1
|
Uche NJ, Okoye O, Kizor-Akaraiwe N, Chuka-Okosa C, Uche EO. Determinants of participation in glaucoma genomic research in South East Nigeria: A cross-sectional analytical study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289643. [PMID: 37976286 PMCID: PMC10655997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic research advances the understanding of human health and disease. It also drives both the discovery of salient genetic association(s) as well as targeted screening, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Human subject participation is crucial for the success of genomic research. METHODS This is a cross sectional analytical study conducted at two tertiary centers in Enugu Southeast Nigeria. Semi structured questionnaires were administered to eligible consenting participants. Data on their demographics, willingness to participate in genomic research and motivation for participation were obtained. Data was analyzed using Stata version 17 and summarized using median, frequencies and interquartile range(IQR). Associations between covariates were evaluated with Chi square test and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Among 228 glaucoma subjects who participated in our study,119(52.2%) were female and 109(47.8%) were male. The median age was 64 years(IQR = 50-76). Although 219 (96.0%) participants expressed willingness to participate in a glaucoma genetic study, only 27(11.9%) of them will be willing to participate if there will not be feedback of results to participants (χ2 = 18.59, P<0.001). No participant expressed willingness to submit ocular tissue samples. Majority (96.2%) of subjects will not participate if the intended research required submission of body samples after death. Desire to know more about glaucoma (63%) was the most common reason for participation. In a multivariable logistic model, subjects between 61-90 years (p = 0.004, OR = 7.2) were 7 times more likely to express willingness to participate in glaucoma genetic research after adjusting for other covariates when compared to subjects aged 41-60 years. Other covariates did not influence participants' willingness. CONCLUSION Glaucoma subjects are more likely to be willing to participate in genetic research, if they would receive feedback of results. Willingness to participate in genetic research is significantly associated with age. LIMITATIONS We did not evaluate the salient options for feedback of results to participants in our study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nkechinyere J. Uche
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Onochie Okoye
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | | - Chimdi Chuka-Okosa
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Enoch O. Uche
- Department of Surgery, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Player JK, Riordan SM, Duncan RS, Koulen P. Analysis of Glaucoma Associated Genes in Response to Inflammation, an Examination of a Public Data Set Derived from Peripheral Blood from Patients with Hepatitis C. Clin Ophthalmol 2022; 16:2093-2103. [PMID: 35770250 PMCID: PMC9236525 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s364739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide and despite its prevalence, there are still many unanswered questions related to its pathogenesis. There is evidence that oxidative stress and inflammation play a major role in disease progression. Glaucoma patients from several studies showed altered gene expression in leukocytes, revealing the possibility of using peripheral biomarkers to diagnose or stage glaucoma. The fact that glaucoma is associated with gene expression changes in tissues distant from the retina underscores the possible involvement of systemic oxidative stress and inflammation as potential contributing or compounding factors in glaucoma. Methods We assembled a list of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers related to glaucoma based on a review of the literature. In addition, we utilized publicly available data sets of gene expression values collected from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and macrophages from two patient groups: those chronically infected by the hepatitis C virus and those who have cleared it. Activation of the innate immune response can render cells or tissues more responsive to a second delayed proinflammatory stimulus. Additional gene expression data from these cells after subsequent polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid treatment, used to elicit an acute inflammatory response, allowed for the investigation of the acute inflammatory response in these groups. We used fold-change comparison values between the two patient groups to identify genes of interest. Results A comparison analysis identified 17 glaucoma biomarkers that were differentially expressed in response to HCV-mediated inflammation. Of these 17, six had significant p-values in the baseline vs treated values. Expression data of these genes were compared between patients who had cleared the Hepatitis C virus versus those who had not and identified three genes of interest for further study. Discussion These results support our hypothesis that inflammation secondary to Hepatitis C virus infection affects the expression of glaucoma biomarker genes related to the antioxidant response and inflammation. In addition, they provide several potential targets for further research into understanding the relationship between innate responses to viral infection and inflammatory aspects of glaucoma and for potential use as a predictive biomarker or pharmacological intervention in glaucoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob K Player
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri – Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Sean M Riordan
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri – Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - R Scott Duncan
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri – Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Peter Koulen
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri – Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri – Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
- Correspondence: Peter Koulen, Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri – Kansas City, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA, Tel +1 816-235-6773, Email
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tang Y, Shah S, Cho KS, Sun X, Chen DF. Metabolomics in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:835736. [PMID: 35645711 PMCID: PMC9135181 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.835736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. It is suggested that primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), the most common form of glaucoma, may be associated with significant metabolic alternations, but the systemic literature review and meta-analysis in the area have been missing. Altered metabolomic profiles in the aqueous humor and plasma may serve as possible biomarkers for early detection or treatment targets. In this article, we performed a systematic meta-analysis of the current literature surrounding the metabolomics of patients with POAG and metabolites associated with the disease. Results suggest several metabolites found to be specifically altered in patients with POAG, suggesting broad generalizability and pathways for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Tang
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Simran Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kin-Sang Cho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xinghuai Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Feng Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Dong Feng Chen,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sahay P, Chakraborty M, Rao A. Global and Comparative Proteome Signatures in the Lens Capsule, Trabecular Meshwork, and Iris of Patients With Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:877250. [PMID: 35517867 PMCID: PMC9065473 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.877250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudoexfoliation (PXF) is characterized by the accumulation of the exfoliative material in the eye and high rates of blindness if left untreated. Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) is generally diagnosed too late due to its asymptomatic nature, necessitating the development of new effective screening tools for the early diagnosis of the disease. Thus, the increasing prevalence of this disease due to an aging population has demanded the identification of suitable biomarkers for the early detection of the disease or detection of the onset of glaucoma in the eyes with PXF. We applied a proteomics strategy based on a high-throughput screening method for the determination of proteins involving PXF and PXG pathogenesis. The lens capsule (LC), iris, and trabecular meshwork (TM) samples with PXF and PXG were taken by surgical trabeculectomy, and control samples were taken from the donor corneal buttons obtained from the institutional eye bank to characterize the proteome profile. Peptides from the LC were analyzed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The protein of interest and cytokine/chemokine profiles were verified using immunohistochemistry and the bio-plex kit assay, respectively. There were a total of 1433 proteins identified in the human LC, of which 27 proteins were overexpressed and eight proteins were underexpressed in PXG compared with PXF. Overexpressed proteins such as fibromodulin, decorin, lysyl oxidase homolog 1, collagen alpha-1(I) chain, collagen alpha-3(VI) chain, and biglycan were the major components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins involved in cell-matrix interactions or ECM proteoglycans and the assembly and cross-linking of collagen fibrils. The ECM composition and homeostasis are altered in glaucoma. Thus, quantitative proteomics is a method to discover molecular markers in the eye. Monitoring these events can help evaluate disease progression in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prity Sahay
- Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation (HERF), L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India.,KIIT School of Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Munmun Chakraborty
- Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation (HERF), L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India.,KIIT School of Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Aparna Rao
- Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation (HERF), L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India.,KIIT School of Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tools and Biomarkers for the Study of Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084287. [PMID: 35457104 PMCID: PMC9025234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The retina is part of the central nervous system, its analysis may provide an idea of the health and functionality, not only of the retina, but also of the entire central nervous system, as has been shown in Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s diseases. Within the retina, the ganglion cells (RGC) are the neurons in charge of processing and sending light information to higher brain centers. Diverse insults and pathological states cause degeneration of RGC, leading to irreversible blindness or impaired vision. RGCs are the measurable endpoints in current research into experimental therapies and diagnosis in multiple ocular pathologies, like glaucoma. RGC subtype classifications are based on morphological, functional, genetical, and immunohistochemical aspects. Although great efforts are being made, there is still no classification accepted by consensus. Moreover, it has been observed that each RGC subtype has a different susceptibility to injury. Characterizing these subtypes together with cell death pathway identification will help to understand the degenerative process in the different injury and pathological models, and therefore prevent it. Here we review the known RGC subtypes, as well as the diagnostic techniques, probes, and biomarkers for programmed and unprogrammed cell death in RGC.
Collapse
|
6
|
Auler N, Tonner H, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. Antibody and Protein Profiles in Glaucoma: Screening of Biomarkers and Identification of Signaling Pathways. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121296. [PMID: 34943212 PMCID: PMC8698915 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Glaucoma is a chronic eye disease that is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. Currently, the only therapeutic option is to lower intraocular pressure. The onset of the disease is often delayed because patients do not notice visual impairment until very late, which is why glaucoma is also known as “the silent thief of sight”. Therefore, early detection and definition of specific markers, the so-called biomarkers, are immensely important. For the methodical implementation, high-throughput methods and omic-based methods came more and more into focus. Thus, interesting targets for possible biomarkers were already suggested by clinical research and basic research, respectively. This review article aims to join the findings of the two disciplines by collecting overlaps as well as differences in various clinical studies and to shed light on promising candidates concerning findings from basic research, facilitating conclusions on possible therapy options. Abstract Glaucoma represents a group of chronic neurodegenerative diseases, constituting the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. To date, chronically elevated intraocular pressure has been identified as the main risk factor and the only treatable symptom. However, there is increasing evidence in the recent literature that IOP-independent molecular mechanisms also play an important role in the progression of the disease. In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that glaucoma has an autoimmune component. The main focus nowadays is elucidating glaucoma pathogenesis, finding early diagnostic options and new therapeutic approaches. This review article summarizes the impact of different antibodies and proteins associated with glaucoma that can be detected for example by microarray and mass spectrometric analyzes, which (i) provide information about expression profiles and associated molecular signaling pathways, (ii) can possibly be used as a diagnostic tool in future and, (iii) can identify possible targets for therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu Y, Szymanska M, Hu Y, Fazal MI, Jiang N, Yetisen AK, Cordeiro MF. Measures of disease activity in glaucoma. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 196:113700. [PMID: 34653715 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness globally which significantly affects the quality of life and has a substantial economic impact. Effective detective methods are necessary to identify glaucoma as early as possible. Regular eye examinations are important for detecting the disease early and preventing deterioration of vision and quality of life. Current methods of measuring disease activity are powerful in describing the functional and structural changes in glaucomatous eyes. However, there is still a need for a novel tool to detect glaucoma earlier and more accurately. Tear fluid biomarker analysis and new imaging technology provide novel surrogate endpoints of glaucoma. Artificial intelligence is a post-diagnostic tool that can analyse ophthalmic test results. A detail review of currently used clinical tests in glaucoma include intraocular pressure test, visual field test and optical coherence tomography are presented. The advanced technologies for glaucoma measurement which can identify specific disease characteristics, as well as the mechanism, performance and future perspectives of these devices are highlighted. Applications of AI in diagnosis and prediction in glaucoma are mentioned. With the development in imaging tools, sensor technologies and artificial intelligence, diagnostic evaluation of glaucoma must assess more variables to facilitate earlier diagnosis and management in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom; Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maja Szymanska
- The Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yubing Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom.
| | - M Ihsan Fazal
- The Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nan Jiang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ali K Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Francesca Cordeiro
- The Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; The Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (ICHNT), London, United Kingdom; Glaucoma and Retinal Neurodegeneration Group, Department of Visual Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cueto AFV, Álvarez L, García M, Álvarez-Barrios A, Artime E, Cueto LFV, Coca-Prados M, González-Iglesias H. Candidate Glaucoma Biomarkers: From Proteins to Metabolites, and the Pitfalls to Clinical Applications. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:763. [PMID: 34439995 PMCID: PMC8389649 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is an insidious group of eye diseases causing degeneration of the optic nerve, progressive loss of vision, and irreversible blindness. The number of people affected by glaucoma is estimated at 80 million in 2021, with 3.5% prevalence in people aged 40-80. The main biomarker and risk factor for the onset and progression of glaucoma is the elevation of intraocular pressure. However, when glaucoma is diagnosed, the level of retinal ganglion cell death usually amounts to 30-40%; hence, the urgent need for its early diagnosis. Molecular biomarkers of glaucoma, from proteins to metabolites, may be helpful as indicators of pathogenic processes observed during the disease's onset. The discovery of human glaucoma biomarkers is hampered by major limitations, including whether medications are influencing the expression of molecules in bodily fluids, or whether tests to validate glaucoma biomarker candidates should include human subjects with different types and stages of the disease, as well as patients with other ocular and neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, the proper selection of the biofluid or tissue, as well as the analytical platform, should be mandatory. In this review, we have summarized current knowledge concerning proteomics- and metabolomics-based glaucoma biomarkers, with specificity to human eye tissue and fluid, as well the analytical approach and the main results obtained. The complex data published to date, which include at least 458 different molecules altered in human glaucoma, merit a new, integrative approach allowing for future diagnostic tests based on the absolute quantification of local and/or systemic biomarkers of glaucoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Fernández-Vega Cueto
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Avda. Dres. Fernández-Vega, 34, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.F.-V.C.); (M.G.)
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (L.Á.); (A.Á.-B.); (E.A.)
| | - Lydia Álvarez
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (L.Á.); (A.Á.-B.); (E.A.)
| | - Montserrat García
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Avda. Dres. Fernández-Vega, 34, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.F.-V.C.); (M.G.)
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (L.Á.); (A.Á.-B.); (E.A.)
| | - Ana Álvarez-Barrios
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (L.Á.); (A.Á.-B.); (E.A.)
| | - Enol Artime
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (L.Á.); (A.Á.-B.); (E.A.)
| | - Luis Fernández-Vega Cueto
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Avda. Dres. Fernández-Vega, 34, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.F.-V.C.); (M.G.)
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (L.Á.); (A.Á.-B.); (E.A.)
| | - Miguel Coca-Prados
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Héctor González-Iglesias
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Avda. Dres. Fernández-Vega, 34, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.F.-V.C.); (M.G.)
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (L.Á.); (A.Á.-B.); (E.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Role of biometals in activation of immune cum inflammatory response in ovine ageing eye: a potential model for understanding human geriatric eye diseases. Biometals 2021; 34:1081-1098. [PMID: 34297243 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00331-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the age-related changes in biometal and antimicrobial peptide (cathelicidin) concentration and their role in oxidative cum pro-inflammatory cascade in an ovine animal model. Clinically healthy ovine (n = 126) were grouped as Group I (n = 55, age = up to 3 years), Group II (n = 52, age = above 3-below 6 years) and Group III (n = 19, age = 6 years above). Samples (aqueous humour and lens of the eye) were collected stored at - 80 °C till further analysis. In aqueous humour, the concentration of zinc (p < 0.001 in group III), copper (p < 0.05 in group II and p < 0.001 group III) and iron (p < 0.05 in group III) were significantly increased compared to group I. While as the concentration of magnesium were significantly decreased in group II (p < 0.001) and group III (p < 0.05) compared to group I. Similarly in eye lens the level of copper remained uniform as no significant change was observed across different age groups, while as significantly elevated levels of iron were observed in group III (p < 0.001) compared to group I. whereas, levels of lens Zinc (p < 0.05 in group II) and magnesium (p < 0.05 in group III and p < 0.001 in group II) were significantly decreased compared to group I. Age-dependent increase in levels of oxidation products which include advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) in aqueous humour and lenses of group II and group III (p < 0.001) and MDA in aqueous humour of group III (p < 0.05) were found compared to levels recorded in group I. In contrast, levels of antioxidants which include lens vitamin C in group II and group III (p < 0.01) and lens superoxide dismutase (SOD) in group III (p < 0.001) were significantly increased compared to group I. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in aqueous humour revealed significantly (p < 0.001) age-dependent increase in IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α elevated in group III, and group II as compared to group I, However, cathelicidin level in aqueous humour of group III and group II were significantly (p < 0.001) lower as compared to groups I. Furthermore,the present study observed significant (p < 0.05) metal-metal positive interaction between copper levels in lens with levels of (iron and magnesium) in aqueous humour, levels of Zn in lens with levels of Zn in aqueous humour, levels of Mg in lens with levels of (Cu, Zn and Mg) in aqueous humour. In addition,the present study reports significantly negative interaction between levels of lens Fe with levels of lens magnesium level, aqueous humour magnesium level and levels of copper in aqueous humour. A significantly positive correlation was observed between oxidative markers and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, while a significant negative correlation was observed between antioxidant defence markers and pro-inflammatory cytokine. These results suggest the essential role of age-related changes in biometal levels, oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These changes might help understand age-related changes in pathogenesis and effective targeting of pathogenetic pathways in ocular diseases.
Collapse
|
10
|
Myer C, Abdelrahman L, Banerjee S, Khattri RB, Merritt ME, Junk AK, Lee RK, Bhattacharya SK. Aqueous humor metabolite profile of pseudoexfoliation glaucoma is distinctive. Mol Omics 2021; 16:425-435. [PMID: 32149291 DOI: 10.1039/c9mo00192a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pseudoexfoliation (PEX) is a known cause of secondary open angle glaucoma. PEX glaucoma is associated with structural and metabolic changes in the eye. Despite similarities, PEX and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) may have differences in the composition of metabolites. We analyzed the metabolites of the aqueous humor (AH) of PEX subjects sequentially first using nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR: HSQC and TOCSY), and subsequently with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) implementing isotopic ratio outlier analysis (IROA) quantification. The findings were compared with previous results for POAG and control subjects analyzed using identical sequential steps. We found significant differences in metabolites between the three conditions. Principle component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) indicated clear grouping based on the metabolomes of the three conditions. We used machine learning algorithms and a percentage set of the data to train, and utilized a different or larger dataset to test whether a trained model can correctly classify the test dataset as PEX, POAG or control. Three different algorithms: linear support vector machines (SVM), deep learning, and a neural network were used for prediction. They all accurately classified the test datasets based on the AH metabolome of the sample. We next compared the AH metabolome with known AH and TM proteomes and genomes in order to understand metabolic pathways that may contribute to alterations in the AH metabolome in PEX. We found potential protein/gene pathways associated with observed significant metabolite changes in PEX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Myer
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA. and Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Leila Abdelrahman
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA. and Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Santanu Banerjee
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA. and Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA and Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Anna K Junk
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA. and Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA and Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Richard K Lee
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA. and Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sanjoy K Bhattacharya
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA. and Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tang Y, Pan Y, Chen Y, Kong X, Chen J, Zhang H, Tang G, Wu J, Sun X. Metabolomic Profiling of Aqueous Humor and Plasma in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Patients Points Towards Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:621146. [PMID: 33935712 PMCID: PMC8080440 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.621146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness globally characterized by progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and irreversible visual deficiency. As the most common type of glaucoma, primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is currently an unmet medical need with limited therapy by lowering intraocular pressure (IOP). However, some patients continue to progress even though their IOP are controlled. Although early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial in preventing irreversible visual impairment, there are currently no biomarkers for screening POAG. Metabolomics has the advantages of illustrating the final downstream products of the genome and establishing the closest link to the phenotype. So far, there is no study investigating the metabolomic profiles in both aqueous humor and plasma of POAG patients. Therefore, to explore diagnostic biomarkers, unveil underlying pathophysiology and potential therapeutic strategies, a widely targeted metabolomic approach was applied using ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry with C18 liquid chromatography to characterize the metabolomic profiles in both aqueous humor and plasma of 28 POAG patients and 25 controls in our study. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was performed to determine differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) between POAG and age-matched controls. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was calculated to assess the prediction accuracy of the DEMs. The correlation of DEMs with the clinical parameters was determined by Pearson correlation, and the metabolic pathways were analyzed using MetaboAnalyst 4.0. PLS-DA significantly separated POAG from controls with 22 DEMs in the aqueous humor and 11 DEMs in the plasma. Additionally, univariate ROC analysis and correlation analysis with clinical parameters revealed cyclic AMP (AUC = 0.87), 2-methylbenzoic acid (AUC = 0.75), 3'-sialyllactose (AUC = 0.73) in the aqueous humor and N-lac-phe (AUC = 0.76) in the plasma as potential biomarkers for POAG. Moreover, the metabolic profiles pointed towards the alteration in the purine metabolism pathway. In conclusion, the study identified potential and novel biomarkers for POAG by crosslinking the metabolomic profiles in aqueous humor and plasma and correlating with the clinical parameters. These findings have important clinical implications given that no biomarkers are currently available for glaucoma in the clinic, and the study provided new insights in exploring diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic strategies of POAG by targeting metabolic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqiong Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangmei Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Junyi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Hengli Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shijiazhuang No. 1 Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Guangxian Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shijiazhuang No. 1 Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Jihong Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghuai Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lin JB, Sheybani A, Santeford A, Apte RS. Longitudinal Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) and Long-term Intraocular Pressure Fluctuation in Glaucoma: A Pilot Study. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2021; 16:21-27. [PMID: 33520124 PMCID: PMC7841272 DOI: 10.18502/jovr.v16i1.8245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) was previously identified as a molecular marker of retinal ganglion cell stress in rodent models of glaucoma and was elevated in the aqueous humor (AH) of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma as a possible risk factor for glaucoma progression. The purpose of this study was to determine whether changes in the AH GDF15 levels were associated with intraocular pressure (IOP) changes in eyes undergoing glaucoma surgery. Methods Here, we performed a prospective, longitudinal pilot study in nine patients to determine whether changes in AH GDF15 levels from surgery to post-surgery follow-up were associated with IOP fluctuation. An initial AH sample was taken from the peripheral corneal paracentesis during planned glaucoma surgery, and a second sample was taken during an outpatient follow-up visit, approximately six months later. Results There was a statistically significant correlation between GDF15 fold change and IOP standard deviation (r = 0.87, P = 0.003), IOP range (r = 0.87, P = 0.003), and maximum IOP (r = 0.86, P = 0.003). There was no correlation between the GDF15 fold change and baseline IOP (r = 0.50, P = 0.17), final IOP (r = 0.038, P = 0.92), or mean IOP (r = 0.40, P = 0.28). Conclusion Our findings in this pilot study suggest that longitudinal changes in AH GDF15 may be associated with IOP fluctuation during the postoperative period. Further studies are necessary to corroborate these findings in a larger patient population and to explore the possibility that AH GDF15 may be used not only to improve treatment algorithms but also as a surrogate endpoint in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Lin
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Washington University, USA
| | - Arsham Sheybani
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Washington University, USA
| | - Andrea Santeford
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Washington University, USA
| | - Rajendra S Apte
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Washington University, USA.,Departments of Developmental Biology, Washington University, USA.,Departments of Medicine, Washington University, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Miyazaki D, Shimizu D, Fukushima A, Ebihara N, Uchio E, Shoji J, Namba K, Inoue Y, Ohashi Y, Okamoto S, Takamura E, Fujishima H. Reduced steroid-induced intraocular pressure elevation in tacrolimus-treated refractory allergic ocular diseases. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2020; 64:568-576. [PMID: 33026594 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-020-00774-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether topical tacrolimus can lessen steroid-induced intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation. STUDY DESIGN Open cohort post hoc analysis study. METHODS Five hundred eleven patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis or atopic keratoconjunctivitis (mean age 17.0 ± 9.2 years) were studied. All 511 patients were treated with topical tacrolimus with or without topical steroids, and the changes in IOP were measured monthly for 3 months. The elevation in IOP induced by use of topical steroids was calculated using mixed linear regression analyses. The relationship between the elevation in IOP within 4 weeks and the use or nonuse of tacrolimus reported in published data was analyzed using metaregression analysis to estimate the effects of tacrolimus on the IOP in eyes treated with topical steroids. RESULTS The mean topical steroid-induced IOP elevation in tacrolimus-treated eyes was lower, by 5.2 mmHg (P = 0.04), than that in earlier published data without tacrolimus as the control. In the tacrolimus-treated eyes, the mean betamethasone-induced IOP elevation was 1.3 mmHg without discontinuation of the steroid. Metaregression analysis indicated that glaucoma history and younger age had significant effects on topical steroid-induced IOP elevation, by 4.0 mmHg (P = 0.002) and 3.9 mmHg (P = 0.01), respectively. In tacrolimus-treated eyes, the most significant effect on the IOP was associated with glaucoma history or medication; however, its effect on the IOP was limited to 1.7 mmHg elevation (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Topical tacrolimus may lessen the steroid-induced elevation in IOP in younger individuals and may be a good adjunctive therapy to avoid IOP elevation in refractory cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dai Miyazaki
- Division of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8504, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Shimizu
- Division of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8504, Japan
| | | | - Nobuyuki Ebihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiichi Uchio
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Shoji
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Visual Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Namba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Inoue
- Division of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ohashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | | | - Etsuko Takamura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujishima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tsurumi University Dental Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vernazza S, Tirendi S, Bassi AM, Traverso CE, Saccà SC. Neuroinflammation in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3172. [PMID: 33007927 PMCID: PMC7601106 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the second leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Increasing evidence suggests oxidative damage and immune response defects are key factors contributing to glaucoma onset. Indeed, both the failure of the trabecular meshwork tissue in the conventional outflow pathway and the neuroinflammation process, which drives the neurodegeneration, seem to be linked to the age-related over-production of free radicals (i.e., mitochondrial dysfunction) and to oxidative stress-linked immunostimulatory signaling. Several previous studies have described a wide range of oxidative stress-related makers which are found in glaucomatous patients, including low levels of antioxidant defences, dysfunction/activation of glial cells, the activation of the NF-κB pathway and the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and so on. However, the intraocular pressure is still currently the only risk factor modifiable by medication or glaucoma surgery. This present review aims to summarize the multiple cellular processes, which promote different risk factors in glaucoma including aging, oxidative stress, trabecular meshwork defects, glial activation response, neurodegenerative insults, and the altered regulation of immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Tirendi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.T.); (A.M.B.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Italy
| | - Anna Maria Bassi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.T.); (A.M.B.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Italy
| | - Carlo Enrico Traverso
- Clinica Oculistica, DiNOGMI, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS-Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
López-Contreras AK, Martínez-Ruiz MG, Olvera-Montaño C, Robles-Rivera RR, Arévalo-Simental DE, Castellanos-González JA, Hernández-Chávez A, Huerta-Olvera SG, Cardona-Muñoz EG, Rodríguez-Carrizalez AD. Importance of the Use of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Inflammatory Profile in Aqueous and Vitreous Humor in Diabetic Retinopathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090891. [PMID: 32962301 PMCID: PMC7555116 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is one of the leading causes of visual impairment and morbidity worldwide, being the number one cause of blindness in people between 27 and 75 years old. It is estimated that ~191 million people will be diagnosed with this microvascular complication by 2030. Its pathogenesis is due to alterations in the retinal microvasculature as a result of a high concentration of glucose in the blood for a long time which generates numerous molecular changes like oxidative stress. Therefore, this narrative review aims to approach various biomarkers associated with the development of diabetic retinopathy. Focusing on the molecules showing promise as detection tools, among them we consider markers of oxidative stress (TAC, LPO, MDA, 4-HNE, SOD, GPx, and catalase), inflammation (IL-6, IL-1ß, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, TNF-α, and MMPs), apoptosis (NF-kB, cyt-c, and caspases), and recently those that have to do with epigenetic modifications, their measurement in different biological matrices obtained from the eye, including importance, obtaining process, handling, and storage of these matrices in order to have the ability to detect the disease in its early stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karen López-Contreras
- Department of Physiology, Health Sciences University Center, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico; (A.K.L.-C.); (M.G.M.-R.); (C.O.-M.); (R.R.R.-R.); (D.E.A.-S.); (J.A.C.-G.); (A.H.-C.); (E.G.C.-M.)
| | - María Guadalupe Martínez-Ruiz
- Department of Physiology, Health Sciences University Center, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico; (A.K.L.-C.); (M.G.M.-R.); (C.O.-M.); (R.R.R.-R.); (D.E.A.-S.); (J.A.C.-G.); (A.H.-C.); (E.G.C.-M.)
| | - Cecilia Olvera-Montaño
- Department of Physiology, Health Sciences University Center, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico; (A.K.L.-C.); (M.G.M.-R.); (C.O.-M.); (R.R.R.-R.); (D.E.A.-S.); (J.A.C.-G.); (A.H.-C.); (E.G.C.-M.)
| | - Ricardo Raúl Robles-Rivera
- Department of Physiology, Health Sciences University Center, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico; (A.K.L.-C.); (M.G.M.-R.); (C.O.-M.); (R.R.R.-R.); (D.E.A.-S.); (J.A.C.-G.); (A.H.-C.); (E.G.C.-M.)
| | - Diana Esperanza Arévalo-Simental
- Department of Physiology, Health Sciences University Center, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico; (A.K.L.-C.); (M.G.M.-R.); (C.O.-M.); (R.R.R.-R.); (D.E.A.-S.); (J.A.C.-G.); (A.H.-C.); (E.G.C.-M.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44280, Mexico
| | - José Alberto Castellanos-González
- Department of Physiology, Health Sciences University Center, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico; (A.K.L.-C.); (M.G.M.-R.); (C.O.-M.); (R.R.R.-R.); (D.E.A.-S.); (J.A.C.-G.); (A.H.-C.); (E.G.C.-M.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Specialties Hospital of the National Occidental Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44329, Mexico
| | - Abel Hernández-Chávez
- Department of Physiology, Health Sciences University Center, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico; (A.K.L.-C.); (M.G.M.-R.); (C.O.-M.); (R.R.R.-R.); (D.E.A.-S.); (J.A.C.-G.); (A.H.-C.); (E.G.C.-M.)
| | - Selene Guadalupe Huerta-Olvera
- Medical and Life Sciences Department, La Ciénega University Center, University of Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco 47810, Mexico;
| | - Ernesto German Cardona-Muñoz
- Department of Physiology, Health Sciences University Center, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico; (A.K.L.-C.); (M.G.M.-R.); (C.O.-M.); (R.R.R.-R.); (D.E.A.-S.); (J.A.C.-G.); (A.H.-C.); (E.G.C.-M.)
| | - Adolfo Daniel Rodríguez-Carrizalez
- Department of Physiology, Health Sciences University Center, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico; (A.K.L.-C.); (M.G.M.-R.); (C.O.-M.); (R.R.R.-R.); (D.E.A.-S.); (J.A.C.-G.); (A.H.-C.); (E.G.C.-M.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fernández-Vega Cueto A, Álvarez L, García M, Artime E, Álvarez Barrios A, Rodríguez-Uña I, Coca-Prados M, González-Iglesias H. Systemic Alterations of Immune Response-Related Proteins during Glaucoma Development in the Murine Model DBA/2J. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E425. [PMID: 32585848 PMCID: PMC7345206 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10060425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models of glaucoma, a neurodegenerative disease affecting the retina, offer the opportunity to study candidate molecular biomarkers throughout the disease. In this work, the DBA/2J glaucomatous mouse has been used to study the systemic levels of several proteins previously identified as potential biomarkers of glaucoma, along the pre- to post-glaucomatous transition. Serum samples obtained from glaucomatous and control mice at 4, 10, and 14 months, were classified into different experimental groups according to the optic nerve damage at 14 months old. Quantifications of ten serum proteins were carried out by enzyme immunoassays. Changes in the levels of some of these proteins in the transition to glaucomatous stages were identified, highlighting the significative decrease in the concentration of complement C4a protein. Moreover, the five-protein panel consisting of complement C4a, complement factor H, ficolin-3, apolipoprotein A4, and transthyretin predicted the transition to glaucoma in 78% of cases, and to the advanced disease in 89%. Our data, although still preliminary, suggest that disease development in DBA/2J mice is associated with important molecular changes in immune response and complement system proteins and demonstrate the utility of this model in identifying, at systemic level, potential markers for the diagnosis of glaucoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Fernández-Vega Cueto
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Avenida Doctores Fernández-Vega, 34, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.F.-V.C.); (M.G.); (I.R.-U.)
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (E.A.); (A.Á.B.); (M.C.-P.)
| | - Lydia Álvarez
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (E.A.); (A.Á.B.); (M.C.-P.)
| | - Montserrat García
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Avenida Doctores Fernández-Vega, 34, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.F.-V.C.); (M.G.); (I.R.-U.)
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (E.A.); (A.Á.B.); (M.C.-P.)
| | - Enol Artime
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (E.A.); (A.Á.B.); (M.C.-P.)
| | - Ana Álvarez Barrios
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (E.A.); (A.Á.B.); (M.C.-P.)
| | - Ignacio Rodríguez-Uña
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Avenida Doctores Fernández-Vega, 34, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.F.-V.C.); (M.G.); (I.R.-U.)
| | - Miguel Coca-Prados
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (E.A.); (A.Á.B.); (M.C.-P.)
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Héctor González-Iglesias
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Avenida Doctores Fernández-Vega, 34, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.F.-V.C.); (M.G.); (I.R.-U.)
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (E.A.); (A.Á.B.); (M.C.-P.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Graham KL, Diefenbach E, McCowan CI, White AJR. A technique for shotgun proteomic analysis of the precorneal tear film in dogs with naturally occurring primary glaucoma. Vet Ophthalmol 2020; 24 Suppl 1:131-145. [PMID: 32364655 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To introduce a protocol for the characterization of protein patterns in tears of dogs with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). ANIMALS Nineteen dogs (25 eyes). METHODS Tear samples were collected using a Schirmer tear strip, from dogs with PACG (PACG-affected eyes, n = 8; unaffected eyes predisposed to PACG, n = 7), POAG (n = 4), and healthy controls (n = 6). Protein precipitation and trypsin digestion were performed for analyses via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Proteins were identified using the SwissProt protein sequence database. Relative protein expression in 17 eyes (15 dogs) was evaluated using Proteome Discoverer 2.0. Pathway analyses were performed to investigate molecular mechanisms associated with primary glaucoma. RESULTS Unique peptides were identified in 505 proteins, with Major allergen Can f 1 and albumin identified with high confidence. Proteins unique to tears from diseased eyes (PACG: n = 7; POAG: n = 14) were identified. Nucleoside diphosphate was unique to tears in PACG eyes naïve to therapy, while retinal binding protein and NSFL1 cofactor p47 were unique to medicated PACG eyes. Relative expression of 34 proteins differed between disease states. Pathway analyses identified that the 'inflammatory response' was among the top disease/disorders in dogs with primary glaucoma (PACG and POAG) but not in healthy controls. CONCLUSION Tear samples suitable for mass spectrometry were readily obtained from pet dogs without needing specialized equipment. Further studies to validate the findings and explore potential candidate biomarkers for early disease detection and potential therapeutic targets are indicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen L Graham
- Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Eve Diefenbach
- Westmead Proteomics Facility, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Christina I McCowan
- University of Melbourne Veterinary Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Victoria State Government, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Andrew J R White
- Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre of Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Metabolomics of the aqueous humor in patients with primary congenital glaucoma. Mol Vis 2019; 25:489-501. [PMID: 31588173 PMCID: PMC6776440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is an autosomal recessive eye disorder, accounting for 0.01%-0.04% of blindness around the world. Unfortunately, the molecular characteristics concerning the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease remain poorly understood. METHODS Here, for the first time, we employed gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOF MS) to reveal comprehensively the metabolic characteristics of PCG. RESULTS First, 363 metabolites were detected in 50 aqueous humor (AH) samples from 30 patients with PCG, 10 patients with congenital cataracts (CCs), and 10 patients with aged-related cataracts (ARCs). Second, 290 metabolites in total were found in another 15 patients with PCG and 10 patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). A further analysis suggested that patients with PCG had a significantly distinct metabolomics profile. Three amino acid-associated metabolites, including glycine, urea, and phenylalanine, were identified to be significantly different (p≤0.05) in relation to PCG. Meanwhile, three glaucoma-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs7114303, rs9364602, and rs2165241, were determined to be related to these three metabolites. The results here indicate that certain amino acid-associated metabolites and their metabolisms are key regulatory elements and metabolic pathways in the pathogenesis of PCG. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, this work not only extended our understanding of the molecular characteristics of PCG, but also presented glycine as a potential biomarker for earlier diagnosis and may provide new therapeutic strategies for the disease.
Collapse
|
19
|
Near-Field Communication Sensors. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19183947. [PMID: 31547400 PMCID: PMC6767079 DOI: 10.3390/s19183947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Near-field communication is a new kind of low-cost wireless communication technology developed in recent years, which brings great convenience to daily life activities such as medical care, food quality detection, and commerce. The integration of near-field communication devices and sensors exhibits great potential for these real-world applications by endowing sensors with new features of powerless and wireless signal transferring and conferring near field communication device with sensing function. In this review, we summarize recent progress in near field communication sensors, including the development of materials and device design and their applications in wearable personal healthcare devices. The opportunities and challenges in near-field communication sensors are discussed in the end.
Collapse
|
20
|
Rossi C, Cicalini I, Cufaro MC, Agnifili L, Mastropasqua L, Lanuti P, Marchisio M, De Laurenzi V, Del Boccio P, Pieragostino D. Multi-Omics Approach for Studying Tears in Treatment-Naïve Glaucoma Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20164029. [PMID: 31426571 PMCID: PMC6721157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) represents the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and is a multifactorial, chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by retinal ganglion cell and visual field loss. There are many factors that are associated with the risk of developing POAG, with increased intraocular pressure being one of the most prevalent. Due to the asymptomatic nature of the disease, the diagnosis of POAG often occurs too late, which necessitates development of new effective screening strategies for early diagnosis of the disease. However, this task still remains unfulfilled. In order to provide further insights into the pathophysiology of POAG, we applied a targeted metabolomics strategy based on a high-throughput screening method for the determination of tear amino acids, free carnitine, acylcarnitines, succinylacetone, nucleosides, and lysophospholipids in naïve to therapy glaucomatous patients and normal controls. Also, we conducted proteomic analyses of the whole lacrimal fluid and purified extracellular vesicles obtained from POAG patients and healthy subjects. This multi-omics approach allowed us to conclude that POAG patients had lower levels of certain tear amino acids and lysophospholipids compared with controls. These targeted analyses also highlighted the low amount of acetylcarnitine (C2) in POAG patient which correlated well with proteomics data. Moreover, POAG tear proteins seemed to derive from extracellular vesicles, which carried a specific pro-inflammatory protein cargo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Rossi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University ''G. d'Annunzio'' of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University ''G. d'Annunzio'' of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cicalini
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University ''G. d'Annunzio'' of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Cufaro
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University ''G. d'Annunzio'' of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University ''G. d'Annunzio'' of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Luca Agnifili
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Opthalmic Clinic, Ss Annunziata Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Leonardo Mastropasqua
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Opthalmic Clinic, Ss Annunziata Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Marchisio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University ''G. d'Annunzio'' of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University ''G. d'Annunzio'' of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Piero Del Boccio
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University ''G. d'Annunzio'' of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University ''G. d'Annunzio'' of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Damiana Pieragostino
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University ''G. d'Annunzio'' of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University ''G. d'Annunzio'' of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yang X, Zeng Q, Göktas E, Gopal K, Al-Aswad L, Blumberg DM, Cioffi GA, Liebmann JM, Tezel G. T-Lymphocyte Subset Distribution and Activity in Patients With Glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:877-888. [PMID: 30821813 PMCID: PMC6397017 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-26129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Besides glia-driven neuroinflammation, growing evidence from analysis of human blood samples, isolated autoantibodies, and postmortem tissues also support systemic immune responses during neurodegeneration in glaucoma patients. To explore the T-cell–mediated component of systemic immunity, this study analyzed T lymphocytes in patients' blood. Methods Blood samples were collected from 32 patients with glaucoma and 21 nonglaucomatous controls, and mononuclear cells were isolated by Histopaque density gradient centrifugation. T-cell subset distribution was analyzed by multicolor flow cytometry after helper (Th) and cytotoxic fractions, and Th subpopulations, were stained with antibodies to CD4, CD8, or distinctive markers, such as IFN-γ (for Th1), IL-4 (for Th2), IL-17A (for Th17), and CD25/FoxP3 (for T regulatory cells [Tregs]). In addition, proliferative activity and cytokine secretion of T cells were analyzed after in vitro stimulation. Results Analysis of T-cell subset distribution detected a glaucoma-related shift. Despite similar frequencies of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, or Th1, Th2, or Th17 subsets in glaucoma and control groups, glaucomatous samples exhibited a trend toward decreased frequency of CD4+ (or CD8+)/CD25+/FoxP3+ Tregs within the entire CD4+ (or CD8+) population (P < 0.001). Furthermore, CD4+ T cells in glaucomatous samples presented a greater stimulation response (∼3-fold) as characterized by increased proliferation and proinflammatory cytokine secretion (P < 0.05). Conclusions These findings suggest that the immunity activated in glaucoma may not be counterbalanced by an efficient immune suppression. More work is encouraged to determine whether shifted T-cell homeostasis may contribute to neurodegeneration in glaucoma, and/or whether T-cell subset imbalance may serve as a biomarker of autoimmune susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
| | - Qun Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
| | - Emre Göktas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
| | - Kalashree Gopal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
| | - Lama Al-Aswad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
| | - Dana M Blumberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
| | - George A Cioffi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Liebmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
| | - Gülgün Tezel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hindle AG, Thoonen R, Jasien JV, Grange RMH, Amin K, Wise J, Ozaki M, Ritch R, Malhotra R, Buys ES. Identification of Candidate miRNA Biomarkers for Glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:134-146. [PMID: 30629727 PMCID: PMC6329203 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness worldwide, often remains undetected until irreversible vision loss has occurred. Treatments focus on lowering intraocular pressure (IOP), the only modifiable and readily measurable risk factor. However, IOP can vary and does not always predict disease progression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are promising biomarkers. They are abundant and stable in biological fluids, including plasma and aqueous humor (AqH). We aimed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in AqH and plasma from glaucoma, exfoliation syndrome (XFS), and control subjects. Methods Plasma and AqH from two ethnic cohorts were harvested from glaucoma or XFS (often associated with glaucoma, n = 33) and control (n = 31) patients undergoing elective surgery. A custom miRNA array measured 372 miRNAs. Molecular target prediction and pathway analysis were performed with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and DIANA bioinformatical tools. Results Levels of miRNAs in plasma, a readily accessible biomarker source, correlated with miRNA levels in AqH. Twenty circulating miRNAs were at least 1.5-fold higher in glaucoma or XFS patients than in controls across two ethnic cohorts: miR-4667-5p (P = 4.1 × 10−5), miR-99b-3p (P = 4.8 × 10−5), miR-637 (P = 5.1 × 10−5), miR-4490 (P = 5.7 × 10−5), miR-1253 (P = 6.0 × 10−5), miR-3190-3p (P = 3.1 × 10−4), miR-3173-3p (P = 0.001), miR-608 (P = 0.001), miR-4725-3p (P = 0.002), miR-4448 (P = 0.002), and miR-323b-5p (P = 0.002), miR-4538 (P = 0.003), miR-3913-3p (P = 0.003), miR-3159 (P = 0.003), miR-4663 (P = 0.003), miR-4767 (P = 0.003), miR-4724-5p (P = 0.003), miR-1306-5p (P = 0.003), miR-181b-3p (P = 0.004), and miR-433-3p (P = 0.004). miR-637, miR-1306-5p, and miR-3159, in combination, allowed discrimination between glaucoma patients and control subjects (AUC = 0.91 ± 0.008, sensitivity 85.0%, specificity 87.5%). Conclusions These results identify specific miRNAs as potential biomarkers and provide insight into the molecular processes underlying glaucoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allyson G Hindle
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Robrecht Thoonen
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jessica V Jasien
- Einhorn Clinical Research Center, New York Ear Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Robert M H Grange
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - Jasen Wise
- Qiagen, Frederick, Maryland, United States
| | | | - Robert Ritch
- Einhorn Clinical Research Center, New York Ear Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Rajeev Malhotra
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Emmanuel S Buys
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pantalon A, Obadă O, Constantinescu D, Feraru C, Chiseliţă D. Inflammatory model in patients with primary open angle glaucoma and diabetes. Int J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:795-801. [PMID: 31131239 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.05.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the inflammatory cytokines expression in aqueous humor in diabetic primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients. METHODS A cross-sectional study on 87 eyes, distributed as following: 26 eyes from diabetic patients, 16 eyes with POAG and 21 eyes from diabetic POAG patients; healthy controls (24 eyes) were recruited from patients undergoing conventional cataract surgery. A volume of 100 µL of aqueous humor (AH) was collected during phacoemulsification and 21 inflammatory markers were quantified using a Luminex® cytometric bead assay: IL-1Ra, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, GM-CSF, IFNγ, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CXCL5, CXCL8, bFGF, VEGF, TNFα. Main changes in cytokine profile were analyzed and compared between groups. Data on demographics, duration of glaucoma, intraocular pressure (IOP), number of anti-glaucoma substances were recorded for correlation analysis and prediction models. RESULTS Significant differences in cytokine expression between groups were detected for CXCL5 (P<0.001), CXCL8 (P=0.004), IL-1α (P<0.001), IL-2 (P<0.001), CCL4 (P=0.003), CCL5 (P<0.001) and TNFα (P=0.05). Post-hoc analysis identified IL-2 (P=0.009) and CXCL5 (P<0.001) as "separation markers" between POAG and diabetic POAG eyes. In POAG patients, the "separation markers" could highly predict the TNFα levels F(1, 16)=14.639, P<0.001, whereas in diabetic patients F(1, 24)=4.844, P=0.006 and diabetic POAG patients F(1, 19)=2.358, P=0.05 the level of prediction was inferior. CONCLUSION Our results reveal an inflammatory model based on increased TNFα levels in POAG eyes. Simultaneous co-stimulatory molecules and additional inflammatory pathways need to be further explored in diabetic POAG cases, since the prediction model could only partially explain the increased TNFα level in this category of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anca Pantalon
- Ophthalmology Department, "St. Spiridon" University Hospital, Iaşi 700111, Romania.,Ophthalmology Department, "Gr. T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi 700115, Romania
| | - Otilia Obadă
- Ophthalmology Department, "St. Spiridon" University Hospital, Iaşi 700111, Romania.,Ophthalmology Department, "Gr. T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi 700115, Romania
| | - Daniela Constantinescu
- Immunology Department, "Gr. T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi 700115, Romania
| | - Crenguţa Feraru
- Ophthalmology Department, "St. Spiridon" University Hospital, Iaşi 700111, Romania.,Ophthalmology Department, "Gr. T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi 700115, Romania
| | - Dorin Chiseliţă
- Ophthalmology Department, "St. Spiridon" University Hospital, Iaşi 700111, Romania.,Ophthalmology Department, "Gr. T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi 700115, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Park CE, Park SH. Investigation of the Molecular Diagnostic Market in Animals. KOREAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.15324/kjcls.2019.51.1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Eun Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Molecular Diagnostics Research Institute, Namseoul University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Sung-Ha Park
- IVD R&D Group, IVD Business Team, Health and Medical Equipment Division, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Review of Biomarkers in Ocular Matrices: Challenges and Opportunities. Pharm Res 2019; 36:40. [PMID: 30673862 PMCID: PMC6344398 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2569-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers provide a powerful and dynamic approach to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying ocular diseases with applications in diagnosis, disease modulation or for predicting and monitoring of clinical response to treatment. Defined as measurable indicator of normal or pathological processes, biomarker evaluation has been used extensively in drug development within clinical settings to better comprehend effectiveness of treatment in ocular diseases. Biomarkers in the eye have the advantage of access to multiple ocular matrices via minimally invasive methods. Repeat sampling for biomarker assessment has enabled reproducible objective measures of disease process or biological responses to a drug treatment. This review describes the usage of biomarkers with respect to four commonly sampled ocular matrices in clinic: tears, conjunctiva, aqueous humor and vitreous. Issues that affect the evaluation of biomarkers are discussed along with opportunities to leverage biomarkers such that ultimately, they can be used for customized targeted therapy.
Collapse
|
26
|
Shim MS, Kim KY, Bu JH, Nam HS, Jeong SW, Park TL, Ellisman MH, Weinreb RN, Ju WK. Elevated intracellular cAMP exacerbates vulnerability to oxidative stress in optic nerve head astrocytes. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:285. [PMID: 29459737 PMCID: PMC5833440 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0171-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is characterized by a progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells and their axons, but the underlying biological basis for the accompanying neurodegeneration is not known. Accumulating evidence indicates that structural and functional abnormalities of astrocytes within the optic nerve head (ONH) have a role. However, whether the activation of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway is associated with astrocyte dysfunction in the ONH remains unknown. We report here that the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway is critical to ONH astrocyte dysfunction, leading to caspase-3 activation and cell death via the AKT/Bim/Bax signaling pathway. Furthermore, elevated intracellular cAMP exacerbates vulnerability to oxidative stress in ONH astrocytes, and this may contribute to axonal damage in glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Inhibition of intracellular cAMP/PKA signaling activation protects ONH astrocytes by increasing AKT phosphorylation against oxidative stress. These results strongly indicate that activation of cAMP/PKA pathway has an important role in astrocyte dysfunction, and suggest that modulating cAMP/PKA pathway has therapeutic potential for glaucomatous ONH degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Sup Shim
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Keun-Young Kim
- Center for Research on Biological Systems, National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research and Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jung Hyun Bu
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hye Seung Nam
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Seung Won Jeong
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tae Lim Park
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mark H Ellisman
- Center for Research on Biological Systems, National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research and Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert N Weinreb
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Won-Kyu Ju
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pinazo-Durán MD, Shoaie-Nia K, Zanón-Moreno V, Sanz-González SM, Benítez del Castillo J, García-Medina JJ. Strategies to Reduce Oxidative Stress in Glaucoma Patients. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:903-918. [PMID: 28677495 PMCID: PMC6120109 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170705101910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a multifactorial pathology involving a variety of pathogenic mechanisms, including oxidative/nitrosative stress. This latter is the consequence of the imbalance between excessive formation and insufficient protection against reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. OBJECTIVE Our main goal is to gather molecular information to better managing pathologic variants that may determine the individual susceptibility to oxidative/nitrosative stress (OS/NS) and POAG. METHOD An extensive search of the scientific literature was conducted using PUBMED, the Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and other references on the topic of POAG and OS/NS from human and animal model studies published between 2010 and 2017. Finally, 152 works containing relevant information that may help understanding the role of antioxidants, essential fatty acids, natural compounds and other similar strategies for counteracting OS/NS in POAG were considered. RESULTS A wide variety of studies have proven that antioxidants, among them vitamins B3, C and E, Coenzyme Q10 or melatonin, ω-3/ω-6 fatty acids and other natural compounds (such as coffee, green tea, bear bile, gingko biloba, coleus, tropical fruits, etc.,) may help regulating the intraocular pressure as well as protecting the retinal neurons against OS/NS in POAG. CONCLUSION Based on the impact of antioxidants and ω-3/ω-6 fatty acids at the molecular level in the glaucomatous anterior and posterior eye segments, further studies are needed by integrating all issues involved in glaucoma pathogenesis, endogenous and exogenous risk factors and their interactions that will allow us to reach newer effective biotherapies for preventing glaucomatous irreversible blindness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria D. Pinazo-Durán
- Address correspondence to this author at the Ophthalmic Research Unit “Santiago Grisolía”/FISABIO, University Hospital Dr. Peset. Ave/ Gaspar Aguilar 90; 46017, Valencia, Spain; Tel: + 34 961622497;, Fax: + 34 961622748; E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang T, Ramnarayanan A, Cheng H. Real Time Analysis of Bioanalytes in Healthcare, Food, Zoology and Botany. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 18:E5. [PMID: 29267256 PMCID: PMC5795934 DOI: 10.3390/s18010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The growing demand for real time analysis of bioanalytes has spurred development in the field of wearable technology to offer non-invasive data collection at a low cost. The manufacturing processes for creating these sensing systems vary significantly by the material used, the type of sensors needed and the subject of study as well. The methods predominantly involve stretchable electronic sensors to monitor targets and transmit data mainly through flexible wires or short-range wireless communication devices. Capable of conformal contact, the application of wearable technology goes beyond the healthcare to fields of food, zoology and botany. With a brief review of wearable technology and its applications to various fields, we believe this mini review would be of interest to the reader in broad fields of materials, sensor development and areas where wearable sensors can provide data that are not available elsewhere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Wang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Ashwin Ramnarayanan
- School of Engineering Design, Technology and Professional Programs, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kliuchnikova AA, Samokhina NI, Ilina IY, Karpov DS, Pyatnitskiy MA, Kuznetsova KG, Toropygin IY, Kochergin SA, Alekseev IB, Zgoda VG, Archakov AI, Moshkovskii SA. Human aqueous humor proteome in cataract, glaucoma, and pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Proteomics 2017; 16:1938-46. [PMID: 27193151 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-nine human aqueous humor samples from patients with eye diseases such as cataract and glaucoma with and without pseudoexfoliation syndrome were characterized by LC-high resolution MS analysis. In total, 269 protein groups were identified with 1% false discovery rate including 32 groups that were not reported previously for this biological fluid. Since the samples were analyzed individually, but not pooled, 36 proteins were identified in all samples, comprising the constitutive proteome of the fluid. The most dominant molecular function of aqueous humor proteins as determined by GO analysis is endopeptidase inhibitor activity. Label-free protein quantification showed no significant difference between glaucoma and cataract aqueous humor proteomes. At the same time, we found decrease in the level of apolipoprotein D as a marker of the pseudoexfoliation syndrome. The data are available from ProteomeXchange repository (PXD002623).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadezhda I Samokhina
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.,Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Dmitry S Karpov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.,Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Pyatnitskiy
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Igor B Alekseev
- Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Sergei A Moshkovskii
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Anders F, Teister J, Funke S, Pfeiffer N, Grus F, Solon T, Prokosch V. Proteomic profiling reveals crucial retinal protein alterations in the early phase of an experimental glaucoma model. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2017; 255:1395-1407. [PMID: 28536832 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-017-3678-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinical glaucoma is difficult to assess in terms of molecular pathophysiology, prompting studies in experimental models of glaucoma. The purpose of this study was to investigate quantitative changes in retinal protein expression at the onset of experimental glaucoma in rats. Analyzing the proteome provides a suitable tool to decipher the pathophysiological processes in glaucomatous degeneration. METHODS Thermic cauterization of episcleral veins was utilized to elevate the intraocular pressure in Sprague Dawley rats. Morphological changes were surveyed on a cellular level with a staining of Brn3a-positive cells. The retinal nerve fiber layer was investigated using optical coherence tomography (OCT, Heidelberg Engineering) and the optic nerve was analyzed by an axonal grading system. Mass spectrometry-featured quantitative proteomics and immunohistochemical staining was used to identify specifically altered proteins in the course of intraocular pressure elevation and initial neurodegeneration. Proteomic data were further analyzed with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and Cytoscape to analyze further molecular associations. RESULTS The intraocular pressure rose significantly (p < 0.001) for the follow-up period of 3 weeks after which animals were sacrificed. Eyes exposed to an elevated intraocular pressure showed an initial decrease of retinal ganglion cells, retinal nerve fiber layer (p < 0.05) and an impairment of the optic nerve (p < 0.01). Mass spectrometry led to the identification and quantification of 931 retinal proteins, whereas 32 were considerably altered. Bioinformatics-assisted clustering revealed that a majority of these proteins are functionally associated with cell differentiation, apoptosis and stress response. The creation of an interactive protein network showed that numerous altered proteins are connected regarding their cellular function. Protein kinase b, mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 and the NF-κB complex seem to be essential molecules in this context. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, these results provide further lines of evidence that substantial molecular changes occur at the onset of the disease, identifying potential key players, which might be useful as biomarkers for diagnostics and development of medical treatment in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Anders
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia Teister
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebstian Funke
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.,University Eye Hospital Mainz, School of Medicine, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Franz Grus
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thanos Solon
- Department of Experimental Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Domagkstraße 15, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Verena Prokosch
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany. .,University Eye Hospital Mainz, School of Medicine, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ban N, Siegfried CJ, Lin JB, Shui YB, Sein J, Pita-Thomas W, Sene A, Santeford A, Gordon M, Lamb R, Dong Z, Kelly SC, Cavalli V, Yoshino J, Apte RS. GDF15 is elevated in mice following retinal ganglion cell death and in glaucoma patients. JCI Insight 2017; 2:91455. [PMID: 28469085 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.91455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Physicians often use surrogate endpoints to monitor the progression of glaucomatous neurodegeneration. These approaches are limited in their ability to quantify disease severity and progression due to inherent subjectivity, unreliability, and limitations of normative databases. Therefore, there is a critical need to identify specific molecular markers that predict or measure glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Here, we demonstrate that growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is associated with retinal ganglion cell death. Gdf15 expression in the retina is specifically increased after acute injury to retinal ganglion cell axons and in a murine chronic glaucoma model. We also demonstrate that the ganglion cell layer may be one of the sources of secreted GDF15 and that GDF15 diffuses to and can be detected in aqueous humor (AH). In validating these findings in human patients with glaucoma, we find not only that GDF15 is increased in AH of patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), but also that elevated GDF15 levels are significantly associated with worse functional outcomes in glaucoma patients, as measured by visual field testing. Thus, GDF15 maybe a reliable metric of glaucomatous neurodegeneration, although further prospective validation studies will be necessary to determine if GDF15 can be used in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rajendra S Apte
- Departments of Ophthalmology.,Medicine, and.,Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Von Thun Und Hohenstein-Blaul N, Kunst S, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. Biomarkers for glaucoma: from the lab to the clinic. Eye (Lond) 2017; 31:225-231. [PMID: 28085137 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2016.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, is often not diagnosed until many years after disease onset. Early and objective diagnostic measures are yet missing. Besides the main risk factor, an elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), age, sex, and ethnicity are known to affect disease progression and severity. Furthermore, oxidative stress, elevated glutamate concentrations, and an autoimmune component are considered possible risk factors. We could identify several potential proteomic biomarkers in glaucoma and examine distinct changes in the glaucomatous human retina proteome. Using an experimental autoimmune glaucoma animal (EAG) model we could demonstrate an IOP-independent loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGC), which is accompanied by antibody depositions and increased levels of microglia. In a different animal model we showed that intermittent IOP elevations provoke neurodegeneration in the optic nerve and the retina and elicit changes of IgG autoantibody reactivities. The correlation between neuronal damage and changes in autoantibody reactivity suggests that autoantibody profiling could be a useful biomarker for glaucoma. In vivo studies on neuroretinal cells and porcine retinal explants demonstrated a protective effect of antibodies (eg, anti-GFAP) on RGC, which seems to be the result of reduced stress levels in the retina. We conclude that the absence of some autoantibodies in glaucoma patients reflects a loss of the protective potential of natural autoimmunity and may thus encourage neurodegenerative processes. Concluding, autoantibody profiles resemble useful biomarkers for diagnosis, progression and severity of glaucoma. Future longitudinal studies will help to improve early detection and enable better monitoring of disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Von Thun Und Hohenstein-Blaul
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - S Kunst
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - N Pfeiffer
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - F H Grus
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
In many health-related fields, there is great interest in the identification of biomarkers that distinguish diseased from healthy individuals. In addition to identifying the diseased state, biomarkers have potential use in predicting disease risk, monitoring disease progression, evaluating treatment efficacy, and informing pathogenesis. This review details the genetic and biochemical markers associated with canine primary glaucoma. While there are numerous molecular markers (biochemical and genetic) associated with glaucoma in dogs, there is no ideal biomarker that allows early diagnosis and/or identification of disease progression. Genetic mutations associated with canine glaucoma include those affecting ADAMTS10, ADAMTS17, Myocilin, Nebulin, COL1A2, RAB22A, and SRBD1. With the exception of Myocilin, there is very limited crossover in genetic biomarkers identified between human and canine glaucomas. Mutations associated with canine glaucoma vary between and within canine breeds, and gene discoveries therefore have limited overall effects as a screening tool in the general canine population. Biochemical markers of glaucoma include indicators of inflammation, oxidative stress, serum autoantibodies, matrix metalloproteinases, tumor necrosis factor–α, and transforming growth factor–β. These markers include those that indicate an adaptive or protective response, as well as those that reflect the damage arising from oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. L. Graham
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C. McCowan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Victoria, Australia
| | - A. White
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hernández-Martínez FJ, Piñas-García P, Lleó-Pérez AV, Zanón-Moreno VC, Bendala-Tufanisco E, García-Medina JJ, Vinuesa-Silva I, Pinazo-Durán MD. Biomarkers of lipid peroxidation in the aqueous humor of primary open-angle glaucoma patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 91:357-62. [PMID: 26944209 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2016.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the lipid peroxidation (PEROX) processes in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients, and whether this mechanism may be related to disease progression. MATERIAL AND METHODS A prospective, observational, cross-sectional, non-experimental, and analytical study was conducted on a case and a comparison group, consisting of 175 surgical patients divided into: 1) POAG group (GG; n=88) and 2) comparison group of patients with cataracts (CG; n=87). Demographic data, patient characteristics, lifestyle data, as well as ophthalmological examination were registered in an Excel spreadsheet. Biochemical data were obtained by processing the aqueous humor collected at the beginning of surgery. Determination of malondialdehyde/thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (MDA/TBARS) and total antioxidant activity (AAO) was assayed using enzymatic-colorimetric methods in the aqueous humor samples. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 15.0 software. RESULTS Aqueous humor MDA/TBARS levels were significantly higher (P<.001) and the AAO significantly lower (P<.001) in the GG than in the GC. The MDA/TBARS directly correlated with intraocular pressure (IOP) values and the cup-to-disc ratio (CDR). Decreased AAO activity correlated inversely with IOP and CDR. Differences between groups were noticeably higher in the GG as regards obesity, alcohol consumption, anxiety, depression, and sedentary lifestyle. In the multivariate analysis, the variables that showed a better predictive ability were: MDA/TBARS, PIO, AAO, CDR, and depression. CONCLUSIONS The POAG patients have a PEROX background that is reflected in the aqueous humor by variations in MDA/TBARS and AAO. Moreover, both the MDA/TBARS and AAO correlated with IOP values and the CDR. We propose that determination of MDA/TBARS and AAO in the aqueous humor of POAG patients can be used as biomarkers for monitoring the disease, as well the changes in lifestyle and other related risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F J Hernández-Martínez
- Servicio Oftalmología, Hospital San Juan de Dios del Aljarafe, Bormujos (Sevilla), España.
| | - P Piñas-García
- Servicio Oftalmología, Hospital San Juan de Dios del Aljarafe, Bormujos (Sevilla), España
| | - A V Lleó-Pérez
- Servicio Oftalmología, Hospital Francesc Borja, Gandía (Valencia), España
| | - V C Zanón-Moreno
- Unidad Investigación Oftalmológica Santiago Grisolía, Fundación Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica (FISABIO), Valencia, España
| | - E Bendala-Tufanisco
- Unidad Investigación Oftalmológica Santiago Grisolía, Fundación Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica (FISABIO), Valencia, España; Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad Cardenal Herrera CEU San Pablo, Valencia, España
| | - J J García-Medina
- Unidad Investigación Oftalmológica Santiago Grisolía, Fundación Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica (FISABIO), Valencia, España; Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Murcia, España
| | - I Vinuesa-Silva
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Punta de Europa, Algeciras, España
| | - M D Pinazo-Durán
- Unidad Investigación Oftalmológica Santiago Grisolía, Fundación Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica (FISABIO), Valencia, España; Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Advances in retinal ganglion cell imaging. Eye (Lond) 2015; 29:1260-9. [PMID: 26293138 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2015.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide and will affect 79.6 million people worldwide by 2020. It is caused by the progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), predominantly via apoptosis, within the retinal nerve fibre layer and the corresponding loss of axons of the optic nerve head. One of its most devastating features is its late diagnosis and the resulting irreversible visual loss that is often predictable. Current diagnostic tools require significant RGC or functional visual field loss before the threshold for detection of glaucoma may be reached. To propel the efficacy of therapeutics in glaucoma, an earlier diagnostic tool is required. Recent advances in retinal imaging, including optical coherence tomography, confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, and adaptive optics, have propelled both glaucoma research and clinical diagnostics and therapeutics. However, an ideal imaging technique to diagnose and monitor glaucoma would image RGCs non-invasively with high specificity and sensitivity in vivo. It may confirm the presence of healthy RGCs, such as in transgenic models or retrograde labelling, or detect subtle changes in the number of unhealthy or apoptotic RGCs, such as detection of apoptosing retinal cells (DARC). Although many of these advances have not yet been introduced to the clinical arena, their successes in animal studies are enthralling. This review will illustrate the challenges of imaging RGCs, the main retinal imaging modalities, the in vivo techniques to augment these as specific RGC-imaging tools and their potential for translation to the glaucoma clinic.
Collapse
|
36
|
In vivo quantification of cochlin in glaucomatous DBA/2J mice using optical coherence tomography. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11092. [PMID: 26047051 PMCID: PMC4457137 DOI: 10.1038/srep11092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of cochlin in the trabecular meshwork (TM) precedes the clinical
glaucoma symptoms in DBA/2J mice. The ability to quantify cochlin in the local
tissue (TM) offers potential diagnostic and prognostic values. We present two
(spectroscopic and magnetomotive) optical coherence tomography (OCT) approaches for
in vivo cochlin quantification in a periodic manner. The cochlin-antibody
OCT signal remains stable for up to 24 hours as seen at
3.5 hours after injection allowing for repeated quantification in the
living mouse eyes.
Collapse
|
37
|
Sharif NA. Novel potential treatment modalities for ocular hypertension: focus on angiotensin and bradykinin system axes. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2015; 31:131-45. [PMID: 25599263 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2014.0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of modern surgical procedures, new drug delivery techniques, health authority-approved single topical ocular drugs, and combination products thereof, there continues to be an unmet medical need for novel treatment modalities for preserving vision. This is especially true for the treatment of glaucoma and the high risk factor often associated with this ocular disease, elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Undesirable local or systemic side effects, frequency of dosing, lack of sustained IOP lowering, and lack of prevention of diurnal IOP spikes are among the greatest challenges. The very recent discovery, characterization, and publication of 2 novel IOP-lowering agents that pertain to the renin-angiotensin and kallikrein-kinin axes potentially offer novel means to treat and control ocular hypertension (OHT). Here, some contextual introductory information is provided first, followed by more detailed discussion of the properties and actions of diminazene aceturate (DIZE; a novel angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 activator) and FR-190997 (a nonpeptide bradykinin receptor-2 agonist) in relation to their anti-OHT activities in rodent and cynomolgus monkey eyes, respectively. It is anticipated that these compounds will pave the way for future discovery, development, and marketing of novel drugs to treat glaucoma and thus help save sight for millions of people afflicted with this slow progressive optic neuropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Najam A Sharif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University , Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
|
39
|
Tezel G. A decade of proteomics studies of glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 8:154-67. [PMID: 24415558 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201300115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness; however, limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in optic nerve degeneration hinders the development of improved treatment strategies. Proteomics techniques that combine the protein chemistry, MS, and bioinformatics offer the opportunity to shed light on molecular mechanisms so that new treatment strategies can be developed for immunomodulation, neuroprotection, neurorescue, neuroregeneration, and function gain in glaucoma. The proteomics technologies also hold great promise for biomarker discovery, another important goal of glaucoma research. As much as developing new treatment strategies, molecular biomarkers are strongly needed for early diagnosis of glaucoma, prediction of its prognosis, and monitoring the responses to new treatments. It is now a decade that the proteomics analysis techniques have been using to move glaucoma research forward. This review will focus on valuable applications of proteomics in the field of glaucoma research and highlight the power of this analytical toolbox in translational and clinical research toward better characterization and improved treatment of glaucomatous neurodegeneration and discovery of glaucoma-related molecular biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gülgün Tezel
- Departments of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences and Anatomical Sciences & Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tezel G. A proteomics view of the molecular mechanisms and biomarkers of glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2013; 35:18-43. [PMID: 23396249 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite improving understanding of glaucoma, key molecular players of neurodegeneration that can be targeted for treatment of glaucoma, or molecular biomarkers that can be useful for clinical testing, remain unclear. Proteomics technology offers a powerful toolbox to accomplish these important goals of the glaucoma research and is increasingly being applied to identify molecular mechanisms and biomarkers of glaucoma. Recent studies of glaucoma using proteomics analysis techniques have resulted in the lists of differentially expressed proteins in human glaucoma and animal models. The global analysis of protein expression in glaucoma has been followed by cell-specific proteome analysis of retinal ganglion cells and astrocytes. The proteomics data have also guided targeted studies to identify post-translational modifications and protein-protein interactions during glaucomatous neurodegeneration. In addition, recent applications of proteomics have provided a number of potential biomarker candidates. Proteomics technology holds great promise to move glaucoma research forward toward new treatment strategies and biomarker discovery. By reviewing the major proteomics approaches and their applications in the field of glaucoma, this article highlights the power of proteomics in translational and clinical research related to glaucoma and also provides a framework for future research to functionally test the importance of specific molecular pathways and validate candidate biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gülgün Tezel
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|