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Liu T, Woodruff PG, Zhou X. Advances in non-type 2 severe asthma: from molecular insights to novel treatment strategies. Eur Respir J 2024; 64:2300826. [PMID: 38697650 PMCID: PMC11325267 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00826-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Asthma is a prevalent pulmonary disease that affects more than 300 million people worldwide and imposes a substantial economic burden. While medication can effectively control symptoms in some patients, severe asthma attacks, driven by airway inflammation induced by environmental and infectious exposures, continue to be a major cause of asthma-related mortality. Heterogeneous phenotypes of asthma include type 2 (T2) and non-T2 asthma. Non-T2 asthma is often observed in patients with severe and/or steroid-resistant asthma. This review covers the molecular mechanisms, clinical phenotypes, causes and promising treatments of non-T2 severe asthma. Specifically, we discuss the signalling pathways for non-T2 asthma including the activation of inflammasomes, interferon responses and interleukin-17 pathways, and their contributions to the subtypes, progression and severity of non-T2 asthma. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and genetic determinants underlying non-T2 asthma could form the basis for precision medicine in severe asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Prescott G Woodruff
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Kellett SK, Masterson JC. Cellular metabolism and hypoxia interfacing with allergic diseases. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:335-348. [PMID: 38843075 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases display significant heterogeneity in their pathogenesis. Understanding the influencing factors, pathogenesis, and advancing new treatments for allergic diseases is becoming more and more vital as currently, prevalence continues to rise, and mechanisms of allergic diseases are not fully understood. The upregulation of the hypoxia response is linked to an elevated infiltration of activated inflammatory cells, accompanied by elevated metabolic requirements. An enhanced hypoxia response may potentially contribute to inflammation, remodeling, and the onset of allergic diseases. It has become increasingly clear that the process underlying immune and stromal cell activation during allergic sensitization requires well-tuned and dynamic changes in cellular metabolism. The purpose of this review is to examine current perspectives regarding metabolic dysfunction in allergic diseases. In the past decade, new technological platforms such as "omic" techniques have been applied, allowing for the identification of different biomarkers in multiple models ranging from altered lipid species content, increased nutrient transporters, and altered serum amino acids in various allergic diseases. Better understanding, recognition, and integration of these alterations would increase our knowledge of pathogenesis and potentially actuate a novel repertoire of targeted treatment approaches that regulate immune metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauna K Kellett
- Allergy, Inflammation & Remodelling Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, W23 C2N1, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Joanne C Masterson
- Allergy, Inflammation & Remodelling Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, W23 C2N1, County Kildare, Ireland
- Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Diseases Program, Department of Paediatrics, Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, W23 C2N1, County Kildare, Ireland
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3
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Pasha MA, Hopp RJ, Habib N, Tang DD. Biomarkers in asthma, potential for therapeutic intervention. J Asthma 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38805392 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2024.2361783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by multiple phenotypes with varying risk factors and therapeutic responses. This Commentary describes research on biomarkers for T2-"high" and T2-"low" inflammation, a hallmark of the disease. Patients with asthma who exhibit an increase in airway T2 inflammation are classified as having T2-high asthma. In this endotype, Type 2 cytokines interleukins (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13, plus other inflammatory mediators, lead to increased eosinophilic inflammation and elevated fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). In contrast, T2-low asthma has no clear definition. Biomarkers are considered valuable tools as they can help identify various phenotypes and endotypes, as well as treatment response to standard treatment or potential therapeutic targets, particularly for biologics. As our knowledge of phenotypes and endotypes expands, biologics are increasingly integrated into treatment strategies for severe asthma. These treatments block specific inflammatory pathways or single mediators. While single or composite biomarkers may help to identify subsets of patients who might benefit from these treatments, only a few inflammatory biomarkers have been validated for clinical application. One example is sputum eosinophilia, a particularly useful biomarker, as it may suggest corticosteroid responsiveness or reflect non-compliance to inhaled corticosteroids. As knowledge develops, a meaningful goal would be to provide individualized care to patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Asghar Pasha
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Russell J Hopp
- Department of Pediatrics, University of NE Medical Center and Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nazia Habib
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Dale D Tang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
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Yan Q, Liu Z, Chen Y, Zhang X, Zheng W, Liu X, Huang H, Liu Q, Jiang Y, Zhan S, Huang X. ITGAM-macrophage modulation as a potential strategy for treating neutrophilic Asthma: insights from bioinformatics analysis and in vivo experiments. Apoptosis 2024; 29:393-411. [PMID: 37950848 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01914-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Identification of molecular biomarkers associated with neutrophilic asthma (NA) phenotype may inform the discovery of novel pathobiological mechanisms and the development of diagnostic markers. Three mRNA transcriptome datasets extracted from induced sputum of asthma patients with various inflammatory types were used to screen for macrophage-related molecular mechanisms and targets in NA. Furthermore, the predicted targets were also validated on an independent dataset (N = 3) and animal model (N = 5). A significant increase in total cells, neutrophils and macrophages was observed in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of NA mice induced by ovalbumin/freund's adjuvant, complete (OVA/CFA). And we also found elevated levels of neutrophil and macrophage infiltration in NA subtype in external datasets. NA mice had increased secretion of IgE, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in serum and BAL fluid. MPO, an enzyme present in neutrophils, was also highly expressed in NA mice. Then, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified 684 targets with the strongest correlation with NA, and we obtained 609 macrophage-related specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in NA by integrating macrophage-related genes. The top 10 genes with high degree values were obtained and their mRNA levels and diagnostic performance were then determined by RT-qPCR and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis. Statistically significant correlations were found between macrophages and all key targets, with the strongest correlation between ITGAM and macrophages in NA. Double-Immunofluorescence staining further confirmed the co-localization of ITGAM and F4/80 in NA. ITGAM was identified as a critical target to distinguish NA from healthy/non-NA individuals, which may provide a novel avenue to further uncover the mechanisms and therapy of NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zixing Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujing Chen
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Haikou hospital of Chinese traditional medicine, Haikou, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjiang Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiting Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Shaofeng Zhan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiufang Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Airport Road, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Lv J, Zhou Y, Wang J, Wu Y, Yu Q, Zhang M, Su W, Tang Z, Wu Q, Wu M, Xia Z. Heme oxygenase-1 alleviates allergic airway inflammation by suppressing NF-κB-mediated pyroptosis of bronchial epithelial cells. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23472. [PMID: 38329323 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300883rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Allergic asthma development and pathogenesis are influenced by airway epithelial cells in response to allergens. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an inducible enzyme responsible for the breakdown of heme, has been considered an appealing target for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Herein, we report that alleviation of allergic airway inflammation by HO-1-mediated suppression of pyroptosis in airway epithelial cells (AECs). Using house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma models of mice, we found increased gasdermin D (GSDMD) in the airway epithelium. In vivo administration of disulfiram, a specific inhibitor of pore formation by GSDMD, decreased thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) release, T helper type 2 immune response, alleviated airway inflammation, and reduced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). HO-1 induction by hemin administration reversed these phenotypes. In vitro studies revealed that HO-1 restrained GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis and cytokine TSLP release in AECs by binding Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (NF-κB) p65 RHD domain and thus controlling NF-κB-dependent pyroptosis. These data provide new therapeutic indications for purposing HO-1 to counteract inflammation, which contributes to allergic inflammation control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Lv
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujiao Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianying Yu
- Department of Pulmonary, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wu
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenwei Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Hou C, Yan L, Sun K, Zhou T, Zou Y, Xiong W, Duan SZ. Nuclear receptor corepressor 1 deficiency exacerbates asthma by modulating macrophage polarization. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:429. [PMID: 38030614 PMCID: PMC10687133 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01724-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage polarization plays an important role in asthma. Nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCOR1) plays an important role in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases by regulating the function of macrophages. The aim of this research was to examine the role and mechanism of macrophage NCOR1 in the development of asthma. We used ovalbumin (OVA) to induce macrophage NCOR1-deficient mice for asthma formation. Our results revealed that macrophage NCOR1 deficiency markedly enhanced allergic airway inflammation. In addition, NCOR1 deficiency in macrophages was found to enhance M2 polarization. Mechanistic studies suggested that NCOR1 promoted macrophage polarization by interacting with PPARγ, contributing to the pathogenesis of asthma. In conclusion, macrophage NCOR1 deficiency promoted the regulation of M2 programming by enhancing PPARγ expression to exacerbate asthma. Macrophage NCOR1 might be a potential target for the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Hou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Lifeng Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ke Sun
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Tianyu Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yuxin Zou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Weining Xiong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Sheng-Zhong Duan
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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7
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Han X, Liu L, Huang S, Xiao W, Gao Y, Zhou W, Zhang C, Zheng H, Yang L, Xie X, Liang Q, Tu Z, Yu H, Fu J, Wang L, Zhang X, Qian L, Zhou Y. RNA m 6A methylation modulates airway inflammation in allergic asthma via PTX3-dependent macrophage homeostasis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7328. [PMID: 37957139 PMCID: PMC10643624 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43219-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevalent mRNA modification, has an important function in diverse biological processes. However, the involvement of m6A in allergic asthma and macrophage homeostasis remains largely unknown. Here we show that m6A methyltransferases METTL3 is expressed at a low level in monocyte-derived macrophages from childhood allergic asthma patients. Conditional knockout of Mettl3 in myeloid cells enhances Th2 cell response and aggravates allergic airway inflammation by facilitating M2 macrophage activation. Loss and gain functional studies confirm that METTL3 suppresses M2 macrophage activation partly through PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT6 signaling. Mechanistically, m6A-sequencing shows that loss of METTL3 impairs the m6A-YTHDF3-dependent degradation of PTX3 mRNA, while higher PTX3 expression positively correlates with asthma severity through promoting M2 macrophage activation. Furthermore, the METTL3/YTHDF3-m6A/PTX3 interactions contribute to autophagy maturation in macrophages by modulating STX17 expression. Collectively, this study highlights the function of m6A in regulating macrophage homeostasis and identifies potential targets in controlling allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Saihua Huang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Wenfeng Xiao
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Yajing Gao
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Weitao Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Caiyan Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Hongmei Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Xueru Xie
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Qiuyan Liang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Zikun Tu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Hongmiao Yu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Jinrong Fu
- Department of General Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Libo Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Liling Qian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102, China.
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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Wang Y, Wan R, Hu C. Leptin/obR signaling exacerbates obesity-related neutrophilic airway inflammation through inflammatory M1 macrophages. Mol Med 2023; 29:100. [PMID: 37488474 PMCID: PMC10367413 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00702-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity-related asthma is a kind of nonallergic asthma with excessive neutrophil infiltration in the airways. However, the underlying mechanisms have been poorly elucidated. Among the adipokines related to obesity, leptin is related to the inflammatory response. However, little is understood about how leptin acts on the leptin receptor (obR) in neutrophilic airway inflammation in obesity-associated asthma. We explored the inflammatory effects of leptin/obR signaling in an obesity-related neutrophilic airway inflammation mouse model. METHODS We established a neutrophilic airway inflammation mouse model using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and OVA challenge (LPS + OVA/OVA) in lean, obese, or db/db (obR deficiency) female mice. Histopathological, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) inflammatory cell, and lung inflammatory cytokine analyses were used to analyze airway inflammation severity. Western blotting, flow cytometry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to evaluate the underlying mechanisms. In vitro bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) and bone marrow-derived neutrophil experiments were performed. RESULTS We found that the serum leptin level was higher in obese than in lean female mice. Compared to LPS/OVA + OVA-treated lean female mice, LPS/OVA + OVA-treated obese female mice had higher peribronchial inflammation levels, neutrophil counts, Th1/Th17-related inflammatory cytokine levels, M1 macrophage polarization levels, and long isoform obR activation, which could be decreased by the obR blockade (Allo-Aca) or obR deficiency, suggesting a critical role of leptin/obR signaling in the pathogenesis of obesity-related neutrophilic airway inflammation in female mice. In in vitro experiments, leptin synergized with LPS/IFN-γ to promote the phosphorylation of the long isoform obR and JNK/STAT3/AKT signaling pathway members to increase M1 macrophage polarization, which was reversed by Allo-Aca. Moreover, leptin/obR-mediated M1 macrophage activity significantly elevated CXCL2 production and neutrophil recruitment by regulating the JNK/STAT3/AKT pathways. In clinical studies, obese patients with asthma had higher serum leptin levels and M1 macrophage polarization levels in induced sputum than non-obese patients with asthma. Serum leptin levels were positively correlated with M1 macrophage polarization levels in patients with asthma. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate leptin/obR signaling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity-related neutrophilic airway inflammation in females by promoting M1 macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongjun Wan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Gauthier M, Kale SL, Oriss TB, Gorry M, Ramonell RP, Dalton K, Ray P, Fahy JV, Seibold MA, Castro M, Jarjour N, Gaston B, Bleecker ER, Meyers DA, Moore W, Hastie AT, Israel E, Levy BD, Mauger D, Erzurum S, Comhair SA, Wenzel SE, Ray A. CCL5 is a potential bridge between type 1 and type 2 inflammation in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:94-106.e12. [PMID: 36893862 PMCID: PMC10330021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 (T1) inflammation (marked by IFN-γ expression) is now consistently identified in subsets of asthma cohorts, but how it contributes to disease remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We sought to understand the role of CCL5 in asthmatic T1 inflammation and how it interacts with both T1 and type 2 (T2) inflammation. METHODS CCL5, CXCL9, and CXCL10 messenger RNA expression from sputum bulk RNA sequencing, as well as clinical and inflammatory data were obtained from the Severe Asthma Research Program III (SARP III). CCL5 and IFNG expression from bronchoalveolar lavage cell bulk RNA sequencing was obtained from the Immune Mechanisms in Severe Asthma (IMSA) cohort and expression related to previously identified immune cell profiles. The role of CCL5 in tissue-resident memory T-cell (TRM) reactivation was evaluated in a T1high murine severe asthma model. RESULTS Sputum CCL5 expression strongly correlated with T1 chemokines (P < .001 for CXCL9 and CXCL10), consistent with a role in T1 inflammation. CCL5high participants had greater fractional exhaled nitric oxide (P = .009), blood eosinophils (P < .001), and sputum eosinophils (P = .001) in addition to sputum neutrophils (P = .001). Increased CCL5 bronchoalveolar lavage expression was unique to a previously described T1high/T2variable/lymphocytic patient group in the IMSA cohort, with IFNG trending with worsening lung obstruction only in this group (P = .083). In a murine model, high expression of the CCL5 receptor CCR5 was observed in TRMs and was consistent with a T1 signature. A role for CCL5 in TRM activation was supported by the ability of the CCR5 inhibitor maraviroc to blunt reactivation. CONCLUSION CCL5 appears to contribute to TRM-related T1 neutrophilic inflammation in asthma while paradoxically also correlating with T2 inflammation and with sputum eosinophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Gauthier
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa.
| | - Sagar Laxman Kale
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Timothy B Oriss
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Michael Gorry
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Richard P Ramonell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Kathryn Dalton
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Prabir Ray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - John V Fahy
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Max A Seibold
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health and Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo
| | - Mario Castro
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kan
| | - Nizar Jarjour
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, Wis
| | - Benjamin Gaston
- Riley Hospital for Children and Indiana University School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Eugene R Bleecker
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Deborah A Meyers
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Wendy Moore
- Section on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy & Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Annette T Hastie
- Section on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy & Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Elliot Israel
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - David Mauger
- Division of Statistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pa
| | - Serpil Erzurum
- Lerner Research Institute, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Suzy A Comhair
- Lerner Research Institute, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa; Department of Environmental and Occupation Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Anuradha Ray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
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10
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Ricciardolo FLM, Guida G, Bertolini F, Di Stefano A, Carriero V. Phenotype overlap in the natural history of asthma. Eur Respir Rev 2023; 32:32/168/220201. [PMID: 37197769 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0201-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of asthma makes it challenging to unravel the pathophysiologic mechanisms of the disease. Despite the wealth of research identifying diverse phenotypes, many gaps still remain in our knowledge of the disease's complexity. A crucial aspect is the impact of airborne factors over a lifetime, which often results in a complex overlap of phenotypes associated with type 2 (T2), non-T2 and mixed inflammation. Evidence now shows overlaps between the phenotypes associated with T2, non-T2 and mixed T2/non-T2 inflammation. These interconnections could be induced by different determinants such as recurrent infections, environmental factors, T-helper plasticity and comorbidities, collectively resulting in a complex network of distinct pathways generally considered as mutually exclusive. In this scenario, we need to abandon the concept of asthma as a disease characterised by distinct traits grouped into static segregated categories. It is now evident that there are multiple interplays between the various physiologic, cellular and molecular features of asthma, and the overlap of phenotypes cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio L M Ricciardolo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Severe Asthma and Rare Lung Disease Unit, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council (IFT-CNR), section of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Guida
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Severe Asthma and Rare Lung Disease Unit, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Bertolini
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Severe Asthma and Rare Lung Disease Unit, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Department of Pneumology and Laboratory of Cytoimmunopathology of the Heart and Lung, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA, IRCCS, Novara, Italy
| | - Vitina Carriero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Severe Asthma and Rare Lung Disease Unit, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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11
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Ji T, Li H. T-helper cells and their cytokines in pathogenesis and treatment of asthma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1149203. [PMID: 37377958 PMCID: PMC10291091 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1149203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prosperous advances in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of chronic inflammation and airway remodeling in asthma have been made over the past several decades. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by reversible airway obstruction that is self-resolving or remits with treatment. Around half of asthma patients are "Type-2-high" asthma with overexpression of type 2 inflammatory pathways and elevated type 2 cytokines. When stimulated by allergens, airway epithelial cells secrete IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP to derive a Th2 immune response. First ILC2 followed by Th2 cells produces a series of cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. TFH cells control IgE synthesis by secreting IL-4 to allergen-specific B cells. IL-5 promotes eosinophil inflammation, while IL-13 and IL-4 are involved in goblet cell metaplasia and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Currently, "Type-2 low" asthma is defined as asthma with low levels of T2 biomarkers due to the lack of reliable biomarkers, which is associated with other Th cells. Th1 and Th17 are capable of producing cytokines that recruit neutrophils, such as IFN-γ and IL-17, to participate in the development of "Type-2-low" asthma. Precision medicine targeting Th cells and related cytokines is essential in the management of asthma aiming at the more appropriate patient selection and better treatment response. In this review, we sort out the pathogenesis of Th cells in asthma and summarize the therapeutic approaches involved as well as potential research directions.
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12
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Carroll OR, Pillar AL, Brown AC, Feng M, Chen H, Donovan C. Advances in respiratory physiology in mouse models of experimental asthma. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1099719. [PMID: 37008013 PMCID: PMC10060990 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1099719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in mouse models of experimental asthma coupled with vast improvements in systems that assess respiratory physiology have considerably increased the accuracy and human relevance of the outputs from these studies. In fact, these models have become important pre-clinical testing platforms with proven value and their capacity to be rapidly adapted to interrogate emerging clinical concepts, including the recent discovery of different asthma phenotypes and endotypes, has accelerated the discovery of disease-causing mechanisms and increased our understanding of asthma pathogenesis and the associated effects on lung physiology. In this review, we discuss key distinctions in respiratory physiology between asthma and severe asthma, including the magnitude of airway hyperresponsiveness and recently discovered disease drivers that underpin this phenomenon such as structural changes, airway remodeling, airway smooth muscle hypertrophy, altered airway smooth muscle calcium signaling, and inflammation. We also explore state-of-the-art mouse lung function measurement techniques that accurately recapitulate the human scenario as well as recent advances in precision cut lung slices and cell culture systems. Furthermore, we consider how these techniques have been applied to recently developed mouse models of asthma, severe asthma, and asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap, to examine the effects of clinically relevant exposures (including ovalbumin, house dust mite antigen in the absence or presence of cigarette smoke, cockroach allergen, pollen, and respiratory microbes) and to increase our understanding of lung physiology in these diseases and identify new therapeutic targets. Lastly, we focus on recent studies that examine the effects of diet on asthma outcomes, including high fat diet and asthma, low iron diet during pregnancy and predisposition to asthma development in offspring, and environmental exposures on asthma outcomes. We conclude our review with a discussion of new clinical concepts in asthma and severe asthma that warrant investigation and how we could utilize mouse models and advanced lung physiology measurement systems to identify factors and mechanisms with potential for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia R. Carroll
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Amber L. Pillar
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexandra C. Brown
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Min Feng
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hui Chen
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chantal Donovan
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Chantal Donovan,
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13
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Deng L, Jian Z, Xu T, Li F, Deng H, Zhou Y, Lai S, Xu Z, Zhu L. Macrophage Polarization: An Important Candidate Regulator for Lung Diseases. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052379. [PMID: 36903624 PMCID: PMC10005642 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are crucial components of the immune system and play a critical role in the initial defense against pathogens. They are highly heterogeneous and plastic and can be polarized into classically activated macrophages (M1) or selectively activated macrophages (M2) in response to local microenvironments. Macrophage polarization involves the regulation of multiple signaling pathways and transcription factors. Here, we focused on the origin of macrophages, the phenotype and polarization of macrophages, as well as the signaling pathways associated with macrophage polarization. We also highlighted the role of macrophage polarization in lung diseases. We intend to enhance the understanding of the functions and immunomodulatory features of macrophages. Based on our review, we believe that targeting macrophage phenotypes is a viable and promising strategy for treating lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishuang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Zhijie Jian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Tong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Fengqin Li
- College of Animal Science, Xichang University, Xichang 615000, China
| | - Huidan Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Yuancheng Zhou
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Siyuan Lai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 625014, China
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-139-8160-4765 (L.Z.)
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 625014, China
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-139-8160-4765 (L.Z.)
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14
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Kermani NZ, Adcock IM, Djukanović R, Chung F, Schofield JPR. Systems Biology in Asthma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1426:215-235. [PMID: 37464123 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32259-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The application of mathematical and computational analysis, together with the modelling of biological and physiological processes, is transforming our understanding of the pathophysiology of complex diseases. This systems biology approach incorporates large amounts of genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, breathomic, metagenomic and imaging data from disease sites together with deep clinical phenotyping, including patient-reported outcomes. Integration of these datasets will provide a greater understanding of the molecular pathways associated with severe asthma in each individual patient and determine their personalised treatment regime. This chapter describes some of the data integration methods used to combine data sets and gives examples of the results obtained using single datasets and merging of multiple datasets (data fusion and data combination) from several consortia including the severe asthma research programme (SARP) and the Unbiased Biomarkers Predictive of Respiratory Disease Outcomes (U-BIOPRED) consortia. These results highlight the involvement of several different immune and inflammatory pathways and factors in distinct subsets of patients with severe asthma. These pathways often overlap in patients with distinct clinical features of asthma, which may explain the incomplete or no response in patients undergoing specific targeted therapy. Collaboration between groups will improve the predictions obtained using a systems medicine approach in severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Zounemat Kermani
- Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ian M Adcock
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ratko Djukanović
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Fan Chung
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - James P R Schofield
- Centre for Proteomic Research, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- TopMD Precision Medicine Ltd, Southampton, UK
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15
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Ray A, Das J, Wenzel SE. Determining asthma endotypes and outcomes: Complementing existing clinical practice with modern machine learning. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100857. [PMID: 36543110 PMCID: PMC9798025 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is unprecedented opportunity to use machine learning to integrate high-dimensional molecular data with clinical characteristics to accurately diagnose and manage disease. Asthma is a complex and heterogeneous disease and cannot be solely explained by an aberrant type 2 (T2) immune response. Available and emerging multi-omics datasets of asthma show dysregulation of different biological pathways including those linked to T2 mechanisms. While T2-directed biologics have been life changing for many patients, they have not proven effective for many others despite similar biomarker profiles. Thus, there is a great need to close this gap to understand asthma heterogeneity, which can be achieved by harnessing and integrating the rich multi-omics asthma datasets and the corresponding clinical data. This article presents a compendium of machine learning approaches that can be utilized to bridge the gap between predictive biomarkers and actual causal signatures that are validated in clinical trials to ultimately establish true asthma endotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Ray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3459 Fifth Avenue, MUH 628 NW, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Jishnu Das
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3459 Fifth Avenue, MUH 628 NW, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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16
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Thio CLP, Lai ACY, Wang JC, Chi PY, Chang YL, Ting YT, Chen SY, Chang YJ. Identification of a PD-L1+Tim-1+ iNKT subset that protects against fine particulate matter-induced airway inflammation. JCI Insight 2022; 7:164157. [PMID: 36477357 PMCID: PMC9746902 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.164157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although air pollutants such as fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are associated with acute and chronic lung inflammation, the etiology of PM2.5-induced airway inflammation remains poorly understood. Here we report that PM2.5 triggered airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and neutrophilic inflammation with concomitant increases in Th1 and Th17 responses and epithelial cell apoptosis. We found that γδ T cells promoted neutrophilic inflammation and AHR through IL-17A. Unexpectedly, we found that invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells played a protective role in PM2.5-induced pulmonary inflammation. Specifically, PM2.5 activated a suppressive CD4- iNKT cell subset that coexpressed Tim-1 and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Activation of this suppressive subset was mediated by Tim-1 recognition of phosphatidylserine on apoptotic cells. The suppressive iNKT subset inhibited γδ T cell expansion and intrinsic IL-17A production, and the inhibitory effects of iNKT cells on the cytokine-producing capacity of γδ T cells were mediated in part by PD-1/PD-L1 signaling. Taken together, our findings underscore a pathogenic role for IL-17A-producing γδ T cells in PM2.5-elicited inflammation and identify PD-L1+Tim-1+CD4- iNKT cells as a protective subset that prevents PM2.5-induced AHR and neutrophilia by inhibiting γδ T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jo-Chiao Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Chi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Lin Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tse Ting
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Jen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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17
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Bryant N, Muehling LM. T-cell responses in asthma exacerbations. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022; 129:709-718. [PMID: 35918022 PMCID: PMC9987567 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Asthma is a chronic lung disease comprising multiple endotypes and characterized by periodic exacerbations. A diverse array of T cells has been found to contribute to all endotypes of asthma in pathogenic and regulatory roles. Here, we review the contributions of CD4+, CD8+, and unconventional T cells in allergic and nonallergic asthma. DATA SOURCES Review of published literature pertaining to conventional and unconventional T-cell types in asthma. STUDY SELECTIONS Recent peer-reviewed articles pertaining to T cells in asthma, with additional peer-reviewed studies for context. RESULTS Much research in asthma has focused on the roles of CD4+ TH cells. Roles for TH2 cells in promoting allergic asthma pathogenesis have been well-described, and the recent description of pathogenic TH2A cells provides additional insight into these responses. Other TH types, notably TH1 and TH17, have been linked to neutrophilic and steroid-resistant asthma phenotypes. Beyond CD4+ T cells, CD8+ Tc2 cells are also strongly associated with allergic asthma. An emerging area for study is unconventional T-cell types, including γδT, invariant natural killer T, and mucosal-associated invariant T cells. Although data in asthma remain limited for these cells, their ability to bridge innate and adaptive responses likely makes them key players in asthma. A number of asthma therapies target T-cell responses, and, although data are limited, they seem to modulate T-cell populations. CONCLUSION Given the diversity and heterogeneity of asthma and T-cell responses, there remain many rich avenues for research to better understand the pathogenesis of asthma. Despite the breadth of T cells in asthma, approved therapeutics remain limited to TH2 networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Bryant
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Lyndsey M Muehling
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.
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18
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Yurakova TR, Gubernatorova EO, Gorshkova EA, Nosenko MA, Nedospasov SA, Drutskaya MS. HDM induces distinct immunometabolic phenotype in macrophages in TLR4-dependent manner. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166531. [PMID: 36038040 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases. In many cases it is preceded by the development of an immune response to allergens such as animal fur, dust, pollens and etc. In human population this disease is heterogeneous, and no selective drugs are available at the moment for some endotypes of asthma. The role of the adaptive immune system in the pathogenesis of asthma was extensively studied, while the role of innate immune cells, in particular myeloid cells, was not sufficiently addressed. Myeloid cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, are characterized by high plasticity, heterogenicity and ability to undergo polarization in response to various pathogenic stimuli, including those engaging innate immune receptors. Recently, special attention was drawn to the link between polarization of macrophages and cell metabolism. We hypothesized that immunometabolic reprogramming of myeloid cells, in particular, of macrophages and dendritic cells during sensitization with an allergen may affect further immune response and asthma development. To test this hypothesis, we generated distinct types of myeloid cells in vitro from murine bone marrow and analyzed their immunometabolic profiles upon activation with house dust mite extract (HDM) and its key active components. We found that the combination of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and beta-glucan is sufficient to upregulate proinflammatory cytokine production as well as respiratory and glycolytic capacity of myeloid cells, comparably to HDM. This specific immunometabolic phenotype was associated with altered mitochondrial morphology and possibly with increased ROS production in macrophages. Moreover, we found that both TNF production and metabolic remodeling of macrophages in response to HDM are TLR4-dependent processes. Altogether, these results expand our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying asthma induction and pathogenesis and may potentially lead to new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisiya R Yurakova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Division of Immunobiology and Biomedicine, Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Federal Territory Sirius, Russia
| | | | - Ekaterina A Gorshkova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim A Nosenko
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Sergei A Nedospasov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Division of Immunobiology and Biomedicine, Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Federal Territory Sirius, Russia; Faculty of Biology and Belozersky Insitute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina S Drutskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Division of Immunobiology and Biomedicine, Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Federal Territory Sirius, Russia.
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19
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Kim JY, Stevens P, Karpurapu M, Lee H, Englert JA, Yan P, Lee TJ, Pabla N, Pietrzak M, Park GY, Christman JW, Chung S. Targeting ETosis by miR-155 inhibition mitigates mixed granulocytic asthmatic lung inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:943554. [PMID: 35958610 PMCID: PMC9360579 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.943554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is phenotypically heterogeneous with several distinctive pathological mechanistic pathways. Previous studies indicate that neutrophilic asthma has a poor response to standard asthma treatments comprising inhaled corticosteroids. Therefore, it is important to identify critical factors that contribute to increased numbers of neutrophils in asthma patients whose symptoms are poorly controlled by conventional therapy. Leukocytes release chromatin fibers, referred to as extracellular traps (ETs) consisting of double-stranded (ds) DNA, histones, and granule contents. Excessive components of ETs contribute to the pathophysiology of asthma; however, it is unclear how ETs drive asthma phenotypes and whether they could be a potential therapeutic target. We employed a mouse model of severe asthma that recapitulates the intricate immune responses of neutrophilic and eosinophilic airway inflammation identified in patients with severe asthma. We used both a pharmacologic approach using miR-155 inhibitor-laden exosomes and genetic approaches using miR-155 knockout mice. Our data show that ETs are present in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with mild asthma subjected to experimental subsegmental bronchoprovocation to an allergen and a severe asthma mouse model, which resembles the complex immune responses identified in severe human asthma. Furthermore, we show that miR-155 contributes to the extracellular release of dsDNA, which exacerbates allergic lung inflammation, and the inhibition of miR-155 results in therapeutic benefit in severe asthma mice. Our findings show that targeting dsDNA release represents an attractive therapeutic target for mitigating neutrophilic asthma phenotype, which is clinically refractory to standard care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Patrick Stevens
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Biomedical Informatics Shared Resources, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Manjula Karpurapu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Hyunwook Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Joshua A. Englert
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Pearlly Yan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Tae Jin Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Navjot Pabla
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Maciej Pietrzak
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Biomedical Informatics Shared Resources, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Gye Young Park
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - John W. Christman
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sangwoon Chung
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States
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Ni M, Chen Y, Sun X, Deng Y, Wang X, Zhang T, Wu Y, Yu L, Xu S, Yu H, Shuai Z, Pan F. DNA methylation and transcriptional profiles of IRF5 gene in ankylosing spondylitis: A case-control study. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109033. [PMID: 35810492 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) plays an important role in the inflammation and immune responses, but its association with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is under investigated. We aimed to examine the association of IRF5 promoter methylation patterns and transcript levels with the susceptibility to AS. METHODS A total of 60 AS patients and 60 healthy controls were included in this study. We used the bisulfite conversion to detect the DNA methylation pattern of IRF5 promoter in whole blood, and the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to detect the relative mRNA expression level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). RESULTS The overall methylation level of IRF5 promoter was lower in AS patients compared to healthy controls (P < 0.001). The methylation level of IRF5 promoter was negatively correlated with mRNA level (P = 0.005). The results of receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) showed that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.810 (P < 0.001), and the sensitivity and specificity were 71.67% and 85.00%, respectively. There were significant differences between the severe dysfunction group and healthy control group, and between the mild dysfunction group and healthy control group (P = 0.006 and P < 0.001, respectively). Only CRP was significantly correlated with mRNA relative level, while the others were not significant. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that IRF5 methylation profile may be involved in the pathological process of AS, and that it may help identify AS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Ni
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xiaoya Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Yujie Deng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xinqi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Ye Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Lingxiang Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Shenqian Xu
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuyang People's Hospital, 501 Sanqing Road, Fuyang, Anhui 236000, China
| | - Zongwen Shuai
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Faming Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
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Hong JH, Lee YC. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cicadidae Periostracum Extract and Oleic Acid through Inhibiting Inflammatory Chemokines Using PCR Arrays in LPS-Induced Lung inflammation In Vitro. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12060857. [PMID: 35743888 PMCID: PMC9225349 DOI: 10.3390/life12060857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of CP and OA treatments in LPS-stimulated lung epithelial cells on overall chemokines and their receptors using PCR arrays. In addition, we aimed to confirm those effects and mechanisms in LPS-stimulated lung macrophages on some chemokines and cytokines. In our study, CP treatments significantly inhibited the inflammatory mediators CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL6, CCL9, CCL11, CCL17, CCL20, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL5, CXCL7, CXCL10, TNF-α, and IL-6, while markedly suppressing NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation and the phosphorylations of PI3K p55, Akt, Erk1/2, p38, and NF-κB p65 in LPS-stimulated lung epithelial cells. CP treatments also significantly decreased the inflammatory mediators CCL2, CCL5, CCL17, CXCL1, and CXCL2, while markedly inhibiting phospho-PI3K p55 and iNOS expression in LPS-stimulated lung macrophages. Likewise, OA treatments significantly suppressed the inflammatory mediators CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL8, CCL11, CXCL1, CXCL3, CXCL5, CXCL7, CXCL10, CCRL2, TNF-α, and IL-6, while markedly reducing the phosphorylations of PI3K p85, PI3K p55, p38, JNK, and NF-κB p65 in LPS-stimulated lung epithelial cells. Finally, OA treatments significantly inhibited the inflammatory mediators CCL2, CCL5, CCL17, CXCL1, CXCL2, TNF-α, and IL-6, while markedly suppressing phospho-PI3K p55, iNOS, and Cox-2 in LPS-stimulated lung macrophages. These results prove that CP and OA treatments have anti-inflammatory effects on the inflammatory chemokines and cytokines by inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediators, including PI3K, Akt, MAPKs, NF-κB, iNOS, and Cox-2. These findings suggest that CP and OA are potential chemokine-based therapeutic substances for treating the lung and airway inflammation seen in allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Young-Cheol Lee
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-730-0672; Fax: +82-33-730-0653
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22
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Wang Y, Gu LF, Zhao X, Hu C, Chen Q. TFR1 expression in induced sputum is associated with asthma severity. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13474. [PMID: 35602900 PMCID: PMC9121881 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma is characterized as a chronic inflammatory airway disease. Iron accumulation is related to asthma pathogenesis. Transferrin receptor 1(TFR1) expression is associated with intracellular iron overload in macrophages. In our study, we explored the association among TFR1 expression, the inflammatory macrophage phenotype, and asthma severity. Methods Induced sputum was collected from 50 asthma patients. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate mRNA expression. The status of inflammatory macrophage phenotype was assessed using flow cytometry. Results TFR1 levels were inversely correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/vital capacity (VC). Among inflammatory cytokines, TFR1 expression was positively correlated with IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-17A mRNA expression in induced sputum. Moreover, TFR1 expression was positively correlated with the number of proinflammatory M1 macrophages and iNOS expression in induced sputum. Neutrophil counts in induced sputum were significantly and positively related to TFR1 expression. Furthermore, TFR1 expression showed an increasing trend in asthma patients with no family history. Our findings indicated that TFR1 expression was consistent with the asthma severity index, especially the proinflammatory M1 macrophage phenotype. TFR1 expression may be a good marker to indicate asthma severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - li Feng Gu
- Hunan Children’s Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xincheng Zhao
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Jackson D, Walum J, Banerjee P, Lewis BW, Prakash YS, Sathish V, Xu Z, Britt RD. Th1 cytokines synergize to change gene expression and promote corticosteroid insensitivity in pediatric airway smooth muscle. Respir Res 2022; 23:126. [PMID: 35578269 PMCID: PMC9109364 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Corticosteroids remain a key therapy for treating children with asthma. Patients with severe asthma are insensitive, resistant, or refractory to corticosteroids and have poorly controlled symptoms that involve airway inflammation, airflow obstruction, and frequent exacerbations. While the pathways that mediate corticosteroid insensitivity in asthma remain poorly defined, recent studies suggest that enhanced Th1 pathways, mediated by TNFα and IFNγ, may play a role. We previously reported that the combined effects of TNFα and IFNγ promote corticosteroid insensitivity in developing human airway smooth muscle (ASM).
Methods
To further understand the effects of TNFα and IFNγ on corticosteroid sensitivity in the context of neonatal and pediatric asthma, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) on human pediatric ASM treated with fluticasone propionate (FP), TNFα, and/or IFNγ.
Results
We found that TNFα had a greater effect on gene expression (~ 1000 differentially expressed genes) than IFNγ (~ 500 differentially expressed genes). Pathway and transcription factor analyses revealed enrichment of several pro-inflammatory responses and signaling pathways. Interestingly, treatment with TNFα and IFNγ augmented gene expression with more than 4000 differentially expressed genes. Effects of TNFα and IFNγ enhanced several pro-inflammatory genes and pathways related to ASM and its contributions to asthma pathogenesis, which persisted in the presence of corticosteroids. Co-expression analysis revealed several gene networks related to TNFα- and IFNγ-mediated signaling, pro-inflammatory mediator production, and smooth muscle contractility. Many of the co-expression network hubs were associated with genes that are insensitive to corticosteroids.
Conclusions
Together, these novel studies show the combined effects of TNFα and IFNγ on pediatric ASM and implicate Th1-associated cytokines in promoting ASM inflammation and hypercontractility in severe asthma.
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Sex Plays a Multifaceted Role in Asthma Pathogenesis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050650. [PMID: 35625578 PMCID: PMC9138801 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex is considered an important risk factor for asthma onset and exacerbation. The prevalence of asthma is higher in boys than in girls during childhood, which shows a reverse trend after puberty—it becomes higher in adult females than in adult males. In addition, asthma severity, characterized by the rate of hospitalization and relapse after discharge from the emergency department, is higher in female patients. Basic research indicates that female sex hormones enhance type 2 adaptive immune responses, and male sex hormones negatively regulate type 2 innate immune responses. However, whether hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women increases the risk of current asthma and asthma onset remains controversial in clinical settings. Recently, sex has also been shown to influence the pathophysiology of asthma in its relationship with genetic or other environmental factors, which modulate asthmatic immune responses in the airway mucosa. In this narrative review, we highlight the role of sex in the continuity of the asthmatic immune response from sensing allergens to Th2 cell activation based on our own data. In addition, we elucidate the interactive role of sex with genetic or environmental factors in asthma exacerbation in women.
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Chen G, Chen D, Feng Y, Wu W, Gao J, Chang C, Chen S, Zhen G. Identification of Key Signaling Pathways and Genes in Eosinophilic Asthma and Neutrophilic Asthma by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:805570. [PMID: 35187081 PMCID: PMC8847715 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.805570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with different subtypes including eosinophilic asthma (EA) and neutrophilic asthma (NA). However, the mechanisms underlying the difference between the two subtypes are not fully understood.Methods: Microarray datasets (GSE45111 and GSE137268) were acquired from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in induced sputum between EA (n = 24) and NA (n = 15) were identified by “Limma” package. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses and Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were used to explore potential signaling pathways. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were performed to identify the key genes that were strongly associated with EA and NA.Results: A total of 282 DEGs were identified in induced sputum of NA patients compared with EA patients. In GO and KEGG pathway analyses, DEGs were enriched in positive regulation of cytokine production, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. The results of GSEA showed that ribosome, Parkinson’s disease, and oxidative phosphorylation were positively correlated with EA while toll-like receptor signaling pathway, primary immunodeficiency, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway were positively correlated with NA. Using WGCNA analysis, we identified a set of genes significantly associated NA including IRFG, IRF1, STAT1, IFIH1, IFIT3, GBP1, GBP5, IFIT2, CXCL9, and CXCL11.Conclusion: We identified potential signaling pathways and key genes involved in the pathogenesis of the asthma subsets, especially in neutrophilic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongqi Chen
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Health Commission of People’s Republic of China, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Dian Chen
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Health Commission of People’s Republic of China, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuchen Feng
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Health Commission of People’s Republic of China, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenliang Wu
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Health Commission of People’s Republic of China, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiali Gao
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Health Commission of People’s Republic of China, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenli Chang
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Health Commission of People’s Republic of China, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengchong Chen
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Health Commission of People’s Republic of China, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Guohua Zhen
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Health Commission of People’s Republic of China, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Guohua Zhen,
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Early life exposure to house dust mite allergen prevents experimental allergic asthma requiring mitochondrial H 2O 2. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:154-164. [PMID: 34580428 PMCID: PMC8738138 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Immune tolerance to allergens in early-life decreases the risk for asthma in later life. Here we show establishment of stable airway tolerance to the allergen, house dust mite (HDM), by exposing newborn mice repeatedly to a low dose of the allergen. Lung dendritic cells (DCs) from tolerized mice induced a low Th2 response in vitro mirroring impact of tolerance in vivo. In line with our previous finding of increased mitochondrial H2O2 production from lung DCs of mice tolerized to ovalbumin, depletion of mitochondrial H2O2 in MCAT mice abrogated HDM-induced airway tolerance (Tol) with elevated Th2 effector response, airway eosinophilia, and increased airway hyperreactivity. WT-Tol mice displayed a decrease in total, cDC1 and cDC2 subsets in the lung as compared to that in naive mice. In contrast, the lungs of MCAT-Tol mice showed 3-fold higher numbers of cDCs including those of the subsets as compared to that in WT mice. Our study demonstrates an important role of mitochondrial H2O2 in constraining lung DC numbers towards establishment of early-life airway tolerance to allergens.
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Gauthier M, Kale SL, Oriss TB, Scholl K, Das S, Yuan H, Hu S, Chen J, Camiolo M, Ray P, Wenzel S, Ray A. Dual role for CXCR3 and CCR5 in asthmatic type 1 inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:113-124.e7. [PMID: 34146578 PMCID: PMC8674372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients with severe asthma (SA) fail to respond to type 2 inflammation-targeted therapies. We previously identified a cohort of subjects with SA expressing type 1 inflammation manifesting with IFN-γ expression and variable type 2 responses. OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of the chemotactic receptors C-X-C chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) and C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) in establishing type 1 inflammation in SA. METHODS Bronchoalveolar lavage microarray data from the Severe Asthma Research Program I/II were analyzed for pathway expression and paired with clinical parameters. Wild-type, Cxcr3-/-, and Ccr5-/- mice were exposed to a type 1-high SA model with analysis of whole lung gene expression and histology. Wild-type and Cxcr3-/- mice were treated with a US Food and Drug Administration-approved CCR5 inhibitor (maraviroc) with assessment of airway resistance, inflammatory cell recruitment by flow cytometry, whole lung gene expression, and histology. RESULTS A cohort of subjects with increased IFN-γ expression showed higher asthma severity. IFN-γ expression was correlated with CXCR3 and CCR5 expression, but in Cxcr3-/- and Ccr5-/- mice type 1 inflammation was preserved in a murine SA model, most likely owing to compensation by the other pathway. Incorporation of maraviroc into the experimental model blunted airway hyperreactivity despite only mild effects on lung inflammation. CONCLUSIONS IFNG expression in asthmatic airways was strongly correlated with expression of both the chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CCR5. Although these pathways provide redundancy for establishing type 1 lung inflammation, inhibition of the CCL5/CCR5 pathway with maraviroc provided unique benefits in reducing airway hyperreactivity. Targeting this pathway may be a novel approach for improving lung function in individuals with type 1-high asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Gauthier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa.
| | - Sagar Laxman Kale
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Timothy B Oriss
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa; Department of Immunology, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Kathryn Scholl
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Sudipta Das
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Huijuan Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Sanmei Hu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Matthew Camiolo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Prabir Ray
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa; Department of Immunology, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Sally Wenzel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa; The University of Pittsburgh School of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Anuradha Ray
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa; Department of Immunology, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa.
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Kim Y, Kim J, Mo Y, Park DE, Lee HS, Jung JW, Kang HR. Cigarette smoke extract contributes to the inception and aggravation of asthmatic inflammation by stimulating innate immunity. ALLERGY ASTHMA & RESPIRATORY DISEASE 2022. [DOI: 10.4168/aard.2022.10.3.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Kim
- Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeonghyeon Kim
- Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yosep Mo
- Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Da Eun Park
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Seung Lee
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Ryun Kang
- Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lewis BW, Jackson D, Amici SA, Walum J, Guessas M, Guessas S, Coneglio E, Boda AV, Guerau-de-Arellano M, Grayson MH, Britt RD. Corticosteroid insensitivity persists in the absence of STAT1 signaling in severe allergic airway inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L1194-L1205. [PMID: 34755542 PMCID: PMC8715027 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00244.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticosteroid insensitivity in asthma limits the ability to effectively manage severe asthma, which is characterized by persistent airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and airflow obstruction despite corticosteroid treatment. Recent reports indicate that corticosteroid insensitivity is associated with increased interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels and T-helper (Th) 1 lymphocyte infiltration in severe asthma. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) activation by IFN-γ is a key signaling pathway in Th1 inflammation; however, its role in the context of severe allergic airway inflammation and corticosteroid sensitivity remains unclear. In this study, we challenged wild-type (WT) and Stat1-/- mice with mixed allergens (MA) augmented with c-di-GMP [bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate], an inducer of Th1 cell infiltration with increased eosinophils, neutrophils, Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells. Compared with WT mice, Stat1-/- had reduced neutrophils, Th1, and Th17 cell infiltration. To evaluate corticosteroid sensitivity, mice were treated with either vehicle, 1 or 3 mg/kg fluticasone propionate (FP). Corticosteroids significantly reduced eosinophil infiltration and cytokine levels in both c-di-GMP + MA-challenged WT and Stat1-/- mice. However, histological and functional analyses show that corticosteroids did not reduce airway inflammation, epithelial mucous cell abundance, airway smooth muscle mass, and AHR in c-di-GMP + MA-challenged WT or Stat1-/- mice. Collectively, our data suggest that increased Th1 inflammation is associated with a decrease in corticosteroid sensitivity. However, increased airway pathology and AHR persist in the absence of STAT1 indicate corticosteroid insensitivity in structural airway cells is a STAT1 independent process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon W. Lewis
- 1Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Devine Jackson
- 1Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Stephanie A. Amici
- 5Division of Medical Laboratory Science, Wexner Medical Center, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Joshua Walum
- 1Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Manel Guessas
- 1Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sonia Guessas
- 1Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Elise Coneglio
- 1Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Akhila V. Boda
- 1Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mireia Guerau-de-Arellano
- 5Division of Medical Laboratory Science, Wexner Medical Center, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio,6Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio,7Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio,8Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mitchell H. Grayson
- 2Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio,3Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio,4Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Rodney D. Britt
- 1Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio,4Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Subramanian H, Hashem T, Bahal D, Kammala AK, Thaxton K, Das R. Ruxolitinib Ameliorates Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Lung Inflammation in a Corticosteroid-Resistant Murine Model of Severe Asthma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:786238. [PMID: 34777398 PMCID: PMC8586657 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.786238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma prevalence has increased considerably over the decades and it is now considered as one of the most common chronic disorders in the world. While the current anti-asthmatic therapies are effective for most asthma patients, there are 5-10% subjects whose disease is not controlled by such agents and they account for about 50% of the asthma-associated healthcare costs. Such patients develop severe asthma (SA), a condition characterized by a dominant Th1/Th17 cytokine response that is accompanied by Type 2 (T2)-low endotype. As JAK (Janus Kinase) signaling is very important for the activation of several cytokine pathways, we examined whether inhibition of JAKs might lessen the clinical and laboratory manifestations of SA. To that end, we employed a recently described murine model that recapitulates the complex immune response identified in the airways of human SA patients. To induce SA, mice were sensitized with house dust mite extract (HDME) and cyclic (c)-di-GMP and then subsequently challenged with HDME and a lower dose of c-di-GMP. In this model, treatment with the JAK inhibitor, Ruxolitinib, significantly ameliorated all the features of SA, including airway hyperresponsiveness and lung inflammation as well as total IgE antibody titers. Thus, these studies highlight JAKs as critical targets for mitigating the hyper-inflammation that occurs in SA and provide the framework for their incorporation into future clinical trials for patients that have severe or difficult-to manage asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hariharan Subramanian
- Department of Physiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Tanwir Hashem
- College of Natural Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Devika Bahal
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Ananth K Kammala
- Department of Physiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Kanedra Thaxton
- College of Natural Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Rupali Das
- Department of Physiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Camiolo MJ, Zhou X, Wei Q, Trejo Bittar HE, Kaminski N, Ray A, Wenzel SE. Machine learning implicates the IL-18 signaling axis in severe asthma. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e149945. [PMID: 34591794 PMCID: PMC8663569 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common disease with profoundly variable natural history and patient morbidity. Heterogeneity has long been appreciated, and much work has focused on identifying subgroups of patients with similar pathobiological underpinnings. Previous studies of the Severe Asthma Research Program (SARP) cohort linked gene expression changes to specific clinical and physiologic characteristics. While invaluable for hypothesis generation, these data include extensive candidate gene lists that complicate target identification and validation. In this analysis, we performed unsupervised clustering of the SARP cohort using bronchial epithelial cell gene expression data, identifying a transcriptional signature for participants suffering exacerbation-prone asthma with impaired lung function. Clinically, participants in this asthma cluster exhibited a mixed inflammatory process and bore transcriptional hallmarks of NF-κB and activator protein 1 (AP-1) activation, despite high corticosteroid exposure. Using supervised machine learning, we found a set of 31 genes that classified patients with high accuracy and could reconstitute clinical and transcriptional hallmarks of our patient clustering in an external cohort. Of these genes, IL18R1 (IL-18 Receptor 1) negatively associated with lung function and was highly expressed in the most severe patient cluster. We validated IL18R1 protein expression in lung tissue and identified downstream NF-κB and AP-1 activity, supporting IL-18 signaling in severe asthma pathogenesis and highlighting this approach for gene and pathway discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Camiolo
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xiuxia Zhou
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qi Wei
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Naftali Kaminski
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Anuradha Ray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sally E. Wenzel
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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32
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Camiolo MJ, Kale SL, Oriss TB, Gauthier M, Ray A. Immune responses and exacerbations in severe asthma. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 72:34-42. [PMID: 33773471 PMCID: PMC8460694 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Asthma as a clinical entity manifests with a broad spectrum of disease severity. Unlike milder asthma, severe disease is poorly controlled by inhaled corticosteroids, the current standard of care. Transcriptomic data, along with patient characteristics and response to biologics show that though Type 2 (T2) immune response remains an integral feature of asthma, additional molecular and immunologic factors may play important roles in pathogenesis. Mechanisms of T2 development, cellular sources of T2 cytokines and their relationship to additional immune pathways concurrently activated may distinguish several different subphenotypes, and perhaps endotypes of asthma, with differential response to non-specific and targeted anti-inflammatory therapies. Recent data have also associated non-T2 cytokines derived from T cells, particularly IFN-γ, and epithelial mediators with severe asthma. These topics and their relationships to acute asthma exacerbations are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Camiolo
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sagar L Kale
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Timothy B Oriss
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marc Gauthier
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anuradha Ray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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33
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Yu Y, Zhou Y, Di C, Zhao C, Chen J, Su W, Wu Q, Wu M, Su X, Xia Z. Increased airway epithelial cell-derived exosomes activate macrophage-mediated allergic inflammation via CD100 shedding. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8850-8862. [PMID: 34414666 PMCID: PMC8435458 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells (AECs) participate in allergic airway inflammation by producing mediators in response to allergen stimulation. Whether ovalbumin (OVA) challenge promotes exosome release from AECs (OVA‐challenged AEC‐derived exosomes (OAEs)), thereby affecting airway inflammation, as well as the underlying mechanisms, is unknown. Our study showed that AECs released an increased number of exosomes after OVA challenge, and the expression of Plexin B2 (PLXNB2; a natural CD100 ligand) was increased by a massive 85.7‐fold in OAEs than in PBS‐treated AEC‐derived exosomes (PAEs). CD100+F4/80+ macrophages engulfed OAEs to trigger the transcription of pro‐inflammatory chemokines and cytokines. Plxnb2 transcripts increased in asthmatic lungs, and similarly, PLXNB2 protein was highly enriched in exosomes purified from asthmatic bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Furthermore, aspiration of PLXNB2 or OAEs increased the recruitment of lung neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils and dendritic cells in OVA‐challenged mice. Mechanistically, OAE aspiration enhanced the cleavage of CD100 by MMP14, which manifested as an increase in the soluble CD100 (sCD100) level in BAL fluid and lung homogenates. Knockdown of Mmp14 in macrophages prevented the cleavage of CD100 and reduced Ccl2, Ccl5 and Cxcl2 transcription. These data indicate that PLXNB2‐containing OAEs aggravate airway asthmatic inflammation via cleavage of CD100 by MMP14, suggesting potential therapeutic targets of OAE‐mediated asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixia Di
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caiqi Zhao
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wu
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Xiao Su
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenwei Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Quoc QL, Choi Y, Thi Bich TC, Yang EM, Shin YS, Park HS. S100A9 in adult asthmatic patients: a biomarker for neutrophilic asthma. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1170-1179. [PMID: 34285336 PMCID: PMC8333352 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00652-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The biomarkers and therapeutic targets of neutrophilic asthma (NA) are poorly understood. Although S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) has been shown to correlate with neutrophil activation, its role in asthma pathogenesis has not been clarified. This study investigated the mechanism by which S100A9 is involved in neutrophil activation, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)-induced airway inflammation, and macrophage polarization in NA. The S100A9 levels (by ELISA) in sera/culture supernatant of peripheral blood neutrophils (PBNs) and M0 macrophages from asthmatic patients were measured and compared to those of healthy controls (HCs). The function of S100A9 was evaluated using airway epithelial cells (AECs) and PBNs/M0 macrophages from asthmatic patients, as well as a mouse asthma model. The serum levels of S100A9 were higher in NA patients than in non-NA patients, and there was a positive correlation between serum S100A9 levels and sputum neutrophil counts (r = 0.340, P = 0.005). Asthmatic patients with higher S100A9 levels had lower PC20 methacholine values and a higher prevalence of severe asthma (SA) (P < .050). PBNs/M0 macrophages from SA released more S100A9 than those from non-SA patients. PBNs from asthmatic patients induced S100A9 production by AECs, which further activated AECs via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, stimulated NET formation, and induced M1 macrophage polarization. Higher S100A9 levels in sera, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lung tissues were observed in the mouse model of NA but not in the other mouse models. These results suggest that S100A9 is a potential serum biomarker and therapeutic target for NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Luu Quoc
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Youngwoo Choi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Tra Cao Thi Bich
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Yang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yoo Seob Shin
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hae-Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
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35
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Santos RVC, Cunha EGC, de Mello GSV, Rizzo JÂ, de Oliveira JF, do Carmo Alves de Lima M, da Rocha Pitta I, da Rocha Pitta MG, de Melo Rêgo MJB. New Oxazolidines Inhibit the Secretion of IFN-γ and IL-17 by PBMCS from Moderate to Severe Asthmatic Patients. Med Chem 2021; 17:289-297. [PMID: 32914717 DOI: 10.2174/1573406416666200910151950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moderate to severe asthma could be induced by diverse proinflammatory cytokines, as IL-17 and IFN-γ, which are also related to treatment resistance and airway hyperresponsiveness. Oxazolidines emerged as a novel approach for asthma treatment, since some chemical peculiarities were suggested by previous studies. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to evaluate the IL-17A and IFN-γ modulatory effect of two new oxazolidine derivatives (LPSF/NB-12 and -13) on mononucleated cells of patients with moderate and severe asthma. METHODS The study first looked at potential targets for oxazolidine derivatives using SWISS-ADME. After the synthesis of the compounds, cytotoxicity and cytokine levels were analyzed. RESULTS We demonstrated that LPSF/NB-12 and -13 reduced IFN-γ and IL-17 production in peripheral blood mononucleated cells from asthmatic patients in a concentrated manner. Our in silico analysis showed the neurokinin-1 receptor as a common target for both compounds, which is responsible for diverse proinflammatory effects of moderate and severe asthma. CONCLUSION The work demonstrated a novel approach against asthma, which deserves further studies of its mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Virgínia Cavalcanti Santos
- Laboratorio de Imunomodulacao e Novas Abordagens Terapeuticas (LINAT), Nucleo de Pesquisa em Inovacao Terapeutica Suely Galdino (NUPIT-SG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Eudes Gustavo Constantino Cunha
- Laboratorio de Imunomodulacao e Novas Abordagens Terapeuticas (LINAT), Nucleo de Pesquisa em Inovacao Terapeutica Suely Galdino (NUPIT-SG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Souto Vieira de Mello
- Laboratorio de Imunomodulacao e Novas Abordagens Terapeuticas (LINAT), Nucleo de Pesquisa em Inovacao Terapeutica Suely Galdino (NUPIT-SG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - José Ângelo Rizzo
- Servico de Pneumologia, Hospital das Clinicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Jamerson Ferreira de Oliveira
- Laboratorio de Quimica e Inovacao Terapeutica (LQIT), Departamento de Antibioticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo Alves de Lima
- Laboratorio de Quimica e Inovacao Terapeutica (LQIT), Departamento de Antibioticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ivan da Rocha Pitta
- Laboratorio de Imunomodulacao e Novas Abordagens Terapeuticas (LINAT), Nucleo de Pesquisa em Inovacao Terapeutica Suely Galdino (NUPIT-SG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maira Galdino da Rocha Pitta
- Laboratorio de Imunomodulacao e Novas Abordagens Terapeuticas (LINAT), Nucleo de Pesquisa em Inovacao Terapeutica Suely Galdino (NUPIT-SG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Moacyr Jesus Barreto de Melo Rêgo
- Laboratorio de Imunomodulacao e Novas Abordagens Terapeuticas (LINAT), Nucleo de Pesquisa em Inovacao Terapeutica Suely Galdino (NUPIT-SG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
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36
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Fitzpatrick AM, Chipps BE, Holguin F, Woodruff PG. T2-"Low" Asthma: Overview and Management Strategies. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 8:452-463. [PMID: 32037109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the term "asthma" has been applied to all patients with airway lability and variable chest symptoms for centuries, phenotypes of asthma with distinct clinical and molecular features that may warrant different treatment approaches are well recognized. Patients with type 2 (T2)-"high" asthma are characterized by upregulation of T2 immune pathways (ie, IL-4 and IL-13 gene sets) and eosinophilic airway inflammation, whereas these features are absent in patients with T2-"low" asthma and may contribute to poor responsiveness to corticosteroid treatment. This review details definitions and clinical features of T2-"low" asthma, potential mechanisms and metabolic aspects, pediatric considerations, and potential treatment approaches. Priority research questions for T2-"low" asthma are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bradley E Chipps
- Capital Allergy and Respiratory Disease Center, Sacramento, Calif
| | - Fernando Holguin
- University of Colorado, Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Denver, Colo
| | - Prescott G Woodruff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
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Yan J, Pandey SP, Barnes BJ, Turner JR, Abraham C. T Cell-Intrinsic IRF5 Regulates T Cell Signaling, Migration, and Differentiation and Promotes Intestinal Inflammation. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107820. [PMID: 32610123 PMCID: PMC7409536 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IRF5 polymorphisms are associated with multiple immune-mediated diseases, including ulcerative colitis. IRF5 contributions are attributed to its role in myeloid lineages. How T cell-intrinsic IRF5 contributes to inflammatory outcomes is not well understood. We identify a previously undefined key role for T cell-intrinsic IRF5. In mice, IRF5 in CD4+ T cells promotes Th1- and Th17-associated cytokines and decreases Th2-associated cytokines. IRF5 is required for the optimal assembly of the TCR-initiated signaling complex and downstream signaling at early times, and at later times binds to promoters of Th1- and Th17-associated transcription factors and cytokines. IRF5 also regulates chemokine receptor-initiated signaling and, in turn, T cell migration. In vivo, IRF5 in CD4+ T cells enhances the severity of experimental colitis. Importantly, human CD4+ T cells from high IRF5-expressing disease-risk genetic carriers demonstrate increased chemokine-induced migration and Th1/Th17 cytokines and reduced Th2-associated and anti-inflammatory cytokines. These data demonstrate key roles for T cell-intrinsic IRF5 in inflammatory outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Surya P Pandey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Betsy J Barnes
- Center for Autoimmune and Musculoskeletal Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clara Abraham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Stoy N. Involvement of Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase 4 and Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 in the Immunopathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Implications for the Treatment of COVID-19. Front Immunol 2021; 12:638446. [PMID: 33936053 PMCID: PMC8085890 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.638446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) and interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) lie sequentially on a signaling pathway activated by ligands of the IL-1 receptor and/or multiple TLRs located either on plasma or endosomal membranes. Activated IRF5, in conjunction with other synergistic transcription factors, notably NF-κB, is crucially required for the production of proinflammatory cytokines in the innate immune response to microbial infection. The IRAK4-IRF5 axis could therefore have a major role in the induction of the signature cytokines and chemokines of the hyperinflammatory state associated with severe morbidity and mortality in COVID-19. Here a case is made for considering IRAK4 or IRF5 inhibitors as potential therapies for the "cytokine storm" of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Stoy
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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39
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Albers GJ, Iwasaki J, McErlean P, Ogger PP, Ghai P, Khoyratty TE, Udalova IA, Lloyd CM, Byrne AJ. IRF5 regulates airway macrophage metabolic responses. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 204:134-143. [PMID: 33423291 PMCID: PMC7944363 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) is a master regulator of macrophage phenotype and a key transcription factor involved in expression of proinflammatory cytokine responses to microbial and viral infection. Here, we show that IRF5 controls cellular and metabolic responses. By integrating ChIP sequencing (ChIP-Seq) and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC)-seq data sets, we found that IRF5 directly regulates metabolic genes such as hexokinase-2 (Hk2). The interaction of IRF5 and metabolic genes had a functional consequence, as Irf5-/- airway macrophages but not bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were characterized by a quiescent metabolic phenotype at baseline and had reduced ability to utilize oxidative phosphorylation after Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3 activation, in comparison to controls, ex vivo. In a murine model of influenza infection, IRF5 deficiency had no effect on viral load in comparison to wild-type controls but controlled metabolic responses to viral infection, as IRF5 deficiency led to reduced expression of Sirt6 and Hk2. Together, our data indicate that IRF5 is a key component of AM metabolic responses following influenza infection and TLR-3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. J. Albers
- Inflammation, Repair and Development SectionNational Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - J. Iwasaki
- Inflammation, Repair and Development SectionNational Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - P. McErlean
- Inflammation, Repair and Development SectionNational Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - P. P. Ogger
- Inflammation, Repair and Development SectionNational Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - P. Ghai
- Inflammation, Repair and Development SectionNational Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - T. E. Khoyratty
- The Kennedy Institute of RheumatologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - I. A. Udalova
- The Kennedy Institute of RheumatologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - C. M. Lloyd
- Inflammation, Repair and Development SectionNational Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - A. J. Byrne
- Inflammation, Repair and Development SectionNational Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
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40
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Xu C, Chen S, Deng Y, Song J, Li J, Chen X, Chang P, Yao L, Tang H. Distinct roles of PI3Kδ and PI3Kγ in a toluene diisocyanate-induced murine asthma model. Toxicology 2021; 454:152747. [PMID: 33711354 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
TDI-induced asthma is characterized by neutrophil-dominated airway inflammation and often associated with poor responsiveness to steroid treatment. Both PI3Kδ and PI3Kγ have been demonstrated to play important proinflammatory roles in ovalbumin-induced asthma. We've already reported that blocking pan PI3K effectively attenuated TDI-induced allergic airway inflammation. Yet the specific functions of PI3Kδ and PI3Kγ in TDI-induced asthma are still unclear. Male BALB/c mice were first dermally sensitized and then challenged with TDI to generate an asthma model. Sellective inhibitors of PI3Kδ (IC-87114, AMG319) and PI3Kγ (AS252424, AS605240) were respectively given to the mice after each airway challenge. Treatment with IC-87114 or AMG319 after TDI exposure led to significantly decreased airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), less neutrophil and eosinophil accumulation, attenuated airway smooth muscle (ASM) thickening, less M1 and M2 macrophages in lung, as well as lower levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-18 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and recovered IL-10 production. While mice treated with AS252424 or AS605240 had increased AHR, more severe ASM thickening, larger numbers of neutrophils and eosinophils, more M1 but less M2 macrophages, and higher BALF levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18 when compared with those treated with vehicle. These data revealed that pharmacological inhibition of PI3Kδ attenuates TDI-induced airway inflammation while PI3Kγ inhibition exacerbates TDI-induced asthma, indicating distinct biological functions of PI3Kδ and PI3Kγ in TDI-induced asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Lianyungang, China
| | - Shuyu Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518020, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Deng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiafu Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Chang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Haixiong Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Hinks TSC, Levine SJ, Brusselle GG. Treatment options in type-2 low asthma. Eur Respir J 2021; 57:13993003.00528-2020. [PMID: 32586877 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00528-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies targeting IgE or the type-2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13 are proving highly effective in reducing exacerbations and symptoms in people with severe allergic and eosinophilic asthma, respectively. However, these therapies are not appropriate for 30-50% of patients in severe asthma clinics who present with non-allergic, non-eosinophilic, "type-2 low" asthma. These patients constitute an important and common clinical asthma phenotype, driven by distinct, yet poorly understood pathobiological mechanisms. In this review we describe the heterogeneity and clinical characteristics of type-2 low asthma and summarise current knowledge on the underlying pathobiological mechanisms, which includes neutrophilic airway inflammation often associated with smoking, obesity and occupational exposures and may be driven by persistent bacterial infections and by activation of a recently described IL-6 pathway. We review the evidence base underlying existing treatment options for specific treatable traits that can be identified and addressed. We focus particularly on severe asthma as opposed to difficult-to-treat asthma, on emerging data on the identification of airway bacterial infection, on the increasing evidence base for the use of long-term low-dose macrolides, a critical appraisal of bronchial thermoplasty, and evidence for the use of biologics in type-2 low disease. Finally, we review ongoing research into other pathways including tumour necrosis factor, IL-17, resolvins, apolipoproteins, type I interferons, IL-6 and mast cells. We suggest that type-2 low disease frequently presents opportunities for identification and treatment of tractable clinical problems; it is currently a rapidly evolving field with potential for the development of novel targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S C Hinks
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Nuffield Dept of Medicine, Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stewart J Levine
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Guy G Brusselle
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Depts of Epidemiology and Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Lee HY, Hur J, Kang JY, Rhee CK, Lee SY. MicroRNA-21 Inhibition Suppresses Alveolar M2 Macrophages in an Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Asthma Mice Model. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2021; 13:312-329. [PMID: 33474864 PMCID: PMC7840870 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2021.13.2.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) influences the Th2 immune pathway by suppressing the expressions of interleukin (IL)-12 and interferon (IFN)-γ. The effects of miR-21 suppression on alveolar macrophage polarization and airway inflammation are not known. Methods BALB/c and miR-21 knockout (KO) mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). The anti-miR-21 antagomir was administered to BALB/c mice by intranasal inhalation from the day of OVA sensitization. Changes in cell counts, cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) were examined. Total, M1, and M2 macrophages were examined in the lung tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC). M2 macrophages from the OVA mice lung were inhaled into the anti-miR-21 antagomir-treated asthmatic mice. Moreover, the polarization of M0 to M2 macrophages upon IL-4 stimulation was analyzed after anti-miR-21 antagomir transfection. Results The miR-21 KO mice showed decreases in AHR, total cell and eosinophil counts in BALF, and in the levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13. Expression of IL-12 and IFN-γ were increased in the miR-21 KO mice. Peribronchial inflammation and goblet cell dysplasia were significantly decreased in the lung tissues of miR-21 KO OVA mice compared to the wild type OVA mice. IHC for M1, M2, and total macrophage in the lung tissues showed that miR-21 inhalation suppressed alveolar M2 macrophages in KO mice. M2 macrophage inhalation restored AHR and eosinophilic airway inflammation in the miR-21 antagomir-treated mice. Moreover, anti-miR-21 antagomir transfection decreased the expression of M2 markers and increased the expression of M1 markers in M0 macrophages after IL-4 stimulation. Conclusions The results suggest that miR-21 antagonism could suppress alveolar M2 macrophage polarization, decreasing not only the Th2 eosinophilic airway inflammation but also AHR and airway remodeling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Young Lee
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hur
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Kang
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chin Kook Rhee
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sook Young Lee
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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Mikami M, Yocum GT, Heller NM, Emala CW. Reduced allergic lung inflammation and airway responsiveness in mice lacking the cytoskeletal protein gelsolin. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L833-L842. [PMID: 32902333 PMCID: PMC7789977 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00065.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle hyperresponsiveness associated with chronic airway inflammation leads to the typical symptoms of asthma including bronchoconstriction and wheezing. Asthma severity is associated with airway inflammation; therefore reducing airway inflammation is an important therapeutic target. Gelsolin is an actin capping and severing protein that has been reported to be involved in modulation of the inflammatory response. Using mice genetically lacking gelsolin, we evaluated the role of gelsolin in the establishment of house dust mite (HDM) antigen-induced allergic lung inflammation. The genetic absence of gelsolin was found to be protective against HDM sensitization, resulting in reduced lung inflammation, inflammatory cytokines and Muc5AC protein in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. The number of eosinophils, lymphocytes and interstitial macrophages in the BAL were increased after HDM sensitization in wild type mice, but were attenuated in gelsolin null mice. The observed attenuation of inflammation may be partly due to delayed migration of immune cells, because the reduced eosinophils in the BALs from gelsolin null mice compared to controls occurred despite similar amounts of the chemoattractant eotaxin. Splenic T cells demonstrated similar proliferation rates, but ex vivo alveolar macrophage migration was delayed in gelsolin null mice. In vivo, the reduced lung inflammation after HDM sensitization in gelsolin null mice was associated with significantly diminished airway resistance to inhaled methacholine compared with HDM-treated wild type mice. Our results suggest that modulation of gelsolin expression or function in selective inflammatory cell types that modulate allergic lung inflammation could be a therapeutic approach for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Mikami
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Gene T. Yocum
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Nicola M. Heller
- 2Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Charles W. Emala
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Rich HE, Antos D, Melton NR, Alcorn JF, Manni ML. Insights Into Type I and III Interferons in Asthma and Exacerbations. Front Immunol 2020; 11:574027. [PMID: 33101299 PMCID: PMC7546400 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.574027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a highly prevalent, chronic respiratory disease that impacts millions of people worldwide and causes thousands of deaths every year. Asthmatics display different phenotypes with distinct genetic components, environmental causes, and immunopathologic signatures, and are broadly characterized into type 2-high or type 2-low (non-type 2) endotypes by linking clinical characteristics, steroid responsiveness, and molecular pathways. Regardless of asthma severity and adequate disease management, patients may experience acute exacerbations of symptoms and a loss of disease control, often triggered by respiratory infections. The interferon (IFN) family represents a group of cytokines that play a central role in the protection against and exacerbation of various infections and pathologies, including asthma. Type I and III IFNs in particular play an indispensable role in the host immune system to fight off pathogens, which seems to be altered in both pediatric and adult asthmatics. Impaired IFN production leaves asthmatics susceptible to infection and with uncontrolled type 2 immunity, promotes airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and inflammation which can lead to asthma exacerbations. However, IFN deficiency is not observed in all asthmatics, and alterations in IFN expression may be independent of type 2 immunity. In this review, we discuss the link between type I and III IFNs and asthma both in general and in specific contexts, including during viral infection, co-infection, and bacterial/fungal infection. We also highlight several studies which examine the potential role for type I and III IFNs as asthma-related therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Rich
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Danielle Antos
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Natalie R Melton
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - John F Alcorn
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Michelle L Manni
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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45
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Yan J, Hedl M, Abraham C. Myeloid Cell-Intrinsic IRF5 Promotes T Cell Responses through Multiple Distinct Checkpoints In Vivo, and IRF5 Immune-Mediated Disease Risk Variants Modulate These Myeloid Cell Functions. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1024-1038. [PMID: 32690658 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Common IRF5 genetic risk variants associated with multiple immune-mediated diseases are a major determinant of interindividual variability in pattern-recognition receptor (PRR)-induced cytokines in myeloid cells. However, how myeloid cell-intrinsic IRF5 regulates the multiple distinct checkpoints mediating T cell outcomes in vivo and IRF5-dependent mechanisms contributing to these distinct checkpoints are not well defined. Using an in vivo Ag-specific adoptive T cell transfer approach into Irf5-/- mice, we found that T cell-extrinsic IRF5 regulated T cell outcomes at multiple critical checkpoints, including chemokine-mediated T cell trafficking into lymph nodes and PDK1-dependent soluble Ag uptake, costimulatory molecule upregulation, and secretion of Th1 (IL-12)- and Th17 (IL-23, IL-1β, and IL-6)-conditioning cytokines by myeloid cells, which then cross-regulated Th2 and regulatory T cells. IRF5 was required for PRR-induced MAPK and NF-κB activation, which, in turn, regulated these key outcomes in myeloid cells. Importantly, mice with IRF5 deleted from myeloid cells demonstrated T cell outcomes similar to those observed in Irf5-/- mice. Complementation of IL-12 and IL-23 was able to restore T cell differentiation both in vitro and in vivo in the context of myeloid cell-deficient IRF5. Finally, human monocyte-derived dendritic cells from IRF5 disease-associated genetic risk carriers leading to increased IRF5 expression demonstrated increased Ag uptake and increased PRR-induced costimulatory molecule expression and chemokine and cytokine secretion compared with monocyte-derived dendritic cells from low-expressing IRF5 genetic variant carriers. These data establish that myeloid cell-intrinsic IRF5 regulates multiple distinct checkpoints in T cell activation and differentiation and that these are modulated by IRF5 disease risk variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Matija Hedl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Clara Abraham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
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46
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Ray A, Camiolo M, Fitzpatrick A, Gauthier M, Wenzel SE. Are We Meeting the Promise of Endotypes and Precision Medicine in Asthma? Physiol Rev 2020; 100:983-1017. [PMID: 31917651 PMCID: PMC7474260 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00023.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While the term asthma has long been known to describe heterogeneous groupings of patients, only recently have data evolved which enable a molecular understanding of the clinical differences. The evolution of transcriptomics (and other 'omics platforms) and improved statistical analyses in combination with large clinical cohorts opened the door for molecular characterization of pathobiologic processes associated with a range of asthma patients. When linked with data from animal models and clinical trials of targeted biologic therapies, emerging distinctions arose between patients with and without elevations in type 2 immune and inflammatory pathways, leading to the confirmation of a broad categorization of type 2-Hi asthma. Differences in the ratios, sources, and location of type 2 cytokines and their relation to additional immune pathway activation appear to distinguish several different (sub)molecular phenotypes, and perhaps endotypes of type 2-Hi asthma, which respond differently to broad and targeted anti-inflammatory therapies. Asthma in the absence of type 2 inflammation is much less well defined, without clear biomarkers, but is generally linked with poor responses to corticosteroids. Integration of "big data" from large cohorts, over time, using machine learning approaches, combined with validation and iterative learning in animal (and human) model systems is needed to identify the biomarkers and tightly defined molecular phenotypes/endotypes required to fulfill the promise of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Ray
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Matthew Camiolo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Anne Fitzpatrick
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Marc Gauthier
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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47
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Brune Z, Rice MR, Barnes BJ. Potential T Cell-Intrinsic Regulatory Roles for IRF5 via Cytokine Modulation in T Helper Subset Differentiation and Function. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1143. [PMID: 32582209 PMCID: PMC7283537 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 (IRF5) is one of nine members of the IRF family of transcription factors. Although initially discovered as a key regulator of the type I interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokine arm of the innate immune response, IRF5 has now been found to also mediate pathways involved in cell growth and differentiation, apoptosis, metabolic homeostasis and tumor suppression. Hyperactivation of IRF5 has been implicated in numerous autoimmune diseases, chief among them systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease in which patients often share similar characteristics in terms of autoantibody production and strong genetic risk factors, yet also possess unique disease signatures. IRF5 pathogenic alleles contribute one of the strongest risk factors for SLE disease development. Multiple models of murine lupus have shown that loss of Irf5 is protective against disease development. In an attempt to elucidate the regulatory role(s) of IRF5 in driving SLE pathogenesis, labs have begun to examine the function of IRF5 in several immune cell types, including B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. A somewhat untouched area of research on IRF5 is in T cells, even though Irf5 knockout mice were reported to have skewing of T cell subsets from T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 17 (Th17) toward T helper 2 (Th2), indicating a potential role for IRF5 in T cell regulation. However, most studies attributed this T cell phenotype in Irf5 knockout mice to dysregulation of antigen presenting cell function rather than an intrinsic role for IRF5 in T cells. In this review, we offer a different interpretation of the literature. The role of IRF5 in T cells, specifically its control of T cell effector polarization and the resultant T cell-mediated cytokine production, has yet to be elucidated. A strong understanding of the regulatory role(s) of this key transcription factor in T cells is necessary for us to grasp the full picture of the complex pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases like SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarina Brune
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Matthew R. Rice
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Betsy J. Barnes
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Pediatrics, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
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Branchett WJ, Stölting H, Oliver RA, Walker SA, Puttur F, Gregory LG, Gabryšová L, Wilson MS, O'Garra A, Lloyd CM. A T cell-myeloid IL-10 axis regulates pathogenic IFN-γ-dependent immunity in a mouse model of type 2-low asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 145:666-678.e9. [PMID: 31445933 PMCID: PMC7014588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although originally defined as a type 2 (T2) immune-mediated condition, non-T2 cytokines, such as IFN-γ and IL-17A, have been implicated in asthma pathogenesis, particularly in patients with severe disease. IL-10 regulates TH cell phenotypes and can dampen T2 immunity to allergens, but its functions in controlling non-T2 cytokine responses in asthmatic patients are unclear. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine how IL-10 regulates the balance of TH cell responses to inhaled allergen. METHODS Allergic airway disease was induced in wild-type, IL-10 reporter, and conditional IL-10 or IL-10 receptor α (IL-10Rα) knockout mice by means of repeated intranasal administration of house dust mite (HDM). IL-10 and IFN-γ signaling were disrupted by using blocking antibodies. RESULTS Repeated HDM inhalation induced a mixed IL-13/IL-17A response and accumulation of IL-10-producing forkhead box P3-negative effector CD4+ T cells in the lungs. Ablation of T cell-derived IL-10 increased the IFN-γ and IL-17A response to HDM, reducing IL-13 levels and airway eosinophilia without affecting IgE levels or airway hyperresponsiveness. The increased IFN-γ response could be recapitulated by IL-10Rα deletion in CD11c+ myeloid cells or local IL-10Rα blockade. Disruption of the T cell-myeloid IL-10 axis resulted in increased pulmonary monocyte-derived dendritic cell numbers and increased IFN-γ-dependent expression of CXCR3 ligands by airway macrophages, which is suggestive of a feedforward loop of TH1 cell recruitment. Augmented IFN-γ responses in the HDM allergic airway disease model were accompanied by increased disruption of airway epithelium, which was reversed by therapeutic blockade of IFN-γ. CONCLUSIONS IL-10 from effector T cells signals to CD11c+ myeloid cells to suppress an atypical and pathogenic IFN-γ response to inhaled HDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Branchett
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Stölting
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Oliver
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simone A Walker
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Franz Puttur
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa G Gregory
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leona Gabryšová
- Immunoregulation and Infection Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark S Wilson
- Allergy and Anti-Helminth Immunity Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne O'Garra
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Immunoregulation and Infection Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clare M Lloyd
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Turkeltaub PC, Lockey RF, Holmes K, Friedmann E. Asthma and/or hay fever as predictors of fertility/impaired fecundity in U.S. women: National Survey of Family Growth. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18711. [PMID: 31822754 PMCID: PMC6904488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55259-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study addresses whether asthma and/or hay fever predict fertility and impaired fecundity. The lifetime number of pregnancies (fertility) and spontaneous pregnancy losses (impaired fecundity) in 10,847 women representative of the U.S. population 15 to 44 years of age with histories of diagnosed asthma and/or hay fever are analyzed in the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth using multivariable Poisson regression with multiple covariates and adjustments for complex sampling. Smokers have significantly increased fertility compared to nonsmokers. Smokers with asthma only have significantly increased fertility compared to other smokers. Higher fertility is associated with impaired fecundity (ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, stillbirth). Women with asthma (with and without hay fever) have significantly higher pregnancy losses than women without asthma. With increasing number of pregnancies, smokers have increased pregnancy losses compared to nonsmokers. Smokers, especially those with asthma only, have increased fertility and require special attention as to their family planning needs, reproductive health, and smoking cessation. Women with asthma, regardless of number of pregnancies, and smokers with higher numbers of pregnancies have high risk pregnancies that require optimal asthma/medical management prenatally and throughout pregnancy. Whether a proinflammatory asthma endotype underlies both the increased fertility and impaired fecundity associated with age and smoking is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard F Lockey
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, Florida, 33613, USA
| | - Katie Holmes
- Organizational Systems and Adult Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing, 655 W. Lombard St., Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, USA
- The Hilltop Institute, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland, 21250, USA
| | - Erika Friedmann
- Organizational Systems and Adult Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing, 655 W. Lombard St., Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, USA
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50
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Lambrecht BN, Hammad H, Fahy JV. The Cytokines of Asthma. Immunity 2019; 50:975-991. [PMID: 30995510 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 593] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease associated with type 2 cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13, which promote airway eosinophilia, mucus overproduction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), and immunogloubulin E (IgE) synthesis. However, only half of asthma patients exhibit signs of an exacerbated Type 2 response. "Type 2-low" asthma has different immune features: airway neutrophilia, obesity-related systemic inflammation, or in some cases, few signs of immune activation. Here, we review the cytokine networks driving asthma, placing these in cellular context and incorporating insights from cytokine-targeting therapies in the clinic. We discuss established and emerging paradigms in the context of the growing appreciation of disease heterogeneity and argue that the development of new and improved therapeutics will require understanding the diverse mechanisms underlying the spectrum of asthma pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Hamida Hammad
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - John V Fahy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
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