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Paramore SV, Goodwin K, Fowler EW, Devenport D, Nelson CM. Mesenchymal Vangl1 and Vangl2 facilitate airway elongation and widening independently of the planar cell polarity complex. Development 2024; 151:dev202692. [PMID: 39225402 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Adult mammalian lungs exhibit a fractal pattern, as each successive generation of airways is a fraction of the size of the parental branch. Achieving this structure likely requires precise control of airway length and diameter, as the embryonic airways initially lack the fractal scaling observed in the adult. In monolayers and tubes, directional growth can be regulated by the planar cell polarity (PCP) complex. Here, we characterized the roles of PCP complex components in airway initiation, elongation and widening during branching morphogenesis of the lung. Using tissue-specific knockout mice, we surprisingly found that branching morphogenesis proceeds independently of PCP complex function in the lung epithelium. Instead, we found a previously unreported Celsr1-independent role for the PCP complex components Vangl1 and Vangl2 in the pulmonary mesenchyme, where they are required for branch initiation, elongation and widening. Our data thus reveal an explicit function for Vangl1 and Vangl2 that is independent of the core PCP complex, suggesting a functional diversification of PCP complex components in vertebrate development. These data also reveal an essential role for the embryonic mesenchyme in generating the fractal structure of airways in the mature lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah V Paramore
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Katharine Goodwin
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Eric W Fowler
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Danelle Devenport
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Celeste M Nelson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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2
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Luo W, Fu X, Huang H, Wu P, Wang Y, Liu Z, He S, Pang L, Ren D, Cui Y. Planar Cell Polarity in the Multiciliated Epithelial Lining of the Mouse Eustachian Tube. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:3795-3801. [PMID: 38613460 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling, essential for uniform alignment and directional beating of motile cilia, has been investigated in multiciliated epithelia. As a complex structure connecting the middle ear to the nasopharynx, the eustachian tube (ET) is important in the onset of ear-nose-throat diseases. However, PCP signaling, including the orientation that is important for ciliary motility and clearance function in the ET, has not been studied. We evaluated PCP in the ET epithelium. STUDY DESIGN Morphometric examination of the mouse ET. METHODS We performed electron microscopy to assess ciliary polarity in the mouse ET, along with immunohistochemical analysis of PCP protein localization in the ET epithelium. RESULTS We discovered PCP in the ET epithelium. Motile cilia were aligned in the same direction in individual and neighboring cells; this alignment manifested as ciliary polarity in multiciliated cells. Additionally, PCP proteins were asymmetrically localized between adjacent cells in the plane of the ET. CONCLUSIONS The multiciliated ET epithelium exhibits polarization, suggesting novel structural features that may be critical for ET function. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 134:3795-3801, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Fu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongming Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peina Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang E.N.T hospital & Institute of E.N.T, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shiqi He
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limin Pang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Ren
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Paramore SV, Trenado-Yuste C, Sharan R, Nelson CM, Devenport D. Vangl-dependent mesenchymal thinning shapes the distal lung during murine sacculation. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1302-1316.e5. [PMID: 38569553 PMCID: PMC11111357 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The planar cell polarity (PCP) complex is speculated to function in murine lung development, where branching morphogenesis generates an epithelial tree whose distal tips expand dramatically during sacculation. Here, we show that PCP is dispensable in the airway epithelium for sacculation. Rather, we find a Celsr1-independent role for the PCP component Vangl in the pulmonary mesenchyme: loss of Vangl1/2 inhibits mesenchymal thinning and expansion of the saccular epithelium. Further, loss of mesenchymal Wnt5a mimics sacculation defects observed in Vangl2-mutant lungs, implicating mesenchymal Wnt5a/Vangl signaling as a key regulator of late lung morphogenesis. A computational model predicts that sacculation requires a fluid mesenchymal compartment. Lineage-tracing and cell-shape analyses are consistent with the mesenchyme acting as a fluid tissue, suggesting that loss of Vangl1/2 impacts the ability of mesenchymal cells to exchange neighbors. Our data thus identify an explicit function for Vangl and the pulmonary mesenchyme in actively shaping the saccular epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah V Paramore
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Carolina Trenado-Yuste
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Rishabh Sharan
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Celeste M Nelson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Danelle Devenport
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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4
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Ghosh M, Vladar EK. Extensive airway remodelling in severe COPD imparts resiliency to environmental stressors. Thorax 2024; 79:491-492. [PMID: 38575315 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2024-221410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Thoracic Oncology Research Initiative, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Eszter K Vladar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Faley SL, Boghdeh NA, Schaffer DK, Spivey EC, Alem F, Narayanan A, Wikswo JP, Brown JA. Gravity-perfused airway-on-a-chip optimized for quantitative BSL-3 studies of SARS-CoV-2 infection: barrier permeability, cytokine production, immunohistochemistry, and viral load assays. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1794-1807. [PMID: 38362777 PMCID: PMC10929697 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00894k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Human microphysiological systems, such as organs on chips, are an emerging technology for modeling human physiology in a preclinical setting to understand the mechanism of action of drugs, to evaluate the efficacy of treatment options for human disease and impairment, and to assess drug toxicity. By using human cells co-cultured in three-dimensional constructs, organ chips can provide greater fidelity to the human cellular condition than their two-dimensional predecessors. However, with the rise of SARS-CoV-2 and the global COVID-19 pandemic, it became clear that many microphysiological systems were not compatible with or optimized for studies of infectious disease and operation in a Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) environment. Given that one of the early sites of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the airway, we created a human airway organ chip that could operate in a BSL-3 space with high throughput and minimal manipulation, while retaining the necessary physical and physiological components to recapitulate tissue response to infectious agents and the immune response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L Faley
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
| | - Niloufar A Boghdeh
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Institute of Biohealth Innovation, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - David K Schaffer
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Eric C Spivey
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
| | - Farhang Alem
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Institute of Biohealth Innovation, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Aarthi Narayanan
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Institute of Biohealth Innovation, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
- College of Science, Department of Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - John P Wikswo
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jacquelyn A Brown
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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Nguyen TN, Koga Y, Wakasugi T, Kitamura T, Suzuki H. Nasal polyps show decreased mucociliary transport despite vigorous ciliary beating. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 90:101377. [PMID: 38232516 PMCID: PMC10827508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2023.101377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mucociliary transport function in the airway mucosa is essential for maintaining a clean mucosal surface. This function is impaired in upper and lower airway diseases. Nasal polyps are a noticeable pathological feature that develop in some of the patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Like ordinary nasal mucosae, nasal polyps have a ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with vigorous ciliary beating. We measured ex vivo Mucociliary Transport Velocity (MCTV) and Ciliary Beat Frequency (CBF) and explored the expressions of Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) proteins in nasal polyps in comparison with turbinate mucosae. METHODS Inferior turbinates and nasal polyps were surgically collected from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Ex vivo MCTV and CBF were measured using a high-speed digital imaging system. Expressions of PCP proteins were explored by fluorescence immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS The MCTV of nasal polyps was significantly lower than that of the turbinates (7.43 ± 2.01 vs. 14.56 ± 2.09 μm/s; p = 0.0361), whereas CBF did not differ between the two tissues. The MCTV vector was pointed to the posteroinferior direction in all turbinates with an average inclination angle of 41.0 degrees. Immunohistochemical expressions of Dishevelled-1, Dishevelled-3, Frizzled3, Frizzled6, Prickle2 and Vangl2 were lower in the nasal polyps than in the turbinates. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that Frizzled3 was localized along the cell junction on the apical surface. The expression levels of mRNAs for Dishevelled-1, Dishevelled-3 and Frizzled3 in the nasal polyps were also decreased in comparison with the turbinates. CONCLUSION These results indicate that muco ciliary transport in nasal polyps is impaired although vigorous ciliary beating is maintained, and that the impairment may be caused by a decrease in Dishevelled/Frizzled proteins and resultant PCP disarrangement. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Nga Nguyen
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kitakyushu, Japan; Vinh Medical University, Faculty of Public Health, Vinh City, Vietnam
| | - Yuma Koga
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Wakasugi
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Takuro Kitamura
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hideaki Suzuki
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kitakyushu, Japan.
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7
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Wesselman HM, Arceri L, Nguyen TK, Lara CM, Wingert RA. Genetic mechanisms of multiciliated cell development: from fate choice to differentiation in zebrafish and other models. FEBS J 2023. [PMID: 37997009 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Multiciliated cells (MCCS) form bundles of cilia and their activities are essential for the proper development and physiology of many organ systems. Not surprisingly, defects in MCCs have profound consequences and are associated with numerous disease states. Here, we discuss the current understanding of MCC formation, with a special focus on the genetic and molecular mechanisms of MCC fate choice and differentiation. Furthermore, we cast a spotlight on the use of zebrafish to study MCC ontogeny and several recent advances made in understanding MCCs using this vertebrate model to delineate mechanisms of MCC emergence in the developing kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liana Arceri
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Thanh Khoa Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Caroline M Lara
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Rebecca A Wingert
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, IN, USA
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8
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Oyagi S, Nakamura R, Katsuno T, Sogami T, Kawai Y, Kishimoto Y, Omori K. Local coordination of epithelial planar polarity in the maintenance and regeneration of the adult rat airway. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 394:163-175. [PMID: 37460682 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03809-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of planar polarity in airway multiciliated cells (MCCs) has been poorly characterized. We recently reported that the direction of ciliary beating in a surgically inverted tracheal segment remained inverted beyond the time required for the turnover of cells, without adjustment to global distal-to-proximal polarity. We hypothesized that the local maintenance of tissue-level polarity occurs via locally reproduced cells. To provide further insight regarding this hypothetical property, we performed allotransplantation of an inverted tracheal segment between wild-type (donor) and tdTomato-expressing (host) rats, with and without scratching the mucosa of the transplants. The origin of cells in the transplants was assessed using tdTomato-specific immunostaining. Ciliary movement and structures were observed by high-speed video and electron microscopy to analyze MCC orientations. Variabilities in the orientations of closely and distantly located MCCs were analyzed to evaluate the local- and broad-scale coordination of polarity, respectively. The epithelium was maintained by donor-derived cells in the non-scratched inverted transplant over 6 months, beyond one cycle of turnover. The inverted orientation of MCCs was also maintained throughout the non-scratched transplant. MCCs regenerated in the scratched transplant were derived from the host and exhibited diverse orientations across the transplant. However, the orientations of adjacent regenerated MCCs were often coordinated, indicating that airway MCCs can locally coordinate their orientations. A steady-state airway may maintain MCC orientation by locally reproducing MCCs via the local coordination of polarity. This local coordination enables the formation and maintenance of tissue-level polarity in small regions after mucosal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Oyagi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Min-iren Chuo Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nakamura
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Tatsuya Katsuno
- Center of Anatomical, Pathological and Forensic Medical Researches, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tohru Sogami
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, SOSEIKAI hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kawai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Yo Kishimoto
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Koichi Omori
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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9
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Varenyiova Z, Rojas-Hernandez LS, Spano J, Capek V, Rosenberg-Hasson Y, Holmes T, Milla C. Azithromycin promotes proliferation, and inhibits inflammation in nasal epithelial cells in primary ciliary dyskinesia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14453. [PMID: 37660113 PMCID: PMC10475097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetic disorder associated with recurrent and chronic respiratory infections due to functional defects of motile cilia. In this study, we aimed to elucidate inflammatory and proliferative responses in PCD respiratory epithelium and evaluate the effect of Azithromycin (AZT) on these responses. Airway basal cells (BCs) were isolated from nasal samples of Wild-type (WT) epitope of healthy donors and PCD donors with bi-allelic mutations in DNAH5, DNAH11 and CCDC39. Cells were expanded in vitro and stimulated with either Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or vehicle control. Post stimulation, cells were treated with either Azithromycin (AZT) or vehicle control. Cell proliferation was imaged in real-time. Separately, BCs from the same donors were expanded and grown at an air-liquid interface (ALI) to generate a multi-ciliated epithelium (MCE). Once fully mature, cells were stimulated with LPS, AZT, LPS + AZT or vehicle control. Inflammatory profiling was performed on collected media by cytokine Luminex assay. At baseline, there was a significantly higher mean production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by CCDC39 BCs and MCEs when compared to WT, DNAH11 and DNAH5 cells. AZT inhibited production of cytokines induced by LPS in PCD cells. Differences in cell proliferation were noted in PCD and this was also corrected with AZT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Varenyiova
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Jacquelyn Spano
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Vaclav Capek
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Tyson Holmes
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Milla
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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10
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Cooney RA, Saal ML, Geraci KP, Maynard C, Cleaver O, Hoang ON, Moore TT, Hwang RF, Axelrod JD, Vladar EK. A WNT4- and DKK3-driven canonical to noncanonical Wnt signaling switch controls multiciliogenesis. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260807. [PMID: 37505110 PMCID: PMC10482387 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiciliated cells contain hundreds of cilia whose directional movement powers the mucociliary clearance of the airways, a vital host defense mechanism. Multiciliated cell specification requires canonical Wnt signaling, which then must be turned off. Next, ciliogenesis and polarized ciliary orientation are regulated by noncanonical Wnt/planar cell polarity (Wnt/PCP) signaling. The mechanistic relationship between the Wnt pathways is unknown. We show that DKK3, a secreted canonical Wnt regulator and WNT4, a noncanonical Wnt ligand act together to facilitate a canonical to noncanonical Wnt signaling switch during multiciliated cell formation. In primary human airway epithelial cells, DKK3 and WNT4 CRISPR knockout blocks, whereas ectopic expression promotes, multiciliated cell formation by inhibiting canonical Wnt signaling. Wnt4 and Dkk3 single-knockout mice also display defective ciliated cells. DKK3 and WNT4 are co-secreted from basal stem cells and act directly on multiciliated cells via KREMEN1 and FZD6, respectively. We provide a novel mechanism that links specification to cilium biogenesis and polarization for proper multiciliated cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley A. Cooney
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Maxwell L. Saal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kara P. Geraci
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Caitlin Maynard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Oanh N. Hoang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Todd T. Moore
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rosa F. Hwang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Axelrod
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94035, USA
| | - Eszter K. Vladar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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11
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Nawroth JC, Roth D, van Schadewijk A, Ravi A, Maulana TI, Senger CN, van Riet S, Ninaber DK, de Waal AM, Kraft D, Hiemstra PS, Ryan AL, van der Does AM. Breathing on chip: Dynamic flow and stretch accelerate mucociliary maturation of airway epithelium in vitro. Mater Today Bio 2023; 21:100713. [PMID: 37455819 PMCID: PMC10339259 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human lung function is intricately linked to blood flow and breathing cycles, but it remains unknown how these dynamic cues shape human airway epithelial biology. Here we report a state-of-the-art protocol for studying the effects of dynamic medium and airflow as well as stretch on human primary airway epithelial cell differentiation and maturation, including mucociliary clearance, using an organ-on-chip device. Perfused epithelial cell cultures displayed accelerated maturation and polarization of mucociliary clearance, and changes in specific cell-types when compared to traditional (static) culture methods. Additional application of airflow and stretch to the airway chip resulted in an increase in polarization of mucociliary clearance towards the applied flow, reduced baseline secretion of interleukin-8 and other inflammatory proteins, and reduced gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9, fibronectin, and other extracellular matrix factors. These results indicate that breathing-like mechanical stimuli are important modulators of airway epithelial cell differentiation and maturation and that their fine-tuned application could generate models of specific epithelial pathologies, including mucociliary (dys)function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna C. Nawroth
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Emulate Inc., Boston, MA, USA
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus and Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Annemarie van Schadewijk
- PulmoScience Lab, Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Abilash Ravi
- PulmoScience Lab, Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Christiana N. Senger
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sander van Riet
- PulmoScience Lab, Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis K. Ninaber
- PulmoScience Lab, Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Amy M. de Waal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dorothea Kraft
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus and Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pieter S. Hiemstra
- PulmoScience Lab, Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Amy L. Ryan
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anne M. van der Does
- PulmoScience Lab, Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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12
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Paramore SV, Goodwin K, Devenport D, Nelson CM. Mesenchymal Vangl facilitates airway elongation and widening independently of the planar cell polarity complex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.03.547543. [PMID: 37461477 PMCID: PMC10349956 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.03.547543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of mammalian lungs is the fractal nature of the bronchial tree. In the adult, each successive generation of airways is a fraction of the size of the parental branch. This fractal structure is physiologically beneficial, as it minimizes the energy needed for breathing. Achieving this pattern likely requires precise control of airway length and diameter, as the branches of the embryonic airways initially lack the fractal scaling observed in those of the adult lung. In epithelial monolayers and tubes, directional growth can be regulated by the planar cell polarity (PCP) complex. Here, we comprehensively characterized the roles of PCP-complex components in airway initiation, elongation, and widening during branching morphogenesis of the murine lung. Using tissue-specific knockout mice, we surprisingly found that branching morphogenesis proceeds independently of PCP-component expression in the developing airway epithelium. Instead, we found a novel, Celsr1-independent role for the PCP component Vangl in the pulmonary mesenchyme. Specifically, mesenchymal loss of Vangl1/2 leads to defects in branch initiation, elongation, and widening. At the cellular level, we observe changes in the shape of smooth muscle cells that indicate a potential defect in collective mesenchymal rearrangements, which we hypothesize are necessary for lung morphogenesis. Our data thus reveal an explicit function for Vangl that is independent of the core PCP complex, suggesting a functional diversification of PCP components in vertebrate development. These data also reveal an essential role for the embryonic mesenchyme in generating the fractal structure of airways of the mature lung.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Celeste M Nelson
- Department of Molecular Biology
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering
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13
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Chen J, Mir M, Hudock MR, Pinezich MR, Chen P, Bacchetta M, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Kim J. Opto-electromechanical quantification of epithelial barrier function in injured and healthy airway tissues. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:016104. [PMID: 36644417 PMCID: PMC9836726 DOI: 10.1063/5.0123127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium lining the luminal surface of the respiratory tract creates a protective barrier that ensures maintenance of tissue homeostasis and prevention of respiratory diseases. The airway epithelium, unfortunately, is frequently injured by inhaled toxic materials, trauma, or medical procedures. Substantial or repeated airway epithelial injury can lead to dysregulated intrinsic repair pathways and aberrant tissue remodeling that can lead to dysfunctional airway epithelium. While disruption in the epithelial integrity is directly linked to degraded epithelial barrier function, the correlation between the structure and function of the airway epithelium remains elusive. In this study, we quantified the impact of acutely induced airway epithelium injury on disruption of the epithelial barrier functions. By monitoring alternation of the flow motions and tissue bioimpedance at local injury site, degradation of the epithelial functions, including mucociliary clearance and tight/adherens junction formation, were accurately determined with a high spatiotemporal resolution. Computational models that can simulate and predict the disruption of the mucociliary flow and airway tissue bioimpedance have been generated to assist interpretation of the experimental results. Collectively, findings of this study advance our knowledge of the structure-function relationships of the airway epithelium that can promote development of efficient and accurate diagnosis of airway tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, USA
| | - Mohammad Mir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, USA
| | - Maria R. Hudock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Meghan R. Pinezich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jinho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, USA
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14
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Shi DL. Planar cell polarity regulators in asymmetric organogenesis during development and disease. J Genet Genomics 2023; 50:63-76. [PMID: 35809777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The phenomenon of planar cell polarity is critically required for a myriad of morphogenetic processes in metazoan and is accurately controlled by several conserved modules. Six "core" proteins, including Frizzled, Flamingo (Celsr), Van Gogh (Vangl), Dishevelled, Prickle, and Diego (Ankrd6), are major components of the Wnt/planar cell polarity pathway. The Fat/Dchs protocadherins and the Scrib polarity complex also function to instruct cellular polarization. In vertebrates, all these pathways are essential for tissue and organ morphogenesis, such as neural tube closure, left-right symmetry breaking, heart and gut morphogenesis, lung and kidney branching, stereociliary bundle orientation, and proximal-distal limb elongation. Mutations in planar polarity genes are closely linked to various congenital diseases. Striking advances have been made in deciphering their contribution to the establishment of spatially oriented pattern in developing organs and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. The challenge remains to clarify the complex interplay of different polarity pathways in organogenesis and the link of cell polarity to cell fate specification. Interdisciplinary approaches are also important to understand the roles of mechanical forces in coupling cellular polarization and differentiation. This review outlines current advances on planar polarity regulators in asymmetric organ formation, with the aim to identify questions that deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Li Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China; Laboratory of Developmental Biology, CNRS-UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France.
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15
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Wu CT, Lidsky PV, Xiao Y, Cheng R, Lee IT, Nakayama T, Jiang S, He W, Demeter J, Knight MG, Turn RE, Rojas-Hernandez LS, Ye C, Chiem K, Shon J, Martinez-Sobrido L, Bertozzi CR, Nolan GP, Nayak JV, Milla C, Andino R, Jackson PK. SARS-CoV-2 replication in airway epithelia requires motile cilia and microvillar reprogramming. Cell 2023; 186:112-130.e20. [PMID: 36580912 PMCID: PMC9715480 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
How SARS-CoV-2 penetrates the airway barrier of mucus and periciliary mucins to infect nasal epithelium remains unclear. Using primary nasal epithelial organoid cultures, we found that the virus attaches to motile cilia via the ACE2 receptor. SARS-CoV-2 traverses the mucus layer, using motile cilia as tracks to access the cell body. Depleting cilia blocks infection for SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses. SARS-CoV-2 progeny attach to airway microvilli 24 h post-infection and trigger formation of apically extended and highly branched microvilli that organize viral egress from the microvilli back into the mucus layer, supporting a model of virus dispersion throughout airway tissue via mucociliary transport. Phosphoproteomics and kinase inhibition reveal that microvillar remodeling is regulated by p21-activated kinases (PAK). Importantly, Omicron variants bind with higher affinity to motile cilia and show accelerated viral entry. Our work suggests that motile cilia, microvilli, and mucociliary-dependent mucus flow are critical for efficient virus replication in nasal epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ting Wu
- Baxter Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Center for Clinical Sciences Research, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peter V Lidsky
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, Room S572E, Box 2280, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yinghong Xiao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, Room S572E, Box 2280, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ran Cheng
- Baxter Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Center for Clinical Sciences Research, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ivan T Lee
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tsuguhisa Nakayama
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sizun Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wei He
- Baxter Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Center for Clinical Sciences Research, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Janos Demeter
- Baxter Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Center for Clinical Sciences Research, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Miguel G Knight
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, Room S572E, Box 2280, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rachel E Turn
- Baxter Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Center for Clinical Sciences Research, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laura S Rojas-Hernandez
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chengjin Ye
- Disease Intervention and Prevention and Population Health Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kevin Chiem
- Disease Intervention and Prevention and Population Health Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Judy Shon
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Luis Martinez-Sobrido
- Disease Intervention and Prevention and Population Health Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Garry P Nolan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jayakar V Nayak
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Milla
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Raul Andino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, Room S572E, Box 2280, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Peter K Jackson
- Baxter Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Center for Clinical Sciences Research, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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16
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Tilston-Lunel AM, Varelas X. Polarity in respiratory development, homeostasis and disease. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 154:285-315. [PMID: 37100521 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The respiratory system is composed of a multitude of cells that organize to form complex branched airways that end in alveoli, which respectively function to guide air flow and mediate gas exchange with the bloodstream. The organization of the respiratory sytem relies on distinct forms of cell polarity, which guide lung morphogenesis and patterning in development and provide homeostatic barrier protection from microbes and toxins. The stability of lung alveoli, the luminal secretion of surfactants and mucus in the airways, and the coordinated motion of multiciliated cells that generate proximal fluid flow, are all critical functions regulated by cell polarity, with defects in polarity contributing to respiratory disease etiology. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of cell polarity in lung development and homeostasis, highlighting key roles for polarity in alveolar and airway epithelial function and outlining relationships with microbial infections and diseases, such as cancer.
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17
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Kunimoto K, Weiner AT, Axelrod JD, Vladar EK. Distinct overlapping functions for Prickle1 and Prickle2 in the polarization of the airway epithelium. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:976182. [PMID: 36176272 PMCID: PMC9513604 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.976182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling polarizes cells within the plane of an epithelium. In the airways, planar cell polarity signaling orients the directional beating of motile cilia required for effective mucociliary clearance. The planar cell polarity signaling mechanism is best understood from work in Drosophila, where it has been shown to both coordinate the axis of polarity between cells and to direct the morphological manifestations of polarization within cells. The ‘core’ planar cell polarity signaling mechanism comprises two protein complexes that segregate to opposite sides of each cell and interact with the opposite complex in neighboring cells. Proper subcellular localization of core planar cell polarity proteins correlates with, and is almost certainly responsible for, their ability to direct polarization. This mechanism is highly conserved from Drosophila to vertebrates, though for most of the core genes, mammals have multiple paralogs whereas Drosophila has only one. In the mouse airway epithelium, the core protein Prickle2 segregates asymmetrically, as is characteristic for core proteins, but is only present in multiciliated cells and is absent from other cell types. Furthermore, Prickle2 mutant mice show only modest ciliary polarity defects. These observations suggest that other Prickle paralogs might contribute to polarization. Here, we show that Prickle1 segregates asymmetrically in multiciliated and nonciliated airway epithelial cell types, that compared to Prickle2, Prickle1 has different spatial and temporal expression dynamics and a stronger ciliary polarity phenotype, and that Prickle1 and Prickle2 mutants genetically interact. We propose distinct and partially overlapping functions for the Prickle paralogs in polarization of the airway epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koshi Kunimoto
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Alexis T. Weiner
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey D. Axelrod
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Eszter K. Vladar
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
- *Correspondence: Eszter K. Vladar,
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18
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Guo K, Barrett BS, Morrison JH, Mickens KL, Vladar EK, Hasenkrug KJ, Poeschla EM, Santiago ML. Interferon resistance of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203760119. [PMID: 35867811 PMCID: PMC9371743 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203760119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with enhanced transmissibility, pathogenesis, and resistance to vaccines presents urgent challenges for curbing the COVID-19 pandemic. While Spike mutations that enhance virus infectivity or neutralizing antibody evasion may drive the emergence of these novel variants, studies documenting a critical role for interferon responses in the early control of SARS-CoV-2 infection, combined with the presence of viral genes that limit these responses, suggest that interferons may also influence SARS-CoV-2 evolution. Here, we compared the potency of 17 different human interferons against multiple viral lineages sampled during the course of the global outbreak, including ancestral and five major variants of concern that include the B.1.1.7 (alpha), B.1.351 (beta), P.1 (gamma), B.1.617.2 (delta), and B.1.1.529 (omicron) lineages. Our data reveal that relative to ancestral isolates, SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern exhibited increased interferon resistance, suggesting that evasion of innate immunity may be a significant, ongoing driving force for SARS-CoV-2 evolution. These findings have implications for the increased transmissibility and/or lethality of emerging variants and highlight the interferon subtypes that may be most successful in the treatment of early infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejun Guo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Bradley S. Barrett
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - James H. Morrison
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Kaylee L. Mickens
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Eszter K. Vladar
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Kim J. Hasenkrug
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840
| | - Eric M. Poeschla
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Mario L. Santiago
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
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19
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Kim E, Mathai SK, Stancil IT, Ma X, Hernandez-Gutierrez A, Becerra JN, Marrero-Torres E, Hennessy CE, Hatakka K, Wartchow EP, Estrella A, Huber JP, Cardwell JH, Burnham EL, Zhang Y, Evans CM, Vladar EK, Schwartz DA, Dobrinskikh E, Yang IV. Aberrant Multiciliogenesis in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:188-200. [PMID: 35608953 PMCID: PMC9348560 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0554oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified a novel molecular subtype of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) defined by increased expression of cilium-associated genes, airway mucin gene MUC5B, and KRT5 marker of basal cell airway progenitors. Here we show the association of MUC5B and cilia gene expression in human IPF airway epithelial cells, providing further rationale for examining the role of cilium genes in the pathogenesis of IPF. We demonstrate increased multiciliogenesis and changes in motile cilia structure of multiciliated cells both in IPF and bleomycin lung fibrosis models. Importantly, conditional deletion of a cilium gene, Ift88 (intraflagellar transport 88), in Krt5 basal cells reduces Krt5 pod formation and lung fibrosis, whereas no changes are observed in Ift88 conditional deletion in club cell progenitors. Our findings indicate that aberrant injury-activated primary ciliogenesis and Hedgehog signaling may play a causative role in Krt5 pod formation, which leads to aberrant multiciliogenesis and lung fibrosis. This implies that modulating cilium gene expression in Krt5 cell progenitors is a potential therapeutic target for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjoo Kim
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and
| | | | | | - Xiaoqian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | | | | | - Emilette Marrero-Torres
- Department of Medicine-M.D. Program, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, Puerto Rico
| | | | | | - Eric P. Wartchow
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | | | | | | | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | | | | | | | - Evgenia Dobrinskikh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ivana V. Yang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado
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20
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Mesdjian O, Wang C, Gsell S, D'Ortona U, Favier J, Viallat A, Loiseau E. Longitudinal to Transverse Metachronal Wave Transitions in an In Vitro Model of Ciliated Bronchial Epithelium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:038101. [PMID: 35905353 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.038101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Myriads of cilia beat on ciliated epithelia, which are ubiquitous in life. When ciliary beats are synchronized, metachronal waves emerge, whose direction of propagation depends on the living system in an unexplained way. We show on a reconstructed human bronchial epithelium in vitro that the direction of propagation is determined by the ability of mucus to be transported at the epithelial surface. Numerical simulations show that longitudinal waves maximize the transport of mucus while transverse waves, observed when the mucus is rigid and still, minimize the energy dissipated by the cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Mesdjian
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, CINAM, Turing Centre for Living Systems, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Chenglei Wang
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille M2P2, France
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Simon Gsell
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille M2P2, France
| | | | - Julien Favier
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille M2P2, France
| | - Annie Viallat
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, CINAM, Turing Centre for Living Systems, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Etienne Loiseau
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, CINAM, Turing Centre for Living Systems, 13009 Marseille, France
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21
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Heinzelmann K, Hu Q, Hu Y, Dobrinskikh E, Ansari M, Melo-Narváez MC, Ulke HM, Leavitt C, Mirita C, Trudeau T, Saal ML, Rice P, Gao B, Janssen WJ, Yang IV, Schiller HB, Vladar EK, Lehmann M, Königshoff M. Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies G-protein coupled receptor 87 as a basal cell marker expressed in distal honeycomb cysts in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2022; 59:2102373. [PMID: 35604813 PMCID: PMC9203838 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02373-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating and life-threatening lung disease characterised by epithelial reprogramming and increased extracellular matrix deposition leading to loss of lung function. Prominent histopathological structures in the distal IPF lung include honeycomb cysts in the alveolar space [1]. These are heterogeneous bronchiolised areas that feature clusters of simple epithelium with keratin (KRT)5+ basal-like cells interspersed with pseudostratified epithelium containing differentiated, hyperplastic epithelial cells, as well as aberrant ciliated cells [2–5]. Recent single-cell RNA sequencing studies of whole lungs from IPF and donor tissue revealed cellular subtypes unique to IPF, including basaloid KRT5−/KRT17+ cells present in the distal lung [6–10]. Bronchiolisation and honeycombing are features of IPF. ScRNA sequencing identified GPR87 as a novel marker of basal cells in IPF, enriched in honeycomb cysts. GPR87 overexpression resulted in aberrant airway cell differentiation. https://bit.ly/3i4dXeT
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Heinzelmann
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- K. Heinzelmann and Q. Hu contributed equally
| | - Qianjiang Hu
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- K. Heinzelmann and Q. Hu contributed equally
| | - Yan Hu
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Evgenia Dobrinskikh
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Meshal Ansari
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - M Camila Melo-Narváez
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Henrik M Ulke
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Colton Leavitt
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Carol Mirita
- Eastern Colorado VA Healthcare System, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tammy Trudeau
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Maxwell L Saal
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Pamela Rice
- Eastern Colorado VA Healthcare System, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Bifeng Gao
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - William J Janssen
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Ivana V Yang
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Herbert B Schiller
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Eszter K Vladar
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Dept of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mareike Lehmann
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
- M. Lehmann and M. Königshoff contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- M. Lehmann and M. Königshoff contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
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22
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Bai X, Buckle AM, Vladar EK, Janoff EN, Khare R, Ordway D, Beckham D, Fornis LB, Majluf-Cruz A, Fugit RV, Freed BM, Kim S, Sandhaus RA, Chan ED. Enoxaparin augments alpha-1-antitrypsin inhibition of TMPRSS2, a promising drug combination against COVID-19. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5207. [PMID: 35338216 PMCID: PMC8953970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09133-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell surface serine protease Transmembrane Protease 2 (TMPRSS2) is required to cleave the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 for viral entry into cells. We determined whether negatively-charged heparin enhanced TMPRSS2 inhibition by alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT). TMPRSS2 activity was determined in HEK293T cells overexpressing TMPRSS2. We quantified infection of primary human airway epithelial cells (hAEc) with human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) by immunostaining for the nucleocapsid protein and by the plaque assay. Detailed molecular modeling was undertaken with the heparin-TMPRSS2-AAT ternary complex. Enoxaparin enhanced AAT inhibition of both TMPRSS2 activity and infection of hAEc with HCoV-229E. Underlying these findings, detailed molecular modeling revealed that: (i) the reactive center loop of AAT adopts an inhibitory-competent conformation compared with the crystal structure of TMPRSS2 bound to an exogenous (nafamostat) or endogenous (HAI-2) TMPRSS2 inhibitor and (ii) negatively-charged heparin bridges adjacent electropositive patches at the TMPRSS2-AAT interface, neutralizing otherwise repulsive forces. In conclusion, enoxaparin enhances AAT inhibition of both TMPRSS2 and coronavirus infection. Such host-directed therapy is less likely to be affected by SARS-CoV-2 mutations. Furthermore, given the known anti-inflammatory activities of both AAT and heparin, this form of treatment may target both the virus and the excessive inflammatory consequences of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyuan Bai
- grid.422100.50000 0000 9751 469XDepartment of Medicine, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO USA ,grid.240341.00000 0004 0396 0728Department of Academic Affairs and Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO USA ,grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XDivision of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA ,grid.240341.00000 0004 0396 0728National Jewish Health, D509, Neustadt Building, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206 USA
| | - Ashley M. Buckle
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Eszter K. Vladar
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XDivision of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Edward N. Janoff
- grid.422100.50000 0000 9751 469XDepartment of Medicine, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO USA ,grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XDivision of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Reeti Khare
- grid.240341.00000 0004 0396 0728Mycobacteriology Laboratory, Advance Diagnostics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO USA
| | - Diane Ordway
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Department of Microbiology, Immunlogy, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - David Beckham
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XDivision of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Lorelenn B. Fornis
- grid.240341.00000 0004 0396 0728Department of Academic Affairs and Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO USA
| | - Abraham Majluf-Cruz
- grid.419157.f0000 0001 1091 9430Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Trombosis, Hemostasia y Aterogenesis, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Randolph V. Fugit
- grid.422100.50000 0000 9751 469XDepartment of Pharmacy, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Brian M. Freed
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XDepartment of Immunology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Soohyun Kim
- grid.258676.80000 0004 0532 8339Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.258676.80000 0004 0532 8339College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Robert A. Sandhaus
- grid.240341.00000 0004 0396 0728Department of Academic Affairs and Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO USA
| | - Edward D. Chan
- grid.422100.50000 0000 9751 469XDepartment of Medicine, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO USA ,grid.240341.00000 0004 0396 0728Department of Academic Affairs and Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO USA ,grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XDivision of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA ,grid.240341.00000 0004 0396 0728National Jewish Health, D509, Neustadt Building, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206 USA
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23
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Iazzi M, Astori A, St-Germain J, Raught B, Gupta GD. Proximity Profiling of the CFTR Interaction Landscape in Response to Orkambi. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2442. [PMID: 35269585 PMCID: PMC8910062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Deletion of phenylalanine 508 (∆F508) of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) anion channel protein is the leading cause of Cystic Fibrosis (CF). Here, we report the analysis of CFTR and ∆F508-CFTR interactomes using BioID (proximity-dependent biotin identification), a technique that can also detect transient associations. We identified 474 high-confidence CFTR proximity-interactors, 57 of which have been previously validated, with the remainder representing novel interaction space. The ∆F508 interactome, comprising 626 proximity-interactors was markedly different from its wild type counterpart, with numerous alterations in protein associations categorized in membrane trafficking and cellular stress functions. Furthermore, analysis of the ∆F508 interactome in cells treated with Orkambi identified several interactions that were altered as a result of this drug therapy. We examined two candidate CFTR proximity interactors, VAPB and NOS1AP, in functional assays designed to assess surface delivery and overall chloride efflux. VAPB depletion impacted both CFTR surface delivery and chloride efflux, whereas NOS1AP depletion only affected the latter. The wild type and ∆F508-CFTR interactomes represent rich datasets that could be further mined to reveal additional candidates for the functional rescue of ∆F508-CFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Iazzi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada;
| | - Audrey Astori
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; (A.A.); (J.S.-G.); (B.R.)
| | - Jonathan St-Germain
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; (A.A.); (J.S.-G.); (B.R.)
| | - Brian Raught
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; (A.A.); (J.S.-G.); (B.R.)
| | - Gagan D. Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada;
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24
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Varma R, Poon J, Liao Z, Aitchison JS, Waddell TK, Karoubi G, McGuigan AP. Planar organization of airway epithelial cell morphology using hydrogel grooves during ciliogenesis fails to induce ciliary alignment. Biomater Sci 2021; 10:396-409. [PMID: 34897300 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01327k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Topographical cues are known to influence cell organization both in native tissues and in vitro. In the trachea, the matrix beneath the epithelial lining is composed of collagen fibres that run along the long axis of the airway. Previous studies have shown that grooved topography can induce morphological and cytoskeletal alignment in epithelial cell lines. In the present work we assessed the impact of substrate topography on the organization of primary human tracheal epithelial cells (HTECs) and human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived airway progenitors and the resulting alignment of cilia after maturation of the airway cells under Air-Liquid-Interface (ALI) culture. Grooves with optimized dimensions were imprinted into collagen vitrigel membranes (CVM) to produce gel inserts for ALI culture. Grooved CVM substrates induced cell alignment in HTECs and hiPSC airway progenitors in submerged culture. Further, both cell types were able to terminally differentiate into a multi-ciliated epithelium on both flat and groove CVM substrates. When exposed to ALI conditions, HTECs lost alignment after 14 days. Meanwhile, hiPSC-derived airway progenitors maintained their alignment throughout 31 days of ALI culture. Interestingly, neither initial alignment on the grooves, nor maintained alignment on the grooves induced alignment of cilia basal bodies, an indication of the direction of ciliary beating direction in the airway cells. Planar organization of airway cells during or prior to ciliogenesis therefore does not appear to be a feasible strategy to control cilia organization and subsequent airway epithelial function and additional cues are likely necessary to produce cilia alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratna Varma
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (BME), University of Toronto, 164 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada. .,Latner Thoracic Surgery Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, 101 College St, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada.
| | - James Poon
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (BME), University of Toronto, 164 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada. .,Latner Thoracic Surgery Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, 101 College St, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada.
| | - Zhongfa Liao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Rd, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - J Stewart Aitchison
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Rd, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Thomas K Waddell
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (BME), University of Toronto, 164 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada. .,Latner Thoracic Surgery Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, 101 College St, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada.
| | - Golnaz Karoubi
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, 101 College St, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada. .,Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Alison P McGuigan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (BME), University of Toronto, 164 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada. .,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada
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25
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Lagowala DA, Kwon S, Sidhaye VK, Kim DH. Human microphysiological models of airway and alveolar epithelia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L1072-L1088. [PMID: 34612064 PMCID: PMC8715018 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00103.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human organ-on-a-chip models are powerful tools for preclinical research that can be used to study the mechanisms of disease and evaluate new targets for therapeutic intervention. Lung-on-a-chip models have been one of the most well-characterized designs in this field and can be altered to evaluate various types of respiratory disease and to assess treatment candidates prior to clinical testing. These systems are capable of overcoming the flaws of conventional two-dimensional (2-D) cell culture and in vivo animal testing due to their ability to accurately recapitulate the in vivo microenvironment of human tissue with tunable material properties, microfluidic integration, delivery of precise mechanical and biochemical cues, and designs with organ-specific architecture. In this review, we first describe an overview of currently available lung-on-a-chip designs. We then present how recent innovations in human stem cell biology, tissue engineering, and microfabrication can be used to create more predictive human lung-on-a-chip models for studying respiratory disease. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future directions of lung-on-a-chip designs for in vitro disease modeling with a particular focus on immune and multiorgan interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Anuj Lagowala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Seoyoung Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Venkataramana K Sidhaye
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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26
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Basta LP, Hill-Oliva M, Paramore SV, Sharan R, Goh A, Biswas A, Cortez M, Little KA, Posfai E, Devenport D. New mouse models for high resolution and live imaging of planar cell polarity proteins in vivo. Development 2021; 148:271988. [PMID: 34463728 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The collective polarization of cellular structures and behaviors across a tissue plane is a near universal feature of epithelia known as planar cell polarity (PCP). This property is controlled by the core PCP pathway, which consists of highly conserved membrane-associated protein complexes that localize asymmetrically at cell junctions. Here, we introduce three new mouse models for investigating the localization and dynamics of transmembrane PCP proteins: Celsr1, Fz6 and Vangl2. Using the skin epidermis as a model, we characterize and verify the expression, localization and function of endogenously tagged Celsr1-3xGFP, Fz6-3xGFP and tdTomato-Vangl2 fusion proteins. Live imaging of Fz6-3xGFP in basal epidermal progenitors reveals that the polarity of the tissue is not fixed through time. Rather, asymmetry dynamically shifts during cell rearrangements and divisions, while global, average polarity of the tissue is preserved. We show using super-resolution STED imaging that Fz6-3xGFP and tdTomato-Vangl2 can be resolved, enabling us to observe their complex localization along junctions. We further explore PCP fusion protein localization in the trachea and neural tube, and discover new patterns of PCP expression and localization throughout the mouse embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena P Basta
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544USA
| | - Michael Hill-Oliva
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544USA.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032USA
| | - Sarah V Paramore
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544USA
| | - Rishabh Sharan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544USA
| | - Audrey Goh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544USA
| | - Abhishek Biswas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544USA.,Research Computing, Office of Information Technology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Marvin Cortez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544USA
| | - Katherine A Little
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544USA
| | - Eszter Posfai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544USA
| | - Danelle Devenport
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544USA
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27
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Bridges JP, Vladar EK, Huang H, Mason RJ. Respiratory epithelial cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19. Thorax 2021; 77:203-209. [PMID: 34404754 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has different clinical stages, and effective therapy depends on the location and extent of the infection. The purpose of this review is to provide a background for understanding the progression of the disease throughout the pulmonary epithelium and discuss therapeutic options. The prime sites for infection that will be contrasted in this review are the conducting airways and the gas exchange portions of the lung. These two sites are characterised by distinct cellular composition and innate immune responses, which suggests the use of distinct therapeutic agents. In the nose, ciliated cells are the primary target cells for SARS-CoV-2 viral infection, replication and release. Infected cells shed their cilia, which disables mucociliary clearance. Evidence further points to a suppressed or incompletely activated innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in the upper airways. Asymptomatic individuals can still have a productive viral infection and infect others. In the gas exchange portion of the lung, the alveolar type II epithelial cell is the main target cell type. Cell death and marked innate immune response during infection likely contribute to alveolar damage and resultant acute respiratory distress syndrome. Alveolar infection can precipitate a hyperinflammatory state, which is the target of many therapies in severe COVID-19. Disease resolution in the lung is variable and may include scaring and long-term sequalae because the alveolar type II cells are also progenitor cells for the alveolar epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Bridges
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA .,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Eszter K Vladar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Robert J Mason
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
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28
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A 'tad' of hope in the fight against airway disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:2347-2357. [PMID: 33079166 PMCID: PMC7614538 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Xenopus tadpoles have emerged as a powerful in vivo model system to study mucociliary epithelia such as those found in the human airways. The tadpole skin has mucin-secreting cells, motile multi-ciliated cells, ionocytes (control local ionic homeostasis) and basal stem cells. This cellular architecture is very similar to the large airways of the human lungs and represents an easily accessible and experimentally tractable model system to explore the molecular details of mucociliary epithelia. Each of the cell types in the tadpole skin has a human equivalent and a conserved network of genes and signalling pathways for their differentiation has been discovered. Great insight into the function of each of the cell types has been achieved using the Xenopus model and this has enhanced our understanding of airway disease. This simple model has already had a profound impact on the field but, as molecular technologies (e.g. gene editing and live imaging) continue to develop apace, its use for understanding individual cell types and their interactions will likely increase. For example, its small size and genetic tractability make it an ideal model for live imaging of a mucociliary surface especially during environmental challenges such as infection. Further potential exists for the mimicking of human genetic mutations that directly cause airway disease and for the pre-screening of drugs against novel therapeutic targets.
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29
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Mateos-Quiros CM, Garrido-Jimenez S, Álvarez-Hernán G, Diaz-Chamorro S, Barrera-Lopez JF, Francisco-Morcillo J, Roman AC, Centeno F, Carvajal-Gonzalez JM. Junctional Adhesion Molecule 3 Expression in the Mouse Airway Epithelium Is Linked to Multiciliated Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:622515. [PMID: 34395412 PMCID: PMC8355548 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.622515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight-junction (TJ) proteins are essential for establishing the barrier function between neighbor epithelial cells, but also for recognition of pathogens or cell migration. Establishing the expression pattern and localization of different TJ proteins will help to understand the development and physiology of the airway. Here we identify that the junctional adhesion molecule 3 (Jam3) expression is restricted to multiciliated cells (MCCs) in the airway epithelium. In vitro, Jam3 expression varies along airway basal stem cell (BSC) differentiation and upon DAPT treatment or IL6 exposure. However, Jam3 is not required for BSC differentiation to specific cell types. In addition, we found that MCC lacking Jam3 display normal cilia morphology and cilia beating frequency with a delay in BB assembly/positioning in MCCs during differentiation. Remarkably, Jam3 in MCC is mostly localized to subapical organelles, which are negative for the apical recycling endosome marker Rab11 and positive for EEA1. Our data show that Jam3 expression is connected to mature MCC in the airway epithelium and suggest a Jam3 role unrelated to its known barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Maria Mateos-Quiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Sergio Garrido-Jimenez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | | | - Selene Diaz-Chamorro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Barrera-Lopez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | | | - Angel Carlos Roman
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Francisco Centeno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Jose Maria Carvajal-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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30
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Sone N, Konishi S, Igura K, Tamai K, Ikeo S, Korogi Y, Kanagaki S, Namba T, Yamamoto Y, Xu Y, Takeuchi K, Adachi Y, Chen-Yoshikawa TF, Date H, Hagiwara M, Tsukita S, Hirai T, Torisawa YS, Gotoh S. Multicellular modeling of ciliopathy by combining iPS cells and microfluidic airway-on-a-chip technology. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/601/eabb1298. [PMID: 34233948 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb1298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mucociliary clearance is an essential lung function that facilitates the removal of inhaled pathogens and foreign matter unidirectionally from the airway tract and is innately achieved by coordinated ciliary beating of multiciliated cells. Should ciliary function become disturbed, mucus can accumulate in the airway causing subsequent obstruction and potentially recurrent pneumonia. However, it has been difficult to recapitulate unidirectional mucociliary flow using human-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in vitro and the mechanism governing the flow has not yet been elucidated, hampering the proper humanized airway disease modeling. Here, we combine human iPSCs and airway-on-a-chip technology, to demonstrate the effectiveness of fluid shear stress (FSS) for regulating the global axis of multicellular planar cell polarity (PCP), as well as inducing ciliogenesis, thereby contributing to quantifiable unidirectional mucociliary flow. Furthermore, we applied the findings to disease modeling of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a genetic disease characterized by impaired mucociliary clearance. The application of an airway cell sheet derived from patient-derived iPSCs and their gene-edited counterparts, as well as genetic knockout iPSCs of PCD causative genes, made it possible to recapitulate the abnormal ciliary functions in organized PCP using the airway-on-a-chip. These findings suggest that the disease model of PCD developed here is a potential platform for making diagnoses and identifying therapeutic targets and that airway reconstruction therapy using mechanical stress to regulate PCP might have therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Sone
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Satoshi Konishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koichi Igura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Koji Tamai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ikeo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yohei Korogi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kanagaki
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Toshinori Namba
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yifei Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takeuchi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yuichi Adachi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Toyofumi F Chen-Yoshikawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Date
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tsukita
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Strategic Innovation and Research Center, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Hirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yu-Suke Torisawa
- Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.,Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Shimpei Gotoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. .,Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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31
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Chavkin NW, Sano S, Wang Y, Oshima K, Ogawa H, Horitani K, Sano M, MacLauchlan S, Nelson A, Setia K, Vippa T, Watanabe Y, Saucerman JJ, Hirschi KK, Gokce N, Walsh K. The Cell Surface Receptors Ror1/2 Control Cardiac Myofibroblast Differentiation. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e019904. [PMID: 34155901 PMCID: PMC8403294 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.019904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background A hallmark of heart failure is cardiac fibrosis, which results from the injury-induced differentiation response of resident fibroblasts to myofibroblasts that deposit extracellular matrix. During myofibroblast differentiation, fibroblasts progress through polarization stages of early proinflammation, intermediate proliferation, and late maturation, but the regulators of this progression are poorly understood. Planar cell polarity receptors, receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 and 2 (Ror1/2), can function to promote cell differentiation and transformation. In this study, we investigated the role of the Ror1/2 in a model of heart failure with emphasis on myofibroblast differentiation. Methods and Results The role of Ror1/2 during cardiac myofibroblast differentiation was studied in cell culture models of primary murine cardiac fibroblast activation and in knockout mouse models that underwent transverse aortic constriction surgery to induce cardiac injury by pressure overload. Expression of Ror1 and Ror2 were robustly and exclusively induced in fibroblasts in hearts after transverse aortic constriction surgery, and both were rapidly upregulated after early activation of primary murine cardiac fibroblasts in culture. Cultured fibroblasts isolated from Ror1/2 knockout mice displayed a proinflammatory phenotype indicative of impaired myofibroblast differentiation. Although the combined ablation of Ror1/2 in mice did not result in a detectable baseline phenotype, transverse aortic constriction surgery led to the death of all mice by day 6 that was associated with myocardial hyperinflammation and vascular leakage. Conclusions Together, these results show that Ror1/2 are essential for the progression of myofibroblast differentiation and for the adaptive remodeling of the heart in response to pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W. Chavkin
- Cardiovascular Research CenterSchool of MedicineUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA
- Department of Cell BiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA
| | - Soichi Sano
- Cardiovascular Research CenterSchool of MedicineUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA
- Hematovascular Biology CenterSchool of MedicineUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA
- Molecular Cardiology/Whitaker Cardiovascular InstituteBoston University School of MedicineBostonMA
- Department of CardiologyGraduate School of MedicineOsaka City UniversityOsakaJapan
- Department of CardiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA
| | - Ying Wang
- Cardiovascular Research CenterSchool of MedicineUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA
- Hematovascular Biology CenterSchool of MedicineUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA
- Molecular Cardiology/Whitaker Cardiovascular InstituteBoston University School of MedicineBostonMA
- Department of CardiologyXinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Kosei Oshima
- Molecular Cardiology/Whitaker Cardiovascular InstituteBoston University School of MedicineBostonMA
| | - Hayato Ogawa
- Cardiovascular Research CenterSchool of MedicineUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA
- Department of CardiologyGraduate School of MedicineOsaka City UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Keita Horitani
- Cardiovascular Research CenterSchool of MedicineUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA
- Department of CardiologyGraduate School of MedicineOsaka City UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Miho Sano
- Cardiovascular Research CenterSchool of MedicineUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA
- Molecular Cardiology/Whitaker Cardiovascular InstituteBoston University School of MedicineBostonMA
- Department of CardiologyGraduate School of MedicineOsaka City UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Susan MacLauchlan
- Molecular Cardiology/Whitaker Cardiovascular InstituteBoston University School of MedicineBostonMA
| | - Anders Nelson
- Cardiovascular Research CenterSchool of MedicineUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA
| | - Karishma Setia
- Cardiovascular Research CenterSchool of MedicineUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA
| | - Tanvi Vippa
- Cardiovascular Research CenterSchool of MedicineUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA
| | - Yosuke Watanabe
- Vascular Biology/Whitaker Cardiovascular InstituteBoston University School of MedicineBostonMA
| | - Jeffrey J. Saucerman
- Cardiovascular Research CenterSchool of MedicineUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA
| | - Karen K. Hirschi
- Cardiovascular Research CenterSchool of MedicineUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA
- Department of Cell BiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA
- Hematovascular Biology CenterSchool of MedicineUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA
- Cardiovascular Research CenterSchool of MedicineYale UniversityNew HavenCT
| | - Noyan Gokce
- Boston University School of MedicineBostonMA
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Cardiovascular Research CenterSchool of MedicineUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA
- Hematovascular Biology CenterSchool of MedicineUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA
- Molecular Cardiology/Whitaker Cardiovascular InstituteBoston University School of MedicineBostonMA
- Department of CardiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA
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32
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Nakamura R, Katsuno T, Tsuji T, Oyagi S, Kishimoto Y, Suehiro A, Tateya I, Omori K. Airway ciliated cells regenerated on collagen sponge implants acquire planar polarities towards nearby edges of implanted areas. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 15:712-721. [PMID: 34010984 DOI: 10.1002/term.3220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered tracheae have been developed to replace defective tracheae. However, the direction of ciliated cells in the regenerated epithelium remains unclear. We investigated planar polarity formed in the regenerated airway epithelium after tracheal graft implantation. We partially resected the rat trachea and implanted a collagen scaffold. The direction of the basal foot was assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to examine the biased distribution of Vangl1 and Frizzled6 proteins. The direction of mucociliary transport was analyzed by video microscopy. Our results showed that the basal feet of cilia in the proximal and distal regions of the implanted areas were respectively oriented toward the proximal and distal directions. The biased distribution of Vangl1 and Frizzled6, and the directions of mucociliary transport showed that planar polarities formed in the regenerated epithelium were oriented toward the proximal, distal, left, and right directions in the proximal, distal, left, and right regions of the implanted area. These polarities persisted until nine months after implantation. Hence, the results suggest that planar polarities formed in epithelia regenerated on tracheal grafts are directed toward the nearby edges of implanted areas and are preserved for a prolonged period. The polarities can, at least partially, contribute to clearing external materials from the implanted areas by transporting them to a normal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Nakamura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Katsuno
- Center of Anatomical, Pathological and Forensic Medical Researches, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuya Tsuji
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seiji Oyagi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yo Kishimoto
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suehiro
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tateya
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Koichi Omori
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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33
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Mikhailik A, Michurina TV, Dikranian K, Hearn S, Maxakov VI, Siller SS, Takemaru KI, Enikolopov G, Peunova N. nNOS regulates ciliated cell polarity, ciliary beat frequency, and directional flow in mouse trachea. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/5/e202000981. [PMID: 33653689 PMCID: PMC8008965 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Clearance of the airway is dependent on directional mucus flow across the mucociliary epithelium, and deficient flow is implicated in a range of human disorders. Efficient flow relies on proper polarization of the multiciliated cells and sufficient ciliary beat frequency. We show that NO, produced by nNOS in the multiciliated cells of the mouse trachea, controls both the planar polarity and the ciliary beat frequency and is thereby necessary for the generation of the robust flow. The effect of nNOS on the polarity of ciliated cells relies on its interactions with the apical networks of actin and microtubules and involves RhoA activation. The action of nNOS on the beat frequency is mediated by guanylate cyclase; both NO donors and cGMP can augment fluid flow in the trachea and rescue the deficient flow in nNOS mutants. Our results link insufficient availability of NO in ciliated cells to defects in flow and ciliary activity and may thereby explain the low levels of exhaled NO in ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Mikhailik
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Tatyana V Michurina
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Krikor Dikranian
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stephen Hearn
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Vladimir I Maxakov
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Saul S Siller
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Ken-Ichi Takemaru
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Grigori Enikolopov
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Natalia Peunova
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA .,Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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34
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Luo WW, Chen BJ, Wang YM, Yang JM, Liu X, Yuan YS, Lin X, Chi FL, Chen P, Ren DD. Planar cell polarity governs the alignment of the nasopharyngeal epithelium in mammals. FEBS J 2021; 288:1027-1040. [PMID: 32452625 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) signalling specifies the orientation of epithelial cells and regulates directional beating of motile cilia of multiciliated epithelial cells. Clinically, defects in cilia function are associated with nasopharyngeal symptoms. The polarity of the nasopharyngeal epithelium is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated PCP in the nasopharyngeal epithelium. Multiciliated cells (MCCs) were uniformly aligned with their long axis parallel to the tissue axis of the nasopharynx (NP). In addition, PCP proteins exhibited an asymmetrical localisation between adjacent cells. Motile cilia were uniformly aligned in the same direction within both individual cells and neighbouring cells, which manifested as cilial polarity in MCCs. Mutation of Vangl2, a mammalian homologue of the Drosophila PCP gene, resulted in significant disruption of the orientation of epithelial cells. Finally, keratin-5-positive basal cells constantly replenished the luminal ciliated cells; the new dynamic ciliated cells were also oriented parallel to the tissue axis. These results indicate a role for the PCP pathway in the uniform orientation of dynamically replenished epithelial cells in the NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wei Luo
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bin-Jun Chen
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Mei Wang
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Juan-Mei Yang
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Sheng Yuan
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Fang-Lu Chi
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dong-Dong Ren
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
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35
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Lewis M, Stracker TH. Transcriptional regulation of multiciliated cell differentiation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 110:51-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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36
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Lee L, Ostrowski LE. Motile cilia genetics and cell biology: big results from little mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:769-797. [PMID: 32915243 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03633-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of motile cilia and their role in disease has increased tremendously over the last two decades, with critical information and insight coming from the analysis of mouse models. Motile cilia form on specific epithelial cell types and typically beat in a coordinated, whip-like manner to facilitate the flow and clearance of fluids along the cell surface. Defects in formation and function of motile cilia result in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a genetically heterogeneous disorder with a well-characterized phenotype but no effective treatment. A number of model systems, ranging from unicellular eukaryotes to mammals, have provided information about the genetics, biochemistry, and structure of motile cilia. However, with remarkable resources available for genetic manipulation and developmental, pathological, and physiological analysis of phenotype, the mouse has risen to the forefront of understanding mammalian motile cilia and modeling PCD. This is evidenced by a large number of relevant mouse lines and an extensive body of genetic and phenotypic data. More recently, application of innovative cell biological techniques to these models has enabled substantial advancement in elucidating the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the biogenesis and function of mammalian motile cilia. In this article, we will review genetic and cell biological studies of motile cilia in mouse models and their contributions to our understanding of motile cilia and PCD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance Lee
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
| | - Lawrence E Ostrowski
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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37
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Nakamura R, Katsuno T, Kishimoto Y, Kaba S, Yoshimatsu M, Kitamura M, Suehiro A, Hiwatashi N, Yamashita M, Tateya I, Omori K. A novel method for live imaging of human airway cilia using wheat germ agglutinin. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14417. [PMID: 32879324 PMCID: PMC7468155 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71049-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiciliated epithelial cells in the airway are essential for mucociliary clearance. Their function relies on coordinated, metachronal and directional ciliary beating, appropriate mucus secretion and airway surface hydration. However, current conventional methods for observing human airway ciliary movement require ciliated cells to be detached from airway tissues. Determining the directionality of cilia is difficult. We developed a novel method to stain airway epithelial cilia to observe their movement without releasing ciliated cells. Human tracheae were obtained from patients (n = 13) who underwent laryngectomies to treat malignancies or swallowing disorders. The tracheae were treated with fluorescently labeled wheat germ agglutinin, which interacts with the acidic mucopolysaccharides present on the cilia. Epithelial surfaces were observed using an epi-fluorescence microscope equipped with a water-immersion objective lens and a high-speed camera. Ciliary movement was observable at 125 fps (13/13 samples). Ciliated cells in close proximity mostly exhibited well-coordinated ciliary beats with similar directionalities. These findings indicated that wheat germ agglutinin renders ciliary beats visible, which is valuable for observing human airway ciliary movements in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Nakamura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Katsuno
- Center of Anatomical, Pathological and Forensic Medical Researches, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yo Kishimoto
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Shinji Kaba
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Yoshimatsu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Morimasa Kitamura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suehiro
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Nao Hiwatashi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kyoto-Katsura Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaru Yamashita
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tateya
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Koichi Omori
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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38
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Noncanonical Wnt planar cell polarity signaling in lung development and disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:231-243. [PMID: 32096543 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathway is a potent developmental regulator of directional cell behaviors such as migration, asymmetric division and morphological polarization that are critical for shaping the body axis and the complex three-dimensional architecture of tissues and organs. PCP is considered a noncanonical Wnt pathway due to the involvement of Wnt ligands and Frizzled family receptors in the absence of the beta-catenin driven gene expression observed in the canonical Wnt cascade. At the heart of the PCP mechanism are protein complexes capable of generating molecular asymmetries within cells along a tissue-wide axis that are translated into polarized actin and microtubule cytoskeletal dynamics. PCP has emerged as an important regulator of developmental, homeostatic and disease processes in the respiratory system. It acts along other signaling pathways to create the elaborately branched structure of the lung by controlling the directional protrusive movements of cells during branching morphogenesis. PCP operates in the airway epithelium to establish and maintain the orientation of respiratory cilia along the airway axis for anatomically directed mucociliary clearance. It also regulates the establishment of the pulmonary vasculature. In adult tissues, PCP dysfunction has been linked to a variety of chronic lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, stemming chiefly from the breakdown of proper tissue structure and function and aberrant cell migration during regenerative wound healing. A better understanding of these (impaired) PCP mechanisms is needed to fully harness the therapeutic opportunities of targeting PCP in chronic lung diseases.
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39
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Nawroth JC, van der Does AM, Ryan (Firth) A, Kanso E. Multiscale mechanics of mucociliary clearance in the lung. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190160. [PMID: 31884926 PMCID: PMC7017338 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucociliary clearance (MCC) is one of the most important defence mechanisms of the human respiratory system. Its failure is implicated in many chronic and debilitating airway diseases. However, due to the complexity of lung organization, we currently lack full understanding on the relationship between these regional differences in anatomy and biology and MCC functioning. For example, it is unknown whether the regional variability of airway geometry, cell biology and ciliary mechanics play a functional role in MCC. It therefore remains unclear whether the regional preference seen in some airway diseases could originate from local MCC dysfunction. Though great insights have been gained into the genetic basis of cilia ultrastructural defects in airway ciliopathies, the scaling to regional MCC function and subsequent clinical phenotype remains unpredictable. Understanding the multiscale mechanics of MCC would help elucidate genotype-phenotype relationships and enable better diagnostic tools and treatment options. Here, we review the hierarchical and variable organization of ciliated airway epithelium in human lungs and discuss how this organization relates to MCC function. We then discuss the relevancy of these structure-function relationships to current topics in lung disease research. Finally, we examine how state-of-the-art computational approaches can help address existing open questions. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Unity and diversity of cilia in locomotion and transport'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne M. van der Does
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amy Ryan (Firth)
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Eva Kanso
- Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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40
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Chivukula RR, Montoro DT, Leung HM, Yang J, Shamseldin HE, Taylor MS, Dougherty GW, Zariwala MA, Carson J, Daniels MLA, Sears PR, Black KE, Hariri LP, Almogarri I, Frenkel EM, Vinarsky V, Omran H, Knowles MR, Tearney GJ, Alkuraya FS, Sabatini DM. A human ciliopathy reveals essential functions for NEK10 in airway mucociliary clearance. Nat Med 2020; 26:244-251. [PMID: 31959991 PMCID: PMC7018620 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0730-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raghu R Chivukula
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Daniel T Montoro
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hui Min Leung
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason Yang
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hanan E Shamseldin
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Martin S Taylor
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gerard W Dougherty
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Maimoona A Zariwala
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Johnny Carson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M Leigh Anne Daniels
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Patrick R Sears
- Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Katharine E Black
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lida P Hariri
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ibrahim Almogarri
- Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Evgeni M Frenkel
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vladimir Vinarsky
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heymut Omran
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael R Knowles
- Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Guillermo J Tearney
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - David M Sabatini
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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41
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Boutin C, Kodjabachian L. Biology of multiciliated cells. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2019; 56:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Marques MM, Villoch-Fernandez J, Maeso-Alonso L, Fuertes-Alvarez S, Marin MC. The Trp73 Mutant Mice: A Ciliopathy Model That Uncouples Ciliogenesis From Planar Cell Polarity. Front Genet 2019; 10:154. [PMID: 30930930 PMCID: PMC6428764 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
p73 transcription factor belongs to one of the most important gene families in vertebrate biology, the p53-family. Trp73 gene, like the other family members, generates multiple isoforms named TA and DNp73, with different and, sometimes, antagonist functions. Although p73 shares many biological functions with p53, it also plays distinct roles during development. Trp73 null mice (p73KO from now on) show multiple phenotypes as gastrointestinal and cranial hemorrhages, rhinitis and severe central nervous system defects. Several groups, including ours, have revisited the apparently unrelated phenotypes observed in total p73KO and revealed a novel p73 function in the organization of ciliated epithelia in brain and trachea, but also an essential role as regulator of ependymal planar cell polarity. Unlike p73KO or TAp73KO mice, tumor-prone Trp53−/− mice (p53KO) do not present ependymal ciliary or planar cell polarity defects, indicating that regulation of ciliogenesis and PCP is a p73-specific function. Thus, loss of ciliary biogenesis and epithelial organization might be a common underlying cause of the diverse p73KO-phenotypes, highlighting Trp73 role as an architect of the epithelial tissue. In this review we would like to discuss the data regarding p73 role as regulator of ependymal cell ciliogenesis and PCP, supporting the view of the Trp73-mutant mice as a model that uncouples ciliogenesis from PCP and a possible model of human congenital hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita M Marques
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Laboratorio de Diferenciación Celular y Diseño de Modelos Celulares, Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Javier Villoch-Fernandez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Laboratorio de Diferenciación Celular y Diseño de Modelos Celulares, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Laura Maeso-Alonso
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Laboratorio de Diferenciación Celular y Diseño de Modelos Celulares, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Sandra Fuertes-Alvarez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Laboratorio de Diferenciación Celular y Diseño de Modelos Celulares, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Maria C Marin
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Laboratorio de Diferenciación Celular y Diseño de Modelos Celulares, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad de León, León, Spain
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43
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Fuertes-Alvarez S, Maeso-Alonso L, Villoch-Fernandez J, Wildung M, Martin-Lopez M, Marshall C, Villena-Cortes AJ, Diez-Prieto I, Pietenpol JA, Tissir F, Lizé M, Marques MM, Marin MC. p73 regulates ependymal planar cell polarity by modulating actin and microtubule cytoskeleton. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1183. [PMID: 30518789 PMCID: PMC6281643 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1205-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) and intercellular junctional complexes establish tissue structure and coordinated behaviors across epithelial sheets. In multiciliated ependymal cells, rotational and translational PCP coordinate cilia beating and direct cerebrospinal fluid circulation. Thus, PCP disruption results in ciliopathies and hydrocephalus. PCP establishment depends on the polarization of cytoskeleton and requires the asymmetric localization of core and global regulatory modules, including membrane proteins like Vangl1/2 or Frizzled. We analyzed the subcellular localization of select proteins that make up these modules in ependymal cells and the effect of Trp73 loss on their localization. We identify a novel function of the Trp73 tumor suppressor gene, the TAp73 isoform in particular, as an essential regulator of PCP through the modulation of actin and microtubule cytoskeleton dynamics, demonstrating that Trp73 is a key player in the organization of ependymal ciliated epithelia. Mechanistically, we show that p73 regulates translational PCP and actin dynamics through TAp73-dependent modulation of non-musclemyosin-II activity. In addition, TAp73 is required for the asymmetric localization of PCP-core and global signaling modules and regulates polarized microtubule dynamics, which in turn set up the rotational PCP. Therefore, TAp73 modulates, directly and/or indirectly, transcriptional programs regulating actin and microtubules dynamics and Golgi organization signaling pathways. These results shed light into the mechanism of ependymal cell planar polarization and reveal p73 as an epithelial architect during development regulating the cellular cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Fuertes-Alvarez
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED) and Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Laura Maeso-Alonso
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED) and Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Javier Villoch-Fernandez
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED) and Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Merit Wildung
- Molecular and Experimental Pneumology Group, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Oncology, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, Department of Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marta Martin-Lopez
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED) and Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Clayton Marshall
- Department of Biochemistry and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Alberto J Villena-Cortes
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED) and Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Diez-Prieto
- Departamento de Medicina, Cirugía y Anatomía Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Jennifer A Pietenpol
- Department of Biochemistry and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Fadel Tissir
- Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier, 73, Box B1.73.16, B1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Muriel Lizé
- Molecular and Experimental Pneumology Group, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Oncology, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, Department of Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Margarita M Marques
- Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero (INDEGSAL) and Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Maria C Marin
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED) and Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, 24071, León, Spain.
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Henderson DJ, Long DA, Dean CH. Planar cell polarity in organ formation. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 55:96-103. [PMID: 30015152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway controls a variety of morphological events across many species. During embryonic development, the PCP pathway regulates coordinated behaviour of groups of cells to direct morphogenetic processes such as convergent extension and collective cell migration. In this review we discuss the increasingly prominent role of the PCP pathway in organogenesis, focusing on the lungs, kidneys and heart. We also highlight emerging evidence that PCP gene mutations are associated with adult diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J Henderson
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - David A Long
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Charlotte H Dean
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK.
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45
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Dobzanski A, Khalil SM, Lane AP. Nasal polyp fibroblasts modulate epithelial characteristics via Wnt signaling. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2018; 8:1412-1420. [PMID: 30118173 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While essential to the normal differentiation of ciliated airway epithelial cells, upregulated Wnt signaling in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) has been proposed to result in abnormal epithelial morphology and dysfunctional mucociliary clearance. The mechanism of epithelial Wnt signaling dysregulation in CRSwNP is unknown, and importantly cellular sources of Wnt ligands in CRSwNP have not yet been investigated. METHODS Human sinonasal epithelial cells (hSNECs) and human sinonasal fibroblasts (hSNFs) were collected from 34 human subjects (25 control and 9 CRSwNP) and differentiated as primary air-liquid interface (ALI) and organoid co-cultures. hSNECs were isolated to the apical compartment of the transwell and hSNFs were isolated to the basolateral compartment. After 21 days of ALI culture, ciliary expression and sinonasal epithelial morphology were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). An organoid model was used to evaluate proliferation of basal cells in presence of hSNFs. RESULTS Epithelial cells co-cultured with CRSwNP-hSNFs revealed significantly decreased ciliated cells, altered epithelial cell morphology, and increased colony forming efficiency compared to epithelial cells co-cultured with control-hSNFs. CRSwNP-hSNFs showed significantly higher messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of canonical WNT3A. A Wnt agonist, CHIR99021, replicated CRSwNP-hSNF co-cultures, and treatment with the Wnt inhibitor IWP2 prevented abnormal morphologies. CONCLUSION These results suggest that abnormal interactions between epithelial cells and fibroblasts may contribute to CRSwNP pathogenesis and supports the concept that dysregulated Wnt signaling contributes impairment to epithelial function in CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Dobzanski
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Syed Muaz Khalil
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Andrew P Lane
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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46
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Saito Y, Desai RR, Muthuswamy SK. Reinterpreting polarity and cancer: The changing landscape from tumor suppression to tumor promotion. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1869:103-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Peabody JE, Shei RJ, Bermingham BM, Phillips SE, Turner B, Rowe SM, Solomon GM. Seeing cilia: imaging modalities for ciliary motion and clinical connections. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 314:L909-L921. [PMID: 29493257 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00556.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The respiratory tract is lined with multiciliated epithelial cells that function to move mucus and trapped particles via the mucociliary transport apparatus. Genetic and acquired ciliopathies result in diminished mucociliary clearance, contributing to disease pathogenesis. Recent innovations in imaging technology have advanced our understanding of ciliary motion in health and disease states. Application of imaging modalities including transmission electron microscopy, high-speed video microscopy, and micron-optical coherence tomography could improve diagnostics and be applied for precision medicine. In this review, we provide an overview of ciliary motion, imaging modalities, and ciliopathic diseases of the respiratory system including primary ciliary dyskinesia, cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacelyn E Peabody
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama.,Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ren-Jay Shei
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama.,Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Scott E Phillips
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Brett Turner
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Steven M Rowe
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama.,Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama.,Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - George M Solomon
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama.,Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
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Costa R, Königshoff M. Linking Wnt Signaling to Mucosal Inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 56:551-552. [PMID: 28459386 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0054ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Costa
- 1 Comprehensive Pneumology Center Helmholtz Zentrum München and University Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Germany and
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- 1 Comprehensive Pneumology Center Helmholtz Zentrum München and University Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Germany and.,2 Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine University of Colorado Denver, Colorado
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49
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Skronska-Wasek W, Gosens R, Königshoff M, Baarsma HA. WNT receptor signalling in lung physiology and pathology. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 187:150-166. [PMID: 29458107 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The WNT signalling cascades have emerged as critical regulators of a wide variety of biological aspects involved in lung development as well as in physiological and pathophysiological processes in the adult lung. WNTs (secreted glycoproteins) interact with various transmembrane receptors and co-receptors to activate signalling pathways that regulate transcriptional as well as non-transcriptional responses within cells. In physiological conditions, the majority of WNT receptors and co-receptors can be detected in the adult lung. However, dysregulation of WNT signalling pathways contributes to the development and progression of chronic lung pathologies, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and lung cancer. The interaction between a WNT and the (co-)receptor(s) present at the cell surface is the initial step in transducing an extracellular signal into an intracellular response. This proximal event in WNT signal transduction with (cell-specific) ligand-receptor interactions is of great interest as a potential target for pharmacological intervention. In this review we highlight the diverse expression of various WNT receptors and co-receptors in the aforementioned chronic lung diseases and discuss the currently available biologicals and pharmacological tools to modify proximal WNT signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Skronska-Wasek
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Research Unit Lung Repair and Regeneration, Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, University Hospital Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Research Unit Lung Repair and Regeneration, Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, University Hospital Grosshadern, Munich, Germany; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Hoeke Abele Baarsma
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Research Unit Lung Repair and Regeneration, Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, University Hospital Grosshadern, Munich, Germany; GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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50
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Tsuji T, Nakamura R, Katsuno T, Kishimoto Y, Suehiro A, Yamashita M, Uozumi R, Nakamura T, Tateya I, Omori K. Long-term preservation of planar cell polarity in reversed tracheal epithelium. Respir Res 2018; 19:22. [PMID: 29394896 PMCID: PMC5797350 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0726-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Planar cell polarity (PCP) coordinates the patterning and orientation of cells and their structures along tissue planes, and although its acquisition during the formation of airway epithelium has been described, the mechanisms for its maintenance and reconstruction are poorly understood. We aimed to clarify whether ambient environment change by orthotropic autologous transplantation affected PCP at the cellular level. Methods We performed orthotropic autologous transplantation by inverting tracheal segments in rats, and then performed morphological evaluation by microscopy. The PCP of the tracheal epithelium was assessed over time by analyzing the directions of mucociliary transport and ciliary beat, the positional relationship between the basal body and basal foot, and the bias of Vang-like protein 1 (Vangl1) at 2, 4, and 6 months postoperatively. Results After 2 months, the directions of mucociliary transport and ciliary beat were preserved toward the lung in the inverted tracheal segments. The positional relationship between the basal body and the basal foot, and the bias of Vangl1, also indicated preservation of PCP in the inverted tracheal segments. Similar results were obtained at 6 months. Conclusion The PCP of ciliated epithelium was preserved in reversed trachea, even after long-term observation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-018-0726-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Tsuji
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nakamura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Katsuno
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yo Kishimoto
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suehiro
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masaru Yamashita
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryuji Uozumi
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Nakamura
- Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tateya
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Koichi Omori
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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