1
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Kaipa BR, Kasetti R, Li L, Millar JC, Cho W, Skowronska-Krawczyk D, Maddineni P, Sundaresan Y, Zode GS. Ocular hypertension impairs axonal transport in the optic nerve head leading to neurodegeneration in a novel Cre-inducible mouse model of myocilin glaucoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.18.613712. [PMID: 39345520 PMCID: PMC11429981 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.18.613712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Background Degeneration of optic nerve (ON) axons and loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the pathological hallmarks of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG). Elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) due to dysfunction of trabecular meshwork (TM) is known to induce neurodegeneration. However, the early pathological events of glaucomatous neurodegeneration are poorly understood due to lack of robust and faithful mouse model that replicates all features of human POAG. Here, we report the generation and characterization of a novel Cre-inducible transgenic mouse model of myocilin (MYOC), the leading known genetic cause of POAG. Using this model, we further explore early pathological events of glaucomatous neurodegeneration due to chronic IOP elevation. Methods We generated a Cre-inducible transgenic mouse model expressing DsRed-tagged Y437H mutant of human myocilin ( Tg.CreMYOC Y437H ). A single intravitreal injection of helper adenovirus (HAd) 5 expressing empty cassette or Cre was performed in adult Tg.CreMYOC Y437H mice, and glaucoma phenotypes including IOP, outflow facility, structural and functional loss of RGCs, ON degeneration, gliosis, and axonal transport deficits were examined at various stages of IOP elevation. Results An intravitreal injection of HAd5-Cre led to selective MYOC expression in the TM at the level similar to endogenous Myoc . Expression of mutant MYOC induced biochemical and ultrastructural changes in TM leading to reduced outflow facility and significant IOP elevation. Notably, sustained IOP elevation led to significant functional and structural loss of RGCs and progressive ON degeneration. Glaucomatous neurodegeneration was associated with activation of astrocytes and neurodegenerative changes in the optic nerve head (ONH) region. Remarkably, chronic IOP elevation blocked anterograde axonal transport at the ONH prior to axonal degeneration and RGC loss. Interestingly, impaired axonal transport was associated with loss of cytoskeleton proteins including microtubules and neurofilaments resulting into accumulation of mitochondria in the ONH and neuronal dysfunction. Conclusions Our studies indicate that Cre-inducible Tg.CreMYOC Y437H mice recapitulates all glaucoma phenotypes observed in POAG patients. Importantly, sustained IOP elevation impairs axonal transport at ONH leading to glaucomatous neurodegeneration.
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Yan X, Wu S, Liu Q, Teng Y, Wang N, Zhang J. The S341P mutant MYOC renders the trabecular meshwork sensitive to cyclic mechanical stretch. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37137. [PMID: 39286096 PMCID: PMC11402775 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The trabecular meshwork (TM) plays an essential role in the circulation of aqueous humor by sensing mechanical stretch. The balance between the outflow and inflow of aqueous humor is critical in regulating intraocular pressure (IOP). A dysfunctional TM leads to resistance to the outflow of aqueous humor, resulting in an elevated IOP, a major risk factor for glaucoma. It is widely accepted that mutant myocilin (MYOC) can cause damage to the TM. However, few studies have investigated how TM cells carrying mutant MYOC respond to cyclic mechanical stretch (CMS) and whether these cells are more sensitive to CMS under this genetic background. In this study, we applied mechanical stretch to TM cells using the Flexcell system to mimic physiological stress. In addition, we performed genome-wide transcriptome analysis and oxidized lipidomics to systematically compare the gene expression and oxylipin profiles of non-stretched control human primary TM cells, human primary TM cells under CMS (TM-CMS), and human primary TM cells overexpressing MYOCS341P under CMS (S341P-CMS). We found that TM cells that overexpressed MYOCS341P were more sensitive to mechanical stress. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that downregulated genes were most enriched in oxidative phosphorylation, indicating mitochondria dysfunction and the likelihood of oxidative stress. Oxidized lipidomics analysis revealed significant changes in oxylipin profiles between the S341P-CMS and TM-CMS groups. Through further genome-wide transcriptomic analysis, we identified several genes that may be involved in the sensitivity of TM cells that overexpressed MYOCS341P to mechanical stress, including SARM1, AHNAK2, NT5C, and SOX8. The importance of these genes was validated by quantitative real-time PCR. Collectively, our findings indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to the damage that occurs to TM cells with a MYOCS341P background under mechanical stretch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Yan
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Shen Wu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yufei Teng
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jingxue Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
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3
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Zhang X, Xi G, Feng P, Li C, Kuehn MH, Zhu W. Intraocular pressure across the lifespan of Tg-MYOC Y437H mice. Exp Eye Res 2024; 241:109855. [PMID: 38453040 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Transgenic C57BL/6 mice expressing human myocilinY437 (Tg-MYOCY437H) are a well-established model for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). While the reduced trabecular meshwork (TM) cellularity due to severe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been characterized as the etiology of this model, there is a limited understanding of how glaucomatous phenotypes evolve over the lifespan of Tg-MyocY437H mice. In this study, we compiled the model's intraocular pressure (IOP) data recorded in our laboratory from 2017 to 2023 and selected representative eyes to measure the outflow facility (Cr), a critical parameter indicating the condition of the conventional TM pathway. We found that Tg-MYOCY437H mice aged 4-12 months exhibited significantly higher IOPs than age-matched C57BL/6 mice. Notably, a decline in IOP was observed in Tg-MYOCY437H mice at 17-24 months of age, a phenomenon not attributable to the gene dosage of mutant myocilin. Measurements of the Cr of Tg-MYOCY437H mice indicated that the age-related IOP reduction was not a result of ongoing TM damage. Instead, Hematoxylin and Eosin staining, immunohistochemistry analysis, and transmission electron microscopic examination revealed that this reduction might be induced by degenerations of the non-pigmented epithelium in the ciliary body of aged Tg-MYOCY437H mice. Overall, our findings provide a comprehensive profile of mutant myocilin-induced ocular changes over the Tg-MYOCY437H mouse lifespan and suggest a specific temporal window of elevated IOP that may be ideal for experimental purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Gaiping Xi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Pengchao Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Markus H Kuehn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA; Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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4
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Patil SV, Kaipa BR, Ranshing S, Sundaresan Y, Millar JC, Nagarajan B, Kiehlbauch C, Zhang Q, Jain A, Searby CC, Scheetz TE, Clark AF, Sheffield VC, Zode GS. Lentiviral mediated delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 reduces intraocular pressure in a mouse model of myocilin glaucoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6958. [PMID: 38521856 PMCID: PMC10960846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57286-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in myocilin (MYOC) are the leading known genetic cause of primary open-angle glaucoma, responsible for about 4% of all cases. Mutations in MYOC cause a gain-of-function phenotype in which mutant myocilin accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leading to ER stress and trabecular meshwork (TM) cell death. Therefore, knocking out myocilin at the genome level is an ideal strategy to permanently cure the disease. We have previously utilized CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing successfully to target MYOC using adenovirus 5 (Ad5). However, Ad5 is not a suitable vector for clinical use. Here, we sought to determine the efficacy of adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) and lentiviruses (LVs) to target the TM. First, we examined the TM tropism of single-stranded (ss) and self-complimentary (sc) AAV serotypes as well as LV expressing GFP via intravitreal (IVT) and intracameral (IC) injections. We observed that LV_GFP expression was more specific to the TM injected via the IVT route. IC injections of Trp-mutant scAAV2 showed a prominent expression of GFP in the TM. However, robust GFP expression was also observed in the ciliary body and retina. We next constructed lentiviral particles expressing Cas9 and guide RNA (gRNA) targeting MYOC (crMYOC) and transduction of TM cells stably expressing mutant myocilin with LV_crMYOC significantly reduced myocilin accumulation and its associated chronic ER stress. A single IVT injection of LV_crMYOC in Tg-MYOCY437H mice decreased myocilin accumulation in TM and reduced elevated IOP significantly. Together, our data indicates, LV_crMYOC targets MYOC gene editing in TM and rescues a mouse model of myocilin-associated glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti V Patil
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Balasankara Reddy Kaipa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Center for Translational Vision Research, University of California, 829 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Sujata Ranshing
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Yogapriya Sundaresan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Center for Translational Vision Research, University of California, 829 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - J Cameron Millar
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Bhavani Nagarajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Charles Kiehlbauch
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Qihong Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Ankur Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Charles C Searby
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Todd E Scheetz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Abbot F Clark
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Val C Sheffield
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Gulab S Zode
- Department of Ophthalmology and Center for Translational Vision Research, University of California, 829 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA.
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5
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Yan X, Wu S, Liu Q, Cheng Y, Teng Y, Ren T, Zhang J, Wang N. Serine to proline mutation at position 341 of MYOC impairs trabecular meshwork function by causing autophagy deregulation. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:21. [PMID: 38212635 PMCID: PMC10784477 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01801-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a highly heritable disease, and myocilin was the first identified causal and most common pathogenic gene in glaucoma. Serine-to-proline mutation at position 341 of myocilin (MYOCS341P) is associated with severe glaucoma phenotypes in a five-generation primary open-angle glaucoma family. However, the underlying mechanisms are underexplored. Herein, we established the MYOCS341P transgenic mouse model and characterized the glaucoma phenotypes. Further, we systematically explored the functional differences between wild-type and MYOCS341P through immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, and RNA-seq analyses. We found that MYOCS341P transgenic mice exhibit glaucoma phenotypes, characterized by reduced aqueous humor outflow, elevated intraocular pressure, decreased trabecular meshwork (TM) cell number, narrowed Schlemm's canal, retinal ganglion cell loss, and visual impairment. Mechanistically, the secretion of dysfunctional MYOCS341P accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), inducing ER stress and dysregulation of autophagy, thereby promoting TM cell death. We describe an effective transgenic model for mechanistic studies and the screening of therapeutic targets. Our data generated from high-throughput analyses help elucidate the mechanism underlying mutant MYOC-related glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Yan
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Shen Wu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yufei Teng
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Tianmin Ren
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jingxue Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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6
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Patil SV, Kaipa BR, Ranshing S, Sundaresan Y, Millar JC, Nagarajan B, Kiehlbauch C, Zhang Q, Jain A, Searby CC, Scheetz TE, Clark AF, Sheffield VC, Zode GS. Lentiviral mediated delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 reduces intraocular pressure in a mouse model of myocilin glaucoma. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3740880. [PMID: 38196579 PMCID: PMC10775399 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3740880/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in myocilin (MYOC) are the leading known genetic cause of primary open-angle glaucoma, responsible for about 4% of all cases. Mutations in MYOC cause a gain-of-function phenotype in which mutant myocilin accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leading to ER stress and trabecular meshwork (TM) cell death. Therefore, knocking out myocilin at the genome level is an ideal strategy to permanently cure the disease. We have previously utilized CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing successfully to target MYOC using adenovirus 5 (Ad5). However, Ad5 is not a suitable vector for clinical use. Here, we sought to determine the efficacy of adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) and lentiviruses (LVs) to target the TM. First, we examined the TM tropism of single-stranded (ss) and self-complimentary (sc) AAV serotypes as well as LV expressing GFP via intravitreal (IVT) and intracameral (IC) injections. We observed that LV_GFP expression was more specific to the TM injected via the IVT route. IC injections of Trp-mutant scAAV2 showed a prominent expression of GFP in the TM. However, robust GFP expression was also observed in the ciliary body and retina. We next constructed lentiviral particles expressing Cas9 and guide RNA (gRNA) targeting MYOC (crMYOC) and transduction of TM cells stably expressing mutant myocilin with LV_crMYOC significantly reduced myocilin accumulation and its associated chronic ER stress. A single IVT injection of LV_crMYOC in Tg-MYOCY437H mice decreased myocilin accumulation in TM and reduced elevated IOP significantly. Together, our data indicates, LV_crMYOC targets MYOC gene editing in TM and rescues a mouse model of myocilin-associated glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti V Patil
- University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth
| | | | - Sujata Ranshing
- University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Abbot F Clark
- University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth
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7
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Sundaresan Y, Yacoub S, Kodati B, Amankwa CE, Raola A, Zode G. Therapeutic applications of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology for the treatment of ocular diseases. FEBS J 2023; 290:5248-5269. [PMID: 36877952 PMCID: PMC10480348 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Ocular diseases are a highly heterogeneous group of phenotypes, caused by a spectrum of genetic variants and environmental factors that exhibit diverse clinical symptoms. As a result of its anatomical location, structure and immune privilege, the eye is an ideal system to assess and validate novel genetic therapies. Advances in genome editing have revolutionized the field of biomedical science, enabling researchers to understand the biology behind disease mechanisms and allow the treatment of several health conditions, including ocular pathologies. The advent of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based gene editing facilitates efficient and specific genetic modifications in the nucleic acid sequence, resulting in permanent changes at the genomic level. This approach has advantages over other treatment strategies and is promising for the treatment of various genetic and non-genetic ocular conditions. This review provides an overview of the CRISPR/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system and summarizes recent advances in the therapeutic application of CRISPR/Cas9 for the treatment of various ocular pathologies, as well as future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bindu Kodati
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107
| | - Charles E. Amankwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107
| | - Akash Raola
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107
| | - Gulab Zode
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107
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8
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Chen X, Shi C, He M, Xiong S, Xia X. Endoplasmic reticulum stress: molecular mechanism and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:352. [PMID: 37709773 PMCID: PMC10502142 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01570-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functions as a quality-control organelle for protein homeostasis, or "proteostasis". The protein quality control systems involve ER-associated degradation, protein chaperons, and autophagy. ER stress is activated when proteostasis is broken with an accumulation of misfolded and unfolded proteins in the ER. ER stress activates an adaptive unfolded protein response to restore proteostasis by initiating protein kinase R-like ER kinase, activating transcription factor 6, and inositol requiring enzyme 1. ER stress is multifaceted, and acts on aspects at the epigenetic level, including transcription and protein processing. Accumulated data indicates its key role in protein homeostasis and other diverse functions involved in various ocular diseases, such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, achromatopsia, cataracts, ocular tumors, ocular surface diseases, and myopia. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying the aforementioned ocular diseases from an ER stress perspective. Drugs (chemicals, neurotrophic factors, and nanoparticles), gene therapy, and stem cell therapy are used to treat ocular diseases by alleviating ER stress. We delineate the advancement of therapy targeting ER stress to provide new treatment strategies for ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyi Chen
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chaoran Shi
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Meihui He
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Siqi Xiong
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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9
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Dixon A, Shim MS, Nettesheim A, Coyne A, Su CC, Gong H, Liton PB. Autophagy deficiency protects against ocular hypertension and neurodegeneration in experimental and spontanous glaucoma mouse models. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:554. [PMID: 37620383 PMCID: PMC10449899 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06086-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a group of diseases that leads to chronic degeneration of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons and progressive loss of RGCs, resulting in vision loss. While aging and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) have been identified as the main contributing factors to glaucoma, the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways triggering RGC death and axonal degeneration are not fully understood. Previous studies in our laboratory found that overactivation of autophagy in DBA/2J::GFP-LC3 mice led to RGC death and optic nerve degeneration with glaucomatous IOP elevation. We found similar findings in aging GFP-LC3 mice subjected to chronic IOP elevation. Here, we further investigated the impact of autophagy deficiency on autophagy-deficient DBA/2J-Atg4bko and DBA/2J-Atg4b+/- mice, generated in our laboratory via CRISPR/Cas9 technology; as well as in Atg4bko mice subjected to the experimental TGFβ2 chronic ocular hypertensive model. Our data shows that, in contrast to DBA/2J and DBA/2J-Atg4b+/- littermates, DBA/2J-Atg4bko mice do not develop glaucomatous IOP elevation. Atg4b deficiency also protected against glaucomatous IOP elevation in the experimental TGFβ2 chronic ocular hypertensive model. Atg4 deletion did not compromise RGC or optic nerve survival in Atg4bko mice. Moreover, our results indicate a protective role of autophagy deficiency against RGC death and ON atrophy in the hypertensive DBA/2J-Atg4b+/- mice. Together, our data suggests a pathogenic role of autophagy activation in ocular hypertension and glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Dixon
- Department of Ophthalmology & Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Myoung Sup Shim
- Department of Ophthalmology & Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - April Nettesheim
- Department of Ophthalmology & Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Aislyn Coyne
- Department of Ophthalmology & Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Chien-Chia Su
- Department of Ophthalmology & Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Haiyan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Paloma B Liton
- Department of Ophthalmology & Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.
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10
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Choi EH, Suh S, Sears AE, Hołubowicz R, Kedhar SR, Browne AW, Palczewski K. Genome editing in the treatment of ocular diseases. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1678-1690. [PMID: 37524870 PMCID: PMC10474087 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-editing technologies have ushered in a new era in gene therapy, providing novel therapeutic strategies for a wide range of diseases, including both genetic and nongenetic ocular diseases. These technologies offer new hope for patients suffering from previously untreatable conditions. The unique anatomical and physiological features of the eye, including its immune-privileged status, size, and compartmentalized structure, provide an optimal environment for the application of these cutting-edge technologies. Moreover, the development of various delivery methods has facilitated the efficient and targeted administration of genome engineering tools designed to correct specific ocular tissues. Additionally, advancements in noninvasive ocular imaging techniques and electroretinography have enabled real-time monitoring of therapeutic efficacy and safety. Herein, we discuss the discovery and development of genome-editing technologies, their application to ocular diseases from the anterior segment to the posterior segment, current limitations encountered in translating these technologies into clinical practice, and ongoing research endeavors aimed at overcoming these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot H Choi
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Susie Suh
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Avery E Sears
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rafał Hołubowicz
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sanjay R Kedhar
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Andrew W Browne
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Krzysztof Palczewski
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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11
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Peng H, Han W, Ma B, Dai S, Long J, Zhou S, Li H, Chen B. Autophagy and senescence of rat retinal precursor cells under high glucose. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 13:1047642. [PMID: 36686430 PMCID: PMC9846177 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1047642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common diabetic ocular disease characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) changes. An abnormal environment, hyperglycemia, may progressively alter the structure and function of RGCs, which is a primary pathological feature of retinal neurodegeneration in DR. Accumulated studies confirmed autophagy and senescence play a vital role in DR; however, the underlying mechanisms need to be clarified. Methods This study included the microarray expression profiling dataset GSE60436 from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to conduct the bioinformatics analysis. The R software was used to identify autophagy-related genes (ARGs) that were differentially expressed in fibrovascular membranes (FVMs) and normal retinas. Co-expression and tissue-specific expression were elicited for the filtered genes. The genes were then analyzed by ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). R28 cells were cultured with high glucose, detected by reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-qPCR) and stained by apoptosis kit. Results In the retina, 31 differentially expressed ARGs (24 up-regulated genes) were discovered and enriched. The enrichment results revealed that differentially expressed ARGs were significantly enriched in autophagy, apoptosis, aging, and neural function. Four hub genes (i.e., TP53, CASP1, CCL2, and CASP1) were significantly up-regulated. Upregulation of cellular autophagy and apoptosis level was detected in the hyperglycemia model in vitro. Conclusions Our results provide evidence for the autophagy and cellular senescence mechanisms involved in retinal hyperglycemia injury, and the protective function of autophagy is limited. Further study may favour understanding the disease progression and neuroprotection of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanhan Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Centre of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Wentao Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Centre of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Benteng Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Centre of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Shirui Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Centre of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Jianfeng Long
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Centre of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Shu Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Centre of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Haoyu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Centre of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Baihua Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Centre of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, China
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12
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Li M, Gao ZL, Zhang QP, Luo AX, Xu WY, Duan TQ, Wen XP, Zhang RQ, Zeng R, Huang JF. Autophagy in glaucoma pathogenesis: Therapeutic potential and future perspectives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1068213. [PMID: 36589756 PMCID: PMC9795220 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1068213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a common blinding eye disease characterized by progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons, progressive loss of visual field, and optic nerve atrophy. Autophagy plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of glaucoma and is closely related to its pathogenesis. Targeting autophagy and blocking the apoptosis of RGCs provides emerging guidance for the treatment of glaucoma. Here, we provide a systematic review of the mechanisms and targets of interventions related to autophagy in glaucoma and discuss the outlook of emerging ideas, techniques, and multidisciplinary combinations to provide a new basis for further research and the prevention of glaucomatous visual impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao-Lin Gao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quan-Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China,Anatomy Laboratory, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Ai-Xiang Luo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei-Ye Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tian-Qi Duan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xu-Peng Wen
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ru-Qi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ru Zeng
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ju-Fang Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Ju-Fang Huang,
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13
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Roodnat AW, Callaghan B, Doyle C, Henry M, Goljanek-Whysall K, Simpson DA, Sheridan C, Atkinson SD, Willoughby CE. Genome-Wide RNA Sequencing of Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells Treated with TGF-β1: Relevance to Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1693. [PMID: 36421707 PMCID: PMC9687758 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (XFG) is an aggressive form of secondary open angle glaucoma, characterised by the production of exfoliation material and is estimated to affect 30 million people worldwide. Activation of the TGF-β pathway by TGF-β1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of pseudoexfoliation glaucoma. To further investigate the role of TGF-β1 in glaucomatous changes in the trabecular meshwork (TM), we used RNA-Seq to determine TGF-β1 induced changes in the transcriptome of normal human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells. The main purpose of this study was to perform a hypothesis-independent RNA sequencing analysis to investigate genome-wide alterations in the transcriptome of normal HTMs stimulated with TGF-β1 and investigate possible pathophysiological mechanisms driving XFG. Our results identified multiple differentially expressed genes including several genes known to be present in exfoliation material. Significantly altered pathways, biological processes and molecular functions included extracellular matrix remodelling, Hippo and Wnt pathways, the unfolded protein response, oxidative stress, and the antioxidant system. This cellular model of pseudoexfoliation glaucoma can provide insight into disease pathogenesis and support the development of novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton W. Roodnat
- Genomic Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine Campus, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
- Personalised Medicine Centre, Ulster University, Londonderry BT47 6SB, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Breedge Callaghan
- Genomic Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine Campus, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Chelsey Doyle
- Genomic Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine Campus, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Megan Henry
- Genomic Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine Campus, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall
- School of Medicine, Physiology, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W5P7 Galway, Ireland
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, England, UK
| | - David A. Simpson
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Carl Sheridan
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, England, UK
| | - Sarah D. Atkinson
- Personalised Medicine Centre, Ulster University, Londonderry BT47 6SB, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Colin E. Willoughby
- Genomic Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine Campus, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, England, UK
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14
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Zhou B, Lin X, Li Z, Yao Y, Yang J, Zhu Y. Structure‒function‒pathogenicity analysis of C-terminal myocilin missense variants based on experiments and 3D models. Front Genet 2022; 13:1019208. [PMID: 36267417 PMCID: PMC9577182 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1019208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MYOC is a common pathogenic gene for primary open-angle glaucoma and encodes the protein named myocilin. Multiple MYOC variations have been found, with different clinical significance. However, the pathogenesis of glaucoma induced by MYOC mutations has not been fully clarified. Here, we analyze the molecular and cellular biological differences caused by multiple variant myocilins, including protein secretion characteristics, structural changes, subcellular localization, cellular autophagic activity and oxidative stress. Denaturing and nondenaturing electrophoresis showed myocilin to be a secreted protein with the tendency to self-oligomerize. The full-length myocilin and its C-terminal cleavage fragment are secreted. Secretion analysis of 23 variant myocilins indicated that secretion defects are closely related to the pathogenicity of MYOC variants. Structural analysis showed that the alteration of steric clash is associated with the secretion characteristics and pathogenicity of myocilin variants. Immunocytochemistry results demonstrated that mutated myocilins are retained in the endoplasmic reticulum and disrupt autophagy. MTT assay, MitoTracker staining, and DCFH-DA staining showed increased oxidative injury in cells expressing MYOC mutants. Taken together, MYOC mutations are able to induce cell dysfunction via secretion defects and intracellular accumulation resulting from steric clash alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biting Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaojia Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yihua Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Juhua Yang
- Department of Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yihua Zhu, ; Juhua Yang,
| | - Yihua Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yihua Zhu, ; Juhua Yang,
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15
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He Y, Lu H, Zhao Y. Development of an autophagy activator from Class III PI3K complexes, Tat-BECN1 peptide: Mechanisms and applications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:851166. [PMID: 36172279 PMCID: PMC9511052 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.851166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment or dysregulation of autophagy has been implicated in many human pathologies ranging from neurodegenerative diseases, infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, to malignancies. Efforts have been made to explore the therapeutic potential of pharmacological autophagy activators, as beneficial health effects from caloric restriction or physical exercise are linked to autophagy activation. However, the lack of specificity remains the major challenge to the development and clinical use of autophagy activators. One candidate of specific autophagy activators is Tat-BECN1 peptide, derived from Beclin 1 subunit of Class III PI3K complexes. Here, we summarize the molecular mechanisms by which Tat-BECN1 peptide activates autophagy, the strategies for optimization and development, and the applications of Tat-BECN1 peptide in cellular and organismal models of physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuting Zhao
- Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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16
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17
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Shim MS, Liton PB. The physiological and pathophysiological roles of the autophagy lysosomal system in the conventional aqueous humor outflow pathway: More than cellular clean up. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 90:101064. [PMID: 35370083 PMCID: PMC9464695 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
During the last few years, the autophagy lysosomal system is emerging as a central cellular pathway with roles in survival, acting as a housekeeper and stress response mechanism. Studies by our and other labs suggest that autophagy might play an essential role in maintaining aqueous humor outflow homeostasis, and that malfunction of autophagy in outflow pathway cells might predispose to ocular hypertension and glaucoma pathogenesis. In this review, we will collect the current knowledge and discuss the molecular mechanisms by which autophagy does or might regulate normal outflow pathway tissue function, and its response to different types of stressors (oxidative stress and mechanical stress). We will also discuss novel roles of autophagy and lysosomal enzymes in modulation of TGFβ signaling and ECM remodeling, and the link between dysregulated autophagy and cellular senescence. We will examine what we have learnt, using pre-clinical animal models about how dysregulated autophagy can contribute to disease and apply that to the current status of autophagy in human glaucoma. Finally, we will consider and discuss the challenges and the potential of autophagy as a therapeutic target for the treatment of ocular hypertension and glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Sup Shim
- Duke University, Department of Ophthalmology, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Paloma B Liton
- Duke University, Department of Ophthalmology, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.
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18
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Yan X, Yan W, Fu X, Xu Y, Zhu N, Qiu C, Bu M, Shen Y, Chen M. Single nucleotide mutation changes the capability of CCN3 in osteosarcoma cell invasion and differentiation. Transl Oncol 2022; 24:101485. [PMID: 35858494 PMCID: PMC9294644 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequency of G-to-A mutation in CCN3 is higher than para-carcinoma tissue. Mutation in CCN3 change its capacity of osteosarcoma invasion and differentiation. Mutant CCN3 decrease nuclear ratio of glycosylated/non-glycosylated isoforms.
This study aimed to identify significant mutations in CCN3 gene in osteosarcoma, and to explore the influence of this gene on cell invasion and differentiation and the underlying mechanism. Sanger sequencing was used to identify CCN3 gene sequence in human osteosarcoma cell lines, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and osteosarcoma tissues. Wild-type and mutant CCN3 (mCCN3) were ectopically expressed by lentivirus in human osteosarcoma cell lines. Tumor cell invasion was measured by trans-well assay. Osteogenic differentiation was induced by osteogenic differentiating medium and evaluated based on alkaline phosphatase activity and collagen type I alpha 1 chain and osteocalcin expression. Western blotting was used to detect protein levels of CCN3 and mCCN3 in cytoplasmic, nuclear and secreted fractions of cells. A G-to-A single nucleotide mutation in the coding region of CCN3 was found in both osteosarcoma cells and tissues. The frequency of this mutation in osteosarcoma tissue was much higher than that in para-carcinoma tissue and PBMC of healthy people. This nucleotide mutation decreased nuclear glycosylated full length protein level of CCN3 and affected osteosarcoma cell invasion and differentiation. A lower nuclear ratio of glycosylated/non-glycosylated isoforms accounted for the different behavior of mCCN3 compared with CCN3. The G-to-A mutation identified in CCN3 resulted in differential glycosylated full-length protein levels and altered the functional role of CCN3 in osteosarcoma cell invasion and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Surgery, The University of Michigan, MI, USA.
| | - Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuqiao Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Chuan Qiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Mengmeng Bu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Meihong Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, China.
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19
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Patil SV, Kasetti RB, Millar JC, Zode GS. A Novel Mouse Model of TGFβ2-Induced Ocular Hypertension Using Lentiviral Gene Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6883. [PMID: 35805889 PMCID: PMC9266301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a multifactorial disease leading to irreversible blindness. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common form and is associated with the elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP). Reduced aqueous humor (AH) outflow due to trabecular meshwork (TM) dysfunction is responsible for IOP elevation in POAG. Extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, actin cytoskeletal reorganization, and stiffening of the TM are associated with increased outflow resistance. Transforming growth factor (TGF) β2, a profibrotic cytokine, is known to play an important role in the development of ocular hypertension (OHT) in POAG. An appropriate mouse model is critical in understanding the underlying molecular mechanism of TGFβ2-induced OHT. To achieve this, TM can be targeted with recombinant viral vectors to express a gene of interest. Lentiviruses (LV) are known for their tropism towards TM with stable transgene expression and low immunogenicity. We, therefore, developed a novel mouse model of IOP elevation using LV gene transfer of active human TGFβ2 in the TM. We developed an LV vector-encoding active hTGFβ2C226,228S under the control of a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. Adult C57BL/6J mice were injected intravitreally with LV expressing null or hTGFβ2C226,228S. We observed a significant increase in IOP 3 weeks post-injection compared to control eyes with an average delta change of 3.3 mmHg. IOP stayed elevated up to 7 weeks post-injection, which correlated with a significant drop in the AH outflow facility (40.36%). Increased expression of active TGFβ2 was observed in both AH and anterior segment samples of injected mice. The morphological assessment of the mouse TM region via hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and direct ophthalmoscopy examination revealed no visible signs of inflammation or other ocular abnormalities in the injected eyes. Furthermore, transduction of primary human TM cells with LV_hTGFβ2C226,228S exhibited alterations in actin cytoskeleton structures, including the formation of F-actin stress fibers and crossed-linked actin networks (CLANs), which are signature arrangements of actin cytoskeleton observed in the stiffer fibrotic-like TM. Our study demonstrated a mouse model of sustained IOP elevation via lentiviral gene delivery of active hTGFβ2C226,228S that induces TM dysfunction and outflow resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gulab S. Zode
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (S.V.P.); (R.B.K.); (J.C.M.)
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20
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Sharif NA. Degeneration of retina-brain components and connections in glaucoma: Disease causation and treatment options for eyesight preservation. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 3:100037. [PMID: 36685768 PMCID: PMC9846481 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Eyesight is the most important of our sensory systems for optimal daily activities and overall survival. Patients who experience visual impairment due to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) are often those afflicted with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) which slowly robs them of their vision unless treatment is administered soon after diagnosis. The hallmark features of POAG and other forms of glaucoma are damaged optic nerve, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss and atrophied RGC axons connecting to various brain regions associated with receipt of visual input from the eyes and eventual decoding and perception of images in the visual cortex. Even though increased IOP is the major risk factor for POAG, the disease is caused by many injurious chemicals and events that progress slowly within all components of the eye-brain visual axis. Lowering of IOP mitigates the damage to some extent with existing drugs, surgical and device implantation therapeutic interventions. However, since multifactorial degenerative processes occur during aging and with glaucomatous optic neuropathy, different forms of neuroprotective, nutraceutical and electroceutical regenerative and revitalizing agents and processes are being considered to combat these eye-brain disorders. These aspects form the basis of this short review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najam A. Sharif
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore,Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), Singapore,Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Sciences Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA,Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College of Science and Technology, St. Mary's Campus, London, UK,Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA,Ophthalmology Innovation Center, Santen Incorporated, 6401 Hollis Street (Suite #125), Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA,Ophthalmology Innovation Center, Santen Incorporated, 6401 Hollis Street (Suite #125), Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.
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21
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Rakkhittawattana V, Panichayupakaranant P, Prasanth MI, Brimson JM, Tencomnao T. Rhinacanthin-C but Not -D Extracted from Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz Offers Neuroprotection via ERK, CHOP, and LC3B Pathways. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:627. [PMID: 35631453 PMCID: PMC9145051 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases present an increasing problem as the world's population ages; thus, the discovery of new drugs that prevent diseases such as Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases are vital. In this study, Rhinacanthin-C and -D were isolated from Rhinacanthus nasustus, using ethyl acetate, followed by chromatography to isolate Rhinacanthin-C and -D. Both compounds were confirmed using NMR and ultra-performance-LCMS. Using glutamate toxicity in HT-22 cells, we measured cell viability and apoptosis, ROS build-up, and investigated signaling pathways. We show that Rhinacanthin-C and 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone have neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced apoptosis in HT-22 cells. Furthermore, we see that Rhinacanthin-C resulted in autophagy inhibition and increased ER stress. In contrast, low concentrations of Rhinacanthin-C and 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone prevented ER stress and CHOP expression. All concentrations of Rhinacanthin-C prevented ROS production and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. We conclude that, while autophagy is present in HT-22 cells subjected to glutamate toxicity, its inhibition is not necessary for cryoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varaporn Rakkhittawattana
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Pharkphoom Panichayupakaranant
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand;
| | - Mani I. Prasanth
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - James M. Brimson
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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22
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Yan X, Wu S, Liu Q, Cheng Y, Zhang J, Wang N. Myocilin Gene Mutation Induced Autophagy Activation Causes Dysfunction of Trabecular Meshwork Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:900777. [PMID: 35615698 PMCID: PMC9124892 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.900777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Trabecular meshwork dysfunction is the main cause of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Mutant myocilin causes glaucoma mainly via elevating IOP. Previously we have found that accumulated Asn 450 Tyr (N450Y) mutant myocilin impairs human trabecular meshwork (TM) cells by inducing chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in vitro. However, it is unclear how ER stress leads to TM damage and whether N450Y myocilin mutation is associated with POAG in vivo. Here we found that N450Y mutant myocilin induces autophagy, which worsens cell viability, whereas inhibition of autophagy increases viability and decreases cell death in human TM cells. Furthermore, we construct a transgenic mouse model of N450Y myocilin mutation (Tg-MYOCN450Y) and Tg-MYOCN450Y mice exhibiting glaucoma phenotypes: IOP elevation, retinal ganglion cell loss and visual impairment. Consistent with our published in vitro studies, mutant myocilin fails to secrete into aqueous humor, causes ER stress and actives autophagy in Tg-MYOCN450Y mice, and aqueous humor dynamics are altered in Tg-MYOCN450Y mice. In summary, our studies demonstrate that activation of autophagy is correlated with pathogenesis of POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Yan
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shen Wu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxue Zhang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ningli Wang, ; Jingxue Zhang,
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ningli Wang, ; Jingxue Zhang,
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23
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Criado-Marrero M, Blazier DM, Gould LA, Gebru NT, Rodriguez Ospina S, Armendariz DS, Darling AL, Beaulieu-Abdelahad D, Blair LJ. Evidence against a contribution of the CCAAT-enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in mediating neurotoxicity in rTg4510 mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7372. [PMID: 35513476 PMCID: PMC9072347 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau accumulation and progressive loss of neurons are associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Aggregation of tau has been associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). While ER stress and the UPR have been linked to AD, the contribution of these pathways to tau-mediated neuronal death is still unknown. We tested the hypothesis that reducing C/EBP Homologous Protein (CHOP), a UPR induced transcription factor associated with cell death, would mitigate tau-mediated neurotoxicity through the ER stress pathway. To evaluate this, 8.5-month-old male rTg4510 tau transgenic mice were injected with a CHOP-targeting or scramble shRNA AAV9 that also expressed EGFP. Following behavioral assessment, brain tissue was collected at 12 months, when ER stress and neuronal loss is ongoing. No behavioral differences in locomotion, anxiety-like behavior, or learning and memory were found in shCHOP mice. Unexpectedly, mice expressing shCHOP had higher levels of CHOP, which did not affect neuronal count, UPR effector (ATF4), or tau tangles. Overall, this suggests that CHOP is a not a main contributor to neuronal death in rTg4510 mice. Taken together with previous studies, we conclude that ER stress, including CHOP upregulation, does not worsen outcomes in the tauopathic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marangelie Criado-Marrero
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Danielle M Blazier
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Lauren A Gould
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Niat T Gebru
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Santiago Rodriguez Ospina
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Debra S Armendariz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - April L Darling
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - David Beaulieu-Abdelahad
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Laura J Blair
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA. .,Research Service, James A Haley Veterans Hospital, 13000 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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24
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McDowell CM, Kizhatil K, Elliott MH, Overby DR, van Batenburg-Sherwood J, Millar JC, Kuehn MH, Zode G, Acott TS, Anderson MG, Bhattacharya SK, Bertrand JA, Borras T, Bovenkamp DE, Cheng L, Danias J, De Ieso ML, Du Y, Faralli JA, Fuchshofer R, Ganapathy PS, Gong H, Herberg S, Hernandez H, Humphries P, John SWM, Kaufman PL, Keller KE, Kelley MJ, Kelly RA, Krizaj D, Kumar A, Leonard BC, Lieberman RL, Liton P, Liu Y, Liu KC, Lopez NN, Mao W, Mavlyutov T, McDonnell F, McLellan GJ, Mzyk P, Nartey A, Pasquale LR, Patel GC, Pattabiraman PP, Peters DM, Raghunathan V, Rao PV, Rayana N, Raychaudhuri U, Reina-Torres E, Ren R, Rhee D, Chowdhury UR, Samples JR, Samples EG, Sharif N, Schuman JS, Sheffield VC, Stevenson CH, Soundararajan A, Subramanian P, Sugali CK, Sun Y, Toris CB, Torrejon KY, Vahabikashi A, Vranka JA, Wang T, Willoughby CE, Xin C, Yun H, Zhang HF, Fautsch MP, Tamm ER, Clark AF, Ethier CR, Stamer WD. Consensus Recommendation for Mouse Models of Ocular Hypertension to Study Aqueous Humor Outflow and Its Mechanisms. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:12. [PMID: 35129590 PMCID: PMC8842499 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.2.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their similarities in anatomy, physiology, and pharmacology to humans, mice are a valuable model system to study the generation and mechanisms modulating conventional outflow resistance and thus intraocular pressure. In addition, mouse models are critical for understanding the complex nature of conventional outflow homeostasis and dysfunction that results in ocular hypertension. In this review, we describe a set of minimum acceptable standards for developing, characterizing, and utilizing mouse models of open-angle ocular hypertension. We expect that this set of standard practices will increase scientific rigor when using mouse models and will better enable researchers to replicate and build upon previous findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M. McDowell
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | | | - Michael H. Elliott
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Darryl R. Overby
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | | | - J. Cameron Millar
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, and North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Markus H. Kuehn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa; Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Gulab Zode
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, and North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Ted S. Acott
- Ophthalmology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Michael G. Anderson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa; Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | | | - Jacques A. Bertrand
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Terete Borras
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | | | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - John Danias
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, United States
| | - Michael Lucio De Ieso
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Yiqin Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Faralli
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Rudolf Fuchshofer
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Preethi S. Ganapathy
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States
| | - Haiyan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Samuel Herberg
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States
| | | | - Peter Humphries
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simon W. M. John
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Paul L. Kaufman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Kate E. Keller
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Mary J. Kelley
- Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Integrative Biosciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Ruth A. Kelly
- Ocular Genetics Unit, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Krizaj
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Brian C. Leonard
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Raquel L. Lieberman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Paloma Liton
- Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Yutao Liu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, James & Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Katy C. Liu
- Duke Eye Center, Duke Health, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Navita N. Lopez
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Weiming Mao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Timur Mavlyutov
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Fiona McDonnell
- Duke Eye Center, Duke Health, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Gillian J. McLellan
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Philip Mzyk
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Andrews Nartey
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Louis R. Pasquale
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Gaurang C. Patel
- Ophthalmology Research, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarreytown, New York, United States
| | | | - Donna M. Peters
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | | | - Ponugoti Vasantha Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Naga Rayana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Urmimala Raychaudhuri
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Ester Reina-Torres
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruiyi Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Douglas Rhee
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Uttio Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - John R. Samples
- Washington State University, Floyd Elson College of Medicine, Spokane, Washington, United States
| | | | - Najam Sharif
- Santen Inc., Emeryville, California, United States
| | - Joel S. Schuman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, New York, United States; Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York, United States; Center for Neural Science, College of Arts and Science, New York University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Val C. Sheffield
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Cooper H. Stevenson
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, and North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Avinash Soundararajan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | | | - Chenna Kesavulu Sugali
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Yang Sun
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States
| | - Carol B. Toris
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | | | - Amir Vahabikashi
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Janice A. Vranka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Colin E. Willoughby
- Genomic Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Chen Xin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmin Yun
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Hao F. Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States
| | - Michael P. Fautsch
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States
| | | | - Abbot F. Clark
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - C. Ross Ethier
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology; Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - W. Daniel Stamer
- Duke Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
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25
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Wang N, Wei L, Liu D, Zhang Q, Xia X, Ding L, Xiong S. Identification and Validation of Autophagy-Related Genes in Diabetic Retinopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:867600. [PMID: 35574010 PMCID: PMC9098829 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.867600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes, which is associated with damage of blood-retinal barrier and ischemia of retinal vasculature. It devastates visual acuity due to leakage of retinal vessels and aberrant pathological angiogenesis in diabetic patients. The etiology of DR is complex, accumulated studies have shown that autophagy plays an important role in the pathogenesis of DR, but its specific mechanism needs to be further studied. METHODS This study chose the online Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) microarray expression profiling dataset GSE146615 to carry on the research. Autophagy-related genes that were potentially differentially expressed in DR were screened by R software. Then, the differentially expressed autophagy-related genes were analyzed by correlation analysis, tissue-specific gene expression, gene-ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Finally, retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19) incubated with high glucose (HG) was used to mimic the DR model, and the mRNA level of key genes was verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in vitro. RESULTS A total of 23 differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (9 up-regulated genes and 14 down-regulated genes) were identified by differential expression analysis. The analysis of tissue-specific gene expression showed that these differentially expressed autophagy-related genes were enriched in the retina. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed autophagy-related genes were significantly enriched in autophagy-related pathways such as regulation of autophagy and macroautophagy. Then 10 hub genes were identified by PPI network analysis and construction of key modules. Finally, qRT-PCR confirmed that the expression of MAPK3 in the DR model was consistent with the results of bioinformatics analysis of mRNA chip. CONCLUSION Through bioinformatics analysis, we identified 23 potential DR autophagy-related genes, among which the down-regulated expression of MAPK3 may affect the occurrence and development of DR by regulating autophagy. It provides a novel insight into the pathogenesis of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Opthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linfeng Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Die Liu
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Opthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quyan Zhang
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Opthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Opthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lexi Ding
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Opthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Siqi Xiong, ; Lexi Ding,
| | - Siqi Xiong
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Opthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Siqi Xiong, ; Lexi Ding,
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26
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Kasetti RB, Maddineni P, Kodati B, Nagarajan B, Yacoub S. Astragaloside IV Attenuates Ocular Hypertension in a Mouse Model of TGFβ2 Induced Primary Open Angle Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212508. [PMID: 34830390 PMCID: PMC8619727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor in developing primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), which is the most common form of glaucoma. Transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGFβ2) is a pro-fibrotic cytokine that plays an important role in POAG pathogenesis. TGFβ2 induced extracellular matrix (ECM) production, deposition and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the trabecular meshwork (TM) contribute to increased aqueous humor (AH) outflow resistance and IOP elevation. Drugs which alter the glaucomatous fibrotic changes and ER stress in the TM may be effective in reducing ocular hypertension. Astragaloside IV (AS.IV), a novel saponin isolated from the roots of Astragalus membranaceus, has demonstrated antifibrotic and ER stress lowering effects in various tissues during disease conditions. However, the effect of AS.IV on glaucomatous TM fibrosis, ER stress and ocular hypertension has not been studied. Primary human TM cells treated with AS.IV decreased TGFβ2 induced ECM (FN, Col-I) deposition and ER stress (KDEL, ATF4 and CHOP). Moreover, AS.IV treatment reduced TGFβ2 induced NF-κB activation and αSMA expression in TM cells. We found that AS.IV treatment significantly increased levels of matrix metalloproteases (MMP9 and MMP2) and MMP2 enzymatic activity, indicating that the antifibrotic effects of AS.IV are mediated via inhibition of NF-κB and activation of MMPs. AS.IV treatment also reduced ER stress in TM3 cells stably expressing mutant myocilin. Interestingly, the topical ocular AS.IV eye drops (1 mM) significantly decreased TGFβ2 induced ocular hypertension in mice, and this was associated with a decrease in FN, Col-1 (ECM), KDEL (ER stress) and αSMA in mouse TM tissues. Taken together, the results suggest that AS.IV prevents TGFβ2 induced ocular hypertension by modulating ECM deposition and ER stress in the TM.
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27
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Sharif NA. Therapeutic Drugs and Devices for Tackling Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma, and Need for Neuroprotection and Cytoprotective Therapies. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:729249. [PMID: 34603044 PMCID: PMC8484316 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.729249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to the optic nerve and the death of associated retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), also known as glaucoma, is responsible for visual impairment and blindness in millions of people worldwide. The ocular hypertension (OHT) and the deleterious mechanical forces it exerts at the back of the eye, at the level of the optic nerve head/optic disc and lamina cribosa, is the only modifiable risk factor associated with glaucoma that can be treated. The elevated IOP occurs due to the inability of accumulated aqueous humor (AQH) to egress from the anterior chamber of the eye due to occlusion of the major outflow pathway, the trabecular meshwork (TM) and Schlemm’s canal (SC). Several different classes of pharmaceutical agents, surgical techniques and implantable devices have been developed to lower and control IOP. First-line drugs to promote AQH outflow via the uveoscleral outflow pathway include FP-receptor prostaglandin (PG) agonists (e.g., latanoprost, travoprost and tafluprost) and a novel non-PG EP2-receptor agonist (omidenepag isopropyl, Eybelis®). TM/SC outflow enhancing drugs are also effective ocular hypotensive agents (e.g., rho kinase inhibitors like ripasudil and netarsudil; and latanoprostene bunod, a conjugate of a nitric oxide donor and latanoprost). One of the most effective anterior chamber AQH microshunt devices is the Preserflo® microshunt which can lower IOP down to 10–13 mmHg. Other IOP-lowering drugs and devices on the horizon will be also discussed. Additionally, since elevated IOP is only one of many risk factors for development of glaucomatous optic neuropathy, a treatise of the role of inflammatory neurodegeneration of the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells and appropriate neuroprotective strategies to mitigate this disease will also be reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najam A Sharif
- Global Alliances and External Research, Ophthalmology Innovation Center, Santen Inc., Emeryville, CA, United States
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28
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Klionsky DJ, Petroni G, Amaravadi RK, Baehrecke EH, Ballabio A, Boya P, Bravo‐San Pedro JM, Cadwell K, Cecconi F, Choi AMK, Choi ME, Chu CT, Codogno P, Colombo M, Cuervo AM, Deretic V, Dikic I, Elazar Z, Eskelinen E, Fimia GM, Gewirtz DA, Green DR, Hansen M, Jäättelä M, Johansen T, Juhász G, Karantza V, Kraft C, Kroemer G, Ktistakis NT, Kumar S, Lopez‐Otin C, Macleod KF, Madeo F, Martinez J, Meléndez A, Mizushima N, Münz C, Penninger JM, Perera R, Piacentini M, Reggiori F, Rubinsztein DC, Ryan K, Sadoshima J, Santambrogio L, Scorrano L, Simon H, Simon AK, Simonsen A, Stolz A, Tavernarakis N, Tooze SA, Yoshimori T, Yuan J, Yue Z, Zhong Q, Galluzzi L, Pietrocola F. Autophagy in major human diseases. EMBO J 2021; 40:e108863. [PMID: 34459017 PMCID: PMC8488577 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 696] [Impact Index Per Article: 232.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a core molecular pathway for the preservation of cellular and organismal homeostasis. Pharmacological and genetic interventions impairing autophagy responses promote or aggravate disease in a plethora of experimental models. Consistently, mutations in autophagy-related processes cause severe human pathologies. Here, we review and discuss preclinical data linking autophagy dysfunction to the pathogenesis of major human disorders including cancer as well as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, metabolic, pulmonary, renal, infectious, musculoskeletal, and ocular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Petroni
- Department of Radiation OncologyWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Ravi K Amaravadi
- Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Abramson Cancer CenterUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Eric H Baehrecke
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer BiologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoliItaly
- Department of Translational Medical SciencesSection of PediatricsFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of Medicine, and Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research InstituteTexas Children HospitalHoustonTXUSA
| | - Patricia Boya
- Margarita Salas Center for Biological ResearchSpanish National Research CouncilMadridSpain
| | - José Manuel Bravo‐San Pedro
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment Section of PhysiologyComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)MadridSpain
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball InstituteNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of MicrobiologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineNew York University Langone HealthNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- Cell Stress and Survival UnitCenter for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD)Danish Cancer Society Research CenterCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Pediatric Onco‐Hematology and Cell and Gene TherapyIRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's HospitalRomeItaly
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’RomeItaly
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineJoan and Sanford I. Weill Department of MedicineWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- New York‐Presbyterian HospitalWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Mary E Choi
- New York‐Presbyterian HospitalWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Division of Nephrology and HypertensionJoan and Sanford I. Weill Department of MedicineWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Charleen T Chu
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Patrice Codogno
- Institut Necker‐Enfants MaladesINSERM U1151‐CNRS UMR 8253ParisFrance
- Université de ParisParisFrance
| | - Maria Isabel Colombo
- Laboratorio de Mecanismos Moleculares Implicados en el Tráfico Vesicular y la Autofagia‐Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM)‐Universidad Nacional de CuyoCONICET‐ Facultad de Ciencias MédicasMendozaArgentina
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular BiologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA
- Institute for Aging StudiesAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA
| | - Vojo Deretic
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism (AIMCenter of Biomedical Research ExcellenceUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterAlbuquerqueNMUSA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and MicrobiologyUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterAlbuquerqueNMUSA
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry IISchool of MedicineGoethe UniversityFrankfurt, Frankfurt am MainGermany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life SciencesGoethe UniversityFrankfurt, Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Zvulun Elazar
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesThe Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | | | - Gian Maria Fimia
- Department of Molecular MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
- Department of EpidemiologyPreclinical Research, and Advanced DiagnosticsNational Institute for Infectious Diseases ‘L. Spallanzani’ IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - David A Gewirtz
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologySchool of MedicineVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of ImmunologySt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTNUSA
| | - Malene Hansen
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteProgram of DevelopmentAging, and RegenerationLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Cell Death and MetabolismCenter for Autophagy, Recycling & DiseaseDanish Cancer Society Research CenterCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Terje Johansen
- Department of Medical BiologyMolecular Cancer Research GroupUniversity of Tromsø—The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Institute of GeneticsBiological Research CenterSzegedHungary
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental BiologyEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | | | - Claudine Kraft
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyZBMZFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- CIBSS ‐ Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling StudiesUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des CordeliersEquipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le CancerUniversité de ParisSorbonne UniversitéInserm U1138Institut Universitaire de FranceParisFrance
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology PlatformsInstitut Gustave RoussyVillejuifFrance
- Pôle de BiologieHôpital Européen Georges PompidouAP‐HPParisFrance
- Suzhou Institute for Systems MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesSuzhouChina
- Karolinska InstituteDepartment of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | | | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer BiologyUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia
- Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Carlos Lopez‐Otin
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología MolecularFacultad de MedicinaInstituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA)Universidad de OviedoOviedoSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)MadridSpain
| | - Kay F Macleod
- The Ben May Department for Cancer ResearchThe Gordon Center for Integrative SciencesW‐338The University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
- The University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular BiosciencesNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
- BioTechMed‐GrazGrazAustria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth – University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Jennifer Martinez
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease LaboratoryNational Institute of Environmental Health SciencesNIHResearch Triangle ParkNCUSA
| | - Alicia Meléndez
- Biology Department, Queens CollegeCity University of New YorkFlushingNYUSA
- The Graduate Center Biology and Biochemistry PhD Programs of the City University of New YorkNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Noboru Mizushima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral ImmunobiologyInstitute of Experimental ImmunologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA)Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
- Department of Medical GeneticsLife Sciences InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Rushika M Perera
- Department of AnatomyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
- Department of PathologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Rome “Tor Vergata”RomeItaly
- Laboratory of Molecular MedicineInstitute of Cytology Russian Academy of ScienceSaint PetersburgRussia
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & SystemsMolecular Cell Biology SectionUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical GeneticsCambridge Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- UK Dementia Research InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
- Institute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular MedicineCardiovascular Research InstituteRutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNJUSA
| | - Laura Santambrogio
- Department of Radiation OncologyWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNYUSA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Istituto Veneto di Medicina MolecolarePadovaItaly
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Hans‐Uwe Simon
- Institute of PharmacologyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department of Clinical Immunology and AllergologySechenov UniversityMoscowRussia
- Laboratory of Molecular ImmunologyInstitute of Fundamental Medicine and BiologyKazan Federal UniversityKazanRussia
| | | | - Anne Simonsen
- Department of Molecular MedicineInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Centre for Cancer Cell ReprogrammingInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University Hospital MontebelloOsloNorway
| | - Alexandra Stolz
- Institute of Biochemistry IISchool of MedicineGoethe UniversityFrankfurt, Frankfurt am MainGermany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life SciencesGoethe UniversityFrankfurt, Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyFoundation for Research and Technology‐HellasHeraklion, CreteGreece
- Department of Basic SciencesSchool of MedicineUniversity of CreteHeraklion, CreteGreece
| | - Sharon A Tooze
- Molecular Cell Biology of AutophagyThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
| | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Department of GeneticsGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
- Department of Intracellular Membrane DynamicsGraduate School of Frontier BiosciencesOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science DivisionInstitute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI)Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Junying Yuan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- Department of Cell BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Zhenyu Yue
- Department of NeurologyFriedman Brain InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Qing Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of EducationDepartment of PathophysiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU‐SM)ShanghaiChina
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation OncologyWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNYUSA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of DermatologyYale School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
- Université de ParisParisFrance
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Pasquale LR, Gong L, Wiggs JL, Pan L, Yang Z, Wu M, Yang Z, Chen DF, Zeng W. Development of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma-Like Features in a Rhesus Macaque Colony From Southern China. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:20. [PMID: 34403473 PMCID: PMC8374995 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.9.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe the ocular phenotype of spontaneous glaucoma in a non-human primate colony. Methods In total, 722 Rhesus macaque monkeys aged 10 to 25 years underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus photography (FP), and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements. Monkeys with baseline cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) <0.5 were used to establish baseline ocular features. A subset was followed longitudinally for three years and compared to glaucoma suspects on the basis of OCT/FP criteria. Results The average IOP under ketamine sedation and average CDR for the entire colony was 13.0 ± 4.3 mm Hg and 0.38 ± 0.07, respectively. The mean baseline conscious IOP of glaucoma suspects (N = 18) versus controls (N = 108) was 16.2 ± 3.5 mm Hg and 13.9 ± 2.3 mm Hg, respectively (P = 0.001). All glaucoma suspects had unremarkable slit lamp examinations and open angles based on anterior segment OCT. Baseline global circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness was 91.5 ± 11.0 µM versus 102.7 ± 8.5 µM in suspects and controls, respectively (P < 0.0001). All sectors on the baseline circumpapillary OCT showed a significant reduction in RNFL thickness versus controls (P ≤ 0.0022) except for the temporal sector (P ≥ 0.07). In three-year longitudinal analysis, neither CDR nor OCT parameters changed in controls (N = 40; P ≥ 0.16), whereas significant increase in CDR (P = 0.018) and nominally significant decreases in two OCT sectors (nasal, P = 0.023 and nasal inferior, P = 0.046) were noted in suspects. Conclusions Members of a nonhuman primate colony exhibit important ophthalmic features of human primary open-angle glaucoma. Translational Relevance Identification of a spontaneous model of glaucoma in nonhuman primates represents an unprecedented opportunity to elucidate the natural history, pathogenesis and effective therapeutic strategies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis R Pasquale
- Eye and Vision Research Institute of New York Eye and Ear at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Li Gong
- PriMed Non-human Primate Research Center of Sichuan PriMed Shines Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Ya'an, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Janey L Wiggs
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lingzhen Pan
- PriMed Non-human Primate Research Center of Sichuan PriMed Shines Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Ya'an, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhenyan Yang
- PriMed Non-human Primate Research Center of Sichuan PriMed Shines Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Ya'an, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Mingling Wu
- PriMed Non-human Primate Research Center of Sichuan PriMed Shines Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Ya'an, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zunyuan Yang
- PriMed Non-human Primate Research Center of Sichuan PriMed Shines Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Ya'an, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dong Feng Chen
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wen Zeng
- PriMed Non-human Primate Research Center of Sichuan PriMed Shines Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Ya'an, Sichuan Province, China
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30
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Patel PD, Chen YL, Kasetti RB, Maddineni P, Mayhew W, Millar JC, Ellis DZ, Sonkusare SK, Zode GS. Impaired TRPV4-eNOS signaling in trabecular meshwork elevates intraocular pressure in glaucoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2022461118. [PMID: 33853948 PMCID: PMC8072326 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022461118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) is the most common form of glaucoma that leads to irreversible vision loss. Dysfunction of trabecular meshwork (TM) tissue, a major regulator of aqueous humor (AH) outflow resistance, is associated with intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation in POAG. However, the underlying pathological mechanisms of TM dysfunction in POAG remain elusive. In this regard, transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) cation channels are known to be important Ca2+ entry pathways in multiple cell types. Here, we provide direct evidence supporting Ca2+ entry through TRPV4 channels in human TM cells and show that TRPV4 channels in TM cells can be activated by increased fluid flow/shear stress. TM-specific TRPV4 channel knockout in mice elevated IOP, supporting a crucial role for TRPV4 channels in IOP regulation. Pharmacological activation of TRPV4 channels in mouse eyes also improved AH outflow facility and lowered IOP. Importantly, TRPV4 channels activated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in TM cells, and loss of eNOS abrogated TRPV4-induced lowering of IOP. Remarkably, TRPV4-eNOS signaling was significantly more pronounced in TM cells compared to Schlemm's canal cells. Furthermore, glaucomatous human TM cells show impaired activity of TRPV4 channels and disrupted TRPV4-eNOS signaling. Flow/shear stress activation of TRPV4 channels and subsequent NO release were also impaired in glaucomatous primary human TM cells. Together, our studies demonstrate a central role for TRPV4-eNOS signaling in IOP regulation. Our results also provide evidence that impaired TRPV4 channel activity in TM cells contributes to TM dysfunction and elevated IOP in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinkal D Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX 76107
| | - Yen-Lin Chen
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Ramesh B Kasetti
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX 76107
| | - Prabhavathi Maddineni
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX 76107
| | - William Mayhew
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX 76107
| | - J Cameron Millar
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX 76107
| | - Dorette Z Ellis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX 76107
| | - Swapnil K Sonkusare
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908;
- Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Gulab S Zode
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX 76107;
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