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Erciyes D, Bora ES, Tekindal MA, Erbaş O. Demonstration of the Protective Effect of Vinpocetine in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4637. [PMID: 39200779 PMCID: PMC11354616 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13164637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) poses a significant risk for heart failure in individuals with diabetes, yet its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Elevated blood sugar levels initiate harmful processes, including apoptosis, collagen accumulation, and fibrosis in the heart. Vinpocetine, a derivative of Vinca minor L., has demonstrated diverse pharmacological effects, including vasodilation, anti-inflammatory properties, and enhanced cellular metabolism. This study aims to investigate Vinpocetine's protective and remodeling effects in diabetic cardiomyopathy by evaluating biochemical and histopathological parameters. Methods: Twenty-one adult male Wistar rats were induced with diabetes using streptozocin and divided into Diabetes and Diabetes + Vinpocetine groups. Histopathological analyses, TGF-β1 immunoexpression, and measurements of plasma markers (TGF-β, pro-BNP, Troponin T) were performed. Biochemical analyses included HIF-1 alpha and neuregulin-1β quantification and evaluation of lipid peroxidation. Results: Vinpocetine significantly reduced cardiac muscle thickness, TGF-β1 expression, and plasma in diabetic rats. HIF-1 alpha and neuregulin-1β levels increased with Vinpocetine treatment. Histopathological observations confirmed reduced fibrosis and structural abnormalities in Vinpocetine-treated hearts. Conclusions: This study provides comprehensive evidence supporting the protective effects of Vinpocetine against diabetic cardiomyopathy. Vinpocetine treatment improved cardiac morphology, immunohistochemistry, and modulation of biochemical markers, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic intervention to attenuate the negative impact of diabetes on heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demet Erciyes
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Demiroğlu Bilim University, 34394 Istanbul, Türkiye;
| | - Ejder Saylav Bora
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, 35620 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Mustafa Agah Tekindal
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, İzmir Katip Çelebi Unıversity, 35620 Izmir, Türkiye;
| | - Oytun Erbaş
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Demiroğlu Bilim University, 34394 Istanbul, Türkiye;
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2
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Lakomkin VL, Abramov AA, Lukoshkova EV, Prosvirnin AV, Kapelko VI. HEMODYNAMICS AND CARDIAC CONTRACTILE FUNCTION IN TYPE 1 DIABETES. KARDIOLOGIIA 2022; 62:33-37. [PMID: 36066985 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2022.8.n1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The cardiohemodynamics was studied 1 week after the administration of streptozotocin (60 mg / kg) or 2 weeks after a dose of 30 mg / kg. All rats had a significantly elevated level of glucose in the blood (up to 27-31 mM). In an echocardiographic study, about 1/3 of diabetic animals exhibited systolic dysfunction, and the remaining 2/3 - diastolic dysfunction with an increase in isovolumic relaxation time by 1.5 times. The catheterization of the left ventricle (LV) with a sensor that allows simultaneous measuring LV pressure and volume in both groups revealed decreased cardiac output by 25-31% and maximal ejection rate by 34-50%. However, LV developed pressure, the maximal rate of its development and the level of blood pressure remained within the control values, thus reduced LV ejection rate was probably due to increased arterial stiffness - a negative correlation was found between these indicators (r = - 0.70). The diastolic dysfunction group differed from systolic dysfunction by a significantly smaller end diastolic volume by 22%. Thus, in type 1 diabetes, LV remodeling with reduced end diastolic volume allows to maintain a normal ejection fraction in the presence of distinct heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Lakomkin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution NATIONAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF CARDIOLOGY NAMED AFTER ACADEMICIAN E.I.CHAZOV. of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - A A Abramov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution NATIONAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF CARDIOLOGY NAMED AFTER ACADEMICIAN E.I.CHAZOV. of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - E V Lukoshkova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution NATIONAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF CARDIOLOGY NAMED AFTER ACADEMICIAN E.I.CHAZOV. of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - A V Prosvirnin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution NATIONAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF CARDIOLOGY NAMED AFTER ACADEMICIAN E.I.CHAZOV. of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - V I Kapelko
- Federal State Budgetary Institution NATIONAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF CARDIOLOGY NAMED AFTER ACADEMICIAN E.I.CHAZOV. of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
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Lakomkin VL, Abramov AA, Lukoshkova EV, Studneva IM, Prosvirin AV, Kapelko VI. Normalisation of diabetic heart pump function at decreased functional load. KARDIOLOGIIA 2022; 62:34-39. [PMID: 35414359 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2022.3.n1761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aim To study left ventricular (LV) hemodynamics in presence of decreased blood inflow to the heart as well as changes in myocardial content of energy metabolites in diabetic rats.Material and methods Diabetic cardiomyopathy is characterized by impaired heart contractility and by transition of cardiomyocyte energy metabolism fatty acids exclusively as a source of energy. This reduces the efficiency of energy utilization and increases the heart vulnerability to hypoxia. This study was performed on rats with type 1 diabetes mellitus induced by administration of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). The LV pump function was studied with a catheter that allows simultaneous measurement of LV pressure and volume in each cardiac cycle.Results Blood glucose was approximately sixfold increased at 2 weeks. Heart failure was detected with decreases in ejection fraction by 27%, minute volume by 39%, and stroke work by 41%. Systolic dysfunction was based on a decrease in LV peak ejection velocity by more than 50%. Furthermore, the LV developed pressure and contractility index were within the normal range, while 1.5 times increased arterial stiffness was the factor that hampered ejection. The sum of adenine nucleotides was decreased by 21%, the ATP content was decreased by 29%, and also creatine phosphate formation was reduced in the myocardium of diabetic rats. Lactate content in the diabetic myocardium was increased almost threefold, which indicated mobilization of aerobic glycolysis. With the reduced preload, equal diastolic volume (0.3 ml), and equal blood pressure (60 mm Hg), the diabetic heart pump function did not differ from the control.Conclusion In type 1 diabetes mellitus, decreases in functional load and oxygen consumption normalize the myocardial pump function with disturbed energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A A Abramov
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology
| | | | | | | | - V I Kapelko
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology
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4
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Systolic Dysfunction of the Heart in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 172:14-17. [PMID: 34792713 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Impaired insulin synthesis is accompanied by hyperglycemia and the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Echocardiography and left-ventricular catheterization were employed for studying the contractile function of the left ventricle in 2 weeks after administration of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). The results obtained by both methods were similar and indicated the development of systolic dysfunction with a 27% decrease in cardiac output. The invasive study showed that the maximum rate of left-ventricular pressure development, the contractility index, and systolic left-ventricular pressure were within the normal range, but the peak ejection rate was reduced by 28%. BP was normal, but the vascular stiffness index was increased by about 1.5 times and inversely correlated with the peak ejection rate (r=-0.69). The results showed that systolic dysfunction in type 1 diabetes model was due to reduced ejection from the left ventricle at normal rate of left-ventricular pressure development.
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Alaeddine LM, Harb F, Hamza M, Dia B, Mogharbil N, Azar NS, Noureldein MH, El Khoury M, Sabra R, Eid AA. Pharmacological regulation of cytochrome P450 metabolites of arachidonic acid attenuates cardiac injury in diabetic rats. Transl Res 2021; 235:85-101. [PMID: 33746109 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a well-established complication of type 1 and type 2 diabetes associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. DCM is diagnosed at advanced and irreversible stages. Therefore, it is of utmost need to identify novel mechanistic pathways involved at early stages to prevent or reverse the development of DCM. In vivo experiments were performed on type 1 diabetic rats (T1DM). Functional and structural studies of the heart were executed and correlated with mechanistic assessments exploring the role of cytochromes P450 metabolites, the 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (20-HETEs) and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), and their crosstalk with other homeostatic signaling molecules. Our data displays that hyperglycemia results in CYP4A upregulation and CYP2C11 downregulation in the left ventricles (LV) of T1DM rats, paralleled by a differential alteration in their metabolites 20-HETEs (increased) and EETs (decreased). These changes are concomitant with reductions in cardiac outputs, LV hypertrophy, fibrosis, and increased activation of cardiac fetal and hypertrophic genes. Besides, pro-fibrotic cytokine TGF-ß overexpression and NADPH (Nox4) dependent-ROS overproduction are also correlated with the observed cardiac functional and structural modifications. Of interest, these observations are attenuated when T1DM rats are treated with 12-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido) dodecanoic acid (AUDA), which blocks EETs metabolism, or N-hydroxy-N'-(4-butyl-2-methylphenol)Formamidine (HET0016), which inhibits 20-HETEs formation. Taken together, our findings confer pioneering evidence about a potential interplay between CYP450-derived metabolites and Nox4/TGF-β axis leading to DCM. Pharmacologic interventions targeting the inhibition of 20-HETEs synthesis or the activation of EETs synthesis may offer novel therapeutic approaches to treat DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M Alaeddine
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Frederic Harb
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Maysaa Hamza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Batoul Dia
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nahed Mogharbil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadim S Azar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; AUB Diabetes, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed H Noureldein
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mirella El Khoury
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ramzi Sabra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Assaad A Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; AUB Diabetes, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Wu X, Zhang T, Lyu P, Chen M, Ni G, Cheng H, Xu G, Li X, Wang L, Shang H. Traditional Chinese Medication Qiliqiangxin Attenuates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy via Activating PPARγ. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:698056. [PMID: 34336956 PMCID: PMC8322738 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.698056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy is the primary complication associated with diabetes mellitus and also is a major cause of death and disability. Limited pharmacological therapies are available for diabetic cardiomyopathy. Qiliqiangxin (QLQX), a Chinese medication, has been proven to be beneficial for heart failure patients. However, the role and the underlying protective mechanisms of QLQX in diabetic cardiomyopathy remain largely unexplored. Methods: Primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) were treated with glucose (HG, 40 mM) to establish the hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis model in vitro. Streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg/day for 5 consecutive days) was intraperitoneally injected into mice to establish the diabetic cardiomyopathy model in vivo. Various analyses including qRT-PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence [terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining] histology (hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome staining), and cardiac function (echocardiography) were performed in these mice. QLQX (0.5 μg/ml in vitro and 0.5 g/kg/day in vivo) was used in this study. Results: QLQX attenuated hyperglycemia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via activating peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). In vivo, QLQX treatment protected mice against STZ-induced cardiac dysfunction and pathological remodeling. Conclusions: QLQX attenuates diabetic cardiomyopathy via activating PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Lyu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengli Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gehui Ni
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiling Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guie Xu
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinli Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongcai Shang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Isola R, Broccia F, Casti A, Loy F, Isola M, Vargiu R. STZ-diabetic rat heart maintains developed tension amplitude by increasing sarcomere length and crossbridge density. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1572-1586. [PMID: 33977604 PMCID: PMC8362044 DOI: 10.1113/ep089000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
New Findings What is the central question of this study? In the papillary muscle from type I diabetic rats, does diabetes‐associated altered ventricular function result from changes of acto‐myosin interactions and are these modifications attributable to a possible sarcomere rearrangement? What is the main finding and its importance? For the first time, we showed that type‐I diabetes altered sarcomeric ultrastructure, as seen by transmission electron microscopy, consistent with physiological parameters. The diabetic condition induced slower timing parameters, which is compatible with a diastolic dysfunction. At the sarcomeric level, augmented β‐myosin heavy chain content and increased sarcomere length and crossbridges' number preserve myocardial stroke and could concur to maintain the ejection fraction.
Abstract We investigated whether diabetes‐associated altered ventricular function, in a type I diabetes animal model, results from a modification of acto‐myosin interactions, through the in vitro recording of left papillary muscle mechanical parameters and examination of sarcomere morphology by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Experiments were performed on streptozotocin‐induced diabetic and age‐matched control female Wistar rats. Mechanical isometric and isotonic indexes and timing parameters were determined. Using Huxley's equations, we calculated mechanics, kinetics and energetics of myosin crossbridges. Sarcomere length and A‐band length were measured on TEM images. Type I and III collagen and β‐myosin heavy chain (MHC) expression were determined by immunoblotting. No variation in resting and developed tension or maximum extent of shortening was evident between groups, but diabetic rats showed lower maximum shortening velocity and prolonged timing parameters. Compared to controls, diabetics also displayed a higher number of crossbridges with lower unitary force. Moreover, no change in type I and III collagen was associated to diabetes, but pathological rats showed a two‐fold enhancement of β‐MHC content and longer sarcomeres and A‐band, detected by ultrastructural morphometry. Overall, these data address whether a preserved systolic function accompanied by an altered diastolic phase results from a recruitment of super‐relaxed myosin heads or the phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain site in myosin. Although the early signs of diabetic cardiomyopathy were well expressed, the striking finding of our study was that, in diabetics, sarcomere modification may be a possible compensatory mechanism that preserves systolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Isola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cytomorphology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SP 8, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Francesca Broccia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SP 8, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Alberto Casti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cytomorphology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SP 8, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Francesco Loy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cytomorphology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SP 8, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Michela Isola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cytomorphology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SP 8, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Romina Vargiu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SP 8, Monserrato, Italy
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Kita-Tomihara T, Sato S, Yamasaki S, Ueno Y, Kimura G, Ketema RM, Kawahara T, Kurasaki M, Saito T. Polyphenol-enriched azuki bean ( Vina angularis) extract reduces the oxidative stress and prevents DNA oxidation in the hearts of streptozotocin-induced early diabetic rats. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 70:845-855. [PMID: 30775937 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1576598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We examined the changes in the heart of rats at the early stages of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes, and whether azuki bean extract (ABE) could influence these changes. The experimental diabetic rats received 0 or 40 mg/kg of ABE orally for 4 weeks, whereas the control group rats received distilled water. 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and expression of proteins associated with peroxisomal FA β-oxidation as well as oxidative stress markers were examined. The levels of peroxisomal ACOX1 and catalase of the diabetic groups were significantly higher than those in the control group. The levels of p62, phosphorylated-p62 (p-p62) and HO-1 in the STZ group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the levels of p-p62, HO-1, and 8-OHdG were significantly lower by ABE administration. The STZ-induced early diabetes increases the levels of proteins related to peroxisomal FA β-oxidation and oxidative stress markers in hearts. ABE protects diabetic hearts from oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shin Sato
- Department of Nutrition, Aomori University of Health and Welfare , Aomori , Japan
| | - Shojiro Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Yukako Ueno
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Goh Kimura
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Rahel M Ketema
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Tae Kawahara
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Masaaki Kurasaki
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
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Sanches IC, Buzin M, Conti FF, Dias DDS, dos Santos CP, Sirvente R, Salemi VMC, Llesuy S, Irigoyen MC, De Angelis K. Combined aerobic and resistance exercise training attenuates cardiac dysfunctions in a model of diabetes and menopause. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202731. [PMID: 30192778 PMCID: PMC6128534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed at evaluating the effects of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training on cardiac morphometry and function, oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters in diabetic ovariectomized rats. For this, female Wistar rats (10 weeks-old) were divided into 4 groups (n = 8): euglycemic (E), diabetic (streptozotocin, 50 mg/kg, iv) (D), diabetic ovariectomized (DO) and trained diabetic ovariectomized (TDO). The combined exercise training was performed on a treadmill and in a ladder adapted to rats (8 weeks, at 40-60% of maximal capacity). The left ventricle (LV) morphometry and function were evaluated by echocardiography. Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers were measured on ventricles tissue. The sedentary diabetic animals (D and DO) showed impaired systolic and diastolic functions, as well as increased cardiac overload, evaluated by myocardial performance index (MPI- D: 0.32 ± 0.05; DO: 0.39 ± 0.13 vs. E: 0.25 ± 0.07), in relation to E group. Systolic and MPI dysfunctions were exacerbated in DO when compared to D group. The DO group presented higher protein oxidation and TNF-α/IL-10 ratio than D groups. Glutathione redox ratio (GSH/GSSG) and IL-10 were decreased in both D and DO groups when compared to E group. Exercise training improved exercise capacity, systolic and diastolic functions and MPI (0.18±0.11). The TDO group showed reduced protein oxidation and TNF-α/IL-10 ratio and increased GSH/GSSG and IL-10 in relation to the DO group. These results showed that combined exercise training was able to attenuate the cardiac dysfunctions, probably by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in an experimental model of diabetes and menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morgana Buzin
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Filipe Fernandes Conti
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle da Silva Dias
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Sirvente
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Cury Salemi
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Susana Llesuy
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria-Cláudia Irigoyen
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kátia De Angelis
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
- Departament of Physiology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Matouk AI, Taye A, El-Moselhy MA, Heeba GH, Abdel-Rahman AA. Abnormal cannabidiol confers cardioprotection in diabetic rats independent of glycemic control. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 820:256-264. [PMID: 29274332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic GPR18 activation by its agonist abnormal cannabidiol (trans-4-[3-methyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-yl]-5-pentyl-1,3-benzenediol; abn-cbd) improves myocardial redox status and function in healthy rats. Here, we investigated the ability of abn-cbd to alleviate diabetes-evoked cardiovascular pathology and the contribution of GPR18 to this effect. Four weeks after diabetes induction by streptozotocin (STZ, 55mg/kg; i.p), male Wistar rats received abn-cbd, the GPR18 antagonist (1,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-2-[(1R,6R)-3-methyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-2-,cyclohexen-1-yl]benzene;O-1918), their combination (100µg/kg/day, i.p, each) or their vehicle for 2 weeks. Abn-cbd had no effect on diabetes-evoked cardiac hypertrophy or impaired glycemic control (hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia), but alleviated the associated reductions in left ventricular (LV) contractility (dP/dtmax) and relaxation (dP/dtmin) indices, and the increases in LV end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and cardiac vagal dominance. Abn-cbd also reversed myocardial oxidative stress by restoring circulating and cardiac nitric oxide (NO) and adiponectin (ADN) levels and enhancing GPR18 expression and phosphorylation of Akt, ERK1/2 and eNOS in diabetic rats' hearts. Concurrent GPR18 blockade (O-1918) abrogated all favorable effects of abn-cbd in diabetic rats. Collectively, the current findings present evidence for abn-cbd alleviation of diabetes-evoked cardiovascular anomalies likely via GPR18 dependent restoration of cardiac adiponectin-Akt-eNOS signaling and the diminution of myocardial oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa I Matouk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, NC, USA
| | - Ashraf Taye
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Egypt
| | | | - Gehan H Heeba
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Egypt
| | - Abdel A Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, NC, USA.
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Mukhopadhyay P, Maity S, Mandal S, Chakraborti AS, Prajapati AK, Kundu PP. Preparation, characterization and in vivo evaluation of pH sensitive, safe quercetin-succinylated chitosan-alginate core-shell-corona nanoparticle for diabetes treatment. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 182:42-51. [PMID: 29279124 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The study aims for development of an efficient polymeric carrier for evaluating pharmaceutical potentialities in modulating the drug profile of quercetin (QUE) in anti-diabetic research. Alginate and succinyl chitosan are focused in this investigation for encapsulating quercetin into core-shell nanoparticles through ionic cross linking. The FT-IR, XRD, NMR, SEM, TEM, drug entrapment and loading efficiency are commenced to examine the efficacy of the prepared nanoparticles in successful quercetin delivery. Obtained results showed the minimum particle size of ∼91.58nm and ∼95% quercetin encapsulation efficiently of the particles with significant pH sensitivity. Kinetics of drug release suggested self-sustained QUE release following the non-fickian trend. A pronounced hypoglycaemic effect and efficient maintenance of glucose homeostasis was evident in diabetic rat after peroral delivery of these quercetin nanoparticles in comparison to free oral quercetin. This suggests the fabrication of an efficient carrier of oral quercetin for diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyasi Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 002, India.
| | - Subhajit Maity
- Department of Bio-Physics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, 92,A.P.C. Road Kolkata 700009, India
| | | | - Abhay Sankar Chakraborti
- Department of Bio-Physics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, 92,A.P.C. Road Kolkata 700009, India
| | - A K Prajapati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 002, India.
| | - P P Kundu
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road Kolkata 700009, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India.
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12
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Tate M, Deo M, Cao AH, Hood SG, Huynh K, Kiriazis H, Du XJ, Julius TL, Figtree GA, Dusting GJ, Kaye DM, Ritchie RH. Insulin replacement limits progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy in the low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2017; 14:423-433. [PMID: 28565941 DOI: 10.1177/1479164117710390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a major contributor to the increasing burden of heart failure globally. Effective therapies remain elusive, in part due to the incomplete understanding of the mechanisms underlying diabetes-induced myocardial injury. The objective of this study was to assess the direct impact of insulin replacement on left ventricle structure and function in a rat model of diabetes. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered streptozotocin (55 mg/kg i.v.) or citrate vehicle and were followed for 8 weeks. A subset of diabetic rats were allocated to insulin replacement (6 IU/day insulin s.c.) for the final 4 weeks of the 8-week time period. Diabetes induced the characteristic systemic complications of diabetes (hyperglycaemia, polyuria, kidney hypertrophy) and was accompanied by marked left ventricle remodelling (cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, left ventricle collagen content) and diastolic dysfunction (transmitral E/A, left ventricle-dP/dt). Importantly, these systemic and cardiac impairments were ameliorated markedly following insulin replacement, and moreover, markers of the diabetic cardiomyopathy phenotype were significantly correlated with the extent of hyperglycaemia. In summary, these data suggest that poor glucose control directly contributes towards the underlying features of experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy, at least in the early stages, and that adequate replacement ameliorates this.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers/blood
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/etiology
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/pathology
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/physiopathology
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/prevention & control
- Disease Progression
- Fibrosis
- Heart Ventricles/drug effects
- Heart Ventricles/metabolism
- Heart Ventricles/pathology
- Heart Ventricles/physiopathology
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Insulin/pharmacology
- Male
- Myocarditis/pathology
- Myocarditis/physiopathology
- Myocarditis/prevention & control
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Streptozocin
- Time Factors
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchel Tate
- 1 Heart Failure Pharmacology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Minh Deo
- 1 Heart Failure Pharmacology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anh H Cao
- 1 Heart Failure Pharmacology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- 2 Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University and Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Sally G Hood
- 3 The Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Karina Huynh
- 1 Heart Failure Pharmacology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- 4 Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- 4 Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tracey L Julius
- 1 Heart Failure Pharmacology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gemma A Figtree
- 5 North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gregory J Dusting
- 6 Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David M Kaye
- 7 Heart Failure Research Group, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- 8 Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- 1 Heart Failure Pharmacology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- 8 Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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13
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Argpyrimidine-tagged rutin-encapsulated biocompatible (ethylene glycol dimers) nanoparticles: Application for targeted drug delivery in experimental diabetes (Part 2). Int J Pharm 2017; 528:8-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Tumor-Derived Tissue Factor Aberrantly Activates Complement and Facilitates Lung Tumor Progression via Recruitment of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010022. [PMID: 28106852 PMCID: PMC5297657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The initiator of extrinsic coagulation, tissue factor (TF), and its non-coagulant isoform alternatively spliced TF (asTF) are closely associated with tumor development. In the tumor microenvironment, the role of TF-induced coagulation in tumor progression remains to be fully elucidated. Using TF-knockdown lung tumor cells, we showed that TF is the dominant component of procoagulant activity but is dispensable in the cellular biology of tumor cells. In a xenograft model, using immunohistochemical analysis and flow cytometry analysis of the tumor microenvironment, we demonstrated that TF-induced fibrin deposition, which is correlated with complement activation and myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) recruitment, is positively associated with tumor progression. C5aR antagonism blunted the effect of TF on tumor progression and decreased MDSC recruitment. In conclusion, our data suggested that in tumor microenvironment, TF-induced coagulation activated the complement system and subsequently recruited myeloid-derived suppressor cells to promote tumor growth, which brings new insights into the coagulation-induced complement activation within the tumor microenvironment during tumor progression.
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Gonçalves N, Gomes-Ferreira C, Moura C, Roncon-Albuquerque R, Leite-Moreira A, Falcão-Pires I. Worse cardiac remodeling in response to pressure overload in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Cardiol 2016; 217:195-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.04.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Low Wang CC, Hess CN, Hiatt WR, Goldfine AB. Clinical Update: Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes Mellitus: Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Failure in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - Mechanisms, Management, and Clinical Considerations. Circulation 2016; 133:2459-502. [PMID: 27297342 PMCID: PMC4910510 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.022194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 677] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the principal cause of death and disability among patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus exacerbates mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis and heart failure. Unfortunately, these mechanisms are not adequately modulated by therapeutic strategies focusing solely on optimal glycemic control with currently available drugs or approaches. In the setting of multifactorial risk reduction with statins and other lipid-lowering agents, antihypertensive therapies, and antihyperglycemic treatment strategies, cardiovascular complication rates are falling, yet remain higher for patients with diabetes mellitus than for those without. This review considers the mechanisms, history, controversies, new pharmacological agents, and recent evidence for current guidelines for cardiovascular management in the patient with diabetes mellitus to support evidence-based care in the patient with diabetes mellitus and heart disease outside of the acute care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia C Low Wang
- From Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (C.C.L.); CPC Clinical Research, Aurora, CO (C.C.L., C.N.H., W.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (C.N.H., W.R.H.); Joslin Diabetes Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.B.G.)
| | - Connie N Hess
- From Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (C.C.L.); CPC Clinical Research, Aurora, CO (C.C.L., C.N.H., W.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (C.N.H., W.R.H.); Joslin Diabetes Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.B.G.)
| | - William R Hiatt
- From Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (C.C.L.); CPC Clinical Research, Aurora, CO (C.C.L., C.N.H., W.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (C.N.H., W.R.H.); Joslin Diabetes Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.B.G.)
| | - Allison B Goldfine
- From Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (C.C.L.); CPC Clinical Research, Aurora, CO (C.C.L., C.N.H., W.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (C.N.H., W.R.H.); Joslin Diabetes Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.B.G.).
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17
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Amoni M, Kelly-Laubscher R, Blackhurst D, Gwanyanya A. Beneficial Effects of Magnesium Treatment on Heart Rate Variability and Cardiac Ventricular Function in Diabetic Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2016; 22:169-178. [PMID: 27276916 DOI: 10.1177/1074248416653831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus induces life-threatening cardiovascular complications such as cardiac autonomic neuropathy and ventricular dysfunction and is associated with hypomagnesemia. In this study, we investigated the short-term effects of magnesium (Mg2+) treatment on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic cardiac complications. METHODS Adult Wistar rats were treated once with STZ (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [ip]) or vehicle (citrate) and then daily for 7 days with MgSO4 (270 mg/kg, ip) or saline. On the eighth day, in vivo tail-pulse plethysmography was recorded for heart rate variability (HRV) analysis, and ex vivo Langendorff-based left ventricular (LV) pressure-volume parameters were measured using an intraventricular balloon. Measurements of plasma lipid and Mg2+ levels as well as blood glucose and cardiac tissue Mg2+ levels were also performed. RESULTS Treatment with Mg2+ prevented diabetes-induced alterations in the standard deviation of the averages of normal-to-normal (NN) intervals (SDANN), root mean square differences of successive NN intervals (RMSSD), heart rate, and low-frequency (LF) power-high-frequency (HF) power ratio. In addition, Mg2+ restored orthostatic stress-induced changes in SDANN, RMSSD, and LF-HF ratio in diabetic rats. In isolated hearts, Mg2+ reversed the diabetes-induced decrease in LV end-diastolic elastance and the right shift of end-diastolic equilibrium volume intercept, without altering LV-developed pressure or end-systolic elastance. However, Mg2+ did not prevent the elevation in blood glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides or the decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in diabetes. Plasma- or cardiac tissue Mg2+ was not different among the treatment groups. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Mg2+ treatment may attenuate diabetes-induced reduction in HRV and improve LV diastolic distensibility, without preventing hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Thus, Mg2+ may have a modulatory role in the early stages of diabetic cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Amoni
- 1 Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Roisin Kelly-Laubscher
- 2 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,3 Centre for Higher Education Development, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dee Blackhurst
- 4 Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Asfree Gwanyanya
- 1 Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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18
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Propofol ameliorates hyperglycemia-induced cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction via heme oxygenase-1/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway in rats. Crit Care Med 2016; 42:e583-94. [PMID: 24810525 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000000415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Heme oxygenase-1 is inducible in cardiomyocytes in response to stimuli such as oxidative stress and plays critical roles in combating cardiac hypertrophy and injury. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 plays a pivotal role in heme oxygenase-1-mediated protection against liver and lung injuries under oxidative stress. We hypothesized that propofol, an anesthetic with antioxidant capacity, may attenuate hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes via enhancing heme oxygenase-1 activation and ameliorate hyperglycemia-induced cardiac hypertrophy and apoptosis via heme oxygenase-1/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling and improve cardiac function in diabetes. DESIGN Treatment study. SETTING Research laboratory. SUBJECTS Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTIONS In vivo and in vitro treatments. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS At 8 weeks of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes in rats, myocardial 15-F2t-isoprostane was significantly increased, accompanied by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis and impaired left ventricular function that was coincident with reduced heme oxygenase-1 activity and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation despite an increase in heme oxygenase-1 protein expression as compared to control. Propofol infusion (900 μg/kg/min) for 45 minutes significantly improved cardiac function with concomitantly enhanced heme oxygenase-1 activity and signal transducer and activator of transcription activation. Similar to the changes seen in diabetic rat hearts, high glucose (25 mmol/L) exposure for 48 hours led to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis, both in primary cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and in H9c2 cells compared to normal glucose (5.5 mmol/L). Hypertrophy was accompanied by increased reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde production and caspase-3 activity. Propofol, similar to the heme oxygenase-1 inducer cobalt protoporphyrin, significantly increased cardiomyocyte heme oxygenase-1 and p-signal transducer and activator of transcription protein expression and heme oxygenase-1 activity and attenuated high-glucose-mediated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis and reduced reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde production (p < 0.05). These protective effects of propofol were abolished by heme oxygenase-1 inhibition with zinc protoporphyrin and by heme oxygenase-1 or signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 gene knockdown. CONCLUSIONS Heme oxygenase-1/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling plays a critical role in propofol-mediated amelioration of hyperglycemia-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis, whereby propofol improves cardiac function in diabetic rats.
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19
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Vandekerckhove L, Vermeulen Z, Liu ZZ, Boimvaser S, Patzak A, Segers VFM, De Keulenaer GW. Neuregulin-1 attenuates development of nephropathy in a type 1 diabetes mouse model with high cardiovascular risk. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 310:E495-504. [PMID: 26786778 PMCID: PMC4824141 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00432.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) is an endothelium-derived growth factor with cardioprotective and antiatherosclerotic properties and is currently being tested in clinical trials as a treatment for systolic heart failure. In clinical practice, heart failure often coexists with renal failure, sharing an overlapping pathophysiological background. In this study, we hypothesized that NRG-1 might protect against cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, and nephropathy within one disease process. We tested this hypothesis in a hypercholesterolemic apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) type 1 diabetes mouse model prone to the development of cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, and nephropathy and compared the effects of NRG-1 with insulin. Upon onset of hyperglycemia induced by streptozotocin, apoE(-/-)mice were treated with vehicle, insulin, or recombinant human (rh)NRG-1 for 14 wk and were compared with nondiabetic apoE(-/-)littermates. Vehicle-treated diabetic apoE(-/-)mice developed left ventricular (LV) dilatation and dysfunction, dense atherosclerotic plaques, and signs of nephropathy. Nephropathy was characterized by abnormalities including hyperfiltration, albuminuria, increased urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), upregulation of renal fibrotic markers, and glomerulosclerosis. rhNRG-1 treatment induced systemic activation of ErbB2 and ErbB4 receptors in both heart and kidneys and prevented LV dilatation, improved LV contractile function, and reduced atherosclerotic plaque size. rhNRG-1 also significantly reduced albuminuria, NGALuria, glomerular fibrosis, and expression of fibrotic markers. Regarding the renal effects of rhNRG-1, further analysis showed that rhNRG-1 inhibited collagen synthesis of glomerular mesangial cells in vitro but did not affect AngII-induced vasoconstriction of glomerular arterioles. In conclusion, systemic administration of rhNRG-1 in hypercholesterolemic type 1 diabetic mice simultaneously protects against complications in the heart, arteries and kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leni Vandekerckhove
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; and
| | - Zarha Vermeulen
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; and
| | - Zhi Zhao Liu
- AG Nierengefäßphysiologie, Institut für Vegetative Physiologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonia Boimvaser
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; and
| | - Andreas Patzak
- AG Nierengefäßphysiologie, Institut für Vegetative Physiologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vincent F M Segers
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; and
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20
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Joubert M, Hardouin J, Legallois D, Blanchart K, Elie N, Nowoczyn M, Croisille P, Coulbault L, Bor-Angelier C, Allouche S, Manrique A. Effects of glycaemic variability on cardiac remodelling after reperfused myocardial infarction: Evaluation of streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2016; 42:342-350. [PMID: 26971835 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In addition to hyperglycaemia, glycaemic variability seems to be associated with poor outcomes after acute myocardial infarction. This study explored the impact of glycaemic variability in diabetic Wistar rats subjected to myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion. METHODS Animals with streptozotocin-induced diabetes received insulin either to maintain stable hyperglycaemia (Dh group) or to generate glycaemic variability (Dv). After experimental myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion was surgically induced, 7T cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) was performed at weeks 1 (w1) and 3 (w3). RESULTS Twenty-six rats were randomized [sham group (S): n=5; control group (C): n=7; Dh group: n=6; and Dv group: n=8]. The mean amplitude of glucose reflecting glycaemic variability was higher in the Dv than in the Dh group (9.1±2.7mmol/L vs 5.9±1.9mmol/L; P<0.05). CMR assessment at w3 revealed ventricular enlargement in both Dh and Dv groups compared with the C and S groups (end-diastolic volume: 1.60±0.22 and 1.36±0.30mL/kg compared with 1.11±0.13 and 0.87±0.11mL/kg, respectively; P<0.05). Circumferential strain was altered between w1 and w3 in the remote area only in the Dv group, resulting in a lower value in this group than in the S, C and Dh groups (-0.11±0.01 vs -0.17±0.05, -0.15±0.03 and -0.16±0.03, respectively; P<0.05). In addition, at w3, oedema was also higher in the remote area in the Dv than in the C group (18.3±4.9ms vs 14.5±1.7ms, respectively; P<0.05). CONCLUSION In the context of experimental myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion, our results suggest that glycaemic variability might have a potentially deleterious impact on myocardial outcomes beyond the classical glucose metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Joubert
- Diabetes Care Unit, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France; EA4650 Normandie université, GIP Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France.
| | - J Hardouin
- Diabetes Care Unit, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France; EA4650 Normandie université, GIP Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France.
| | - D Legallois
- Cardiology Unit, Caen University Hospital, 14033 Caen, France; EA4650 Normandie université, GIP Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France.
| | - K Blanchart
- Cardiology Unit, Caen University Hospital, 14033 Caen, France; EA4650 Normandie université, GIP Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France.
| | - N Elie
- CMABIO-HIQ Facility, SF4206 ICORE, IBFA, University of Caen, 14000 Caen, France.
| | - M Nowoczyn
- Biochemistry Unit, Caen University Hospital, 14000 Caen, France; EA4650 Normandie université, GIP Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France.
| | - P Croisille
- Radiology Department, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France; CREATIS CNRS UMR5220 Inserm U1044, Lyon University, 69000 Lyon, France.
| | - L Coulbault
- Biochemistry Unit, Caen University Hospital, 14000 Caen, France; EA4650 Normandie université, GIP Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France.
| | - C Bor-Angelier
- Pathology Department, F.-Baclesse Cancer Center, 14000 Caen, France.
| | - S Allouche
- Biochemistry Unit, Caen University Hospital, 14000 Caen, France; EA4650 Normandie université, GIP Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France.
| | - A Manrique
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Caen University Hospital, 14033 Caen, France; EA4650 Normandie université, GIP Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France.
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Aerobic exercise training promotes additional cardiac benefits better than resistance exercise training in postmenopausal rats with diabetes. Menopause 2016; 22:534-41. [PMID: 25314147 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise training or resistance exercise training on cardiac morphometric, functional, and oxidative stress parameters in rats with ovarian hormone deprivation and diabetes. METHODS Female Wistar rats (200-220 g) were divided into a sham-operated group (euglycemic sham-operated sedentary [ES]; n = 8) and three ovariectomized (bilateral removal of ovaries) and diabetic (streptozotocin 50 mg/kg IV) groups as follows: diabetic ovariectomized sedentary (DOS; n = 8), diabetic ovariectomized undergoing aerobic exercise training (DOTA; n = 8), and diabetic ovariectomized undergoing resistance exercise training (DOTR; n = 8). After 8 weeks of resistance (ladder) or aerobic (treadmill) exercise training, left ventricle function and morphometry were evaluated by echocardiography, whereas oxidative stress was evaluated at the left ventricle. RESULTS The DOS group presented with increased left ventricle cavity in diastole and relative wall thickness (RWT), and these changes were attenuated in both DOTA and DOTR groups. Systolic and diastolic function was impaired in the DOS group compared with the ES group, and only the DOTA group was able to reverse this dysfunction. Lipoperoxidation and glutathione redox balance were improved in both trained groups compared with the DOS group. Glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were higher in the DOTA group than in the other studied groups. Correlations were observed between lipoperoxidation and left ventricle cavity in diastole (r = 0.55), between redox balance and RWT (r = 0.62), and between lipoperoxidation and RWT (r = -0.60). CONCLUSIONS Aerobic exercise training and resistance exercise training promote attenuation of cardiac morphometric dysfunction associated with a reduction in oxidative stress in an experimental model of diabetes and menopause. However, only dynamic aerobic exercise training is able to attenuate systolic and diastolic dysfunction under this condition.
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Challenges and issues with streptozotocin-induced diabetes - A clinically relevant animal model to understand the diabetes pathogenesis and evaluate therapeutics. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 244:49-63. [PMID: 26656244 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Streptozotocin (STZ) has been extensively used over the last three decades to induce diabetes in various animal species and to help screen for hypoglycemic drugs. STZ induces clinical features in animals that resemble those associated with diabetes in humans. For this reason STZ treated animals have been used to study diabetogenic mechanisms and for preclinical evaluation of novel antidiabetic therapies. However, the physiochemical characteristics and associated toxicities of STZ are still major obstacles for researchers using STZ treated animals to investigate diabetes. Another major challenges in STZ-induced diabetes are sustaining uniformity, suitability, reproducibility and induction of diabetes with minimal animal lethality. Lack of appropriate use of STZ was found to be associated with increased mortality and animal suffering. During STZ use in animals, attention should be paid to several factors such as method of preparation of STZ, stability, suitable dose, route of administration, diet regimen, animal species with respect to age, body weight, gender and the target blood glucose level used to represent hyperglycemia. Therefore, protocol for STZ-induced diabetes in experimental animals must be meticulously planned. This review highlights specific skills and strategies involved in the execution of STZ-induced diabetes model. The present review aims to provide insight into diabetogenic mechanisms of STZ, specific toxicity of STZ with its significance and factors responsible for variations in diabetogenic effects of STZ. Further this review also addresses ways to minimize STZ-induced mortality, suggests methods to improve STZ-based experimental models and best utilize them for experimental studies purported to understand diabetes pathogenesis and preclinical evaluation of drugs.
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Mátyás C, Németh BT, Oláh A, Hidi L, Birtalan E, Kellermayer D, Ruppert M, Korkmaz-Icöz S, Kökény G, Horváth EM, Szabó G, Merkely B, Radovits T. The soluble guanylate cyclase activator cinaciguat prevents cardiac dysfunction in a rat model of type-1 diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:145. [PMID: 26520063 PMCID: PMC4628236 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0309-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) leads to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy, which is associated with altered nitric oxide (NO)--soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)--cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signalling. Cardioprotective effects of elevated intracellular cGMP-levels have been described in different heart diseases. In the current study we aimed at investigating the effects of pharmacological activation of sGC in diabetic cardiomyopathy. METHODS Type-1 DM was induced in rats by streptozotocin. Animals were treated either with the sGC activator cinaciguat (10 mg/kg/day) or with placebo orally for 8 weeks. Left ventricular (LV) pressure-volume (P-V) analysis was used to assess cardiac performance. Additionally, gene expression (qRT-PCR) and protein expression analysis (western blot) were performed. Cardiac structure, markers of fibrotic remodelling and DNA damage were examined by histology, immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assay, respectively. RESULTS DM was associated with deteriorated cGMP signalling in the myocardium (elevated phosphodiesterase-5 expression, lower cGMP-level and impaired PKG activity). Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, fibrotic remodelling and DNA fragmentation were present in DM that was associated with impaired LV contractility (preload recruitable stroke work (PRSW): 49.5 ± 3.3 vs. 83.0 ± 5.5 mmHg, P < 0.05) and diastolic function (time constant of LV pressure decay (Tau): 17.3 ± 0.8 vs. 10.3 ± 0.3 ms, P < 0.05). Cinaciguat treatment effectively prevented DM related molecular, histological alterations and significantly improved systolic (PRSW: 66.8 ± 3.6 mmHg) and diastolic (Tau: 14.9 ± 0.6 ms) function. CONCLUSIONS Cinaciguat prevented structural, molecular alterations and improved cardiac performance of the diabetic heart. Pharmacological activation of sGC might represent a new therapy approach for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Mátyás
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor u. 68., Budapest, 1122, Hungary.
| | - Balázs Tamás Németh
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor u. 68., Budapest, 1122, Hungary.
| | - Attila Oláh
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor u. 68., Budapest, 1122, Hungary.
| | - László Hidi
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor u. 68., Budapest, 1122, Hungary.
| | - Ede Birtalan
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor u. 68., Budapest, 1122, Hungary.
| | - Dalma Kellermayer
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor u. 68., Budapest, 1122, Hungary.
| | - Mihály Ruppert
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor u. 68., Budapest, 1122, Hungary.
| | - Sevil Korkmaz-Icöz
- Experimental Laboratory of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, INF 326. OG 2, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Gábor Kökény
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
| | - Eszter Mária Horváth
- Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 37-47., Budapest, 1094, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Experimental Laboratory of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, INF 326. OG 2, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Béla Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor u. 68., Budapest, 1122, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Radovits
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor u. 68., Budapest, 1122, Hungary. .,Experimental Laboratory of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, INF 326. OG 2, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Waddingham MT, Edgley AJ, Astolfo A, Inagaki T, Fujii Y, Du CK, Zhan DY, Tsuchimochi H, Yagi N, Kelly DJ, Shirai M, Pearson JT. Chronic Rho-kinase inhibition improves left ventricular contractile dysfunction in early type-1 diabetes by increasing myosin cross-bridge extension. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:92. [PMID: 26194354 PMCID: PMC4509700 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0256-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired actin-myosin cross-bridge (CB) dynamics correlate with impaired left ventricular (LV) function in early diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Elevated expression and activity of Rho kinase (ROCK) contributes to the development of DCM. ROCK targets several sarcomeric proteins including myosin light chain 2, myosin binding protein-C (MyBP-C), troponin I (TnI) and troponin T that all have important roles in regulating CB dynamics and contractility of the myocardium. Our aim was to examine if chronic ROCK inhibition prevents impaired CB dynamics and LV dysfunction in a rat model of early diabetes, and whether these changes are associated with changes in myofilament phosphorylation state. METHODS Seven days post-diabetes induction (65 mg/kg ip, streptozotocin), diabetic rats received the ROCK inhibitor, fasudil (10 mg/kg/day ip) or vehicle for 14 days. Rats underwent cardiac catheterization to assess LV function simultaneous with X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation to assess in situ CB dynamics. RESULTS Compared to controls, diabetic rats developed mild systolic and diastolic dysfunction, which was attenuated by fasudil. End-diastolic and systolic myosin proximity to actin filaments were significantly reduced in diabetic rats (P < 0.05). In all rats there was an inverse correlation between ROCK1 expression and the extension of myosin CB in diastole, with the lowest ROCK expression in control and fasudil-treated diabetic rats. In diabetic and fasudil-treated diabetic rats changes in relative phosphorylation of TnI and MyBP-C were not significant from controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate a clear role for ROCK in the development of LV dysfunction and impaired CB dynamics in early DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Waddingham
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Amanda J Edgley
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Alberto Astolfo
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College of London, London, England, UK.
| | - Tadakatsu Inagaki
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Fujii
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Cheng-Kun Du
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Dong-Yun Zhan
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hirotsugu Tsuchimochi
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Naoto Yagi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Harima, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Darren J Kelly
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Mikiyasu Shirai
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - James T Pearson
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia. .,Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, VIC, Australia. .,Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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Waddingham MT, Edgley AJ, Tsuchimochi H, Kelly DJ, Shirai M, Pearson JT. Contractile apparatus dysfunction early in the pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy. World J Diabetes 2015; 6:943-960. [PMID: 26185602 PMCID: PMC4499528 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i7.943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and heart failure in patients. Independent of hypertension and coronary artery disease, diabetes is associated with a specific cardiomyopathy, known as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Four decades of research in experimental animal models and advances in clinical imaging techniques suggest that DCM is a progressive disease, beginning early after the onset of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, ahead of left ventricular remodeling and overt diastolic dysfunction. Although the molecular pathogenesis of early DCM still remains largely unclear, activation of protein kinase C appears to be central in driving the oxidative stress dependent and independent pathways in the development of contractile dysfunction. Multiple subcellular alterations to the cardiomyocyte are now being highlighted as critical events in the early changes to the rate of force development, relaxation and stability under pathophysiological stresses. These changes include perturbed calcium handling, suppressed activity of aerobic energy producing enzymes, altered transcriptional and posttranslational modification of membrane and sarcomeric cytoskeletal proteins, reduced actin-myosin cross-bridge cycling and dynamics, and changed myofilament calcium sensitivity. In this review, we will present and discuss novel aspects of the molecular pathogenesis of early DCM, with a special focus on the sarcomeric contractile apparatus.
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Ho YJ, Lee AS, Chen WP, Chang WL, Tsai YK, Chiu HL, Kuo YH, Su MJ. Caffeic acid phenethyl amide ameliorates ischemia/reperfusion injury and cardiac dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:98. [PMID: 24923878 PMCID: PMC4065079 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-13-98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) has been shown to protect the heart against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by various mechanisms including its antioxidant effect. In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of a CAPE analog with more structural stability in plasma, caffeic acid phenethyl amide (CAPA), on I/R injury in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic rats. METHODS Type 1 diabetes mellitus was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by a single intravenous injection of 60 mg/kg STZ. To produce the I/R injury, the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 45 minutes, followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. CAPA was pretreated intraperitoneally 30 minutes before reperfusion. An analog devoid of the antioxidant property of CAPA, dimethoxyl CAPA (dmCAPA), and a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor (Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester [l-NAME]) were used to evaluate the mechanism involved in the reduction of the infarct size following CAPA-treatment. Finally, the cardioprotective effect of chronic treatment of CAPA was analyzed in diabetic rats. RESULTS Compared to the control group, CAPA administration (3 and 15 mg/kg) significantly reduced the myocardial infarct size after I/R, while dmCAPA (15 mg/kg) had no cardioprotective effect. Interestingly, pretreatment with a NOS inhibitor, (L-NAME, 3 mg/kg) eliminated the effect of CAPA on myocardial infarction. Additionally, a 4-week CAPA treatment (1 mg/kg, orally, once daily) started 4 weeks after STZ-induction could effectively decrease the infarct size and ameliorate the cardiac dysfunction by pressure-volume loop analysis in STZ-induced diabetic animals. CONCLUSIONS CAPA, which is structurally similar to CAPE, exerts cardioprotective activity in I/R injury through its antioxidant property and by preserving nitric oxide levels. On the other hand, chronic CAPA treatment could also ameliorate cardiac dysfunction in diabetic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ming-Jai Su
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 11F, No, 1, Sec, 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 10051, Taiwan.
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Myocardial Dysfunction in Early Diabetes Patients with Microalbuminuria: A 2-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Strain Study. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 70:573-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-9958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Han JC, Tran K, Nielsen PMF, Taberner AJ, Loiselle DS. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes prolongs twitch duration without affecting the energetics of isolated ventricular trabeculae. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:79. [PMID: 24731754 PMCID: PMC4005834 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-13-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes induces numerous electrical, ionic and biochemical defects in the heart. A general feature of diabetic myocardium is its low rate of activity, commonly characterised by prolonged twitch duration. This diabetes-induced mechanical change, however, seems to have no effect on contractile performance (i.e., force production) at the tissue level. Hence, we hypothesise that diabetes has no effect on either myocardial work output or heat production and, consequently, the dependence of myocardial efficiency on afterload of diabetic tissue is the same as that of healthy tissue. METHODS We used isolated left ventricular trabeculae (streptozotocin-induced diabetes versus control) as our experimental tissue preparations. We measured a number of indices of mechanical (stress production, twitch duration, extent of shortening, shortening velocity, shortening power, stiffness, and work output) and energetic (heat production, change of enthalpy, and efficiency) performance. We calculated efficiency as the ratio of work output to change of enthalpy (the sum of work and heat). RESULTS Consistent with literature results, we showed that peak twitch stress of diabetic tissue was normal despite suffering prolonged duration. We report, for the first time, the effect of diabetes on mechanoenergetic performance. We found that the indices of performance listed above were unaffected by diabetes. Hence, since neither work output nor change of enthalpy was affected, the efficiency-afterload relation of diabetic tissue was unaffected, as hypothesised. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes prolongs twitch duration without having an effect on work output or heat production, and hence efficiency, of isolated ventricular trabeculae. Collectively, our results, arising from isolated trabeculae, reconcile the discrepancy between the mechanical performance of the whole heart and its tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- June-Chiew Han
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Lamberts RR, Lingam SJ, Wang HY, Bollen IAE, Hughes G, Galvin IF, Bunton RW, Bahn A, Katare R, Baldi JC, Williams MJA, Saxena P, Coffey S, Jones PP. Impaired relaxation despite upregulated calcium-handling protein atrial myocardium from type 2 diabetic patients with preserved ejection fraction. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:72. [PMID: 24708792 PMCID: PMC3997226 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-13-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diastolic dysfunction is a key factor in the development and pathology of cardiac dysfunction in diabetes, however the exact underlying mechanism remains unknown, especially in humans. We aimed to measure contraction, relaxation, expression of calcium-handling proteins and fibrosis in myocardium of diabetic patients with preserved systolic function. METHODS Right atrial appendages from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM, n = 20) and non-diabetic patients (non-DM, n = 36), all with preserved ejection fraction and undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), were collected. From appendages, small cardiac muscles, trabeculae, were isolated to measure basal and β-adrenergic stimulated myocardial function. Expression levels of calcium-handling proteins, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA2a) and phospholamban (PLB), and of β1-adrenoreceptors were determined in tissue samples by Western blot. Collagen deposition was determined by picro-sirius red staining. RESULTS In trabeculae from diabetic samples, contractile function was preserved, but relaxation was prolonged (Tau: 74 ± 13 ms vs. 93 ± 16 ms, non-DM vs. DM, p = 0.03). The expression of SERCA2a was increased in diabetic myocardial tissue (0.75 ± 0.09 vs. 1.23 ± 0.15, non-DM vs. DM, p = 0.007), whereas its endogenous inhibitor PLB was reduced (2.21 ± 0.45 vs. 0.42 ± 0.11, non-DM vs. DM, p = 0.01). Collagen deposition was increased in diabetic samples. Moreover, trabeculae from diabetic patients were unresponsive to β-adrenergic stimulation, despite no change in β1-adrenoreceptor expression levels. CONCLUSIONS Human type 2 diabetic atrial myocardium showed increased fibrosis without systolic dysfunction but with impaired relaxation, especially during β-adrenergic challenge. Interestingly, changes in calcium-handling protein expression suggests accelerated active calcium re-uptake, thus improved relaxation, indicating a compensatory calcium-handling mechanism in diabetes in an attempt to maintain diastolic function at rest despite impaired relaxation in the diabetic fibrotic atrial myocardium. Our study addresses important aspects of the underlying mechanisms of diabetes-associated diastolic dysfunction, which is crucial to developing new therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regis R Lamberts
- Department of Physiology - HeartOtago, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Shivanjali J Lingam
- Department of Physiology - HeartOtago, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Heng-Yu Wang
- Department of Physiology - HeartOtago, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ilse AE Bollen
- Department of Physiology - HeartOtago, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gillian Hughes
- Department of Physiology - HeartOtago, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ivor F Galvin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Dunedin School of Medicine, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Richard W Bunton
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Dunedin School of Medicine, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Bahn
- Department of Physiology - HeartOtago, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rajesh Katare
- Department of Physiology - HeartOtago, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - J Chris Baldi
- Department of Medicine – HeartOtago, Dunedin School of Medicine, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael JA Williams
- Department of Medicine – HeartOtago, Dunedin School of Medicine, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Pankaj Saxena
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Dunedin School of Medicine, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sean Coffey
- Department of Medicine – HeartOtago, Dunedin School of Medicine, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Peter P Jones
- Department of Physiology - HeartOtago, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Han JC, Goo S, Barrett CJ, Mellor KM, Taberner AJ, Loiselle DS. The afterload-dependent peak efficiency of the isolated working rat heart is unaffected by streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:4. [PMID: 24387738 PMCID: PMC3916799 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-13-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes is known to alter the energy metabolism of the heart. Thus, it may be expected to affect the efficiency of contraction (i.e., the ratio of mechanical work output to metabolic energy input). The literature on the subject is conflicting. The majority of studies have reported a reduction of myocardial efficiency of the diabetic heart, yet a number of studies have returned a null effect. We propose that these discrepant findings can be reconciled by examining the dependence of myocardial efficiency on afterload. Methods We performed experiments on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats (7-8 weeks post-induction), subjecting their (isolated) hearts to a wide range of afterloads (40 mmHg to maximal, where aortic flow approached zero). We measured work output and oxygen consumption, and their suitably scaled ratio (i.e., myocardial efficiency). Results We found that myocardial efficiency is a complex function of afterload: its value peaks in the mid-range and decreases on either side. Diabetes reduced the maximal afterload to which the hearts could pump (105 mmHg versus 150 mmHg). Thus, at high afterloads (for example, 90 mmHg), the efficiency of the STZ heart was lower than that of the healthy heart (10.4% versus 14.5%) due to its decreased work output. Diabetes also reduced the afterload at which peak efficiency occurred (optimal afterload: 63 mmHg versus 83 mmHg). Despite these negative effects, the peak value of myocardial efficiency (14.7%) was unaffected by diabetes. Conclusions Diabetes reduces the ability of the heart to pump at high afterloads and, consequently, reduces the afterload at which peak efficiency occurs. However, the peak efficiency of the isolated working rat heart remains unaffected by STZ-induced diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- June-Chiew Han
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Bayeva M, Sawicki KT, Ardehali H. Taking diabetes to heart--deregulation of myocardial lipid metabolism in diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2:e000433. [PMID: 24275630 PMCID: PMC3886738 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bayeva
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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Thackeray JT, deKemp RA, Beanlands RS, DaSilva JN. Insulin restores myocardial presynaptic sympathetic neuronal integrity in insulin-resistant diabetic rats. J Nucl Cardiol 2013; 20:845-56. [PMID: 23842711 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-013-9759-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is associated with increased sympathetic activity, elevated norepinephrine, impaired heart rate variability, and the added risk of cardiovascular mortality. The temporal development of sympathetic neuronal dysfunction, response to therapy, and relation to ventricular function is not well characterized. METHODS AND RESULTS Sympathetic neuronal integrity was serially investigated in high fat diet-fed streptozotocin diabetic rats using [(11)C]meta-hydroxyephedrine (HED) positron emission tomography at baseline, 8 weeks of diabetes, and after a further 8 weeks of insulin or insulin-sensitizing metformin therapy. Myocardial HED retention was reduced in diabetic rats (n = 16) compared to non-diabetics (n = 6) at 8 weeks by 52-57% (P = .01) with elevated plasma and myocardial norepinephrine levels. Echocardiography pulse-wave Doppler measurements demonstrated prolonged mitral valve deceleration and increased early-to-atrial filling velocity, consistent with diastolic dysfunction. Insulin but not metformin evoked recovery of HED retention and plasma norepinephrine (P < .05), whereas echocardiography measurements of diastolic function were not improved by either treatment. Relative expressions of norepinephrine reuptake transporter and β-adrenoceptors were lower in metformin-treated as compared to insulin-treated diabetic and non-diabetic rats. Diabetic rats exhibited depressed heart rate variability and impaired diastolic function which persisted despite insulin treatment. CONCLUSIONS HED imaging provides sound estimation of sympathetic function. Effective glycemic control can recover sympathetic function in diabetic rats without the corresponding recovery of echocardiography indicators of diastolic dysfunction. HED positron emission tomography imaging may be useful in stratifying cardiovascular risk among diabetic patients and in evaluating the effect of glycemic therapy on the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Thackeray
- Molecular Function & Imaging Program, National Cardiac PET Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada,
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Chung CS, Mitov MI, Callahan LA, Campbell KS. Increased myocardial short-range forces in a rodent model of diabetes reflect elevated content of β myosin heavy chain. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 552-553:92-9. [PMID: 24012810 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Diastolic dysfunction is a clinically significant problem for patients with diabetes and often reflects increased ventricular stiffness. Attached cross-bridges contribute to myocardial stiffness and produce short-range forces, but it is not yet known whether these forces are altered in diabetes. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that cross-bridge-based short-range forces are increased in the streptozotocin (STZ) induced rat model of type 1 diabetes. Chemically permeabilized myocardial preparations were obtained from 12week old rats that had been injected with STZ or vehicle 4weeks earlier, and activated in solutions with pCa (=-log10[Ca(2+)]) values ranging from 9.0 to 4.5. The short-range forces elicited by controlled length changes were ∼67% greater in the samples from the diabetic rats than in the control preparations. This change was mostly due to an increased elastic limit (the length change at the peak short-range force) as opposed to increased passive muscle stiffness. The STZ-induced increase in short-ranges forces is thus unlikely to reflect changes to titin and/or collagen filaments. Gel electrophoresis showed that STZ increased the relative expression of β myosin heavy chain. This molecular mechanism can explain the increased short-ranges forces observed in the diabetic tissue if β myosin molecules remain bound between the filaments for longer durations than α molecules during imposed movements. These results suggest that interventions that decrease myosin attachment times may be useful treatments for diastolic dysfunction associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Chung
- Department of Physiology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, United States; Center for Muscle Biology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, United States
| | - Mihail I Mitov
- Department of Physiology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, United States; Center for Muscle Biology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, United States
| | - Leigh Ann Callahan
- Center for Muscle Biology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, United States; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, United States
| | - Kenneth S Campbell
- Department of Physiology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, United States; Center for Muscle Biology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, United States.
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Khaliq F, Parveen A, Singh S, Gondal R, Hussain ME, Fahim M. Improvement in myocardial function by Terminalia arjuna in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: possible mechanisms. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2013; 18:481-9. [PMID: 23676315 DOI: 10.1177/1074248413488831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vascular complications are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients. Herbal drugs are increasingly being used in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. The present study was designed to examine the therapeutic potential of Terminalia arjuna bark extract in improving myocardial function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. After 8 weeks of STZ administration, rats showed a decline in left ventricular pressure (LVP), maximal rate of rise and fall in LVP (LV [dP/dt] max and LV [dP/dt] min), cardiac contractility index (LV [dP/dt] max/LVP), and rise in LV end-diastolic pressure. Altered lipid profile, oxidative stress, and increased levels of endothelin 1 (ET-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) along with histological changes in heart and pancreas were observed in diabetic rats. T arjuna significantly attenuated cardiac dysfunction and myocardial injury in diabetic rats. It also reduced oxidative stress, ET-1, and inflammatory cytokine levels. The decreased body weight, heart rate blood pressure, and raised blood sugar in diabetic rats did not improve after T arjuna therapy. Results suggest that T arjuna bark extract improves the altered myocardial function in diabetic rats possibly through maintaining endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities, decreasing ET-1 and cytokine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Khaliq
- Department of Physiology, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi University, Delhi, India
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Falcão-Pires I, Leite-Moreira AF. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: understanding the molecular and cellular basis to progress in diagnosis and treatment. Heart Fail Rev 2013; 17:325-44. [PMID: 21626163 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-011-9257-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is an important and prevalent risk factor for congestive heart failure. Diabetic cardiomyopathy has been defined as ventricular dysfunction that occurs in diabetic patients independent of a recognized cause such as coronary artery disease or hypertension. The disease course consists of a hidden subclinical period, during which cellular structural insults and abnormalities lead initially to diastolic dysfunction, later to systolic dysfunction, and eventually to heart failure. Left ventricular hypertrophy, metabolic abnormalities, extracellular matrix changes, small vessel disease, cardiac autonomic neuropathy, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and apoptosis are the most important contributors to diabetic cardiomyopathy onset and progression. Hyperglycemia is a major etiological factor in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. It increases the levels of free fatty acids and growth factors and causes abnormalities in substrate supply and utilization, calcium homeostasis, and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, it promotes excessive production and release of reactive oxygen species, which induces oxidative stress leading to abnormal gene expression, faulty signal transduction, and cardiomyocytes apoptosis. Stimulation of connective tissue growth factor, fibrosis, and the formation of advanced glycation end-products increase the stiffness of the diabetic hearts. Despite all the current information on diabetic cardiomyopathy, translational research is still scarce due to limited human myocardial tissue and most of our knowledge is extrapolated from animals. This paper aims to elucidate some of the molecular and cellular pathophysiologic mechanisms, structural changes, and therapeutic strategies that may help struggle against diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Falcão-Pires
- Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular R&D Unit, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Kanat M, Vardi S, Arinc H, Gunduz H, Erdem A, Karagoz Y. Evaluation of cardiac functions with tissue Doppler imaging in prediabetic subjects. Korean Circ J 2013; 43:82-6. [PMID: 23508684 PMCID: PMC3596668 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2013.43.2.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives The aim of the present study was to evaluate left ventricle systolic and diastolic function, using tissue Doppler echocardiography (TDE), in relation to blood glucose status in prediabetic patients who had no evidence of heart disease by conventional echocardiography (CE). Subjects and Methods We included 60 patients (30 female, 30 male) and 20 healthy controls (10 male, 10 female). All participants were randomised into four groups according to their oral glucose tolerance test. Group-I consisted of those patients who had only impaired fasting glucose (IFG). group-II consisted of patients who had only impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and group-III consisted of patients who had both IFG and IGT, that is so-called combined glucose intolerance. Group-IV included the healthy controls. All subjects underwent both CE and TDE. Results No significant differences were found among the four groups in terms of CE. There was no significant difference between group-IV and group-I with respect to the early peak diastolic velocity (Ea) of medial mitral annulus (11.65±0.66 vs. 9.72±1.58, p>0.05), whereas a statistically significant difference was found between group-IV and group-II (11.65±0.66 vs. 9.06±1.07, p<0.001) and between group-IV and group-III (11.65±0.66 vs. 9.74±1.09, p<0.05). Conclusion Diastolic myocardial dysfunction in prediabetic patients may be identified by quantitative TDE before the appearance of CE indices of myocardial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Kanat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Birarda G, Holman EA, Fu S, Weikel K, Hu P, Blankenberg FG, Holman HY, Taylor A. Synchrotron infrared imaging of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) in cardiac tissue from mice fed high glycemic diets. BIOMEDICAL SPECTROSCOPY AND IMAGING 2013; 2:301-315. [PMID: 26500847 PMCID: PMC4617198 DOI: 10.3233/bsi-130057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent research findings correlate an increased risk for dieases such as diabetes, macular degeneration and cardiovascular disease (CVD) with diets that rapidly raise the blood sugar levels; these diets are known as high glycemic index (GI) diets which include white breads, sodas and sweet deserts. Lower glycemia diets are usually rich in fruits, non-starchy vegetables and whole grain products. The goal of our study was to compare and contrast the effects of a low vs. high glycemic diet using the biochemical composition and microstructure of the heart. The improved spatial resolution and signal-to-noise for SR-FTIR obtained through the coupling of the bright synchrotron infrared photon source to an infrared spectral microscope enabled the molecular-level observation of diet-related changes within unfixed fresh frozen histologic sections of mouse cardiac tissue. High and low glycemic index (GI) diets were started at the age of five-months and continued for one year, with the diets only differing in their starch distribution (high GI diet = 100% amylopectin versus low GI diet = 30% amylopectin/70% amylose). Serial cryosections of cardiac tissue for SR-FTIR imaging alternated with adjacent hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained sections allowed not only fine-scale chemical analyses of glycogen and glycolipid accumulation along a vein as well as protein glycation hotspots co-localizing with collagen cold spots but also the tracking of morphological differences occurring in tandem with these chemical changes. As a result of the bright synchrotron infrared photon source coupling, we were able to provide significant molecular evidence for a positive correlation between protein glycation and collagen degradation in our mouse model. Our results bring a new insight not only to the effects of long-term GI dietary practices of the public but also to the molecular and chemical foundation behind the cardiovascular disease pathogenesis commonly seen in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Birarda
- Berkeley Synchrotron Infrared Structural Biology Program, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Holman
- Department of Radiology and Pediatrics/Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shang Fu
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA at Tufts University, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karen Weikel
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA at Tufts University, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ping Hu
- Berkeley Synchrotron Infrared Structural Biology Program, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Francis G. Blankenberg
- Department of Radiology and Pediatrics/Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hoi-Ying Holman
- Berkeley Synchrotron Infrared Structural Biology Program, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Allen Taylor
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA at Tufts University, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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Meloni M, Descamps B, Caporali A, Zentilin L, Floris I, Giacca M, Emanueli C. Nerve growth factor gene therapy using adeno-associated viral vectors prevents cardiomyopathy in type 1 diabetic mice. Diabetes 2012; 61:229-40. [PMID: 22187379 PMCID: PMC3237667 DOI: 10.2337/db11-0763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a cause of cardiac dysfunction, reduced myocardial perfusion, and ultimately heart failure. Nerve growth factor (NGF) exerts protective effects on the cardiovascular system. This study investigated whether NGF gene transfer can prevent diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice. We worked with mice with streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes and with nondiabetic control mice. After having established that diabetes reduces cardiac NGF mRNA expression, we tested NGF gene therapies with adeno-associated viral vectors (AAVs) for the capacity to protect the diabetic mouse heart. To this aim, after 2 weeks of diabetes, cardiac expression of human NGF or β-Gal (control) genes was induced by either intramyocardial injection of AAV serotype 2 (AAV2) or systemic delivery of AAV serotype 9 (AAV9). Nondiabetic mice were given AAV2-β-Gal or AAV9-β-Gal. We found that the diabetic mice receiving NGF gene transfer via either AAV2 or AAV9 were spared the progressive deterioration of cardiac function and left ventricular chamber dilatation observed in β-Gal-injected diabetic mice. Moreover, they were additionally protected from myocardial microvascular rarefaction, hypoperfusion, increased deposition of interstitial fibrosis, and increased apoptosis of endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes, which afflicted the β-Gal-injected diabetic control mice. Our data suggest therapeutic potential of NGF for the prevention of cardiomyopathy in diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Meloni
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology and Regeneration, Regenerative Medicine Section, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Betty Descamps
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology and Regeneration, Regenerative Medicine Section, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Andrea Caporali
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology and Regeneration, Regenerative Medicine Section, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Lorena Zentilin
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ilaria Floris
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology and Regeneration, Regenerative Medicine Section, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Mauro Giacca
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology and Regeneration, Regenerative Medicine Section, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
- Corresponding author: Costanza Emanueli,
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Cesaretti MLR, Ginoza M, Ribeiro AB, Kohlmann O. [Systemic hemodynamic and left ventricular function of diabetic-induced hypertensive rats]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 54:842-51. [PMID: 21340178 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302010000900011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the effects of type-1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) induction on systemic hemodynamic and ventricular function of normotensive and hypertensive rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS DM1 was induced by streptozotocin in Wistar rats (WST), borderline hypertensive rats (BHR) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The systemic hemodynamic was evaluated by thermodilution and ventricular function by Langendorff preparation. RESULTS DM1-induction increased tail arterial pressure of WST and BHR. DM1 also increased total peripheral resistance in WST and decrease in cardiac output stroke volume in WST and BHR. Systolic function indexes were reduced and ventricular stiffness increased in all WST-diabetic rats. All of these effects were more prominent on diabetic WST rats. CONCLUSION The DM1 in rats was accompanied by important changes in both systolic and diastolic heart function leading to significant changes in the systemic hemodynamics that were not significantly enhanced by hypertension.
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Soskić SS, Dobutović BD, Sudar EM, Obradović MM, Nikolić DM, Djordjevic JD, Radak DJ, Mikhailidis DP, Isenović ER. Regulation of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) and its Potential Role in Insulin Resistance, Diabetes and Heart Failure. Open Cardiovasc Med J 2011; 5:153-63. [PMID: 21792376 PMCID: PMC3141344 DOI: 10.2174/1874192401105010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) are the enzymes responsible for nitric oxide (NO) generation. NO is a reactive oxygen species as well as a reactive nitrogen species. It is a free radical which mediates several biological effects. It is clear that the generation and actions of NO under physiological and pathophysiological conditions are regulated and extend to almost every cell type and function within the circulation. In mammals 3 distinct isoforms of NOS have been identified: neuronal NOS (nNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS). The important isoform in the regulation of insulin resistance (IR) is iNOS. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating the iNOS pathway in normal and hyperglycemic conditions would help to explain some of vascular abnormalities observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Previous studies have reported increased myocardial iNOS activity and expression in heart failure (HF). This review considers the recent animal studies which focus on the understanding of regulation of iNOS activity/expression and the role of iNOS agonists as potential therapeutic agents in treatment of IR, T2DM and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja S Soskić
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute "Vinča", University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branislava D Dobutović
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute "Vinča", University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Emina M Sudar
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute "Vinča", University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan M Obradović
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute "Vinča", University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana M Nikolić
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute "Vinča", University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena D Djordjevic
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, P.O.Box S2 Republic of Serbia
| | - Djordje J Radak
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, Belgrade University School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (Vascular Disease Prevention Clinics), Royal Free campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Esma R Isenović
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute "Vinča", University of Belgrade, Serbia
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Distinct mechanisms for diastolic dysfunction in diabetes mellitus and chronic pressure-overload. Basic Res Cardiol 2011; 106:801-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-011-0184-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Huang JP, Huang SS, Deng JY, Chang CC, Day YJ, Hung LM. Insulin and resveratrol act synergistically, preventing cardiac dysfunction in diabetes, but the advantage of resveratrol in diabetics with acute heart attack is antagonized by insulin. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49:1710-21. [PMID: 20828608 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV), a natural phenolic compound, has been found to display cardiovascular protective and insulin-sensitizing properties. In this study, the effects of RSV and its combination with insulin on mortality, hemodynamics, insulin signaling, and nitrosative stress were compared in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats with or without acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Under normoxic conditions, cardiac systolic and diastolic functions and insulin-mediated Akt/GLUT4 (glucose transporter 4) activation were impaired in STZ-diabetic rats. The combination of RSV and insulin significantly prevented the above diabetes-associated abnormalities. Notwithstanding that, the diabetic state rendered the animals more susceptible to myocardial I/R injury, and the mortality rate and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)/nitrotyrosine protein expression and superoxide anion production were also further increased in I/R-injured diabetic hearts. In contrast, RSV treatment alone resulted in a lower mortality rate (from 62.5 to 18%) and better cardiac systolic function than its combination with insulin. RSV also inhibited iNOS/nitrotyrosine protein overexpression and superoxide anion overproduction in I/R-injured diabetic myocardium. Hyperglycemia, impairment of insulin signaling, overexpression of iNOS/nitrotyrosine, and superoxide anion overproduction were markedly rescued by the combination treatment, which did not show an improvement in mortality rate (30%) or cardiac performance over RSV treatment alone. These results indicate that insulin and RSV synergistically prevented cardiac dysfunction in diabetes and this may be in parallel with activation of the insulin-mediated Akt/GLUT4 signaling pathway. Although activation of the protective signal (Akt/GLUT4) and suppression of the adverse markers (iNOS, nitrotyrosine, and superoxide anion) were simultaneously observed in insulin and RSV combination treatment, insulin counteracted the advantage of RSV in diabetics with acute heart attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiung-Pang Huang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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Jiang Y, Steinle JJ. Regulation of IRS-2 signaling by IGF-1 receptor in the diabetic rat heart. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2010; 88:553-61. [DOI: 10.1139/y10-006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease involves changes in inflammatory markers. Since insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) can activate vascular endothelial growth factor to promote vascular growth, reduced IGF-1R signaling in the type I diabetic heart could be detrimental, leading to reduced, collateral blood vessel growth. This study assessed whether diabetes can induce an inflammatory phenotype to regulate molecules in the IGF-1 signaling cascade, thus mediating apoptosis. Rats were made diabetic using streptozotocin (to render them type I diabetic) for 2 months with no insulin treatment. At 2 months, rats were sacrificed under anesthesia, and the left ventricle was immediately removed and placed into cold lysis buffer for protein analyses. Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analyses were completed to evaluate protein levels. Diabetes increased TNF-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1α levels in the heart. JNK and p42/p44 activity was significantly increased in the diabetic heart, while IGF-1R phosphorylation, IRS-2 tyrosine phosphorylation, and Akt activities were reduced. A significant increase in Bad protein levels and the cleavage of caspase 3 was observed in the diabetic heart. These results suggest that diabetes activates multiple inflammatory markers in the heart, which then signal a decrease in the activities of key players in the insulin-signaling cascade, namely IGF-1R, IRS-2, and Akt, to regulate apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youde Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jena J. Steinle
- Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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Weytjens C, Cosyns B, D'hooge J, Droogmans S, Lahoutte T, Garbar C, Roossens B, Van Camp G. Evaluation of contractile function and inotropic reserve with tissue velocity, strain and strain rate imaging in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY 2010; 11:622-9. [PMID: 20400764 DOI: 10.1093/ejechocard/jeq032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the present study was to evaluate left ventricular (LV) function and contractile reserve (CR) with Doppler myocardial imaging (DMI) in a small animal model for type 1 diabetes. METHODS AND RESULTS Cardiac function was assessed in anaesthetized Wistar rats 6 and 8 weeks after injection of 60 mg/kg of streptozotocin. At 6 weeks of diabetes, colour DMI echocardiography was performed at rest and during incremental dosages of dobutamine (5, 10, 20 microg/kg/min). Left ventricular fractional shortening was decreased after 8 weeks of follow-up [36 +/- 5 (D) vs. 41 +/- 4% (C); P = 0.049]. After 6 weeks of diabetes, DMI measurements were reduced in the diabetic rats in the inferolateral wall at rest [systolic velocity: 2.5 +/- 0.4 (D) vs. 4.4 +/- 0.3 (C) cm/s; P < 0.001; systolic strain rate: 12.2 +/- 3.4 (D) vs. 17.4 +/- 3.2 (C) 1/s; P = 0.012] and during inotropic stimulation [delta velocity (cm/s): 0.2 +/- 0.1 (D) vs. 0.5 +/- 0.3 (C)/5 microg dobutamine; P = 0.002; delta strain rate (1/s): 1.4 +/- 0.9 (D) vs. 3.3 +/- 2.2 (C)/5 microg dobutamine; P = 0.049]. Furthermore, the intraventricular delay in time-to-peak systolic strain was larger in diabetes [20 +/- 18 (D) vs. 10 +/- 7 (C) ms; P= 0.01]. Systolic mitral annular velocity was also lower in the diabetic rats at rest [2.7 +/- 0.4 (D) vs. 3.5 +/- 0.4 (C) cm/s; P < 0.001] and in response to dobutamine [delta velocity (cm/s): 0.1 +/- 0.1 (D) vs. 0.3 +/- 0.2 (C)/5 microg dobutamine; P = 0.013]. CONCLUSION In experimental diabetes, a reduction in radial and longitudinal LV function and CR can be detected with DMI before the onset of a reduced global LV function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Weytjens
- Department of Cardiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium.
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Insulin signaling regulates cardiac titin properties in heart development and diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2010; 48:910-6. [PMID: 20184888 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Isoform-switching of the giant elastic protein titin is a main mechanism for adjusting passive myocardial stiffness in perinatal heart development and chronic heart disease. Previous evidence suggested that thyroid-hormone signaling converging onto the phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway regulates titin-isoform composition in developing cardiomyocytes. Here we hypothesized that insulin, another activator of PI3K/AKT, alters titin-isoform composition and titin-based stiffness. We also checked for insulin-induced changes in titin phosphorylation. In embryonic rat cardiomyocytes cultured in the presence of insulin for 7 days, the mean proportion of the stiff N2B-titin isoform (M(w), 3000 kDa) significantly increased from 53% in controls to 65% in insulin-treated cells, the remainder being the more compliant N2BA-isoforms (M(w), 3200-3700 kDa). This insulin-dependent titin-isoform shift was blocked by PI3K-inhibitor, LY294002, suggesting that insulin controls the cardiac titin-isoform pattern by activating PI3K/AKT. Titin phosphorylation was substantially increased in insulin-treated compared to control cardiomyocytes. The impact of insulin-deficiency in vivo on titin-isoform expression, titin phosphorylation, and passive myocardial stiffness was studied in streptozotocin-treated (STZ) rats as a model of diabetes mellitus type-1. Within 5 months, STZ rats developed cardiac hypertrophy and mild left ventricular fibrosis, concomitant with elevated glucose levels. The mean proportion of N2B-titin was slightly but significantly decreased from 86% in controls to 79% in STZ hearts. Titin phosphorylation levels remained unchanged. Mechanical measurements on skinned cardiac fibers showed only minor passive stiffness modifications in STZ myocardium. We conclude that insulin signaling regulates titin-isoform composition and titin phosphorylation in embryonic cardiomyocytes and could also contribute to altered diastolic function in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Jain N, Vijayaraghavan R, Pant SC, Lomash V, Ali M. Aloe vera gel alleviates cardiotoxicity in streptozocin-induced diabetes in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 62:115-23. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.62.01.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Persistent hyperglycaemia results in oxidative stress along with the generation of oxygen free radicals and appears to be an important factor in the production of secondary complications in diabetes. The aim of this work was to evaluate markers of oxidative stress in heart tissue along with the protective, antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of 30% Aloe vera gel in diabetic rats.
Methods
Streptozocin was given as a single intravenous injection and 30% Aloe vera gel was given in two doses for 20 days, orally. Blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, blood reduced glutathione, serum lactate dehydrogenase and serum creatine kinase levels were measured on day 21 after drug treatment. Heart rate and mean blood pressure were recorded at the end of the study. Different biochemical variables were evaluated in the heart tissue, including thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase in diabetic and in Aloe vera-treated diabetic rats.
Key findings
In streptozocin diabetic rats, the TBARS level was increased significantly, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione significantly decreased, and the catalase level was significantly increased. Aloe vera 30% gel (200 mg/kg) treatment in diabetic rats reduced the increased TBARS and maintained the superoxide dismutase and catalase activity up to the normal level. Aloe vera gel increased reduced glutathione by four times in diabetic rats.
Conclusions
Aloe vera gel at 200 mg/kg had significant antidiabetic and cardioprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeti Jain
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment (DRDE), Jhansi Road Gwalior, M.P., India
| | - Rajagopalan Vijayaraghavan
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment (DRDE), Jhansi Road Gwalior, M.P., India
| | - Satish Chandra Pant
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment (DRDE), Jhansi Road Gwalior, M.P., India
| | - Vinay Lomash
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment (DRDE), Jhansi Road Gwalior, M.P., India
| | - Mohammed Ali
- Department of Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Radovits T, Korkmaz S, Loganathan S, Barnucz E, Bömicke T, Arif R, Karck M, Szabó G. Comparative investigation of the left ventricular pressure-volume relationship in rat models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 297:H125-33. [PMID: 19429826 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00165.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with characteristic structural and functional changes of the myocardium, termed diabetic cardiomyopathy. As a distinct entity independent of coronary atherosclerosis, diabetic cardiomyopathy is an increasingly recognized cause of heart failure. A detailed understanding of diabetic cardiac dysfunction, using relevant animal models, is required for the effective prevention and treatment of cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients. We investigated and compared cardiac performance in rat models of type 1 DM (streptozotocin induced) and type 2 DM (Zucker diabetic fatty rats) using a pressure-volume (P-V) conductance catheter system. Left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function was evaluated in vivo at different preloads, including the slope of the end-systolic P-V relation (ESPVR) and end-diastolic P-V relationship (EDPVR), preload recruitable stroke work (PRSW), maximal slope of the systolic pressure increment (dP/dt(max)), and its relation to end-diastolic volume (dP/dt(max)-EDV) as well as the time constant of LV relaxation and maximal slope of the diastolic pressure decrement. Type 1 DM was associated with decreased LV systolic pressure, dP/dt(max), slope of ESPVR and dP/dt(max)-EDV, PRSW, ejection fraction, and cardiac and stroke work indexes, indicating marked systolic dysfunction. In type 2 DM rats, systolic indexes were altered only to a lower extent and the increase of LV stiffness was more pronounced, as indicated by the higher slopes of EDPVR. Our data suggest that DM is characterized by decreased systolic performance and delayed relaxation (mainly in type 1 DM), accompanied by increased diastolic stiffness of the heart (more remarkably in type 2 DM). Based on the sophisticated method of P-V analysis, different characteristics of type 1 and type 2 diabetic cardiac dysfunction can be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Radovits
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Radovits T, Bömicke T, Kökény G, Arif R, Loganathan S, Kécsán K, Korkmaz S, Barnucz E, Sandner P, Karck M, Szabó G. The phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor vardenafil improves cardiovascular dysfunction in experimental diabetes mellitus. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 156:909-19. [PMID: 19298393 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2008.00098.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Patients with diabetes mellitus exhibit generalized endothelial and cardiac dysfunction with decreased nitric oxide production. Elevated intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels contribute to an effective cardioprotection in different pathophysiological conditions. In this study, we investigated whether chronic treatment with the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor vardenafil could improve diabetic cardiovascular dysfunction by up-regulating the nitric oxide-cGMP pathway in the vessel wall and myocardium. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Diabetes was induced in young rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg x kg(-1)). In the treatment group, vardenafil (10 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)) was given orally for 8 weeks. Diabetic control animals received vehicle for the same time. Left ventricular pressure-volume relations were measured by using a microtip Millar pressure-volume conductance catheter, and indexes of contractility, such as the slope of end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (E(max)) and preload recruitable stroke work (PRSW), were calculated. In organ bath experiments for isometric tension with rings of isolated aortae, endothelium-dependent and independent vasorelaxation was investigated by using acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. KEY RESULTS When compared with the non-diabetic controls, diabetic rats showed increased myocardial and vascular transforming growth factor-beta1 expression, impaired left ventricular contractility (impairment of E(max) by 53%, PRSW by 40%; P < 0.05) and vascular dysfunction. Treatment with vardenafil resulted in higher cGMP levels, reduced transforming growth factor-beta1 expression, significantly improved cardiac function (improvement of E(max) by 95%, PRSW by 69%; P < 0.05) and greater vasorelaxation to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside in aortae from diabetic animals. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results demonstrate that impaired vascular cGMP signalling contributes to the development of diabetic vascular and cardiac dysfunction, which can be prevented by chronic phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Radovits
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Preservation of the Positive Lusitropic Effect of β-Adrenoceptors Stimulation in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Anesth Analg 2008; 107:1130-8. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e3181806903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Cosyns B, Droogmans S, Hernot S, Degaillier C, Garbar C, Weytjens C, Roosens B, Schoors D, Lahoutte T, Franken PR, Van Camp G. Effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on myocardial blood flow reserve assessed by myocardial contrast echocardiography in rats. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2008; 7:26. [PMID: 18764943 PMCID: PMC2546381 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-7-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The role of structural and functional abnormalities of small vessels in diabetes cardiomyopathy remains unclear. Myocardial contrast echocardiography allows the quantification of myocardial blood flow at rest and during dipyridamole infusion. The aim of the study was to determine the myocardial blood flow reserve in normal rats compared with streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats using contrast echocardiography. METHODS We prospectively studied 40 Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced by intravenous streptozotocin in 20 rats. All rats underwent baseline and stress (dipyridamole: 20 mg/kg) high power intermittent imaging in short axis view under anaesthesia baseline and after six months. Myocardial blood flow was determined and compared at rest and after dipyridamole in both populations. The myocardial blood flow reserve was calculated and compared in the 2 groups. Parameters of left ventricular function were determined from the M-mode tracings and histological examination was performed in all rats at the end of the study. RESULTS At six months, myocardial blood flow reserve was significantly lower in diabetic rats compared to controls (3.09 +/- 0.98 vs. 1.28 +/- 0.67 ml min-1 g-1; p < 0.05). There were also a significant decrease in left ventricular function and a decreased capillary surface area and diameter at histology in the diabetic group. CONCLUSION In this animal study, diabetes induced a functional alteration of the coronary microcirculation, as demonstrated by contrast echocardiography, a decrease in capillary density and of the cardiac systolic function. These findings may offer new insights into the underlying mechanisms of diabetes cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Cosyns
- Cardiology Department, UZ Brussel, VUB, Brussels, Belgium.
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