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Marzec J, Nadadur S. Countermeasures against Pulmonary Threat Agents. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:560-567. [PMID: 37863486 PMCID: PMC10801713 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhaled toxicants are used for diverse purposes, ranging from industrial applications such as agriculture, sanitation, and fumigation to crowd control and chemical warfare, and acute exposure can induce lasting respiratory complications. The intentional release of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) during World War I caused life-long damage for survivors, and CWA use is outlawed by international treaties. However, in the past two decades, chemical warfare use has surged in the Middle East and Eastern Europe, with a shift toward lung toxicants. The potential use of industrial and agricultural chemicals in rogue activities is a major concern as they are often stored and transported near populated areas, where intentional or accidental release can cause severe injuries and fatalities. Despite laws and regulatory agencies that regulate use, storage, transport, emissions, and disposal, inhalational exposures continue to cause lasting lung injury. Industrial irritants (e.g., ammonia) aggravate the upper respiratory tract, causing pneumonitis, bronchoconstriction, and dyspnea. Irritant gases (e.g., acrolein, chloropicrin) affect epithelial barrier integrity and cause tissue damage through reactive intermediates or by direct adduction of cysteine-rich proteins. Symptoms of CWAs (e.g., chlorine gas, phosgene, sulfur mustard) progress from airway obstruction and pulmonary edema to acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which results in respiratory depression days later. Emergency treatment is limited to supportive care using bronchodilators to control airway constriction and rescue with mechanical ventilation to improve gas exchange. Complications from acute exposure can promote obstructive lung disease and/or pulmonary fibrosis, which require long-term clinical care. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Inhaled chemical threats are of growing concern in both civilian and military settings, and there is an increased need to reduce acute lung injury and delayed clinical complications from exposures. This minireview highlights our current understanding of acute toxicity and pathophysiology of a select number of chemicals of concern. It discusses potential early-stage therapeutic development as well as challenges in developing countermeasures applicable for administration in mass casualty situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqui Marzec
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Srikanth Nadadur
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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Sołtysiak M, Paplińska-Goryca M, Misiukiewicz-Stępień P, Wójtowicz P, Dutkiewicz M, Zegrocka-Stendel O, Sikorska M, Dymkowska D, Turos-Korgul L, Krenke R, Koziak K. β-escin activates ALDH and prevents cigarette smoke-induced cell death. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115924. [PMID: 38016364 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tobacco use is one of the biggest public health threats worldwide. Cigarette smoke contains over 7000 chemicals among other aldehydes, regarded as priority toxicants. β-escin (a mixture of triterpenoid saponins extracted from the Aesculus hippocastanum. L) is a potent activator of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) - an enzyme catalyzing oxidation of aldehydes to non-toxic carboxylic acids. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of β-escin on ALDH activity, ALDH isoforms mRNA expression and cytotoxicity in nasal epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE). METHODS Nasal epithelial cells from healthy non-smokers were treated with β-escin (1 µM) and exposed to 5% CSE. After 6- or 24-hours of stimulation cell viability, DNA damage, ALDH activity and mRNA expression of ALDH isoforms were examined. RESULTS 24 h β-escin stimulation revised CSE induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage. Cells cultured with β-escin or exposed to CSE responded with strong increase in ALDH activity. This effect was more pronounced in cultures treated with combination of β-escin and CSE. The strongest stimulatory effect on ALDH isoform mRNA expression was observed in cells cultured simultaneously with β-escin and CSE: at 6 h for ALDH1A1 and ALDH3A1, and at 24 h for ALDH1A3, ALDH3A2, ALDH3B1, and ALDH18A1. Combined β-escin and CSE treatment prevented the CSE-induced inhibition of ALDH2 expression at 24 h. CONCLUSIONS β-escin is an effective ALDH stimulatory and cytoprotective agent and might be useful in the prevention or supportive treatment of tobacco smoke-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Sołtysiak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Paplińska-Goryca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Misiukiewicz-Stępień
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Wójtowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Dutkiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Oliwia Zegrocka-Stendel
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Sikorska
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Dymkowska
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Laura Turos-Korgul
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Krenke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Koziak
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
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Marcano-Gómez EC, de Souza ABF, Machado-Junior PA, Rodríguez-Herrera AJ, Castro TDF, da Silva SPG, Vieira RG, Talvani A, Nogueira KDOPC, de Oliveira LAM, Bezerra FS. N-acetylcysteine modulates redox imbalance and inflammation in macrophages and mice exposed to formaldehyde. Free Radic Res 2023; 57:444-459. [PMID: 37987619 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2023.2284636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the protective role of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in cells and mice exposed to formaldehyde. For the in vitro study, J774A.1 macrophages cells were incubated for 8, 16 and 24 h with formaldehyde or NAC to assess cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the in vivo study, C57BL/6 mice (n = 48) were divided into 6 groups: control (CG), vehicle (VG) that received saline by orogastric gavage, a group exposed to formaldehyde 1% (FG) and formaldehyde exposed groups that received NAC at doses of 100, 150 and 200 mg/Kg (FN100, FN150 and FN200) for a period of 5 days. In vitro, formaldehyde promoted a decrease in cell viability and increased ROS, while NAC reduced formaldehyde-induced ROS production. Animals exposed to formaldehyde presented higher leukocyte counts in the blood and in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and promoted secretion of inflammatory markers IL-6, IL-15, and IL-10. The exposure to formaldehyde also promoted redox imbalance and oxidative damage characterized by increased activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, decreased GSH/GSSG ratio, as well as it increased levels of protein carbonyls and lipid peroxidation. NAC administration after formaldehyde exposure attenuated oxidative stress markers, secretion of inflammatory mediators and lung inflammation. In conclusion, both in in vitro and in vivo models, NAC administration exerted protective effects, which modulated the inflammatory response and redox imbalance, thus preventing the development airway injury induced by formaldehyde exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cecilia Marcano-Gómez
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Center of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Farias de Souza
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Center of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Pedro Alves Machado-Junior
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Center of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Andrea Jazel Rodríguez-Herrera
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Center of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Thalles de Freitas Castro
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Center of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Sirlaine Pio Gomes da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Ramony Gonzaga Vieira
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Biomaterials, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - André Talvani
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Katiane de Oliveira Pinto Coelho Nogueira
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Biomaterials, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Laser Antônio Machado de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Biomaterials, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Frank Silva Bezerra
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Center of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
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Impact of sub-acute acrolein inhalation on the molecular regulation of mitochondrial metabolism in rat lung. Toxicol Lett 2023; 378:19-30. [PMID: 36806656 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, mitochondria are recognized as key players in the pathogenesis of a variety of smoking-associated lung diseases. Acrolein, a component of cigarette smoke, is a known driver of biological mechanisms underlying smoking-induced respiratory toxicity. The impact of sub-acute acrolein inhalation in vivo on key processes controlling mitochondrial homeostasis in cells of the airways however is unknown. In this study, we investigated the activity/abundance of a myriad of molecules critically involved in mitochondrial metabolic pathways and mitochondrial quality control processes (mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy) in the lungs of Sprague-Dawley rats that were sub-acutely exposed to filtered air or 3 ppm acrolein by whole-body inhalation (5 h/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks). Acrolein exposure induced a general inflammatory response in the lung as gene expression analysis revealed an increased expression of Icam1 and Cinc1 (p < 0.1; p < 0.05). Acrolein significantly decreased enzyme activity of hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase (p < 0.01), and decreased Pdk4 transcript levels (p < 0.05), suggestive of acrolein-induced changes in metabolic processes. Investigation of constituents of the mitochondrial biogenesis pathways and mitophagy machinery revealed no pronounced alterations. In conclusion, sub-acute inhalation of acrolein did not affect the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism and quality control, which is in contrast to more profound changes after acute exposure in other studies.
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Teixeira RB, Pfeiffer M, Zhang P, Shafique E, Rayta B, Karbasiafshar C, Ahsan N, Sellke FW, Abid MR. Reduction in mitochondrial ROS improves oxidative phosphorylation and provides resilience to coronary endothelium in non-reperfused myocardial infarction. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:3. [PMID: 36639609 PMCID: PMC9839395 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00976-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated that mitochondrial antioxidant MnSOD that reduces mitochondrial (mito) reactive oxygen species (ROS) helps maintain an optimal balance between sub-cellular ROS levels in coronary vascular endothelial cells (ECs). However, it is not known whether EC-specific mito-ROS modulation provides resilience to coronary ECs after a non-reperfused acute myocardial infarction (MI). This study examined whether a reduction in endothelium-specific mito-ROS improves the survival and proliferation of coronary ECs in vivo. We generated a novel conditional binary transgenic animal model that overexpresses (OE) mitochondrial antioxidant MnSOD in an EC-specific manner (MnSOD-OE). EC-specific MnSOD-OE was validated in heart sections and mouse heart ECs (MHECs). Mitosox and mito-roGFP assays demonstrated that MnSOD-OE resulted in a 50% reduction in mito-ROS in MHEC. Control and MnSOD-OE mice were subject to non-reperfusion MI surgery, echocardiography, and heart harvest. In post-MI hearts, MnSOD-OE promoted EC proliferation (by 2.4 ± 0.9 fold) and coronary angiogenesis (by 3.4 ± 0.9 fold), reduced myocardial infarct size (by 27%), and improved left ventricle ejection fraction (by 16%) and fractional shortening (by 20%). Interestingly, proteomic and Western blot analyses demonstrated upregulation in mitochondrial complex I and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) proteins in MnSOD-OE MHECs. These MHECs also showed increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and membrane potential. These findings suggest that mito-ROS reduction in EC improves coronary angiogenesis and cardiac function in non-reperfused MI, which are associated with increased activation of OXPHOS in EC-mitochondria. Activation of an energy-efficient mechanism in EC may be a novel mechanism to confer resilience to coronary EC during MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayane Brinck Teixeira
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, 1 Hoppin Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Melissa Pfeiffer
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, 1 Hoppin Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Vascular Research Laboratory/Providence VA Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ehtesham Shafique
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, 1 Hoppin Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Bonnie Rayta
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, 1 Hoppin Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Catherine Karbasiafshar
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, 1 Hoppin Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Nagib Ahsan
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Proteomics Core Facility, Center for Cancer Research and Development, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry, Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Frank W Sellke
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, 1 Hoppin Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - M Ruhul Abid
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, 1 Hoppin Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
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Tulen CBM, Opperhuizen A, van Schooten FJ, Remels AHV. Disruption of the Molecular Regulation of Mitochondrial Metabolism in Airway and Lung Epithelial Cells by Cigarette Smoke: Are Aldehydes the Culprit? Cells 2023; 12:cells12020299. [PMID: 36672235 PMCID: PMC9857032 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a devastating lung disease for which cigarette smoking is the main risk factor. Acetaldehyde, acrolein, and formaldehyde are short-chain aldehydes known to be formed during pyrolysis and combustion of tobacco and have been linked to respiratory toxicity. Mitochondrial dysfunction is suggested to be mechanistically and causally involved in the pathogenesis of smoking-associated lung diseases such as COPD. Cigarette smoke (CS) has been shown to impair the molecular regulation of mitochondrial metabolism and content in epithelial cells of the airways and lungs. Although it is unknown which specific chemicals present in CS are responsible for this, it has been suggested that aldehydes may be involved. Therefore, it has been proposed by the World Health Organization to regulate aldehydes in commercially-available cigarettes. In this review, we comprehensively describe and discuss the impact of acetaldehyde, acrolein, and formaldehyde on mitochondrial function and content and the molecular pathways controlling this (biogenesis versus mitophagy) in epithelial cells of the airways and lungs. In addition, potential therapeutic applications targeting (aldehyde-induced) mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as regulatory implications, and the necessary required future studies to provide scientific support for this regulation, have been covered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy B. M. Tulen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Antoon Opperhuizen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Office of Risk Assessment and Research, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, P.O. Box 43006, 3540 AA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik-Jan van Schooten
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander H. V. Remels
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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Wu SY, Chu SJ, Tang SE, Pao HP, Liao WI. Alda-1 ameliorates air embolism-induced acute lung injury. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2023; 37:3946320231223005. [PMID: 38113877 PMCID: PMC10734354 DOI: 10.1177/03946320231223005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence suggests that aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) offers protection against damage caused by oxidative stress in diverse rodent models. Nonetheless, the effect of Alda-1, a compound that activates ALDH2, on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by air embolism (AE) remains unclear. The objective of this study was to explore the protective effects of Alda-1 in ALI induced by AE. METHODS A rat model of in situ isolated perfused lung was established to investigate AE-induced ALI. Air was infused into the pulmonary artery at 0.25 mL/min for 1 minute. Before inducing AE, different doses (10, 20, or 30 mg/kg) of Alda-1 were given through intraperitoneal injection. Pathological changes in lung tissue were assessed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. We performed Western blot analysis to assess the protein levels of ALDH2,4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (4-HNE), Bcl-2, caspase-3, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, IκB-α, and nuclear NF-κB. RESULTS Notably, AE results were demonstrated as harmful to the lungs, which is evidenced by intensified lung edema and disruption of lung tissue structure. Furthermore, AE caused a decrease in ALDH2 expression, increased accumulation of 4-HNE and MDA, infiltration of neutrophils, increased production of inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis, and upregulation of the PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways within the lungs. Administration of a 20 mg/kg dose of Alda-1 alleviated the detrimental effects induced by AE. CONCLUSION Alda-1 shows promise in mitigating AE-induced ALI, possibly through the upregulation of ALDH2 expression and suppression of the PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and to explore their translational potential in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yu Wu
- Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Jye Chu
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-En Tang
- Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ping Pao
- The Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-I Liao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wu H, Xu S, Diao M, Wang J, Zhang G, Xu J. ALDA-1 TREATMENT ALLEVIATES LUNG INJURY AFTER CARDIAC ARREST AND RESUSCITATION IN SWINE. Shock 2022; 58:464-469. [PMID: 36156537 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Alda-1, an aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) activator, has been shown to protect the lung against a variety of diseases including regional ischemia-reperfusion injury, severe hemorrhagic shock, hyperoxia, and so on. The present study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of Alda-1 treatment in alleviating lung injury after cardiac arrest (CA) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in swine. Methods: A total of 24 swine were randomized into three groups: sham (n = 6), CA/CPR (n = 10), and CA/CPR + Alda-1 (n = 8). The swine model was established by 8 min of electrically induced and untreated CA, and then 8 min of manual CPR. A dose of 0.88 mg/kg of Alda-1 was intravenously injected at 5 min after CA/CPR. After CA/CPR, extravascular lung water index (ELWI), pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI), and oxygenation index (OI) were regularly evaluated for 4 h. At 24 h after resuscitation, lung ALDH2 activity was detected, and its injury score, apoptosis, and ferroptosis were measured. Results: After experiencing the same procedure of CA and CPR, five swine in the CA/CPR group and six swine in the CA/CPR + Alda-1 group restored spontaneous circulation. Subsequently, significantly increased ELWI and PVPI, and markedly decreased OI were observed in these two groups compared with the sham group. However, all of them were gradually improved and significantly better in the swine treated with the Alda-1 compared with the CA/CPR group. Tissue analysis indicated that lung ALDH2 activity was significantly decreased in those swine experiencing the CA/CPR procedure compared with the sham group; nevertheless, its activity was significantly greater in the CA/CPR + Alda-1 group than in the CA/CPR group. In addition, lung injury score, and its apoptosis and ferroptosis were significantly increased in the CA/CPR and CA/CPR + Alda-1 groups compared with the sham group. Likewise, Alda-1 treatment significantly decreased these pathological damages in lung tissue when compared with the CA/CPR group. Conclusions: Alda-1 treatment was effective to alleviate lung injury after CA/CPR in a swine model, in which the protective role was possibly related to the inhibition of cell apoptosis and ferroptosis. It might provide a novel therapeutic target and a feasible therapeutic drug for lung protection after CA/CPR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mengyuan Diao
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Gongping Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lishui Muncipal Central Hospital, Lishui, China
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Wang B, Yu L, Liu W, Yang M, Fan L, Zhou M, Ma J, Wang X, Nie X, Cheng M, Qiu W, Ye Z, Song J, Chen W. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of acrolein exposure with pulmonary function alteration: Assessing the potential roles of oxidative DNA damage, inflammation, and pulmonary epithelium injury in a general adult population. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 167:107401. [PMID: 35850081 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acrolein is a significant high priority hazardous air pollutant with pulmonary toxicity and the leading cause of most noncancer adverse respiratory effects among air toxics that draws great attention. Whether and how acrolein exposure impacts pulmonary function remain inconclusive. OBJECTIVES To assess the association of acrolein exposure with pulmonary function and the underlying roles of oxidative DNA damage, inflammation, and pulmonary epithelium integrity. METHODS Among 3,279 Chinese adults from the Wuhan-Zhuhai cohort, associations of urinary acrolein metabolites (N-Acetyl-S-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-cysteine, CEMA; N-Acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl)-L-cysteine, 3HPMA) as credible biomarkers of acrolein exposure with pulmonary function were analyzed by linear mixed models. Joint effects of biomarkers of oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine), inflammation (C-reactive protein, CRP), and pulmonary epithelium integrity (Club cell secretory protein, CC16) with acrolein metabolites on pulmonary function and the mediating roles of these biomarkers were assessed. Besides, a subgroup (N = 138) was randomly recruited from the cohort to assess the stabilities of acrolein metabolites and their longitudinal associations with pulmonary function change in three years. RESULTS Significant inverse dose-response relationships between acrolein metabolites and pulmonary function were found. Each 10-fold increment in CEMA, 3HPMA, or ΣUACLM (CEMA + 3HPMA) was cross-sectionally related to a 68.56-, 40.98-, or 46.02-ml reduction in FVC and a 61.54-, 43.10-, or 50.14-ml reduction in FEV1, respectively (P < 0.05). Furthermore, acrolein metabolites with fair to excellent stabilities were found to be longitudinally associated with pulmonary function decline in three years. Joint effects of acrolein metabolites with 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine, CRP, and CC16 on pulmonary function were identified. CRP significantly mediated 5.97% and 5.51% of CEMA-associated FVC and FEV1 reductions, respectively. 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine significantly mediated 6.78%, 6.88%, and 7.61% of CEMA-, 3HPMA-, and ΣUACLM-associated FVC reductions, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Acrolein exposure of general adults was cross-sectionally and longitudinally related to pulmonary function decline, which was aggravated and/or partly mediated by oxidative DNA damage, inflammation, and pulmonary epithelium injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Linling Yu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430019, China
| | - Lieyang Fan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jixuan Ma
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xiuque Nie
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Man Cheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Weihong Qiu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zi Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jiahao Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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10
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Rashad WA, Sakr S, Domouky AM. Comparative study of oral versus parenteral crocin in mitigating acrolein-induced lung injury in albino rats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10233. [PMID: 35715565 PMCID: PMC9205959 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Acrolein (Ac) is the second most commonly inhaled toxin, produced in smoke of fires, tobacco smoke, overheated oils, and fried foods; and usually associated with lung toxicity. Crocin (Cr) is a natural carotenoid with a direct antioxidant capacity. Yet, oral administration of crocin as a natural rout is doubtful, because of poor absorbability. Therefore, the current study aimed to compare the potential protective effect of oral versus intraperitoneal (ip) crocin in mitigating Ac-induced lung toxicity. 50 Adult rats were randomly divided into 5 equal groups; Control (oral-saline and ip-saline) group, Cr (oral-Cr and ip-Cr) group, Ac group, oral-Cr/Ac group, and ip-Cr/Ac group; for biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical investigations. Results indicated increased oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in lungs of Ac-treated group. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations revealed lung edema, infiltration, fibrosis, and altered expression of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic markers. Compared to oral-Cr/Ac group, the ip-Cr/Ac group demonstrated remarkable improvement in the oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic biomarkers, as well as the histopathological alterations. In conclusion, intraperitoneal crocin exerts a more protective effect on acrolein-induced lung toxicity than the orally administered crocin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Abdelhaliem Rashad
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Alsharquiah, Egypt.
| | - Samar Sakr
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Alsharquiah, Egypt
| | - Ayat M Domouky
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Alsharquiah, Egypt
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11
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Rounds S, Lu Q, Siamwala J. CIGARETTE SMOKING INCREASES THE RISK OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME. TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN CLINICAL AND CLIMATOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 2022; 132:224-235. [PMID: 36196201 PMCID: PMC9480561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking (CS) remains a cause of considerable morbidity and mortality, despite recent progress in smoking cessation in the United States. Epidemiologic studies in humans have reported associations between CS and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) after a number of inciting risk factors. We have assessed the effects of CS exposure on lung vascular permeability and inflammation in mice and found that both acute and sustained CS exposure increased the severity of acute lung injury caused by subsequent intrapulmonary instillation of lipopolysaccharide. In addition to enhanced inflammation, CS exposure directly impaired lung endothelial cell barrier function. Our results indicate that mouse strains differ in susceptibility to CS exacerbation of acute lung injury and that there are differences in transcriptomic effects of CS. These results demonstrate the biologic basis for the association of CS with development of ARDS. We propose that CS be considered a cause of heterogeneity of ARDS phenotypes and that this be recorded as a risk factor in the design of clinical trials.
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12
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Khan M, Qiao F, Kumar P, Touhidul Islam SM, Singh AK, Won J, Singh I. Neuroprotective effects of Alda-1 mitigate spinal cord injury in mice: involvement of Alda-1-induced ALDH2 activation-mediated suppression of reactive aldehyde mechanisms. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:185-193. [PMID: 34100455 PMCID: PMC8451565 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.314312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with high production and excessive accumulation of pathological 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (4-HNE), a reactive aldehyde, formed by SCI-induced metabolic dysregulation of membrane lipids. Reactive aldehyde load causes redox alteration, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, pain-like behaviors, and locomotion deficits. Pharmacological scavenging of reactive aldehydes results in limited improved motor and sensory functions. In this study, we targeted the activity of mitochondrial enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) to detoxify 4-HNE for accelerated functional recovery and improved pain-like behavior in a male mouse model of contusion SCI. N-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-2,6-dichlorobenzamide (Alda-1), a selective activator of ALDH2, was used as a therapeutic tool to suppress the 4-HNE load. SCI was induced by an impactor at the T9–10 vertebral level. Injured animals were initially treated with Alda-1 at 2 hours after injury, followed by once-daily treatment with Alda-1 for 30 consecutive days. Locomotor function was evaluated by the Basso Mouse Scale, and pain-like behaviors were assessed by mechanical allodynia and thermal algesia. ALDH2 activity was measured by enzymatic assay. 4-HNE protein adducts and enzyme/protein expression levels were determined by western blot analysis and histology/immunohistochemistry. SCI resulted in a sustained and prolonged overload of 4-HNE, which parallels with the decreased activity of ALDH2 and low functional recovery. Alda-1 treatment of SCI decreased 4-HNE load and enhanced the activity of ALDH2 in both the acute and the chronic phases of SCI. Furthermore, the treatment with Alda-1 reduced neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal loss and increased adenosine 5′-triphosphate levels stimulated the neurorepair process and improved locomotor and sensory functions. Conclusively, the results provide evidence that enhancing the ALDH2 activity by Alda-1 treatment of SCI mice suppresses the 4-HNE load that attenuates neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, promotes the neurorepair process, and improves functional outcomes. Consequently, we suggest that Alda-1 may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of human SCI. Animal procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of MUSC (IACUC-2019-00864) on December 21, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushfiquddin Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Fei Qiao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Pavan Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - S M Touhidul Islam
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Avtar K Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jeseong Won
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Inderjit Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
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13
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Herr SA, Shi L, Gianaris T, Jiao Y, Sun S, Race N, Shapiro S, Shi R. Critical role of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 in acrolein sequestering in rat spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:1505-1511. [PMID: 34916435 PMCID: PMC8771087 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.330613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes, such as acrolein, the most reactive aldehyde, have emerged as key culprits in sustaining post-spinal cord injury (SCI) secondary pathologies leading to functional loss. Strong evidence suggests that mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2), a key oxidoreductase and powerful endogenous anti-aldehyde machinery, is likely important for protecting neurons from aldehydes-mediated degeneration. Using a rat model of spinal cord contusion injury and recently discovered ALDH2 activator (Alda-1), we planned to validate the aldehyde-clearing and neuroprotective role of ALDH2. Over an acute 2 day period post injury, we found that ALDH2 expression was significantly lowered post-SCI, but not so in rats given Alda-1. This lower enzymatic expression may be linked to heightened acrolein-ALDH2 adduction, which was revealed in co-immunoprecipitation experiments. We have also found that administration of Alda-1 to SCI rats significantly lowered acrolein in the spinal cord, and reduced cyst pathology. In addition, Alda-1 treatment also resulted in significant improvement of motor function and attenuated post-SCI mechanical hypersensitivity up to 28 days post-SCI. Finally, ALDH2 was found to play a critical role in in vitro protection of PC12 cells from acrolein exposure. It is expected that the outcome of this study will broaden and enhance anti-aldehyde strategies in combating post-SCI neurodegeneration and potentially bring treatment to millions of SCI victims. All animal work was approved by Purdue Animal Care and Use Committee (approval No. 1111000095) on January 1, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth A Herr
- Center for Paralysis Research & Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Liangqin Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Institute of Trauma and Orthopedics, Shanghai, China
| | - Thomas Gianaris
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yucheng Jiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Institute of Trauma and Orthopedics, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyuan Sun
- Center for Paralysis Research & Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Nick Race
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Scott Shapiro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Riyi Shi
- Center for Paralysis Research & Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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14
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Tsai HY, Hsu YJ, Lu CY, Tsai MC, Hung WC, Chen PC, Wang JC, Hsu LA, Yeh YH, Chu P, Tsai SH. Pharmacological Activation Of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Protects Against Heatstroke-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction. Front Immunol 2021; 12:740562. [PMID: 34764958 PMCID: PMC8576434 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.740562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heatstroke (HS) can cause acute lung injury (ALI). Heat stress induces inflammation and apoptosis via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and endogenous reactive aldehydes. Endothelial dysfunction also plays a crucial role in HS-induced ALI. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a mitochondrial enzyme that detoxifies aldehydes such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) protein adducts. A single point mutation in ALDH2 at E487K (ALDH2*2) intrinsically lowers the activity of ALDH2. Alda-1, an ALDH2 activator, attenuates the formation of 4-HNE protein adducts and ROS in several disease models. We hypothesized that ALDH2 can protect against heat stress-induced vascular inflammation and the accumulation of ROS and toxic aldehydes. Homozygous ALDH2*2 knock-in (KI) mice on a C57BL/6J background and C57BL/6J mice were used for the animal experiments. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used for the in vitro experiment. The mice were directly subjected to whole-body heating (WBH, 42°C) for 1 h at 80% relative humidity. Alda-1 (16 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally prior to WBH. The severity of ALI was assessed by analyzing the protein levels and cell counts in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, the wet/dry ratio and histology. ALDH2*2 KI mice were susceptible to HS-induced ALI in vivo. Silencing ALDH2 induced 4-HNE and ROS accumulation in HUVECs subjected to heat stress. Alda-1 attenuated the heat stress-induced activation of inflammatory pathways, senescence and apoptosis in HUVECs. The lung homogenates of mice pretreated with Alda-1 exhibited significantly elevated ALDH2 activity and decreased ROS accumulation after WBH. Alda-1 significantly decreased the WBH-induced accumulation of 4-HNE and p65 and p38 activation. Here, we demonstrated the crucial roles of ALDH2 in protecting against heat stress-induced ROS production and vascular inflammation and preserving the viability of ECs. The activation of ALDH2 by Alda-1 attenuates WBH-induced ALI in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ya Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Juei Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Heat Stroke, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yo Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chien Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chu Hung
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chuan Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chun Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lung-An Hsu
- Cardiovascular Department, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and School of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsin Yeh
- Cardiovascular Department, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and School of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pauling Chu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Heat Stroke, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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Kleinwort KJH, Hobmaier BF, Mayer R, Hölzel C, Degroote RL, Märtlbauer E, Hauck SM, Deeg CA. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Proteome Changes Profoundly in Milk. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080549. [PMID: 34436489 PMCID: PMC8399727 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) are detectable viable in milk and other dairy products. The molecular mechanisms allowing the adaptation of MAP in these products are still poorly understood. To obtain information about respective adaptation of MAP in milk, we differentially analyzed the proteomes of MAP cultivated for 48 h in either milk at 37 °C or 4 °C or Middlebrook 7H9 broth as a control. From a total of 2197 MAP proteins identified, 242 proteins were at least fivefold higher in abundance in milk. MAP responded to the nutritional shortage in milk with upregulation of 32% of proteins with function in metabolism and 17% in fatty acid metabolism/synthesis. Additionally, MAP upregulated clusters of 19% proteins with roles in stress responses and immune evasion, 19% in transcription/translation, and 13% in bacterial cell wall synthesis. Dut, MmpL4_1, and RecA were only detected in MAP incubated in milk, pointing to very important roles of these proteins for MAP coping with a stressful environment. Dut is essential and plays an exclusive role for growth, MmpL4_1 for virulence through secretion of specific lipids, and RecA for SOS response of mycobacteria. Further, 35 candidates with stable expression in all conditions were detected, which could serve as targets for detection. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD027444.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina J. H. Kleinwort
- Chair of Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany; (K.J.H.K.); (B.F.H.); (R.L.D.)
| | - Bernhard F. Hobmaier
- Chair of Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany; (K.J.H.K.); (B.F.H.); (R.L.D.)
| | - Ricarda Mayer
- Chair of Hygiene and Technology of Milk, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, D-85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (R.M.); (C.H.); (E.M.)
| | - Christina Hölzel
- Chair of Hygiene and Technology of Milk, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, D-85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (R.M.); (C.H.); (E.M.)
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, CAU Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Roxane L. Degroote
- Chair of Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany; (K.J.H.K.); (B.F.H.); (R.L.D.)
| | - Erwin Märtlbauer
- Chair of Hygiene and Technology of Milk, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, D-85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (R.M.); (C.H.); (E.M.)
| | - Stefanie M. Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-80939 Munich, Germany;
| | - Cornelia A. Deeg
- Chair of Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany; (K.J.H.K.); (B.F.H.); (R.L.D.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Khan M, Qiao F, Islam SMT, Dhammu TS, Kumar P, Won J, Singh AK, Singh I. GSNOR and ALDH2 alleviate traumatic spinal cord injury. Brain Res 2021; 1758:147335. [PMID: 33545099 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) enhances the activity of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) and inhibits the mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) activity, resulting in prolonged and sustained pain and functional deficits. This study's objective was to test the hypotheses that GSNOR's specific inhibitor N6022 mitigates pain and improves functional recovery in a mouse model of SCI. Furthermore, the degree of recovery is enhanced and the rate of recovery is accelerated by an ALDH2 activator Alda-1. Using both wild-type and GSNOR-/- mice, the SCI model deployed for groups was contusion at the T9-T10 vertebral level. The enzymatic activity of GSNOR and ALDH2 was measured, and the expression of GSNOR and ALDH2 was determined by western blot analysis. Functional improvements in experimental animals were assessed with locomotor, sensorimotor, and pain-like behavior tests. Wild-type SCI animals had enhanced GSNOR activity and decreased ALDH2 activity, leading to neurovascular dysfunction, edema, and worsened functional outcomes, including locomotor deficits and pain. Compared to wild-type SCI mice, GSNOR-/- mice had better functional outcomes. Monotherapy with either GSNOR inhibition by N6022 or enhanced ALDH2 activity by Alda-1 correlated well with functional recovery and lessened pain. However, combination therapy provided synergistic pain-relieving effects and more significant functional recovery compared with monotherapy. Conclusively, dysregulations in GSNOR and ALDH2 are among the causative mechanisms of SCI injury. Either inhibiting GSNOR or activating ALDH2 ameliorates SCI. Combining the specific inhibitor of GSNOR (N6022) with the selective activator of ALDH2 (Alda-1) provides greater protection to the neurovascular unit and confers greater functional recovery. The study is novel, and the combination therapy (N6022 + Alda-1) possesses translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushfiquddin Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
| | - Fei Qiao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
| | - S M Touhidul Islam
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
| | - Tajinder S Dhammu
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
| | - Pavan Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
| | - Jeseong Won
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
| | - Avtar K Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Ralph H Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States.
| | - Inderjit Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Ralph H Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States.
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17
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Sidramagowda Patil S, Hernández-Cuervo H, Fukumoto J, Krishnamurthy S, Lin M, Alleyn M, Breitzig M, Narala VR, Soundararajan R, Lockey RF, Kolliputi N, Galam L. Alda-1 Attenuates Hyperoxia-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:597942. [PMID: 33597876 PMCID: PMC7883597 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.597942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI), a milder form of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), is a leading cause of mortality in older adults with an increasing prevalence. Oxygen therapy, is a common treatment for ALI, involving exposure to a high concentration of oxygen. Unfortunately, hyperoxia induces the formation of reactive oxygen species which can cause an increase in 4-HNE (4-hydroxy 2 nonenal), a toxic byproduct of lipid peroxidation. Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) serves as an endogenous shield against oxidative stress-mediated damage by clearing 4-HNE. Alda-1 [(N-(1, 3 benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-2, 6- dichloro-benzamide)], a small molecular activator of ALDH2, protects against reactive oxygen species-mediated oxidative stress by promoting ALDH2 activity. As a result, Alda-1 shields against ischemic reperfusion injury, heart failure, stroke, and myocardial infarction. However, the mechanisms of Alda-1 in hyperoxia-induced ALI remains unclear. C57BL/6 mice implanted with Alzet pumps received Alda-1 in a sustained fashion while being exposed to hyperoxia for 48 h. The mice displayed suppressed immune cell infiltration, decreased protein leakage and alveolar permeability compared to controls. Mechanistic analysis shows that mice pretreated with Alda-1 also experience decreased oxidative stress and enhanced levels of p-Akt and mTOR pathway associated proteins. These results show that continuous delivery of Alda-1 protects against hyperoxia-induced lung injury in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahebgowda Sidramagowda Patil
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Helena Hernández-Cuervo
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jutaro Fukumoto
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Sudarshan Krishnamurthy
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Muling Lin
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Matthew Alleyn
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Mason Breitzig
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.,Brown School, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | | | - Ramani Soundararajan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Richard F Lockey
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Narasaiah Kolliputi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Lakshmi Galam
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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18
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Wang Y, Liu YJ, Xu DF, Zhang H, Xu CF, Mao YF, Lv Z, Zhu XY, Jiang L. DRD1 downregulation contributes to mechanical stretch-induced lung endothelial barrier dysfunction. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:2505-2521. [PMID: 33456556 PMCID: PMC7806475 DOI: 10.7150/thno.46192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The lung-protective effects of dopamine and its role in the pathology of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) are emerging. However, the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. Objective: To investigate the contribution of dopamine receptor dysregulation in the pathogenesis of VILI and therapeutic potential of dopamine D1 receptor (DRD1) agonist in VILI. Methods: The role of dopamine receptors in mechanical stretch-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction and lung injury was studied in DRD1 knockout mice, in isolated mouse lung vascular endothelial cells (MLVECs), and in lung samples from patients who underwent pulmonary lobectomy with mechanical ventilation for different time periods. Measurements and Main Results: DRD1 was downregulated in both surgical patients and mice exposed to mechanical ventilation. Prophylactic administration of dopamine or DRD1 agonist attenuated mechanical stretch-induced lung endothelial barrier dysfunction and lung injury. By contrast, pulmonary knockdown or global knockout of DRD1 exacerbated these effects. Prophylactic administration of dopamine attenuated mechanical stretch-induced α-tubulin deacetylation and subsequent endothelial hyperpermeability through DRD1 signaling. We identified that cyclic stretch-induced glycogen-synthase-kinase-3β activation led to phosphorylation and activation of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), which resulted in deacetylation of α-tubulin. Upon activation, DRD1 signaling attenuated mechanical stretch-induced α-tubulin deacetylation and subsequent lung endothelial barrier dysfunction through cAMP/exchange protein activated by cAMP (EPAC)-mediated inactivation of HDAC6. Conclusions: This work identifies a novel protective role for DRD1 against mechanical stretch-induced lung endothelial barrier dysfunction and lung injury. Further study of the mechanisms involving DRD1 in the regulation of microtubule stability and interference with DRD1/cAMP/EPAC/HDAC6 signaling may provide insight into therapeutic approaches for VILI.
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19
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Wang Z, White A, Wang X, Ko J, Choudhary G, Lange T, Rounds S, Lu Q. Mitochondrial Fission Mediated Cigarette Smoke-induced Pulmonary Endothelial Injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 63:637-651. [PMID: 32672471 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0008oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure increases the risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome in humans and promotes alveolar-capillary barrier permeability and acute lung injury in animal models. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Mitochondrial fusion and fission are essential for mitochondrial homeostasis in health and disease. In this study, we hypothesized that CS caused endothelial injury via an imbalance of mitochondrial fusion and fission and resultant mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction. We noted that CS altered mitochondrial morphology by shortening mitochondrial networks and causing perinuclear accumulation of damaged mitochondria in primary rat lung microvascular endothelial cells. We also found that CS increased mitochondrial fission likely by decreasing Drp1-S637 and increasing FIS1, Drp1-S616 phosphorylation, mitochondrial translocation, and tetramerization and reduced mitochondrial fusion likely by decreasing Mfn2 in lung microvascular endothelial cells and mouse lungs. CS also caused aberrant mitophagy, increased mitochondrial oxidative stress, and reduced mitochondrial respiration. An inhibitor of mitochondrial fission and a mitochondria-specific antioxidant prevented CS-induced increased endothelial barrier dysfunction and apoptosis. Our data suggest that excessive mitochondrial fission and resultant oxidative stress are essential mediators of CS-induced endothelial injury and that inhibition of mitochondrial fission and mitochondria-specific antioxidants may be useful therapeutic strategies for CS-induced endothelial injury and associated pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengke Wang
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Alexis White
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Xing Wang
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island.,Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Junsuk Ko
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Gaurav Choudhary
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island.,Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Thilo Lange
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Sharon Rounds
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island.,Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Qing Lu
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island.,Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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20
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Zheng Z, Wang M, Cheng C, Liu D, Wu L, Zhu J, Qian X. Ginsenoside Rb1 reduces H2O2‑induced HUVEC dysfunction by stimulating the sirtuin‑1/AMP‑activated protein kinase pathway. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:247-256. [PMID: 32377712 PMCID: PMC7248484 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction and senescence are closely associated with cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis and hypertension. Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), the major active constituent of ginseng, has been investigated intensively because of its anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects. In a previous study, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was applied to induce human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) aging. It was demonstrated that Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) was activated by Rb1 to protect HUVECs from H2O2-induced senescence. However, the mechanisms are not fully understood. The present study examined the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor of cellular metabolism, in the signaling pathway of SIRT1 during H2O2-stimulated HUVEC aging. It was identified that Rb1 restored the H2O2-induced reduction of SIRT1 expression, which was consistent with our previous study, together with the activation of AMPK phosphorylation. Using compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, the role of AMPK in the protective effect of Rb1 against H2O2-induced HUVEC senescence was examined. It was identified that the induction of phosphorylated AMPK by Rb1 markedly increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide production, and suppressed PAI-1 expression, which were abrogated in HUVECs pretreated with compound C. Further experiments demonstrated that nicotinamide, a SIRT1 inhibitor, downregulated the phosphorylation of AMPK and reduced the protective effects of Rb1 against H2O2-induced endothelial aging. Taken together, these results provide new insights into the possible molecular mechanisms by which Rb1 protects against H2O2-induced HUVEC senescence via the SIRT1/AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenda Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Cailian Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Dinghui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Jieming Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxian Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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21
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Yao H, Gong J, Peterson AL, Lu X, Zhang P, Dennery PA. Fatty Acid Oxidation Protects against Hyperoxia-induced Endothelial Cell Apoptosis and Lung Injury in Neonatal Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 60:667-677. [PMID: 30571144 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0335oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In neonates, hyperoxia or positive pressure ventilation causes continued lung injury characterized by simplified vascularization and alveolarization, which are the hallmarks of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Although endothelial cells (ECs) have metabolic flexibility to maintain cell function under stress, it is unknown whether hyperoxia causes metabolic dysregulation in ECs, leading to lung injury. We hypothesized that hyperoxia alters EC metabolism, which causes EC dysfunction and lung injury. To test this hypothesis, we exposed lung ECs to hyperoxia (95% O2/5% CO2) followed by air recovery (O2/rec). We found that O2/rec reduced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation without affecting mitochondrial DNA copy number or mitochondrial mass and that it specifically decreased fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in ECs. This was associated with increased ceramide synthesis and apoptosis. Genetic deletion of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (Cpt1a), a rate-limiting enzyme for carnitine shuttle, further augmented O2/rec-induced apoptosis. O2/rec-induced ceramide synthesis and apoptosis were attenuated when the FAO was enhanced by l-carnitine. Newborn mice were exposed to hyperoxia (>95% O2) between Postnatal Days 1 and 4 and were administered l-carnitine (150 and 300 mg/kg, i.p.) or etomoxir, a specific Cpt1 inhibitor (30 mg/kg, i.p.), daily between Postnatal Days 10 and 14. Etomoxir aggravated O2/rec-induced apoptosis and simplified alveolarization and vascularization in mouse lungs. Similarly, arrested alveolarization and reduced vessel numbers were further augmented in EC-specific Cpt1a-knockout mice compared with wild-type littermates in response to O2/rec. Treatment with l-carnitine (300 mg/kg) attenuated O2/rec-induced lung injury, including simplified alveolarization and decreased vessel numbers. Altogether, enhancing FAO protects against hyperoxia-induced EC apoptosis and lung injury in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Yao
- 1 Division of Biology and Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, and
| | - Jiannan Gong
- 1 Division of Biology and Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, and.,2 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; and
| | - Abigail L Peterson
- 1 Division of Biology and Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, and
| | - Xuexin Lu
- 1 Division of Biology and Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, and
| | - Peng Zhang
- 3 Cardiology Division, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Phyllis A Dennery
- 1 Division of Biology and Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, and.,4 Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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22
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Kimura M, Yokoyama A, Higuchi S. Aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 as a therapeutic target. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:955-966. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1690454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Kimura
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Yokoyama
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Susumu Higuchi
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
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23
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Guo B, Bai Y, Ma Y, Liu C, Wang S, Zhao R, Dong J, Ji HL. Preclinical and clinical studies of smoke-inhalation-induced acute lung injury: update on both pathogenesis and innovative therapy. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2019; 13:1753466619847901. [PMID: 31068086 PMCID: PMC6515845 DOI: 10.1177/1753466619847901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoke-inhalation-induced acute lung injury (SI-ALI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in victims of fire tragedies. SI-ALI contributes to an estimated 30% of burn-caused patient deaths, and recently, more attention has been paid to the specific interventions for this devastating respiratory illness. In the last decade, much progress has been made in the understanding of SI-ALI patho-mechanisms and in the development of new therapeutic strategies in both preclinical and clinical studies. This article reviews the recent progress in the treatment of SI-ALI, based on pathophysiology, thermal damage, airway obstruction, the nuclear-factor kappa-B signaling pathway, and oxidative stress. Preclinical therapeutic strategies include use of mesenchymal stem cells, hydrogen sulfide, peroxynitrite decomposition catalysts, and proton-pump inhibitors. Clinical interventions include high-frequency percussive ventilation, perfluorohexane, inhaled anticoagulants, and nebulized epinephrine. The animal model, dose, clinical application, and pharmacology of these medications are summarized. Future directions and further needs for developing innovative therapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Guo
- Institute of Lung and Molecular Therapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Henan, China
| | - Yichun Bai
- Institute of Lung and Molecular Therapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Henan, China
| | - Yana Ma
- Institute of Lung and Molecular Therapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Henan, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Institute of Lung and Molecular Therapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Henan, China
| | - Song Wang
- Institute of Lung and Molecular Therapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Henan, China
| | - Runzhen Zhao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Jiaxing Dong
- Institute of Lung and Molecular Therapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Henan, China
| | - Hong-Long Ji
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
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24
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Song Q, Lin L, Chen L, Cheng L, Zhong W. Co-administration of N-acetylcysteine and dexmedetomidine plays a synergistic effect on protection of LPS-induced acute lung injury via correcting Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines imbalance. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 47:294-301. [PMID: 31631367 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently both N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and Dexmedetomidine (DEX) have shown emerging roles in protection of acute lung injury (ALI). However, how their protective roles work and whether they can provide synergistic effects in ALI remain unknown. Here we explored it from the hot research viewpoint of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines balance. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI was established and treated with NAC and/or DEX. Mice were divided into Sham group, ALI group, NAC group, DEX group and NAC+DEX group. Mice were sampled at 6, 12 and 24 hours after the model construction. Histopathology, wet to dry ratio and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were assessed in lung tissues. Protein concentration and cell count were assessed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines were assessed in plasma, BALF and lung homogenate. ALI-induced lung morphological damage, edema and aberrant MPO activity can be attenuated by NAC or DEX and mostly by NAC+DEX. NAC with DEX significantly reduced ALI-induced protein leakage and cell infiltration in BALF. Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines imbalance aggravated with ALI progression. NAC, DEX and especially NAC+DEX can effectively correct these unbalanced cytokines. Galectin-9 and Tim-3 were transcriptionally up-regulated in ALI. Combination of NAC with DEX obtained a maximum effect on decreasing Galectin-9/Tim-3 expression. In summary, Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines imbalance is newly found to participate in LPS-induced ALI. NAC or DEX administration can attenuate ALI by rebalancing Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines. Their protective roles can be enhanced when co-administration, because DEX may relieve the Galectin-9/Tim-3 axis-mediated immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qitai Song
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lingxia Cheng
- College of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wu Zhong
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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25
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Longo V, Forleo A, Capone S, Scoditti E, Carluccio MA, Siciliano P, Massaro M. In vitro profiling of endothelial volatile organic compounds under resting and pro-inflammatory conditions. Metabolomics 2019; 15:132. [PMID: 31583479 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1602-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The evaluation of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) emitted by human body offers a unique tool to set up new non-invasive devices for early diagnosis and long-lasting monitoring of most human diseases. However, their cellular origin and metabolic fate have not been completely elucidated yet, thus limiting their clinical application. Endothelium acts as an interface between blood and surrounding tissues. As such, it adapts its physiology in response to different environmental modifications thus playing a role in the pathogenesis of many metabolic and inflammatory diseases. OBJECTIVES Since endothelium specifically reshapes its physiologic functions upon environmental changes the objective of this study was to evaluate if and how pro-inflammatory stimuli affect VOC metabolism in endothelial cell in culture. METHODS Gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection was applied to profile VOCs in the headspace of cultured endothelial cells (EC) in the absence or presence of the pro-inflammatory stimulus lipopolysaccharide (LPS). RESULTS We observed that, under resting conditions, EC affected the amount of 58 VOCs belonging to aldehyde, alkane and ketone families. Among these, LPS significantly altered the amount of 15 VOCs. ROC curves show a perfect performance (AUC = 1) for 10 metabolites including 1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol. DISCUSSION The emission and uptake of the aforementioned VOCs disclose potential unexplored metabolic pathways for EC that deserve to be investigated. Overall, we identified new candidate VOC potentially exploitable, upon experimental confirm in in vivo model of disease, as potential biomarkers of sepsis and pro-inflammatory clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Longo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, Lecce, Italy.
| | - A Forleo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, Lecce, Italy
| | - S Capone
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, Lecce, Italy
| | - E Scoditti
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Lecce, Italy
| | - M A Carluccio
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Lecce, Italy
| | - P Siciliano
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, Lecce, Italy
| | - M Massaro
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Lecce, Italy.
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26
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Gong J, Zhao H, Liu T, Li L, Cheng E, Zhi S, Kong L, Yao HW, Li J. Cigarette Smoke Reduces Fatty Acid Catabolism, Leading to Apoptosis in Lung Endothelial Cells: Implication for Pathogenesis of COPD. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:941. [PMID: 31555131 PMCID: PMC6727183 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis contributes to cigarette smoke (CS)-induced pulmonary emphysema. Metabolism of glucose, glutamine, and fatty acid is dysregulated in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Whether CS causes metabolic dysregulation in ECs leading to development of COPD remains elusive. We hypothesized that CS alters metabolism, resulting in apoptosis in lung ECs. To test this hypothesis, we treated primary mouse pulmonary microvascular ECs (PMVECs) with CS extract (CSE) and employed PMVECs from healthy subjects and COPD patients. We found that mitochondrial respiration was reduced in CSE-treated PMVECs and in PMVECs from COPD patients. Specifically, oxidation of fatty acids (FAO) was reduced in these cells, which linked to reduced carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (Cpt1a), an essential enzyme for carnitine shuttle. CSE-induced apoptosis was further increased when cells were treated with a specific Cpt1 inhibitor etomoxir or transfected with Cpt1a siRNA. L-Carnitine treatment augmented FAO but attenuated CSE-induced apoptosis by upregulating Cpt1a. CSE treatment increased palmitate-derived ceramide synthesis, which was reduced by L-carnitine. Although CSE treatment increased glycolysis, inhibiting glycolysis with 2-deoxy-d-glucose had no effects on CSE-mediated apoptosis in lung ECs. Conclusively, FAO reduction increases ceramide and apoptosis in lung ECs treated with CSE, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of COPD/emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Gong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tanzhen Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lifang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Erjing Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shuyin Zhi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lufei Kong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hong-Wei Yao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianqiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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27
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Alda-1 Prevents Pulmonary Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction following Severe Hemorrhagic Shock through Clearance of Reactive Aldehydes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2476252. [PMID: 31467875 PMCID: PMC6699483 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2476252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Severe hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (HS/R) can lead to lung injury, resulting in respiratory insufficiency. We investigated whether treatment with Alda-1, an ALDH2 activator, decreased lung injury induced by severe HS/R in a rat model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three groups, hemorrhagic shock + placebo, hemorrhagic shock + Alda-1, and sham. All animals were heparinized, and then 50% of the total calculated blood volume was collected over 60 minutes. After 40 minutes of hemorrhagic shock, animals were reinfused with the shed blood over 40 minutes and then observed for an additional 2 hours. Concentrations of 4-HNE, TNF-α, IL-6, and ALDH2 activity were detected; lung injury and lung wet-to-dry weight ratios were assessed. Expression of occludin and ZO-1 proteins in lung tissues was also determined. At 2 hours after resuscitation, lung injury was significantly reduced and the wet-to-dry weight ratio was notably decreased in the Alda-1 group compared with placebo (P<0.05). Alda-1 treatment also significantly increased the activity of ALDH2 and decreased the levels of toxic 4-HNE (P<0.05). In the Alda-1 group, IL-6 and TNF-α were dramatically decreased compared with placebo-treated animals (P<0.05). Expression of occludin and ZO-1 proteins was significantly decreased in the placebo group compared with the Alda-1 group (P<0.05). Thus, in a rat model of severe HS/R, treatment with Alda-1 increased the activity of ALDH2, significantly accelerated the clearance of reactive aldehydes, and concomitantly alleviated lung injury through improvement of pulmonary epithelial barrier integrity resulting in decreased alveolar epithelial tissue permeability, lung edema, and diffuse infiltration of inflammatory cells.
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28
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Larson-Casey JL, Gu L, Jackson PL, Briles DE, Hale JY, Blalock JE, Wells JM, Deshane JS, Wang Y, Davis D, Antony VB, Massicano AVF, Lapi SE, Carter AB. Macrophage Rac2 Is Required to Reduce the Severity of Cigarette Smoke-induced Pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 198:1288-1301. [PMID: 29897791 PMCID: PMC6290940 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201712-2388oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Cigarette smoking is prevalent in the United States and is the leading cause of preventable diseases. A prominent complication of smoking is an increase in lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). Although LRTIs are known to be increased in subjects that smoke, the mechanism(s) by which this occurs is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES Determine how cigarette smoke (CS) reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by the phagocytic NOX2 (NADPH oxidase 2), which is essential for innate immunity in lung macrophages. METHODS NOX2-derived ROS and Rac2 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2) activity were determined in BAL cells from wild-type and Rac2-/- mice exposed to CS or cadmium and in BAL cells from subjects that smoke. Host defense to respiratory pathogens was analyzed in mice infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS NOX2-derived ROS in BAL cells was reduced in mice exposed to CS via inhibition of the small GTPase Rac2. These mice had greater bacterial burden and increased mortality compared with air-exposed mice. BAL fluid from CS-exposed mice had increased levels of cadmium, which mediated the effect on Rac2. Similar observations were seen in human subjects that smoke. To support the importance of Rac2 in the macrophage immune response, overexpression of constitutively active Rac2 by lentiviral administration increased NOX2-derived ROS, decreased bacterial burden in lung tissue, and increased survival compared with CS-exposed control mice. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that therapies to maintain Rac2 activity in lung macrophages restore host defense against respiratory pathogens and diminish the prevalence of LRTIs in subjects that smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linlin Gu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Patricia L. Jackson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | | | - J. Edwin Blalock
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - J. Michael Wells
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jessy S. Deshane
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Yong Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Dana Davis
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Veena B. Antony
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Suzanne E. Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - A. Brent Carter
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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29
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Fan L, Fan Y, Liu L, Tao W, Shan X, Dong Y, Li L, Zhang S, Wang H. Chelerythrine Attenuates the Inflammation of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Inflammation Through NF-κB Signaling Pathway Mediated by Nrf2. Front Pharmacol 2018. [PMID: 30319404 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01047/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chelerythrine (CH), is a kind of benzo[c] phenanthridine alkaloid isolated from plants such as Chelidonium, with pharmacological activities as antitumor, antibiosis and anti-inflammation. However, few studies have demonstrated whether CH could protect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI), and the underlying mechanism is also uncertain. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of CH on LPS-induced ALI in mice and in RAW264.7 cells. In this study, we demonstrated that treatment with CH significantly ameliorated LPS-induced pathological changes in the lung. CH also attenuated LPS-induced W/D ratio, inflammatory cell infiltration. Meanwhile, LPS-induced Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) production and oxidative stress were markedly suppressed by CH. Furthermore, western blot showed that CH suppressed LPS-stimulated inflammation of RAW264.7 cells through activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway. Knocking down of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) led to the reduction of nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65, which triggered inflammation. These experimental results provided evidence that CH could be a potential therapeutic candidate for the intervention of ALI caused by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Fan
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Fan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital/Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Weiwei Tao
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Shan
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanqing Wang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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30
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Fan L, Fan Y, Liu L, Tao W, Shan X, Dong Y, Li L, Zhang S, Wang H. Chelerythrine Attenuates the Inflammation of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Inflammation Through NF-κB Signaling Pathway Mediated by Nrf2. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1047. [PMID: 30319404 PMCID: PMC6169195 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chelerythrine (CH), is a kind of benzo[c] phenanthridine alkaloid isolated from plants such as Chelidonium, with pharmacological activities as antitumor, antibiosis and anti-inflammation. However, few studies have demonstrated whether CH could protect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI), and the underlying mechanism is also uncertain. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of CH on LPS-induced ALI in mice and in RAW264.7 cells. In this study, we demonstrated that treatment with CH significantly ameliorated LPS-induced pathological changes in the lung. CH also attenuated LPS-induced W/D ratio, inflammatory cell infiltration. Meanwhile, LPS-induced Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) production and oxidative stress were markedly suppressed by CH. Furthermore, western blot showed that CH suppressed LPS-stimulated inflammation of RAW264.7 cells through activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway. Knocking down of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) led to the reduction of nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65, which triggered inflammation. These experimental results provided evidence that CH could be a potential therapeutic candidate for the intervention of ALI caused by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Fan
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Fan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital/Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Weiwei Tao
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Shan
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanqing Wang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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31
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Rounds S, Lu Q. Cigarette smoke alters lung vascular permeability and endothelial barrier function (2017 Grover Conference Series). Pulm Circ 2018; 8:2045894018794000. [PMID: 30036149 PMCID: PMC6153538 DOI: 10.1177/2045894018794000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking of tobacco products continues to be widespread, despite recent progress
in decreasing use. Both in the United States and worldwide, cigarette smoking is
a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Growing evidence indicates that acute
respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is among the consequences of cigarette
smoking. Based on the topic from the 2017 Grover Conference, we review evidence
that cigarette smoking increases lung vascular permeability using both acute and
longer exposures of mice to cigarette smoke (CS). We also review studies
indicating that CS extract disrupts cultured lung endothelial cell barrier
function through effects on focal adhesion contacts, adherens junctions, actin
cytoskeleton, and microtubules. Among the potentially injurious components of
CS, the reactive aldehyde, acrolein, similarly increases lung vascular
permeability and disrupts barrier function. We speculate that inhibition of
aldehyde-induced lung vascular permeability may prevent CS-induced lung
injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Rounds
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Qing Lu
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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32
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Zhou T, Yu Z, Jian MY, Ahmad I, Trempus C, Wagener BM, Pittet JF, Aggarwal S, Garantziotis S, Song W, Matalon S. Instillation of hyaluronan reverses acid instillation injury to the mammalian blood gas barrier. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 314:L808-L821. [PMID: 29368549 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00510.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid (HCl) aspiration during anesthesia may lead to acute lung injury. There is no effective therapy. We hypothesized that HCl instilled intratracheally in C57BL/6 mice results in the formation of low-molecular weight hyaluronan (L-HA), which activates RhoA and Rho kinase (ROCK), causing airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and increased permeability. Furthermore, instillation of high-molecular weight hyaluronan (H-HA; Yabro) will reverse lung injury. We instilled HCl in C57BL/6 wild-type (WT), myeloperoxidase gene-deficient (MPO-/-) mice, and CD44 gene-deficient (CD44-/-) mice. WT mice were also instilled intranasally with H-HA (Yabro) at 1 and 23 h post-HCl. All measurements were performed at 1, 5, or 24 h post-HCl. Instillation of HCl in WT but not in CD44-/- resulted in increased inflammation, AHR, lung injury, and L-HA in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) 24 h post-HCl; L-HA levels and lung injury were significantly lower in HCl-instilled MPO-/- mice. Isolated perfused lungs of HCl instilled WT but not of CD44-/- mice had elevated values of the filtration coefficient ( Kf). Addition of L-HA on the apical surface of human primary bronchial epithelial cell monolayer decreased barrier resistance ( RT). H-HA significantly mitigated inflammation, AHR, and pulmonary vascular leakage at 24 h after HCl instillation and mitigated the increase of Kf and RT, as well as ROCK2 phosphorylation. Increased H- and L-HA levels were found in the BALF of mechanically ventilated patients but not in healthy volunteers. HCl instillation-induced lung injury is mediated by the L-HA-CD44-RhoA-ROCK2 signaling pathway, and H-HA is a potential novel therapeutic agent for acid aspiration-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Zhihong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ming-Yuan Jian
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Israr Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Carol Trempus
- Matrix Biology Group, Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Brant M Wagener
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jean-Francois Pittet
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Stavros Garantziotis
- Matrix Biology Group, Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Weifeng Song
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sadis Matalon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
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33
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Lu Q, Gottlieb E, Rounds S. Effects of cigarette smoke on pulmonary endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 314:L743-L756. [PMID: 29351435 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00373.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States. Cardiovascular comorbidities associated with both active and secondhand cigarette smoking indicate the vascular toxicity of smoke exposure. Growing evidence supports the injurious effect of cigarette smoke on pulmonary endothelial cells and the roles of endothelial cell injury in development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), emphysema, and pulmonary hypertension. This review summarizes results from studies of humans, preclinical animal models, and cultured endothelial cells that document toxicities of cigarette smoke exposure on pulmonary endothelial cell functions, including barrier dysfunction, endothelial activation and inflammation, apoptosis, and vasoactive mediator production. The discussion is focused on effects of cigarette smoke-induced endothelial injury in the development of ARDS, emphysema, and vascular remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lu
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Providence, Rhode Island.,Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Eric Gottlieb
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Sharon Rounds
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Providence, Rhode Island.,Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
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