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Fang C, Ren P, He Y, Wang Y, Yao S, Zhao C, Li X, Zhang X, Li J, Li M. Spinster homolog 2/S1P signaling ameliorates macrophage inflammatory response to bacterial infections by balancing PGE 2 production. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:463. [PMID: 39350143 PMCID: PMC11440679 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01851-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria play a crucial role in shaping the macrophage inflammatory response during bacterial infections. Spinster homolog 2 (Spns2), responsible for sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) secretion, acts as a key regulator of mitochondrial dynamics in macrophages. However, the link between Spns2/S1P signaling and mitochondrial functions remains unclear. METHODS Peritoneal macrophages were isolated from both wild-type and Spns2 knockout rats, followed by non-targeted metabolomics and RNA sequencing analysis to identify the potential mediators through which Spns2/S1P signaling influences the mitochondrial functions in macrophages. Various agonists and antagonists were used to modulate the activation of Spns2/S1P signaling and its downstream pathways, with the underlying mechanisms elucidated through western blotting. Mitochondrial functions were assessed using flow cytometry and oxygen consumption assays, as well as morphological analysis. The impact on inflammatory response was validated through both in vitro and in vivo sepsis models, with the specific role of macrophage-expressed Spns2 in sepsis evaluated using Spns2flox/floxLyz2-Cre mice. Additionally, the regulation of mitochondrial functions by Spns2/S1P signaling was confirmed using THP-1 cells, a human monocyte-derived macrophage model. RESULTS In this study, we unveil prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as a pivotal mediator involved in Spns2/S1P-mitochondrial communication. Spns2/S1P signaling suppresses PGE2 production to support malate-aspartate shuttle activity. Conversely, excessive PGE2 resulting from Spns2 deficiency impairs mitochondrial respiration, leading to intracellular lactate accumulation and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through E-type prostanoid receptor 4 activation. The overactive lactate-ROS axis contributes to the early-phase hyperinflammation during infections. Prolonged exposure to elevated PGE2 due to Spns2 deficiency culminates in subsequent immunosuppression, underscoring the dual roles of PGE2 in inflammation throughout infections. The regulation of PGE2 production by Spns2/S1P signaling appears to depend on the coordinated activation of multiple S1P receptors rather than any single one. CONCLUSIONS These findings emphasize PGE2 as a key effector of Spns2/S1P signaling on mitochondrial dynamics in macrophages, elucidating the mechanisms through which Spns2/S1P signaling balances both early hyperinflammation and subsequent immunosuppression during bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pan Ren
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yejun He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yitian Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuting Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Congying Zhao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xueyong Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Jinqing Li
- Department of Burns, Plastic and Wound Repair Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Mingkai Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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2
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Entrup GP, Unadkat A, Warheit-Niemi HI, Thomas B, Gurczynski SJ, Cui Y, Smith AM, Gallagher KA, Moore BB, Singer K. Obesity Inhibits Alveolar Macrophage Responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pneumonia via Upregulation of Prostaglandin E2 in Male, but Not Female, Mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:317-327. [PMID: 38905107 PMCID: PMC11250913 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality during bacterial pneumonia. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and PGE2 have been shown to be upregulated in patients who are obese. In this study, we investigated the role of obesity and PGE2 in bacterial pneumonia and how inhibition of PGE2 improves antibacterial functions of macrophages. C57BL/6J male and female mice were fed either a normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 wk. After this time, animals were infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the lung. In uninfected animals, alveolar macrophages were extracted for either RNA analysis or to be cultured ex vivo for functional analysis. HFD resulted in changes in immune cell numbers in both noninfected and infected animals. HFD animals had increased bacterial burden compared with ND animals; however, male HFD animals had higher bacterial burden compared with HFD females. Alveolar macrophages from HFD males had decreased ability to phagocytize and kill bacteria and were shown to have increased cyclooxygenase-2 and PGE2. Treating male, but not female, alveolar macrophages with PGE2 leads to increases in cAMP and decreased bacterial phagocytosis. Treatment with lumiracoxib-conjugated nanocarriers targeting alveolar macrophages improves bacterial phagocytosis and clearance in both ND and HFD male animals. Our study highlights that obesity leads to worse morbidity during bacterial pneumonia in male mice because of elevated PGE2. In addition, we uncover a sex difference in both obesity and infection, because females produce high basal PGE2 but because of a failure to signal via cAMP do not display impaired phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aayush Unadkat
- College of Literature, Science and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Brooke Thomas
- College of Literature, Science and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Stephen J Gurczynski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Yuxiao Cui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL
| | - Andrew M Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL
| | | | - Bethany B Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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3
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Yu F, Gao L, Xu K, Yang X, Zhang J, Tang Y, Ma Z, Gu W, Wu B, Shi Y. Protective effect of liver X receptor on cigarette smoke and lipopolysaccharide induced airway inflammation and emphysema in mice. Exp Lung Res 2024; 50:53-64. [PMID: 38509754 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2024.2329436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to assess the impact of Liver X receptors (LXRs) on airway inflammation, airway remodeling, and lipid deposition induced by cigarette smoke and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure in the lung. METHODS Wild mice and LXR-deficient mice were exposed to cigarette smoke and LPS to induce airway inflammation and remodeling. In addition, some wild mice received intraperitoneal treatment with the LXR agonist GW3965 before exposure to cigarette smoke and LPS. Lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were collected to evaluate airway inflammation, airway remodeling and lipid deposition. RESULTS Exposure to cigarette smoke and LPS resulted in airway inflammation, emphysema and lipid accumulation in wild mice. These mice also exhibited downregulated LXRα and ABCA1 in the lung. Treatment with GW3965 mitigated inflammation, remodeling and lipid deposition, while the deletion of LXRs exacerbated these effects. Furthermore, GW3965 treatment following exposure to cigarette smoke and LPS increased LXRα and ABCA1 expression and attenuated MyD88 expression in wild mice. CONCLUSION LXRs demonstrate the potential to mitigate cigarette smoke and LPS- induced airway inflammation, emphysema and lipid disposition in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfang Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing YuHua Hospital, Yuhua Branch of Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobing Yang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junran Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Department of Thoracic surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhifei Ma
- Department of Thoracic surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bining Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing YuHua Hospital, Yuhua Branch of Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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4
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Mohanty S, Lindelauf C, White JK, Scheffschick A, Ehrenborg E, Demirel I, Brauner H, Brauner A. Inhibition of COX-2 signaling favors E. coli during urinary tract infection. J Inflamm (Lond) 2023; 20:30. [PMID: 37697284 PMCID: PMC10496388 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-023-00356-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To avoid the overuse of antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), acting via cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition, have been used to reduce pain and as an alternative treatment for uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs). However, clinical studies evaluating NSAIDs versus antibiotics have reported an increased risk of acute pyelonephritis. Therefore, we hypothesized that COX inhibition could compromise the innate immune response and contribute to complications in patients with uncomplicated UTI. RESULTS We here demonstrate that in particular COX-2 inhibition led to decreased expression of the antimicrobial peptides psoriasin and human β-defensin-2 in human uroepithelial cells. Psoriasin expression was altered in neutrophils and macrophages. COX-2 inhibition also had impact on the inflammasome mediated IL-1β expression in response to uroepithelial E. coli infection. Further, COX-2 inhibition downregulated free radicals and the epithelial barrier protein claudin 1, favoring infectivity. In addition, conditioned media from COX-2 inhibited uroepithelial cells infected with E. coli failed to activate macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data suggests an adverse innate immune effect of COX-2 inhibition on uroepithelial cells during UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Mohanty
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ciska Lindelauf
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Kerr White
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Scheffschick
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ewa Ehrenborg
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine at BioClinicum, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Isak Demirel
- iRiSC - Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Hanna Brauner
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Dermato-Venereology Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annelie Brauner
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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5
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Abeysinghe P, Turner N, Mosaad E, Logan J, Mitchell MD. Dynamics of inflammatory cytokine expression in bovine endometrial cells exposed to cow blood plasma small extracellular vesicles (sEV) may reflect high fertility. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5425. [PMID: 37012302 PMCID: PMC10070242 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32045-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant inflammation in the endometrium impairs reproduction and leads to poor fertility. Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) are nanoparticles 30-200 nm in-size and contain transferable bioactive molecules that reflect the parent cell. Holstein-Friesian dairy cows with divergent genetic merit, high- (n = 10) and low-fertile (n = 10), were identified based on fertility breeding value (FBV), cow ovulation synchronization and postpartum anovulatory intervals (PPAI). In this study, we evaluated the effects of sEVs enriched from plasma of high-fertile (HF-EXO) and low-fertile (LF-EXO) dairy cows on inflammatory mediator expression by bovine endometrial epithelial (bEEL) and stromal (bCSC) cells. Exposure to HF-EXO in bCSC and bEEL cells yielded lower expression of PTGS1 and PTGS2 compared to the control. In bCSC cells exposed to HF-EXO, pro-inflammatory cytokine IL1-α was downregulated compared to the untreated control, IL-12α and IL-8 were downregulated compared to the LF-EXO treatment. Our findings demonstrate that sEVs interact with both endometrial epithelial and stromal cells to initiate differential gene expression, specifically genes relate to inflammation. Therefore, even subtle changes on the inflammatory gene cascade in the endometrium via sEV may affect reproductive performance and/or outcomes. Further, sEV from high-fertile animals acts in a unique direction to deactivate prostaglandin synthases in both bCSC and bEEL cells and deactivate pro-inflammatory cytokines in the endometrial stroma. The results suggest that circulating sEV may serve as a potential biomarker of fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pevindu Abeysinghe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia.
| | - Natalie Turner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Eman Mosaad
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Jayden Logan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Murray D Mitchell
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia.
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6
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Exploring the Interaction between 3-D Structure of TLR 9 and Prostaglandin Analogues. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
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7
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Chen J, Deng JC, Zemans RL, Bahmed K, Kosmider B, Zhang M, Peters-Golden M, Goldstein DR. Age-induced prostaglandin E 2 impairs mitochondrial fitness and increases mortality to influenza infection. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6759. [PMID: 36351902 PMCID: PMC9643978 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging impairs the immune responses to influenza A virus (IAV), resulting in increased mortality to IAV infections in older adults. However, the factors within the aged lung that compromise host defense to IAV remain unknown. Using a murine model and human samples, we identified prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), as such a factor. Senescent type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) are overproducers of PGE2 within the aged lung. PGE2 impairs the proliferation of alveolar macrophages (AMs), critical cells for defense against respiratory pathogens, via reduction of oxidative phosphorylation and mitophagy. Importantly, blockade of the PGE2 receptor EP2 in aged mice improves AM mitochondrial function, increases AM numbers and enhances survival to IAV infection. In conclusion, our study reveals a key mechanism that compromises host defense to IAV, and possibly other respiratory infections, with aging and suggests potential new therapeutic or preventative avenues to protect against viral respiratory disease in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jane C Deng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Rachel L Zemans
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Karim Bahmed
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Beata Kosmider
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Marc Peters-Golden
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Daniel R Goldstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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8
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Concentrations of PGE2 and TXB2 in the Eyes of Mice with Disseminated Acanthamoebiasis. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11040438. [PMID: 35456113 PMCID: PMC9025194 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11040438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that Acanthamoeba spp. may invade the eyes by migrating along the optic nerve to the eyes from the brain. This study aimed to confirm the presence of inflammation in the eyes of mice with disseminated acanthamoebiasis by examining prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) concentrations in the eyes of immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice intranasally inoculated with Acanthamoeba spp. The PGE2 concentration was statistically significantly lower in the immunocompromised amoebae-infected mice on 8 dpi compared with the noninfected group of animals, and it was higher in the eyes of immunosuppressed amoebae-infected mice on 16 dpi than in the control group of animals. There was a statistically significant lower TXB2 concentration in the eyes of immunocompetent infected mice compared with the noninfected group on 8 dpi. However, on 24 dpi, we noted statistically significant higher TXB2 levels in the immunocompetent infected mice than in the control group. In immunocompromised mice, there was a lower TXB2 level on 8 dpi than in control mice. This study confirmed the existence of an inflammatory process in the eyes of immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice infected with Acanthamoeba spp. without damaged corneas.
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9
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Jiménez-González A, Gómez-Acevedo C, Ochoa-Aguilar A, Chavarría A. The Role of Glia in Addiction: Dopamine as a Modulator of Glial Responses in Addiction. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:2109-2120. [PMID: 34057683 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Addiction is a chronic and potentially deadly disease considered a global health problem. Nevertheless, there is still no ideal treatment for its management. The alterations in the reward system are the most known pathophysiological mechanisms. Dopamine is the pivotal neurotransmitter involved in neuronal drug reward mechanisms and its neuronal mechanisms have been intensely investigated in recent years. However, neuroglial interactions and their relation to drug addiction development and maintenance of drug addiction have been understudied. Many reports have found that most neuroglial cells express dopamine receptors and that dopamine activity may induce neuroimmunomodulatory effects. Furthermore, current research has also shown that pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules modulate dopaminergic neuron activity. Thus, studying the immune mechanisms of dopamine associated with drug abuse is vital in researching new pathophysiological mechanisms and new therapeutic targets for addiction management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Jiménez-González
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Gómez-Acevedo
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abraham Ochoa-Aguilar
- Plan de Estudios Combinados en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anahí Chavarría
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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10
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Bradbury P, Rumzhum NN, Ammit AJ. EP 2 and EP 4 receptor antagonists: Impact on cytokine production and β 2 -adrenergic receptor desensitization in human airway smooth muscle. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:11070-11077. [PMID: 30536718 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) is a key prostanoid known to have both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory impact in the context of chronic respiratory diseases. We hypothesize that these opposing effects may be the result of different prostanoid E (EP) receptor-mediated signaling pathways. In this study, we focus on two of the four EP receptors, EP2 and EP4 , as they are known to induce cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent signaling pathways. Using primary human airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells, we first focussed on the PGE2 -induced production of two cAMP-dependent proinflammatory mediators: interleukin 6 (IL-6) and cyclo-oxygenase 2 production. We show that PGE2 -induced IL-6 protein secretion occurs via an EP2 -mediated pathway, in a manner independent of receptor-mediated effects on messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and temporal activation kinetics of the transcription factor cAMP response element binding. Moreover, stimulation of ASM with PGE2 did not establish a positive, receptor-mediated, feedback loop, as mRNA expression for EP2 and EP4 receptors were not upregulated and receptor antagonists were without effect. Our studies revealed that the EP2 , but not the EP4 , receptor is responsible for β2 -adrenergic desensitization induced by PGE2 . We demonstrate that PGE2 -induced heterologous receptor desensitization responsible for tachyphylaxis to short- (salbutamol) or long- (formoterol) β2 -agonists (measured by cAMP release) can be reversed by the EP2 receptor antagonist PF-04418948. Importantly, this study highlights that inhibiting the EP2 receptor restores β2 -adrenergic receptor function in vitro and offers an attractive novel therapeutic target for treating infectious exacerbations in people suffering from chronic respiratory diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peta Bradbury
- Woolcock Emphysema Centre, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nowshin N Rumzhum
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alaina J Ammit
- Woolcock Emphysema Centre, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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11
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Abstract
The body is exposed to foreign pathogens every day, but remarkably, most pathogens are effectively cleared by the innate immune system without the need to invoke the adaptive immune response. Key cellular components of the innate immune system include macrophages and neutrophils and the recruitment and function of these cells are tightly regulated by chemokines and cytokines in the tissue space. Innate immune responses are also known to regulate development of adaptive immune responses often via the secretion of various cytokines. In addition to these protein regulators, numerous lipid mediators can also influence innate and adaptive immune functions. In this review, we cover one particular lipid regulator, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and describe its synthesis and signaling and what is known about the ability of this lipid to regulate immunity and host defense against viral, fungal and bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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12
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Guillamat-Prats R, Puig F, Camprubí-Rimblas M, Herrero R, Serrano-Mollar A, Gómez MN, Tijero J, Matthay MA, Blanch L, Artigas A. Intratracheal instillation of alveolar type II cells enhances recovery from acute lung injury in rats. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017; 37:782-791. [PMID: 29229270 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are characterized by excess production of inflammatory factors. Alveolar type II (ATII) cells help repair damaged lung tissue, rapidly proliferating and differentiating into alveolar type I cells after epithelial cell injury. In ALI, the lack of viable ATII favors progression to more severe lung injury. ATII cells regulate the immune response by synthesizing surfactant and other anti-inflammatory proteins and lipids. Cross-talk between ATII and other cells such as macrophages may also be part of the ATII function. The aim of this study was to test the anti-inflammatory and reparative effects of ATII cells in an experimental model of ALI. METHODS In this study ATII cells (2.5 × 106 cells/animal) were intratracheally instilled in rats with HCl and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI and in healthy animals to check for side effects. The specific effect of ATII cells was compared with fibroblast transplantation. RESULTS ATII cell transplantation promoted recovery of lung function, decrease mortality and lung inflammation of the animals with ALI. The primary mechanisms for benefit were paracrine effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and surfactant protein A (SPA) released from ATII cells that modulate alveolar macrophages to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. To our knowledge, these data are the first to provide evidence that ATII cells secrete PGE2 and SPA, reducing pro-inflammatory macrophage activation and ALI. CONCLUSION ATII cells and their secreted molecules have shown an ability to resolve ALI, thereby highlighting a potential novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Guillamat-Prats
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain; Institut d' Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Ferranda Puig
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain; Institut d' Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Camprubí-Rimblas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain; Institut d' Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain; Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Raquel Herrero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain; Intensive Care Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | - Anna Serrano-Mollar
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain; Department of Experimental Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maria Nieves Gómez
- Institut d' Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jessica Tijero
- Institut d' Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Michael A Matthay
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lluís Blanch
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain; Institut d' Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain; Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Critical Care Center, Corporació Sanitària i Universitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Antonio Artigas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain; Institut d' Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain; Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Critical Care Center, Corporació Sanitària i Universitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain
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13
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Tamura K, Ishikawa G, Yoshie M, Ohneda W, Nakai A, Takeshita T, Tachikawa E. Glibenclamide inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β secretion in human trophoblasts. J Pharmacol Sci 2017; 135:89-95. [PMID: 29056256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2017.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection-associated pregnancy complications cause premature delivery. Caspase-1 is involved in the maturation of interleukin (IL)-1β, which is activated by the NLRP3 inflammasome. To characterize the significance of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in the placenta, the effects of activators and inhibitors on NLRP3-related molecules were examined using isolated primary trophoblasts. Caspase-1 and IL-1β mRNA expression was markedly increased in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a toll-like receptor (TLR)4 ligand. Treatment with the potassium ionophore nigericin significantly increased the level of activated caspase-1. Treatment with either LPS or nigericin stimulated IL-1β secretion, whereas pretreatment with the ATP-sensitive K+ channel inhibitor glibenclamide, the Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase inhibitor Y-27632, or a caspase-1 inhibitor significantly decreased nigericin-induced IL-1β secretion. In addition, dibutyryl-cAMP, which induces trophoblast differentiation, decreased expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β. These findings suggest that trophoblasts can secrete IL-1β through the NLRP3/caspase-1 pathway, which is suppressed by glibenclamide, and that the TLR4-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome pathway is more likely to be stimulated in undifferentiated than differentiated trophoblasts. Our data support the hypothesis that inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome can suppress placental inflammation-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Tamura
- Department of Endocrine & Neural Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Gen Ishikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nippon Medical School, 1-7-1, Nagayama, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Yoshie
- Department of Endocrine & Neural Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Wakana Ohneda
- Department of Endocrine & Neural Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Akihito Nakai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nippon Medical School, 1-7-1, Nagayama, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takeshita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Eiichi Tachikawa
- Department of Endocrine & Neural Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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14
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Sander WJ, O'Neill HG, Pohl CH. Prostaglandin E 2 As a Modulator of Viral Infections. Front Physiol 2017; 8:89. [PMID: 28261111 PMCID: PMC5306375 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections are a major cause of infectious diseases worldwide. Inflammation and the immune system are the major host defenses against these viral infection. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), an eicosanoid generated by cyclooxygenases, has been shown to modulate inflammation and the immune system by regulating the expression/concentration of cytokines. The effect of PGE2 on viral infection and replication is cell type- and virus-family-dependent. The host immune system can be modulated by PGE2, with regards to immunosuppression, inhibition of nitrogen oxide (NO) production, inhibition of interferon (IFN) and apoptotic pathways, and inhibition of viral receptor expression. Furthermore, PGE2 can play a role in viral infection directly by increasing the production and release of virions, inhibiting viral binding and replication, and/or stimulating viral gene expression. PGE2 may also have a regulatory role in the induction of autoimmunity and in signaling via Toll-like receptors. In this review the known effects of PGE2 on the pathogenesis of various infections caused by herpes simplex virus, rotavirus, influenza A virus and human immunodeficiency virus as well the therapeutic potential of PGE2 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carolina H. Pohl
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free StateBloemfontein, South Africa
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15
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Riesberg LA, Weed SA, McDonald TL, Eckerson JM, Drescher KM. Beyond muscles: The untapped potential of creatine. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 37:31-42. [PMID: 26778152 PMCID: PMC4915971 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Creatine is widely used by both elite and recreational athletes as an ergogenic aid to enhance anaerobic exercise performance. Older individuals also use creatine to prevent sarcopenia and, accordingly, may have therapeutic benefits for muscle wasting diseases. Although the effect of creatine on the musculoskeletal system has been extensively studied, less attention has been paid to its potential effects on other physiological systems. Because there is a significant pool of creatine in the brain, the utility of creatine supplementation has been examined in vitro as well as in vivo in both animal models of neurological disorders and in humans. While the data are preliminary, there is evidence to suggest that individuals with certain neurological conditions may benefit from exogenous creatine supplementation if treatment protocols can be optimized. A small number of studies that have examined the impact of creatine on the immune system have shown an alteration in soluble mediator production and the expression of molecules involved in recognizing infections, specifically toll-like receptors. Future investigations evaluating the total impact of creatine supplementation are required to better understand the benefits and risks of creatine use, particularly since there is increasing evidence that creatine may have a regulatory impact on the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Riesberg
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Stephanie A Weed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Thomas L McDonald
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986495, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6495, USA
| | - Joan M Eckerson
- Department of Exercise Science and Pre-Health Professions, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Kristen M Drescher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA.
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16
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Speth JM, Bourdonnay E, Penke LRK, Mancuso P, Moore BB, Weinberg JB, Peters-Golden M. Alveolar Epithelial Cell-Derived Prostaglandin E2 Serves as a Request Signal for Macrophage Secretion of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 during Innate Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:5112-20. [PMID: 27183597 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Preservation of gas exchange mandates that the pulmonary alveolar surface restrain unnecessarily harmful inflammatory responses to the many challenges to which it is exposed. These responses reflect the cross-talk between alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) and resident alveolar macrophages (AMs). We recently determined that AMs can secrete suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins within microparticles. Uptake of these SOCS-containing vesicles by epithelial cells inhibits cytokine-induced STAT activation. However, the ability of epithelial cells to direct AM release of SOCS-containing vesicles in response to inflammatory insults has not been studied. In this study, we report that SOCS3 protein was elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of both virus- and bacteria-infected mice, as well as in an in vivo LPS model of acute inflammation. In vitro studies revealed that AEC-conditioned medium (AEC-CM) enhanced AM SOCS3 secretion above basal levels. Increased amounts of PGE2 were present in AEC-CM after LPS challenge, and both pharmacologic inhibition of PGE2 synthesis in AECs and neutralization of PGE2 in AEC-CM implicated this prostanoid as the major AEC-derived factor mediating enhanced AM SOCS3 secretion. Moreover, pharmacologic blockade of PGE2 synthesis or genetic deletion of a PGE2 synthase similarly attenuated the increase in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid SOCS3 noted in lungs of mice challenged with LPS in vivo. These results demonstrate a novel tunable form of cross-talk in which AECs use PGE2 as a signal to request SOCS3 from AMs to dampen their endogenous inflammatory responses during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Speth
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Emilie Bourdonnay
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Loka Raghu Kumar Penke
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Peter Mancuso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
| | - Jason B Weinberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Marc Peters-Golden
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;
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17
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Fullerton JN, Gilroy DW. Resolution of inflammation: a new therapeutic frontier. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2016; 15:551-67. [PMID: 27020098 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2016.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 585] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated inflammation is a central pathological process in diverse disease states. Traditionally, therapeutic approaches have sought to modulate the pro- or anti-inflammatory limbs of inflammation, with mixed success. However, insight into the pathways by which inflammation is resolved has highlighted novel opportunities to pharmacologically manipulate these processes - a strategy that might represent a complementary (and perhaps even superior) therapeutic approach. This Review discusses the state of the art in the biology of resolution of inflammation, highlighting the opportunities and challenges for translational research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Fullerton
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, 5 University Street, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Derek W Gilroy
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, 5 University Street, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, UK
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18
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Baird AC, Lloyd F, Lawrance IC. Prostaglandin E₂ and polyenylphosphatidylcholine protect against intestinal fibrosis and regulate myofibroblast function. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:1603-16. [PMID: 25630423 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3552-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis is a serious and often recurrent complication of inflammatory bowel disease despite surgical intervention. The anti-fibrotic potential of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and polyenylphosphatidylcholine (PC) was investigated using the murine model of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced chronic intestinal inflammation and fibrosis, and murine and human intestinal myofibroblasts. METHODS Mice were treated with TNBS enemas weekly for 2 or 6 weeks ± PGE2 (10 mg/kg/day orally) or PC (200 mg/kg/day orally). Inflammation and fibrosis were histologically assessed and scored. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, TLR4, and ECM-related gene expression from the colonic tissue and cultured myofibroblasts were assessed by RT-qPCR. The levels of α-SMA(+) staining and endogenous PGE2 in vivo were also assessed. RESULTS Both PGE2 and PC treatment significantly decreased TNBS-induced intestinal inflammation and excess collagen deposition in vivo. This was accompanied by decreased α-SMA(+) staining in the lamina propria and lower collagen type I (COL1α1) expression. Endogenous PGE2 levels demonstrated that PC was not being converted into PGE2, thus mediating its effects primarily via PGE2-independent pathways. Both PGE2 and the PC isoform, 1,2-dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC), regulated primary mouse myofibroblast and CCD-18co COL1α1 production, and induced lower collagen type I to III and TGF-β1 to TGF-β3 ratios, demonstrating their ability to induced normal healing in the presence of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (protein kinase C-dependent inducer of collagen production). CONCLUSION PGE2 and PC both have potent anti-fibrogenic potentials in their ability to regulate inflammatory cell and myofibroblast accumulation within inflamed tissue, to decrease pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and to maintain normal healing in an inflammatory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Baird
- Fremantle Unit, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Level 6, T Block, Fremantle Hospital, University of Western Australia, Alma Street, Fremantle, WA, 6010, Australia,
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