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Cheah IK, Halliwell B. Could Ergothioneine Aid in the Treatment of Coronavirus Patients? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E595. [PMID: 32646061 PMCID: PMC7402156 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with SARS-CoV-2 causes the coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic that has, at present, infected more than 11 million people globally. Some COVID-19 patients develop a severe and critical illness, spurred on by excessive inflammation that can lead to respiratory or multiorgan failure. Numerous studies have established the unique array of cytoprotective properties of the dietary amino acid ergothioneine. Based on studies in a range of in vitro and in vivo models, ergothioneine has exhibited the ability to modulate inflammation, scavenge free radicals, protect against acute respiratory distress syndrome, prevent endothelial dysfunction, protect against ischemia and reperfusion injury, protect against neuronal damage, counteract iron dysregulation, hinder lung and liver fibrosis, and mitigate damage to the lungs, kidneys, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and testis, amongst many others. When compiled, this evidence suggests that ergothioneine has a potential application in the treatment of the underlying pathology of COVID-19. We propose that ergothioneine could be used as a therapeutic to reduce the severity and mortality of COVID-19, especially in the elderly and those with underlying health conditions. This review presents evidence to support that proposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irwin K. Cheah
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore;
- Life Science Institute, Neurobiology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Barry Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore;
- Life Science Institute, Neurobiology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
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2
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Liverani E, Tursi SA, Cornwell WD, Mondrinos MJ, Sun S, Buttaro BA, Wolfson MR, Rogers TJ, Tükel Ç, Kilpatrick LE. Protein kinase C-delta inhibition is organ-protective, enhances pathogen clearance, and improves survival in sepsis. FASEB J 2019; 34:2497-2510. [PMID: 31908004 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900897r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care units. Previously, we identified Protein Kinase C-delta (PKCδ) as an important regulator of the inflammatory response in sepsis. An important issue in development of anti-inflammatory therapeutics is the risk of immunosuppression and inability to effectively clear pathogens. In this study, we investigated whether PKCδ inhibition prevented organ dysfunction and improved survival without compromising pathogen clearance. Sprague Dawley rats underwent sham surgery or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce sepsis. Post-surgery, PBS or a PKCδ inhibitor (200µg/kg) was administered intra-tracheally (IT). At 24 hours post-CLP, there was evidence of lung and kidney dysfunction. PKCδ inhibition decreased leukocyte influx in these organs, decreased endothelial permeability, improved gas exchange, and reduced blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratios indicating organ protection. PKCδ inhibition significantly decreased bacterial levels in the peritoneal cavity, spleen and blood but did not exhibit direct bactericidal properties. Peritoneal chemokine levels, neutrophil numbers, or macrophage phenotypes were not altered by PKCδ inhibition. Peritoneal macrophages isolated from PKCδ inhibitor-treated septic rats demonstrated increased bacterial phagocytosis. Importantly, PKCδ inhibition increased survival. Thus, PKCδ inhibition improved survival and improved survival was associated with increased phagocytic activity, enhanced pathogen clearance, and decreased organ injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Liverani
- Center for Inflammation, Clinical and Translational Lung Research, Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.,Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sarah A Tursi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - William D Cornwell
- Center for Inflammation, Clinical and Translational Lung Research, Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mark J Mondrinos
- Center for Inflammation, Clinical and Translational Lung Research, Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.,Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Shuang Sun
- Center for Inflammation, Clinical and Translational Lung Research, Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bettina A Buttaro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Marla R Wolfson
- Center for Inflammation, Clinical and Translational Lung Research, Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Thomas J Rogers
- Center for Inflammation, Clinical and Translational Lung Research, Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Çagla Tükel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Laurie E Kilpatrick
- Center for Inflammation, Clinical and Translational Lung Research, Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.,Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
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3
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Ikwegbue PC, Masamba P, Oyinloye BE, Kappo AP. Roles of Heat Shock Proteins in Apoptosis, Oxidative Stress, Human Inflammatory Diseases, and Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 11:E2. [PMID: 29295496 PMCID: PMC5874698 DOI: 10.3390/ph11010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play cytoprotective activities under pathological conditions through the initiation of protein folding, repair, refolding of misfolded peptides, and possible degradation of irreparable proteins. Excessive apoptosis, resulting from increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) cellular levels and subsequent amplified inflammatory reactions, is well known in the pathogenesis and progression of several human inflammatory diseases (HIDs) and cancer. Under normal physiological conditions, ROS levels and inflammatory reactions are kept in check for the cellular benefits of fighting off infectious agents through antioxidant mechanisms; however, this balance can be disrupted under pathological conditions, thus leading to oxidative stress and massive cellular destruction. Therefore, it becomes apparent that the interplay between oxidant-apoptosis-inflammation is critical in the dysfunction of the antioxidant system and, most importantly, in the progression of HIDs. Hence, there is a need to maintain careful balance between the oxidant-antioxidant inflammatory status in the human body. HSPs are known to modulate the effects of inflammation cascades leading to the endogenous generation of ROS and intrinsic apoptosis through inhibition of pro-inflammatory factors, thereby playing crucial roles in the pathogenesis of HIDs and cancer. We propose that careful induction of HSPs in HIDs and cancer, especially prior to inflammation, will provide good therapeutics in the management and treatment of HIDs and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Chukwudi Ikwegbue
- Biotechnology and Structural Biochemistry (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
| | - Priscilla Masamba
- Biotechnology and Structural Biochemistry (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
| | - Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye
- Biotechnology and Structural Biochemistry (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
- Department of Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti 360001, Nigeria.
| | - Abidemi Paul Kappo
- Biotechnology and Structural Biochemistry (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
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4
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Sareh H, Tulapurkar ME, Shah NG, Singh IS, Hasday JD. Response of mice to continuous 5-day passive hyperthermia resembles human heat acclimation. Cell Stress Chaperones 2011; 16:297-307. [PMID: 21080137 PMCID: PMC3077225 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-010-0240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic repeated exposure to hyperthermia in humans results in heat acclimation (HA), an adaptive process that is attained in humans by repeated exposure to hyperthermia and is characterized by improved heat elimination and increased exercise capacity, and acquired thermal tolerance (ATT), a cellular response characterized by increased baseline heat shock protein (HSP) expression and blunting of the acute increase in HSP expression stimulated by re-exposure to thermal stress. Epidemiologic studies in military personnel operating in hot environments and elite athletes suggest that repeated exposure to hyperthermia may also exert long-term health effects. Animal models demonstrate that coincident exposure to mild hyperthermia or prior exposure to severe hyperthermia can profoundly affect the course of experimental infection and injury, but these models do not represent HA. In this study, we demonstrate that CD-1 mice continuously exposed to mild hyperthermia (ambient temperature ~37°C causing ~2°C increase in core temperature) for 5 days and then exposed to a thermal stress (42°C ambient temperature for 40 min) exhibited some of the salient features of human HA, including (1) slower warming during thermal stress and more rapid cooling during recovery and (2) increased activity during thermal stress, as well as some of the features of ATT, including (1) increased baseline expression of HSP72 and HSP90 in lung, heart, spleen, liver, and brain; and (2) blunted incremental increase in HSP72 expression following acute thermal stress. This study suggests that continuous 5-day exposure of CD-1 mice to mild hyperthermia induces a state that resembles the physiologic and cellular responses of human HA. This model may be useful for analyzing the molecular mechanisms of HA and its consequences on host responsiveness to subsequent stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houtan Sareh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Mohan E. Tulapurkar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Nirav G. Shah
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
- Mucosal Biology Research Center, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Ishwar S. Singh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
- Mucosal Biology Research Center, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
- Research Services, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Hasday
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
- Mucosal Biology Research Center, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
- Research Services, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Health Science Facility-II, Rm. S347, 20 Penn St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
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5
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Fong IW. New Concepts and Emerging Issues in Sepsis. EMERGING ISSUES AND CONTROVERSIES IN INFECTIOUS DISEASE 2009. [PMCID: PMC7122214 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-84841-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. W. Fong
- Professor of Medicine University of Toronto, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8 Canada
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Shu Q, Shi Z, Zhao Z, Chen Z, Yao H, Chen Q, Hoeft A, Stuber F, Fang X. Protection against Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia and sepsis-induced lung injury by overexpression of beta-defensin-2 in rats. Shock 2006; 26:365-71. [PMID: 16980883 DOI: 10.1097/01.shk.0000224722.65929.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Beta-defensin-2 (BD-2), a small cationic antimicrobial peptide, was first described to be an inducible defensin at the epithelial surfaces. In vitro studies have demonstrated that it may play a pivotal role in the anti-inflammatory immune response in addition to its antimicrobial activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of overexpression of BD-2 on lung injury to crudely investigate whether the function of BD-2 in the lung attributed to both antimicrobial action and modulation of the immune response. Recombinant adenovirus carrying an expression cassette of rat BD-2 or control adenovirus carrying empty vector was administered intratracheally to Sprague-Dawley rats 48 h before performing acute lung injury, which was induced either by Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection or by cecal ligation and double puncture (2CLP). In vivo antimicrobial activity of BD-2, histological changes of the lungs in both infectious and 2CLP models, pulmonary intracellular adhesion molecule-1 protein level, as well as the 7-day survival rate in the latter model were determined. Amounts of the P. aeruginosa in the lung with BD-2 overexpression were significantly lower compared with that in controls (2.87+/-0.76x10(4) colony-forming units [CFU]/mL vs. 2.49+/-0.74x10(6) CFU/mL, P<0.05). Overexpression of BD-2 reduced alveolar damage, interstitial edema, and infiltration of neutrophils in both models. Furthermore, in the 2CLP model, recombinant BD-2 not only significantly decreased protein levels of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 in lung tissue at 24, 36, and 72 h after 2CLP (P<0.05), but also significantly improved the survival of rats (P<0.05). The CFU of abdominal bacteria was comparable to that in the control rats (P>0.05). Therefore, overexpression of BD-2 protects against P. aeruginosa pneumonia and 2CLP-induced lung injury based on its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities, respectively. Modulating the expression level of BD-2 may serve as an approach to attenuate lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shu
- Children's Hospital, School of Medicine and National Key Laboratory of Infection Disease, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Flierl MA, Schreiber H, Huber-Lang MS. The role of complement, C5a and its receptors in sepsis and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. J INVEST SURG 2006; 19:255-65. [PMID: 16835140 DOI: 10.1080/08941930600778263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis continues to be a major clinical problem that is difficult to treat, as the pathophysiology of the disease is still unclear. Despite promising experimental strategies, therapeutic interventions have been largely unsuccessful. There is now increasing evidence that the disturbance of innate immunity during sepsis and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS) may be linked to uncontrolled activation of the complement system. Especially, the powerful anaphylatoxin C5a seems to play a key role in the development of immune paralysis. In this review, we describe our present understanding of the role of complement in the inflammatory response during sepsis and MODS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Flierl
- Department of Traumatology, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of Ulm, Steinhoevelstrasse 9, 89075 Ulm, Germany
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8
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Urs J, Heidemann SM. Heat stress decreases pulmonary MCP-1 production in endotoxemia. Cytokine 2005; 26:243-6. [PMID: 15183841 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2004.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2003] [Revised: 02/21/2004] [Accepted: 02/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An exaggerated pro-inflammatory response in endotoxemia may lead to multiple organ damage including acute lung injury. Heat stress prior to endotoxemia results in attenuation of inflammation possibly by decreasing cytokine production. Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is responsible for monocyte recruitment into the lung in acute lung injury. The objective of this study is to determine if pretreatment with heat results in decreased MCP-1 production in the lungs of endotoxemic rats at a transcriptional or post-transcriptional level. Rats were assigned to one of four groups: control, heat alone, heat with or without endotoxin. Rats were made endotoxemic by injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. MCP-1 was measured in lavage fluid and MCP-1 mRNA in the lung tissue. Endotoxemia resulted in production of MCP-1. Control and heat alone rats had 21+/-4 vs. 20+/-3 pg/ml, p=0.75. MCP-1 concentration was decreased in the lavage fluid of pre-heated when compared to non-heated endotoxemic rats (37+/-28 vs. 70+/-35 pg/ml, p <0.02 ). However, the MCP-1 mRNA was higher in the heated compared to non-heated endotoxemic rats (1.59+/-0.35 vs. 0.74+/-0.51, MCP-1/beta-actin mRNA, p <0.01). Control and heat alone rats had undetectable mRNA MCP-1 in the lungs. Heat stress prior to endotoxemia results in decreased production of MCP-1 by a post-transcriptional mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadish Urs
- Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, 3901 Beaubien, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Wizorek JJ, Coopersmith CM, Laramie JM, Tong A, Stromberg PE, Hotchkiss RS, Buchman TG, Cobb JP. Sequence makes a difference: paradoxical effects of stress in vivo. Shock 2005; 22:229-33. [PMID: 15316392 DOI: 10.1097/01.shk.0000133593.55400.ca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In vitro studies have shown that induction of heat shock before an inflammatory stimulus is cytoprotective, whereas induction of heat shock after an inflammatory stimulus can lead to apoptosis (the "heat shock paradox"). We sought to determine whether induction of the heat shock response in vivo caused similar, order-dependent effects on survival, and if so, by what mechanism. ND4 and C57BL/6 mice were used to calibrate the response to hyperthermia at 41.5 degrees C via induction of inducible heat shock protein 70. Sequences of heat shock and septic stresses were studied in murine models of hyperthermia (41.5 degrees C for 20 min) and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), respectively. Previous heat shock to 41.5 degrees C did not protect CLP mice when compared with control CLP animals heated to 37 degrees C, but heat shock increased mortality when activated after CLP compared with controls. This effect of heat shock on CLP mortality was strain independent, and did not involve alterations in CLP-induced thymus, spleen, or intestinal apoptosis. We conclude that the heat shock paradox can occur in vitro and in vivo, and that the negative effects of heat shock on survival after CLP appeared to be strain independent. Furthermore, the stress of general anesthesia and warming also altered CLP mortality unexpectedly. The cellular mechanisms responsible for these "stressor" paradoxes in vivo are not known, but do not involve altered sepsis-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Wizorek
- Cellular Injury and Adaptation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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. AV, . MM, . ES, . NR, . SK, . AR, . MA. Future Drugs for Treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. INT J PHARMACOL 2004. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2005.9.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Husain KD, Stromberg PE, Javadi P, Buchman TG, Karl IE, Hotchkiss RS, Coopersmith CM. BCL-2 Inhibits Gut Epithelial Apoptosis Induced by Acute Lung Injury in Mice but Has No Effect On Survival. Shock 2003; 20:437-43. [PMID: 14560108 DOI: 10.1097/01.shk.0000094559.76615.1c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Gut epithelial apoptosis is increased in human studies and animal models of noninfectious inflammation and sepsis. Elevated intestinal cell death appears to be physiologically significant in sepsis. Previous studies demonstrate that overexpression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 in the gut epithelium of transgenic mice is associated with improved survival from Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia and cecal ligation and puncture. The functional significance of elevated gut apoptosis in noninfectious inflammation has not been examined. We hypothesized that intestinal apoptosis would be detrimental to survival in noninfectious critical illness. To address this issue, acute lung injury (ALI) was induced with intratracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 800 microg) in wild-type (WT) FVB/N mice and transgenic mice that overexpress Bcl-2 in their intestinal epithelium. Guts were harvested at 12, 24, 48, and 72 h and assessed for apoptosis by both hematoxylin and eosin and active caspase-3 staining in 100 contiguous crypts. ALI increased gut epithelial apoptosis 12 h after LPS instillation compared with shams (P < 0.01), whereas overexpression of Bcl-2 decreased intestinal apoptosis compared with WT animals with ALI when assayed by active caspase-3 (P < 0.05). Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 were similar between WT and transgenic animals with ALI, both of which had elevated IL-10 levels at 12 h and elevated IL-6 levels at 24 h compared with sham animals. In a separate experiment, transgenic and WT animals with ALI were followed for mortality to determine whether gut overexpression of Bcl-2 conferred a survival advantage. Survival at 10 days was 73% in WT animals (n = 33) and 65% in Bcl-2 animals (n = 23, P = ns). These results indicate that while gut epithelial apoptosis is elevated in multiple models of critical illness, prevention of intestinal cell death by overexpression of Bcl-2 is associated with a disparate survival effect between sepsis and noninfectious inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem D Husain
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Vreugdenhil HA, Haitsma JJ, Jansen KJ, Zijlstra J, Plötz FB, van Dijk JE, Lachmann B, van Vught H, Heijnen CJ. Ventilator-induced heat shock protein 70 and cytokine mRNA expression in a model of lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation. Intensive Care Med 2003; 29:915-922. [PMID: 12734649 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-003-1747-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2002] [Accepted: 02/28/2003] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of mechanical ventilation with no PEEP (ZEEP) and 4 cmH(2)O PEEP on heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and pulmonary inflammatory cytokine expression in a model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced lung inflammation. DESIGN AND SETTING Prospective, randomized, experimental animal study. SUBJECTS AND INTERVENTIONS We challenged 42 male Sprague-Dawley rats intratracheally with LPS. After 24 h the rats were randomly assigned to one of the ventilation strategies. Rats received either 4 h of mechanical ventilation with ZEEP or mechanical ventilation with 4 cmH(2)O PEEP. A nonventilated control group received LPS only. Lung pathology after LPS challenge was evaluated by histology to assess baseline lung injury. HSP70 and cytokine mRNA levels were measured in total lung homogenates. RESULTS PaO(2) levels and lung histology revealed no deterioration after PEEP ventilation and severe deterioration after ZEEP ventilation. There was a significant higher expression of HSP70 and IL-1beta mRNA in the lungs of the ZEEP group than in the PEEP group and nonventilated controls. In the ZEEP group high HSP70 levels were correlated inversely with low IL-1beta mRNA and low IL-6 mRNA. CONCLUSIONS We propose that HSP70 expression protects the lung against ventilator-induced lung injury by decreasing cytokine transcription in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriët A Vreugdenhil
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory for Psychoneuroimmunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jack J Haitsma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Koos J Jansen
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jitske Zijlstra
- Laboratory for Psychoneuroimmunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frans B Plötz
- Department of Pediatrics, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap E van Dijk
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Burkhard Lachmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans van Vught
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cobi J Heijnen
- Laboratory for Psychoneuroimmunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Sartori C, Scherrer U. Turning up the Heat in the Lungs. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-8997-0_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Abstract
Good health, which reflects the harmonious integration of molecules, cells, tissues and organs, is dynamically stable: when displaced by disease, compensation and correction are common, even without medical care. Physiology and computational biology now suggest that healthy dynamic stability arises through the combination of specific feedback mechanisms and spontaneous properties of interconnected networks. Today's physicians are already testing to 'see if the network is right'; tomorrow's physicians may well use therapies to 'make the network right'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy G Buchman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA.
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