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Xiang K, Ren M, Liu F, Li Y, He P, Gong X, Chen T, Wu T, Huang Z, She H, Liu K, Jing Z, Yang S. Tobacco toxins trigger bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells aging by inhibiting mitophagy. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 277:116392. [PMID: 38677065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Smoking disrupts bone homeostasis and serves as an independent risk factor for the development and progression of osteoporosis. Tobacco toxins inhibit the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), promote BMSCs aging and exhaustion, but the specific mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Herein, we successfully established a smoking-related osteoporosis (SROP) model in rats and mice through intraperitoneal injection of cigarette smoke extract (CSE), which significantly reduced bone density and induced aging and inhibited osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs both in vivo and in vitro. Bioinformatics analysis and in vitro experiments confirmed that CSE disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis through oxidative stress and inhibition of mitophagy. Furthermore, we discovered that CSE induced BMSCs aging by upregulating phosphorylated AKT, which in turn inhibited the expression of FOXO3a and the Pink1/Parkin pathway, leading to the suppression of mitophagy and the accumulation of damaged mitochondria. MitoQ, a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant and mitophagy agonist, was effective in reducing CSE-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress, promoting mitophagy, significantly downregulating the expression of aging markers in BMSCs, restoring osteogenic differentiation, and alleviating bone loss and autophagy levels in CSE-exposed mice. In summary, our results suggest that BMSCs aging caused by the inhibition of mitophagy through the AKT/FOXO3a/Pink1/Parkin axis is a key mechanism in smoking-related osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xiang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Mingxing Ren
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Fengyi Liu
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yuzhou Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China.
| | - Ping He
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xuerui Gong
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Tao Chen
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Tianli Wu
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Ziyu Huang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Hui She
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Kehao Liu
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zheng Jing
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China.
| | - Sheng Yang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China.
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Wan Y, Fu J. GDF15 as a key disease target and biomarker: linking chronic lung diseases and ageing. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:453-466. [PMID: 37093513 PMCID: PMC10123484 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04743-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, is expressed in several human organs. In particular, it is highly expressed in the placenta, prostate, and liver. The expression of GDF15 increases under cellular stress and pathological conditions. Although numerous transcription factors directly up-regulate the expression of GDF15, the receptors and downstream mediators of GDF15 signal transduction in most tissues have not yet been determined. Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor α-like protein was recently identified as a specific receptor that plays a mediating role in anorexia. However, the specific receptors of GDF15 in other tissues and organs remain unclear. As a marker of cell stress, GDF15 appears to exert different effects under different pathological conditions. Cell senescence may be an important pathogenetic process and could be used to assess the progression of various lung diseases, including COVID-19. As a key member of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype protein repertoire, GDF15 seems to be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, although the specific molecular mechanism linking GDF15 expression with ageing remains to be elucidated. Here, we focus on research progress linking GDF15 expression with the pathogenesis of various chronic lung diseases, including neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary hypertension, suggesting that GDF15 may be a key biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis. Thus, in this review, we aimed to provide new insights into the molecular biological mechanism and emerging clinical data associated with GDF15 in lung-related diseases, while highlighting promising research and clinical prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wan
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Steinmetz J, Stemmler A, Hennig CL, Symmank J, Jacobs C. GDF15 Contributes to the Regulation of the Mechanosensitive Responses of PdL Fibroblasts through the Modulation of IL-37. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:39. [PMID: 38392243 PMCID: PMC10888100 DOI: 10.3390/dj12020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
During orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), areas of compressive and tensile forces are generated in the periodontal ligament (PdL), a mechanoreactive connective tissue between the teeth and alveolar bone. Mechanically stimulated PdL fibroblasts (PdLFs), the main cell type of PdL, express significantly increased levels of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15). In compressed PdL areas, GDF15 plays a fundamental role in modulating relevant OTM processes, including inflammation and osteoclast activation. However, the specific function of this factor in tensile areas has not yet been investigated. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of GDF15 in the mechanoresponse of human PdLFs (hPdLFs) that were exposed to biaxial tensile forces in vitro. Using siRNA-mediated knockdown experiments, we demonstrated that GDF15 had no impact on the anti-inflammatory force response of elongated hPdLFs. Although the anti-inflammatory markers IL1RN and IL10, as well as the activation of immune cells remained unaffected, we demonstrated an inhibitory role of GDF15 for the IL-37 expression. By analyzing osteogenic markers, including ALPL and RUNX2, along with an assessment of alkaline phosphatase activation, we further showed that the regulation of IL-37 by GDF15 modulates the osteogenic differentiation potential of hPdLFs. Despite bone resorption in tensile areas being rather limited, GDF15 was also found to positively modulate osteoclast activation in those areas, potentially by adjusting the IL-37 levels. In light of our new findings, we hypothesize that GDF15 modulates force-induced processes in tissue and bone remodeling through its various intra- and extracellular signaling pathways as well as interaction partners. Potentially acting as a master regulator, the modulation of GDF15 levels may hold relevance for clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Steinmetz
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Albert Stemmler
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Judit Symmank
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Collin Jacobs
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Al-Mudares F, Cantu Gutierrez M, Cantu A, Jiang W, Wang L, Dong X, Moorthy B, Sajti E, Lingappan K. Loss of growth differentiation factor 15 exacerbates lung injury in neonatal mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 325:L314-L326. [PMID: 37368978 PMCID: PMC10625832 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00086.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a divergent member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, and its expression increases under various stress conditions, including inflammation, hyperoxia, and senescence. GDF15 expression is increased in neonatal murine bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) models, and GDF15 loss exacerbates oxidative stress and decreases cellular viability in vitro. Our overall hypothesis is that the loss of GDF15 will exacerbate hyperoxic lung injury in the neonatal lung in vivo. We exposed neonatal Gdf15-/- mice and wild-type (WT) controls on a similar background to room air or hyperoxia (95% [Formula: see text]) for 5 days after birth. The mice were euthanized on postnatal day 21 (PND 21). Gdf15-/- mice had higher mortality and lower body weight than WT mice after exposure to hyperoxia. Hyperoxia exposure adversely impacted alveolarization and lung vascular development, with a greater impact in Gdf15-/- mice. Interestingly, Gdf15-/- mice showed lower macrophage count in the lungs compared with WT mice both under room air and after exposure to hyperoxia. Analysis of the lung transcriptome revealed marked divergence in gene expression and enriched biological pathways in WT and Gdf15-/- mice and differed markedly by biological sex. Notably, pathways related to macrophage activation and myeloid cell homeostasis were negatively enriched in Gdf15-/- mice. Loss of Gdf15 exacerbates mortality, lung injury, and the phenotype of the arrest of alveolarization in the developing lung with loss of female-sex advantage in Gdf15-/- mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show for the first time that loss of Gdf15 exacerbates mortality, lung injury, and the phenotype of the arrest of alveolarization in the developing lung with loss of female-sex advantage in Gdf15-/- mice. We also highlight the distinct pulmonary transcriptomic response in the Gdf15-/- lung including pathways related to macrophage recruitment and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faeq Al-Mudares
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Manuel Cantu Gutierrez
- Divsion of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Abiud Cantu
- Divsion of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Weiwu Jiang
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Lihua Wang
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Bhagavatula Moorthy
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Eniko Sajti
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Krithika Lingappan
- Divsion of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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Crue T, Lee GY, Peng JYC, Schaunaman N, Agraval H, Day BJ, Dimasuay KG, Cervantes D, Nouri H, Nichols T, Hartsoe P, Numata M, Petrache I, Chu HW. Single cell RNA-sequencing of human precision-cut lung slices: A novel approach to study the effect of vaping and viral infection on lung health. Innate Immun 2023; 29:61-70. [PMID: 37306239 PMCID: PMC10357887 DOI: 10.1177/17534259231181029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaping is an increasing health threat in the US and worldwide. The damaging impact of vaping on the human distal lung has been highlighted by the recent epidemic of electronic cigarette or vaping use-associated lung injury (EVALI). The pathogenesis of EVALI remains incompletely understood, due to a paucity of models that recapitulate the structural and functional complexity of the human distal lung and the still poorly defined culprit exposures to vaping products and respiratory viral infections. Our aim was to establish the feasibility of using single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology in human precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) as a more physiologically relevant model to better understand how vaping regulates the antiviral and pro-inflammatory response to influenza A virus infection. Normal healthy donor PCLS were treated with vaping extract and influenza A viruses for scRNA-seq analysis. Vaping extract augmented host antiviral and pro-inflammatory responses in structural cells such as lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts, as well as in immune cells such as macrophages and monocytes. Our findings suggest that human distal lung slice model is useful to study the heterogeneous responses of immune and structural cells under EVALI conditions, such as vaping and respiratory viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Crue
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Hina Agraval
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Brian J. Day
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Diana Cervantes
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Hamid Nouri
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Taylor Nichols
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Paige Hartsoe
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Mari Numata
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Irina Petrache
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Hong Wei Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
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Lösch L, Stemmler A, Fischer A, Steinmetz J, Schuldt L, Hennig CL, Symmank J, Jacobs C. GDF15 Promotes the Osteogenic Cell Fate of Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts, thus Affecting Their Mechanobiological Response. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10011. [PMID: 37373159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PdLFs) exert important functions in oral tissue and bone remodeling following mechanical forces, which are specifically applied during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Located between the teeth and the alveolar bone, mechanical stress activates the mechanomodulatory functions of PdLFs including regulating local inflammation and activating further bone-remodeling cells. Previous studies suggested growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) as an important pro-inflammatory regulator during the PdLF mechanoresponse. GDF15 exerts its effects through both intracrine signaling and receptor binding, possibly even in an autocrine manner. The extent to which PdLFs are susceptible to extracellular GDF15 has not yet been investigated. Thus, our study aims to examine the influence of GDF15 exposure on the cellular properties of PdLFs and their mechanoresponse, which seems particularly relevant regarding disease- and aging-associated elevated GDF15 serum levels. Therefore, in addition to investigating potential GDF15 receptors, we analyzed its impact on the proliferation, survival, senescence, and differentiation of human PdLFs, demonstrating a pro-osteogenic effect upon long-term stimulation. Furthermore, we observed altered force-related inflammation and impaired osteoclast differentiation. Overall, our data suggest a major impact of extracellular GDF15 on PdLF differentiation and their mechanoresponse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Lösch
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Albert Stemmler
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Adrian Fischer
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Steinmetz
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Lisa Schuldt
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Judit Symmank
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Collin Jacobs
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Radwanska A, Cottage CT, Piras A, Overed-Sayer C, Sihlbom C, Budida R, Wrench C, Connor J, Monkley S, Hazon P, Schluter H, Thomas MJ, Hogaboam CM, Murray LA. Increased expression and accumulation of GDF15 in IPF extracellular matrix contribute to fibrosis. JCI Insight 2022; 7:153058. [PMID: 35993367 PMCID: PMC9462497 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic disease of unmet medical need. It is characterized by formation of scar tissue leading to a progressive and irreversible decline in lung function. IPF is associated with repeated injury, which may alter the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we demonstrate that IPF patient–derived pulmonary ECM drives profibrotic response in normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLF) in a 3D spheroid assay. Next, we reveal distinct alterations in composition of the diseased ECM, identifying potentially novel associations with IPF. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) was identified among the most significantly upregulated proteins in the IPF lung–derived ECM. In vivo, GDF15 neutralization in a bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis model led to significantly less fibrosis. In vitro, recombinant GDF15 (rGDF15) stimulated α smooth muscle actin (αSMA) expression in NHLF, and this was mediated by the activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5) receptor. Furthermore, in the presence of rGDF15, the migration of NHLF in collagen gel was reduced. In addition, we observed a cell type–dependent effect of GDF15 on the expression of cell senescence markers. Our data suggest that GDF15 mediates lung fibrosis through fibroblast activation and differentiation, implicating a potential direct role of this matrix-associated cytokine in promoting aberrant cell responses in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Radwanska
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christopher Travis Cottage
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, R&I, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Antonio Piras
- Bioscience In Vivo, Research and Early Development, R&I, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Catherine Overed-Sayer
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, R&I, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carina Sihlbom
- Proteomics Core Facility of Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ramachandramouli Budida
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, R&I, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Catherine Wrench
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, R&I, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Connor
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, R&I, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan Monkley
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, R&I, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petra Hazon
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Holger Schluter
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matthew J. Thomas
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Lynne A. Murray
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, R&I, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Du Y, Ding Y, Shi T, He W, Mei Z, Feng X, Zhang X, Jie Z. Suppression of circXPO1 attenuates cigarette smoke-induced inflammation and cellular senescence of alveolar epithelial cells in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109086. [PMID: 35907337 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Smoking is an essential facet of the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is typically characterized by inflammation and cellular senescence of alveolar epithelial cells. In this study, we investigated the function and fundamental mechanism of a novel circular RNA XPO1 (circXPO1) in cigarette smoke (CS)-induced inflammation and cellular senescence of alveolar epithelial cells. We found that circXPO1 was overexpressed in the lungs of CS-exposed mice and the CS extract (CSE)-treated alveolar epithelial cell line MLE12. Suppression of circXPO1 inhibited CSE-induced inflammatory cytokine production and cellular senescence. In vivo assays also demonstrated that circXPO1 knockdown attenuates CS-induced inflammation and senescence in the mouse lungs. Mechanistically, circXPO1 can directly bind to miR-23b-3p, preventing miR-23b-3p from binding to its target TGF-β-activated kinase 1/MAP3K7 binding protein 3 (TAB3)mRNA. In addition, under CSE conditions, miR-23b-3p overexpression recapitulated the prophylactic effects of circXPO1 knockdown. Inhibition of miR-23b-3p attenuated the function of circXPO1 knockdown in CSE-treated MLE12 cells. These results reveal that circXPO1 plays a role in the pathogenesis of COPD by modulating TAB3 through sponging miR-23b-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Du
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tianyun Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhoufang Mei
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xintong Feng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhijun Jie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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9
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Deng M, Bian Y, Zhang Q, Zhou X, Hou G. Growth Differentiation Factor-15 as a Biomarker for Sarcopenia in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Nutr 2022; 9:897097. [PMID: 35845807 PMCID: PMC9282868 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.897097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sarcopenia is an important factor contributing to comorbidities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is an independent risk factor for increased mortality. The diagnostic process for sarcopenia requires specific equipment and specialized training and is difficult procedurally. A previous study found that GDF15 levels are associated with skeletal muscle mass and function in patients with COPD. However, whether circulating GDF15 levels can be used for the prediction of sarcopenia in patients with COPD is unknown. Methods This study included 235 patients with stable COPD who were divided into a development set (n = 117) and a validation set (n = 118), and we followed the definition of sarcopenia as defined by the guidelines from the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Serum concentrations of GDF15 were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and construction of a nomogram and decision curve analysis were performed using the R package “rms.” Results In this study, serum GDF15 levels were negatively associated with skeletal muscle mass (r = –0.204, p = 0.031), handgrip strength (r = –0.274, p = 0.004), quadriceps strength (r = –0.269, p = 0.029), and the thickness (r = –0.338, p < 0.001) and area (r = –0.335, p < 0.001) of the rectus femoris muscle in patients with COPD. Furthermore, the serum levels of GDF15 in patients with sarcopenia were significantly higher than those in controls. Importantly, serum levels of GDF15 could effectively predict sarcopenia in patients with COPD based on the development set (AUC = 0.827) and validation set (AUC = 0.801). Finally, a nomogram model based on serum GDF15 levels and clinical features showed good predictive ability (AUC > 0.89) in the development and validation sets. Conclusion Serum GDF15 levels could be used to accurately and easily evaluate sarcopenia in patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Deng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yiding Bian
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Respiratory Department, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Hou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Hou,
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Weng PW, Pikatan NW, Setiawan SA, Yadav VK, Fong IH, Hsu CH, Yeh CT, Lee WH. Role of GDF15/MAPK14 Axis in Chondrocyte Senescence as a Novel Senomorphic Agent in Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137043. [PMID: 35806043 PMCID: PMC9266723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is most prevalent in older individuals and exerts a heavy social and economic burden. However, an effective and noninvasive approach to OA treatment is currently not available. Chondrocyte senescence has recently been proposed as a key pathogenic mechanism in the etiology of OA. Furthermore, senescent chondrocytes (SnCCs) can release various proinflammatory cytokines, proteolytic enzymes, and other substances known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), allowing them to connect with surrounding cells and induce senesce. Studies have shown that the pharmacological elimination of SnCCs slows the progression of OA and promotes regeneration. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a member of the tumor growth factor (TGF) superfamily, has recently been identified as a possible aging biomarker and has been linked to a variety of clinical conditions, including coronary artery disease, diabetes, and multiple cancer types. Thus, we obtained data from a publicly available single-cell sequencing RNA database and observed that GDF15, a critical protein in cellular senescence, is highly expressed in early OA. In addition, GDF15 is implicated in the senescence and modulation of MAPK14 in OA. Tissue and synovial fluid samples obtained from OA patients showed overexpression of GDF15. Next, we treated C20A4 cell lines with interleukin (IL)-1β with or without shGDF15 then removed the conditioned medium, and cultured C20A4 and HUVEC cell lines with the aforementioned media. We observed that C20A4 cells treated with IL-1β exhibited increased GDF15 secretion and that chondrocytes cultured with media derived from IL-1β–treated C20A4 exhibited senescence. HUVEC cell migration and tube formation were enhanced after culturing with IL-1β-treated chondrocyte media; however, decreased HUVEC cell migration and tube formation were noted in HUVEC cells cultured with GDF15-loss media. We tested the potential of inhibiting GDF15 by using a GDF15 neutralizing antibody, GDF15-nAb. GDF15-nAb exerted a similar effect, resulting in the molecular silencing of GDF15 in vivo and in vitro. Our results reveal that GDF15 is a driver of SnCCs and can contribute to OA progression by inducing angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wei Weng
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Narpati Wesa Pikatan
- Department of Medical Research & Education, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan; (N.W.P.); (S.A.S.); (V.K.Y.); (I.-H.F.); (C.-T.Y.)
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Syahru Agung Setiawan
- Department of Medical Research & Education, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan; (N.W.P.); (S.A.S.); (V.K.Y.); (I.-H.F.); (C.-T.Y.)
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
| | - Vijesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Medical Research & Education, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan; (N.W.P.); (S.A.S.); (V.K.Y.); (I.-H.F.); (C.-T.Y.)
| | - Iat-Hang Fong
- Department of Medical Research & Education, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan; (N.W.P.); (S.A.S.); (V.K.Y.); (I.-H.F.); (C.-T.Y.)
| | - Chia-Hung Hsu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.H.); (W.-H.L.); Tel.: +886-2-2490088 (ext. 8883) (C.-H.H.); +886-2-2490088 (ext. 8888) (W.-H.L.); Fax: +886-2-2248-0900 (C.-H.H.); +886-3-5401480 (W.-H.L.)
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- Department of Medical Research & Education, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan; (N.W.P.); (S.A.S.); (V.K.Y.); (I.-H.F.); (C.-T.Y.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu City 30015, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hwa Lee
- Department of Medical Research & Education, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan; (N.W.P.); (S.A.S.); (V.K.Y.); (I.-H.F.); (C.-T.Y.)
- Department of Pathology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.H.); (W.-H.L.); Tel.: +886-2-2490088 (ext. 8883) (C.-H.H.); +886-2-2490088 (ext. 8888) (W.-H.L.); Fax: +886-2-2248-0900 (C.-H.H.); +886-3-5401480 (W.-H.L.)
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11
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Avci E, Sarvari P, Savai R, Seeger W, Pullamsetti SS. Epigenetic Mechanisms in Parenchymal Lung Diseases: Bystanders or Therapeutic Targets? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010546. [PMID: 35008971 PMCID: PMC8745712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic responses due to environmental changes alter chromatin structure, which in turn modifies the phenotype, gene expression profile, and activity of each cell type that has a role in the pathophysiology of a disease. Pulmonary diseases are one of the major causes of death in the world, including lung cancer, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary hypertension (PH), lung tuberculosis, pulmonary embolism, and asthma. Several lines of evidence indicate that epigenetic modifications may be one of the main factors to explain the increasing incidence and prevalence of lung diseases including IPF and COPD. Interestingly, isolated fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells from patients with pulmonary diseases such as IPF and PH that were cultured ex vivo maintained the disease phenotype. The cells often show a hyper-proliferative, apoptosis-resistant phenotype with increased expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) and activated focal adhesions suggesting the presence of an epigenetically imprinted phenotype. Moreover, many abnormalities observed in molecular processes in IPF patients are shown to be epigenetically regulated, such as innate immunity, cellular senescence, and apoptotic cell death. DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNA regulation constitute the most common epigenetic modification mechanisms.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers
- Combined Modality Therapy
- DNA Methylation
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Disease Management
- Disease Susceptibility
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Histones/metabolism
- Humans
- Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/diagnosis
- Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/etiology
- Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/metabolism
- Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/therapy
- Lung Diseases, Interstitial/diagnosis
- Lung Diseases, Interstitial/etiology
- Lung Diseases, Interstitial/metabolism
- Lung Diseases, Interstitial/therapy
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/etiology
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/metabolism
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/therapy
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Edibe Avci
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstrasse 1, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; (E.A.); (P.S.); (R.S.); (W.S.)
| | - Pouya Sarvari
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstrasse 1, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; (E.A.); (P.S.); (R.S.); (W.S.)
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstrasse 1, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; (E.A.); (P.S.); (R.S.); (W.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstrasse 1, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; (E.A.); (P.S.); (R.S.); (W.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Soni S. Pullamsetti
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstrasse 1, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; (E.A.); (P.S.); (R.S.); (W.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-603-270-5380; Fax: +49-603-270-5385
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12
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GDF-15 Deficiency Reduces Autophagic Activity in Human Macrophages In Vitro and Decreases p62-Accumulation in Atherosclerotic Lesions in Mice. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092346. [PMID: 34571994 PMCID: PMC8470202 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is associated with cardiovascular diseases and autophagy in human macrophages (MΦ). Thus, we are interested in investigating autophagic mechanisms with special respect to the role of GDF-15. (2) Methods: Recombinant (r)GDF-15 and siRNA GDF-15 were used to investigate the effects of GDF-15 on autophagic and lysosomal activity, as well as autophagosome formation by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in MΦ. To ascertain the effects of GDF-15−/− on the progression of atherosclerotic lesions, we used GDF-15−/−/ApoE−/− and ApoE−/− mice under a cholesterol-enriched diet (CED). Body weight, body mass index (BMI), blood lipid levels and lumen stenosis in the brachiocephalic trunk (BT) were analyzed. Identification of different cell types and localization of autophagy-relevant proteins in atherosclerotic plaques were performed by immunofluorescence. (3) Results: siGDF-15 reduced and, conversely, rGDF-15 increased the autophagic activity in MΦ, whereas lysosomal activity was unaffected. Autophagic degradation after starvation and rGDF-15 treatment was observed by TEM. GDF-15−/−/ApoE−/− mice, after CED, showed reduced lumen stenosis in the BT, while body weight, BMI and triglycerides were increased compared with ApoE−/− mice. GDF-15−/− decreased p62-accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions, especially in endothelial cells (ECs). (4) Conclusion: GDF-15 seems to be an important factor in the regulation of autophagy, especially in ECs of atherosclerotic lesions, indicating its crucial pathophysiological function during atherosclerosis development.
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13
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Al-Mudares F, Reddick S, Ren J, Venkatesh A, Zhao C, Lingappan K. Role of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 in Lung Disease and Senescence: Potential Role Across the Lifespan. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:594137. [PMID: 33344478 PMCID: PMC7744305 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.594137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) is a divergent member of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily and is ubiquitously expressed, under normal physiological conditions. GDF15 expression increases during many pathological states and serves a marker of cellular stress. GDF15 has multiple and even paradoxical roles within a pathological condition, as its effects can be dose- and time-dependent and vary based on the targeted tissues and downstream pathways. GDF15 has emerged as one of the most recognized proteins as part of the senescence associated secretory phenotype. Cellular senescence plays a major role in many lung diseases across the life-span from bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the premature neonate to COPD and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in aged adults. GDF15 levels have been reported to be as a useful biomarker in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung fibrosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension and predict disease severity, decline in lung function and mortality. Glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor alpha-like (GFRAL) in the brain stem has been identified as the only validated GDF15 receptor and mediates GDF15-mediated anorexia and wasting. The mechanisms and pathways by which GDF15 exerts its pulmonary effects are being elucidated. GDF15 may also have an impact on the lung based on the changes in circulating levels or through the central action of GDF15 activating peripheral metabolic changes. This review focuses on the role of GDF15 in different lung diseases across the lifespan and its role in cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faeq Al-Mudares
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Jenny Ren
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Candi Zhao
- Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Krithika Lingappan
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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14
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Wada H, Suzuki M, Matsuda M, Ajiro Y, Shinozaki T, Sakagami S, Yonezawa K, Shimizu M, Funada J, Takenaka T, Morita Y, Nakamura T, Fujimoto K, Matsubara H, Kato T, Unoki T, Takagi D, Wada K, Wada M, Iguchi M, Masunaga N, Ishii M, Yamakage H, Kusakabe T, Yasoda A, Shimatsu A, Kotani K, Satoh-Asahara N, Abe M, Akao M, Hasegawa K. Impact of Smoking Status on Growth Differentiation Factor 15 and Mortality in Patients With Suspected or Known Coronary Artery Disease: The ANOX Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e018217. [PMID: 33170061 PMCID: PMC7763732 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.018217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Whether circulating growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF‐15) levels differ according to smoking status and whether smoking modifies the relationship between GDF‐15 and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease are unclear. Methods and Results Using data from a multicenter, prospective cohort of 2418 patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease, we assessed the association between smoking status and GDF‐15 and the impact of smoking status on the association between GDF‐15 and all‐cause death. GDF‐15 was measured in 955 never smokers, 1035 former smokers, and 428 current smokers enrolled in the ANOX Study (Development of Novel Biomarkers Related to Angiogenesis or Oxidative Stress to Predict Cardiovascular Events). Patients were followed up during 3 years. The age of the patients ranged from 19 to 94 years; 67.2% were men. Never smokers exhibited significantly lower levels of GDF‐15 compared with former smokers and current smokers. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the log‐transformed GDF‐15 level was independently associated with both current smoking and former smoking. In the entire patient cohort, the GDF‐15 level was significantly associated with all‐cause death after adjusting for potential clinical confounders. This association was still significant in never smokers, former smokers, and current smokers. However, GDF‐15 provided incremental prognostic information to the model with potential clinical confounders and the established cardiovascular biomarkers in never smokers, but not in current smokers or in former smokers. Conclusions Not only current, but also former smoking was independently associated with higher levels of GDF‐15. The prognostic value of GDF‐15 on mortality was most pronounced in never smokers among patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Wada
- Division of Translational Research National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto Japan
| | - Masahiro Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Research National Hospital Organization Saitama Hospital Wako Japan
| | - Morihiro Matsuda
- Institute for Clinical Research National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center Kure Japan
| | - Yoichi Ajiro
- Division of Clinical Research National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center Yokohama Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shinozaki
- Department of Cardiology National Hospital Organization Sendai Medical Center Sendai Japan
| | - Satoru Sakagami
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine National Hospital Organization Kanazawa Medical Center Kanazawa Japan
| | - Kazuya Yonezawa
- Division of Clinical Research National Hospital Organization Hakodate National Hospital Hakodate Japan
| | - Masatoshi Shimizu
- Department of Cardiology National Hospital Organization Kobe Medical Center Kobe Japan
| | - Junichi Funada
- Department of Cardiology National Hospital Organization Ehime Medical Center Toon Japan
| | - Takashi Takenaka
- Division of Cardiology National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Medical Center Sapporo Japan
| | - Yukiko Morita
- Department of Cardiology National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital Sagamihara Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nakamura
- Department of Cardiology National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center Fukuoka Japan
| | - Kazuteru Fujimoto
- Department of Cardiology National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Medical Center Kumamoto Japan
| | - Hiromi Matsubara
- Department of Cardiology National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center Okayama Japan
| | - Toru Kato
- Department of Clinical Research National Hospital Organization Tochigi Medical Center Utsunomiya Japan
| | - Takashi Unoki
- Division of Translational Research National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto Japan.,Intensive Care Unit Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital Kumamoto Japan
| | - Daisuke Takagi
- Division of Translational Research National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto Japan.,Department of Acute Care and General Medicine Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital Kumamoto Japan
| | - Kyohma Wada
- Division of Translational Research National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto Japan
| | - Miyaka Wada
- Division of Translational Research National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto Japan
| | - Moritake Iguchi
- Division of Translational Research National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto Japan.,Department of Cardiology National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto Japan
| | - Nobutoyo Masunaga
- Division of Translational Research National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto Japan.,Department of Cardiology National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ishii
- Division of Translational Research National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto Japan.,Department of Cardiology National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto Japan
| | - Hajime Yamakage
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Clinical Research Institute National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto Japan
| | - Toru Kusakabe
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Clinical Research Institute National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto Japan
| | - Akihiro Yasoda
- Clinical Research Institute National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto Japan
| | - Akira Shimatsu
- Clinical Research Institute National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kotani
- Division of Community and Family Medicine Jichi Medical University Shimotsuke Japan
| | - Noriko Satoh-Asahara
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Clinical Research Institute National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto Japan
| | - Mitsuru Abe
- Division of Translational Research National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto Japan.,Department of Cardiology National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto Japan
| | - Masaharu Akao
- Division of Translational Research National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto Japan.,Department of Cardiology National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto Japan
| | - Koji Hasegawa
- Division of Translational Research National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto Japan
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15
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The Protective Role of Bioactive Quinones in Stress-induced Senescence Phenotype of Endothelial Cells Exposed to Cigarette Smoke Extract. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9101008. [PMID: 33081423 PMCID: PMC7602940 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9101008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction represents the initial stage in atherosclerotic lesion development which occurs physiologically during aging, but external factors like diet, sedentary lifestyle, smoking accelerate it. Since cigarette smoking promotes oxidative stress and cell damage, we developed an in vitro model of endothelial dysfunction using vascular cells exposed to chemicals present in cigarette smoke, to help elucidate the protective effects of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents, such as ubiquinol and vitamin K, that play a fundamental role in vascular health. Treatment of both young and senescent Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) for 24 h with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) decreased cellular viability, induced apoptosis via reactive oxygen species (ROS) imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction and promoted an inflammatory response. Moreover, the senescence marker SA-β-galactosidase was observed in both young CSE-exposed and in senescent HUVECs suggesting that CSE exposure accelerates aging in endothelial cells. Supplementation with 10 µM ubiquinol and menaquinone-7 (MK7) counteracted oxidative stress and inflammation, resulting in improved viability, decreased apoptosis and reduced SA-β-galactosidase, but were ineffective against CSE-induced mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Other K vitamins tested like menaquinone-4 (MK4) and menaquinone-1 (K1) were less protective. In conclusion, CSE exposure was able to promote a stress-induced senescent phenotype in young endothelial cells likely contributing to endothelial dysfunction in vivo. Furthermore, the molecular changes encountered could be offset by ubiquinol and menaquinone-7 supplementation, the latter resulting the most bioactive K vitamin in counteracting CSE-induced damage.
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16
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Wesseling M, de Poel JH, de Jager SC. Growth differentiation factor 15 in adverse cardiac remodelling: from biomarker to causal player. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 7:1488-1501. [PMID: 32424982 PMCID: PMC7373942 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a growing health issue as a negative consequence of improved survival upon myocardial infarction, unhealthy lifestyle, and the ageing of our population. The large and complex pathology underlying heart failure makes diagnosis and especially treatment very difficult. There is an urgent demand for discriminative biomarkers to aid disease management of heart failure. Studying cellular pathways and pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to disease initiation and progression is crucial for understanding the disease process and will aid to identification of novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a proven valuable biomarker for different pathologies, including cancer, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Although the prognostic value of GDF15 in heart failure is robust, the biological function of GDF15 in adverse cardiac remodelling is not fully understood. GDF15 is a distant member of the transforming growth factor-β family and involved in various biological processes including inflammation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. However, more research is suggesting a role in fibrosis, hypertrophy, and endothelial dysfunction. As GDF15 is a pleiotropic protein, elucidating the exact role of GDF15 in complex disease processes has proven to be a challenge. In this review, we provide an overview of the role GDF15 plays in various intracellular and extracellular processes underlying heart failure, and we touch upon crucial points that need consideration before GDF15 can be integrated as a biomarker in standard care or when considering GDF15 for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Wesseling
- Laboratory for Experimental CardiologyUniversity Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry and HematologyUniversity Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Julius H.C. de Poel
- Laboratory for Experimental CardiologyUniversity Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Saskia C.A. de Jager
- Laboratory for Experimental CardiologyUniversity Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Laboratory for Translational ImmunologyUniversity Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
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17
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Lockhart SM, Saudek V, O’Rahilly S. GDF15: A Hormone Conveying Somatic Distress to the Brain. Endocr Rev 2020; 41:bnaa007. [PMID: 32310257 PMCID: PMC7299427 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
GDF15 has recently gained scientific and translational prominence with the discovery that its receptor is a GFRAL-RET heterodimer of which GFRAL is expressed solely in the hindbrain. Activation of this receptor results in reduced food intake and loss of body weight and is perceived and recalled by animals as aversive. This information encourages a revised interpretation of the large body of previous research on the protein. GDF15 can be secreted by a wide variety of cell types in response to a broad range of stressors. We propose that central sensing of GDF15 via GFRAL-RET activation results in behaviors that facilitate the reduction of exposure to a noxious stimulus. The human trophoblast appears to have hijacked this signal, producing large amounts of GDF15 from early pregnancy. We speculate that this encourages avoidance of potential teratogens in pregnancy. Circulating GDF15 levels are elevated in a range of human disease states, including various forms of cachexia, and GDF15-GFRAL antagonism is emerging as a therapeutic strategy for anorexia/cachexia syndromes. Metformin elevates circulating GDF15 chronically in humans and the weight loss caused by this drug appears to be dependent on the rise in GDF15. This supports the concept that chronic activation of the GDF15-GFRAL axis has efficacy as an antiobesity agent. In this review, we examine the science of GDF15 since its identification in 1997 with our interpretation of this body of work now being assisted by a clear understanding of its highly selective central site of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Lockhart
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vladimir Saudek
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen O’Rahilly
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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18
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Faubion L, White TA, Peterson BJ, Geske JR, LeBrasseur NK, Schafer MJ, Mielke MM, Miller VM. Effect of menopausal hormone therapy on proteins associated with senescence and inflammation. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14535. [PMID: 32857481 PMCID: PMC7453781 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen may inhibit cell senescence that contributes to age-related disorders. This study determined the effects of menopausal hormone treatments on circulating levels of markers of cell senescence. METHODS Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), FAS, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP1α) were measured in serum using multiplexed bead-based assays and compared among menopausal women participating in the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study randomized to either placebo (n = 38), oral conjugated equine estrogen (oCEE, n = 37), or transdermal 17β-estradiol (tE2, n = 34). Serum levels of the senescent markers for each treatment were compared to placebo 36 months after randomization using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. RESULTS Serum levels of GDF15, TNFR1, and FAS, but not MIP1α, were lower in both the oCEE and tE2 groups compared to placebo. The difference in levels between treatment and placebo for GDF15, TNFR1, and FAS were greater for oCEE [-108 pg/mL (p = .008), -234 pg/mL (p = .0006), and -1374 pg/mL (p < .0001), respectively] than for tE2 [-76 pg/mL (p = .072), -105 pg/mL (p = .076), and -695 pg/mL (p = .036), respectively]. Additionally, TNFR1 showed a positive association with time past menopause (correlation = 0.255, p = .019). CONCLUSIONS Circulating levels of some markers of cell senescence were lower in menopausal women treated with oCEE and tE2 compared to placebo. Differences in the magnitude of effect of the two active treatments may reflect the differences in circulating levels of estrogen metabolites due to formulation and mode of delivery. These data generate new hypotheses with regard to the effects of menopause on the biology of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas A. White
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on AgingMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | | | | | - Nathan K. LeBrasseur
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on AgingMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
- Specialized Center of Research Excellence on Sex DifferencesMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - Marissa J. Schafer
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on AgingMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
- Specialized Center of Research Excellence on Sex DifferencesMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - Michelle M. Mielke
- Department of Health Sciences ResearchMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
- Specialized Center of Research Excellence on Sex DifferencesMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
- Department of NeurologyMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - Virginia M. Miller
- Department of SurgeryMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
- Specialized Center of Research Excellence on Sex DifferencesMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
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19
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Centner AM, Bhide PG, Salazar G. Nicotine in Senescence and Atherosclerosis. Cells 2020; 9:E1035. [PMID: 32331221 PMCID: PMC7226537 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a known exacerbator of age-related pathologies, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), atherosclerosis, and cellular aging (senescence). However, the role of nicotine and its major metabolite cotinine is yet to be elucidated. Considering the growing amount of nicotine-containing aerosol use in recent years, the role of nicotine is a relevant public health concern. A number of recent studies and health education sites have focused on nicotine aerosol-induced adverse lung function, and neglected cardiovascular (CV) impairments and diseases. A critical review of the present scientific literature leads to the hypothesis that nicotine mediates the effects of cigarette smoke in the CV system by increasing MAPK signaling, inflammation, and oxidative stress through NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1), to induce vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) senescence. The accumulation of senescent VSMCs in the lesion cap is detrimental as it increases the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by promoting an unstable plaque phenotype. Therefore, nicotine, and most likely its metabolite cotinine, adversely influence atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Marie Centner
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, College of Human Scinces, 120 Convocation Way, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
| | - Pradeep G. Bhide
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, FSU College of Medicine, 1115, West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
| | - Gloria Salazar
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, College of Human Scinces, 120 Convocation Way, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
- Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging (CAENRA), Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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20
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Verhamme FM, Freeman CM, Brusselle GG, Bracke KR, Curtis JL. GDF-15 in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 60:621-628. [PMID: 30633545 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0379tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
GDF-15 (growth differentiation factor 15) acts both as a stress-induced cytokine with diverse actions at different body sites and as a cell-autonomous regulator linked to cellular senescence and apoptosis. For multiple reasons, this divergent transforming growth factor-β molecular superfamily member should be better known to pulmonary researchers and clinicians. In ambulatory individuals, GDF-15 concentrations in peripheral blood are an established predictive biomarker of all-cause mortality and of adverse cardiovascular events. Concentrations upon admission of critically ill patients (without or with sepsis) correlate with organ dysfunction and independently predict short- and long-term mortality risk. GDF-15 is a major downstream mediator of p53 activation, but it can also be induced independently of p53, notably by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. GDF-15 blood concentrations are markedly elevated in adults and children with pulmonary hypertension. Concentrations are also increased in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, in which they contribute to mucus hypersecretion, airway epithelial cell senescence, and impaired antiviral defenses, which together with murine data support a role for GDF-15 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pathogenesis and progression. This review summarizes biological and clinical data on GDF-15 relevant to pulmonary and critical care medicine. We highlight the recent discovery of a central nervous system receptor for GDF-15, GFRAL (glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor-α-like), an important advance with potential for novel treatments for obesity and cachexia. We also describe limitations and controversies in the existing literature, and we delineate research questions that must be addressed to determine whether GDF-15 can be therapeutically manipulated in other clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fien M Verhamme
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christine M Freeman
- 2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and.,3 Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,4 VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Guy G Brusselle
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,5 Department of Epidemiology and.,6 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ken R Bracke
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jeffrey L Curtis
- 2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and.,3 Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,4 VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
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21
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Dong F, Dong S, Liang Y, Wang K, Qin Y, Zhao X. miR‑20b inhibits the senescence of human umbilical vein endothelial cells through regulating the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway via the TXNIP/NLRP3 axis. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:847-857. [PMID: 31922218 PMCID: PMC7015131 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell senescence is closely related to the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are considered as therapeutic targets for cardiovascular disease. The current study aimed to investigate the role of miR-20b in the senescence process of endothelial cells and its underlying mechanism. Cell viability, proportion of senescent cells and the cell cycle were respectively determined by Cell Counting Kit-8, SA-β-galactosidase and flow cytometry. The relative expressions of mRNA and protein were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. The possible target genes and binding sites of miR-20b were predicted using Targetscan and further verified by dual luciferase reporter assay. The present study found that H2O2 inhibited cell viability, caused cell cycle arrest in G1 phase, decreased miR-20b level and induced cell senescence. Moreover, high expression of miR-20b promoted cell viability and reduced H2O2-induced cell senescence, whereas low expression of miR-20b produced the opposite effects. Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) was predicted as a target gene for miR-20b and knockdown of TXNIP increased cell viability, inhibited cell senescence, reduced the expression of p16, p21, TXNIP, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and cleaved Caspase-1 and reversed the promoting effects of the miR-20b inhibitor and H2O2 on cell senescence. Furthermore, the knockdown of TXNIP inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The finding reveals that high expression of miR-20b inhibits the senescence of human umbilical vein endothelial cells through regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway via the TXNIP/NLRP3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Shaohua Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yongwen Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Xianxian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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22
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Zhan S, Che P, Zhao XK, Li N, Ding Y, Liu J, Li S, Ding K, Han L, Huang Z, Wu L, Wang Y, Hu M, Han X, Ding Q. Molecular mechanism of tumour necrosis factor alpha regulates hypocretin (orexin) expression, sleep and behaviour. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:6822-6834. [PMID: 31386303 PMCID: PMC6787512 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypocretin 1 and hypocretin 2 (orexin A and B) regulate sleep, wakefulness and emotion. Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is an important neuroinflammation mediator. Here, we examined the effects of TNF-α treatment on hypocretin expression in vivo and behaviour in mice. TNF-α decreased hypocretin 1 and hypocretin 2 expression in a dose-dependent manner in cultured hypothalamic neurons. TNF-α decreased mRNA stability of prepro-hypocretin, the single precursor of hypocretin 1 and hypocretin 2. Mice challenged with TNF-α demonstrated decreased expression of prepro-hypocretin, hypocretin 1 and hypocretin 2 in hypothalamus. In response to TNF-α, prepro-hypocretin mRNA decay was increased in hypothalamus. TNF-α neutralizing antibody restored the expression of prepro-hypocretin, hypocretin 1 and hypocretin 2 in vivo in TNF-α challenged mice, supporting hypocretin system can be impaired by increased TNF-α through decreasing hypocretin expression. Repeated TNF-α challenge induced muscle activity during rapid eye movement sleep and sleep fragmentation, but decreased learning, cognition and memory in mice. TNF-α neutralizing antibody blocked the effects of TNF-α; in contrast, hypocretin receptor antagonist enhanced the effects of TNF-α. The data support that TNF-α is involved in the regulation of hypocretin expression, sleep and cognition. The findings shed some lights on the role of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqin Zhan
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, China
| | - Pulin Che
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Xue-Ke Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, China
| | - Jianghong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, China
| | - Spring Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Karyn Ding
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lynn Han
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Zhaoyang Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, China
| | - Liyong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Hu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaosi Han
- Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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23
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Moses C, Kaur P. Applications of CRISPR systems in respiratory health: Entering a new 'red pen' era in genome editing. Respirology 2019; 24:628-637. [PMID: 30883991 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases, such as influenza infection, acute tracheal bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, lung cancer and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, continue to significantly impact human health. Diseases of the lung and respiratory tract are influenced by environmental conditions and socio-economic factors; however, many of these serious respiratory disorders are also rooted in genetic or epigenetic causes. Clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins, isolated from the immune system of prokaryotes, provide a tool to manipulate gene sequences and gene expression with significant implications for respiratory research. CRISPR/Cas systems allow preclinical modelling of causal factors involved in many respiratory diseases, providing new insights into their underlying mechanisms. CRISPR can also be used to screen for genes involved in respiratory processes, development and pathology, identifying novel disease drivers or drug targets. Finally, CRISPR/Cas systems can potentially correct genetic mutations and edit epigenetic marks that contribute to respiratory disorders, providing a form of personalized medicine that could be used in conjunction with other technologies such as stem cell reprogramming and transplantation. CRISPR gene editing is a young field of research, and concerns regarding its specificity, as well as the need for efficient and safe delivery methods, need to be addressed further. However, CRISPR/Cas systems represent a significant step forward for research and therapy in respiratory health, and it is likely we will see the breakthroughs generated from this technology continue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parwinder Kaur
- Faculty of Science, School of Human Sciences and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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24
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Cardoso AL, Fernandes A, Aguilar-Pimentel JA, de Angelis MH, Guedes JR, Brito MA, Ortolano S, Pani G, Athanasopoulou S, Gonos ES, Schosserer M, Grillari J, Peterson P, Tuna BG, Dogan S, Meyer A, van Os R, Trendelenburg AU. Towards frailty biomarkers: Candidates from genes and pathways regulated in aging and age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 47:214-277. [PMID: 30071357 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Use of the frailty index to measure an accumulation of deficits has been proven a valuable method for identifying elderly people at risk for increased vulnerability, disease, injury, and mortality. However, complementary molecular frailty biomarkers or ideally biomarker panels have not yet been identified. We conducted a systematic search to identify biomarker candidates for a frailty biomarker panel. METHODS Gene expression databases were searched (http://genomics.senescence.info/genes including GenAge, AnAge, LongevityMap, CellAge, DrugAge, Digital Aging Atlas) to identify genes regulated in aging, longevity, and age-related diseases with a focus on secreted factors or molecules detectable in body fluids as potential frailty biomarkers. Factors broadly expressed, related to several "hallmark of aging" pathways as well as used or predicted as biomarkers in other disease settings, particularly age-related pathologies, were identified. This set of biomarkers was further expanded according to the expertise and experience of the authors. In the next step, biomarkers were assigned to six "hallmark of aging" pathways, namely (1) inflammation, (2) mitochondria and apoptosis, (3) calcium homeostasis, (4) fibrosis, (5) NMJ (neuromuscular junction) and neurons, (6) cytoskeleton and hormones, or (7) other principles and an extensive literature search was performed for each candidate to explore their potential and priority as frailty biomarkers. RESULTS A total of 44 markers were evaluated in the seven categories listed above, and 19 were awarded a high priority score, 22 identified as medium priority and three were low priority. In each category high and medium priority markers were identified. CONCLUSION Biomarker panels for frailty would be of high value and better than single markers. Based on our search we would propose a core panel of frailty biomarkers consisting of (1) CXCL10 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10), IL-6 (interleukin 6), CX3CL1 (C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1), (2) GDF15 (growth differentiation factor 15), FNDC5 (fibronectin type III domain containing 5), vimentin (VIM), (3) regucalcin (RGN/SMP30), calreticulin, (4) PLAU (plasminogen activator, urokinase), AGT (angiotensinogen), (5) BDNF (brain derived neurotrophic factor), progranulin (PGRN), (6) α-klotho (KL), FGF23 (fibroblast growth factor 23), FGF21, leptin (LEP), (7) miRNA (micro Ribonucleic acid) panel (to be further defined), AHCY (adenosylhomocysteinase) and KRT18 (keratin 18). An expanded panel would also include (1) pentraxin (PTX3), sVCAM/ICAM (soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1/Intercellular adhesion molecule 1), defensin α, (2) APP (amyloid beta precursor protein), LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), (3) S100B (S100 calcium binding protein B), (4) TGFβ (transforming growth factor beta), PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor 1), TGM2 (transglutaminase 2), (5) sRAGE (soluble receptor for advanced glycosylation end products), HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1), C3/C1Q (complement factor 3/1Q), ST2 (Interleukin 1 receptor like 1), agrin (AGRN), (6) IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1), resistin (RETN), adiponectin (ADIPOQ), ghrelin (GHRL), growth hormone (GH), (7) microparticle panel (to be further defined), GpnmB (glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B) and lactoferrin (LTF). We believe that these predicted panels need to be experimentally explored in animal models and frail cohorts in order to ascertain their diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential.
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25
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Laucho‐Contreras ME, Polverino F, Rojas‐Quintero J, Wang X, Owen CA. Club cell protein 16 (Cc16) deficiency increases inflamm-aging in the lungs of mice. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13797. [PMID: 30084231 PMCID: PMC6079172 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Low serum CC16 levels are associated with accelerated lung function decline in human population studies, but it is not known whether low serum CC16 levels contribute to lung function decline, or are an epiphenomenon. We tested the hypothesis that unchallenged Cc16-/- mice develop accelerated rates of pulmonary function test abnormalities and pulmonary pathologies over time compared with unchallenged WT mice. Respiratory mechanics, airspace enlargement, and small airway fibrosis were measured in unchallenged wild-type (WT) versus Cc16-/- mice over 6-18 months of age. Lung leukocyte counts and lung levels of metalloproteinases (Mmps), cytokines, oxidative stress, cellular senescence markers (p19 and p21), and lung cell apoptosis, and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured in age-matched WT versus Cc16-/- mice. Unchallenged Cc16-/- mice developed greater increases in lung compliance, airspace enlargement, and small airway fibrosis than age-matched WT mice over 6-18 months of age. Cc16-/- mice had greater: (1) lung leukocyte counts; (2) lung levels of Ccl2, Ccl-5, interleukin-10, Mmp-2, and Mmp-9; (3) pulmonary oxidative stress levels, (4) alveolar septal cell apoptosis and staining for p16 and p21; and (5) serum CRP levels. Unchallenged Cc16-/- mice had greater nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation in their lungs than age-matched WT mice, but similar lung levels of secretory phospholipase-A2 activity. Cc16 deficiency in mice leads spontaneously to an accelerated lung aging phenotype with exaggerated pulmonary inflammation and COPD-like lung pathologies associated with increased activation of NF- κB in the lung. CC16 augmentation strategies may reduce lung aging in CC16-deficient individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Laucho‐Contreras
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - Francesca Polverino
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
- The Lovelace Respiratory Research InstituteAlbuquerqueNew Mexico
| | - Joselyn Rojas‐Quintero
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - Caroline A. Owen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
- The Lovelace Respiratory Research InstituteAlbuquerqueNew Mexico
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26
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Xu S, Tsai A, Sze MA, Vucic EA, Shaipanich T, Harris M, Guillemi S, Yang J, Sinha S, Nislow C, Montaner J, Lam W, Lam S, Sin DD, Paul Man SF, Leung JM. Decreased microbiome diversity in the HIV small airway epithelium. Respir Res 2018; 19:140. [PMID: 30053882 PMCID: PMC6062954 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0835-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) face an increased burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Repeated pulmonary infections, antibiotic exposures, and immunosuppression may contribute to an altered small airway epithelium (SAE) microbiome. METHODS SAE cells were collected from 28 PLWH and 48 HIV- controls through bronchoscopic cytologic brushings. DNA extracted from SAE cells was subjected to 16S rRNA amplification and sequencing. Comparisons of alpha and beta diversity between HIV+ and HIV- groups were performed and key operational taxonomic units (OTUs) distinguishing the two groups were identified using the Boruta feature selection after Random Forest Analysis. RESULTS PLWH demonstrated significantly reduced Shannon diversity compared with HIV- volunteers (1.82 ± 0.10 vs. 2.20 ± 0.073, p = 0.0024). This was primarily driven by a reduction in bacterial richness (23.29 ± 2.75 for PLWH and 46.04 ± 3.716 for HIV-, p < 0.0001). Phyla distribution was significantly altered among PLWH, with an increase in relative abundance of Proteobacteria (p = 0.0003) and a decrease in Bacteroidetes (p = 0.0068) and Firmicutes (p = 0.0002). Six discriminative OTUs were found to distinguish PLWH from HIV- volunteers, aligning to Veillonellaceae, Fusobacterium, Verrucomicrobiaceae, Prevotella, Veillonella, and Campylobacter. CONCLUSIONS Compared to HIV- controls, PLWH's SAE microbiome is marked by reduced bacterial diversity and richness with significant differences in community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Xu
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amy Tsai
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marc A Sze
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Emily A Vucic
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tawimas Shaipanich
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marianne Harris
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Silvia Guillemi
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Julia Yang
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sunita Sinha
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Corey Nislow
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Julio Montaner
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wan Lam
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephen Lam
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Don D Sin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S F Paul Man
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Janice M Leung
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Room 166-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
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27
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Abbadie C, Pluquet O, Pourtier A. Epithelial cell senescence: an adaptive response to pre-carcinogenic stresses? Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4471-4509. [PMID: 28707011 PMCID: PMC11107641 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2587-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is a cell state occurring in vitro and in vivo after successive replication cycles and/or upon exposition to various stressors. It is characterized by a strong cell cycle arrest associated with several molecular, metabolic and morphologic changes. The accumulation of senescent cells in tissues and organs with time plays a role in organismal aging and in several age-associated disorders and pathologies. Moreover, several therapeutic interventions are able to prematurely induce senescence. It is, therefore, tremendously important to characterize in-depth, the mechanisms by which senescence is induced, as well as the precise properties of senescent cells. For historical reasons, senescence is often studied with fibroblast models. Other cell types, however, much more relevant regarding the structure and function of vital organs and/or regarding pathologies, are regrettably often neglected. In this article, we will clarify what is known on senescence of epithelial cells and highlight what distinguishes it from, and what makes it like, replicative senescence of fibroblasts taken as a standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Abbadie
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161-M3T-Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, 59000, Lille, France.
| | - Olivier Pluquet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161-M3T-Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Albin Pourtier
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161-M3T-Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, 59000, Lille, France
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28
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Wu Q, Jiang D, Schaefer NR, Harmacek L, O'Connor BP, Eling TE, Eickelberg O, Chu HW. Overproduction of growth differentiation factor 15 promotes human rhinovirus infection and virus-induced inflammation in the lung. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 314:L514-L527. [PMID: 29192094 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00324.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human rhinovirus (HRV) is the most common virus contributing to acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) nearly year round, but the mechanisms have not been well elucidated. Recent clinical studies suggest that high levels of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) protein in the blood are associated with an increased yearly rate of all-cause COPD exacerbations. Therefore, in the current study, we investigated whether GDF15 promotes HRV infection and virus-induced lung inflammation. We first examined the role of GDF15 in regulating host defense and HRV-induced inflammation using human GDF15 transgenic mice and cultured human GDF15 transgenic mouse tracheal epithelial cells. Next, we determined the effect of GDF15 on viral replication, antiviral responses, and inflammation in human airway epithelial cells with GDF15 knockdown and HRV infection. Finally, we explored the signaling pathways involved in airway epithelial responses to HRV infection in the context of GDF15. Human GDF15 protein overexpression in mice led to exaggerated inflammatory responses to HRV, increased infectious particle release, and decreased IFN-λ2/3 (IL-28A/B) mRNA expression in the lung. Moreover, GDF15 facilitated HRV replication and inflammation via inhibiting IFN-λ1/IL-29 protein production in human airway epithelial cells. Lastly, Smad1 cooperated with interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) to regulate airway epithelial responses to HRV infection partly via GDF15 signaling. Our results reveal a novel function of GDF15 in promoting lung HRV infection and virus-induced inflammation, which may be a new mechanism for the increased susceptibility and severity of respiratory viral (i.e., HRV) infection in cigarette smoke-exposed airways with GDF15 overproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wu
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health , Denver, Colorado
| | - Di Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health , Denver, Colorado
| | - Niccolette R Schaefer
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health , Denver, Colorado
| | - Laura Harmacek
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health , Denver, Colorado
| | - Brian P O'Connor
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health , Denver, Colorado
| | - Thomas E Eling
- The Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Oliver Eickelberg
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Hong Wei Chu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health , Denver, Colorado
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Elevated GDF-15 contributes to pulmonary inflammation upon cigarette smoke exposure. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:1400-1411. [PMID: 28145442 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are still unclear, however signaling pathways associated with lung development, such as the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily, could be implicated in COPD. Growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15, a member of the TGF-β superfamily, is involved in inflammation, mucus secretion, and cachexia. We analyzed the pulmonary expression of GDF-15 in smokers and patients with COPD, in cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed cultures of primary human bronchial epithelial cells (pHBECs), and in CS-exposed mice. Next, we exposed GDF-15 KO and control mice to air or CS and evaluated pulmonary inflammation. GDF-15 levels were higher in sputum supernatant and lung tissue of patients with COPD and smokers without COPD compared with never smokers. Immunohistochemistry revealed GDF-15 staining in the airway epithelium. Increased expression and secretion of GDF-15 was confirmed in vitro in CS-exposed pHBECs compared with air-exposed pHBECs. Similarly, GDF-15 levels were increased in lungs of CS-exposed mice. Importantly, GDF-15 deficiency attenuated the CS-induced pulmonary inflammation. These results suggest that increased GDF-15-as observed in lungs of smokers and patients with COPD-contributes to CS-induced pulmonary inflammation.
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Zhang X, Kang Y, Huo T, Tao R, Wang X, Li Z, Guo Q, Zhao L. GL-V9 induced upregulation and mitochondrial localization of NAG-1 associates with ROS generation and cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:49-59. [PMID: 28697922 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported that a newly synthesized compound, GL-V9 could induce mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in HepG2 cells. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully understood yet. In current study, we further showed that GL-V9 exhibited significant inhibitory effect on growth of several hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Moreover, GL-V9-induced growth inhibition was coincident with the strong upregulation of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene-1 (NAG-1), a TGFβ superfamily member, which has been linked with tumor suppression. Further analysis uncovered that GL-V9-activated p38 MAPK pathway contributed to enhancement of NAG-1 mRNA stability. Interestingly, we observed that the intracellular NAG-1 protein induced by GL-V9 could, at least in part, localize in mitochondria where it might affect protein expression, thereby resulting in dissipation of mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) and accumulation of mitochondrial superoxide, eventually facilitating to apoptosis events. Silence of NAG-1 could attenuate mitochondria related apoptosis caused by GL-V9. Moreover, GL-V9 suppressed tumor growth in xenograft model accompanied with upregulation of NAG-1 in tumor tissues. Collectively, these data demonstrated that NAG-1 could play an important role in mitochondria apoptosis triggered by GL-V9, thus providing novel mechanistic explanations and potential target for using GL-V9 as a chemotherapeutic agent against human hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongxin Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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Muralidharan AR, Maddala R, Skiba NP, Rao PV. Growth Differentiation Factor-15-Induced Contractile Activity and Extracellular Matrix Production in Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 57:6482-6495. [PMID: 27918822 PMCID: PMC5152563 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the role and regulation of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), a TGF-β-related cytokine in human trabecular meshwork (TM) cells in the context of aqueous humor (AH) outflow and IOP. Methods Regulation of expression by external cues, and the distribution and secretion of GDF-15 by human TM primary cell cultures, and the effects of recombinant (r) GDF-15 on TM cell contractile characteristics, actin cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, extracellular matrix (ECM), α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), SMAD signaling, and gene expression were determined by immunoblot, immunofluorescence, mass spectrometry, cDNA microarray, and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analyses. Results Growth differentiation factor-15, a common constituent of ECM derived from the human TM cells, was confirmed to be distributed throughout the conventional aqueous humor outflow pathway of the human eye. Growth differentiation factor-15 protein levels were significantly increased in human TM cells in response to TGF-β2, dexamethasone, endothelin-1, lysophosphatidic acid, TNF-α, IL-1β treatment, and by cyclic mechanical stretch. Stimulation of human TM cells with rGDF-15 caused a significant increase in the formation of actin stress fibers and focal adhesions, myosin light chain phosphorylation, SMAD signaling, gene expression, and the levels of αSMA and ECM proteins. Conclusions The results of this study, including a robust induction of GDF-15 expression by several external factors known to elevate IOP, and rGDF-15-induced increase in contractility, cell adhesion, and the levels of ECM proteins and αSMA in TM cells, collectively suggest a potential role for GDF-15 in homeostasis and dysregulation of AH outflow and IOP in normal and glaucomatous eyes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rupalatha Maddala
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Nikolai P Skiba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Ponugoti Vasantha Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States 2Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
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Husebø GR, Grønseth R, Lerner L, Gyuris J, Hardie J, Bakke PS, Eagan TM. Growth differentiation factor-15 is a predictor of important disease outcomes in patients with COPD. Eur Respir J 2017; 49:49/3/1601298. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01298-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increased levels of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) are associated with cachexia, cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. The role of GDF15 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is unknown.The study included 413 patients with COPD from the Bergen COPD Cohort Study. All patients had a forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) <80% predicted, a FEV1 to forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio <0.7 and a history of smoking. Spirometry, fat free mass index, blood gases and plasma GDF15 were measured at baseline. Patients were followed for 3 years regarding exacerbations and changes in lung function, and 9 years for mortality. Yearly exacerbation rate, survival and yearly change in FEV1/FVC were evaluated with regression models.Median plasma GDF15 was 0.86 ng·mL−1 (interquartile range 0.64–1.12 ng·mL−1). The distribution was not normal and GDF15 was analysed as a categorical variable. High levels of GDF15 were associated with a higher exacerbation rate (incidence rate ratio 1.39, 95% CI 1.1–1.74, p=0.006, adjusted values). Furthermore, high levels of GDF15 were associated with higher mortality (hazard ratio 2.07, 95% CI 1.4–3.1, p<0.001) and an increased decline in both FEV1 (4.29% versus 3.25%) and FVC (2.63% versus 1.44%) in comparison to low levels (p<0.01 for both).In patients with COPD, high levels of GDF15 were independently associated with a higher yearly rate of exacerbations, higher mortality and increased decline in both FEV1 and FVC.
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Costa A, Facchini G, Pinheiro ALTA, da Silva MS, Bonner MY, Arbiser J, Eberlin S. Honokiol protects skin cells against inflammation, collagenolysis, apoptosis, and senescence caused by cigarette smoke damage. Int J Dermatol 2017; 56:754-761. [PMID: 28229451 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pollution, especially cigarette smoke, is a major cause of skin damage. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of the small molecule polyphenol, honokiol, on reversing cigarette smoke-induced damage in vitro to relevant skin cells. METHODS Keratinocytes (HaCat) cultures were exposed to cigarette smoke and, after 48 hours, IL-1α and IL-8 were measured in cell supernatants. Moreover, TIMP-2 production, apoptosis rate, and senescence β-galactosidase expression were evaluated in primary human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF-1) cultures. RESULTS Honokiol at 10 μm reduced IL-1α production by 3.4 folds (P < 0.05) and at 10 and 20 μm reduced IL-8 by 23.9% and 53.1% (P < 0.001), respectively, in HaCat keratinocytes. In HFF-1, honokiol restored TIMP-2 production by 96.9% and 91.9% (P < 0.001), respectively, at 10 and 20 μm, as well as reduced apoptosis by 47.1% (P < 0.001) and 41.3% (P < 0.01), respectively. Finally, honokiol reduced senescence-associated β-galactosidase expression in HFF-1. CONCLUSION Honokiol protects both HFF-1 and HaCat against cigarette smoke-induced inflammation, collagenolysis, apoptosis, and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilson Costa
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gustavo Facchini
- KOLderma Clinical Trials Institute - Kosmoscience Group, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Michelle S da Silva
- KOLderma Clinical Trials Institute - Kosmoscience Group, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Michael Y Bonner
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jack Arbiser
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Samara Eberlin
- KOLderma Clinical Trials Institute - Kosmoscience Group, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Foster MW, Gwinn WM, Kelly FL, Brass DM, Valente AM, Moseley MA, Thompson JW, Morgan DL, Palmer SM. Proteomic Analysis of Primary Human Airway Epithelial Cells Exposed to the Respiratory Toxicant Diacetyl. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:538-549. [PMID: 27966365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Occupational exposures to the diketone flavoring agent, diacetyl, have been associated with bronchiolitis obliterans, a rare condition of airway fibrosis. Model studies in rodents have suggested that the airway epithelium is a major site of diacetyl toxicity, but the effects of diacetyl exposure upon the human airway epithelium are poorly characterized. Here we performed quantitative LC-MS/MS-based proteomics to study the effects of repeated diacetyl vapor exposures on 3D organotypic cultures of human primary tracheobronchial epithelial cells. Using a label-free approach, we quantified approximately 3400 proteins and 5700 phosphopeptides in cell lysates across four independent donors. Altered expression of proteins and phosphopeptides were suggestive of loss of cilia and increased squamous differentiation in diacetyl-exposed cells. These phenomena were confirmed by immunofluorescence staining of culture cross sections. Hyperphosphorylation and cross-linking of basal cell keratins were also observed in diacetyl-treated cells, and we used parallel reaction monitoring to confidently localize and quantify previously uncharacterized sites of phosphorylation in keratin 6. Collectively, these data identify numerous molecular changes in the epithelium that may be important to the pathogenesis of flavoring-induced bronchiolitis obliterans. More generally, this study highlights the utility of quantitative proteomics for the study of in vitro models of airway injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William M Gwinn
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel L Morgan
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
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Huang B, Svensson P, Ärnlöv J, Sundström J, Lind L, Ingelsson E. Effects of cigarette smoking on cardiovascular-related protein profiles in two community-based cohort studies. Atherosclerosis 2016; 254:52-58. [PMID: 27684606 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cardiovascular diseases account for the largest fraction of smoking-induced deaths. Studies of smoking in relation to cardiovascular-related protein markers can provide novel insights into the biological effects of smoking. We investigated the associations between cigarette smoking and 80 protein markers known to be related to cardiovascular diseases in two community-based cohorts, the Prospective Study of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS, n = 969, 50% women, all aged 70 years) and the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM, n = 717, all men aged 77 years). METHODS Smoking status was self-reported and defined as current smoker, former smoker or never-smoker. Levels of the 80 proteins were measured using the proximity extension assay, a novel PCR-based proteomics technique. RESULTS We found 30 proteins to be significantly associated with current cigarette smoking in PIVUS (FDR<5%); and ten were replicated in ULSAM (p < 0.05). Matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12), growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor (uPAR), TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2), lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), matrix metalloproteinase-10 (MMP-10) and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) were positively associated, while endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (ESM-1) and interleukin-27 subunit alpha (IL27-A) showed inverse associations. All of them remained significant in a subset of individuals without manifest cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study suggest that cigarette smoking may interfere with several essential parts of the atherosclerosis process, as evidenced by associations with protein markers representing endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, neointimal formation, foam cell formation and plaque instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biying Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Svensson
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Ärnlöv
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, 79188 Falun, Sweden
| | - Johan Sundström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, 75185 Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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