1
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The RBC's road to ghost and removal: splenic clearance. Blood Adv 2021; 5:4422-4425. [PMID: 34570212 PMCID: PMC8579252 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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2
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Aizawa K, Kawasaki R, Tashiro Y, Shimonaka Y, Hirata M. Epoetin beta pegol for treatment of anemia ameliorates deterioration of erythrocyte quality associated with chronic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol 2018; 19:19. [PMID: 29374477 PMCID: PMC5787256 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-018-0818-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epoetin beta pegol (continuous erythropoietin receptor activator; C.E.R.A.) is currently widely used for the treatment of anemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therapeutic control of anemia is assessed by monitoring haemoglobin (Hb) levels. However, certain qualitative aspects of erythrocytes are also impaired in CKD, including loss of deformability and shortened life-span. Therefore, monitoring Hb alone could potentially fail to reveal pathological changes in erythrocytes. Focusing on erythrocyte quality in CKD may lead to more effective anemia therapy with C.E.R.A. Methods A CKD rat model was induced by uninephrectomy followed by anti-Thy1.1 antibody injection. From 5 weeks after the operation, C.E.R.A. (0.6 μg/kg) or vehicle was administered every 2 weeks. Erythrocyte deformability was quantified with ektacytometry and erythrocyte turnover was estimated by biotin labeling. Intracellular calcium level was assessed by Fluo-3/AM. Results Erythrocyte deformability progressively declined in CKD rats. Furthermore, erythrocyte turnover in the circulation drastically accelerated in CKD rats. With administration of C.E.R.A. at a dose sufficient to adequately control Hb, deterioration of erythrocyte deformability and turnover in CKD rats were significantly improved. Intracellular calcium, which plays a pivotal role in the mediation of erythrocyte quality, was significantly increased in CKD and was normalized by C.E.R.A. treatment. Conclusion C.E.R.A. treatment exerted a favorable effect not only on anemia but also on the improvement of erythrocyte quality. C.E.R.A. administered for the treatment of CKD-associated anemia may confer therapeutic benefits on erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Aizawa
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, 247-8530, Japan.
| | - Ryohei Kawasaki
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, 247-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Tashiro
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, 247-8530, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shimonaka
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, 247-8530, Japan
| | - Michinori Hirata
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, 247-8530, Japan
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Revin VV, Gromova NV, Revina ES, Grunyushkin IP, Tychkov AY, Samonova AY, Kukina AN, Moskovkin AA, Bourdon JC, Zhelev N. The effect of experimental hyperoxia on erythrocytes’ oxygen-transport function. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1414633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Vasilevich Revin
- Faculty of Вiotechnology and Biology, Department of Вiotechnology, Bioengineering and Вiochemistry, Federal State-Financed Academic Institution of Higher Education “National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University”, Saransk, Russia
| | - Natalia Vasilevna Gromova
- Faculty of Вiotechnology and Biology, Department of Вiotechnology, Bioengineering and Вiochemistry, Federal State-Financed Academic Institution of Higher Education “National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University”, Saransk, Russia
| | - Elvira Sergeevna Revina
- Faculty of Вiotechnology and Biology, Department of Вiotechnology, Bioengineering and Вiochemistry, Federal State-Financed Academic Institution of Higher Education “National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University”, Saransk, Russia
| | - Igor Pavlovich Grunyushkin
- Faculty of Вiotechnology and Biology, Department of Вiotechnology, Bioengineering and Вiochemistry, Federal State-Financed Academic Institution of Higher Education “National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University”, Saransk, Russia
| | - Alexander Yurievich Tychkov
- Faculty of Вiotechnology and Biology, Department of Вiotechnology, Bioengineering and Вiochemistry, Federal State-Financed Academic Institution of Higher Education “National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University”, Saransk, Russia
| | - Anastasia Yurievna Samonova
- Faculty of Вiotechnology and Biology, Department of Вiotechnology, Bioengineering and Вiochemistry, Federal State-Financed Academic Institution of Higher Education “National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University”, Saransk, Russia
| | - Anastasia Nikolaevna Kukina
- Faculty of Вiotechnology and Biology, Department of Вiotechnology, Bioengineering and Вiochemistry, Federal State-Financed Academic Institution of Higher Education “National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University”, Saransk, Russia
| | - Alexander Alexandrovich Moskovkin
- Faculty of Вiotechnology and Biology, Department of Вiotechnology, Bioengineering and Вiochemistry, Federal State-Financed Academic Institution of Higher Education “National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University”, Saransk, Russia
| | | | - Nikolai Zhelev
- CMCBR, School of Science, Engineering & Technology, Abertay University, Dundee, UK
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4
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Li X, Li H, Chang HY, Lykotrafitis G, Em Karniadakis G. Computational Biomechanics of Human Red Blood Cells in Hematological Disorders. J Biomech Eng 2017; 139:2580906. [PMID: 27814430 DOI: 10.1115/1.4035120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We review recent advances in multiscale modeling of the biomechanical characteristics of red blood cells (RBCs) in hematological diseases, and their relevance to the structure and dynamics of defective RBCs. We highlight examples of successful simulations of blood disorders including malaria and other hereditary disorders, such as sickle-cell anemia, spherocytosis, and elliptocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejin Li
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 e-mail:
| | - He Li
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Hung-Yu Chang
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - George Lykotrafitis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269;Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - George Em Karniadakis
- Fellow ASME Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 e-mail:
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Aniweh Y, Gao X, Hao P, Meng W, Lai SK, Gunalan K, Chu TT, Sinha A, Lescar J, Chandramohanadas R, Li HY, Sze SK, Preiser PR. P. falciparum RH5-Basigin interaction induces changes in the cytoskeleton of the host RBC. Cell Microbiol 2017; 19. [PMID: 28409866 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The successful invasion of Plasmodium is an essential step in their life cycle. The parasite reticulocyte-binding protein homologues (RHs) and erythrocyte-binding like proteins are two families involved in the invasion leading to merozoite-red blood cell (RBC) junction formation. Ca2+ signaling has been shown to play a critical role in the invasion. RHs have been linked to Ca2+ signaling, which triggers the erythrocyte-binding like proteins release ahead of junction formation, consistent with RHs performing an initial sensing function in identifying suitable RBCs. RH5, the only essential RHs, is a highly promising vaccine candidate. RH5-basigin interaction is essential for merozoite invasion and also important in determining host tropism. Here, we show that RH5 has a distinct function from the other RHs. We show that RH5-Basigin interaction on its own triggers a Ca2+ signal in the RBC resulting in changes in RBC cytoskeletal proteins phosphorylation and overall alterations in RBC cytoskeleton architecture. Antibodies targeting RH5 that block the signal prevent invasion before junction formation consistent with the Ca2+ signal in the RBC leading to rearrangement of the cytoskeleton required for invasion. This work provides the first time a functional context for the essential role of RH5 and will now open up new avenues to target merozoite invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaw Aniweh
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Cell biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Xiaohong Gao
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Cell biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Piliang Hao
- Division of Structural Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Wei Meng
- Division of Structural Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Soak Kuan Lai
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Cell biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Karthigayan Gunalan
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Cell biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Trang T Chu
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), Singapore
| | - Ameya Sinha
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Cell biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), Singapore
| | - Julien Lescar
- Division of Structural Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Rajesh Chandramohanadas
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), Singapore
| | - Hoi Yeung Li
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Cell biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- Division of Structural Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Peter R Preiser
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Cell biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Silkin YA, Silkina EN. The role of ecto-ATPases of erythrocyte plasma membrane in hemodynamics of fishes. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093017010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Qadri SM, Donkor DA, Bhakta V, Eltringham-Smith LJ, Dwivedi DJ, Moore JC, Pepler L, Ivetic N, Nazi I, Fox-Robichaud AE, Liaw PC, Sheffield WP. Phosphatidylserine externalization and procoagulant activation of erythrocytes induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factor pyocyanin. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:710-20. [PMID: 26781477 PMCID: PMC5125577 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes a wide range of infections in multiple hosts by releasing an arsenal of virulence factors such as pyocyanin. Despite numerous reports on the pleiotropic cellular targets of pyocyanin toxicity in vivo, its impact on erythrocytes remains elusive. Erythrocytes undergo an apoptosis‐like cell death called eryptosis which is characterized by cell shrinkage and phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization; this process confers a procoagulant phenotype on erythrocytes as well as fosters their phagocytosis and subsequent clearance from the circulation. Herein, we demonstrate that P. aeruginosa pyocyanin‐elicited PS exposure and cell shrinkage in erythrocyte while preserving the membrane integrity. Mechanistically, exposure of erythrocytes to pyocyanin showed increased cytosolic Ca2+ activity as well as Ca2+‐dependent proteolytic processing of μ‐calpain. Pyocyanin further up‐regulated erythrocyte ceramide abundance and triggered the production of reactive oxygen species. Pyocyanin‐induced increased PS externalization in erythrocytes translated into enhanced prothrombin activation and fibrin generation in plasma. As judged by carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl‐ester labelling, pyocyanin‐treated erythrocytes were cleared faster from the murine circulation as compared to untreated erythrocytes. Furthermore, erythrocytes incubated in plasma from patients with P. aeruginosa sepsis showed increased PS exposure as compared to erythrocytes incubated in plasma from healthy donors. In conclusion, the present study discloses the eryptosis‐inducing effect of the virulence factor pyocyanin, thereby shedding light on a potentially important mechanism in the systemic complications of P. aeruginosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed M Qadri
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - David A Donkor
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Varsha Bhakta
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Dhruva J Dwivedi
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute (TaARI), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jane C Moore
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Laura Pepler
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute (TaARI), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nikola Ivetic
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ishac Nazi
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alison E Fox-Robichaud
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute (TaARI), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia C Liaw
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute (TaARI), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - William P Sheffield
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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8
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Nagababu E, Scott AV, Johnson DJ, Dwyer IM, Lipsitz JA, Barodka VM, Berkowitz DE, Frank SM. Oxidative stress and rheologic properties of stored red blood cells before and after transfusion to surgical patients. Transfusion 2016; 56:1101-11. [PMID: 26825863 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The loss of structural and functional integrity of red blood cells (RBCs) during storage, collectively referred to as "storage lesion," has been implicated in reduced oxygen delivery after transfusion. RBCs are highly susceptible to oxidative damage from generation of reactive oxygen species by autoxidation of hemoglobin. Therefore, we examined whether increased oxidative stress (OS) in stored RBCs is associated with impaired cell membrane deformability before or after transfusion. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Thirty-four patients undergoing multilevel spine fusion surgery were enrolled. OS in RBCs was assessed by the presence of fluorescent heme degradation products and methemoglobin, which were measured with fluorimetric and spectrophotometric methods, respectively. Deformability and aggregation were determined by ektacytometry in stored RBCs, autologous salvaged RBCs, and posttransfusion blood samples. RESULTS OS in stored RBCs was significantly increased with longer storage (R = 0.54, p = 0.032) and significantly higher than that in fresh RBCs (9.1 ± 1.3 fluorescent arbitrary units vs. 7.7 ± 0.9 fluorescent arbitrary units, p < 0.001). Deformability decreased (R = -0.60, p = 0.009) with increasing storage duration. OS was elevated (p < 0.05) and deformability was decreased (p < 0.05) in postoperative blood from patients who had undergone moderate (≥4 RBC units) but not minimal or no transfusion. Neither the decrease in deformability of RBCs nor the aggregation changes were correlated with OS. CONCLUSIONS Although stored RBCs show signs of increased OS and loss of cell membrane deformability, these changes were not directly correlated and were only evident after moderate but not lower dose transfusion in postoperative surgical patients. These findings suggest that factors other than OS may contribute to impaired rheology with stored RBCs in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enika Nagababu
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew V Scott
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel J Johnson
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ian M Dwyer
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joshua A Lipsitz
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Viachaslau M Barodka
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dan E Berkowitz
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steven M Frank
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
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9
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Identification of signalling cascades involved in red blood cell shrinkage and vesiculation. Biosci Rep 2015; 35:BSR20150019. [PMID: 25757360 PMCID: PMC4400636 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20150019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though red blood cell (RBC) vesiculation is a well-documented phenomenon, notably in the context of RBC aging and blood transfusion, the exact signalling pathways and kinases involved in this process remain largely unknown. We have established a screening method for RBC vesicle shedding using the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin which is a rapid and efficient method to promote vesiculation. In order to identify novel pathways stimulating vesiculation in RBC, we screened two libraries: the Library of Pharmacologically Active Compounds (LOPAC) and the Selleckchem Kinase Inhibitor Library for their effects on RBC from healthy donors. We investigated compounds triggering vesiculation and compounds inhibiting vesiculation induced by ionomycin. We identified 12 LOPAC compounds, nine kinase inhibitors and one kinase activator which induced RBC shrinkage and vesiculation. Thus, we discovered several novel pathways involved in vesiculation including G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signalling, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)–Akt (protein kinase B) pathway, the Jak–STAT (Janus kinase–signal transducer and activator of transcription) pathway and the Raf–MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase)–ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway. Moreover, we demonstrated a link between casein kinase 2 (CK2) and RBC shrinkage via regulation of the Gardos channel activity. In addition, our data showed that inhibition of several kinases with unknown functions in mature RBC, including Alk (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) kinase and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), induced RBC shrinkage and vesiculation. After screening two libraries of small bioactive molecules and kinase inhibitors, we identified several signalling pathways to be involved in red blood cell (RBC) shrinkage and vesiculation. These include the Jak (Janus kinase)–STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) pathway, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)–Akt pathway, the Raf–MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase)–ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway and GPCR (G protein-coupled receptor) signalling.
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10
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Zhirnov VV, Iakovenko IN. The osmotic resistance, and zeta potential responses of human erythrocytes to transmembrane modification of Ca2+ fluxes in the presence of the imposed low rate radiation field of 90Sr. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 91:117-26. [PMID: 25084838 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.950716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of the imposed low dose rate ionizing field on membrane stability of human erythrocytes under modulation of transmembrane exchange of Ca(2+). MATERIALS AND METHODS Osmotic resistance of human erythrocytes was determined by a measure of haemoglobin released from erythrocytes when placed in a medium containing serial dilutions of Krebs isotonic buffer. The zeta potential as indicator of surface membrane potential was calculated from value of the cellular electrophoretic mobility. The irradiation of erythrocyte suspensions carried out by applying suitable aliquots of (90)Sr in incubation media. RESULTS Irradiation of human erythrocytes by (90)Sr (1.5-15.0 μGy·h(-1)) induced a reversible increase of hyposmotic hemolysis and negative charge value on the outer membrane surface as well as changed responses these parameters to modification of Ca(2+) fluxes with calcimycin and nitrendipine. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that the low dose rate radionuclides ((90)Sr) field modifies both Ca(2+)-mediated, and Ca(2+)-independent cellular signalling regulating mechanical stability of erythrocyte membrane. A direction of that modification presumably depends on the initial structure of membranes, and it is determined by the quality and quantitative parameters of changes in membrane structure caused by concrete operable factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V Zhirnov
- Department of Cell Signal Systems, Institute of Bioorganic and Petroleum Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Kyiv , Ukraine
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11
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The Degree of Resistance of Erythrocyte Membrane Cytoskeletal Proteins to Supra-Physiologic Concentrations of Calcium: An In Vitro Study. J Membr Biol 2014; 247:695-701. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-014-9689-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Baines AJ, Lu HC, Bennett PM. The Protein 4.1 family: hub proteins in animals for organizing membrane proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1838:605-19. [PMID: 23747363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Proteins of the 4.1 family are characteristic of eumetazoan organisms. Invertebrates contain single 4.1 genes and the Drosophila model suggests that 4.1 is essential for animal life. Vertebrates have four paralogues, known as 4.1R, 4.1N, 4.1G and 4.1B, which are additionally duplicated in the ray-finned fish. Protein 4.1R was the first to be discovered: it is a major mammalian erythrocyte cytoskeletal protein, essential to the mechanochemical properties of red cell membranes because it promotes the interaction between spectrin and actin in the membrane cytoskeleton. 4.1R also binds certain phospholipids and is required for the stable cell surface accumulation of a number of erythrocyte transmembrane proteins that span multiple functional classes; these include cell adhesion molecules, transporters and a chemokine receptor. The vertebrate 4.1 proteins are expressed in most tissues, and they are required for the correct cell surface accumulation of a very wide variety of membrane proteins including G-Protein coupled receptors, voltage-gated and ligand-gated channels, as well as the classes identified in erythrocytes. Indeed, such large numbers of protein interactions have been mapped for mammalian 4.1 proteins, most especially 4.1R, that it appears that they can act as hubs for membrane protein organization. The range of critical interactions of 4.1 proteins is reflected in disease relationships that include hereditary anaemias, tumour suppression, control of heartbeat and nervous system function. The 4.1 proteins are defined by their domain structure: apart from the spectrin/actin-binding domain they have FERM and FERM-adjacent domains and a unique C-terminal domain. Both the FERM and C-terminal domains can bind transmembrane proteins, thus they have the potential to be cross-linkers for membrane proteins. The activity of the FERM domain is subject to multiple modes of regulation via binding of regulatory ligands, phosphorylation of the FERM associated domain and differential mRNA splicing. Finally, the spectrum of interactions of the 4.1 proteins overlaps with that of another membrane-cytoskeleton linker, ankyrin. Both ankyrin and 4.1 link to the actin cytoskeleton via spectrin, and we hypothesize that differential regulation of 4.1 proteins and ankyrins allows highly selective control of cell surface protein accumulation and, hence, function. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Reciprocal influences between cell cytoskeleton and membrane channels, receptors and transporters. Guest Editor: Jean Claude Hervé
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui-Chun Lu
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, UK
| | - Pauline M Bennett
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, UK.
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13
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Unique Structural Changes in Calcium-Bound Calmodulin Upon Interaction with Protein 4.1R FERM Domain: Novel Insights into the Calcium-dependent Regulation of 4.1R FERM Domain Binding to Membrane Proteins by Calmodulin. Cell Biochem Biophys 2013; 69:7-19. [PMID: 24081810 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Characterization of cytoskeletal protein 4.1R interaction with NHE1 (Na(+)/H(+) exchanger isoform 1). Biochem J 2012; 446:427-35. [PMID: 22731252 DOI: 10.1042/bj20120535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
NHE1 (Na(+)/H(+) exchanger isoform 1) has been reported to be hyperactive in 4.1R-null erythrocytes [Rivera, De Franceschi, Peters, Gascard, Mohandas and Brugnara (2006) Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 291, C880-C886], supporting a functional interaction between NHE1 and 4.1R. In the present paper we demonstrate that 4.1R binds directly to the NHE1cd (cytoplasmic domain of NHE1) through the interaction of an EED motif in the 4.1R FERM (4.1/ezrin/radixin/moesin) domain with two clusters of basic amino acids in the NHE1cd, K(519)R and R(556)FNKKYVKK, previously shown to mediate PIP(2) (phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate) binding [Aharonovitz, Zaun, Balla, York, Orlowski and Grinstein (2000) J. Cell. Biol. 150, 213-224]. The affinity of this interaction (K(d) = 100-200 nM) is reduced in hypertonic and acidic conditions, demonstrating that this interaction is of an electrostatic nature. The binding affinity is also reduced upon binding of Ca(2+)/CaM (Ca(2+)-saturated calmodulin) to the 4.1R FERM domain. We propose that 4.1R regulates NHE1 activity through a direct protein-protein interaction that can be modulated by intracellular pH and Na(+) and Ca(2+) concentrations.
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15
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Freikman I, Ringel I, Fibach E. Shedding of phosphatidylserine from developing erythroid cells involves microtubule depolymerization and affects membrane lipid composition. J Membr Biol 2012; 245:779-87. [PMID: 22825717 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-012-9478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS), which is normally localized in the cytoplasmic leaflet of the membrane, flip-flops to the external leaflet during aging of, or trauma to, cells. A fraction of this PS undergoes shedding into the extracellular milieu. PS externalization and shedding change during maturation of erythroid cells and affect the functioning, senescence and elimination of mature RBCs. Several lines of evidence suggest dependence of PS shedding on intracellular Ca concentration as well as on interaction between plasma membrane phospholipids and microtubules (MTs), the key components of the cytoskeleton. We investigated the effect of Ca flux and MT assembly on the distribution of PS across, and shedding from, the membranes of erythroid precursors. Cultured human and murine erythroid precursors were treated with the Ca ionophore A23187, the MT assembly enhancer paclitaxel (Taxol) or the inhibitor colchicine. PS externalization and shedding were measured by flow cytometry and the cholesterol/phospholipids in RBC membranes and supernatants, by ¹H-NMR. We found that treatment with Taxol or colchicine resulted in a marked increase in PS externalization, while shedding was increased by colchicine but inhibited by Taxol. These results indicate that PS externalization is mediated by Ca flux, and PS shedding by both Ca flux and MT assembly. The cholesterol/phospholipid ratio in the membrane is modified by PS shedding; we now show that it was increased by colchicine and A23187, while taxol had no effect. In summary, the results indicate that the Ca flux and MT depolymerization of erythroid precursors mediate their PS externalization and shedding, which in turn changes their membrane composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Freikman
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
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16
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Structural stabilization of protein 4.1R FERM domain upon binding to apo-calmodulin: novel insights into the biological significance of the calcium-independent binding of calmodulin to protein 4.1R. Biochem J 2012; 440:367-74. [PMID: 21848512 DOI: 10.1042/bj20110676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In erythrocytes, 4.1R80 (80 kDa isoform of protein 4.1R) binds to the cytoplasmic tail of the transmembrane proteins band 3 and GPC (glycophorin C), and to the membrane-associated protein p55 through the N- (N-terminal), α- (α-helix-rich) and C- (C-terminal) lobes of R30 [N-terminal 30 kDa FERM (4.1/ezrin/radixin/moesin) domain of protein 4.1R] respectively. We have shown previously that R30 binds to CaM (calmodulin) in a Ca2+-independent manner, the equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) for R30-CaM binding being very similar (in the submicromolar range) in the presence or absence of Ca2+. In the present study, we investigated the consequences of CaM binding on R30's structural stability using resonant mirror detection and FTIR (Fourier-transform IR) spectroscopy. After a 30 min incubation above 40° C, R30 could no longer bind to band 3 or to GPC. In contrast, R30 binding to p55, which could be detected at a temperature as low as 34° C, was maintained up to 44° C in the presence of apo-CaM. Dynamic light scattering measurements indicated that R30, either alone or complexed with apo-CaM, did not aggregate up to 40° C. FTIR spectroscopy revealed that the dramatic variations in the structure of the β-sheet structure of R30 observed at various temperatures were minimized in the presence of apo-CaM. On the basis of Kd values calculated at various temperatures, ΔCp and ΔG° for R30 binding to apo-CaM were determined as -10 kJ · K(-1) · mol-1 and ~ -38 kJ · mol(-1) at 37° C (310.15 K) respectively. These data support the notion that apo-CaM stabilizes R30 through interaction with its β-strand-rich C-lobe and provide a novel function for CaM, i.e. structural stabilization of 4.1R80.
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17
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Qazi AS, Sun M, Huang Y, Wei Y, Tang J. Subcellular proteomics: Determination of specific location and expression levels of lymphatic metastasis associated proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma by subcellular fractionation. Biomed Pharmacother 2011; 65:407-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2011.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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18
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Zuccala ES, Baum J. Cytoskeletal and membrane remodelling during malaria parasite invasion of the human erythrocyte. Br J Haematol 2011; 154:680-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08766.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Increased calcium deposits and decreased Ca2+-ATPase in erythrocytes of ascitic broiler chickens. Res Vet Sci 2011; 90:468-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2006] [Revised: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Kabaso D, Shlomovitz R, Auth T, Lew VL, Gov NS. Curling and local shape changes of red blood cell membranes driven by cytoskeletal reorganization. Biophys J 2010; 99:808-16. [PMID: 20682258 PMCID: PMC2913190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2009] [Revised: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human red blood cells (RBCs) lack the actin-myosin-microtubule cytoskeleton that is responsible for shape changes in other cells. Nevertheless, they can display highly dynamic local deformations in response to external perturbations, such as those that occur during the process of apical alignment preceding merozoite invasion in malaria. Moreover, after lysis in divalent cation-free media, the isolated membranes of ruptured ghosts show spontaneous inside-out curling motions at the free edges of the lytic hole, leading to inside-out vesiculation. The molecular mechanisms that drive these rapid shape changes are unknown. Here, we propose a molecular model in which the spectrin filaments of the RBC cortical cytoskeleton control the sign and dynamics of membrane curvature depending on whether the ends of the filaments are free or anchored to the bilayer. Computer simulations of the model reveal that curling, as experimentally observed, can be obtained either by an overall excess of weakly-bound filaments throughout the cell, or by the flux of such filaments toward the curling edges. Divalent cations have been shown to arrest the curling process, and Ca2+ ions have also been implicated in local membrane deformations during merozoite invasion. These effects can be replicated in our model by attributing the divalent cation effects to increased filament-membrane binding. This process converts the curl-inducing loose filaments into fully bound filaments that arrest curling. The same basic mechanism can be shown to account for Ca2+-induced local and dynamic membrane deformations in intact RBCs. The implications of these results in terms of RBC membrane dynamics under physiological, pathological, and experimental conditions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doron Kabaso
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Roie Shlomovitz
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Thorsten Auth
- Institute for Solid State Research, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Virgilio L. Lew
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nir S. Gov
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Gonzalez LJ, Gibbons E, Bailey RW, Fairbourn J, Nguyen T, Smith SK, Best KB, Nelson J, Judd AM, Bell JD. The influence of membrane physical properties on microvesicle release in human erythrocytes. PMC BIOPHYSICS 2009; 2:7. [PMID: 19703298 PMCID: PMC2739839 DOI: 10.1186/1757-5036-2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of human erythrocytes to elevated intracellular calcium causes fragments of the cell membrane to be shed as microvesicles. This study tested the hypothesis that microvesicle release depends on microscopic membrane physical properties such as lipid order, fluidity, and composition. Membrane properties were manipulated by varying the experimental temperature, membrane cholesterol content, and the activity of the trans-membrane phospholipid transporter, scramblase. Microvesicle release was enhanced by increasing the experimental temperature. Reduction in membrane cholesterol content by treatment with methyl-β-cyclodextrin also facilitated vesicle shedding. Inhibition of scramblase with R5421 impaired vesicle release. These data were interpreted in the context of membrane characteristics assessed previously by fluorescence spectroscopy with environment-sensitive probes such as laurdan, diphenylhexatriene, and merocyanine 540. The observations supported the following conclusions: 1) calcium-induced microvesicle shedding in erythrocytes relates more to membrane properties detected by diphenylhexatriene than by the other probes; 2) loss of trans-membrane phospholipid asymmetry is required for microvesicle release. PACS Codes: 87.16.dj, 87.16.dt
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie J Gonzalez
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University Provo, Utah 84602, USA.
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22
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Pasini EM, Lutz HU, Mann M, Thomas AW. Red blood cell (RBC) membrane proteomics--Part I: Proteomics and RBC physiology. J Proteomics 2009; 73:403-20. [PMID: 19540949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2009.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Revised: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteomics is concerned with accurately and sensitively identifying molecules involved in cell compartmentalisation, including those controlling the interface between the cell and the outside world. The high lipid content of the environment in which these proteins are found often causes a particular set of problems that must be overcome when isolating the required material before effective HPLC-MS approaches can be performed. The membrane is an unusually dynamic cellular structure since it interacts with an ever changing environment. A full understanding of this critical cell component will ultimately require, in addition to proteomics, lipidomics, glycomics, interactomics and study of post-translational modifications. Devoid of nucleus and organelles in mammalian species other than camelids, and constantly in motion in the blood stream, red blood cells (RBCs) are the sole mammalian oxygen transporter. The fact that mature mammalian RBCs have no internal membrane-bound organelles, somewhat simplifies proteomics analysis of the plasma membrane and the fact that it has no nucleus disqualifies microarray based methods. Proteomics has the potential to provide a better understanding of this critical interface, and thereby assist in identifying new approaches to diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M Pasini
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 139, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands
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23
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Role of C-Peptide in the regulation of microvascular blood flow. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2008; 2008:176245. [PMID: 18670621 PMCID: PMC2491698 DOI: 10.1155/2008/176245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2007] [Accepted: 06/23/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During the recent years, the role of C-peptide, released from the pancreatic beta cell, in regulating microvascular blood flow, has received increasing attention. In type 1 diabetic patients, intravenous application of C-peptide in physiological concentrations was shown to increase microvascular blood flow, and to improve microvascular endothelial function and the endothelial release of NO. C-peptide was shown to impact microvascular blood flow by several interactive pathways, like stimulating Na+K+ATPase or the endothelial release of NO. There is increasing evidence, that in patients with declining beta cell function, the lack of C-peptide secretion might play a putative role in the development of microvascular blood flow abnormalities, which go beyond the effects of declining insulin secretion or increased blood glucose levels.
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24
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Starodubtseva MN, Kuznetsova TG, Chizhik SA, Yegorenkov NI. Atomic force microscopy observation of peroxynitrite-induced erythrocyte cytoskeleton reorganization. Micron 2007; 38:782-6. [PMID: 17693091 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2007.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study surface layers of fixed intact erythrocytes. Advantages of simultaneous analysis of surface topography and lateral force maps in the investigation of cytoskeleton structure were shown. Fractal analysis was applied to the lateral force maps of erythrocyte surfaces to evaluate the complexity of the cytoskeleton. Peroxynitrite was used as an oxidant to induce changes in the cytoskeleton structure of intact erythrocytes. Peroxynitrite action on whole blood leads to local abnormalities in the erythrocyte cytoskeleton structure, as well as cytoskeleton reorganization in protruded regions of crenated erythrocytes.
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25
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Bentzen PJ, Lang F. Effect of anandamide on erythrocyte survival. Cell Physiol Biochem 2007; 20:1033-42. [PMID: 17975305 DOI: 10.1159/000110714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid anandamide (Arachidonylethanolamide, AEA) is known to induce apoptosis in a wide variety of nucleated cells. The present study explored whether anandamide induces suicidal death of erythrocytes or eryptosis, which is characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine exposure at the erythrocyte surface. Eryptotic cells are phagocytosed and thus cleared from circulating blood. Triggers of eryptosis include increase of cytosolic Ca2+ activity, formation of PGE(2), oxidative stress and excessive cell shrinkage. Erythrocyte Ca2+ activity was estimated from Fluo3 fluorescence, phosphatidylserine exposure from annexin V binding, and erythrocyte volume from forward scatter in FACS analysis. Exposure of erythrocytes to anandamide (= 2.5 microM) increased cytosolic Ca2+ activity, enhanced the percentage of annexin V binding erythrocytes and decreased erythrocyte forward scatter, effects significantly blunted in the presence of cycloxygenase inhibitors acetylsalicylic acid (50 microM) or ibuprofen (100 microM) and in the nominal absence of extracellular Ca2+. Anandamide further enhanced the stimulating effects of hypertonic (addition of 550 mM sucrose) or isotonic (isosmotic replacement of Cl- with gluconate) cell shrinkage on annexin V binding. The present observations demonstrate that anandamide increases cytosolic Ca2+ activity, thus leading to cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling of mature erythrocytes.
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26
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Takakuwa Y, Pack CG, An XL, Manno S, Ito E, Kinjo M. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy analysis of the hydrophobic interactions of protein 4.1 with phosphatidyl serine liposomes. Biophys Chem 2007; 82:149-55. [PMID: 17030343 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4622(99)00114-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/1999] [Accepted: 09/15/1999] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) was applied to examine the interactions between a protein and a membrane lipid. The protein 4.1-phosphatidyl serine (PS) interactions served as the model system to demonstrate the membrane lipid-protein interactions. This protein was labeled with rhodamine and its interactions with PS-liposomes were measured by FCS. The present results clearly demonstrated that a small protein molecule, protein 4.1, interacts specifically with a large particle, a PS-liposome. This interaction appears to be hydrophobic and not electrostatic, since the bound protein 4.1 did not dissociate in solution and was specifically released from PS-liposomes by treatment with phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)). In the present study, using FCS we could demonstrate that the serine residue of PS is required for protein 4.1 to bind to PS-liposomes and that the bound protein 4.1 is closely associated with the fatty acid of the PS molecule in the liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Takakuwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, School of Medicine, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjyuku, 162-8666 Tokyo, Japan.
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27
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Bentzen PJ, Lang E, Lang F. Curcumin induced suicidal erythrocyte death. Cell Physiol Biochem 2007; 19:153-64. [PMID: 17310109 DOI: 10.1159/000099203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural nutrient component Curcumin with anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity has previously been shown to stimulate apoptosis of several nucleated cell types. The present study has been performed to explore whether Curcumin could similarly induce suicidal death of erythrocytes or eryptosis, which is characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine exposure at the erythrocyte surface. Phosphatidylserine exposing cells are phagocytosed and thus rapidly cleared from circulating blood. Erythrocyte membrane scrambling may be triggered by increase of cytosolic Ca(2+) activity or formation of ceramide. To test for eryptosis, erythrocyte phosphatidylserine exposure has been estimated from annexin V binding, and erythrocyte volume from forward scatter in FACS analysis. Exposure of erythrocytes to Curcumin (= 1 microM) increased annexin V binding and decreased forward scatter, pointing to phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface and cell shrinkage. According to Fluo3 fluorescence Curcumin increased cytosolic Ca(2+) activity and according to immunofluorescence Curcumin increased ceramide formation. As shown previously, hypertonic shock (addition of 550mM sucrose), chloride removal and glucose depletion decreased the forward scatter and increased annexin V binding. The effects on annexin binding were enhanced in the presence of Curcumin. Exposure to Curcumin did, however, not significantly enhance the shrinking effect of hypertonic shock or Cl(-) removal and reversed the shrinking effect of glucose withdrawal. The present observations disclose a proeryptotic effect of Curcumin which may affect the life span of circulating erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Bentzen
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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28
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Niemoeller OM, Bentzen PJ, Lang E, Lang F. Adenosine protects against suicidal erythrocyte death. Pflugers Arch 2007; 454:427-39. [PMID: 17285297 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-007-0218-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2006] [Revised: 11/21/2006] [Accepted: 01/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Suicidal death of erythrocytes or eryptosis is characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling leading to phosphatidylserine exposure at the erythrocyte surface. The cell membrane scrambling is triggered by an increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) activity and activation of protein kinase C (PKC). Phosphatidylserine exposure fosters adherence of affected erythrocytes to the vascular wall. Thus, microcirculation in ischemic tissues may be impaired by the appearance of eryptotic erythrocytes. Ischemia leads to release of adenosine, which in most tissues leads to vasodilation and protects against cell injury. The present experiments explored whether adenosine influences mechanisms underlying eryptosis. Erythrocyte phosphatidylserine exposure was estimated from annexin V binding, cell volume from forward scatter and cytosolic Ca(2+) activity from Fluo3 fluorescence. Glucose depletion (for 24 or 48 h) significantly increased annexin binding and decreased forward scatter, effects partially reversed by adenosine. The protective effect of adenosine reached statistical significance (s.d.) at > =30 microM. Low Cl(-) solution (Cl(-) exchanged by gluconate for 24 h) similarly increased annexin binding and decreased forward scatter, effects again reversed by adenosine (s.d. at > or =10 and 30 microM, respectively). Similarly, phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid (OA, 1 microM) and PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA, 3 microM) significantly enhanced annexin binding and decreased forward scatter. Adenosine significantly blunted the effects of OA and PMA on annexin V binding (s.d. at > or =30 and 10 microM, respectively) and the effect of OA on forward scatter (s.d. at > or =10 microM). In conclusion, adenosine inhibits eryptosis by a mechanism presumably effective downstream of PKC. The effect may participate in the maintenance of microcirculation in ischemic tissue.
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29
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Matthews BD, Thodeti CK, Ingber DE. Activation of Mechanosensitive Ion Channels by Forces Transmitted Through Integrins and the Cytoskeleton. MECHANOSENSITIVE ION CHANNELS, PART A 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1063-5823(06)58003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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30
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Lang PA, Beringer O, Nicolay JP, Amon O, Kempe DS, Hermle T, Attanasio P, Akel A, Schäfer R, Friedrich B, Risler T, Baur M, Olbricht CJ, Zimmerhackl LB, Zipfel PF, Wieder T, Lang F. Suicidal death of erythrocytes in recurrent hemolytic uremic syndrome. J Mol Med (Berl) 2006; 84:378-88. [PMID: 16622713 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-006-0058-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2005] [Accepted: 02/27/2006] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is characterized by hemolytic anemia with fragmented erythrocytes, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure. Lack of complement inactivating factor H predisposes to the development of atypical HUS. Little is known about mechanisms linking complement activation with loss of erythrocyte integrity during HUS. Recent studies disclosed that increased cytosolic Ca2+ activity and cellular ceramide trigger programmed erythrocyte death or eryptosis, characterized by cell shrinkage and phosphatidylserine exposure at the erythrocyte surface. In the present study, we investigated whether eryptosis occurs during the course of HUS. To this end, erythrocytes from healthy volunteers were exposed to plasma from a patient with severe idiopathic recurrent HUS secondary to factor H depletion. Phosphatidylserine exposure (Annexin binding), cell volume (forward scatter), cytosolic Ca2+ activity (Fluo3 fluorescence), and ceramide formation [anti-ceramide antibody and enzymatic (diacylgycerol kinase) analysis] were determined. Exposure of erythrocytes to plasma from the patient, but not to plasma from healthy individuals, triggered Annexin binding. The effect of plasma on erythrocyte Annexin binding was abolished by plasmapheresis or filtration at 30 kDa. It was paralleled by formation of ceramide and increase of cytosolic Ca2+ activity. Enhanced Annexin binding of erythrocytes from healthy individuals was observed after exposure to plasma from three other patients with HUS. The proeryptotic effect of patient plasma was mimicked by exposure to the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin, and eryptosis was potentiated in the presence of cell membrane-permeable C6-ceramide. Furthermore, in vitro complement activation similarly triggered erythrocyte phosphatidylserine exposure, an effect which was blunted by the addition of factor H. In conclusion, our present observations disclose a novel, pathophysiological, factor-H dependent mechanism leading to injury of erythrocytes during the course of hemolytic uremic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp A Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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31
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Klarl BA, Lang PA, Kempe DS, Niemoeller OM, Akel A, Sobiesiak M, Eisele K, Podolski M, Huber SM, Wieder T, Lang F. Protein kinase C mediates erythrocyte "programmed cell death" following glucose depletion. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2006; 290:C244-53. [PMID: 16338977 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00283.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glucose depletion of erythrocytes leads to activation of Ca2+-permeable cation channels, Ca2+ entry, activation of a Ca2+-sensitive erythrocyte scramblase, and subsequent exposure of phosphatidylserine at the erythrocyte surface. Ca2+ entry into erythrocytes was previously shown to be stimulated by phorbol esters and to be inhibited by staurosporine and chelerythrine and is thus thought to be regulated by protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, presumably via protein kinase C (PKC) and the corresponding phosphoserine/threonine phosphatases. The present experiments explored whether PKC could contribute to effects of energy depletion on erythrocyte phosphatidylserine exposure and cell volume. Phosphatidylserine exposure was estimated from annexin binding and cell volume from forward scatter in fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. Removal of extracellular glucose led to depletion of cellular ATP, stimulated PKC activity, led to translocation of PKCalpha, enhanced serine phosphorylation of membrane proteins, decreased cell volume, and increased annexin binding, the latter effect being blunted but not abolished in the presence of 1 microM staurosporine or 50 nM calphostin C. The PKC stimulator phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (3 microM) and the phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid (1-10 microM) mimicked the effect of glucose depletion and similarly led to translocation of PKCalpha and enhanced serine phosphorylation, increased annexin binding, and decreased forward scatter, the latter effects being abrogated by PKC inhibitor staurosporine (1 microM). Fluo-3 fluorescence measurements revealed that okadaic acid also enhanced erythrocyte Ca2+ activity. The present observations suggest that protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation via PKC and the corresponding protein phosphatases contribute to phosphatidylserine exposure and cell shrinkage after energy depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Klarl
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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32
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Zancan P, Sola-Penna M. Calcium influx: a possible role for insulin modulation of intracellular distribution and activity of 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase in human erythrocytes. Mol Genet Metab 2005; 86:392-400. [PMID: 16122962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2005.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2005] [Revised: 07/12/2005] [Accepted: 07/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human erythrocyte cells contain specific, active insulin receptor. However, the physiological relevance of this receptor is unclear. Here we show that Ca2+ influx is 4-fold higher in erythrocytes upon insulin stimulation. These effects are dose-dependent and are diminished by insulin concentrations of 150 nM and higher. The insulin-stimulated Ca2+ influx depends on a tyrosine-kinase activity and involves the verapamil-dependent Ca2+ channels. Elevated intracellular Ca2+, in association with the Ca2+-binding protein, calmodulin, stimulates erythrocytes 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase activity. This activation involves the detachment of the enzyme from erythrocyte membranes, which has been described as an important mechanism of glycolysis regulation on these cells. Altogether, these results support evidence that insulin may increases glucose consumption in human erythrocytes, through a mechanism involving Ca2+ influx, calmodulin and the detachment of 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase from the erythrocyte membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Zancan
- Laboratório de Enzimologia e Controle do Metabolismo (LabECoM), Departamento de Fármacos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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33
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Barvitenko NN, Adragna NC, Weber RE. Erythrocyte signal transduction pathways, their oxygenation dependence and functional significance. Cell Physiol Biochem 2005; 15:1-18. [PMID: 15665511 DOI: 10.1159/000083634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythrocytes play a key role in human and vertebrate metabolism. Tissue O2 supply is regulated by both hemoglobin (Hb)-O2 affinity and erythrocyte rheology, a key determinant of tissue perfusion. Oxygenation-deoxygenation transitions of Hb may lead to re-organization of the cytoskeleton and signalling pathways activation/deactivation in an O2-dependent manner. Deoxygenated Hb binds to the cytoplasmic domain of the anion exchanger band 3, which is anchored to the cytoskeleton, and is considered a major mechanism underlying the oxygenation-dependence of several erythrocyte functions. This work discusses the multiple modes of Hb-cytoskeleton interactions. In addition, it reviews the effects of Mg2+, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, NO, shear stress and Ca2+, all factors accompanying the oxygenation-deoxygenation cycle in circulating red cells. Due to the extensive literature on the subject, the data discussed here, pertain mainly to human erythrocytes whose O2 affinity is modulated by 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, ectothermic vertebrate erythrocytes that use ATP, and to bird erythrocytes that use inositol pentaphosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda N Barvitenko
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg
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Liu F, Mizukami H, Sarnaik S, Ostafin A. Calcium-dependent human erythrocyte cytoskeleton stability analysis through atomic force microscopy. J Struct Biol 2005; 150:200-10. [PMID: 15866743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2005.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2004] [Revised: 01/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Erythrocytes affected by age and diseases such as sickle cell anemia, hypertension, diabetes, etc., exhibit abnormally high intracellular Ca2+ ion levels, and appear to have altered cytoskeleton properties. It has been proposed that extra binding of Ca2+ to membrane-associated calmodulin attenuates the spectrin-ankyrin-Band 3 tether of the cytoskeleton to the cytoplasmic membrane and might change the cytoskeleton structure. Due to the close apposition of the network, direct observation of such a structural change in vivo is restricted. In this study, atomic force microscopy and quantitative image analysis were applied to investigate the structural change of young healthy erythrocyte cytoskeletons upon extra Ca2+ binding to the cytoplasmic membrane in vitro. The results show that extra Ca2+ binding increased the cytoskeleton rigidity and prevented spectrin aggregation during sample preparation. The cytoskeleton morphology observed in Ca2+ -incubated healthy young cell were similar to the glutaraldehyde-fixed healthy young cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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35
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Hudec R, Lakatos B, Orlický J, Varecka L. Reconstitution of the basal calcium transport in resealed human red blood cell ghosts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 325:1172-9. [PMID: 15555550 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.10.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The (45)Ca(2+) influx into right-side-out resealed ghosts (RG) prepared from human red blood cells (RBC) was measured. The (45)Ca(2+) equilibration occurred with t(1/2)=2.5 min and the steady-state was reached after 17 min with the level of 22+/-2 micromol/L(packed cells) at 37 degrees C. The rate of the influx was 97+/-17 micromol/L(packed cells)h. The (45)Ca(2+) influx was saturated with [Ca(2+)](0) at 4 mmol/L and was optimal at pH 6.5 and 30 degrees C. Divalent cations (10(-4)-10(-6)mol/L), nifedipine (10(-5)-10(-4)mol/L), DIDS (up to 10(-4)mol/L), and quinidine (10(-4)-10(-3)mol/L), inhibited the (45)Ca(2+) influx while uncoupler (10(-6)-10(-5)mol/L) stimulated it. In contrast to intact RBC, vanadate inhibited the (45)Ca(2+) influx when added to the external medium, however, the stimulation was observed when vanadate was present in media during both lysis and resealing. PMA had no effect under conditions found to stimulate the Ca(2+) influx in intact RBC. The results show that the Ca(2+) influx into RG is a carrier-mediated process but without control by protein kinase C and that the influx and efflux of Ca(2+) are coupled via the H(+) homeostasis similarly as in intact RBC but with modified mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Hudec
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37-Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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36
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Herr C, Clemen CS, Lehnert G, Kutschkow R, Picker SM, Gathof BS, Zamparelli C, Schleicher M, Noegel AA. Function, expression and localization of annexin A7 in platelets and red blood cells: insights derived from an annexin A7 mutant mouse. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2003; 4:8. [PMID: 12925238 PMCID: PMC194730 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-4-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2003] [Accepted: 08/19/2003] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Annexin A7 is a Ca2+- and phospholipid-binding protein expressed as a 47 and 51 kDa isoform, which is thought to be involved in membrane fusion processes. Recently the 47 kDa isoform has been identified in erythrocytes where it was proposed to be a key component in the process of the Ca2+-dependent vesicle release, a process with which red blood cells might protect themselves against an attack by for example complement components. RESULTS The role of annexin A7 in red blood cells was addressed in erythrocytes from anxA7-/- mice. Interestingly, the Ca2+-mediated vesiculation process was not impaired. Also, the membrane organization appeared not to be disturbed as assessed using gradient fractionation studies. Instead, lack of annexin A7 led to an altered cell shape and increased osmotic resistance of red blood cells. Annexin A7 was also identified in platelets. In these cells its loss led to a slightly slower aggregation velocity which seems to be compensated by an increased number of platelets. The results appear to rule out an important role of annexin A7 in membrane fusion processes occurring in red blood cells. Instead the protein might be involved in the organization of the membrane cytoskeleton. Red blood cells may represent an appropriate model to study the role of annexin A7 in cellular processes. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated the presence of both annexin A7 isoforms in red blood cells and the presence of the small isoform in platelets. In both cell types the loss of annexin A7 impairs cellular functions. The defects observed are however not compatible with a crucial role for annexin A7 in membrane fusion processes in these cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Herr
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph S Clemen
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gisela Lehnert
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Kutschkow
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne M Picker
- Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - Birgit S Gathof
- Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - Carlotta Zamparelli
- Centro Biologia Molecolare CNR, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Universita La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Michael Schleicher
- Institut für Zellbiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | - Angelika A Noegel
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Germany
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37
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Andrews DA, Yang L, Low PS. Phorbol ester stimulates a protein kinase C-mediated agatoxin-TK-sensitive calcium permeability pathway in human red blood cells. Blood 2002; 100:3392-9. [PMID: 12384442 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v100.9.3392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium entry into mature erythrocytes (red blood cells; RBCs) is associated with multiple changes in cell properties. At low intracellular Ca(2+), efflux of potassium and water predominates, leading to changes in erythrocyte rheology. At higher Ca(2+) content, activation of kinases and phosphatases, rupture of membrane-to-skeleton bridges, stimulation of a phospholipid scramblase and phospholipase C, and induction of transglutaminase-mediated protein cross-linking are also observed. Because the physiologic relevance of these latter responses depends partially on whether Ca(2+) entry involves a regulated channel or nonspecific leak, we explored mechanisms that initiate controlled Ca(2+) influx. Protein kinase C (PKC) was considered a prime candidate for the pathway regulator, and phorbol-12 myristate-13 acetate (PMA), a stimulator of PKC, was examined for its influence on erythrocyte Ca(2+). PMA was found to stimulate a rapid, dose-dependent influx of calcium, as demonstrated by the increased fluorescence of an entrapped Ca(2+)-sensitive dye, Fluo-3/AM. The PMA-induced entry was inhibited by staurosporine and the PKC-selective inhibitor chelerythrine chloride, but was activated by the phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid and calyculin A. The PMA-promoted calcium influx was also inhibited by omega-agatoxin-TK, a calcium channel blocker specific for Ca(v)2.1 channels. To confirm that a Ca(v)2.1-like calcium channel exists in the mature erythrocyte membrane, RBC membrane preparations were immunoblotted with antiserum against the alpha(1A) subunit of the channel. A polypeptide of the expected molecular weight (190 kDa) was visualized. These studies indicate that an omega-agatoxin-TK-sensitive, Ca(v)2.1-like calcium permeability pathway is present in the RBC membrane and that it may function under the control of kinases and phosphatases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina A Andrews
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Purdue University, 1243 Veterinary Pathology Building, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1243, USA.
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38
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Soejima A, Kaneda F, Manno S, Matsuzawa N, Kouji H, Nagasawa T, Era S, Takakuwa Y. Useful markers for detecting decreased serum antioxidant activity in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2002; 39:1040-6. [PMID: 11979348 DOI: 10.1053/ajkd.2002.32787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates a novel application of a method for measuring serum antioxidant activity, based on the detection of erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation in cases of uremia. A human erythrocyte ghost membrane in Tris-HCl was mixed with adenosine 5'-diphosphate and iron chloride (FeCl3; ADP/Fe3+) solution (at a molar ratio of 17:1), and the mixture was incubated under aerobic conditions at 37 degrees C for 2 hours. The concentration of erythrocyte membrane thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances increased proportionally with respect to ADP/Fe3+ concentration, and this increase was inhibited by serum albumin in a dose-dependent manner. In patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis therapy, predialytic sera contained in this reaction mixture were weaker than postdialytic sera in terms of inhibitory effect against erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation, whereas serum albumin contents remained at levels equivalent to those of the normal control. A gradual increase in human mercaptalbumin nonmercaptalbumin ratio during hemodialysis treatment might be one of the major factors that leads to the recovery of decreased serum antioxidant activity. We clearly showed that the serum scavenging activity against erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation in hemodialysis patients decreases markedly, and this pathological condition is improved by hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Soejima
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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39
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Manno S, Takakuwa Y, Mohandas N. Identification of a functional role for lipid asymmetry in biological membranes: Phosphatidylserine-skeletal protein interactions modulate membrane stability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:1943-8. [PMID: 11830646 PMCID: PMC122299 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.042688399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2001] [Accepted: 12/20/2001] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric distribution of phospholipids is ubiquitous in the plasma membranes of many eukaryotic cells. The majority of the aminophospholipids are located in the inner leaflet whereas the cholinephospholipids are localized predominantly in the outer leaflet. Several functional roles for asymmetric phospholipid distribution in plasma membranes have been suggested. Disruption of lipid asymmetry creates a procoagulant surface on platelets and serves as a trigger for macrophage recognition of apoptotic cells. Furthermore, the dynamic process of phospholipid translocation regulates important cellular events such as membrane budding and endocytosis. In the present study, we used the red cell membrane as the model system to explore the contribution of phospholipid asymmetry to the maintenance of membrane mechanical properties. We prepared two different types of membranes in terms of their phospholipid distribution, one in which phospholipids were scrambled and the other in which the asymmetric distribution of phospholipids was maintained and quantitated their mechanical properties. We documented that maintenance of asymmetric distribution of phospholipids resulted in improved membrane mechanical stability. The greater difficulty in extracting the spectrin-actin complex at low-ionic strength from the membranes with asymmetric phospholipid distribution further suggested the involvement of interactions between aminophospholipids in the inner leaflet and skeletal proteins in modulating mechanical stability of the red cell membrane. These findings have enabled us to document a functional role of lipid asymmetry in regulating membrane material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumie Manno
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, School of Medicine, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162, Japan
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40
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Aihara K, Azuma H, Ikeda Y, Akaike M, Abe M, Sugihara T, Matsumoto T. Successful combination therapy--flunarizine, pentoxifylline, and cholestyramine--for spur cell anemia. Int J Hematol 2001; 73:351-5. [PMID: 11345202 DOI: 10.1007/bf02981961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Spur cell anemia, a hemolytic anemia observed in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, is characterized by unusual erythrocyte morphology and an increased ratio of free cholesterol to phospholipid in the erythrocyte membrane. The prognosis of spur cell anemia is usually extremely poor, however, we describe here a patient with spur cell anemia who was successfully treated with combination therapy consisting of flunarizine, pentoxifylline, and cholestyramine. Initial therapy with flunarizine alone for 6 weeks did not significantly decrease the number of spur cells on peripheral blood smears. So pentoxifylline was added to the regimen. The patient recovered from the anemia, showed remarkable improvement with regard to the hyperbilirubinemia, and the changes were accompanied by a significant decrease in the number of spur cells in peripheral blood smears. To correct the hypercholesterolemia, cholestyramine was added to the regimen, which resulted in a reduction in the serum level of free cholesterol and an increase in the molar ratio of free cholesterol to phospholipid in erythrocyte membrane. However, 6 months later a skin eruption developed that was considered an adverse reaction to the drugs, so the flunarizine and pentoxifylline were discontinued. With cholestyramine therapy alone, the remission of spur cell anemia was maintained for more than 11 months. These observations suggest that non-invasive combination therapy with flunarizine, pentoxifylline, and cholestyramine is effective and valuable in the treatment of patients with spur cell anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Aihara
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tokushima School of Medicine, Japan
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41
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Nunomura W, Takakuwa Y, Parra M, Conboy J, Mohandas N. Regulation of protein 4.1R, p55, and glycophorin C ternary complex in human erythrocyte membrane. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:24540-6. [PMID: 10831591 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m002492200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Three binary protein-protein interactions, glycophorin C (GPC)-4.1R, GPC-p55, and p55-4.1R, constitute the GPC-4.1R-p55 ternary complex in the erythrocyte membrane. Little is known regarding the molecular basis for the interaction of 4.1R with either GPC or p55 and regarding the role of 4.1R in regulating the various protein-protein interactions that constitute the GPC-4.1R-p55 ternary complex. In the present study, we present evidence that sequences in the 30-kDa domain encoded by exon 8 and exon 10 of 4.1R constitute the binding interfaces for GPC and p55, respectively. We further show that 4.1R increases the affinity of p55 binding to GPC by an order of magnitude, implying that 4.1R modulates the interaction between p55 and GPC. Finally, we document that binding of calmodulin to 4.1R decreases the affinity of 4.1R interactions with both p55 and GPC in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner, implying that the GPC-4.1R-p55 ternary protein complex can undergo dynamic regulation in the erythrocyte membrane. Taken together, these findings have enabled us to identify an important role for 4.1R in regulating the GPC-4.1R-p55 ternary complex in the erythrocyte membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Nunomura
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
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42
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Nunomura W, Takakuwa Y, Parra M, Conboy JG, Mohandas N. Ca(2+)-dependent and Ca(2+)-independent calmodulin binding sites in erythrocyte protein 4.1. Implications for regulation of protein 4.1 interactions with transmembrane proteins. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:6360-7. [PMID: 10692436 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.9.6360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro protein binding assays identified two distinct calmodulin (CaM) binding sites within the NH(2)-terminal 30-kDa domain of erythrocyte protein 4.1 (4.1R): a Ca(2+)-independent binding site (A(264)KKLWKVCVEHHTFFRL) and a Ca(2+)-dependent binding site (A(181)KKLSMYGVDLHKAKDL). Synthetic peptides corresponding to these sequences bound CaM in vitro; conversely, deletion of these peptides from a 30-kDa construct reduced binding to CaM. Thus, 4.1R is a unique CaM-binding protein in that it has distinct Ca(2+)-dependent and Ca(2+)-independent high affinity CaM binding sites. CaM bound to 4.1R at a stoichiometry of 1:1 both in the presence and absence of Ca(2+), implying that one CaM molecule binds to two distinct sites in the same molecule of 4.1R. Interactions of 4.1R with membrane proteins such as band 3 is regulated by Ca(2+) and CaM. While the intrinsic affinity of the 30-kDa domain for the cytoplasmic tail of erythrocyte membrane band 3 was not altered by elimination of one or both CaM binding sites, the ability of Ca(2+)/CaM to down-regulate 4. 1R-band 3 interaction was abrogated by such deletions. Thus, regulation of protein 4.1 binding to membrane proteins by Ca(2+) and CaM requires binding of CaM to both Ca(2+)-independent and Ca(2+)-dependent sites in protein 4.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Nunomura
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
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43
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A Markedly Disrupted Skeletal Network With Abnormally Distributed Intramembrane Particles in Complete Protein 4.1-Deficient Red Blood Cells (Allele 4.1 Madrid): Implications Regarding a Critical Role of Protein 4.1 in Maintenance of the Integrity of the Red Blood Cell Membrane. Blood 1997. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v90.6.2471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractElectron microscopic (EM) studies were performed to clarify the interactions of membrane proteins in the red blood cell membrane structure in situ of a homozygous patient with total deficiency of protein 4.1 who carried a point mutation of the downstream translation initiation codon (AUG → AGG) of the protein 4.1 gene [the 4.1 (−) Madrid; Dalla Venezia et al, J Clin Invest 90:1713, 1992]. Immunologically, as expected, protein 4.1 was completely missing in the red blood cell membrane structure in situ. A markedly disrupted skeletal network was observed by EM using the quick-freeze deep-etching method and the surface replica method, although the number of spectrin molecules was only minimally reduced (395 ± 63/μm2; normal, 504 ± 36/μm2). The number of basic units in the skeletal network was strikingly reduced (131 ± 21/μm2; normal, 548 ± 39/μm2), with decreased small-sized units (17 ± 4/μm2; normal, 384 ± 52/μm2) and increased large-sized units (64% ± 14%; normal, 5% ± 1%). Concomitantly, immuno-EM disclosed striking clustering of spectrin molecules with aggregated ankyrin molecules in the red blood cell membrane structure in situ. Although no quantitative abnormalities in the number and size distribution of the intramembrane particles were observed, there was a disappearance of regular distribution, with many clusters of various sizes, probably reflecting the distorted skeletal network. Therefore, protein 4.1 suggests by EM to play a crucial role in maintenance of the normal integrity of the membrane structure in situ not only of the skeletal network but also of the integral proteins.
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44
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A Markedly Disrupted Skeletal Network With Abnormally Distributed Intramembrane Particles in Complete Protein 4.1-Deficient Red Blood Cells (Allele 4.1 Madrid): Implications Regarding a Critical Role of Protein 4.1 in Maintenance of the Integrity of the Red Blood Cell Membrane. Blood 1997. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v90.6.2471.2471_2471_2481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron microscopic (EM) studies were performed to clarify the interactions of membrane proteins in the red blood cell membrane structure in situ of a homozygous patient with total deficiency of protein 4.1 who carried a point mutation of the downstream translation initiation codon (AUG → AGG) of the protein 4.1 gene [the 4.1 (−) Madrid; Dalla Venezia et al, J Clin Invest 90:1713, 1992]. Immunologically, as expected, protein 4.1 was completely missing in the red blood cell membrane structure in situ. A markedly disrupted skeletal network was observed by EM using the quick-freeze deep-etching method and the surface replica method, although the number of spectrin molecules was only minimally reduced (395 ± 63/μm2; normal, 504 ± 36/μm2). The number of basic units in the skeletal network was strikingly reduced (131 ± 21/μm2; normal, 548 ± 39/μm2), with decreased small-sized units (17 ± 4/μm2; normal, 384 ± 52/μm2) and increased large-sized units (64% ± 14%; normal, 5% ± 1%). Concomitantly, immuno-EM disclosed striking clustering of spectrin molecules with aggregated ankyrin molecules in the red blood cell membrane structure in situ. Although no quantitative abnormalities in the number and size distribution of the intramembrane particles were observed, there was a disappearance of regular distribution, with many clusters of various sizes, probably reflecting the distorted skeletal network. Therefore, protein 4.1 suggests by EM to play a crucial role in maintenance of the normal integrity of the membrane structure in situ not only of the skeletal network but also of the integral proteins.
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45
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Corsi D, Galluzzi L, Lecomte MC, Magnani M. Identification of alpha-spectrin domains susceptible to ubiquitination. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:2977-83. [PMID: 9006945 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.5.2977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that alpha-spectrin is a substrate for the ubiquitin system and that this conjugation is a dynamic process (Corsi, D., Galluzzi, L., Crinelli, R., and Magnani, M. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 8928-8935). In this study, we mapped the sites of ubiquitination on erythrocyte alpha-spectrin. A peptide map of digested alpha-spectrin, previously submitted to in vitro 125I-ubiquitin conjugation, revealed the presence of four distinct labeled bands with Mr 40,000, 36,000, 29,000, and 25,500. Western blotting experiments using antibodies against each alpha-spectrin domain revealed that only IgG anti-alphaIII domain recognized the 125I-labeled ubiquitin peptide of 29 kDa, whereas the IgG anti-alphaV domain recognized the Mr 40,000 125I-ubiquitin-labeled peptide. The other two labeled bands of Mr 36,000 and Mr 25,500 were identified as tetra and tri multiubiquitin chains. Ubiquitination of the alphaIII and alphaV domains was further confirmed by anti-alpha-spectrin domain immunoaffinity chromatography. Endoprotease Lys C-digested spectrin conjugated previously to 125I-ubiquitin was incubated with antibodies against each trypsin-resistant domain of alpha-spectrin. Gamma counting of the radiolabeled antigen-antibody complexes purified by protein A chromatography showed labeling in the IgG anti-alphaIII and anti-alphaV complexes alone. Domain alphaIII is not associated with any known function, whereas domain alphaV contains the nucleation site for the association of the alpha and beta chains. Ubiquitination of the latter domain suggests a role for ubiquitin in the modulation of the stability, deformability, and viscoelastic properties of the erythrocyte membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Corsi
- G. Fornaini Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Urbino, Via Saffi 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy
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46
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Kuhlman PA, Hughes CA, Bennett V, Fowler VM. A new function for adducin. Calcium/calmodulin-regulated capping of the barbed ends of actin filaments. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:7986-91. [PMID: 8626479 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.14.7986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Adducin is a membrane skeleton protein originally described in human erythrocytes that promotes the binding of spectrin to actin and also binds directly to actin and bundles actin filaments. Adducin is associated with regions of cell-cell contact in nonerythroid cells, where it is believed to play a role in regulating the assembly of the spectrin-actin membrane skeleton. In this study we demonstrate a novel function for adducin; it completely blocks elongation and depolymerization at the barbed (fast growing) ends of actin filaments, thus functioning as a barbed end capping protein (Kcap approximately 100 nM). This barbed end capping activity requires the intact adducin molecule and is not provided by the NH2-terminal globular head domains alone nor by the COOH-terminal extended tail domains, which were previously shown to contain the spectrin-actin binding, calmodulin binding, and phosphorylation sites. A novel difference between adducin and other previously described capping proteins is that it is down-regulated by calmodulin in the presence of calcium. The association of stoichiometric amounts of adducin with the short erythrocyte actin filaments in the membrane skeleton indicates that adducin could be the functional barbed end capper in erythrocytes and play a role in restricting actin filament length. Our experiments also suggest novel possibilities for calcium regulation of actin filament assembly by adducin in erythrocytes and at cell-cell contact sites in nonerythroid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Kuhlman
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Hayashi J, Ishida N, Sato H, Hata Y, Saito T. Effect of beraprost, a stable prostacyclin analogue, on red blood cell deformability impairment in the presence of hypercholesterolemia in rabbits. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1996; 27:527-31. [PMID: 8847869 DOI: 10.1097/00005344-199604000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of orally administered beraprost, a stable prostacyclin analogue, on the rheological behavior of red blood cells (RBC) in the presence of hypercholesterolemia. Rabbits fed a cholesterolrich diet were administered various doses of beraprost or pravastatin. We evaluated rheological behavior of RBC by assessing RBC deformability, using a positive-pressure filtration method. The maximum pressure generated by passing a suspension of RBC through a membrane filter was used as an index of RBC deformability. After animals were fed cholesterol for 16 weeks, the maximum pressure increased significantly from 172 +/- 15 mm Hg at baseline to 261 +/- 18 mm Hg (p < 0.01, n = 24). The reduction in RBC deformability associated with hypercholesterolemia improved dose dependently during 1-h incubation with various doses of beraprost. In ex vivo study, beraprost markedly restored RBC deformability 3 h after its oral administration to 218 +/- 17 mm Hg (n = 9) at a low dose and to 215 +/- 20 mm Hg (n = 9) at a high dose. The effect persisted for at least 2 h. Pravastatin failed to reduce the increased maximum pressure. Findings suggest that beraprost treatment may improve the microcirculation by restoring RBC deformability in the presence of hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hayashi
- Department of Gerontology and Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
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48
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Abstract
This article reviews our current knowledge of the structure of alpha spectrins and beta spectrins in the brain, as well as their location and expression within neural tissue. We discuss the known protein interactions of brain spectrin isoforms, and then describe results that suggest an important role for spectrin (alpha SpII sigma 1/beta SpII sigma 1) in the Ca(2+)-regulated release of neurotransmitters. Evidence that supports a role for spectrin in the docking of synaptic vesicles to the presynaptic plasma membrane and as a Ca2+ sensor protein that unclamps the fusion machinery is described, along with the Casting the Line model, which summarizes the information. We finish with a discussion of the value of spectrin and ankyrin-deficient mouse models in deciphering spectrin function in neural tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Goodman
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile 36688, USA
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Lombardo CR, Low PS. Calmodulin modulates protein 4.1 binding to human erythrocyte membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1994; 1196:139-44. [PMID: 7841177 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(94)00233-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin, an abundant protein in the red cell cytosol, exerts its effects on erythrocyte membrane properties via interactions with numerous proteins. To evaluate whether calmodulin might regulate association of protein 4.1 with one of its integral membrane protein anchors, protein 4.1 binding to inside-out erythrocyte membrane vesicles (IOVs) in the presence and absence of calmodulin and Ca2+ was examined. Ca2+ plus calmodulin was found to competitively inhibit protein 4.1 association with IOVs with a Ki of 1.4 microM and a maximal inhibition of 83%. In the absence of Ca2+, calmodulin still reduce protein 4.1 binding by 43%, consistent with the known Ca2+ independent association of calmodulin with protein 4.1. Ca2+ alone had no effect on protein 4.1-membrane interactions. Digestion studies revealed that both band 3 and glycophorin sites were similarly affected by calmodulin competition, suggesting all major protein 4.1 anchors are potentially regulated. In light of other data showing regulation of the same interactions by phosphoinositides, protein kinases, and the concentration of free cytosolic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, it can be argued that association of protein 4.1 with integral protein anchors constitutes one of the more sensitively regulated interactions of the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Lombardo
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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Masaaki K, Masatoshi S, Koichi H, Keisuke T. Relationship between erythrocyte deformability and glutathione under oxidative stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(94)90265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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