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Wang R, Li M, Wu Z, Gong W, Zhang M, Liu Y, Yao Y, Ji Y. PBA alleviates cadmium-induced mouse spermatogonia apoptosis by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 96:105784. [PMID: 38242296 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress mediates Cd-caused germ cell apoptosis in testis. The effects of 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA), a classical chaperone, were investigated on Cd-induced apoptosis in mouse GC-1 spermatogonia cells. METHODS The cells were pretreated with PBA before Cd exposure. TUNEL and flow cytometry assays were applied to determine apoptosis. Some key biomarkers of ER stress were analyzed using RT-PCR and western blot. RESULTS as expected, the apoptotic cells exposed to Cd apparently increased. The mRNA and protein expression levels of GRP78 and ATF6α, were elevated in the Cd groups. Additional experiments displayed that Cd notably increased IRE1α and JNK phosphorylation, and upregulated XBP-1 mRNA and protein expression. Moreover, p-eIF2α and CHOP expressions were clearly elevated in the Cd groups. Interestingly, PBA almost completely inhibited ER stress and protected spermatogonia against apoptosis induced by Cd. CONCLUSION PBA alleviated Cd-induced ER stress and spermatogonia apoptosis, and may have the therapeutic role in Cd-induced male reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Department of health inspection and quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Department of health inspection and quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Department of health inspection and quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; The People's Hospital of Bozhou, Anhui, China
| | - Wenjing Gong
- Department of health inspection and quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of health inspection and quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yehao Liu
- Department of health inspection and quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics / Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui, China
| | - Yuyou Yao
- Department of health inspection and quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics / Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui, China.
| | - Yanli Ji
- Department of health inspection and quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics / Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui, China.
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Akram M, Ali SA, Kaul G. Probiotic and prebiotic supplementation ameliorates chronic restraint stress-induced male reproductive dysfunction. Food Funct 2023; 14:8558-8574. [PMID: 37661714 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03153e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Restraint stress (RS) can induce male reproductive deficits by activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and causing oxidative stress. Previous studies have shown that probiotics can alleviate neurological and metabolic disorders induced by stress. However, the effects of probiotics on RS-induced reproductive deficits have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate whether Lactobacillus rhamnosus NCDC-610 (Probiotic-1) and Lactobacillus fermentum NCDC-400 (Probiotic-2) with prebiotic (fructooligosaccharides (FOS)) could prevent RS-induced reproductive deficits. C57BL6/J mice were subjected to RS for four hours daily before oral administration of probiotics (4 × 109 CFU per mice) either separately or concurrently with FOS. The results showed that oral administration of Probiotic-1 and Probiotic-2 protected against RS-induced sperm deficits, including sperm count, motility, morphology, and histopathology of testes, and improved intestinal health. Furthermore, Probiotic-1 and Probiotic-2 prevented RS-induced changes in testosterone levels by up-regulating the expressions of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17βHSD) in the testes. Additionally, Probiotic-1 and Probiotic-2 increased the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase and reduced the fold change of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), indicating a protective effect against RS-induced oxidative stress. Oral administration of Probiotic-1 and Probiotic-2, either separately or concurrently with FOS (probiotic dose of 4 × 109 CFU per mice and prebiotic 5% w/v), prevented RS-induced activation of the HPA axis and improved male fertility. These findings suggest that L. rhamnosus NCDC-610 and L. fermentum NCDC-400 are safe and effective probiotics for mitigating stress-induced male reproductive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Akram
- Semen Biology Lab, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Haryana, India.
| | - Syed Azmal Ali
- Cell Biology and Proteomics Lab, National Dairy Research Institute, Haryana, India
- Division of Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gautam Kaul
- Semen Biology Lab, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Haryana, India.
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3
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Özay Güleş, Doğan G, Ercins UH, Eren Ü. Effects of Quercetin against Doxorubicin-Induced Testicular Toxicity in Male Rats. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022030086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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N-myc Downstream-Regulated Gene 2 (NDRG2) Function as a Positive Regulator of Apoptosis: A New Insight into NDRG2 as a Tumor Suppressor. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102649. [PMID: 34685629 PMCID: PMC8534062 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is a tumor suppressor gene that increases tumor sensitivity to anticancer drugs, slows tumor progression, and inhibits metastasis. NDRG2 is suppressed in various aggressive tumor positions, whereas NDRG2 expression is associated with patient prognosis, such as an improved survival rate. In this review, we summarize the tumor suppressor mechanism of NDRG2 and provide information on the function of NDRG2 concerning the susceptibility of cells to apoptosis. NDRG2 increases the susceptibility to apoptosis in various physiological environments of cells, such as development, hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, and cancer drug treatment. Although the molecular and cell biological mechanisms of NDRG2 have not been fully elucidated, we provide information on the mechanisms of NDRG2 in relation to apoptosis in various environments. This review can assist the design of research regarding NDRG2 function and suggests the potential of NDRG2 as a molecular target for cancer patients.
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Kang C, Punjani N, Lee RK, Li PS, Goldstein M. Effect of varicoceles on spermatogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 121:114-124. [PMID: 33965333 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Varicoceles are dilated veins within the spermatic cord and a relatively common occurrence in men. Fortunately, the large majority of men are asymptomatic, however, a proportion of men with varicoceles can suffer from infertility and testosterone deficiency. Sperm and testosterone are produced within the testis, and any alteration to the testicular environment can negatively affect the cells responsible for these processes. The negative impact of varicoceles on testicular function occurs mainly due to increased oxidative stress within the testicular parenchyma which is thought to be caused by scrotal hyperthermia, testicular hypoxia, and blood-testis barrier disruption. Management of varicoceles involves ligation or percutaneous embolization of the dilated veins. Repair of varicoceles can improve semen parameters and fertility, along with serum testosterone concentration. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology of varicoceles, their impact on testicular function, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Kang
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, 525 East 68th Street, Starr 900, New York, NY 10065, United States.
| | - Nahid Punjani
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, 525 East 68th Street, Starr 900, New York, NY 10065, United States.
| | - Richard K Lee
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, 525 East 68th Street, Starr 900, New York, NY 10065, United States.
| | - Philip S Li
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, 525 East 68th Street, Starr 900, New York, NY 10065, United States.
| | - Marc Goldstein
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, 525 East 68th Street, Starr 900, New York, NY 10065, United States.
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Moustafa A. Changes in nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide and male reproductive hormones in response to chronic restraint stress in rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 162:353-366. [PMID: 33130068 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.10.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gasotrasmitters are endogenously synthesized gaseous molecules that are engaged in cellular physiological and pathological processes. Stress influences various physiological aspects of an organism and amends a normal system's functions, including those of the reproductive system. This study aims to investigate the effect of long-term exposure to restraint stress on the male reproductive system as well as the possible impact of stress on the levels of nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and the expression of their producing-enzymes. In this study, rats were subjected to the restraint condition for 2 h per day and 7 days per week for 8 consecutive weeks. The results revealed decreases in the serum levels of kisspeptin-1(Kiss-1), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-s); however, corticosterone, gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH), estradiol (E2) and prolactin levels increased following restraint stress. The mRNA expression levels of NO synthases (NOSs); neuronal NOS (nNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS) and H2S synthases; cystathionine-γ-lyase- (CSE), 3-mercaptopyruvate-sulfurtransferase- (3MST) and CO-producing enzyme; heme oxygenase-2 (HO-2) were upregulated in the hypothalamus of restraint rats. Testicular mRNA expression levels of endothelial NOS (eNOS), nNOS, HO-1 and HO-2 were upregulated whereas cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), CSE and 3MST expression levels were downregulated following restraint stress. Concentrations of NO increased in the testes but decreased in the semen of restraint rats. On the contrary, CO levels were reduced in the testes while they were elevated in the semen, whereas H2S concentrations decreased in both testes and semen of restraint rats. Concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), as well as total antioxidant capacity (TAC) rose in the testes, while they declined in the semen of the restraint group. Restraint stress decreases the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the testes while increasing them in the semen. Collectively, restraint stress negatively impacts male reproductive functions and modulates gasotransmitters producing-enzymes expression in the hypothalamus and testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Moustafa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519, Zagazig, Egypt.
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Hasan S, Alshaikh B, Yusuf K. Serum levels of soluble Fas and Fas ligand in pregnant women who smoke. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 85:e13382. [PMID: 33247994 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Cigarette smoking during pregnancy is associated with reduced incidence of preeclampsia. Mechanisms of this association are poorly understood. Cytokines, angiogenic, and anti-angiogenic factors are involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. During normal pregnancy, Fas ligand (FasL) present on trophoblasts induces apoptosis of Fas bearing maternal immune cells. In preeclampsia, trophoblasts show increased apoptosis with reduced expression of FasL. We determined serum levels of cytokines, angiogenic (placental growth factor), anti-angiogenic factors (soluble endoglin, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1), soluble Fas (sFas), and soluble FasL (sFasL) in smoking and non-smoking pregnant women. METHODS Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent and multiplex assays, we prospectively analyzed serum levels of angiogenic, anti-angiogenic factors, cytokines, sFas and sFasL in normotensive smoking and non-smoking mothers. Exclusion criteria included maternal hypertension, auto-immune disorders, rupture of membranes, evidence of labor, and drug use. RESULTS Of 100 women recruited to the study, 51 were in the non-smoking and 49 in the smoking group. Except for lower maternal age in the smoking group, there was no difference in gestation, BMI, gravidity, or ethnicity between the two groups. Levels of angiogenic, anti-angiogenic factors, cytokines, and sFas were similar between the two groups but sFasL levels were significantly higher in smoking group (38 pg/ml vs. 16 pg/ml, p < .001) and remained significant after controlling for confounders. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates higher sFasL levels in pregnant women who smoke. Higher sFasL may explain the reduced incidence of preeclampsia in pregnant mothers who smoke by inducing apoptosis of immune cells which may otherwise induce trophoblast apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Hasan
- Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Belal Alshaikh
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kamran Yusuf
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Choe SA, Kim S, Im C, Kim SY, Kim YS, Yoon TK, Kim DK. Nighttime environmental noise and semen quality: A single fertility center cohort study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240689. [PMID: 33147280 PMCID: PMC7641366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
With increased population and urban development, there are growing concerns regarding health impacts of environmental noise. We assessed the relationship between nighttime environmental noise and semen quality of men who visited for fertility evaluation. This is a retrospective cohort study of 1,972 male patient who had undertaken semen analysis between 2016-2018 at a single fertility center of Seoul, South Korea. We used environmental noise data of National Noise Information System (NNIS), Korea. Using semiannual nighttime noise measurement closest to the time of semen sampling, individual noise exposures at each patient's geocoded address were estimated with empirical Bayesian kriging method. We explored the association between environmental noise and semen quality indicators (volume, concentration, % of progressive motility, vitality, normal morphology, total motile sperm count, oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, and severe teratozoospermia) using multivariable regression and generalized additive models. Estimated exposure to nighttime environmental noise level in the study population was 58.3±2.2 Leq. Prevalence of oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, and severe teratozoospermia were 3.3%, 14.0%, and 10.1%. Highest quartile nighttime noise was associated with 3.5 times higher odds of oligozoospermia (95% CI: 1.18, 10.17) compared to lowest quartile. In men whose noise exposure is in 3rd quartile, odds ratio (OR) of severe teratozoospermia was 0.57 (95% CI: 0.33, 0.98). The OR for 4th quartile noise were toward null. In generalized additive model, the risk of oligozoospermia increases when the nighttime noise is 55 Leq dB or higher. Our study adds an evidence of potential impact of environmental noise on semen quality in men living in Seoul. Additional studies with more refined noise measurement will confirm the finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ah Choe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seulgi Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Changmin Im
- Department of Geography, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun-Young Kim
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Gyunggi-do, South Korea
| | - You Shin Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Ki Yoon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae Keun Kim
- Department of Urology, CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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Effects of curcumin complexes on MDA‑MB‑231 breast cancer cell proliferation. Int J Oncol 2020; 57:445-455. [PMID: 32626932 PMCID: PMC7307592 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin displays anticancer properties; however, some issues with the drug delivery mode limit its therapeutic use. Although reformulation and derivatization of curcumin have improved its bioavailability, curcumin derivatives may not retain the same anticancer properties as the parent compound. The present study investigated the anticancer properties of two curcumin complexes, the iron‑curcumin [Fe(Cur)3] and boron‑curcumin [B(Cur)2] complexes, in the MDA‑MB‑231 breast cancer cell line. The cellular localization of curcumin, B(Cur)2 and Fe(Cur)3 was determined by fluorescence microscopy. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were also analysed. Furthermore, apoptosis‑associated proteins were detected by using a proteome profiler array, and ion channel gene expression was analysed by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR. The results demonstrated that the three compounds were localized in the perinuclear and cytoplasmic regions of the cell, and displayed cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 25, 35 and 8 µM for curcumin, B(Cur)2 and Fe(Cur)3, respectively. In addition, the three compounds inhibited cell invasion, whereas only curcumin and B(Cur)2 inhibited cell migration. Furthermore, cell exposure to curcumin resulted in an increase in the relative expression of the two key proapoptotic proteins, cytochrome c and cleaved caspase‑3, as well as the antiapoptotic protein haem oxygenase‑1. In addition, curcumin increased the expression levels of the voltage‑gated potassium channels Kv2.1 and Kv3.2. Similarly, the expression levels of the chloride channel bestrophin‑1 and the calcium channel coding gene calcium voltage‑gated channel auxiliary subunit γ4 were increased following exposure to curcumin. Taken together, these results indicated that Fe(Cur)3 and B(Cur)2 may display similar anticancer properties as curcumin, suggesting that chemical complexation may be considered as a strategy for improving the potency of curcumin in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Güleş Ö, Kum Ş, Yıldız M, Boyacıoğlu M, Ahmad E, Naseer Z, Eren Ü. Protective effect of coenzyme Q10 against bisphenol-A-induced toxicity in the rat testes. Toxicol Ind Health 2020; 35:466-481. [PMID: 31364507 DOI: 10.1177/0748233719862475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant, histomorphometric, histochemical, immunohistochemical, biochemical, and cytological effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) against bisphenol-A (BPA)-induced testicular toxicity in rats. A total of 40 adult male Wistar rats were divided into five equal groups. The control group remained untreated. The vehicle control group was administered corn oil (2 ml/kg/day), the BPA group was given BPA (100 mg/kg/day), the CoQ10 group was supplemented with CoQ10 (10 mg/kg/day), and the rats in the CoQ10-BPA group received CoQ10 (10 mg/kg/day) followed by BPA (100 mg/kg/day) 1 h later. The treatments were administered by oral gavage for 14 days. Results showed that the seminiferous tubule diameters (STDs) and seminiferous epithelium heights (SEHs) at stages VII-VIII and XII-XIV, number of undifferentiated embryonic cell transcription factor-1 (UTF-1) positive cells per tubule, UTF-1 positive tubules (%), plasma glutathione (GSH), and serum superoxide dismutase activities, testicular GSH activity and sperm viability (%) decreased whereas the number of terminal dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) positive cells per tubule, TUNEL positive tubules (%), testicular and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and the rate of mid-piece sperm abnormality increased in the BPA administered group. However, while the STDs at stages VII-VIII and XII-XIV, SEHs at stages VII-VIII, plasma GSH, and serum SOD activities increased, serum MDA level decreased in the CoQ10-BPA group. In conclusion, these results suggest a protective effect of CoQ10 against BPA-induced testicular toxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özay Güleş
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Şadiye Kum
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yıldız
- 2 Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Çan School of Applied Sciences, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Murat Boyacıoğlu
- 3 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Ejaz Ahmad
- 4 Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Naseer
- 5 Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Ülker Eren
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
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Heme Oxygenase-2 (HO-2) as a therapeutic target: Activators and inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 183:111703. [PMID: 31550661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) enzymes are involved in heme catabolism and several physiological functions. Among the different HO isoforms, HO-2 stands out for its neuroprotective properties and modulatory activity in male reproduction. However, unlike the HO-1 ligands, the potential therapeutic applications of HO-2 inhibitors/activators have not been extensively explored yet. Moreover, the physiological role of HO-2 is still unclear, mostly due to the lack of highly selective HO-2 chemical probes. To boost the interest on this intriguing target, the present review updates the knowledge on the structure-activity relationships of HO-2 inhibitors and activators, as well as their potential therapeutic applications. To the best of our knowledge, among HO-2 inhibitors, clemizole derivatives are the most selective HO-2 inhibitors reported so far (IC50 HO-1 >100 μM, IC50 HO-2 = 3.4 μM), while the HO-2 nonselective inhibitors described herein possess IC50 HO-2 values ≤ 10 μM. Furthermore, the development of HO-2 activators, such as menadione analogues, helped to understand the critical moieties required for HO-2 activation. Recent advances in the potential therapeutic applications of HO-2 inhibitors/activators cover the fields of neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and reproductive diseases further stimulating the interest towards this target.
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Gules O, Yildiz M, Naseer Z, Tatar M. Effects of folic acid on testicular toxicity induced by bisphenol-A in male Wistar rats. Biotech Histochem 2018; 94:26-35. [DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2018.1493222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- O Gules
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - M Yildiz
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Çan School of Applied Sciences, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Z Naseer
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - M Tatar
- Department of Veterinary, Burdur Food Agriculture and Livestock Vocational School, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
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13
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Chen N, Su P, Wang M, Li YM. Ascorbic acid inhibits cadmium-induced disruption of the blood-testis barrier by regulating oxidative stress-mediated p38 MAPK pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:21713-21720. [PMID: 29790047 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AA), one of the best-known reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers, exhibits numerous functions such as antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. Increasing evidence demonstrates that oxidative stress plays an important role in testicular toxicity. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of AA against cadmium (Cd)-induced blood-testis barrier (BTB) disruption. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into four groups: the Cd-treated group received a single dose (s.c.) of 2 mg/kg BW cadmium chloride; the AA antagonism group received an injection of AA at a dose of 400 mg/kg BW (200 mg 24 h prior to Cd treatment and 200 mg 24 h following Cd treatment); and the control groups received an equal volume of saline or an equal dose of AA. As expected, ROS expression was upregulated in the Cd-treated rats, accompanied by an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA). Interestingly, AA suppressed Cd-induced oxidative stress by decreasing the levels of ROS and MDA and increasing the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). In addition, AA also reduced BTB disruption by inhibiting TGF-β3 activation and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Significant decreases in occludin and claudin-11 expression were observed in the Cd-treated rats, whereas AA administration attenuated this effect. Moreover, testicular histopathology and transmission electron microscopy further demonstrated the protective effects of AA against Cd-induced BTB damage. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that AA protects BTB destruction via the inhibition of oxidative stress and the TGF-β3/p38 MAPK signalling pathway in the testis of Cd-exposed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Chen
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ping Su
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Mei Wang
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ya-Min Li
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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14
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Kabe Y, Handa H, Suematsu M. Function and structural regulation of the carbon monoxide (CO)-responsive membrane protein PGRMC1. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2018; 63:12-17. [PMID: 30087538 PMCID: PMC6064819 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.17-132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Progesterone receptor membrane associated component 1 is a multifunctional heme-binding protein that plays a role in several biological processes such as tumor progression, metabolic regulation, and viability control of nerve cells. Notably, progesterone receptor membrane associated component 1 is highly expressed in various types of cancer cells, and facilitates cancer proliferation and chemoresistance. Recently, progesterone receptor membrane associated component 1 structure has been explored by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Interestingly, whereas apo- progesterone receptor membrane associated component 1 exists as a monomer, the heme-bound progesterone receptor membrane associated component 1 converts into a stable dimer by forming a unique heme-heme stacking structure, leading to activation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling and chemoresistance in cancer cells. Furthermore, the gas mediator carbon monoxide inhibits progesterone receptor membrane associated component 1-mediated activation in cancer cells by dissociating the heme-stacking dimer of progesterone receptor membrane associated component 1. The dynamic structural regulation of progesterone receptor membrane associated component 1 will provide new insights for understanding the mechanisms underlying its various functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Kabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), 20F Yomiuri Shimbun Bldg, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Nanoparticle Translational Research, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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15
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Goto S, Morikawa T, Kubo A, Takubo K, Fukuda K, Kajimura M, Suematsu M. Quantitative imaging mass spectroscopy reveals roles of heme oxygenase-2 for protecting against transhemispheric diaschisis in the brain ischemia. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2018; 63:70-79. [PMID: 30087547 PMCID: PMC6064818 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.17-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide-generating heme oxygenase-2 is expressed in neurons and plays a crucial role for regulating hypoxic vasodilation through mechanisms unlocking carbon monoxide-dependent inhibition of H2S-generating cystathionine β-synthase expressed in astrocytes. This study aims to examine whether heme oxygenase-2 plays a protective role in mice against stroke. Focal ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. Regional differences in metabolites among ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres were analysed by quantitative imaging mass spectrometry equipped with an image-processing platform to optimize comparison of local metabolite contents among different animals. Under normoxia, blood flow velocity in precapillary arterioles were significantly elevated in heme oxygenase-2-null mice vs controls, while metabolic intermediates of central carbon metabolism and glutamate synthesis were elevated in the brain of heme oxygenase-2-null mice, suggesting greater metabolic demands to induce hyperemia in these mice. In response to focal ischemia, heme oxygenase-2-null mice exhibited greater regions of ischemic core that coincide with notable decreases in energy metabolism in the contralateral hemisphere as well as in penumbra. In conclusion, these findings suggest that heme oxygenase-2 is involved in mechanisms by which not only protects against compromised energy metabolism of the ipsilateral hemisphere but also ameliorates transhemispheric diaschisis of the contralateral hemisphere in ischemic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Goto
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.,Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takayuki Morikawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Akiko Kubo
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Keiyo Takubo
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mayumi Kajimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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16
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Kabe Y, Yamamoto T, Kajimura M, Sugiura Y, Koike I, Ohmura M, Nakamura T, Tokumoto Y, Tsugawa H, Handa H, Kobayashi T, Suematsu M. Cystathionine β-synthase and PGRMC1 as CO sensors. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 99:333-344. [PMID: 27565814 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) is a mono-oxygenase utilizing heme and molecular oxygen (O2) as substrates to generate biliverdin-IXα and carbon monoxide (CO). HO-1 is inducible under stress conditions, while HO-2 is constitutive. A balance between heme and CO was shown to regulate cell death and survival in many experimental models. However, direct molecular targets to which CO binds to regulate cellular functions remained to be fully examined. We have revealed novel roles of CO-responsive proteins, cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), in regulating cellular functions. CBS possesses a prosthetic heme that allows CO binding to inhibit the enzyme activity and to regulate H2S generation and/or protein arginine methylation. On the other hand, in response to heme accumulation in cells, PGRMC1 forms a stable dimer through stacking interactions of two protruding heme molecules. Heme-mediated PGRMC1 dimerization is necessary to interact with EGF receptor and cytochromes P450 that determine cell proliferation and xenobiotic metabolism. Furthermore, CO interferes with PGRMC1 dimerization by dissociating the heme stacking, and thus results in modulation of cell responses. This article reviews the intriguing functions of these two proteins in response to inducible and constitutive levels of CO with their pathophysiological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Kabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takehiro Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mayumi Kajimura
- Department of Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Yokohama 223-8521, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ikko Koike
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Ohmura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tokumoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Admission Center, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tsugawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Nanoparticle Translational Research, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Takuya Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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17
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Sivaprakasam C, Nachiappan V. Modulatory effect of cadmium on the expression of phospholipase A2 and proinflammatory genes in rat testis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:1176-1184. [PMID: 25808797 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal that is hazardous to health, and its exposure showed a significant reduction in mitochondrial phospholipid function in the rat testes. Cd induction enhanced phospholipases (PLA2 s) activities, specifically the secretory PLA2 and cytosolic PLA2 . There was a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential and significant decline in the respiratory complexes, which was confirmed by 2D blue native gel. The mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase and proinflammatory cytokine genes interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and interferon-γ increased and that of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 reduced with Cd exposure in a time-dependent manner. The gene expression of the proapoptotic factor Bax was elevated, and in parallel, the antiapoptotic factor Bcl2 was down-regulated. Hence, this study explored the testes under Cd toxicity and observed alterations in PLA2 s and mitochondrial membrane composition/function and further explored the impact of these alterations on proinflammation and apoptosis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1176-1184, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnarasu Sivaprakasam
- Biomembrane Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, 620024, India
| | - Vasanthi Nachiappan
- Biomembrane Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, 620024, India
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18
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Wang H, Liu L, Hu YF, Hao JH, Chen YH, Su PY, Yu Z, Fu L, Tao FB, Xu DX. Association of maternal serum cadmium level during pregnancy with risk of preterm birth in a Chinese population. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 216:851-857. [PMID: 27381872 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) was a developmental toxicant that induces fetal malformation and growth restriction in mice. However, epidemiological studies about the association of maternal serum Cd level with risk of preterm birth were limited. This study was to investigate whether maternal serum Cd level during pregnancy is associated with risk of preterm birth in a Chinese population. Total 3254 eligible mother-and-singleton-offspring pairs were recruited. Maternal serum Cd level was measured by GFAAS. Based on tertiles, maternal serum Cd concentration was classified as low (LCd, <0.65 μg/L), medium (MCd, 0.65-0.94 μg/L) and high (HCd, ≥0.95 μg/L). Odds ratio (OR) for preterm birth was estimated using multiple logistic regression models. Results showed the rate of preterm birth among LCd, M-Cd and HCd was 3.5%, 3.8%, and 9.4%, respectively. Subjects with HCd had a significantly higher risk for preterm birth (OR: 2.86; 95%CI: 1.95, 4.19; P < 0.001) than did those with LCd. Adjusted OR for preterm birth was 3.02 (95%CI: 2.02, 4.50; P < 0.001) among subjects with HCd compared to subjects with LCd. Taken together, the above results suggest that maternal serum Cd level during pregnancy is positively associated with risk of preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Yong-Fang Hu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Jia-Hu Hao
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan-Hua Chen
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Pu-Yu Su
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Lin Fu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Fang-Biao Tao
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China.
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China.
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19
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Çilenk KT, Öztürk İ, Sönmez MF. Ameliorative effect of propolis on the cadmium-induced reproductive toxicity in male albino rats. Exp Mol Pathol 2016; 101:207-213. [PMID: 27587086 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Propolis is a potent antioxidant and a free radical scavenger. The present study aimed to investigate protective effects of propolis extract on cadmium-induced testicular damage, apoptosis, HIF-1α expression and toxicity in rat's testis tissue. A total of 32 male rats were equally divided into four study groups namely, control, Cd (1mg/kg/day), Cd+propolis (50mg/kg/day) and propolis. The rats were decapitated under ketamine anesthesia and their testes tissues were removed. Serum testosterone, tissue malondialdehyde and HIF-1α levels, HIF-1α expression, apoptosis and histopathological damage scores were then compared. In the Cd group, the diameters of seminiferous tubules, tubular biopsy score of Johnsen and serum testosterone levels were decreased compared control group, but tissue HIF-1α and tissue MDA levels was higher than control group. The immunoreactivity of HIF-1α and the number of apoptotic cells were increased in Cd group. Furthermore, the propolis treated group showed an improved histological appearance in the Cd group. Thus, the results suggest that propolis acts as a potent protective agent against Cd-induced testicular toxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Tuğçe Çilenk
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - İsmet Öztürk
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Fatih Sönmez
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kayseri, Turkey.
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20
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Wang H, Wang Y, Bo QL, Ji YL, Liu L, Hu YF, Chen YH, Zhang J, Zhao LL, Xu DX. Maternal cadmium exposure reduces placental zinc transport and induces fetal growth restriction in mice. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 63:174-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Augmented expression of gamma-glutamyl transferase 5 (GGT5) impairs testicular steroidogenesis by deregulating local oxidative stress. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 366:467-481. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2458-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Suematsu M, Nakamura T, Tokumoto Y, Yamamoto T, Kajimura M, Kabe Y. CO-CBS-H2S Axis: From Vascular Mediator to Cancer Regulator. Microcirculation 2016; 23:183-90. [DOI: 10.1111/micc.12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry; Keio University School of Medicine; Japan Science and Technology Agency; ERATO Suematsu Gas Biology Project; Tokyo Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry; Keio University School of Medicine; Japan Science and Technology Agency; ERATO Suematsu Gas Biology Project; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tokumoto
- Department of Biochemistry; Keio University School of Medicine; Japan Science and Technology Agency; ERATO Suematsu Gas Biology Project; Tokyo Japan
| | - Takehiro Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry; Keio University School of Medicine; Japan Science and Technology Agency; ERATO Suematsu Gas Biology Project; Tokyo Japan
| | - Mayumi Kajimura
- Department of Biochemistry; Keio University School of Medicine; Japan Science and Technology Agency; ERATO Suematsu Gas Biology Project; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kabe
- Department of Biochemistry; Keio University School of Medicine; Japan Science and Technology Agency; ERATO Suematsu Gas Biology Project; Tokyo Japan
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23
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Maternal serum cadmium level during pregnancy and its association with small for gestational age infants: a population-based birth cohort study. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22631. [PMID: 26934860 PMCID: PMC4776171 DOI: 10.1038/srep22631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between maternal cadmium (Cd) exposure during pregnancy and the increased risk of fetal growth restriction (FGR) remains controversial. The present study evaluated the association between maternal serum Cd level and risk of small for gestational age (SGA) infants in a Chinese population. The present study analyzed a subsample of the C-ABCS cohort that recruited 3254 eligible mother-and-singleton-offspring pairs. Maternal serum Cd level during pregnancy was measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The rate and odds ratio (OR) for SGA infant were calculated. The rate for SGA infant was 10.6% among subjects with H-Cd (≥1.06 μg/L), significantly higher than 7.5% among subjects with L-Cd (<1.06 μg/L). OR was 1.45 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.90; P = 0.007) among subjects with H-Cd. Adjusted OR for SGA infants was 1.43 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.88; P = 0.007) among subjects with H-Cd. Taken together, we observe the fact that maternal Cd exposure at middle gestational stage, elevates the risk of SGA in contrast to early gestational stage. The present results might be interesting and worth more discussing, and guarantee to further studies.
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24
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Li R, Luo X, Li L, Peng Q, Yang Y, Zhao L, Ma M, Hou Z. The Protective Effects of Melatonin Against Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by Acute Cadmium Exposure in Mice Testis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016. [PMID: 26224376 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0449-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is widely used in daily life and was recently recognized as a possible source of human toxicity due to its ability to accumulate in organs. Previous studies have shown that Cd exposure may cause testicular toxicity through oxidative stress and an inflammatory effect. Melatonin has been demonstrated to be an effective anti-oxidant and has an anti-inflammatory effect. The aim of the present study was to investigate the toxicological effects of Cd on reproduction in male mice and the potential protective action of melatonin against these adverse effects. Adult male mice were injected intraperitoneally with Cd at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight per day for seven consecutive days with or without melatonin pretreatment. Sex organ weight, sperm parameters including sperm quality, apoptosis, acrosome integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, testicular morphology, serum sex hormone, inflammatory status, and oxidative stress were evaluated. The results showed that significant adverse effects were observed in the male reproductive system after Cd exposure, including alterations in sperm parameters, increased DNA damage, and sex hormone disturbance. Acute Cd exposure also significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, decreased glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and upregulated levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), in the testis. In contrast, melatonin pretreatment significantly alleviated these toxic effects, and its mechanism may involve inhibiting MDA level, restoring GSH and SOD activities, and reducing the upregulation of TNF-α and IL-1β. Our data suggest that oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in Cd-induced toxicity in the male reproductive system and that co-administration of melatonin exerts a protective effect against Cd-induced male reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyan Li
- Chongqing Institute of Population and Family Planning, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing, 400020, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Luo
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianbing Li
- Chongqing Institute of Population and Family Planning, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing, 400020, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Peng
- Beibei District of Chongqing Municipal Public Security Bureau of Interpol Detachment, Chongqing, 400700, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyou Yang
- Chongqing Institute of Population and Family Planning, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing, 400020, People's Republic of China
| | - Letian Zhao
- Chongqing Institute of Population and Family Planning, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing, 400020, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingfu Ma
- Chongqing Institute of Population and Family Planning, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing, 400020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiwei Hou
- Chongqing Institute of Population and Family Planning, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing, 400020, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Nguyen D, Boyer C. Macromolecular and Inorganic Nanomaterials Scaffolds for Carbon Monoxide Delivery: Recent Developments and Future Trends. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015; 1:895-913. [PMID: 33429521 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is as an important biological gasomediator. It plays significant roles in anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, and antiapoptotic pathways. Preclinical evidence in animal models has proven the beneficial effects of controlled CO gas administration. However, the medical use of CO gas has been hindered due to its administration. Indeed, its toxicity at high concentrations and the challenging delivery to specific target sites are the limiting factors. To overcome these problems, a wide range of CO-releasing molecules have been designed, and some have emerged as potential therapeutic agents. Despite some successes, these small CO-releasing molecules have limited stability in biologic media resulting in an unspecific release of CO, which could result in side effects. CO-releasing macromolecular and inorganic nanomaterial scaffolds have emerged as promising carriers due to their ability to encapsulate and deliver high amounts of CO-releasing molecules. Furthermore, polymer architecture could be designed for the controlled release of CO under specific stimuli. After highlighting some recent developments in the design of CO-releasing scaffolds, this review will discuss strategies and possible future directions of CO releasing macromolecules and inorganic nanomaterials for potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diep Nguyen
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, and ‡Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Gate 2, High Street, Sydney, Australia 2052
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Gate 2, High Street, Sydney, Australia 2052
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26
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Zhang Y, Song M, Rui X, Pu S, Li Y, Li C. Supplemental dietary phytosterin protects against 4-nitrophenol-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat testes. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:664-676. [PMID: 28962402 PMCID: PMC5598167 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Nitrophenol (PNP), is generally regarded as an environmental endocrine disruptor (EED). Phytosterin (PS), a new feed additive, possesses highly efficient antioxidant activities. The transcription factor, nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), is an important regulator of cellular oxidative stress. Using rats, this study examined PNP-induced testicular oxidative damage and PS-mediated protection against that damage. The generation of MDA and H2O2 upon PNP and PS treatment was milder than that upon treatment with PNP alone. This mitigation was accompanied by partially reversed changes in SOD, CAT, GSH and GSH-Px. Moreover, PNP significantly reduced the caudal epididymal sperm counts and serum testosterone levels. Typical morphological changes were also observed in the testes of PNP-treated animals. PNP reduced the transcriptional level of Nrf2, as evaluated by RT-PCR, but it promoted the dissociation from the Nrf2 complex, stabilization and translocation into the nucleus, as evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. In addition, PNP enhanced the Nrf2-dependent gene expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glutamate–cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC). These results suggest that the Nrf2 pathway plays an important role in PNP-induced oxidative damage and that PS possesses modulatory effects on PNP-induced oxidative damage in rat testes.
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Key Words
- 4-Nitrophenol
- 4-Nitrophenol (PubChem CID: 980)
- ARE, antioxidant response element
- Antioxidant gene
- Apoptosis
- CAT, catalase
- Campesterol (PubChem CID: 457801)
- DEP, diesel exhaust particles
- EED, environmental endocrine disruptor
- GCLC, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase
- GSH, glutathione
- GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase
- HO-1, heme oxygenase 1
- Keap1, kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- NQO1, NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1
- Nrf2
- Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- PNP, 4-nitrophenol
- PS, phytosterins
- Phytosterin
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- Stigmasterol (PubChem CID: 5280794)
- Testis
- β-Sitosterol (PubChem CID: 222284)
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.,Laboratory of Nuclear Receptors & Cancer Research, Basic Medical Research Center, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nanjing 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Meiyan Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Rui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Shaoxia Pu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yansen Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - ChunMei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
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Juárez-Rojas AL, García-Lorenzana M, Aragón-Martínez A, Gómez-Quiroz LE, del Socorro Retana-Márquez M. Intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways are involved in rat testis by cold water immersion-induced acute and chronic stress. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2015; 61:211-21. [DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2015.1030473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Sönmez MF, Tascioglu S. Protective effects of grape seed extract on cadmium-induced testicular damage, apoptosis, and endothelial nitric oxide synthases expression in rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2015; 32:1486-1494. [PMID: 25614582 DOI: 10.1177/0748233714566874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the protective effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) on cadmium (Cd)-induced testicular apoptosis, endothelial nitric oxide synthases (eNOS) expression, and toxicity in rats. A total of 24 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups, namely, control, Cd (2.5 mg/kg), Cd + GSPE (100 mg/kg/day), and GSPE. Spermatogenesis and mean seminiferous tubule diameter were significantly decreased in the Cd groups. Furthermore, the GSPE-treated animals showed an improved histological appearance in the Cd group. The immunoreactivity of eNOS and the number of apoptotic cells were increased in Cd group. Our data indicate a significant reduction of terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nick end-labeling staining and a decrease in the expression of eNOS in the testes tissue of the Cd group treated with GSPE therapy. Therefore, our results suggest that GSPE acts as a potent protective agent against Cd-induced testicular toxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Fatih Sönmez
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Simge Tascioglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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29
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Knazicka Z, Forgacs Z, Lukacova J, Roychoudhury S, Massanyi P, Lukac N. Endocrine disruptive effects of cadmium on steroidogenesis: human adrenocortical carcinoma cell line NCI-H295R as a cellular model for reproductive toxicity testing. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2015; 50:348-56. [PMID: 25723060 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2015.987520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a known endocrine disruptor with the ability to affect the production of hormones involved in the regulation of reproductive processes. In this study human adrenocortical carcinoma cell line NCI-H295R was used as an in vitro biological model to study the effect of cadmium (CdCl2) on steroidogenesis. The cell cultures were exposed to different concentrations of CdCl2 (1.90, 3.90, 7.80, 15.60, 31.20 and 62.50 μM) and compared to control (medium without CdCl2). Cell viability was measured by the metabolic activity (MTT) assay for estimation of mitochondria structural integrity. Quantification of sexual steroid production directly from aliquots of the medium was performed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Following 48 h culture of the cells in the presence of CdCl2 a concentration-dependent depletion in progesterone production was observed at the lower concentrations of CdCl2. The lowest amount of progesterone was significantly detected in groups with the higher doses (≥ 31.20 μM) of CdCl2, which elicited significant (P < 0.01) cytotoxic action, too. Cadmium decreased testosterone release in the whole applied range even at the lower concentration of CdCl2. The release of 17β-estradiol decreased as well, but the decline was less pronounced compared to decrease of progesterone and testosterone. The cytotoxic effect was significantly (P < 0.01) detected at all concentrations of CdCl2 (1.90-62.50 μM) used in the study. However, the cell viability remained relatively high (>75%) up to 7.80 μM of CdCl2 and significantly (P < 0.01) decreased at 15.60 μM and higher concentrations of CdCl2. These results suggest that cadmium has endocrine disruptive effects on sexual steroid synthesis even at very low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Knazicka
- a Department of Animal Physiology , Slovak University of Agriculture , Nitra , Slovak Republic
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30
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Díaz de Barboza G, Rodríguez V, Ponce R, Theiler G, Maldonado C, Tolosa de Talamoni N. Association of cellular and molecular alterations in Leydig cells with apoptotic changes in germ cells from testes of Graomys griseoflavus×Graomys centralis male hybrids. Acta Histochem 2014; 116:1037-45. [PMID: 24894511 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is disrupted in Graomys griseoflavus×Graomys centralis male hybrids. This study was aimed to determine whether morphological alterations in Leydig cells from hybrids accompany the arrest of spermatogenesis and cell death of germ cells and whether apoptotic pathways are also involved in the response of these interstitial cells. We used three groups of 1-, 2- and 3-month-old male animals: (1) G. centralis, (2) G. griseoflavus and (3) hybrids obtained by crossing G. griseoflavus females with G. centralis males. Testicular ultrastructure was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. TUNEL was studied using an in situ cell death detection kit and the expression of apoptotic molecules by immunohistochemistry. The data confirmed arrest of spermatogenesis and intense apoptotic processes of germ cells in hybrids. These animals also showed ultrastructural alterations in the Leydig cells. Fas, FasL and calbindin D28k overexpression without an increase in DNA fragmentation was detected in the Leydig cells from hybrids. In conclusion, the sterility of Graomys hybrids occurs with ultrastructural changes in germ and Leydig cells. The enhancement of Fas and FasL is not associated with cell death in the Leydig cells. Probably the apoptosis in these interstitial cells is inhibited by the high expression of the antiapoptotic molecule calbindin D28k.
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Ji YL, Wang H, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Chen YH, Xu DX. N-acetylcysteine protects against cadmium-induced germ cell apoptosis by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress in testes. Asian J Androl 2013; 15:290-6. [PMID: 23353715 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2012.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a reproductive toxicant that induces germ cell apoptosis in the testes. Previous studies have demonstrated that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in Cd-induced germ cell apoptosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, on Cd-induced ER stress and germ cell apoptosis in the testes. Male CD-1 mice were intraperitoneally injected with CdCl2 (2.0 mg kg(-1)). As expected, acute Cd exposure induced germ cell apoptosis in the testes, as determined by terminal dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL). However, the administration of NAC alleviated Cd-induced germ cell apoptosis in the testes. Further analysis showed that NAC attenuated the Cd-induced upregulation of testicular glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), an important ER molecular chaperone. Moreover, NAC inhibited the Cd-induced phosphorylation of testicular eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), a downstream target of the double-stranded RNA-activated kinase-like ER kinase (PERK) pathway. In addition, NAC blocked the Cd-induced activation of testicular X binding protein (XBP)-1, indicating that NAC attenuates the Cd-induced ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR). Interestingly, NAC almost completely prevented the Cd-induced elevation of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), two components of the ER stress-mediated apoptotic pathway. In conclusion, NAC protects against Cd-induced germ cell apoptosis by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress in the testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Li Ji
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Agarwal A, Hamada A, Esteves SC. Insight into oxidative stress in varicocele-associated male infertility: part 1. Nat Rev Urol 2012; 9:678-90. [PMID: 23165403 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2012.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Varicocele is recognized as the leading cause of male infertility because it can impair spermatogenesis through several distinct pathophysiological mechanisms. Current evidence supports oxidative stress as a key element in the pathophysiology of varicocele-related infertility, although these mechanisms have not yet been fully described. Measurement of the reactive oxygen species and other markers of oxidative stress, including the levels of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase, can provide valuable information on the extent of oxidative stress and might guide therapeutic management strategies. The testis can respond to varicocele-associated cell stressors, such as heat stress, ischaemia or production of vasodilators (for example, nitric oxide) at the expense of the generation of excessive reactive oxygen species. These responses have their own implications in exacerbating the underlying oxidative stress and on the subsequent infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Agarwal
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Wang DH, Hu JR, Wang LY, Hu YJ, Tan FQ, Zhou H, Shao JZ, Yang WX. The apoptotic function analysis of p53, Apaf1, Caspase3 and Caspase7 during the spermatogenesis of the Chinese fire-bellied newt Cynops orientalis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39920. [PMID: 22768170 PMCID: PMC3386923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spontaneous and stress-induced germ cell apoptosis during spermatogenesis of multicellular organisms have been investigated broadly in mammals. Spermatogenetic process in urodele amphibians was essentially like that in mammals in spite of morphological differences; however, the mechanism of germ cell apoptosis in urodele amphibians remains unknown. The Chinese fire-belly newt, Cynops orientalis, was an excellent organism for studying germ cell apoptosis due to its sensitiveness to temperature, strong endurance of starvation, and sensitive skin to heavy metal exposure. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS TUNEL result showed that spontaneous germ cell apoptosis took place in normal newt, and severe stress-induced apoptosis occurred to spermatids and sperm in response to heat shock (40°C 2 h), cold exposure (4°C 12 h), cadmium exposure (Cd 36 h), and starvation stress. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCR) showed that gene expression of Caspase3 or Caspase7 was obviously elevated after stress treatment. Apaf1 was not altered at its gene expression level, and p53 was significantly decreased after various stress treatment. Caspase assay demonstrated that Caspase-3, -8, -9 enzyme activities in newt testis were significantly elevated after heat shock (40°C 2 h), cold exposure (4°C 12 h), and cadmium exposure (Cd 36 h), while Caspase3 and Caspase8 activities were increased with Caspase9 significantly decreased after starvation treatment. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Severe germ cell apoptosis triggered by heat shock, cold exposure, and cadmium exposure was Caspase3 dependent, which probably involved both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Apaf1 may be involved in this process without elevating its gene expression. But starvation-induced germ cell apoptosis was likely mainly through extrinsic pathway. p53 was probably not responsible for stress-induced germ cell apoptosis in newt testis. The intriguing high occurrence of spermatid and sperm apoptosis probably resulted from the sperm morphology and unique reproduction policy of Chinese fire-belly newt, Cynops orientalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hui Wang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Rao Hu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ya Wang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, The Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Jun Hu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, The Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Qing Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhou
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Zhong Shao
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Lee EH, Oh JH, Lee YS, Park HJ, Choi MS, Park SM, Kang SJ, Yoon S. Gene expression analysis of toxicological pathways in TM3 leydig cell lines treated with Ethane dimethanesulfonate. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2012; 26:213-23. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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35
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Ji YL, Wang Z, Wang H, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Chen YH, Meng XH, Xu DX. Ascorbic acid protects against cadmium-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and germ cell apoptosis in testes. Reprod Toxicol 2012; 34:357-63. [PMID: 22569276 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a testicular toxicant which induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and germ cell apoptosis in testes. This study investigated the effects of ascorbic acid on Cd-evoked ER stress and germ cell apoptosis in testes. Male mice were intraperitoneally injected with CdCl(2) (2.0 mg/kg). As expected, a single dose of Cd induced testicular germ cell apoptosis. Interestingly, Cd-triggered testicular germ cell apoptosis was almost completely inhibited in mice treated with ascorbic acid. Interestingly, ascorbic acid significantly attenuated Cd-induced upregulation of GRP78 in testes. In addition, ascorbic acid significantly attenuated Cd-triggered testicular IRE1α and eIF2α phosphorylation and XBP-1 activation, indicating that this antioxidant counteracts Cd-induced unfolded protein response (UPR) in testes. Finally, ascorbic acid significantly attenuated Cd-evoked upregulation of CHOP and JNK phosphorylation, two components in ER stress-mediated apoptotic pathway. In conclusion, ascorbic acid protects mice from Cd-triggered germ cell apoptosis via inhibiting ER stress and UPR in testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Li Ji
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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Ji YL, Wang H, Meng C, Zhao XF, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Chen YH, Meng XH, Xu DX. Melatonin alleviates cadmium-induced cellular stress and germ cell apoptosis in testes. J Pineal Res 2012; 52:71-9. [PMID: 21793897 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2011.00921.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrates that melatonin has an anti-apoptotic effect in somatic cells. However, whether melatonin can protect against germ cell apoptosis remains obscure. Cadmium (Cd) is a testicular toxicant and induces germ cell apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the effects of melatonin on Cd-evoked germ cell apoptosis in testes. Male ICR mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with melatonin (5 mg/kg) every 8 hr, beginning at 8 hr before CdCl(2) (2.0 mg/kg, i.p.). As expected, acute Cd exposure resulted in germ cell apoptosis in testes, as determined by terminal dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Melatonin significantly alleviated Cd-induced testicular germ cell apoptosis. An additional experiment showed that spliced form of XBP-1, the target of the IRE-1 pathway, was significantly increased in testes of mice injected with CdCl(2). GRP78, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone, and CHOP, a downstream target of the PERK pathway, were upregulated in testes of Cd-treated mice. In addition, acute Cd exposure significantly increased testicular eIF2α and JNK phosphorylation, indicating that the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway was activated by CdCl(2). Interestingly, melatonin almost completely inhibited Cd-induced ER stress and the UPR in testes. In addition, melatonin obviously attenuated Cd-induced heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression and protein nitration in testes. Taken together, these results suggest that melatonin alleviates Cd-induced cellular stress and germ cell apoptosis in testes. Melatonin may be useful as pharmacological agents to protect against Cd-induced testicular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Li Ji
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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37
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Li T, Hu J, He GH, Li Y, Zhu CC, Hou WG, Zhang S, Li W, Zhang JS, Wang Z, Liu XP, Yao LB, Zhang YQ. Up-regulation of NDRG2 through nuclear factor-kappa B is required for Leydig cell apoptosis in both human and murine infertile testes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2011; 1822:301-13. [PMID: 22138128 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Many pro-apoptotic factors, such as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and Fas, play crucial roles in the process of Leydig cell apoptosis, ultimately leading to male sterility, such as in Sertoli cell only syndrome (SCO) and hypospermatogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism of such apoptosis is unclear. Recent reports on N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (ndrg2) have suggested that it is involved in cellular differentiation, development, and apoptosis. The unique expression of NDRG2 in SCO and hypospermatogenic testis suggests its pivotal role in those diseases. In this study, we analyzed NDRG2 expression profiles in the testes of normal spermatogenesis patients, hypospermatogenesis patients, and SCO patients, as well as in vivo and in vitro models, which were Sprague-Dawley rats and the Leydig cell line TM3 treated with the Leydig cell-specific toxicant ethane-dimethanesulfonate (EDS). Our data confirm that NDRG2 is normally exclusively located in the cytoplasm of Leydig cells and is up-regulated and translocates into the nucleus under apoptotic stimulations in human and murine testis. Meanwhile, transcription factor NF-κB was activated by EDS administration, bound to the ndrg2 promoter, and further increased in expression, effects that were abolished by NF-κB inhibitor Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC). Furthermore, siRNA knock-down of ndrg2 led to increased proliferative or decreased apoptotic TM3 cells, while over-expression of ndrg2 had the reverse effect. This study reveals that ndrg2 is a novel gene that participates in Leydig cell apoptosis, with essential functions in testicular cells, and suggests its possible role in apoptotic Leydig cells and male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Ji YL, Wang H, Zhao XF, Wang Q, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Chen YH, Meng XH, Xu DX. Crosstalk Between Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Mitochondrial Pathway Mediates Cadmium-Induced Germ Cell Apoptosis in Testes. Toxicol Sci 2011; 124:446-59. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Ji YL, Wang H, Liu P, Zhao XF, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Zhang H, Zhang C, Duan ZH, Meng C, Xu DX. Effects of maternal cadmium exposure during late pregnant period on testicular steroidogenesis in male offspring. Toxicol Lett 2011; 205:69-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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40
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Pubertal cadmium exposure impairs testicular development and spermatogenesis via disrupting testicular testosterone synthesis in adult mice. Reprod Toxicol 2010; 29:176-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2009] [Revised: 10/11/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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G. S, F. R, S. D. Effect of Supplementation of Zinc on Count, Motility and in vitro Fertilization Capacity of Spermatozoa of Magnetic Field Exposed Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2010.174.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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42
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Rahim F, Saki G, Bazrafkan M. Effect of Alcohol Extracts of the Ruta graveolens L. On the Count, Motility and in vitro Fertilization Capacity of Rat's Sperm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/ajps.2010.63.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kuramori C, Hase Y, Hoshikawa K, Watanabe K, Nishi T, Hishiki T, Soga T, Nashimoto A, Kabe Y, Yamaguchi Y, Watanabe H, Kataoka K, Suematsu M, Handa H. Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate targets glycogen debranching enzyme and affects glycogen metabolism in rat testis. Toxicol Sci 2009; 109:143-51. [PMID: 19240039 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalate esters are commonly used plasticizers; however, some are suspected to cause reproductive toxicity. Administration of high doses of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) induces germ cell death in male rodents. Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), a hydrolyzed metabolite of DEHP, appears to be responsible for this testicular toxicity; however, the underlying mechanism of this chemical's action remains unknown. Here, using a one-step affinity purification procedure, we identified glycogen debranching enzyme (GDE) as a phthalate-binding protein. GDE has oligo-1,4-1,4-glucanotransferase and amylo-1,6-glucosidase activities, which are responsible for the complete degradation of glycogen to glucose. Our findings demonstrate that MEHP inhibits the activity of oligo-1,4-1,4-glucanotransferase, but not of amylo-1,6-glucosidase. Among various phthalate esters tested, MEHP specifically binds to and inhibits GDE. We also show that DEHP administration affects glycogen metabolism in rat testis. Thus, inhibition of GDE by MEHP may play a role in germ cell apoptosis in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikanori Kuramori
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 226-8501 Yokohama, Japan
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Shintani T, Iwabuchi T, Soga T, Kato Y, Yamamoto T, Takano N, Hishiki T, Ueno Y, Ikeda S, Sakuragawa T, Ishikawa K, Goda N, Kitagawa Y, Kajimura M, Matsumoto K, Suematsu M. Cystathionine beta-synthase as a carbon monoxide-sensitive regulator of bile excretion. Hepatology 2009; 49:141-50. [PMID: 19085910 DOI: 10.1002/hep.22604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Carbon monoxide (CO) is a stress-inducible gas generated by heme oxygenase (HO) eliciting adaptive responses against toxicants; however, mechanisms for its reception remain unknown. Serendipitous observation in metabolome analysis in CO-overproducing livers suggested roles of cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) that rate-limits transsulfuration pathway and H(2)S generation, for the gas-responsive receptor. Studies using recombinant CBS indicated that CO binds to the prosthetic heme, stabilizing 6-coordinated CO-Fe(II)-histidine complex to block the activity, whereas nitric oxide (NO) forms 5-coordinated structure without inhibiting it. The CO-overproducing livers down-regulated H(2)S to stimulate HCO(3) (-)-dependent choleresis: these responses were attenuated by blocking HO or by donating H(2)S. Livers of heterozygous CBS knockout mice neither down-regulated H(2)S nor exhibited the choleresis while overproducing CO. In the mouse model of estradiol-induced cholestasis, CO overproduction by inducing HO-1 significantly improved the bile output through stimulating HCO(3) (-) excretion; such a choleretic response did not occur in the knockout mice. CONCLUSION Results collected from metabolome analyses suggested that CBS serves as a CO-sensitive modulator of H(2)S to support biliary excretion, shedding light on a putative role of the enzyme for stress-elicited adaptive response against bile-dependent detoxification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsunehiro Shintani
- Department of Biochemistry and Integrative Medical Biology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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Saradha B, Vaithinathan S, Mathur PP. Lindane induces testicular apoptosis in adult Wistar rats through the involvement of Fas-FasL and mitochondria-dependent pathways. Toxicology 2008; 255:131-9. [PMID: 19038305 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2008.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Revised: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lindane, an organochlorine pesticide, is known to impair testicular functions and fertility. To elucidate the mechanism(s) underpinning the gonadal effects of lindane, we sought to investigate the levels of apoptosis-related proteins, namely cytochrome c, caspase-3 and-9, Fas and FasL in the testis of adult rats. Furthermore, the study aims to delineate whether nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) is involved in meditating the testicular effects of lindane. Animals were administered with a single dose of lindane (5mg/kg body weight) and sacrificed at specific post-treatment intervals (0, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 72h). Significant elevations in the levels of cytosolic cytochrome c with a parallel increase in pro-caspase-9 were observed as early as 6h following exposure. Time-dependent elevations in the levels of Fas, FasL and caspase-3 were observed. Immunofluorescence studies revealed increased colocalization of Fas and caspase-3 in peritubular germ cells. FasL levels were increased in Sertoli and peritubular germ cells. The cytoplasmic levels of NF-kappaB p65 decreased from 3h following exposure with a maximal decline at 12 and 24h. Changes in the localization of NF-kappaB were observed with maximal nuclear translocation in germ cells at 12 and 24h. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nickend-labeling (TUNEL) assay revealed a time-dependent increase in the number of apoptotic cells. Taken together, the data illustrate induction of testicular apoptosis in adult rats following exposure to a single dose of lindane. Early activation of NF-kappaB in contrast to late increase in Fas expression suggests a pro-apoptotic role of NF-kappaB in testicular response to lindane.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Saradha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605 014, India
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Abdel Aziz MT, Mostafa T, Roshdy N, Hosni H, Rashed L, Sabry D, Abdel Nasser T, Abdel Azim O, Abdel Gawad O. Heme oxygenase enzyme activity in human seminal plasma of fertile and infertile males. Andrologia 2008; 40:292-7. [PMID: 18811919 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2008.00856.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to assess heme oxygenase (HO) enzyme activity relationship with different human semen parameters. One hundred and twenty men were divided according to their sperm count and clinical examination into: obstructive azoospermia (n = 20), nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) (n = 25), oligozoospermia (n = 35) and normozoospermia (n = 40). Semen analysis, western blot for HO-1 and HO-2, and estimation of seminal plasma HO enzyme activity chemically in the form of bilirubin concentration were carried out. Seminal plasma HO enzyme activity was very low in OA specimens, low in NOA, moderate in oligozoospermia while higher in normozoospermia (mean +/- SD; 6.26 +/- 2.2, 81.4 +/- 35.5, 283.8 +/- 90.1, 657.4 +/- 227.6 pmol ml(-1) min(-1)) with significant differences. Western blot analysis demonstrated HO-2 expression in all studied groups whereas HO-1 was highly expressed in fertile normozoospermic group compared with other groups. There was positive correlation between seminal plasma HO enzyme activity and sperm concentration, sperm motility percentage, motile spermatozoa ml(-1) and sperm normal morphology per cent. It is concluded that HO enzyme activity in the human seminal plasma is related to spermatogenesis and sperm-motility processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Abdel Aziz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Unit, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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McClusky LM. Cadmium accumulation and binding characteristics in intact Sertoli/germ cell units, and associated effects on stage-specific functionsin vitro: insights from a shark testis model. J Appl Toxicol 2008; 28:112-21. [PMID: 17557368 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The increased human use of cadmium (Cd) and its increased occurrence in the environment is of concern. The testis is sensitive to Cd because of the steroid-mediated regulation of spermatogenesis, high levels of DNA synthesis and gene transcription, all of which varies in a stage-related manner. Validated techniques (acridine orange vital staining to detect apoptosis and dextran-rhodamine exclusion to assess blood-testis barrier function) were recently developed and the shark testis was proposed as an alternative model for assessing stage-specific functions in living testicular tissue and to study toxicant actions on spermatogenesis. The present paper shows that 109Cd accumulation and binding in vitro was stage-dependent (premeiotic, PrM > meiotic, M > postmeiotic, PoM), rapid and persisted in spermatocysts (intact germ cell/Sertoli cell units) 49 h after washout. In competitive binding analyses of all three spermatocyst stages, Hg, but not Zn, could replace bound 109Cd, suggesting that Cd binding was specific. These findings were associated with a biphasic apoptotic response in the PrM spermatocysts, which was maximal at 10 microm CdCl2 and 1 microm CdCl2 after 2 and 4 days in culture, respectively. Although Cd uptake in PoM cysts was more than 2-fold less than uptake in PrM cysts, the percentage dextran-rhodamine permeant PoM cysts was approximately 8-fold greater than in controls in the presence of both 10 microm CdCl2 and 30 microm CdCl2 after 4 days culture, indicating that blood-testis barrier function in PoM spermatocysts was compromised. These findings demonstrate that this model has utility for use in screening assays of environmental toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon M McClusky
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, P.O. Box 2034, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Raddatz A, Kubulus D, Winning J, Bauer I, Pradarutti S, Wolf B, Kreuer S, Rensing H. Dobutamine Improves Liver Function after Hemorrhagic Shock through Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 174:198-207. [PMID: 16627864 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200508-1221oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protects the liver against reperfusion injury after hemorrhagic shock. Previous data suggest that the beta(1)-adrenoceptor agonist dobutamine induces HO-1 in hepatocytes. OBJECTIVES To investigate the functional significance of dobutamine pretreatment for liver function after hemorrhagic shock in vivo. METHODS Anesthetized rats received either Ringer's (Vehicle/Shock), 10 microg/kg/min of the beta(1)-adrenoceptor agonist dobutamine (Dob/Shock), or 10 microg/kg/min dobutamine and 500 microg/kg/min of the beta(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist esmolol (Dob/Esmolol/Shock) for 6 h. Hemorrhagic shock was induced thereafter (mean arterial pressure, 35 mm Hg for 90 min). Animals were resuscitated with shed blood and Ringer's. In addition, the HO pathway was blocked after dobutamine pretreatment with 10 micromol/kg tin-mesoporphyrin-IX (Dob/SnMP/Shock) or animals received 100 mg/kg of the carbon monoxide donor dichloromethane (DCM/Shock). MEASUREMENTS Hepatocellular metabolism and liver blood flow were measured by plasma disappearance rate of indocyanine green (PDR(ICG)) as a sensitive marker of liver function. MAIN RESULTS Pretreatment with dobutamine induced HO-1 in pericentral hepatocytes and improved PDR(ICG) (Vehicle/Shock: 11.7 +/- 8.12%/min vs. Dob/Shock: 19.7 +/- 2.46%/min, p = 0.006). Blockade of the HO pathway after preconditioning and the combined pretreatment with dobutamine and esmolol decreased PDR(ICG) (Dob/SnMP/Shock: 12.6 +/- 4.24%/min, p = 0.011; Dob/Esmolol/Shock: 10.2 +/- 4.34%/min, p = 0.008). Pretreatment with a carbon monoxide donor improved PDR(ICG) (DCM/Shock: 18 +/- 3.19%/min, p = 0.022) compared with Vehicle/Shock. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a beta(1)-adrenoceptor-dependent hepatic up-regulation of HO-1 and a better maintained hepatocellular function after hemorrhagic shock in animals pretreated with dobutamine. The improved hepatocellular function may be in part mediated by carbon monoxide because of up-regulation of HO-1. Pretreatment with dobutamine might be a potential means of pharmacologic preconditioning before ischemia-reperfusion of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Raddatz
- Klinik für Anaesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universität des Saarlandes, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Shiraishi K, Naito K. Generation of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal modified proteins in testes predicts improvement in spermatogenesis after varicocelectomy. Fertil Steril 2006; 86:233-5. [PMID: 16730723 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2005] [Revised: 12/10/2005] [Accepted: 12/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that testes with varicocele are exposed to oxidative stress (OS) with deterioration in spermatogenesis; however, the relationship between testicular OS and outcome after varicocelectomy is poorly understood. Levels of testicular 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal modified proteins, an OS marker, were significantly higher in responders than in nonresponders, suggesting that varicocelectomy reduces OS in testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Shiraishi
- Department of Urology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan.
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Song W, Su H, Song S, Paudel HK, Schipper HM. Over-expression of heme oxygenase-1 promotes oxidative mitochondrial damage in rat astroglia. J Cell Physiol 2006; 206:655-63. [PMID: 16222706 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Glial heme oxygenase-1 is over-expressed in the CNS of subjects with Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Up-regulation of HO-1 in rat astroglia has been shown to facilitate iron sequestration by the mitochondrial compartment. To determine whether HO-1 induction promotes mitochondrial oxidative stress, assays for 8-epiPGF(2alpha) (ELISA), protein carbonyls (ELISA) and 8-OHdG (HPLC-EC) were used to quantify oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, respectively, in mitochondrial fractions and whole-cell compartments derived from cultured rat astroglia engineered to over-express human (h) HO-1 by transient transfection. Cell viability was assessed by trypan blue exclusion and the MTT assay, and cell proliferation was determined by [3H] thymidine incorporation and total cell counts. In rat astrocytes, hHO-1 over-expression (x 3 days) resulted in significant oxidative damage to mitochondrial lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, partial growth arrest, and increased cell death. These effects were attenuated by incubation with 1 microM tin mesoporphyrin, a competitive HO inhibitor, or the iron chelator, deferoxamine. Up-regulation of HO-1 engenders oxidative mitochondrial injury in cultured rat astroglia. Heme-derived ferrous iron and carbon monoxide (CO) may mediate the oxidative modification of mitochondrial lipids, proteins and nucleic acids in these cells. Glial HO-1 hyperactivity may contribute to cellular oxidative stress, pathological iron deposition, and bioenergetic failure characteristic of degenerating and inflamed neural tissues and may constitute a rational target for therapeutic intervention in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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