 0.05] are associated with an increased risk, as well as with the dominant and recessive models (p < 0.05). This finding is maintained after logistic regression analysis adjusting for potential confounding variables (p < 0.05). Subjects with the rs16944/AG heterozygous genotype had higher serum levels of IL-1β compared to homozygous (p < 0.05). In conclusion, rs1143634 is associated with a higher risk of ASSD. Also, the GA genotype is associated with higher levels of IL-1β in ASSD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Espiridión Ramos-Martínez
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana García-Carmona
- HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mayra Mejía
- Interstitial Lung Disease and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karol J. Nava-Quiroz
- HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gloria Pérez-Rubio
- HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Ambrocio-Ortiz
- HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Montserrat I. González-Pérez
- Interstitial Lung Disease and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ivette Buendía-Roldán
- Translational Research Laboratory on Aging and Pulmonary Fibrosis, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Rojas-Serrano
- Interstitial Lung Disease and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ramcés Falfán-Valencia
- HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
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46
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Fang Y, Tian J, Fan Y, Cao P. Latest progress on the molecular mechanisms of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9811-9820. [PMID: 33230784 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06000-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a serious life-threatening lung disease, and the median survival period of PF patients after diagnosis is only 2.5-3.5 years. At present, there are no effective drugs or therapeutics to reverse or even inhibit IPF. The main pathological characteristics of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) include damage to alveolar epithelial cells, fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix accumulation, which gradually lead to damage to the lung structure and decreased lung function. It is important to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of PF comprehensively and clearly. In this paper, critical signaling pathways related to PF were reviewed to present updates on the molecular mechanisms of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 20 East Road of 2nd South Ring, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jingya Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 20 East Road of 2nd South Ring, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.,College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yumei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 20 East Road of 2nd South Ring, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| | - Pengxiu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 20 East Road of 2nd South Ring, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
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47
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Sriram K, Insel PA. A hypothesis for pathobiology and treatment of COVID-19: The centrality of ACE1/ACE2 imbalance. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:4825-4844. [PMID: 32333398 PMCID: PMC7572451 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme2 is the cell surface binding site for the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19. We propose that an imbalance in the action of ACE1- and ACE2-derived peptides, thereby enhancing angiotensin II (Ang II) signalling is primary driver of COVID-19 pathobiology. ACE1/ACE2 imbalance occurs due to the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2, reducing ACE2-mediated conversion of Ang II to Ang peptides that counteract pathophysiological effects of ACE1-generated ANG II. This hypothesis suggests several approaches to treat COVID-19 by restoring ACE1/ACE2 balance: (a) AT receptor antagonists; (b) ACE1 inhibitors (ACEIs); (iii) agonists of receptors activated by ACE2-derived peptides (e.g. Ang (1-7), which activates MAS1); (d) recombinant human ACE2 or ACE2 peptides as decoys for the virus. Reducing ACE1/ACE2 imbalance is predicted to blunt COVID-19-associated morbidity and mortality, especially in vulnerable patients. Importantly, approved AT antagonists and ACEIs can be rapidly repurposed to test their efficacy in treating COVID-19. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on The Pharmacology of COVID-19. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.21/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Sriram
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Paul A. Insel
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
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48
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Sriram K, Insel PA. A hypothesis for pathobiology and treatment of COVID-19: The centrality of ACE1/ACE2 imbalance. Br J Pharmacol 2020. [PMID: 32333398 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15082.10.1111/bph.15082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme2 is the cell surface binding site for the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19. We propose that an imbalance in the action of ACE1- and ACE2-derived peptides, thereby enhancing angiotensin II (Ang II) signalling is primary driver of COVID-19 pathobiology. ACE1/ACE2 imbalance occurs due to the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2, reducing ACE2-mediated conversion of Ang II to Ang peptides that counteract pathophysiological effects of ACE1-generated ANG II. This hypothesis suggests several approaches to treat COVID-19 by restoring ACE1/ACE2 balance: (a) AT receptor antagonists; (b) ACE1 inhibitors (ACEIs); (iii) agonists of receptors activated by ACE2-derived peptides (e.g. Ang (1-7), which activates MAS1); (d) recombinant human ACE2 or ACE2 peptides as decoys for the virus. Reducing ACE1/ACE2 imbalance is predicted to blunt COVID-19-associated morbidity and mortality, especially in vulnerable patients. Importantly, approved AT antagonists and ACEIs can be rapidly repurposed to test their efficacy in treating COVID-19. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on The Pharmacology of COVID-19. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.21/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Sriram
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paul A Insel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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49
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Karamian A, Paktinat S, Esfandyari S, Nazarian H, Ziai SA, Zarnani AH, Salehpour S, Hosseinirad H, Karamian A, Novin MG. Pyrvinium pamoate induces in-vitro suppression of IL-6 and IL-8 produced by human endometriotic stromal cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 40:649-660. [PMID: 33021119 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120964543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis, a chronic inflammatory disease, is identified by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. The prevalence of this disease among reproductive-age women is almost 10-15%. High levels of IL-6 and IL-8 have been found in the peritoneal fluid (PF) of women with endometriosis and are involved in its pathogenesis. Isolated stromal cells from 12 ectopic and eutopic endometrial biopsies of women with ovarian endometrioma and also 12 endometrial biopsies of nonendometriotic controls were treated with 1.1 µM pyrvinium pamoate, a Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibitor, for 72 hrs. Before treatment, mRNA gene expression and secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly higher in ectopic (EESCs) than eutopic (EuESCs) and control (CESCs) endometrial stromal cells. After treatment, mRNA gene expression and also secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly reduced. Our Findings showed that pyrvinium pamoate suppresses the mRNA gene expression and secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 in human endometriotic stromal cells. Additional investigations on this compound are required before clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Karamian
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, 274946School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Paktinat
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, 274946School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Esfandyari
- Department of Anatomy, 48504School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Nazarian
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, 274946School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Ziai
- Department of Pharmacology, 274946School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir-Hassan Zarnani
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saghar Salehpour
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinirad
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, 274946School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armin Karamian
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, 48468Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Marefat Ghaffari Novin
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, 274946School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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50
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Tu J, Huang W, Zhang W, Mei J, Zhu C. The emerging role of lncRNAs in chondrocytes from osteoarthritis patients. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110642. [PMID: 32927251 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in many physiological and pathological processes, including osteoarthritis (OA). Recent studies have demonstrated that lncRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of OA by affecting various essential cellular features of chondrocytes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). However, there are only a limited number of studies in this area, indicating that the role of lncRNAs in OA may have been overlooked. The aim of this literature review is to summarize the versatile roles and molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in chondrocytes involved in OA. At the end of this article, the function of the lncRNA HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) in chondrocytes in OA is highlighted. Because lncRNAs affect proliferation, apoptosis, inflammatory responses, and ECM degradation by chondrocytes in OA, they may serve as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for the diagnosis or treatment of OA. The specific role and related mechanisms of lncRNAs in OA warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Tu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Departments of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiawei Mei
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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