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Zveik O, Rechtman A, Ganz T, Vaknin-Dembinsky A. The interplay of inflammation and remyelination: rethinking MS treatment with a focus on oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:53. [PMID: 38997755 PMCID: PMC11245841 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00742-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) therapeutic goals have traditionally been dichotomized into two distinct avenues: immune-modulatory-centric interventions and pro-regenerative strategies. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) were regarded for many years solely in concern to their potential to generate oligodendrocytes and myelin in the central nervous system (CNS). However, accumulating data elucidate the multifaceted roles of OPCs, including their immunomodulatory functions, positioning them as cardinal constituents of the CNS's immune landscape. MAIN BODY In this review, we will discuss how the two therapeutic approaches converge. We present a model by which (1) an inflammation is required for the appropriate pro-myelinating immune function of OPCs in the chronically inflamed CNS, and (2) the immune function of OPCs is crucial for their ability to differentiate and promote remyelination. This model highlights the reciprocal interactions between OPCs' pro-myelinating and immune-modulating functions. Additionally, we review the specific effects of anti- and pro-inflammatory interventions on OPCs, suggesting that immunosuppression adversely affects OPCs' differentiation and immune functions. CONCLUSION We suggest a multi-systemic therapeutic approach, which necessitates not a unidimensional focus but a harmonious balance between OPCs' pro-myelinating and immune-modulatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omri Zveik
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
- The Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein-Kerem P.O.B. 12000, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Ariel Rechtman
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
- The Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein-Kerem P.O.B. 12000, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Tal Ganz
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
- The Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein-Kerem P.O.B. 12000, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Adi Vaknin-Dembinsky
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
- The Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein-Kerem P.O.B. 12000, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
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Liu H, Dai H, Qiu F, Chen Y, Liang CL, Yang B, Gong N, Bromberg JS, Dai Z. Electrostimulation suppresses allograft rejection via promoting lymphatic regulatory T cell migration mediated by lymphotoxin (LT)-LTβ receptor signaling. Am J Transplant 2024:S1600-6135(24)00392-7. [PMID: 38992495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2024.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Conventional immunosuppressants that suppress allograft rejection cause various side-effects. Although regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for allograft survival, limited efficacy of Treg therapy demands improvement. Thus, it is imperative to seek new approaches to enhancing Treg suppression. Low-intensity electrostimulation (ES) has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects without causing major adverse reactions. However, it remains unknown whether and how ES regulates alloimmunity. Here we found that regional ES delayed murine skin allograft rejection and promoted long-term allograft survival induced by an mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin. ES also extended islet allograft survival. Mechanistically, ES enhanced expression of LTα on Tregs after transplantation. Blockade of lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR)-mediated non-classical NFκB signaling suppressed lymphatic Treg migration and largely reversed the effects of ES on allograft survival. Moreover, ES failed to extend allograft survival when recipients lacked LTα/lymph nodes or if transferred Tregs lacked LTα. Therefore, ES promoted the lymphatic migration of CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs by upregulating their surface expression of LTα. Finally, ES augmented expression of LTα on murine or human Tregs, but not conventional T cells, while promoting their calcium influx in vitro. This ES-mediated upregulation of LTα relied on calcium influx. Thus, our findings have unveiled novel mechanisms underlying ES-mediated immunoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhen Liu
- Section of Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Helong Dai
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Feifei Qiu
- Section of Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Yuchao Chen
- Section of Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Chun-Ling Liang
- Section of Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Life Sciences University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Nianqiao Gong
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Ministry of Education, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Jonathan S Bromberg
- Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Zhenhua Dai
- Section of Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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3
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Wang Y, Zhang X. The role of immune inflammation in electroconvulsive therapy for schizophrenia: Treatment mechanism, and relationship with clinical efficacy: Immune-inflammation in ECT for schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2024; 332:115708. [PMID: 38171169 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a devastating psychiatric disorder that has detrimental effects on a significant portion of the global population. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), as a safe and effective physical therapy for schizophrenia, has demonstrated the ability to rapidly improve both positive and negative symptoms. Despite being used to treat schizophrenia for over 80 years, the therapeutic mechanisms of ECT are still in the early stages of exploration. Evidence has suggested that immune inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia by interacting with neurotransmitters, neurodevelopment, and neurodegeneration. Given the importance of ECT as a fast-acting physical therapy for schizophrenia, gaining a deeper understanding of the role of immune inflammation may lead to developing innovative therapeutic approaches. This review summarized existing research that examined changes in peripheral inflammation following ECT in schizophrenia patients, and the effects of electroconvulsive stimulation (ECS) on neuroinflammation in animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangrong Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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4
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Chen Y, Liu H, Yan Y, Chen H, Ye S, Qiu F, Liang CL, Zhang Q, Zheng F, Han L, Lu C, Dai Z. Methotrexate and electrostimulation cooperate to alleviate the relapse of psoriasiform skin inflammation by suppressing memory T cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 219:115979. [PMID: 38081367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is an immunosuppressant used to treat autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis. However, like other immunosuppressants, MTX alone does not prevent their recurrence. Electrostimulation (ES) has been utilized to treat some inflammatory disorders without any major side-effect. But it remains unknown if ES alone, or together with MTX, ameliorates autoimmune disease relapse: a sticky medical problem. In particular, the mechanisms underlying ES action remain unclear. The objective of this study was to determine an impact of ES and/or MTX on psoriasis relapse and their potential cooperation. We found that regional ES, but not MTX, ameliorated psoriasiform skin inflammation recurrence. Interestingly, treatment with both MTX and ES further prevented psoriasis recurrence compared to ES alone. Moreover, ES downregulated potassium channel Kv1.3 on T-cells and reduced CD4+/CD8+ effector memory (TEM) and CD8+ skin-resident memory T (TRM) cells, while ES plus MTX further decreased CD8+ TEM/TRM cells compared to ES alone. However, ES failed to further attenuate psoriasis recurrence or suppress T cell memory in Kv1.3-deficient mice, whereas lack of Kv1.3 itself ameliorated psoriasis relapse by shrinking T cell memory pool. Importantly, ES moderately inhibited T-cell proliferation in vitro. ES also reduced human CD8+ TRM cells and attenuated human skin lesions in humanized mice grafted with lesional skin from patients with recurrent psoriasis, with an enhanced efficacy in mice treated with both ES and MTX. Thus, ES and MTX cooperated to prevent psoriasis relapse by reducing T-cell memory via targeting potassium channel Kv1.3. Our studies may be implicated for treating human psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Section of Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Huazhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Section of Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Yuhong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Section of Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Haiming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Section of Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Shuyan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Section of Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Feifei Qiu
- Section of Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Chun-Ling Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Section of Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Qunfang Zhang
- Section of Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Section of Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Ling Han
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Section of Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Chuanjian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Section of Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Zhenhua Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Section of Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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Belge JB, Mulders P, Van Diermen L, Sienaert P, Sabbe B, Abbott CC, Tendolkar I, Schrijvers D, van Eijndhoven P. Reviewing the neurobiology of electroconvulsive therapy on a micro- meso- and macro-level. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 127:110809. [PMID: 37331685 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains the one of the most effective of biological antidepressant interventions. However, the exact neurobiological mechanisms underlying the efficacy of ECT remain unclear. A gap in the literature is the lack of multimodal research that attempts to integrate findings at different biological levels of analysis METHODS: We searched the PubMed database for relevant studies. We review biological studies of ECT in depression on a micro- (molecular), meso- (structural) and macro- (network) level. RESULTS ECT impacts both peripheral and central inflammatory processes, triggers neuroplastic mechanisms and modulates large scale neural network connectivity. CONCLUSIONS Integrating this vast body of existing evidence, we are tempted to speculate that ECT may have neuroplastic effects resulting in the modulation of connectivity between and among specific large-scale networks that are altered in depression. These effects could be mediated by the immunomodulatory properties of the treatment. A better understanding of the complex interactions between the micro-, meso- and macro- level might further specify the mechanisms of action of ECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Belge
- Department of Psychiatry, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter Mulders
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Neuroscience, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Van Diermen
- Department of Psychiatry, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Psychiatric Center Bethanië, Andreas Vesaliuslaan 39, Zoersel 2980, Belgium
| | - Pascal Sienaert
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation (AcCENT), Leuvensesteenweg 517, Kortenberg 3010, Belgium
| | - Bernard Sabbe
- Department of Psychiatry, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Indira Tendolkar
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Neuroscience, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Didier Schrijvers
- Department of Psychiatry, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center Duffel, Stationstraat 22, Duffel 2570, Belgium
| | - Philip van Eijndhoven
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Neuroscience, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Ganz T, Zveik O, Fainstein N, Lachish M, Rechtman A, Sofer L, Brill L, Ben-Hur T, Vaknin-Dembinsky A. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells differentiation induction with MAPK/ERK inhibitor fails to support repair processes in the chronically demyelinated CNS. Glia 2023; 71:2815-2831. [PMID: 37610097 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Remyelination failure is considered a major obstacle in treating chronic-progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Studies have shown blockage in the differentiation of resident oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC) into myelin-forming cells, suggesting that pushing OPC into a differentiation program might be sufficient to overcome remyelination failure. Others stressed the need for a permissive environment to allow proper activation, migration, and differentiation of OPC. PD0325901, a MAPK/ERK inhibitor, was previously shown to induce OPC differentiation, non-specific immunosuppression, and a significant therapeutic effect in acute demyelinating MS models. We examined PD0325901 effects in the chronically inflamed central nervous system. Treatment with PD0325901 induced OPC differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes with high morphological complexity. However, treatment of Biozzi mice with chronic-progressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with PD0325901 showed no clinical improvement in comparison to the control group, no reduction in demyelination, nor induction of OPC migration into foci of demyelination. PD0325901 induced a direct general immunosuppressive effect on various cell populations, leading to a diminished phagocytic capability of microglia and less activation of lymph-node cells. It also significantly impaired the immune-modulatory functions of OPC. Our findings suggest OPC regenerative function depends on a permissive environment, which may include pro-regenerative inflammatory elements. Furthermore, they indicate that maintaining a delicate balance between the pro-myelinating and immune functions of OPC is of importance. Thus, the highly complex mission of creating a pro-regenerative environment depends upon an appropriate immune response controlled in time, place, and intensity. We suggest the need to employ a multi-systematic therapeutic approach, which cannot be achieved through a single molecule-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Ganz
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Omri Zveik
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nina Fainstein
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marva Lachish
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariel Rechtman
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lihi Sofer
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Livnat Brill
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamir Ben-Hur
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adi Vaknin-Dembinsky
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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7
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Belge JB, van Eijndhoven P, Mulders PCR. Mechanism of Action of ECT in Depression. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2023. [PMID: 37962811 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2023_450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains the most potent antidepressant treatment available for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). ECT is highly effective, achieving a response rate of 70-80% and a remission rate of 50-60% even in treatment-resistant patients. The underlying mechanisms of ECT are not fully understood, although several hypotheses have been proposed, including the monoamine hypothesis, anticonvulsive hypothesis, neuroplastic effects, and immunomodulatory properties. In this paper, we provide an overview of magnetic resonance imaging evidence that addresses the neuroplastic changes that occur after ECT at the human systems level and elaborate further on ECTs potent immunomodulatory properties. Despite a growing body of evidence that suggests ECT may normalize many of the structural and functional changes in the brain associated with severe depression, there is a lack of convergence between neurobiological changes and the robust clinical effects observed in depression. This may be due to sample sizes used in ECT studies being generally small and differences in data processing and analysis pipelines. Collaborations that acquire large datasets, such as the GEMRIC consortium, can help translate ECT's clinical efficacy into a better understanding of its mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Belge
- Department of Psychiatry, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Philip van Eijndhoven
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C R Mulders
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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8
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Nelson ED, Maynard KR, Nicholas KR, Tran MN, Divecha HR, Collado-Torres L, Hicks SC, Martinowich K. Activity-regulated gene expression across cell types of the mouse hippocampus. Hippocampus 2023; 33:1009-1027. [PMID: 37226416 PMCID: PMC11129873 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Activity-regulated gene (ARG) expression patterns in the hippocampus (HPC) regulate synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory, and are linked to both risk and treatment responses for many neuropsychiatric disorders. The HPC contains discrete classes of neurons with specialized functions, but cell type-specific activity-regulated transcriptional programs are not well characterized. Here, we used single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) in a mouse model of acute electroconvulsive seizures (ECS) to identify cell type-specific molecular signatures associated with induced activity in HPC neurons. We used unsupervised clustering and a priori marker genes to computationally annotate 15,990 high-quality HPC neuronal nuclei from N = 4 mice across all major HPC subregions and neuron types. Activity-induced transcriptomic responses were divergent across neuron populations, with dentate granule cells being particularly responsive to activity. Differential expression analysis identified both upregulated and downregulated cell type-specific gene sets in neurons following ECS. Within these gene sets, we identified enrichment of pathways associated with varying biological processes such as synapse organization, cellular signaling, and transcriptional regulation. Finally, we used matrix factorization to reveal continuous gene expression patterns differentially associated with cell type, ECS, and biological processes. This work provides a rich resource for interrogating activity-regulated transcriptional responses in HPC neurons at single-nuclei resolution in the context of ECS, which can provide biological insight into the roles of defined neuronal subtypes in HPC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik D. Nelson
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kristen R. Maynard
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kyndall R. Nicholas
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Matthew N Tran
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Heena R. Divecha
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Leonardo Collado-Torres
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Stephanie C. Hicks
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Keri Martinowich
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- The Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205
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9
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Breit S, Mazza E, Poletti S, Benedetti F. White matter integrity and pro-inflammatory cytokines as predictors of antidepressant response in MDD. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 159:22-32. [PMID: 36657311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a multifactorial, serious and heterogeneous mental disorder that can lead to chronic recurrent symptoms, treatment resistance and suicidal behavior. MDD often involves immune dysregulation with high peripheral levels of inflammatory cytokines that might have an influence on the clinical course and treatment response. Moreover, patients with MDD show brain volume changes as well as white matter (WM) alterations that are already existing in the early stage of illness. Mounting evidence suggests that both neuroimaging markers, such as WM integrity and blood markers, such as inflammatory cytokines might serve as predictors of treatment response in MDD. However, the relationship between peripheral inflammation, WM structure and antidepressant response is not yet clearly understood. The aim of the present review is to elucidate the association between inflammation and WM integrity and its impact on the pathophysiology and progression of MDD as well as the role of possible novel biomarkers of treatment response to improve MDD prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Breit
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Elena Mazza
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Poletti
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
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10
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Guo B, Zhang M, Hao W, Wang Y, Zhang T, Liu C. Neuroinflammation mechanisms of neuromodulation therapies for anxiety and depression. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:5. [PMID: 36624089 PMCID: PMC9829236 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02297-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mood disorders are associated with elevated inflammation, and the reduction of symptoms after multiple treatments is often accompanied by pro-inflammation restoration. A variety of neuromodulation techniques that regulate regional brain activities have been used to treat refractory mood disorders. However, their efficacy varies from person to person and lack reliable indicator. This review summarizes clinical and animal studies on inflammation in neural circuits related to anxiety and depression and the evidence that neuromodulation therapies regulate neuroinflammation in the treatment of neurological diseases. Neuromodulation therapies, including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial electrical stimulation (TES), electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), photobiomodulation (PBM), transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), all have been reported to attenuate neuroinflammation and reduce the release of pro-inflammatory factors, which may be one of the reasons for mood improvement. This review provides a better understanding of the effective mechanism of neuromodulation therapies and indicates that inflammatory biomarkers may serve as a reference for the assessment of pathological conditions and treatment options in anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqi Guo
- grid.413259.80000 0004 0632 3337Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053 China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- grid.413259.80000 0004 0632 3337Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053 China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Wensi Hao
- grid.413259.80000 0004 0632 3337Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053 China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Yuping Wang
- grid.413259.80000 0004 0632 3337Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053 China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053 China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XInstitute of sleep and consciousness disorders, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053, China.
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11
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Moore S, Amatya DN, Chu MM, Besterman AD. Catatonia in autism and other neurodevelopmental disabilities: a state-of-the-art review. NPJ MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 1:12. [PMID: 38609506 PMCID: PMC10955936 DOI: 10.1038/s44184-022-00012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Individuals with neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDDs) may be at increased risk for catatonia, which can be an especially challenging condition to diagnose and treat. There may be symptom overlap between catatonia and NDD-associated behaviors, such as stereotypies. The diagnosis of catatonia should perhaps be adjusted to address symptom overlap and to include extreme behaviors observed in patients with NDDs, such as severe self-injury. Risk factors for catatonia in individuals with NDDs may include trauma and certain genetic variants, such as those that disrupt SHANK3. Common etiologic features between neurodevelopmental disabilities and catatonia, such as excitatory/inhibitory imbalance and neuroimmune dysfunction, may partially account for comorbidity. New approaches leveraging genetic testing and neuroimmunologic evaluation may allow for more precise diagnoses and effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shavon Moore
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, USA
- Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Division of Behavioral Health Services, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Debha N Amatya
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, USA
- UCLA Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael M Chu
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, USA
- Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Division of Behavioral Health Services, San Diego, CA, USA
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Orange, CA, USA
- University of California Irvine, Department of Psychiatry, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Aaron D Besterman
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Division of Behavioral Health Services, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA.
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12
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Fu S, Chen H, Yang W, Xia X, Zhao S, Xu X, Ai P, Cai Q, Li X, Wang Y, Zhu J, Zhang B, Zheng JC. ROS-Targeted Depression Therapy via BSA-Incubated Ceria Nanoclusters. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4519-4527. [PMID: 35583518 PMCID: PMC9185743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most fatal mental diseases, and there is currently a lack of efficient drugs for the treatment of depression. Emerging evidence has indicated oxidative stress as a key pathological feature of depression. We targeted reactive oxygen species (ROS) and synthesized CeO2@BSA nanoclusters as a novel antidepression nanodrug via a convenient, green, and highly effective bovine serum albumin (BSA) incubation strategy. CeO2@BSA has ultrasmall size (2 nm) with outstanding ROS scavenging and blood-brain barrier crossing capacity, rapid metabolism, and negligible adverse effects in vitro and in vivo. CeO2@BSA administration alleviates depressive behaviors and depression-related pathological changes of the chronic restraint stress-induced depressive model, suggesting promising therapeutic effects of CeO2@BSA for the treatment of depression. Our study proved the validity by directly using nanodrugs as antidepression drugs instead of using them as a nanocarrier, which greatly expands the application of nanomaterials in depression treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyang Fu
- Center
for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School
of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Huili Chen
- Center
for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School
of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Weitao Yang
- The
Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai 200120, China
- The
Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, School of
Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai
Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200331, China
| | - Xiaohuan Xia
- Center
for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School
of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
- Shanghai
Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200331, China
- Translational
Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital affiliated
to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Shu Zhao
- Center
for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School
of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Xiaonan Xu
- Center
for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School
of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Pu Ai
- Center
for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School
of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
- Wuxi
Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Qingyuan Cai
- Center
for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School
of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
- Franklin
& Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17603, United States
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Center
for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School
of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Center
for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital affiliated to Tongji
University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Center
for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital affiliated
to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Bingbo Zhang
- The
Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai 200120, China
- The
Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, School of
Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai
Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200331, China
| | - Jialin C. Zheng
- Center
for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School
of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
- The
Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, School of
Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai
Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200331, China
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13
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Kunugi H, Tikhonova M. Recent advances in understanding depressive disorder: Possible relevance to brain stimulation therapies. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2022; 270:123-147. [PMID: 35396024 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has provided novel insights into the major depressive disorder (MDD) and identified certain biomarkers of this disease. There are four main mechanisms playing a key role in the related pathophysiology, namely (1) monoamine systems dysfunction, (2) stress response, (3) neuroinflammation, and (4) neurotrophic factors alteration. Robust evidence on the decreased homovanillic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with MDD supports a rationale for therapeutic stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle activating the dopamine reward system. Both activation and suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in MDD and related conditions indicate usefulness of its evaluation for the disease subtyping. Elevated proinflammatory cytokines (specifically, interleukin-6) in CSF imply the role of neuroinflammation resulting in activation of the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway. Finally, neuroplasticity and trophic effects of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may be related to both structural abnormalities of the brain in MDD and the underlying mechanisms of various therapies. In addition, the gut-brain interaction is pivotal, since lack of beneficial microbes confer the risk of MDD through negative effects on the dopamine system, HPA axis, and vagal nerve. All these factors may be highly relevant to treatment of MDD with contemporary brain stimulation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Maria Tikhonova
- Laboratory of the Experimental Models of Neurodegenerative Processes, Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM), Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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14
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Liu D, Lv F, Min S, Yang Y, Chen L. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation alleviates electroconvulsive shock-induced memory impairment via regulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity in depressive rats. Behav Brain Res 2022; 428:113879. [PMID: 35390431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Electroconvulsive shock has been considered one of the most effective treatment modalities for major depressive disorder. The association of acute transitory neuroinflammation in the hippocampus following electroconvulsive therapy with transient learning and memory impairment limits its clinical application. Whereas the NLRP3 inflammatory pathway is deemed to serve a key role in neuroinflammatory regulation, we aimed to examine if NLRP3 inflammasome activation was linked to electroconvulsive shock (ECS)-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits. The depressed rats were modeled with chronic unpredictable mild stress. Their depression-like behaviors and cognitive performance were evaluated via sucrose preference test, forced swim test, open field test, and Morris water maze test. The NLRP3 expression was determined by western blot. The hippocampal CA1 region was immunohistochemically and electron-microscopically examined, respectively, for the activation of Iba-1 positive microglia and the ultrastructure of synapses. In this work, we found that ECS induced microglial activation in the rat hippocampal CA1 region. Pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome with MCC950 (NLRP3 inhibitor) in vivo significantly alleviated ECS-induced spatial learning and memory impairment, partially reversed neuroinflammation, and synaptic structural plasticity in the damaged hippocampal CA1 region, and reduced synapse associated protein expression and microglial activation. It offers a potential new approach for the prevention and treatment of cognitive decline following electroconvulsive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Su Min
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - You Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lihao Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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15
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Failure of Alzheimer’s Mice Brain Resident Neural Precursor Cells in Supporting Microglia-Mediated Amyloid β Clearance. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050876. [PMID: 35269501 PMCID: PMC8909275 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The failure of brain microglia to clear excess amyloid β (Aβ) is considered a leading cause of the progression of Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Resident brain neural precursor cells (NPCs) possess immune-modulatory and neuro-protective properties, which are thought to maintain brain homeostasis. We have recently showed that resident mouse brain NPCs exhibit an acquired decline in their trophic properties in the Alzheimer’s disease brain environment. Therefore, we hypothesized that functional NPCs may support microglial phagocytic activity, and that NPCs derived from the adult AD mouse brain may fail to support the clearance of Aβ by microglia. We first identified in the AD brain, in vivo and ex vivo, a subpopulation of microglia that express high Aβ phagocytic activity. Time-lapse microscopy showed that co-culturing newborn NPCs with microglia induced a significant increase in the fraction of microglia with high Aβ phagocytic activity. Freshly isolated NPCs from adult wild type, but not AD, mouse brain, induced an increase in the fraction of microglia with high Aβ phagocytic activity. Finally, we showed that NPCs also possess the ability to promote Aβ degradation within the microglia with high Aβ phagocytic activity. Thus, resident brain NPCs support microglial function to clear Aβ, but NPCs derived from the AD environment fail to do so. We suggest that the failure of AD brain NPCs to support Aβ clearance from the brain by microglia may accelerate disease pathology.
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16
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Rimmerman N, Verdiger H, Goldenberg H, Naggan L, Robinson E, Kozela E, Gelb S, Reshef R, Ryan KM, Ayoun L, Refaeli R, Ashkenazi E, Schottlender N, Ben Hemo-Cohen L, Pienica C, Aharonian M, Dinur E, Lazar K, McLoughlin DM, Zvi AB, Yirmiya R. Microglia and their LAG3 checkpoint underlie the antidepressant and neurogenesis-enhancing effects of electroconvulsive stimulation. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1120-1135. [PMID: 34650207 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite evidence implicating microglia in the etiology and pathophysiology of major depression, there is paucity of information regarding the contribution of microglia-dependent molecular pathways to antidepressant procedures. In this study, we investigated the role of microglia in a mouse model of depression (chronic unpredictable stress-CUS) and its reversal by electroconvulsive stimulation (ECS), by examining the effects of microglia depletion with the colony stimulating factor-1 antagonist PLX5622. Microglia depletion did not change basal behavioral measures or the responsiveness to CUS, but it completely abrogated the therapeutic effects of ECS on depressive-like behavior and neurogenesis impairment. Treatment with the microglia inhibitor minocycline concurrently with ECS also diminished the antidepressant and pro-neurogenesis effects of ECS. Hippocampal RNA-Seq analysis revealed that ECS significantly increased the expression of genes related to neurogenesis and dopamine signaling, while reducing the expression of several immune checkpoint genes, particularly lymphocyte-activating gene-3 (Lag3), which was the only microglial transcript significantly altered by ECS. None of these molecular changes occurred in microglia-depleted mice. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that ECS reversed the CUS-induced changes in microglial morphology and elevation in microglial LAG3 receptor expression. Consistently, either acute or chronic systemic administration of a LAG3 monoclonal antibody, which readily penetrated into the brain parenchyma and was found to serve as a direct checkpoint blocker in BV2 microglia cultures, rapidly rescued the CUS-induced microglial alterations, depressive-like symptoms, and neurogenesis impairment. These findings suggest that brain microglial LAG3 represents a promising target for novel antidepressant therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta Rimmerman
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hodaya Verdiger
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagar Goldenberg
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lior Naggan
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elad Robinson
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ewa Kozela
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sivan Gelb
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ronen Reshef
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Karen M Ryan
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St. Patrick's University Hospital, James Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lily Ayoun
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ron Refaeli
- Edmond & Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Einat Ashkenazi
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nofar Schottlender
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Claudia Pienica
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maayan Aharonian
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eyal Dinur
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Koby Lazar
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Declan M McLoughlin
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St. Patrick's University Hospital, James Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ayal Ben Zvi
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Raz Yirmiya
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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17
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Ganz T, Fainstein N, Elad A, Lachish M, Goldfarb S, Einstein O, Ben-Hur T. Microbial pathogens induce neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease mice: protection by microglial regulation. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:5. [PMID: 34991645 PMCID: PMC8740456 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02369-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegeneration is considered the consequence of misfolded proteins' deposition. Little is known about external environmental effects on the neurodegenerative process. Infectious agent-derived pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) activate microglia, key players in neurodegenerative diseases. We hypothesized that systemic microbial pathogens may accelerate neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and that microglia play a central role in this process. METHODS We examined the effect of an infectious environment and of microbial Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists on cortical neuronal loss and on microglial phenotype in wild type versus 5xFAD transgenic mice, carrying mutated genes associated with familial AD. RESULTS We examined the effect of a naturally bred environment on the neurodegenerative process. Earlier and accelerated cortical neuron loss occurred in 5xFAD mice housed in a natural ("dirty") environment than in a specific-pathogen-free (SPF) environment, without increasing the burden of Amyloid deposits and microgliosis. Neuronal loss occurred in a microglia-rich cortical region but not in microglia-poor CA regions of the hippocampus. Environmental exposure had no effect on cortical neuron density in wild-type mice. To model the neurodegenerative process caused by the natural infectious environment, we injected systemically the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a TLR4 agonist PAMP. LPS caused cortical neuronal death in 5xFAD, but not wt mice. We used the selective retinoic acid receptor α agonist Am580 to regulate microglial activation. In primary microglia isolated from 5xFAD mice, Am580 markedly attenuated TLR agonists-induced iNOS expression, without canceling their basic immune response. Intracerebroventricular delivery of Am580 in 5xFAD mice reduced significantly the fraction of (neurotoxic) iNOS + microglia and increased the fraction of (neuroprotective) TREM2 + microglia. Furthermore, intracerebroventricular delivery of Am580 prevented neurodegeneration induced by microbial TLR agonists. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to systemic infections causes neurodegeneration in brain regions displaying amyloid pathology and high local microglia density. AD brains exhibit increased susceptibility to microbial PAMPs' neurotoxicity, which accelerates neuronal death. Microglial modulation protects the brain from microbial TLR agonist PAMP-induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Ganz
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nina Fainstein
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amit Elad
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marva Lachish
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Smadar Goldfarb
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofira Einstein
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Tamir Ben-Hur
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
- The Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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18
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Niraula A. Using electroconvulsive treatment to quiet the mind (and Microglia). Brain Behav Immun 2021; 97:11-12. [PMID: 34364964 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anzela Niraula
- University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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19
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Gammon D, Cheng C, Volkovinskaia A, Baker GB, Dursun SM. Clozapine: Why Is It So Uniquely Effective in the Treatment of a Range of Neuropsychiatric Disorders? Biomolecules 2021; 11:1030. [PMID: 34356654 PMCID: PMC8301879 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clozapine is superior to other antipsychotics as a therapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder with increased risk of suicidal behavior. This drug has also been used in the off-label treatment of bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Although usually reserved for severe and treatment-refractory cases, it is interesting that electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has also been used in the treatment of these psychiatric disorders, suggesting some common or related mechanisms. A literature review on the applications of clozapine and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) to the disorders mentioned above was undertaken, and this narrative review was prepared. Although both treatments have multiple actions, evidence to date suggests that the ability to elicit epileptiform activity and alter EEG activity, to increase neuroplasticity and elevate brain levels of neurotrophic factors, to affect imbalances in the relationship between glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and to reduce inflammation through effects on neuron-glia interactions are common underlying mechanisms of these two treatments. This evidence may explain why clozapine is effective in a range of neuropsychiatric disorders. Future increased investigations into epigenetic and connectomic changes produced by clozapine and ECT should provide valuable information about these two treatments and the disorders they are used to treat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara Gammon
- Saba University School of Medicine, Saba, The Netherlands; (D.G.); (A.V.)
| | - Catherine Cheng
- Neurochemical Research Unit and Bebensee Schizophrenia Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada; (C.C.); (G.B.B.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Anna Volkovinskaia
- Saba University School of Medicine, Saba, The Netherlands; (D.G.); (A.V.)
| | - Glen B. Baker
- Neurochemical Research Unit and Bebensee Schizophrenia Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada; (C.C.); (G.B.B.)
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Serdar M. Dursun
- Neurochemical Research Unit and Bebensee Schizophrenia Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada; (C.C.); (G.B.B.)
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
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Xiao T, Wan J, Qu H, Li Y. Tripartite-motif protein 21 knockdown extenuates LPS-triggered neurotoxicity by inhibiting microglial M1 polarization via suppressing NF-κB-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 706:108918. [PMID: 33992596 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tripartite motif-containing 21 (TRIM21) has been confirmed to mediate the production of inflammatory mediators via NF-κB signaling. However, the function of TRIM21 in microglia-mediated neuroinflammation remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the effect of TRIM21 on LPS-activated BV2 microglia and its underlying mechanism. BV2 cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used to simulated neuroinflammation in vitro. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function of TRIM21 in BV2 cells were used to assess the effect of TRIM21 on LPS-induced neuroinflammation. BV2 microglia and HT22 cells co-culture system were used to investigate whether TRIM21 regulated neuronal inflammation-mediated neuronal death. TRIM21 knockdown triggered the polarization of BV2 cells from M1 to M2 phenotype. Knockdown of TRIM21 reduced the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, while increased the content of IL-4 in LPS-treated cells. Knockdown of TRIM21 inhibited the expression of p65 and the binding activity of NF-κB-DNA. Additionally, TRIM21 siRNA eliminated the increase in NLRP3 and cleaved caspase-1 proteins expression and caspase-1 activity induced by LPS. TRIM21 knockdown could resist cytotoxicity induced by activated microglia, including increasing the viability of co-cultured HT22 cells and reducing the emancipation of LDH. Moreover, the increased apoptosis and caspase-3 activity of HT22 neurons induced by activated BV2 cells were blocked by TRIM21 siRNA. Blocking of NF-κB abolished the effect of TRIM21 in promoting the expression of M1 phenotype marker genes. Similarly, the blockade of NF-κB pathway eliminated the promotion of TRIM21 on neurotoxicity induced by neuroinflammation. TRIM21 knockdown suppressed the M1 phenotype polarization of microglia and neuroinflammation-mediated neuronal damage via NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, which suggested that TRIM21 might be a potential therapeutic target for the therapy of central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Of University Of South China, Hunan Province, China
| | - Juan Wan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital Of University Of South China, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Hongtao Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Of University Of South China, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Of University Of South China, Hunan Province, China
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