1
|
Dorweiler TF, Singh A, Ganju A, Lydic TA, Glazer LC, Kolesnick RN, Busik JV. Diabetic retinopathy is a ceramidopathy reversible by anti-ceramide immunotherapy. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1521-1533.e5. [PMID: 38718792 PMCID: PMC11222062 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a microvascular disease that causes blindness. Using acid sphingomyelinase knockout mice, we reported that ceramide generation is critical for diabetic retinopathy development. Here, in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, we identify vitreous ceramide imbalance with pathologic long-chain C16-ceramides increasing and protective very long-chain C26-ceramides decreasing. C16-ceramides generate pro-inflammatory/pro-apoptotic ceramide-rich platforms on endothelial surfaces. To geo-localize ceramide-rich platforms, we invented a three-dimensional confocal assay and showed that retinopathy-producing cytokines TNFα and IL-1β induce ceramide-rich platform formation on retinal endothelial cells within seconds, with volumes increasing 2-logs, yielding apoptotic death. Anti-ceramide antibodies abolish these events. Furthermore, intravitreal and systemic anti-ceramide antibodies protect from diabetic retinopathy in standardized rodent ischemia reperfusion and streptozotocin models. These data support (1) retinal endothelial ceramide as a diabetic retinopathy treatment target, (2) early-stage therapy of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy to prevent progression, and (3) systemic diabetic retinopathy treatment; and they characterize diabetic retinopathy as a "ceramidopathy" reversible by anti-ceramide immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim F Dorweiler
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02113, USA
| | - Arjun Singh
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute New York, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Aditya Ganju
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute New York, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Todd A Lydic
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Louis C Glazer
- Vitreo-Retinal Associates, Grand Rapids, MI 49546, USA; Ophthalmology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Richard N Kolesnick
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute New York, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Julia V Busik
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Biochemistry and Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Singh VK, Seed TM. The potential value of 5-androstenediol in countering acute radiation syndrome. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103856. [PMID: 38097137 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Moderate-to-high doses of ionizing irradiation can lead to potentially life-threatening morbidities and increase mortality risk. In preclinical testing, 5-androstenediol has been shown to be effective in protecting against hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome. This agent is important for innate immunity, serves to modulate cell cycle progression, reduces radiation-induced apoptosis, and regulates DNA repair. The drug has been evaluated clinically for its pharmacokinetics and safety. The United States Food and Drug Administration granted investigational new drug status to its injectable depot formulation (NEUMUNE). Its safety and efficacy profiles make it an attractive candidate for further development as a radiation countermeasure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Singh
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Thomas M Seed
- Tech Micro Services, 4417 Maple Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Molinar-Inglis O, DiCarlo AL, Lapinskas PJ, Rios CI, Satyamitra MM, Silverman TA, Winters TA, Cassatt DR. Radiation-induced multi-organ injury. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:486-504. [PMID: 38166195 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2295298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Natural history studies have been informative in dissecting radiation injury, isolating its effects, and compartmentalizing injury based on the extent of exposure and the elapsed time post-irradiation. Although radiation injury models are useful for investigating the mechanism of action in isolated subsyndromes and development of medical countermeasures (MCMs), it is clear that ionizing radiation exposure leads to multi-organ injury (MOI). METHODS The Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program within the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases partnered with the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority to convene a virtual two-day meeting titled 'Radiation-Induced Multi-Organ Injury' on June 7-8, 2022. Invited subject matter experts presented their research findings in MOI, including study of mechanisms and possible MCMs to address complex radiation-induced injuries. RESULTS This workshop report summarizes key information from each presentation and discussion by the speakers and audience participants. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the mechanisms that lead to radiation-induced MOI is critical to advancing candidate MCMs that could mitigate the injury and reduce associated morbidity and mortality. The observation that some of these mechanisms associated with MOI include systemic injuries, such as inflammation and vascular damage, suggests that MCMs that address systemic pathways could be effective against multiple organ systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Molinar-Inglis
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Andrea L DiCarlo
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Paula J Lapinskas
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response (ASPR), Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Carmen I Rios
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Merriline M Satyamitra
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Toby A Silverman
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response (ASPR), Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas A Winters
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - David R Cassatt
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nagesh PKB, Monette S, Shamu T, Giralt S, Jean SCS, Zhang Z, Fuks Z, Kolesnick R. Anti-ceramide Single-Chain Variable Fragment Mitigates Gastrointestinal-Acute Radiation Syndrome and Improves Marrow Reconstitution, Rendering Near-Normal 90-Day Autopsies. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023:S0360-3016(23)07728-3. [PMID: 37815783 PMCID: PMC10947531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE After September 11, 2001, nuclear threat prompted government agencies to develop medical countermeasures to mitigate two syndromes, the hematopoietic-acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS) and the higher-dose gastrointestinal-acute radiation syndrome (GI-ARS), both lethal within weeks. While repurposing leukemia drugs that enhance bone marrow repopulation successfully treats H-ARS, no mitigator potentially deliverable under mass casualty conditions preserves the GI tract. We recently reported that anti-ceramide single-chain variable fragment (scFv) mitigates GI-ARS lethality, abrogating ongoing small intestinal endothelial apoptosis to rescue Lgr5+ stem cells. Here, we examine long-term consequences of prevention of acute GI-ARS lethality. METHODS AND MATERIALS For these studies, C57BL/6J male mice were treated with 15 Gy whole body irradiation, the 90% GI-ARS lethal dose for this mouse strain. RESULTS Mice irradiated with 15 Gy alone or with 15 Gy + bone marrow transplantation (BMT) or anti-ceramide scFv, succumb to an ARS within 8 to 10 days. Autopsies reveal only mice receiving anti-ceramide scFv at 24 hours post-whole body irradiation display small intestinal rescue. No marrow reconstitution occurs in any group with attendant undetectable circulating blood elements. Mice receiving 15 Gy + BMT + scFv, however, normalize blood counts by day 12, suggesting that scFv also improves marrow reconstitution, a concept for which we provide experimental support. We show that at 14 Gy, the upper limit dose for H-ARS lethality before transition to GI-ARS lethality, anti-ceramide scFv markedly improves marrow take, reducing the quantity of marrow-conferring survival by more than 3-fold. Consistent with these findings, mice receiving 15 Gy + BMT + scFv exhibit prolonged survival. At day 90, before sacrifice, they display normal appearance, behavior, and serum biochemistries, and surprisingly, at full autopsy, near-normal physiology in all 42 tissues examined. CONCLUSIONS Anti-ceramide scFv mitigates GI-ARS lethality and improves marrow reconstitution rendering prolonged survival with near normal autopsies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth K B Nagesh
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sebastien Monette
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Rockefeller University, Weill Cornell Medicine and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Tambudzai Shamu
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sergio Giralt
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Adult BMT Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Samantha C St Jean
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Rockefeller University, Weill Cornell Medicine and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Zvi Fuks
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Champalimaud Center, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Richard Kolesnick
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Petrache I, Pujadas E, Ganju A, Serban KA, Borowiec A, Babbs B, Bronova IA, Egersdorf N, Hume PS, Goel K, Janssen WJ, Berdyshev EV, Cordon-Cardo C, Kolesnick R. Marked elevations in lung and plasma ceramide in COVID-19 linked to microvascular injury. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e156104. [PMID: 37212278 PMCID: PMC10322682 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.156104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of the marked pulmonary microvasculature injury, a distinguishing feature of COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (COVID-ARDS), remains unclear. Implicated in the pathophysiology of diverse diseases characterized by endothelial damage, including ARDS and ischemic cardiovascular disease, ceramide and in particular palmitoyl ceramide (C16:0-ceramide) may be involved in the microvascular injury in COVID-19. Using deidentified plasma and lung samples from COVID-19 patients, ceramide profiling by mass spectrometry was performed. Compared with healthy individuals, a specific 3-fold C16:0-ceramide elevation in COVID-19 patient plasma was identified. Compared with age-matched controls, autopsied lungs of individuals succumbing to COVID-ARDS displayed a massive 9-fold C16:0-ceramide elevation and exhibited a previously unrecognized microvascular ceramide-staining pattern and markedly enhanced apoptosis. In COVID-19 plasma and lungs, the C16-ceramide/C24-ceramide ratios were increased and reversed, respectively, consistent with increased risk of vascular injury. Indeed, exposure of primary human lung microvascular endothelial cell monolayers to C16:0-ceramide-rich plasma lipid extracts from COVID-19, but not healthy, individuals led to a significant decrease in endothelial barrier function. This effect was phenocopied by spiking healthy plasma lipid extracts with synthetic C16:0-ceramide and was inhibited by treatment with ceramide-neutralizing monoclonal antibody or single-chain variable fragment. These results indicate that C16:0-ceramide may be implicated in the vascular injury associated with COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Petrache
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Elisabet Pujadas
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aditya Ganju
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Karina A. Serban
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Alexander Borowiec
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Beatrice Babbs
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Irina A. Bronova
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Nicholas Egersdorf
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Patrick S. Hume
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Khushboo Goel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - William J. Janssen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Evgeny V. Berdyshev
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Richard Kolesnick
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li H, Kucharavy HC, Hajj C, Zhao L, Hua G, Glass R, Paty PB, Fuks Z, Kolesnick R, Hubbard K, Haimovitz-Friedman A. Radiation-induced gastrointestinal (GI) syndrome as a function of age. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:31. [PMID: 36697383 PMCID: PMC9876996 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01298-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies show increased sensitivity of older mice (28-29 months) compared with young adult mice (3 months, possessing a mature immune system) to radiation-induced GI lethality. Age-dependent lethality was associated with higher levels of apoptotic stem cells in small intestinal crypts that correlated with sphingomyelinase activity, a source of pro-apoptotic ceramide. The objective of this study is to determine whether the cycling crypt base columnar cells (CBCs) in aging animals are specifically more sensitive to radiation effects than the CBCs in young adult mice, and to identify factors that contribute to increased radiosensitivity. Mortality induced by subtotal body radiation was assessed at different doses (13 Gy, 14 Gy, and 15 Gy) in young adult mice versus older mice. Each dose was evaluated for the occurrence of lethal GI syndrome. A higher death rate due to radiation-induced GI syndrome was observed in older mice as compared with young adult mice: 30 vs. 0% at 13 Gy, 90 vs. 40% at 14 Gy, and 100 vs. 60% at 15 Gy. Radiation-induced damage to crypts was determined by measuring crypt regeneration (H&E staining, Ki67 expression), CBC biomarkers (lgr5 and ascl2), premature senescence (SA-β-gal activity), and apoptosis of CBCs. At all three doses, crypt microcolony survival assays showed that the older mice had fewer regenerating crypts at 3.5 days post-radiation treatment. Furthermore, in the older animals, baseline CBCs numbers per circumference were significantly decreased, correlating with an elevated apoptotic index. Analysis of tissue damage showed an increased number of senescent CBCs per crypt circumference in older mice relative to younger mice, where the latter was not significantly affected by radiation treatment. It is concluded that enhanced sensitivity to radiation-induced GI syndrome and higher mortality in older mice can be attributed to a decreased capacity to regenerate crypts, presumably due to increased apoptosis and senescence of CBCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Herman C Kucharavy
- Department of Biology, The City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- CUNY Graduate Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Carla Hajj
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Liyang Zhao
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guoqiang Hua
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan Glass
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Phillip B Paty
- Department of Surgery Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zvi Fuks
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Kolesnick
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen Hubbard
- Department of Biology, The City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
- CUNY Graduate Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sharma GP, Himburg HA. Organ-Specific Endothelial Dysfunction Following Total Body Irradiation Exposure. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10120747. [PMID: 36548580 PMCID: PMC9781710 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10120747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
As the single cell lining of the heart and all blood vessels, the vascular endothelium serves a critical role in maintaining homeostasis via control of vascular tone, immune cell recruitment, and macromolecular transit. For victims of acute high-dose radiation exposure, damage to the vascular endothelium may exacerbate the pathogenesis of acute and delayed multi-organ radiation toxicities. While commonalities exist between radiation-induced endothelial dysfunction in radiosensitive organs, the vascular endothelium is known to be highly heterogeneous as it is required to serve tissue and organ specific roles. In keeping with its organ and tissue specific functionality, the molecular and cellular response of the endothelium to radiation injury varies by organ. Therefore, in the development of medical countermeasures for multi-organ injury, it is necessary to consider organ and tissue-specific endothelial responses to both injury and candidate mitigators. The purpose of this review is to summarize the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction following total or near total body irradiation exposure at the level of individual radiosensitive organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guru Prasad Sharma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Heather A. Himburg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(414)-955-4676
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bell BI, Vercellino J, Brodin NP, Velten C, Nanduri LSY, Nagesh PK, Tanaka KE, Fang Y, Wang Y, Macedo R, English J, Schumacher MM, Duddempudi PK, Asp P, Koba W, Shajahan S, Liu L, Tomé WA, Yang WL, Kolesnick R, Guha C. Orthovoltage X-Rays Exhibit Increased Efficacy Compared with γ-Rays in Preclinical Irradiation. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2678-2691. [PMID: 35919990 PMCID: PMC9354647 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Radionuclide irradiators (137Cs and 60Co) are commonly used in preclinical studies ranging from cancer therapy to stem cell biology. Amidst concerns of radiological terrorism, there are institutional initiatives to replace radionuclide sources with lower energy X-ray sources. As researchers transition, questions remain regarding whether the biological effects of γ-rays may be recapitulated with orthovoltage X-rays because different energies may induce divergent biological effects. We therefore sought to compare the effects of orthovoltage X-rays with 1-mm Cu or Thoraeus filtration and 137Cs γ-rays using mouse models of acute radiation syndrome. Following whole-body irradiation, 30-day overall survival was assessed, and the lethal dose to provoke 50% mortality within 30-days (LD50) was calculated by logistic regression. LD50 doses were 6.7 Gy, 7.4 Gy, and 8.1 Gy with 1-mm Cu-filtered X-rays, Thoraeus-filtered X-rays, and 137Cs γ-rays, respectively. Comparison of bone marrow, spleen, and intestinal tissue from mice irradiated with equivalent doses indicated that injury was most severe with 1-mm Cu-filtered X-rays, which resulted in the greatest reduction in bone marrow cellularity, hematopoietic stem and progenitor populations, intestinal crypts, and OLFM4+ intestinal stem cells. Thoraeus-filtered X-rays provoked an intermediate phenotype, with 137Cs showing the least damage. This study reveals a dichotomy between physical dose and biological effect as researchers transition to orthovoltage X-rays. With decreasing energy, there is increasing hematopoietic and intestinal injury, necessitating dose reduction to achieve comparable biological effects. SIGNIFICANCE Understanding the significance of physical dose delivered using energetically different methods of radiation treatment will aid the transition from radionuclide γ-irradiators to orthovoltage X-irradiators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brett I. Bell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Justin Vercellino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - N. Patrik Brodin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Christian Velten
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Prashanth K.B. Nagesh
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn E. Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yanan Fang
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yanhua Wang
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rodney Macedo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jeb English
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Michelle M. Schumacher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Patrik Asp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Wade Koba
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Shahin Shajahan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Laibin Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Wolfgang A. Tomé
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Weng-Lang Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Richard Kolesnick
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chandan Guha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cai S, Xie LW, Xu JY, Zhou H, Yang C, Tang LF, Tian Y, Li M. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) Modulates the Composition of the Gut Microbiota to Protect Against Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury in Mice. Front Oncol 2022; 12:848107. [PMID: 35480105 PMCID: PMC9036363 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.848107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The high radiosensitivity of the intestinal epithelium limits the outcomes of radiotherapy against abdominal malignancies, which results in poor prognosis. Currently, no effective prophylactic or therapeutic strategy is available to mitigate radiation toxicity in the intestine. Our previous study revealed that the green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) attenuates radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII). The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of EGCG on the intestinal flora of irradiated mice. EGCG administration reduced radiation-induced intestinal mucosal injury, and significantly increased the number of Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and Ki67+ crypt cells. In addition, EGCG reversed radiation-induced gut dysbiosis, restored the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria. Our findings provide novel insight into EGCG-mediated remission of RIII, revealing that EGCG could be a potential modulator of gut microbiota to prevent and treat RIII.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shang Cai
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li-Wei Xie
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia-Yu Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Nucleus Radiation-related Injury Treatment, Chinese People's Liberation Army Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Feng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ye Tian, ; Ming Li,
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ye Tian, ; Ming Li,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mast1 mediates radiation-induced gastric injury via the P38 MAPK pathway. Exp Cell Res 2021; 409:112913. [PMID: 34774870 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced gastric injury is a serious adverse effect and reduces the efficacy of radiotherapy treatment. However, the mechanisms underlying radiation-induced stomach injury remain unclear. Here, mouse stomach and gastric epithelial cells were irradiated with different doses of X-ray radiation. The results showed that radiation induced gastric injury in vivo and in vitro. Differentially expressed functional mRNAs in irradiation-induced gastric tissues were screened from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We found that the expression of microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase 1 (Mast1) was downregulated in mouse gastric tissues and gastric epithelial cells after irradiation. Furthermore, functional assays showed that knockdown of Mast1 inhibited growth and promoted apoptosis in gastric epithelial cells, while overexpression of Mast1 protected gastric epithelial cells from radiation damage. Mechanistically, Mast1 negatively regulated radiation-induced injury in gastric epithelial cells by inhibiting the activation of P38. The apoptosis caused by knockdown of Mast1 in gastric epithelial cells could be partially reversed by the P38 inhibitor SB203580. Moreover, data from several gastric cancer cell lines and online databases revealed that Mast1 was not involved in the development of gastric cancer. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that Mast1 is essential for radiation-induced gastric injury, providing a promising prognostic and therapeutic target.
Collapse
|
11
|
Singh VK, Seed TM, Cheema AK. Metabolomics-based predictive biomarkers of radiation injury and countermeasure efficacy: current status and future perspectives. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:641-654. [PMID: 34024238 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1933448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is an urgent need for specific and sensitive bioassays to augment biodosimetric assessments of unwanted and excessive radiation exposures that originate from unexpected nuclear/radiological events, including nuclear accidents, acts of terrorism, or the use of a radiological dispersal device. If sufficiently intense, such ionizing radiation exposures are likely to impact normal metabolic processes within the cells and organs of the body, thus inducing multifaceted biological responses. AREAS COVERED This review covers the application of metabolomics, an emerging and promising technology based on quantitative and qualitative determinations of small molecules in biological samples for the rapid assessment of an individual's exposure to ionizing radiation. Recent advancements in the analytics of high-resolution chromatography, mass spectrometry, and bioinformatics have led to untargeted (global) and targeted (quantitative phase) approaches to identify biomarkers of radiation injury and countermeasure efficacy. Biomarkers are deemed essential for both assessing the radiation exposure levels and for extrapolative processes involved in determining scaling factors of a given radiation countering medicinal between experimental animals and humans. EXPERT OPINION The discipline of metabolomics appears to be highly informative in assessing radiation exposure levels and for identifying biomarkers of radiation injury and countermeasure efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Singh
- Division of Radioprotectants,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Serices University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Amrita K Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bene BJ, Blakely WF, Burmeister DM, Cary L, Chhetri SJ, Davis CM, Ghosh SP, Holmes-Hampton GP, Iordanskiy S, Kalinich JF, Kiang JG, Kumar VP, Lowy RJ, Miller A, Naeem M, Schauer DA, Senchak L, Singh VK, Stewart AJ, Velazquez EM, Xiao M. Celebrating 60 Years of Accomplishments of the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute1. Radiat Res 2021; 196:129-146. [PMID: 33979439 DOI: 10.1667/21-00064.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Chartered by the U.S. Congress in 1961, the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI) is a Joint Department of Defense (DoD) entity with the mission of carrying out the Medical Radiological Defense Research Program in support of our military forces around the globe. In the last 60 years, the investigators at AFRRI have conducted exploratory and developmental research with broad application to the field of radiation sciences. As the only DoD facility dedicated to radiation research, AFRRI's Medical Radiobiology Advisory Team provides deployable medical and radiobiological subject matter expertise, advising commanders in the response to a U.S. nuclear weapon incident and other nuclear or radiological material incidents. AFRRI received the DoD Joint Meritorious Unit Award on February 17, 2004, for its exceptionally meritorious achievements from September 11, 2001 to June 20, 2003, in response to acts of terrorism and nuclear/radiological threats at home and abroad. In August 2009, the American Nuclear Society designated the institute a nuclear historic landmark as the U.S.'s primary source of medical nuclear and radiological research, preparedness and training. Since then, research has continued, and core areas of study include prevention, assessment and treatment of radiological injuries that may occur from exposure to a wide range of doses (low to high). AFRRI collaborates with other government entities, academic institutions, civilian laboratories and other countries to research the biological effects of ionizing radiation. Notable early research contributions were the establishment of dose limits for major acute radiation syndromes in primates, applicable to human exposures, followed by the subsequent evolution of radiobiology concepts, particularly the importance of immune collapse and combined injury. In this century, the program has been essential in the development and validation of prophylactic and therapeutic drugs, such as Amifostine, Neupogen®, Neulasta®, Nplate® and Leukine®, all of which are used to prevent and treat radiation injuries. Moreover, AFRRI has helped develop rapid, high-precision, biodosimetry tools ranging from novel assays to software decision support. New drug candidates and biological dose assessment technologies are currently being developed. Such efforts are supported by unique and unmatched radiation sources and generators that allow for comprehensive analyses across the various types and qualities of radiation. These include but are not limited to both 60Co facilities, a TRIGA® reactor providing variable mixed neutron and γ-ray fields, a clinical linear accelerator, and a small animal radiation research platform with low-energy photons. There are five major research areas at AFRRI that encompass the prevention, assessment and treatment of injuries resulting from the effects of ionizing radiation: 1. biodosimetry; 2. low-level and low-dose-rate radiation; 3. internal contamination and metal toxicity; 4. radiation combined injury; and 5. radiation medical countermeasures. These research areas are bolstered by an educational component to broadcast and increase awareness of the medical effects of ionizing radiation, in the mass-casualty scenario after a nuclear detonation or radiological accidents. This work provides a description of the military medical operations as well as the radiation facilities and capabilities present at AFRRI, followed by a review and discussion of each of the research areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lynnette Cary
- Scientific Research Department.,Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Catherine M Davis
- Scientific Research Department.,Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sanchita P Ghosh
- Scientific Research Department.,Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gregory P Holmes-Hampton
- Scientific Research Department.,Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sergey Iordanskiy
- Scientific Research Department.,Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Juliann G Kiang
- Scientific Research Department.,Medicine.,Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | - David A Schauer
- Radiation Sciences Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Vijay K Singh
- Scientific Research Department.,Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|