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Yu W, Huang MM, Zhang GH, Wang W, Chen CJ, Cheng JD. Whole-exome sequencing reveals MYH7 p.R671C mutation in three different phenotypes of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1002. [PMID: 34345284 PMCID: PMC8311224 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is one of the most common types of genetic heart disorder and features high genetic heterogeneity. HCM is a major cause of sudden cardiac death and also an important cause of heart failure-related disability. A pedigree with suspected familial HCM was recruited for the present study to identify genetic abnormalities. HCM was confirmed by echocardiography and clinical data of the family members were collected. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood and sequenced based on standard whole-exome sequencing (WES) protocols. Sanger sequencing was further performed to verify mutation sites and their association with HCM. WES and Sanger sequencing revealed a heterozygous missense mutation (c.2011C>T p.R671C) in myosin heavy chain 7 (MYH7) that was identified in three family members. The Arg671Cys mutation was located in exon 18 and, to the best of our knowledge, has not been previously reported in familial HCM. Furthermore, family members carrying the same mutated gene were of different sexes and clinical phenotypes. They included the proband, a 17-year-old survivor of sudden cardiac arrest with ventricular systolic dysfunction, the proband's maternal uncle, who presented with ventricular diastolic dysfunction and the proband's mother, who had no obvious clinical symptoms and did not present with cardiac dysfunction. However, echocardiology indicated that the proband's mother had an enlarged left atrium, slightly thicker right anterior wall and anterior septum and an expanded atrial septum. Therefore, HCM exhibited obvious genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to report such a mutation in the MYH7 gene in familial HCM. In addition, the present study demonstrated that WES is a powerful tool for identifying genetic variants in HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China
| | - Mi-Mi Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Hong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Juan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Chun-Juan Chen, Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 69 Dong Xia North Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Dong Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China
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Virani SS, Alonso A, Aparicio HJ, Benjamin EJ, Bittencourt MS, Callaway CW, Carson AP, Chamberlain AM, Cheng S, Delling FN, Elkind MSV, Evenson KR, Ferguson JF, Gupta DK, Khan SS, Kissela BM, Knutson KL, Lee CD, Lewis TT, Liu J, Loop MS, Lutsey PL, Ma J, Mackey J, Martin SS, Matchar DB, Mussolino ME, Navaneethan SD, Perak AM, Roth GA, Samad Z, Satou GM, Schroeder EB, Shah SH, Shay CM, Stokes A, VanWagner LB, Wang NY, Tsao CW. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2021 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2021; 143:e254-e743. [PMID: 33501848 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3087] [Impact Index Per Article: 1029.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure, valvular disease, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS The American Heart Association, through its Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update. The 2021 Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and American Heart Association staff members. This year's edition includes data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, an enhanced focus on social determinants of health, adverse pregnancy outcomes, vascular contributions to brain health, the global burden of cardiovascular disease, and further evidence-based approaches to changing behaviors related to cardiovascular disease. RESULTS Each of the 27 chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policy makers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
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Virani SS, Alonso A, Benjamin EJ, Bittencourt MS, Callaway CW, Carson AP, Chamberlain AM, Chang AR, Cheng S, Delling FN, Djousse L, Elkind MSV, Ferguson JF, Fornage M, Khan SS, Kissela BM, Knutson KL, Kwan TW, Lackland DT, Lewis TT, Lichtman JH, Longenecker CT, Loop MS, Lutsey PL, Martin SS, Matsushita K, Moran AE, Mussolino ME, Perak AM, Rosamond WD, Roth GA, Sampson UKA, Satou GM, Schroeder EB, Shah SH, Shay CM, Spartano NL, Stokes A, Tirschwell DL, VanWagner LB, Tsao CW. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2020 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2020; 141:e139-e596. [PMID: 31992061 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4832] [Impact Index Per Article: 1208.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports on the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure, valvular disease, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS The American Heart Association, through its Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update. The 2020 Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and American Heart Association staff members. This year's edition includes data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, metrics to assess and monitor healthy diets, an enhanced focus on social determinants of health, a focus on the global burden of cardiovascular disease, and further evidence-based approaches to changing behaviors, implementation strategies, and implications of the American Heart Association's 2020 Impact Goals. RESULTS Each of the 26 chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policy makers, media professionals, clinicians, healthcare administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
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Benjamin EJ, Muntner P, Alonso A, Bittencourt MS, Callaway CW, Carson AP, Chamberlain AM, Chang AR, Cheng S, Das SR, Delling FN, Djousse L, Elkind MSV, Ferguson JF, Fornage M, Jordan LC, Khan SS, Kissela BM, Knutson KL, Kwan TW, Lackland DT, Lewis TT, Lichtman JH, Longenecker CT, Loop MS, Lutsey PL, Martin SS, Matsushita K, Moran AE, Mussolino ME, O'Flaherty M, Pandey A, Perak AM, Rosamond WD, Roth GA, Sampson UKA, Satou GM, Schroeder EB, Shah SH, Spartano NL, Stokes A, Tirschwell DL, Tsao CW, Turakhia MP, VanWagner LB, Wilkins JT, Wong SS, Virani SS. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2019 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2019; 139:e56-e528. [PMID: 30700139 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5317] [Impact Index Per Article: 1063.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Benjamin EJ, Virani SS, Callaway CW, Chamberlain AM, Chang AR, Cheng S, Chiuve SE, Cushman M, Delling FN, Deo R, de Ferranti SD, Ferguson JF, Fornage M, Gillespie C, Isasi CR, Jiménez MC, Jordan LC, Judd SE, Lackland D, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth L, Liu S, Longenecker CT, Lutsey PL, Mackey JS, Matchar DB, Matsushita K, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, O'Flaherty M, Palaniappan LP, Pandey A, Pandey DK, Reeves MJ, Ritchey MD, Rodriguez CJ, Roth GA, Rosamond WD, Sampson UKA, Satou GM, Shah SH, Spartano NL, Tirschwell DL, Tsao CW, Voeks JH, Willey JZ, Wilkins JT, Wu JH, Alger HM, Wong SS, Muntner P. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2018 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2018; 137:e67-e492. [PMID: 29386200 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4508] [Impact Index Per Article: 751.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ueda Y, Stern JA. A One Health Approach to Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 90:433-448. [PMID: 28955182 PMCID: PMC5612186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiac disease in humans and results in significant morbidity and mortality. Research over the past 25 years has contributed enormous insight into this inherited disease particularly in the areas of genetics, molecular mechanisms, and pathophysiology. Our understanding continues to be limited by the heterogeneity of clinical presentations with various genetic mutations associated with HCM. Transgenic mouse models have been utilized especially studying the genotypic and phenotypic interactions. However, mice possess intrinsic cardiac and hemodynamic differences compared to humans and have limitations preventing their direct translation. Other animal models of HCM have been studied or generated in part to overcome these limitations. HCM in cats shows strikingly similar molecular, histopathological, and genetic similarities to human HCM, and offers an important translational opportunity for the study of this disease. Recently, inherited left ventricular hypertrophy in rhesus macaques was identified and collaborative investigations have been conducted to begin to develop a non-human primate HCM model. These naturally-occurring large-animal models may aid in advancing our understanding of HCM and developing novel therapeutic approaches to this disease. This review will highlight the features of HCM in humans and the relevant available and developing animal models of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ueda
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Joshua A. Stern
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA,California National Primate Research Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA,To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Joshua A. Stern, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, Tel: 530-752-2475, .
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Roberts R. Molecular biology of heart disease. World J Cardiol 2011; 3:121-6. [PMID: 21526050 PMCID: PMC3082736 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v3.i4.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dr. Robert Roberts is currently Professor of Medicine and Director of the Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre along with being President and CEO of the University of Ottawa Heart Institute. Prior to this appointment, he was Chief of Cardiology for 23 years at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. His original research was in cardiac enzymology which led to the development of the MBCK test which was the standard diagnostic assay for myocardial infarction for more than 3 decades. In the late 1970s, his research interests switched to molecular biology and the genetics of cardiomyopathies. He is regarded as one of the founders of molecular cardiology and has identified and sequenced more than 20 genes responsible for cardiovascular disorders. In the past 6 years, he has pursued genome-wide association studies to identify genes predisposing to coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction. The first genetic variant for CAD, 9p21, was identified by Dr. Robert's laboratory and, in collaboration with the international consortium, CARDIoGRAM, has identified 13 novel genes for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Roberts
- Robert Roberts, Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4W7, Canada.
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Abstract
In the last decade our understanding of cardiac pathophysiology has experienced significant advances linked to major advances in molecular genetics. Although many genes are associated today with cardiac diseases, the genetics of both hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy have generated great interest. The familial nature of the disease in some patients has been very useful in this regard. In addition, there are also excellent experimental models to study the implications of the genetic abnormalities. Altogether the study of the molecular genetics of the cardiomyopathies should provide not only prognostic information but also new therapeutic alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Roberts
- Sección de Cardiología, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Rozenshtein A, Boxt LM. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of patients with valvular heart disease. J Thorac Imaging 2000; 15:252-64. [PMID: 11039613 DOI: 10.1097/00005382-200010000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) evaluation of patients with valvular heart disease is almost never performed as a first line of diagnostic intervention, their performance does provide important morphologic and physiologic information concerning the etiology and the current status of the valvular dysfunction. Evaluation of chamber and great artery size as well as ventricular wall thickness provide the basis for diagnosing and analyzing severity of valvular heart disease. Furthermore, additional findings, including calcification and evidence of interstitial pulmonary edema, increase diagnostic sensitivity and confidence in diagnosis. MR examination has the advantage over CT of providing direct demonstration of the signal void jets of dysfunctional valves, as well as a means of quantitating regional and global ventricular function and severity of valvular pressure gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rozenshtein
- Department of Radiology, St. Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- G Shah
- Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex 77030, USA
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Marian AJ, Wu Y, Lim DS, McCluggage M, Youker K, Yu QT, Brugada R, DeMayo F, Quinones M, Roberts R. A transgenic rabbit model for human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Clin Invest 1999; 104:1683-92. [PMID: 10606622 PMCID: PMC409884 DOI: 10.1172/jci7956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/1999] [Accepted: 10/29/1999] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain mutations in genes for sarcomeric proteins cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We have developed a transgenic rabbit model for HCM caused by a common point mutation in the beta-myosin heavy chain (MyHC) gene, R400Q. Wild-type and mutant human beta-MyHC cDNAs were cloned 3' to a 7-kb murine beta-MyHC promoter. We injected purified transgenes into fertilized zygotes to generate two lines each of the wild-type and mutant transgenic rabbits. Expression of transgene mRNA and protein were confirmed by Northern blotting and 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting, respectively. Animals carrying the mutant transgene showed substantial myocyte disarray and a 3-fold increase in interstitial collagen expression in their myocardia. Mean septal thicknesses were comparable between rabbits carrying the wild type transgene and their nontransgenic littermates (NLMs) but were significantly increased in the mutant transgenic animals. Posterior wall thickness and left ventricular mass were also increased, but dimensions and systolic function were normal. Premature death was more common in mutant than in wild-type transgenic rabbits or in NLMs. Thus, cardiac expression of beta-MyHC-Q(403) in transgenic rabbits induced hypertrophy, myocyte and myofibrillar disarray, interstitial fibrosis, and premature death, phenotypes observed in humans patients with HCM due to beta-MyHC-Q(403).
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Marian
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Romero
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10003, USA
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Levine RJ, Yang Z, Epstein ND, Fananapazir L, Stull JT, Sweeney HL. Structural and functional responses of mammalian thick filaments to alterations in myosin regulatory light chains. J Struct Biol 1998; 122:149-61. [PMID: 9724616 DOI: 10.1006/jsbi.1998.3980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ordered array of myosin heads, characteristic of relaxed striated muscle thick filaments, is reversibly disordered by phosphorylating myosin regulatory light chains, decreasing temperature and/or ionic strength, increasing pH, and depleting nucleotide. In the case of light chain phosphorylation, disorder, most likely due to a change in charge affecting the light chain amino-terminus, reflects increased myosin head mobility, thus increased accessibility to actin, and results in increased calcium sensitivity of tension development. Thus, interactions between the unphosphorylated regulatory light chain and the filament backbone may help maintain the overall order of the relaxed filament. To define this relationship, we have examined the structural and functional effects of such manipulations as exchanging wild-type smooth and skeletal myosin light chains into permeabilized rabbit psoas fibers and removing regulatory light chains (without exchange) from such fibers. We have also compared the structural and functional parameters of biopsied fibers from patients with severe familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy due to a single amino acid substitution in the regulatory light chains to those exhibited by fibers from normal relatives. Our results support a role for regulatory light chains in reversible ordering of myosin heads and suggest that economy of energy utilization may provide for evolutionary preservation of this function in vertebrate striated muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Levine
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, MCPdiamondHahnemann School of Medicine, Allegheny University of the Health Sciences, 3200 Henry Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19129, USA
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Bottinelli R, Coviello DA, Redwood CS, Pellegrino MA, Maron BJ, Spirito P, Watkins H, Reggiani C. A mutant tropomyosin that causes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is expressed in vivo and associated with an increased calcium sensitivity. Circ Res 1998; 82:106-15. [PMID: 9440709 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.82.1.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mutant contractile protein genes that cause familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) are presumed to encode mutant proteins that interfere with contractile function. However, it has generally not been possible to show mutant protein expression and incorporation into the sarcomere in vivo. This study aimed to assess whether a mutant alpha-fast tropomyosin (TM) responsible for FHC is actually expressed and determines abnormal contractile function. Since alpha-fast TM is expressed in heart and skeletal muscle, samples from vastus lateralis muscles were studied from two FHC patients carrying an Asp175Asn alpha-fast TM mutation and two healthy control subjects. TM isoforms from whole biopsy samples and single fibers were identified by gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis. An additional faster-migrating TM band was observed in both FHC patients. The aberrant TM was identified as the Asp175Asn alpha-fast TM by comigration with purified recombinant human Asp175Asn alpha-fast TM. Densitometric quantification of mutant and wild-type alpha-fast TMs suggested equal expression of the two proteins. Contractile parameters of single skinned muscle fibers from FHC patients and healthy control subjects were compared. Calcium sensitivity was significantly increased in muscle fibers containing Asp175Asn alpha-fast Tm compared with fibers lacking the mutant TM. No discernible difference was found regarding cooperativity, maximum force, and maximum shortening velocity. This is the first demonstration that the mutant TM that causes FHC is indeed expressed and almost certainly incorporated into muscle in vivo and does result in altered contractile function; this confirms a dominant-negative, rather than null allele, action. Since the mutant TM was associated with increased calcium sensitivity, this mutation might be associated with an enhancement and not a depression of cardiac contractile performance. If so, this contrasts with the hypothesis that FHC mutations induce contractile impairment followed by compensatory hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bottinelli
- Institute of Human Physiology, University of Pavia, Italy.
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Coonar AS, McKenna WJ. Molecular genetics of familial cardiomyopathies. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 1997; 35:285-324. [PMID: 9348651 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2660(08)60453-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A S Coonar
- St. George's Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom
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Carrier L, Bonne G, Bahrend E, Yu B, Richard P, Niel F, Hainque B, Cruaud C, Gary F, Labeit S, Bouhour JB, Dubourg O, Desnos M, Hagege AA, Trent RJ, Komajda M, Fiszman M, Schwartz K. Organization and Sequence of Human Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein C Gene (MYBPC3) and Identification of Mutations Predicted to Produce Truncated Proteins in Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Circ Res 1997. [DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000435859.24609.b3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Carrier
- From the Unite de Recherches 153 de l'INSERM (L.C., G.B., E.B., M.F., K.S.), the Service de Biochimie (P.R., F.N., B.H.), the Service de Cardiologie (M.K.), the IFR de Physiopathologie et Genetique Cardiovasculaire (L.C., G.B., P.R., B.H., M.K., M.F., K.S.), and the Groupe Hospitalier Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France; the Service de Cardiologie (J.-B.B.), Hopital de Nantes, (France); the Service de Cardiologie (O.D.), Hopital Ambroise Pare, Boulogne, France; the Service de Cardiologie (M.D., A.A.H.)
| | - Gisele Bonne
- From the Unite de Recherches 153 de l'INSERM (L.C., G.B., E.B., M.F., K.S.), the Service de Biochimie (P.R., F.N., B.H.), the Service de Cardiologie (M.K.), the IFR de Physiopathologie et Genetique Cardiovasculaire (L.C., G.B., P.R., B.H., M.K., M.F., K.S.), and the Groupe Hospitalier Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France; the Service de Cardiologie (J.-B.B.), Hopital de Nantes, (France); the Service de Cardiologie (O.D.), Hopital Ambroise Pare, Boulogne, France; the Service de Cardiologie (M.D., A.A.H.)
| | - Ellen Bahrend
- From the Unite de Recherches 153 de l'INSERM (L.C., G.B., E.B., M.F., K.S.), the Service de Biochimie (P.R., F.N., B.H.), the Service de Cardiologie (M.K.), the IFR de Physiopathologie et Genetique Cardiovasculaire (L.C., G.B., P.R., B.H., M.K., M.F., K.S.), and the Groupe Hospitalier Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France; the Service de Cardiologie (J.-B.B.), Hopital de Nantes, (France); the Service de Cardiologie (O.D.), Hopital Ambroise Pare, Boulogne, France; the Service de Cardiologie (M.D., A.A.H.)
| | - Bing Yu
- From the Unite de Recherches 153 de l'INSERM (L.C., G.B., E.B., M.F., K.S.), the Service de Biochimie (P.R., F.N., B.H.), the Service de Cardiologie (M.K.), the IFR de Physiopathologie et Genetique Cardiovasculaire (L.C., G.B., P.R., B.H., M.K., M.F., K.S.), and the Groupe Hospitalier Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France; the Service de Cardiologie (J.-B.B.), Hopital de Nantes, (France); the Service de Cardiologie (O.D.), Hopital Ambroise Pare, Boulogne, France; the Service de Cardiologie (M.D., A.A.H.)
| | - Pascale Richard
- From the Unite de Recherches 153 de l'INSERM (L.C., G.B., E.B., M.F., K.S.), the Service de Biochimie (P.R., F.N., B.H.), the Service de Cardiologie (M.K.), the IFR de Physiopathologie et Genetique Cardiovasculaire (L.C., G.B., P.R., B.H., M.K., M.F., K.S.), and the Groupe Hospitalier Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France; the Service de Cardiologie (J.-B.B.), Hopital de Nantes, (France); the Service de Cardiologie (O.D.), Hopital Ambroise Pare, Boulogne, France; the Service de Cardiologie (M.D., A.A.H.)
| | - Florence Niel
- From the Unite de Recherches 153 de l'INSERM (L.C., G.B., E.B., M.F., K.S.), the Service de Biochimie (P.R., F.N., B.H.), the Service de Cardiologie (M.K.), the IFR de Physiopathologie et Genetique Cardiovasculaire (L.C., G.B., P.R., B.H., M.K., M.F., K.S.), and the Groupe Hospitalier Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France; the Service de Cardiologie (J.-B.B.), Hopital de Nantes, (France); the Service de Cardiologie (O.D.), Hopital Ambroise Pare, Boulogne, France; the Service de Cardiologie (M.D., A.A.H.)
| | - Bernard Hainque
- From the Unite de Recherches 153 de l'INSERM (L.C., G.B., E.B., M.F., K.S.), the Service de Biochimie (P.R., F.N., B.H.), the Service de Cardiologie (M.K.), the IFR de Physiopathologie et Genetique Cardiovasculaire (L.C., G.B., P.R., B.H., M.K., M.F., K.S.), and the Groupe Hospitalier Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France; the Service de Cardiologie (J.-B.B.), Hopital de Nantes, (France); the Service de Cardiologie (O.D.), Hopital Ambroise Pare, Boulogne, France; the Service de Cardiologie (M.D., A.A.H.)
| | - Corinne Cruaud
- From the Unite de Recherches 153 de l'INSERM (L.C., G.B., E.B., M.F., K.S.), the Service de Biochimie (P.R., F.N., B.H.), the Service de Cardiologie (M.K.), the IFR de Physiopathologie et Genetique Cardiovasculaire (L.C., G.B., P.R., B.H., M.K., M.F., K.S.), and the Groupe Hospitalier Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France; the Service de Cardiologie (J.-B.B.), Hopital de Nantes, (France); the Service de Cardiologie (O.D.), Hopital Ambroise Pare, Boulogne, France; the Service de Cardiologie (M.D., A.A.H.)
| | - Francoise Gary
- From the Unite de Recherches 153 de l'INSERM (L.C., G.B., E.B., M.F., K.S.), the Service de Biochimie (P.R., F.N., B.H.), the Service de Cardiologie (M.K.), the IFR de Physiopathologie et Genetique Cardiovasculaire (L.C., G.B., P.R., B.H., M.K., M.F., K.S.), and the Groupe Hospitalier Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France; the Service de Cardiologie (J.-B.B.), Hopital de Nantes, (France); the Service de Cardiologie (O.D.), Hopital Ambroise Pare, Boulogne, France; the Service de Cardiologie (M.D., A.A.H.)
| | - Siegfried Labeit
- From the Unite de Recherches 153 de l'INSERM (L.C., G.B., E.B., M.F., K.S.), the Service de Biochimie (P.R., F.N., B.H.), the Service de Cardiologie (M.K.), the IFR de Physiopathologie et Genetique Cardiovasculaire (L.C., G.B., P.R., B.H., M.K., M.F., K.S.), and the Groupe Hospitalier Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France; the Service de Cardiologie (J.-B.B.), Hopital de Nantes, (France); the Service de Cardiologie (O.D.), Hopital Ambroise Pare, Boulogne, France; the Service de Cardiologie (M.D., A.A.H.)
| | - Jean-Brieuc Bouhour
- From the Unite de Recherches 153 de l'INSERM (L.C., G.B., E.B., M.F., K.S.), the Service de Biochimie (P.R., F.N., B.H.), the Service de Cardiologie (M.K.), the IFR de Physiopathologie et Genetique Cardiovasculaire (L.C., G.B., P.R., B.H., M.K., M.F., K.S.), and the Groupe Hospitalier Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France; the Service de Cardiologie (J.-B.B.), Hopital de Nantes, (France); the Service de Cardiologie (O.D.), Hopital Ambroise Pare, Boulogne, France; the Service de Cardiologie (M.D., A.A.H.)
| | - Olivier Dubourg
- From the Unite de Recherches 153 de l'INSERM (L.C., G.B., E.B., M.F., K.S.), the Service de Biochimie (P.R., F.N., B.H.), the Service de Cardiologie (M.K.), the IFR de Physiopathologie et Genetique Cardiovasculaire (L.C., G.B., P.R., B.H., M.K., M.F., K.S.), and the Groupe Hospitalier Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France; the Service de Cardiologie (J.-B.B.), Hopital de Nantes, (France); the Service de Cardiologie (O.D.), Hopital Ambroise Pare, Boulogne, France; the Service de Cardiologie (M.D., A.A.H.)
| | - Michel Desnos
- From the Unite de Recherches 153 de l'INSERM (L.C., G.B., E.B., M.F., K.S.), the Service de Biochimie (P.R., F.N., B.H.), the Service de Cardiologie (M.K.), the IFR de Physiopathologie et Genetique Cardiovasculaire (L.C., G.B., P.R., B.H., M.K., M.F., K.S.), and the Groupe Hospitalier Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France; the Service de Cardiologie (J.-B.B.), Hopital de Nantes, (France); the Service de Cardiologie (O.D.), Hopital Ambroise Pare, Boulogne, France; the Service de Cardiologie (M.D., A.A.H.)
| | - Albert A. Hagege
- From the Unite de Recherches 153 de l'INSERM (L.C., G.B., E.B., M.F., K.S.), the Service de Biochimie (P.R., F.N., B.H.), the Service de Cardiologie (M.K.), the IFR de Physiopathologie et Genetique Cardiovasculaire (L.C., G.B., P.R., B.H., M.K., M.F., K.S.), and the Groupe Hospitalier Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France; the Service de Cardiologie (J.-B.B.), Hopital de Nantes, (France); the Service de Cardiologie (O.D.), Hopital Ambroise Pare, Boulogne, France; the Service de Cardiologie (M.D., A.A.H.)
| | - Ronald J. Trent
- From the Unite de Recherches 153 de l'INSERM (L.C., G.B., E.B., M.F., K.S.), the Service de Biochimie (P.R., F.N., B.H.), the Service de Cardiologie (M.K.), the IFR de Physiopathologie et Genetique Cardiovasculaire (L.C., G.B., P.R., B.H., M.K., M.F., K.S.), and the Groupe Hospitalier Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France; the Service de Cardiologie (J.-B.B.), Hopital de Nantes, (France); the Service de Cardiologie (O.D.), Hopital Ambroise Pare, Boulogne, France; the Service de Cardiologie (M.D., A.A.H.)
| | - Michel Komajda
- From the Unite de Recherches 153 de l'INSERM (L.C., G.B., E.B., M.F., K.S.), the Service de Biochimie (P.R., F.N., B.H.), the Service de Cardiologie (M.K.), the IFR de Physiopathologie et Genetique Cardiovasculaire (L.C., G.B., P.R., B.H., M.K., M.F., K.S.), and the Groupe Hospitalier Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France; the Service de Cardiologie (J.-B.B.), Hopital de Nantes, (France); the Service de Cardiologie (O.D.), Hopital Ambroise Pare, Boulogne, France; the Service de Cardiologie (M.D., A.A.H.)
| | - Marc Fiszman
- From the Unite de Recherches 153 de l'INSERM (L.C., G.B., E.B., M.F., K.S.), the Service de Biochimie (P.R., F.N., B.H.), the Service de Cardiologie (M.K.), the IFR de Physiopathologie et Genetique Cardiovasculaire (L.C., G.B., P.R., B.H., M.K., M.F., K.S.), and the Groupe Hospitalier Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France; the Service de Cardiologie (J.-B.B.), Hopital de Nantes, (France); the Service de Cardiologie (O.D.), Hopital Ambroise Pare, Boulogne, France; the Service de Cardiologie (M.D., A.A.H.)
| | - Ketty Schwartz
- From the Unite de Recherches 153 de l'INSERM (L.C., G.B., E.B., M.F., K.S.), the Service de Biochimie (P.R., F.N., B.H.), the Service de Cardiologie (M.K.), the IFR de Physiopathologie et Genetique Cardiovasculaire (L.C., G.B., P.R., B.H., M.K., M.F., K.S.), and the Groupe Hospitalier Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France; the Service de Cardiologie (J.-B.B.), Hopital de Nantes, (France); the Service de Cardiologie (O.D.), Hopital Ambroise Pare, Boulogne, France; the Service de Cardiologie (M.D., A.A.H.)
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17
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Abstract
The application of the techniques of recombinant DNA and molecular biology to molecular genetics has made it possible to identify any disease-related gene in which there is a family of 2 or more generations with 10 or more living affected individuals. Several genes have been identified that are responsible for cardiomyopathies and of particular interest is familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy which is the most common cause of death in the athlete. Pre-screening for genetic abnormalities will be possible prior to the development of symptoms and, ultimately, such testing will also be used to specify the type of exercise to be recommended for different types of athletic training or exercise needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Roberts
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- R Roberts
- Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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19
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Ko YL, Chen JJ, Tang TK, Cheng JJ, Lin SY, Liou YC, Kuan P, Wu CW, Lien WP, Liew CC. Malignant familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a family with a 453Arg-->Cys mutation in the beta-myosin heavy chain gene: coexistence of sudden death and end-stage heart failure. Hum Genet 1996; 97:585-90. [PMID: 8655135 DOI: 10.1007/bf02281865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent genotype-phenotype correlation studies in familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) have revealed that some mutations in the beta- myosin heavy chain (BMHC) gene may be associated with a high incidence of sudden death and a poor prognosis. Coexistence of sudden death and end-stage heart failure in several families with FHC has recently being reported; however, the genetic basis of such families has not been clearly demonstrated. A three-generation Chinese familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) family (family HLI) with two cases of end-stage heart failure and three cases of sudden death was analyzed. The average age of death in the affected members in this family was 34 years old. Genetic linkage analysis using polymorphisms in the (alpha- and beta-myosin heavy chain genes revealed that FHC in this family is significantly linked to the BMHC gene without recombinations. Single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of exons 8, 9 and 13 to 23 in the BMHC gene showed a polymorphic band on exon 14 that is in complete linkage with the disease status in this family. DNA sequencing analysis in the affected members revealed an 453Arg-->Cys mutation in the BMHC gene. To our knowledge this is the first reported mutation of FHC in Chinese. Our data suggest that the 453Arg-->Cys mutation is associated with a malignant clinical course in FHC due not only to sudden death but also to end-stage heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Republic of China
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20
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Poetter K, Jiang H, Hassanzadeh S, Master SR, Chang A, Dalakas MC, Rayment I, Sellers JR, Fananapazir L, Epstein ND. Mutations in either the essential or regulatory light chains of myosin are associated with a rare myopathy in human heart and skeletal muscle. Nat Genet 1996; 13:63-9. [PMID: 8673105 DOI: 10.1038/ng0596-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The muscle myosins and hexomeric proteins consisting of two heavy chains and two pairs of light chains, the latter called essential (ELC) and regulatory (RLC). The light chains stabilize the long alpha helical neck of the myosin head. Their function in striated muscle, however, is only partially understood. We report here the identification of distinct missense mutations in a skeletal/ventricular ELC and RLC, each of which are associated with a rare variant of cardiac hypertrophy as well as abnormal skeletal muscle. We show that myosin containing the mutant ELC has abnormal function, map the mutant residues on the three-dimensional structure of myosin and suggest that the mutations disrupt the stretch activation response of the cardiac papillary muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Poetter
- Inherited Cardiac Diseases Section, NHLBI, NIH. Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1650, USA
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21
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Abstract
Mutations in several muscle structural proteins (the myosin heavy chain, alpha tropomyosin, cardiac troponin T and myosin binding protein C) result in a genetically dominant heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Biochemical data from studies of mutant myosin suggest a dominant-negative mechanism for inheritance of this disease. The most likely primary defect is sarcomere dysfunction, which is followed by the major clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Vikstrom
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309-0347, USA.
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22
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Abstract
HCM is a heterogeneous disease genotypically, phenotypically, pathophysiologically, clinically, and therapeutically. In decisions on the management of these patients, it is important to recognize this heterogeneity and to direct therapy at the predominant abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Wigle
- Division of Cardiology, Toronto Hospital, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Arai S, Matsuoka R, Hirayama K, Sakurai H, Tamura M, Ozawa T, Kimura M, Imamura S, Furutani Y, Joh-o K. Missense mutation of the beta-cardiac myosin heavy-chain gene in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1995; 58:267-76. [PMID: 8533830 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320580314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy occurs as an autosomal dominant familial disorder or as a sporadic disease without familial involvement. We describe a missense mutation of the beta-cardiac myosin heavy chain (MHC) gene, a G to T transversion (741 Gly-->Trp) identified by direct sequencing of exon 20 in four individuals affected with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Three individuals with sporadic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, whose parents are clinically and genetically unaffected, had sequence variations of exon 34 of the alpha-cardiac MHC gene (a C to T transversion, 1658 Asp-->Asp, resulting in FokI site polymorphism), of intron 33 of the alpha-cardiac MHC gene (a G to A and an A to T transversion), and also of intron 14 of the beta-cardiac MHC gene (a C to T transversion in a patient with Noonan syndrome). Including our case, 30 missense mutations of the beta-cardiac MHC gene in 49 families have been reported thus far worldwide. Almost all are located in the region of the gene coding for the globular head of the molecule, and only one mutation was found in both Caucasian and Japanese families. Missense mutations of the beta-cardiac MHC gene in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may therefore differ according to race.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arai
- Heart Institute of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/genetics
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15
- Genes, Dominant
- Genotype
- Humans
- Mutation
- Myosins/genetics
- Phenotype
- Tropomyosin/genetics
- Troponin/genetics
- Troponin T
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Marian
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex 77030, USA
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25
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Marian AJ, Yu QT, Mann DL, Graham FL, Roberts R. Expression of a mutation causing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy disrupts sarcomere assembly in adult feline cardiac myocytes. Circ Res 1995; 77:98-106. [PMID: 7788887 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.77.1.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the beta-myosin heavy chain (beta MyHC) induce hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), cardiac hypertrophy, and sarcomere disarray, with the latter being the characteristic hallmark. Thus, we sought to determine whether expression of mutant beta MyHC in adult feline cardiac myocytes, a species known to develop HCM with a phenotype identical to that in humans, induces sarcomere disarray. A full-length beta MyHC cDNA was cloned from a human heart cDNA library, and an HCM-causing mutation (Arg403Gln) was induced in the beta MyHC cDNA by site-directed mutagenesis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The normal and mutant beta MyHC cDNAs were cloned into p delta E1spIB shuttle vector, downstream from a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. Replication-deficient recombinant adenoviral constructs (Ad5/CMV/beta MyHC-N and Ad5/CMV/beta MyHC-403) were generated through homologous recombination of p delta E1spIB/CMV/beta MyHC-N or Ad5/CMV/beta MyHC-403 and pBHG10 after cotransfection in 293 host cells. Infection of COS-1 cells with the beta MyHC construct resulted in the expression of a full-length myosin protein. Efficiency of infection of isolated adult cardiac myocytes was > 95%. Expression of the beta MyHC constructs into mRNA at 48 hours after infection of feline cardiac myocytes was confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR. The net total protein and beta-myosin synthesis were determined by using the amount of incorporation of [3H]phenylalanine into total protein and beta-myosin, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Marian
- Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex. 77030, USA
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26
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Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is phenotypically and genotypically a heterogeneous disease. Since 1989, four chromosomal loci have been identified for HCM and the genes residing on three of these have been identified as beta-myosin heavy chain (beta-MHC), cardiac troponin-T and alpha-tropomyosin. These genes code for sarcomeric proteins and exhibit the same phenotype, suggesting that HCM is a disease of the sarcomere. Over 40 missense mutations and one deletion of the beta-MHC gene have been identified. Similarly, missense mutations in the alpha-tropomyosin gene and the cardiac troponin-T gene have been identified. From genetic studies, including de novo mutations, it is established that these mutations are indeed responsible for HCM. The molecular basis of the pathogenesis of the cardiac hypertrophy appears to be a compensatory response to the primary defect. In addition to providing a definitive presymptomatic diagnosis, studies correlating beta-MHC mutations with clinical prognosis suggest they have significant predictive value and can be helpful in genetic counselling and medical management. Dilated cardiomiopathies (DCM), the most common form of cardiomyopathies, have an estimated prevalence of nearly 40 per 100,000 individuals, and are the most common cause for cardiac transplantation in the United States. Familial dilated cardiomyopathy is thought to account for approximately 20% of the so-called cases of idiopathic DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Durand
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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27
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Watkins H, McKenna WJ, Thierfelder L, Suk HJ, Anan R, O'Donoghue A, Spirito P, Matsumori A, Moravec CS, Seidman JG. Mutations in the genes for cardiac troponin T and alpha-tropomyosin in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 1995; 332:1058-64. [PMID: 7898523 DOI: 10.1056/nejm199504203321603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 612] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can be caused by mutations in the genes for beta cardiac myosin heavy chain, alpha-tropomyosin, or cardiac troponin T. It is not known how often the disease is caused by mutations in the tropomyosin and troponin genes, and the associated clinical phenotypes have not been carefully studied. METHODS Linkage between polymorphisms of the alpha-tropomyosin gene or the cardiac troponin T gene and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was assessed in 27 families. In addition, 100 probands were screened for mutations in the alpha-tropomyosin gene, and 26 were screened for mutations in the cardiac troponin T gene. Life expectancy, the incidence of sudden death, and the extent of left ventricular hypertrophy were compared in patients with different mutations. RESULTS Genetic analyses identified only one alpha-tropomyosin mutation, identical to one previously described. Five novel mutations in cardiac troponin were identified, as well as a further example of a previously described mutation. The clinical phenotype of four troponin T mutations in seven unrelated families was similar and was characterized by a poor prognosis (life expectancy, approximately 35 years) and a high incidence of sudden death. The mean (+/- SD) maximal thickness of the left ventricular wall in subjects with cardiac troponin T mutations (16.7 +/- 5.5 mm) was significantly less than that in subjects with beta cardiac myosin heavy-chain mutations (23.7 +/- 7.7 mm, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Mutations in alpha-tropomyosin are a rare cause of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, accounting for approximately 3 percent of cases. Mutations in cardiac troponin T account for approximately 15 percent of cases of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in this referral-center population. These mutations are characterized by relatively mild and sometimes subclinical hypertrophy but a high incidence of sudden death. Genetic testing may therefore be especially important in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Watkins
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA
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28
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Marian AJ. Sudden cardiac death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: from bench to bedside with an emphasis on genetic markers. Clin Cardiol 1995; 18:189-98. [PMID: 7788945 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960180403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common cause of death in the young, particularly in young competitive athletes. Death often occurs suddenly in asymptomatic, apparently healthy individuals. Several clinical parameters as well as genetic factors have been characterized that can identify those HCM patients who are at high risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD). The clinical parameters that have some predictive values for SCD in HCM patients are the following: a prior history of SCD, a family history of SCD, history of syncope, symptomatic ventricular tachycardia on Holter monitoring, inducible ventricular tachycardia during electrophysiologic studies, and myocardial ischemia in children with HCM. Recent identification of mutations in the beta myosin heavy chain gene and genotype-phenotype correlation in HCM patients have shown that the beta myosin heavy chain mutations are also prognosticators in HCM families. Several mutations such as Arg403Gln and Arg719Gln are associated with a high incidence of SCD, while Leu908Val mutation is associated with a benign course and a low incidence of SCD in HCM families. Additional genetic factors such as a polymorphism in angiotensin-converting enzyme I gene may also contribute to a high incidence of SCD in HCM families. Identification and characterization of HCM patients at high risk for SCD provide the opportunity to render prophylactic therapeutic interventions, such as implantation of defibrillators, in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Marian
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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29
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Eldin P, Le Cunff M, Mornet D, Leger JJ. The cardiac myosin heavy chain Arg-403-->Gln mutation that causes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy does not affect the actin- or ATP-binding capacities of two size-limited recombinant myosin heavy chain fragments. Biochem J 1995; 306 ( Pt 2):345-51. [PMID: 7887887 PMCID: PMC1136527 DOI: 10.1042/bj3060345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to investigate the potential functional consequences of myosin heavy chain (MHC) mutations identified in patients with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. We observed the presence of a mutated beta-MHC mRNA in a formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded myocardial tissue of a proband from family A, which Geisterfer-Lowrance et al. [Geisterfer-Lowrance, Kass, Tanigawa, Vosberg, McKenna, Seidman and Seidman (1990) Cell 62, 999-1006] identified as carrying the Arg-403 to Gln mutation. Recombinant DNA methods were then used to obtain size-limited, soluble and undenatured fragments of mutated myosin subfragment 1 focused around the 403 mutation. The present analysis indicated that the 403 mutation did not quantitatively alter the actin- or ATP-binding capacities of two 246-residue or 524-residue-long recombinant MHC fragments containing this mutation. The absence of any apparent impact of the 403 mutation in the recombinant MHC fragments on interactions between actin and ATP is discussed in relation to numerous biochemical and structural reports which demonstrate the crucial role of the central MHC segment, where the 403 mutation occurs, in myosin functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Eldin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U300, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
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30
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Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is genetically and phenotypically a heterogeneous disease. Genes identified include the beta myosin heavy chain gene (beta MHC) on chromosome 14q1, the troponin T gene on chromosome 1q, and the alpha tropomyosin gene on chromosome 15q. In addition, a fourth locus is present on chromosome 11q11, but the gene remains to be identified. More than 35 missense mutations in the beta MHC, 3 mutations in troponin T, and 2 mutations in alpha tropomyosin gene in HCM patients have been identified. Functional studies have shown that the mutant beta MHC protein has impaired actomyosin interaction and that expression of the mutant myosin disrupts the assembly of sarcomere in feline cardiocytes. Genotype-phenotype correlations of beta MHC mutations have shown that mutations such as Arg403Gln, Arg453Cys, and Arg719Trp are associated with a high incidence of sudden cardiac death and a significantly decreased life expectancy, whereas mutations Gly256Glu and Leu908Val have a near-normal life span. Preclinical genetic diagnosis should help in genetic counseling and therapeutic stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Marian
- Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- K Schwartz
- Unité de Recherches, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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32
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Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common and important cause of morbidity and mortality. Many factors can contribute to the development of this disorder, although most commonly the etiology is unexplained. However, recent studies in individuals with idiopathic DCM now reveal a heritable cause in 20-30% of individuals. Diverse modes of inheritance have been demonstrated, encompassing an autosomal dominant type (by far the most common), together with recessive and X-linked forms, and maternal inheritance through mitochondrial DNA. The hereditary forms of DCM (HDCM) predominantly affect the left ventricle, although inherited abnormalities affecting primarily the right ventricle also are described. HDCM may occur as a primary cardiomyopathy, or secondary to inherited systemic metabolic or neuromuscular disorders. The causative genes for primary HDCM of the autosomal dominant and recessive types have not yet been discovered, but the combination of family pedigree analysis and phenotyping by echocardiography, together with new genetic techniques, should now allow their identification. Knowledge of the gene or genes responsible for HDCM would improve diagnostic accuracy, facilitate genetic counseling, advance understanding of pathogenesis, and provide the starting point for new methods of treatment. Because of the frequently heritable nature of DCM, it is of great importance that a diligent search for all potentially affected family members be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R McMinn
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093
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33
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Molecular Analysis of Genotype/Phenotype Correlations of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-1237-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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34
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/genetics
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosome Disorders
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15
- Genes, Dominant
- Humans
- Mice
- Myosins/genetics
- Point Mutation
- Prognosis
- Tropomyosin/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- H Watkins
- Cardiology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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al-Mahdawi S, Chamberlain S, Chojnowska L, Michalak E, Nihoyannopoulos P, Ryan M, Kusnierczyk B, French JA, Gilligan DM, Cleland J. The electrocardiogram is a more sensitive indicator than echocardiography of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in families with a mutation in the MYH7 gene. BRITISH HEART JOURNAL 1994; 72:105-11. [PMID: 7848420 PMCID: PMC1025469 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.72.2.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the cardiac beta myosin heavy chain gene causing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have been identified, and to assist both diagnosis and prediction of outcome attempts have been made to correlate phenotype and genotype. Two new mutations in codon 403 of the gene in three unrelated families are described and attention drawn to variable or even absent phenotypic expression in different family members. METHODS AND RESULTS The polymerase chain reaction and heteroduplex analysis on Mutation Detection Enhancement gels were used to search for mutations in the globular head of the beta myosin heavy chain gene in families with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Two mutations were found in exon 13 (codon 403) of the gene. In two unrelated Polish families the mutation resulted in the conversion of arginine to tryptophan (CGG: >TGG). A second mutation, found in a British family, converted the same arginine to leucine (CGG: >CTG). These mutations were detected in family members who had electrocardiographic and echocardiographic features typical of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; however, they were also detected in 7 other adult relatives with an abnormal electrocardiogram but a normal echocardiogram. Two unrelated adult relatives had completely normal clinical findings but carried the gene mutation. CONCLUSIONS Identification of a specific mutation gives no guide to the clinical phenotype. There is considerable variability in the phenotypic expression of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Mutations were detected in adults previously regarded as normal or in whom the diagnosis was questionable. The fact that the clinical significance of the mutation in these people is still unknown emphasises the dilemma facing screening programmes. Isolated, unexplained electrocardiographic abnormalities in first degree relatives in a family with a definitive diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy should be regarded as evidence of a carrier state.
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Affiliation(s)
- S al-Mahdawi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, St Mary's Hospital Medical School, Imperial College, London
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Marian AJ, Roberts R. Molecular basis of hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy. Tex Heart Inst J 1994; 21:6-15. [PMID: 8180512 PMCID: PMC325126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a heterogeneous disease with autosomal dominant Mendelian inheritance. In 1989, the 1st locus for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was mapped to cardiac myosin genes located on chromosome 14q1. Soon, several mutations that cosegregated with inheritance of the disease were identified in the beta-myosin heavy chain gene, or MHY7. More than 30 missense mutations and 1 deletion mutation in the beta-myosin heavy chain gene have since been described. Recently, expression of both the mutant beta-myosin heavy chain mRNA and the mutant protein has been shown in the cardiac and skeletal muscles of individuals with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Characterization of the clinical features of beta-myosin heavy chain mutations has shown that certain mutations, such as Arg403Gln and Arg719Trp mutations, are associated with high rate of sudden cardiac death. In addition to the beta-myosin heavy chain gene, 3 new loci for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have recently been described, but the candidate genes have not yet been identified. Dilated cardiomyopathy can be inherited as an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked disease. The familial form of dilated cardiomyopathy comprises approximately 20% of the cases of idiopathic cardiomyopathy. Echocardiographic abnormalities such as left ventricular enlargement are present in 10% of asymptomatic relatives. No gene for familial dilated cardiomyopathy has been identified, but linkage studies using polymorphic, short-tandem repeat markers are ongoing. Dilated cardiomyopathy is a common manifestation of Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy. Heart failure is a common cause of death in the affected individuals. The gene responsible for this disease is the dystrophin gene located on X chromosome. There have been reports in these patients of several dystrophin-gene deletion mutations, which result in a decrease in the expression of the dystrophin protein in the cardiac and skeletal tissues. X-linked cardiomyopathy, in which the disease is restricted to the heart, has also been linked to the dystrophin gene. Myotonic dystrophy is an autosomal dominant disease that commonly involves the myocardium and the conduction tissue, resulting in conduction defects and heart failure. Sudden cardiac death is the most common cause of mortality in patients with myotonic dystrophy. Recently, the myotonin protein kinase gene located on chromosome 19 was identified as the gene responsible for this disease. Expansion of the number of trinucleotide repeats in the myotonin protein kinase gene results in myotonic dystrophy. Mutations in mitochondrial DNA have been associated with hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy. The inheritance of mitochondrial cardiomyopathy is maternal and the disease is associated with certain systemic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Marian
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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Anan R, Greve G, Thierfelder L, Watkins H, McKenna WJ, Solomon S, Vecchio C, Shono H, Nakao S, Tanaka H. Prognostic implications of novel beta cardiac myosin heavy chain gene mutations that cause familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Clin Invest 1994; 93:280-5. [PMID: 8282798 PMCID: PMC293763 DOI: 10.1172/jci116957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Three novel beta cardiac myosin heavy chain (MHC) gene missense mutations, Phe513Cys, Gly716Arg, and Arg719Trp, which cause familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) are described. One mutation in exon 15 (Phe513Cys) does not alter the charge of the encoded amino acid, and affected family members have a near normal life expectancy. The Gly716Arg mutation (exon 19; charge change of +1) causes FHC in three family members, one of whom underwent transplantation for heart failure. The Arg719Trp mutation (exon 19; charge change of -1) was found in four unrelated FHC families with a high incidence of premature death and an average life expectancy in affected individuals of 38 yr. A comparable high frequency of disease-related deaths in four families with the Arg719Trp mutation suggests that this specific gene defect directly accounts for the observed malignant phenotype. Further, the significantly different life expectancies associated with the Arg719Trp vs. Phe513Cys mutation (P < 0.001) support the hypothesis that mutations which alter the charge of the encoded amino acid affect survival more significantly than those that produce a conservative amino acid change.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Anan
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Dausse E, Komajda M, Fetler L, Dubourg O, Dufour C, Carrier L, Wisnewsky C, Bercovici J, Hengstenberg C, al-Mahdawi S. Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Microsatellite haplotyping and identification of a hot spot for mutations in the beta-myosin heavy chain gene. J Clin Invest 1993; 92:2807-13. [PMID: 8254035 PMCID: PMC288481 DOI: 10.1172/jci116900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease. The first identified disease gene, located on chromosome 14q11-q12, encodes the beta-myosin heavy chain. We have performed linkage analysis of two French FHC pedigrees, 720 and 730, with two microsatellite markers located in the beta-myosin heavy chain gene (MYO I and MYO II) and with four highly informative markers, recently mapped to chromosome 14q11-q12. Significant linkage was found with MYO I and MYO II in pedigree 720, but results were not conclusive for pedigree 730. Haplotype analysis of the six markers allowed identification of affected individuals and of some unaffected subjects carrying the disease gene. Two novel missense mutations were identified in exon 13 by direct sequencing, 403Arg-->Leu and 403Arg-->Trp in families 720 and 730, respectively. The 403Arg-->Leu mutation was associated with incomplete penetrance, a high incidence of sudden deaths and severe cardiac events, whereas the consequences of the 403Arg-->Trp mutation appeared less severe. Haplotyping of polymorphic markers in close linkage to the beta-myosin heavy chain gene can, thus, provide rapid analysis of non informative pedigrees and rapid detection of carrier status. Our results also indicate that codon 403 of the beta-myosin heavy chain gene is a hot spot for mutations causing FHC.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/mortality
- Cause of Death
- Child
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14
- DNA, Satellite/analysis
- DNA, Satellite/genetics
- Exons
- Female
- Genetic Linkage
- Genetic Markers
- Haplotypes
- Humans
- Lod Score
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Myosins/genetics
- Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes/genetics
- Pedigree
- Point Mutation
- Recombination, Genetic
- Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dausse
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Médicale, U127, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
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Yu QT, Ifegwu J, Marian AJ, Mares A, Hill R, Perryman MB, Bachinski LL, Roberts R, Marlan AJ. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutation is expressed in messenger RNA of skeletal as well as cardiac muscle. Circulation 1993; 87:406-12. [PMID: 8425289 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.87.2.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The beta-myosin heavy chain (beta-MHC) gene has been identified as a major locus for familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHCM). We recently showed that one of the common mutations associated with FHCM is expressed in the cardiac muscle messenger RNA (mRNA) of an affected individual. Since beta-MHC is a major sarcomeric protein of cardiac and skeletal muscle, studies were performed to determine whether the mutation is also expressed in skeletal muscle. METHODS AND RESULTS Biopsies were obtained of skeletal muscle (biceps brachii) from a proband with FHCM known to have the missense mutation in exon 13 of the beta-MHC gene. RNA was extracted from skeletal muscle and lymphocytes by the RNAzol method. First-strand complementary DNA was synthesized by reverse transcription using an antisense primer to exon 16. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using primers to exons 12 and 14 to amplify the segment encompassing exon 13. The PCR products were digested with Ddel restriction endonuclease. Undigested PCR product in the control and the proband was 321 base-pairs (bp). Ddel digestion of the PCR product from normal skeletal and lymphocytes showed two DNA fragments of 181 and 140 bp as expected, whereas digestion of the PCR product from the proband's skeletal muscle and lymphocytes showed four DNA fragments of 181, 149, 140, and 32 bp due to the mutation in exon 13. This indicates that the mutation in affected individuals is also expressed in the mRNA of skeletal muscle and lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first documentation of a beta-MHC gene mutation expressed in skeletal muscle. This finding is provocative. Does it impair skeletal muscle function? If so, how? If not, why not? Is the impairment, or lack of it, a clue to the molecular defect of cardiac muscle? Furthermore, skeletal muscle provides a readily accessible source of mRNA for expression studies and for purification of the beta-MHC protein, which is probably essential to future investigation designed to unravel the molecular basis of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q T Yu
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
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Marian AJ, Yu QT, Mares A, Hill R, Roberts R, Perryman MB. Detection of a new mutation in the beta-myosin heavy chain gene in an individual with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Clin Invest 1993; 90:2156-65. [PMID: 1361491 PMCID: PMC443366 DOI: 10.1172/jci116101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHCM) is an autosomal dominant disease affecting primarily the myocardium. The gene responsible for FHCM has been localized to chromosome 14 in some families and several mutations have been described in the beta-myosin heavy chain (beta MHC), a candidate gene for the disease. We recently identified a family with HCM in whom we did not detect any of the known mutations in the beta MHC gene (the alpha/beta MHC hybrid gene and the missense mutation in exons 13 and 9). However, we did observe a novel 9.5-kb BamHI restriction fragment length polymorphism detected by a beta MHC probe on Southern blots of DNA from the proband of this family. Similarly, a novel 3.8-kb TaqI polymorphism and a novel 4.3-kb HindIII polymorphism were detected on Southern blots of DNA from the same proband. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the segment of the beta MHC that was detected by pSC14 probe. PCR amplification of the distal 3'-end of the beta MHC gene yielded an additional product in the DNA template from the proband which was subsequently cloned and sequenced. The sequence analysis showed a 2.4-kb nucleotide deletion involving one allele of the beta MHC gene. The deletion includes part of the intron 39, exon 40 including the 3'-untranslated region and the polyadenylation signal, and part of the beta-alpha MHC intergenic region. This deletion was inherited in Mendelian fashion in an additional three members of this small family of which only the proband has developed clinically diagnosed HCM at a very late onset (age 59 yr), the other three family members are younger and have not developed the disease at the ages of 10, 32, and 33 yr.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Marian
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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