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Chiang W, Urban JM, Yanchik-Slade F, Stout A, Hammond JM, Nilsson BL, Gelbard HA, Krauss TD. Hybrid Amyloid Quantum Dot Nano-Bio Assemblies to Probe Neuroinflammatory Damage. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 39146244 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Various oligomeric species of amyloid-beta have been proposed to play different immunogenic roles in the cellular pathology of Alzheimer's Disease. The dynamic interconversion between various amyloid oligomers and fibrillar assemblies makes it difficult to elucidate the role each potential aggregation state may play in driving neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative pathology. The ability to identify the amyloid species that are key and essential drivers of these pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's Disease is of fundamental importance for also understanding downstream events including tauopathies that mediate neuroinflammation with neurologic deficits. Here, we report the design and construction of a quantum dot mimetic for larger spherical oligomeric amyloid species as an "endogenously" fluorescent proxy for this cytotoxic assembly of amyloid to investigate its role in inducing inflammatory and stress response states in neuronal and glial cell types. The design parameters and construction protocol developed here may be adapted for developing quantum dot nano-bio assemblies for other biological systems of interest, particularly neurodegenerative diseases involving other protein aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0216, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Jennifer M Urban
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0216, United States
| | - Francine Yanchik-Slade
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0216, United States
| | - Angela Stout
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery and Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Jennetta M Hammond
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery and Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Bradley L Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0216, United States
| | - Harris A Gelbard
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery and Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neuroscience, and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Todd D Krauss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0216, United States
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14627-0216, United States
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2
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Ke R, Viswakarma N, Menhart M, Singh SK, Kumar S, Srivastava P, Vishnoi K, Kashyap T, Srivastava D, Nair RS, Maienschein-Cline M, Wang X, Rana A, Rana B. MLK3 promotes prooncogenic signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma via TGFβ pathway. Oncogene 2024; 43:2307-2324. [PMID: 38858590 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a lethal disease, with limited therapeutic options. Mixed Lineage Kinase 3 (MLK3) is a key regulator of liver diseases, although its role in HCC remains unclear. Analysis of TCGA databases suggested elevated MAP3K11 (MLK3 gene) expression, and TMA studies showed higher MLK3 activation in human HCCs. To understand MLK3's role in HCC, we utlized carcinogen-induced HCC model and compared between wild-type and MLK3 knockout (MLK3-/-) mice. Our studies showed that MLK3 kinase activity is upregulated in HCC, and MLK3 deficiency alleviates HCC progression. MLK3 deficiency reduced proliferation in vivo and MLK3 inhibition reduced proliferation and colony formation in vitro. To obtain further insight into the mechanism and identify newer targets mediating MLK3-induced HCCs, RNA-sequencing analysis was performed. These showed that MLK3 deficiency modulates various gene signatures, including EMT, and reduces TGFB1&2 expressions. HCC cells overexpressing MLK3 promoted EMT via autocrine TGFβ signaling. Moreover, MLK3 deficiency attenuated activated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) signature, which is increased in wild-type. Interestingly, MLK3 promotes HSC activation via paracrine TGFβ signaling. These findings reveal TGFβ playing a key role at different steps of HCC, downstream of MLK3, implying MLK3-TGFβ axis to be an ideal drug target for advanced HCC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ke
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Navin Viswakarma
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- O2M Technologies, LLC, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Mary Menhart
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sunil Kumar Singh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Piush Srivastava
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kanchan Vishnoi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Tanushree Kashyap
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Deepti Srivastava
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Rakesh Sathish Nair
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | | | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Ajay Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Basabi Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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3
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Chiang W, Urban JM, Yanchik-Slade F, Stout A, Nilsson BL, Gelbard HA, Krauss TD. Hybrid Amyloid Quantum Dot Nanoassemblies to Probe Neuroinflammatory Damage. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.30.555592. [PMID: 37693630 PMCID: PMC10491264 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.30.555592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Various oligomeric species of amyloid-beta have been proposed to play different immunogenic roles in the cellular pathology of Alzheimer's Disease. However, investigating the role of a homogenous single oligomeric species has been difficult due to highly dynamic oligomerization and fibril formation kinetics that convert between many species. Here we report the design and construction of a quantum dot mimetic for larger spherical oligomeric amyloid species as an "endogenously" fluorescent proxy for this cytotoxic species to investigate its role in inducing inflammatory and stress response states in neuronal and glial cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Chiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | - Jennifer M. Urban
- Department of Chemistry, Rochester, New York 14627-0216, United States
| | | | - Angela Stout
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery and Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | | | - Harris A. Gelbard
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery and Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neuroscience, and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | - Todd D. Krauss
- Department of Chemistry, Rochester, New York 14627-0216, United States
- The Institute of Optics, Rochester, New York 14627-0216, United States
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4
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Kimura M, Iguchi T, Iwasawa K, Dunn A, Thompson WL, Yoneyama Y, Chaturvedi P, Zorn AM, Wintzinger M, Quattrocelli M, Watanabe-Chailland M, Zhu G, Fujimoto M, Kumbaji M, Kodaka A, Gindin Y, Chung C, Myers RP, Subramanian GM, Hwa V, Takebe T. En masse organoid phenotyping informs metabolic-associated genetic susceptibility to NASH. Cell 2022; 185:4216-4232.e16. [PMID: 36240780 PMCID: PMC9617783 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Genotype-phenotype associations for common diseases are often compounded by pleiotropy and metabolic state. Here, we devised a pooled human organoid-panel of steatohepatitis to investigate the impact of metabolic status on genotype-phenotype association. En masse population-based phenotypic analysis under insulin insensitive conditions predicted key non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-genetic factors including the glucokinase regulatory protein (GCKR)-rs1260326:C>T. Analysis of NASH clinical cohorts revealed that GCKR-rs1260326-T allele elevates disease severity only under diabetic state but protects from fibrosis under non-diabetic states. Transcriptomic, metabolomic, and pharmacological analyses indicate significant mitochondrial dysfunction incurred by GCKR-rs1260326, which was not reversed with metformin. Uncoupling oxidative mechanisms mitigated mitochondrial dysfunction and permitted adaptation to increased fatty acid supply while protecting against oxidant stress, forming a basis for future therapeutic approaches for diabetic NASH. Thus, "in-a-dish" genotype-phenotype association strategies disentangle the opposing roles of metabolic-associated gene variant functions and offer a rich mechanistic, diagnostic, and therapeutic inference toolbox toward precision hepatology. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kimura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Takuma Iguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kentaro Iwasawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Andrew Dunn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Wendy L Thompson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yosuke Yoneyama
- Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Praneet Chaturvedi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Aaron M Zorn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Michelle Wintzinger
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Mattia Quattrocelli
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Miki Watanabe-Chailland
- NMR-Based Metabolomics Core Facility, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Gaohui Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Masanobu Fujimoto
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Meenasri Kumbaji
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Asuka Kodaka
- Communication Design Center, Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | | | | | - Robert P Myers
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA 94404, USA; The Liver Company, Inc., Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
| | - G Mani Subramanian
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA 94404, USA; The Liver Company, Inc., Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
| | - Vivian Hwa
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Takanori Takebe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Communication Design Center, Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
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5
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Liu PW, Martin GL, Lin W, Huang W, Pande S, Aronovitz MJ, Davis RJ, Blanton RM. Mixed lineage kinase 3 requires a functional CRIB domain for regulation of blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, and left ventricular function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H513-H522. [PMID: 35867711 PMCID: PMC9448288 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00660.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3) modulates blood pressure and left ventricular function, but the mechanisms governing these effects remain unclear. In the current study, we therefore investigated the role of the MLK3 Cdc42/Rac interactive binding (CRIB) domain in cardiovascular physiology. We examined baseline and left ventricular pressure overload responses in a MLK3 CRIB mutant (MLK3C/C) mouse, which harbors point mutations in the CRIB domain to disrupt MLK3 activation by Cdc42. Male and female MLK3C/C mice displayed increased invasively measured blood pressure compared with wild-type (MLK3+/+) littermate controls. MLK3C/C mice of both sexes also developed left and right ventricular hypertrophy but normal baseline LV function by echocardiography and invasive hemodynamics. In LV tissue from MLK3C/C mice, map3k11 mRNA, which encodes MLK3, and MLK3 protein were reduced by 74 ± 6% and 73 ± 7%, respectively. After 1-wk LV pressure overload with 25-gauge transaortic constriction (TAC), male MLK3C/C mice developed no differences in LV hypertrophy but displayed reduction in the LV systolic indices ejection fraction and dP/dt normalized to instantaneous pressure. JNK activation was also reduced in LV tissue of MLK3C/C TAC mice. TAC induced MLK3 translocation from cytosolic fraction to membrane fraction in LV tissue from MLK3+/+ but not MLK3C/C mice. These findings identify a role of the MLK3 CRIB domain in MLK3 regulation of basal blood pressure and cardiac morphology, and in promoting the compensatory LV response to pressure overload.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we identified that the presence of two discrete point mutations within the Cdc42/Rac interaction and binding domain of the protein MLK3 recapitulates the effects of whole body MLK3 deletion on blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, and left ventricular compensation after pressure overload. These findings implicate the CRIB domain, and thus MLK3 activation by this domain, as critical for maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wen Liu
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gregory L Martin
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Weiyu Lin
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wanting Huang
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Suchita Pande
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark J Aronovitz
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Roger J Davis
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Robert M Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
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6
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Sun J, Zhang D, Li Y. Extracellular Vesicles in Pathogenesis and Treatment of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Front Physiol 2022; 13:909518. [PMID: 35770186 PMCID: PMC9234305 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.909518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide due to the sedentary and overeating lifestyle. Yet, the pathophysiology of MAFLD is still unclear and no drug has been approved for MAFLD treatment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogenous membrane-bound particles released from almost all types of cells. These nano-sized particles mediate intercellular communication through their bioactive cargos including nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. The EVs modulate metabolic homeostasis via communication between adipose tissue and liver. The dysregulation of lipid metabolism leads to inflammation in liver and the number and compounds of EVs are changed during MAFLD. The injured hepatocytes secrete EVs to induce the migration of bone marrow-derived monocytes and the activation of macrophages in liver. The EVs secreted by different cells regulate the alteration of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) phenotypes and HSC activation gives rise to liver fibrosis. Based on the participation of EVs in MAFLD progression, we discuss the prospects of EVs as a therapeutic target and their application in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dianbao Zhang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yiling Li, ; Dianbao Zhang,
| | - Yiling Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yiling Li, ; Dianbao Zhang,
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7
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Dai C, Zhu J, Huang H. 混合谱系激酶3在心血管疾病中的研究进展. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2022-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Miller-Rhodes P, Li H, Velagapudi R, Chiang W, Terrando N, Gelbard HA. URMC-099 prophylaxis prevents hippocampal vascular vulnerability and synaptic damage in an orthopedic model of delirium superimposed on dementia. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22343. [PMID: 35535564 PMCID: PMC9175136 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200184rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Systemic perturbations can drive a neuroimmune cascade after surgical trauma, including affecting the blood-brain barrier (BBB), activating microglia, and contributing to cognitive deficits such as delirium. Delirium superimposed on dementia (DSD) is a particularly debilitating complication that renders the brain further vulnerable to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, albeit these molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we have used an orthopedic model of tibial fracture/fixation in APPSwDI/mNos2-/- AD (CVN-AD) mice to investigate relevant pathogenetic mechanisms underlying DSD. We conducted the present study in 6-month-old CVN-AD mice, an age at which we speculated amyloid-β pathology had not saturated BBB and neuroimmune functioning. We found that URMC-099, our brain-penetrant anti-inflammatory neuroprotective drug, prevented inflammatory endothelial activation, breakdown of the BBB, synapse loss, and microglial activation in our DSD model. Taken together, our data link post-surgical endothelial activation, microglial MafB immunoreactivity, and synapse loss as key substrates for DSD, all of which can be prevented by URMC-099.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Miller-Rhodes
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Herman Li
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Ravikanth Velagapudi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wesley Chiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Niccolò Terrando
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Harris A Gelbard
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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9
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Chen X, Qi G, Fang F, Miao Y, Wang L. Silence of MLK3 alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced lung epithelial cell injury via inhibiting p53-mediated ferroptosis. J Mol Histol 2022; 53:503-510. [PMID: 35247112 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-022-10064-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The injury and apoptosis of lung epithelial cells play crucial roles in the progression of ALI. Mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3) has been reported to be involved in the regulation of cellular biological functions, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis and ferroptosis. However, the effect of MLK3 exerted on ALI has not been reported. Here, LPS-stimulated MLE12 pulmonary epithelial cells were used as an in vitro model for ALI. In this research, LPS elevated the expression of MLK3 in MLE12 cells. The silence of MLK3 alleviated LPS-induced cell injury. Notably, LPS promoted ferroptosis through enhancing GSH depletion and the productions of MDA and iron, which was attenuated by MLK3 knockdown. Moreover, the silence of MLK3 inhibited p53 expression in LPS-induced cells along with a decrease in the expressions of p21 and Bax, while overexpressing p53 reversed these effects of MLK3 silence. Meanwhile, p53 overexpression reversed the positive effects of MLK3 knockdown on LPS-induced cell ferroptosis and injury. Together, our results confirmed that the silence of MLK3 alleviated LPS-induced lung epithelial cell injury by inhibiting p53-mediated ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Chen
- The 2nd department of Critical Care Medicine, Xi'an Chest Hospital, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gangqiang Qi
- The 2nd department of Critical Care Medicine, Xi'an Chest Hospital, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fang Fang
- The 2nd department of Critical Care Medicine, Xi'an Chest Hospital, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Miao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Wang
- The 2nd department of Critical Care Medicine, Xi'an Chest Hospital, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- East section of Hangtian Avenue, Chang'an District, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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10
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Smith AO, Jonassen JA, Preval KM, Davis RJ, Pazour GJ. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling contributes to cystic burden in polycystic kidney disease. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009711. [PMID: 34962918 PMCID: PMC8746764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease is an inherited degenerative disease in which the uriniferous tubules are replaced by expanding fluid-filled cysts that ultimately destroy organ function. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common form, afflicting approximately 1 in 1,000 people. It primarily is caused by mutations in the transmembrane proteins polycystin-1 (Pkd1) and polycystin-2 (Pkd2). The most proximal effects of Pkd mutations leading to cyst formation are not known, but pro-proliferative signaling must be involved for the tubule epithelial cells to increase in number over time. The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway promotes proliferation and is activated in acute and chronic kidney diseases. Using a mouse model of cystic kidney disease caused by Pkd2 loss, we observe JNK activation in cystic kidneys and observe increased nuclear phospho c-Jun in cystic epithelium. Genetic removal of Jnk1 and Jnk2 suppresses the nuclear accumulation of phospho c-Jun, reduces proliferation and reduces the severity of cystic disease. While Jnk1 and Jnk2 are thought to have largely overlapping functions, we find that Jnk1 loss is nearly as effective as the double loss of Jnk1 and Jnk2. Jnk pathway inhibitors are in development for neurodegeneration, cancer, and fibrotic diseases. Our work suggests that the JNK pathway should be explored as a therapeutic target for ADPKD. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is a leading cause of end stage renal disease requiring dialysis or kidney transplant. During disease development, the cells lining the kidney tubules proliferate. This proliferation transforms normally small diameter tubules into fluid-filled cysts that enlarge with time, eventually destroying all kidney function. Despite decades of research, polycystic kidney disease remains incurable. Furthermore, the precise signaling events involved in cyst initiation and growth remain unclear. The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), is a major pathway regulating cellular proliferation and differentiation but its importance to polycystic kidney disease was not known. We show that JNK activity is elevated in cystic kidneys and that reducing JNK activity decreases cyst growth pointing to JNK inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for treating polycystic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail O. Smith
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Biotech II, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Julie A. Jonassen
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kenley M. Preval
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Biotech II, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Roger J. Davis
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Biotech II, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gregory J. Pazour
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Biotech II, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Calamaras TD, Pande S, Baumgartner RA, Kim SK, McCarthy JC, Martin GL, Tam K, McLaughlin AL, Wang GR, Aronovitz MJ, Lin W, Aguirre JI, Baca P, Liu P, Richards DA, Davis RJ, Karas RH, Jaffe IZ, Blanton RM. MLK3 mediates impact of PKG1α on cardiac function and controls blood pressure through separate mechanisms. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e149075. [PMID: 34324442 PMCID: PMC8492323 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1α (PKG1α) promotes left ventricle (LV) compensation after pressure overload. PKG1-activating drugs improve heart failure (HF) outcomes but are limited by vasodilation-induced hypotension. Signaling molecules that mediate PKG1α cardiac therapeutic effects but do not promote PKG1α-induced hypotension could therefore represent improved therapeutic targets. We investigated roles of mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3) in mediating PKG1α effects on LV function after pressure overload and in regulating BP. In a transaortic constriction HF model, PKG activation with sildenafil preserved LV function in MLK3+/+ but not MLK3-/- littermates. MLK3 coimmunoprecipitated with PKG1α. MLK3-PKG1α cointeraction decreased in failing LVs. PKG1α phosphorylated MLK3 on Thr277/Ser281 sites required for kinase activation. MLK3-/- mice displayed hypertension and increased arterial stiffness, though PKG stimulation with sildenafil or the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator BAY41-2272 still reduced BP in MLK3-/- mice. MLK3 kinase inhibition with URMC-099 did not affect BP but induced LV dysfunction in mice. These data reveal MLK3 as a PKG1α substrate mediating PKG1α preservation of LV function but not acute PKG1α BP effects. Mechanistically, MLK3 kinase-dependent effects preserved LV function, whereas MLK3 kinase-independent signaling regulated BP. These findings suggest augmenting MLK3 kinase activity could preserve LV function in HF but avoid hypotension from PKG1α activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kelly Tam
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and
| | | | | | | | - Weiyu Lin
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Paulina Baca
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peiwen Liu
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Roger J. Davis
- University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worchester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Iris Z. Jaffe
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert M. Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Furuta K, Guo Q, Pavelko KD, Lee JH, Robertson KD, Nakao Y, Melek J, Shah VH, Hirsova P, Ibrahim SH. Lipid-induced endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 promotes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis pathogenesis. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:143690. [PMID: 33476308 PMCID: PMC7954604 DOI: 10.1172/jci143690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocyte homing to the liver and adhesion to the liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are key elements in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) pathogenesis. We reported previously that VCAM-1 mediates monocyte adhesion to LSECs. However, the pathogenic role of VCAM-1 in NASH is unclear. Herein, we report that VCAM-1 was a top upregulated adhesion molecule in the NASH mouse liver transcriptome. Open chromatin landscape profiling combined with genome-wide transcriptome analysis showed robust transcriptional upregulation of LSEC VCAM-1 in murine NASH. Moreover, LSEC VCAM-1 expression was significantly increased in human NASH. LSEC VCAM-1 expression was upregulated by palmitate treatment in vitro and reduced with inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein 3 kinase (MAP3K) mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3). Likewise, LSEC VCAM-1 expression was reduced in the Mlk3-/- mice with diet-induced NASH. Furthermore, VCAM-1 neutralizing Ab or pharmacological inhibition attenuated diet-induced NASH in mice, mainly via reducing the proinflammatory monocyte hepatic population as examined by mass cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF). Moreover, endothelium-specific Vcam1 knockout mice were also protected against NASH. In summary, lipotoxic stress enhances the expression of LSEC VCAM-1, in part, through MLK3 signaling. Inhibition of VCAM-1 was salutary in murine NASH and might serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for human NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeong-Heon Lee
- Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and
| | - Keith D Robertson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Jan Melek
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | | | | | - Samar H Ibrahim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.,Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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13
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Kumar S, Singh SK, Rana B, Rana A. The regulatory function of mixed lineage kinase 3 in tumor and host immunity. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 219:107704. [PMID: 33045253 PMCID: PMC7887016 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases are the second most sought-after G-protein coupled receptors as drug targets because of their overexpression, mutations, and dysregulated catalytic activities in various pathological conditions. Till 2019, 48 protein kinase inhibitors have received FDA approval for the treatment of multiple illnesses, of which the majority of them are indicated for different malignancies. One of the attractive sub-group of protein kinases that has attracted attention for drug development is the family members of MAPKs that are recognized to play significant roles in different cancers. Several inhibitors have been developed against various MAPK members; however, none of them as monotherapy has shown sustainable efficacy. One of the MAPK members, called Mixed Lineage Kinase 3 (MLK3), has attracted considerable attention due to its role in inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases; however, its role in cancer is an emerging area that needs more investigation. Recent advances have shown that MLK3 plays a role in cancer cell survival, migration, drug resistance, cell death, and tumor immunity. This review describes how MLK3 regulates different MAPK pathways, cancer cell growth and survival, apoptosis, and host's immunity. We also discuss how MLK3 inhibitors can potentially be used along with immunotherapy for different malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Sunil Kumar Singh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Basabi Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA; University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ajay Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA; University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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14
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Abstract
Nonalcoholic hepatitis (NASH) is the progressive inflammatory form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Although the mechanisms of hepatic inflammation in NASH remain incompletely understood, emerging literature implicates the proinflammatory environment created by toxic lipid-induced hepatocyte injury, termed lipotoxicity. Interestingly, numerous NASH-promoting kinases in hepatocytes, immune cells, and adipocytes are activated by the lipotoxic insult associated with obesity. In the current review, we discuss recent advances in NASH-promoting kinases as disease mediators and therapeutic targets. The focus of the review is mainly on the mitogen-activated protein kinases including mixed lineage kinase 3, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 MAPK; the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress kinases protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase and inositol-requiring protein-1α; as well as the Rho-associated protein kinase 1. We also discuss various pharmacological agents targeting these stress kinases in NASH that are under different phases of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar H. Ibrahim
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology in the Department of Pediatrics, Rochester, Minnesota.,Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology in the Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Petra Hirsova
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology in the Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Harmeet Malhi
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology in the Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Gregory J. Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology in the Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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15
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Wang J, Deng B, Liu Q, Huang Y, Chen W, Li J, Zhou Z, Zhang L, Liang B, He J, Chen Z, Yan C, Yang Z, Xian S, Wang L. Pyroptosis and ferroptosis induced by mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3) signaling in cardiomyocytes are essential for myocardial fibrosis in response to pressure overload. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:574. [PMID: 32710001 PMCID: PMC7382480 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02777-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is the final outcome of many cardiovascular diseases, and is a severe health issue faced by the elderly population. Mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3), a member of MAP3K family, is associated with aging, inflammation, oxidative stress, and related diseases, such as CHF. MLK3 has also been reported to play an important role in protecting against cardiomyocyte injury; however, its function in myocardial fibrosis is unknown. To investigate the role of MLK3 in myocardial fibrosis, we inhibited the expression of MLK3, and examined cardiac function and remodeling in TAC mice. In addition, we assessed the expression of MLK3 protein in ventricular cells and its downstream associated protein. We found that MLK3 mainly regulates NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway-mediated inflammation and that pyroptosis causes myocardial fibrosis in the early stages of CHF. Similarly, MLK3 mainly regulates the JNK/p53 signaling pathway-mediated oxidative stress and that ferroptosis causes myocardial fibrosis in the advanced stages of CHF. We also found that promoting the expression of miR-351 can inhibit the expression of MLK3, and significantly improve cardiac function in mice subjected to TAC. These results suggest the pyroptosis and ferroptosis induced by MLK3 signaling in cardiomyocytes are essential for adverse myocardial fibrosis, in response to pressure overload. Furthermore, miR-351, which has a protective effect on ventricular remodeling in heart failure caused by pressure overload, may be a key target for the regulation of MLK3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Bo Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Qing Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Yusheng Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Weitao Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Jing Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Birong Liang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Jiaqi He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Zixin Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Cui Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Zhongqi Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- National Clinical Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Shaoxiang Xian
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
- National Clinical Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Lingjun Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
- National Clinical Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
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16
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Kumar S, Singh SK, Viswakarma N, Sondarva G, Nair RS, Sethupathi P, Sinha SC, Emmadi R, Hoskins K, Danciu O, Thatcher GRJ, Rana B, Rana A. Mixed lineage kinase 3 inhibition induces T cell activation and cytotoxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:7961-7970. [PMID: 32209667 PMCID: PMC7149389 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921325117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3), also known as MAP3K11, was initially identified in a megakaryocytic cell line and is an emerging therapeutic target in cancer, yet its role in immune cells is not known. Here, we report that loss or pharmacological inhibition of MLK3 promotes activation and cytotoxicity of T cells. MLK3 is abundantly expressed in T cells, and its loss alters serum chemokines, cytokines, and CD28 protein expression on T cells and its subsets. MLK3 loss or pharmacological inhibition induces activation of T cells in in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo conditions, irrespective of T cell activating agents. Conversely, overexpression of MLK3 decreases T cell activation. Mechanistically, loss or inhibition of MLK3 down-regulates expression of a prolyl-isomerase, Ppia, which is directly phosphorylated by MLK3 to increase its isomerase activity. Moreover, MLK3 also phosphorylates nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1) and regulates its nuclear translocation via interaction with Ppia, and this regulates T cell effector function. In an immune-competent mouse model of breast cancer, MLK3 inhibitor increases Granzyme B-positive CD8+ T cells and decreases MLK3 and Ppia gene expression in tumor-infiltrating T cells. Likewise, the MLK3 inhibitor in pan T cells, isolated from breast cancer patients, also increases cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. These results collectively demonstrate that MLK3 plays an important role in T cell biology, and targeting MLK3 could serve as a potential therapeutic intervention via increasing T cell cytotoxicity in cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Breast Neoplasms/blood
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor/transplantation
- Cyclophilin A/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/genetics
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/blood
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- NFATC Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Phosphorylation/immunology
- Primary Cell Culture
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- Pyridines/therapeutic use
- Pyrroles/pharmacology
- Pyrroles/therapeutic use
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- Tumor Escape/drug effects
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 11
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Sunil Kumar Singh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Navin Viswakarma
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Gautam Sondarva
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Rakesh Sathish Nair
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Periannan Sethupathi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Subhash C Sinha
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Rajyasree Emmadi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Kent Hoskins
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Oana Danciu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Gregory R J Thatcher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Basabi Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
- University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
- Research Unit, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Ajay Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612;
- University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
- Research Unit, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
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17
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Hirsova P, Bohm F, Dohnalkova E, Nozickova B, Heikenwalder M, Gores GJ, Weber A. Hepatocyte apoptosis is tumor promoting in murine nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:80. [PMID: 32015322 PMCID: PMC6997423 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2283-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common chronic liver disease and may progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The molecular determinants of this pathogenic progression, however, remain largely undefined. Since liver tumorigenesis is driven by apoptosis, we examined the effect of overt hepatocyte apoptosis in a mouse model of NASH using mice lacking myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl1), a pro-survival member of the BCL-2 protein family. Hepatocyte-specific Mcl1 knockout (Mcl1∆hep) mice and control littermates were fed chow or FFC (high saturated fat, fructose, and cholesterol) diet, which induces NASH, for 4 and 10 months. Thereafter, liver injury, inflammation, fibrosis, and tumor development were evaluated biochemically and histologically. Mcl1∆hep mice fed with the FFC diet for 4 months displayed a marked increase in liver injury, hepatocyte apoptosis, hepatocyte proliferation, macrophage-associated liver inflammation, and pericellular fibrosis in contrast to chow-fed Mcl1∆hep and FFC diet-fed Mcl1-expressing littermates. After 10 months of feeding, 78% of FFC diet-fed Mcl1∆hep mice developed liver tumors compared to 38% of chow-fed mice of the same genotype. Tumors in FFC diet-fed Mcl1∆hep mice were characterized by cytologic atypia, altered liver architecture, immunopositivity for glutamine synthetase, and histologically qualified as HCC. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that excessive hepatocyte apoptosis exacerbates the NASH phenotype with enhancement of tumorigenesis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Hirsova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Friederike Bohm
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ester Dohnalkova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Nozickova
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Achim Weber
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Molecular Cancer Research (IMCR), University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Gallo KA, Ellsworth E, Stoub H, Conrad SE. Therapeutic potential of targeting mixed lineage kinases in cancer and inflammation. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 207:107457. [PMID: 31863814 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of intracellular signaling pathways is a key attribute of diseases associated with chronic inflammation, including cancer. Mitogen activated protein kinases have emerged as critical conduits of intracellular signal transmission, yet due to their ubiquitous roles in cellular processes, their direct inhibition may lead to undesired effects, thus limiting their usefulness as therapeutic targets. Mixed lineage kinases (MLKs) are mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAP3Ks) that interact with scaffolding proteins and function upstream of p38, JNK, ERK, and NF-kappaB to mediate diverse cellular signals. Studies involving gene silencing, genetically engineered mouse models, and small molecule inhibitors suggest that MLKs are critical in tumor progression as well as in inflammatory processes. Recent advances indicate that they may be useful targets in some types of cancer and in diseases driven by chronic inflammation including neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic diseases such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. This review describes existing MLK inhibitors, the roles of MLKs in various aspects of tumor progression and in the control of inflammatory processes, and the potential for therapeutic targeting of MLKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Gallo
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Edmund Ellsworth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Hayden Stoub
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Susan E Conrad
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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19
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Integrin β 1-enriched extracellular vesicles mediate monocyte adhesion and promote liver inflammation in murine NASH. J Hepatol 2019; 71:1193-1205. [PMID: 31433301 PMCID: PMC6864271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatic recruitment of monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMFs) contributes to the inflammatory response in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, how hepatocyte lipotoxicity promotes MoMF inflammation is unclear. Here we demonstrate that lipotoxic hepatocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (LPC-EVs) are enriched with active integrin β1 (ITGβ1), which promotes monocyte adhesion and liver inflammation in murine NASH. METHODS Hepatocytes were treated with either vehicle or the toxic lipid mediator lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC); EVs were isolated from the conditioned media and subjected to proteomic analysis. C57BL/6J mice were fed a diet rich in fat, fructose, and cholesterol (FFC) to induce NASH. Mice were treated with anti-ITGβ1 neutralizing antibody (ITGβ1Ab) or control IgG isotype. RESULTS Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis of the LPC-EV proteome indicated that ITG signaling is an overrepresented canonical pathway. Immunogold electron microscopy and nanoscale flow cytometry confirmed that LPC-EVs were enriched with activated ITGβ1. Furthermore, we showed that LPC treatment in hepatocytes activates ITGβ1 and mediates its endocytic trafficking and sorting into EVs. LPC-EVs enhanced monocyte adhesion to liver sinusoidal cells, as observed by shear stress adhesion assay. This adhesion was attenuated in the presence of ITGβ1Ab. FFC-fed, ITGβ1Ab-treated mice displayed reduced inflammation, defined by decreased hepatic infiltration and activation of proinflammatory MoMFs, as assessed by immunohistochemistry, mRNA expression, and flow cytometry. Likewise, mass cytometry by time-of-flight on intrahepatic leukocytes showed that ITGβ1Ab reduced levels of infiltrating proinflammatory monocytes. Furthermore, ITGβ1Ab treatment significantly ameliorated liver injury and fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Lipotoxic EVs mediate monocyte adhesion to LSECs mainly through an ITGβ1-dependent mechanism. ITGβ1Ab ameliorates diet-induced NASH in mice by reducing MoMF-driven inflammation, suggesting that blocking ITGβ1 is a potential anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategy in human NASH. LAY SUMMARY Herein, we report that a cell adhesion molecule termed integrin β1 (ITGβ1) plays a key role in the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). ITGβ1 is released from hepatocytes under lipotoxic stress as a cargo of extracellular vesicles, and mediates monocyte adhesion to liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, which is an essential step in hepatic inflammation. In a mouse model of NASH, blocking ITGβ1 reduces liver inflammation, injury and fibrosis. Hence, ITGβ1 inhibition may serve as a new therapeutic strategy for NASH.
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20
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Kline EM, Butkovich LM, Bradner JM, Chang J, Gelbard H, Goodfellow V, Caudle WM, Tansey MG. The second generation mixed lineage kinase-3 (MLK3) inhibitor CLFB-1134 protects against neurotoxin-induced nigral dopaminergic neuron loss. Exp Neurol 2019; 318:157-164. [PMID: 31077715 PMCID: PMC6592621 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurons express mixed lineage kinases which regulate the expression of cell death genes. In Parkinson's disease, cell death via apoptosis is prevalent, and previous work testing mixed lineage kinase inhibitors in animal models suggested the inhibitors had some neuroprotective potential. CLFB-1134 is a new, brain-penetrant inhibitor specific for MLK3, tested here in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of dopaminergic depletion and nigral neuron death in mice. After ensuring that treatment with CLFB-1134 did not alter conversion of MPTP to MPP+, we demonstrated CLFB-1134's inhibition of MLK3 and neuroprotective efficacy. Specifically we evaluated the integrity of the nigrostriatal dopamine system following MPTP by assessing protein expression, high performance liquid chromatography, and immunohistology with stereology. We found that CLFB-1134 achieves protection of striatal dopaminergic terminals and nigral cell bodies when dosed simultaneously or following MPTP treatment. By preventing phosphorylation of JNK and other downstream targets of MLK3, CLFB-1134 protects against the neurotoxin MPTP. Inhibition of MLK3 may be a valid target for future work investigating treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Kline
- Emory University, 615 Michael St, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America.
| | - Laura M Butkovich
- Emory University, 615 Michael St, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America.
| | - Joshua M Bradner
- Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America.
| | - Jianjun Chang
- Emory University, 615 Michael St, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America.
| | - Harris Gelbard
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 645, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, United States of America.
| | - Val Goodfellow
- Califia Bio Inc., San Diego, CA, United States of America.
| | - W Michael Caudle
- Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America.
| | - Malú G Tansey
- Emory University, 615 Michael St, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America.
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21
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Saminathan P, Kevadiya BD, Marker DF, Gendelman HE, Gorantla S, Gelbard HA. Broad Spectrum Mixed Lineage Kinase Type 3 Inhibition and HIV-1 Persistence in Macrophages. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2019; 14:44-51. [PMID: 30617749 PMCID: PMC6391203 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-018-09829-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mixed lineage kinases (MLKs) are a group of serine-threonine kinases that evolved in part to respond to endogenous and exogenous insults that result in oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory responses from innate immune cells. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) thrives in these conditions and is associated with the development of associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). As part of a drug discovery program to identify new therapeutic strategies for HAND, we created a library of broad spectrum MLK inhibitors with drug-like properties. Serendipitously, the lead compound, URMC-099 has proved useful not only in reversing damage to synaptic architecture in models of HAND, but also serves to restore autophagy as a protective response when given in concert with nanoformulated antiretroviral therapy (nanoART) in persistently infected macrophages. These findings are reviewed in the context of MLK3 biology and cellular signaling pathways relevant to new HIV-1 therapies. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Saminathan
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Bhavesh D Kevadiya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Daniel F Marker
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Santhi Gorantla
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Harris A Gelbard
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Neuroscience and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 645, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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22
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Calamaras TD, Baumgartner RA, Aronovitz MJ, McLaughlin AL, Tam K, Richards DA, Cooper CW, Li N, Baur WE, Qiao X, Wang GR, Davis RJ, Kapur NK, Karas RH, Blanton RM. Mixed lineage kinase-3 prevents cardiac dysfunction and structural remodeling with pressure overload. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H145-H159. [PMID: 30362822 PMCID: PMC6383356 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00029.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial hypertrophy is an independent risk factor for heart failure (HF), yet the mechanisms underlying pathological cardiomyocyte growth are incompletely understood. The c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling cascade modulates cardiac hypertrophic remodeling, but the upstream factors regulating myocardial JNK activity remain unclear. In this study, we sought to identify JNK-activating molecules as novel regulators of cardiac remodeling in HF. We investigated mixed lineage kinase-3 (MLK3), a master regulator of upstream JNK-activating kinases, whose role in the remodeling process had not previously been studied. We observed increased MLK3 protein expression in myocardium from patients with nonischemic and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and in hearts of mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Mice with genetic deletion of MLK3 (MLK3-/-) exhibited baseline cardiac hypertrophy with preserved cardiac function. MLK3-/- mice subjected to chronic left ventricular (LV) pressure overload (TAC, 4 wk) developed worsened cardiac dysfunction and increased LV chamber size compared with MLK3+/+ littermates ( n = 8). LV mass, pathological markers of hypertrophy ( Nppa, Nppb), and cardiomyocyte size were elevated in MLK3-/- TAC hearts. Phosphorylation of JNK, but not other MAPK pathways, was selectively impaired in MLK3-/- TAC hearts. In adult rat cardiomyocytes, pharmacological MLK3 kinase inhibition using URMC-099 blocked JNK phosphorylation induced by neurohormonal agents and oxidants. Sustained URMC-099 exposure induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. These data demonstrate that MLK3 prevents adverse cardiac remodeling in the setting of pressure overload. Mechanistically, MLK3 activates JNK, which in turn opposes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. These results support modulation of MLK3 as a potential therapeutic approach in HF. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we identified a role for mixed lineage kinase-3 (MLK3) as a novel antihypertrophic and antiremodeling molecule in response to cardiac pressure overload. MLK3 regulates phosphorylation of the stress-responsive JNK kinase in response to pressure overload and in cultured cardiomyocytes stimulated with hypertrophic agonists and oxidants. This study reveals MLK3-JNK signaling as a novel cardioprotective signaling axis in the setting of pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Calamaras
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert A Baumgartner
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark J Aronovitz
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Angela L McLaughlin
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kelly Tam
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel A Richards
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Craig W Cooper
- Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nathan Li
- Tufts Animal Histology Core, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wendy E Baur
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaoying Qiao
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Guang-Rong Wang
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Roger J Davis
- University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Navin K Kapur
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard H Karas
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert M Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
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23
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Bellizzi MJ, Hammond JW, Li H, Gantz Marker MA, Marker DF, Freeman RS, Gelbard HA. The Mixed-Lineage Kinase Inhibitor URMC-099 Protects Hippocampal Synapses in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. eNeuro 2018; 5:ENEURO.0245-18.2018. [PMID: 30627663 PMCID: PMC6325567 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0245-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatments to stop gray matter degeneration are needed to prevent progressive disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). We tested whether inhibiting mixed-lineage kinases (MLKs), which can drive inflammatory microglial activation and neuronal degeneration, could protect hippocampal synapses in C57BL/6 mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a disease model that recapitulates the excitatory synaptic injury that occurs widely within the gray matter in MS. URMC-099, a broad spectrum MLK inhibitor with additional activity against leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and other kinases, prevented loss of PSD95-positive postsynaptic structures, shifted activated microglia toward a less inflammatory phenotype, and reversed deficits in hippocampal-dependent contextual fear conditioning in EAE mice when administered after the onset of motor symptoms. A narrow spectrum inhibitor designed to be highly selective for MLK3 failed to protect synapses in EAE hippocampi, and could not rescue cultured neurons from trophic deprivation in an in vitro model of MLK-driven neuronal degeneration. These results suggest that URMC-099 may have potential as a neuroprotective treatment in MS and demonstrate that a broad spectrum of inhibition against a combination of MLK and other kinases is more effective in neuroinflammatory disease than selectively targeting a single kinase.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Conditioning, Psychological/drug effects
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/chemically induced
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/physiopathology
- Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Fear/drug effects
- Fear/psychology
- Female
- Hippocampus/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microfilament Proteins/metabolism
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/toxicity
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use
- Peptide Fragments/toxicity
- Pyridines/therapeutic use
- Pyrroles/therapeutic use
- Superior Cervical Ganglion/cytology
- Synapses/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Bellizzi
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Jennetta W. Hammond
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Herman Li
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Mary A. Gantz Marker
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Daniel F. Marker
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Robert S. Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Harris A. Gelbard
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
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24
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Gutierrez Sanchez LH, Tomita K, Guo Q, Furuta K, Alhuwaish H, Hirsova P, Baheti S, Alver B, Hlady R, Robertson KD, Ibrahim SH. Perinatal Nutritional Reprogramming of the Epigenome Promotes Subsequent Development of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Hepatol Commun 2018; 2:1493-1512. [PMID: 30556038 PMCID: PMC6287484 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
With the epidemic of obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common pediatric liver disease. The influence of a perinatal obesity‐inducing diet (OID) on the development and progression of NAFLD in offspring is important but incompletely studied. Hence, we fed breeding pairs of C57BL/6J mice during gestation and lactation (perinatally) either chow or an OID rich in fat, fructose, and cholesterol (FFC). The offspring were weaned to either chow or an FFC diet, generating four groups: perinatal (p)Chow‐Chow, pChow‐FFC, pFFC‐Chow, and pFFC‐FFC. Mice were sacrificed at 10 weeks of age. We examined the whole‐liver transcriptome by RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) and whole‐liver genome methylation by reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS). Our results indicated that the pFFC‐FFC mice had a significant increase in hepatic steatosis, injury, inflammation, and fibrosis, as assessed histologically and biochemically. We identified 189 genes that were differentially expressed and methylated in the pFFC‐FFC mice versus the pChow‐FFC mice. Gene set enrichment analysis identified hepatic fibrosis/hepatic stellate cell activation as the top canonical pathway, suggesting that the differential DNA methylation events in the mice exposed to the FFC diet perinatally were associated with a profibrogenic transcriptome. To verify that this finding was consistent with perinatal nutritional reprogramming of the methylome, we exposed pFFC‐Chow mice to an FFC diet in adulthood. These mice developed significant hepatic steatosis, injury, inflammation, and more importantly fibrosis when compared to the appropriate controls. Conclusion: Perinatal exposure to an OID primes the immature liver for an accentuated fibrosing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) phenotype, likely through nutritional reprogramming of the offspring methylome. These data have potential clinical implications for monitoring children of obese mothers and risk stratification of children with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyoko Tomita
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
| | - Kunimaro Furuta
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
| | - Husam Alhuwaish
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
| | - Petra Hirsova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN.,Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics University Hospital Hradec Kralove Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Saurabh Baheti
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
| | - Bonnie Alver
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
| | - Ryan Hlady
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
| | - Keith D Robertson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
| | - Samar H Ibrahim
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
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25
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Peters KM, Wilson RB, Borradaile NM. Non-parenchymal hepatic cell lipotoxicity and the coordinated progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis. Curr Opin Lipidol 2018; 29:417-422. [PMID: 30015675 PMCID: PMC6125757 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) appears to be independently associated with the development of atherosclerosis. The biological mechanisms underlying this association are complex, and likely involve liver-resident cell types other than hepatocytes. Thus, we review recent evidence that non-parenchymal hepatic cell responses to lipid excess contribute to the pathogenesis of both NAFLD and atherosclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS Significant independent associations between NAFLD and atherosclerosis have been identified through cross-sectional studies and meta-analyses. Mechanistic studies in cell cultures and in rodent models suggest that liver-resident macrophages, activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) mount lipotoxic responses under NAFLD conditions which can contribute to the progression of both NAFLD and atherosclerosis. SUMMARY Non-parenchymal hepatic cell types exhibit some similarity in their responses to lipid excess, and in their pathogenic mechanisms, which likely contribute to the coordinated progression of NAFLD and atherosclerosis. In response to lipotoxic conditions, macrophages, Kupffer cells and HSC initiate robust inflammatory responses, whereas LSEC generate excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). The extent to which inflammatory cytokines and ROS produced by non-parenchymal cells contribute to the progression of both NAFLD and atherosclerosis warrants further investigation.
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26
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Kiyota T, Machhi J, Lu Y, Dyavarshetty B, Nemati M, Zhang G, Mosley RL, Gelbard HA, Gendelman HE. URMC-099 facilitates amyloid-β clearance in a murine model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:137. [PMID: 29729668 PMCID: PMC5935963 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1172-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The mixed lineage kinase type 3 inhibitor URMC-099 facilitates amyloid-beta (Aβ) clearance and degradation in cultured murine microglia. One putative mechanism is an effect of URMC-099 on Aβ uptake and degradation. As URMC-099 promotes endolysosomal protein trafficking and reduces Aβ microglial pro-inflammatory activities, we assessed whether these responses affect Aβ pathobiogenesis. To this end, URMC-099’s therapeutic potential, in Aβ precursor protein/presenilin-1 (APP/PS1) double-transgenic mice, was investigated in this model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods Four-month-old APP/PS1 mice were administered intraperitoneal URMC-099 injections at 10 mg/kg daily for 3 weeks. Brain tissues were examined by biochemical, molecular and immunohistochemical tests. Results URMC-099 inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinase 3/4-mediated activation and attenuated β-amyloidosis. Microglial nitric oxide synthase-2 and arginase-1 were co-localized with lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (Lamp1) and Aβ. Importatly, URMC-099 restored synaptic integrity and hippocampal neurogenesis in APP/PS1 mice. Conclusions URMC-099 facilitates Aβ clearance in the brain of APP/PS1 mice. The multifaceted immune modulatory and neuroprotective roles of URMC-099 make it an attractive candidate for ameliorating the course of AD. This is buttressed by removal of pathologic Aβ species and restoration of the brain’s microenvironment during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Kiyota
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jatin Machhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yaman Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Bhagyalaxmi Dyavarshetty
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Gang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - R Lee Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Harris A Gelbard
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, 985880 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA.
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27
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Ibrahim SH, Hirsova P, Gores GJ. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis pathogenesis: sublethal hepatocyte injury as a driver of liver inflammation. Gut 2018; 67:963-972. [PMID: 29367207 PMCID: PMC5889737 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A subset of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease develop an inflammatory condition, termed non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH is characterised by hepatocellular injury, innate immune cell-mediated inflammation and progressive liver fibrosis. The mechanisms whereby hepatic inflammation occurs in NASH remain incompletely understood, but appear to be linked to the proinflammatory microenvironment created by toxic lipid-induced hepatocyte injury, termed lipotoxicity. In this review, we discuss the signalling pathways induced by sublethal hepatocyte lipid overload that contribute to the pathogenesis of NASH. Furthermore, we will review the role of proinflammatory, proangiogenic and profibrotic hepatocyte-derived extracellular vesicles as disease biomarkers and pathogenic mediators during lipotoxicity. We also review the potential therapeutic strategies to block the feed-forward loop between sublethal hepatocyte injury and liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar H Ibrahim
- Division of Pediatrics Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Petra Hirsova
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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28
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Marra F, Svegliati-Baroni G. Lipotoxicity and the gut-liver axis in NASH pathogenesis. J Hepatol 2018; 68:280-295. [PMID: 29154964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 518] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, particularly the mechanisms whereby a minority of patients develop a more severe phenotype characterised by hepatocellular damage, inflammation, and fibrosis is still incompletely understood. Herein, we discuss two pivotal aspects of the pathogenesis of NASH. We first analyse the initial mechanisms responsible for hepatocellular damage and inflammation, which derive from the toxic effects of excess lipids. Accumulating data indicate that the total amount of triglycerides stored in hepatocytes is not the major determinant of lipotoxicity, and that specific lipid classes act as damaging agents on liver cells. In particular, the role of free fatty acids such as palmitic acid, cholesterol, lysophosphatidylcholine and ceramides has recently emerged. These lipotoxic agents affect the cell behaviour via multiple mechanisms, including activation of signalling cascades and death receptors, endoplasmic reticulum stress, modification of mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress. In the second part of this review, the cellular and molecular players involved in the cross-talk between the gut and the liver are considered. These include modifications to the microbiota, which provide signals through the intestine and bacterial products, as well as hormones produced in the bowel that affect metabolism at different levels including the liver. Finally, the activation of nuclear receptors by bile acids is analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Marra
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica and Centro di Ricerca Denothe, Università di Firenze, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Svegliati-Baroni
- Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale Obesità, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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