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Pinilla-González V, Rojas-Solé C, Gómez-Hevia F, González-Fernández T, Cereceda-Cornejo A, Chichiarelli S, Saso L, Rodrigo R. Tapping into Nature's Arsenal: Harnessing the Potential of Natural Antioxidants for Human Health and Disease Prevention. Foods 2024; 13:1999. [PMID: 38998505 PMCID: PMC11241326 DOI: 10.3390/foods13131999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous natural antioxidants commonly found in our daily diet have demonstrated significant benefits for human health and various diseases by counteracting the impact of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Their chemical properties enable a range of biological actions, including antihypertensive, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and anticancer effects. Despite promising outcomes from preclinical studies, ongoing debate persists regarding their reproducibility in human clinical models. This controversy largely stems from a lack of understanding of the pharmacokinetic properties of these compounds, coupled with the predominant focus on monotherapies in research, neglecting potential synergistic effects arising from combining different antioxidants. This study aims to provide an updated overview of natural antioxidants, operating under the hypothesis that a multitherapeutic approach surpasses monotherapy in efficacy. Additionally, this study underscores the importance of integrating these antioxidants into the daily diet, as they have the potential to prevent the onset and progression of various diseases. To reinforce this perspective, clinical findings pertaining to the treatment and prevention of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and conditions associated with ischemia and reperfusion phenomena, including myocardial infarction, postoperative atrial fibrillation, and stroke, are presented as key references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Pinilla-González
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (V.P.-G.); (C.R.-S.); (F.G.-H.); (T.G.-F.); (A.C.-C.)
| | - Catalina Rojas-Solé
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (V.P.-G.); (C.R.-S.); (F.G.-H.); (T.G.-F.); (A.C.-C.)
| | - Francisca Gómez-Hevia
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (V.P.-G.); (C.R.-S.); (F.G.-H.); (T.G.-F.); (A.C.-C.)
| | - Tommy González-Fernández
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (V.P.-G.); (C.R.-S.); (F.G.-H.); (T.G.-F.); (A.C.-C.)
| | - Antonia Cereceda-Cornejo
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (V.P.-G.); (C.R.-S.); (F.G.-H.); (T.G.-F.); (A.C.-C.)
| | - Silvia Chichiarelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi-Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ramón Rodrigo
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (V.P.-G.); (C.R.-S.); (F.G.-H.); (T.G.-F.); (A.C.-C.)
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Engel Sällberg A, Helleberg S, Ahmed S, Ahmed A, Rådegran G. Plasma tumour necrosis factor-alpha-related proteins in prognosis of heart failure with pulmonary hypertension. ESC Heart Fail 2023; 10:3582-3591. [PMID: 37772417 PMCID: PMC10682849 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Patients with heart failure (HF) exhibit poor prognosis, which is further deteriorated by pulmonary hypertension (PH), with negative impact on morbidity and mortality. As PH due to left HF (LHF-PH) is among the most common causes of PH, there is an urge according to the 2021 European Society of Cardiology HF guidelines to find new biomarkers that aid in prognostication of this patient cohort. Given the role of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in HF progression, we aimed to investigate the prognostic value of plasma proteins related to TNF-α in patients with LHF-PH, in relation to haemodynamic changes following heart transplantation (HT). METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty TNF-α-related plasma proteins were analysed using proximity extension assay in healthy controls (n = 20) and patients with LHF-PH (n = 67), before and 1 year after HT (n = 19). Plasma levels were compared between the groups, and the prognostic values were determined using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. Plasma levels of lymphotoxin-beta receptor (LTBR), TNF receptor superfamily member 6B (TNFRSF6B), and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptors 1 and 2 (TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2, respectively) were higher in LHF-PH pre-HT vs. controls (P < 0.0001), as well as higher in pre-HT vs. post-HT (P < 0.001). The elevated pre-HT levels of LTBR, TNFRSF6B, TRAIL-R1, and TRAIL-R2 decreased towards the levels of healthy controls after HT. Higher preoperative levels of LTBR, TNFRSF6B, TRAIL-R1, and TRAIL-R2 in LHF-PH were associated with worse survival rates (P < 0.002). In multivariate Cox regression models, each adjusted for age and sex, LTBR, TNFRSF6B, TRAIL-R1, and TRAIL-R2 predicted mortality (P < 0.002) [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.12 (1.04-1.19), 1.01 (1.004-1.02), 1.28 (1.14-1.42), and 1.03 (1.02-1.04), respectively]. CONCLUSIONS Elevated pre-HT plasma levels of the TNF-α-related proteins LTBR, TNFRSF6B, TRAIL-R1, and TRAIL-R2 in LHF-PH decreased 1 year after HT, displaying a normalization pattern towards the levels of the healthy controls. These proteins were also prognostic, where higher levels were associated with worse survival rates in LHF-PH, providing new insight in their potential role as prognostic biomarkers. Larger studies are warranted to validate our findings and to investigate their possible pathobiological mechanisms in LHF-PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Engel Sällberg
- The Section for Cardiology, Department of Clinical Sciences LundLund UniversityLundSweden
- The Haemodynamic Lab, The Section for Heart Failure and Valvular Disease, VO Heart and Lung MedicineSkåne University HospitalLundSweden
| | - Sara Helleberg
- The Section for Cardiology, Department of Clinical Sciences LundLund UniversityLundSweden
- The Haemodynamic Lab, The Section for Heart Failure and Valvular Disease, VO Heart and Lung MedicineSkåne University HospitalLundSweden
| | - Salaheldin Ahmed
- The Section for Cardiology, Department of Clinical Sciences LundLund UniversityLundSweden
- The Haemodynamic Lab, The Section for Heart Failure and Valvular Disease, VO Heart and Lung MedicineSkåne University HospitalLundSweden
| | - Abdulla Ahmed
- The Section for Cardiology, Department of Clinical Sciences LundLund UniversityLundSweden
- The Haemodynamic Lab, The Section for Heart Failure and Valvular Disease, VO Heart and Lung MedicineSkåne University HospitalLundSweden
| | - Göran Rådegran
- The Section for Cardiology, Department of Clinical Sciences LundLund UniversityLundSweden
- The Haemodynamic Lab, The Section for Heart Failure and Valvular Disease, VO Heart and Lung MedicineSkåne University HospitalLundSweden
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Zhan Y, Yue H, Zhao X, Tang J, Wu Z. Colchicine in atrial fibrillation: are old trees in bloom? Front Physiol 2023; 14:1260774. [PMID: 37916222 PMCID: PMC10616799 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1260774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Colchicine is a widely used drug that was originally used to treat gout and rheumatic diseases. In recent years, colchicine has shown high potential in the cardiovascular field. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a cardiovascular disease with a high incidence. One of the most frequent complications following cardiovascular surgery is postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF), which affects patient health and disease burden. This article reviews the research status of colchicine in AF and summarizes the relevant progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Zhan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Honghua Yue
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueshan Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Tang
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion School of Teaching, Hospital of Chengdu, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhong Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Grillo TG, Silveira CFDSMP, Quaglio AEV, Dutra RDM, Baima JP, Bazan SGZ, Sassaki LY. Acute heart failure as an adverse event of tumor necrosis factor inhibitor therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: A review of the literature. World J Cardiol 2023; 15:217-228. [PMID: 37274378 PMCID: PMC10237008 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v15.i5.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (anti-TNFs) are widely used therapies for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD); however, their administration is not risk-free. Heart failure (HF), although rare, is a potential adverse event related to administration of these medications. However, the exact mechanism of development of HF remains obscure. TNFα is found in both healthy and damaged hearts. Its effects are concentration- and receptor-dependent, promoting either cardio-protection or cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Experimental rat models with TNFα receptor knockout showed increased survival rates, less reactive oxygen species formation, and improved diastolic left ventricle pressure. However, clinical trials employing anti-TNF therapy to treat HF had disappointing results, suggesting abolishment of the cardioprotective properties of TNFα, making cardiomyocytes susceptible to apoptosis and oxidation. Thus, patients with IBD who have risk factors should be screened for HF before initiating anti-TNF therapy. This review aims to discuss adverse events associated with the administration of anti-TNF therapy, with a focus on HF, and propose some approaches to avoid cardiac adverse events in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Gagno Grillo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Botucatu 18618686, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Elisa Valencise Quaglio
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Botucatu 18618689, Brazil
| | - Renata de Medeiros Dutra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Botucatu 18618686, Brazil
| | - Julio Pinheiro Baima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Botucatu 18618686, Brazil
| | - Silmeia Garcia Zanati Bazan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Botucatu 18618686, Brazil
| | - Ligia Yukie Sassaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Botucatu 18618686, Brazil
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Yuzefpolskaya M, Bohn B, Ladanyi A, Khoruts A, Colombo PC, Demmer RT. Oral and gut microbiome alterations in heart failure: Epidemiology, pathogenesis and response to advanced heart failure therapies. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023; 42:291-300. [PMID: 36586790 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in therapies, heart failure (HF) remains a progressive disease that, once advanced, is associated with significant death and disability. Cardiac replacement therapies with left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and heart transplantation (HT) are the only treatment options for advanced HF, while lifesaving they can also be lifespan limiting due to the associated complications. Systemic inflammation is mechanistically important in HF pathophysiology and progression. However, directly targeting inflammation in HF has not been beneficial thus far. These failed attempts at therapeutics might be related to our limited understanding of the factors that cause inflammation in HF, and, therefore, to our inability to investigate these triggers in interventional studies. Observational studies have consistently demonstrated associations between alterations in the digestive (gut and oral) microbiome, inflammation and HF risk and progression. Additionally, recent data indicate that these microbial perturbations persist following LVAD and HT, along with residual inflammation and oxidative stress. Furthermore, there is rising recognition of the critical contribution of the microbiome to the metabolism of immunosuppressive drugs after HT. Cumulatively, these findings might posit a mechanistic link between microbiome alterations, systemic inflammation, and adverse outcomes in HF patients before and after cardiac replacement therapies. This review (1) provides an update on available data linking changes in digestive tract microbiota, inflammation, and oxidative stress, to HF pathogenesis and progression; (2) describes evolution of these relationships following LVAD and HT; and (3) outlines present and future intervention strategies that can manipulate the microbiome and possibly modify HF disease trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melana Yuzefpolskaya
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York.
| | - Bruno Bohn
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Annamaria Ladanyi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York
| | - Alexander Khoruts
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Paolo C Colombo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York
| | - Ryan T Demmer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Division of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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Rosenblum SL. Inflammation, dysregulated iron metabolism, and cardiovascular disease. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1124178. [PMID: 36816471 PMCID: PMC9935942 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1124178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential trace element associated with both pathologic deficiency and toxic overload. Thus, systemic and cell iron metabolism are highly controlled processes regulated by protein expression and localization, as well as turnover, through the action of cytokines and iron status. Iron metabolism in the heart is challenging because both iron overload and deficiency are associated with cardiac disease. Also associated with cardiovascular disease is inflammation, as many cardiac diseases are caused by or include an inflammatory component. In addition, iron metabolism and inflammation are closely linked. Hepcidin, the master regulator of systemic iron metabolism, is induced by the cytokine IL-6 and as such is among the acute phase proteins secreted by the liver as part of the inflammatory response. In an inflammatory state, systemic iron homeostasis is dysregulated, commonly resulting in hypoferremia, or low serum iron. Less well characterized is cardiac iron metabolism in general, and even less is known about how inflammation impacts heart iron handling. This review highlights what is known with respect to iron metabolism in the heart. Expression of iron metabolism-related proteins and processes of iron uptake and efflux in these cell types are outlined. Evidence for the strong co-morbid relationship between inflammation and cardiac disease is also reviewed. Known connections between inflammatory processes and iron metabolism in the heart are discussed with the goal of linking inflammation and iron metabolism in this tissue, a connection that has been relatively under-appreciated as a component of heart function in an inflammatory state. Therapeutic options connecting inflammation and iron balance are emphasized, with the main goal of this review being to bring attention to alterations in iron balance as a component of inflammatory diseases of the cardiovascular system.
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Zan Y, Wang J, Wang W, Cui T, Xu K, Li Y, Huang X, Zhang Y, Wei N, Xing X. Inflammatory cytokines and their correlations with different left ventricular geometries and functions in PHT patients. Echocardiography 2022; 39:1589-1600. [PMID: 36376258 DOI: 10.1111/echo.15495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate relationships between hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α), interleukin-17A (IL-17A), and interferon -γ (IFN-γ), with left ventricular geometry (LVG) and function in patients with primary hypertension (PHT). METHODS A total of 396 PHT patients were assigned into four groups: Normal Geometry (NG), Concentric Remodeling (CR), Eccentric Hypertrophy (EH), and Concentric Hypertrophy (CH). The correlation between hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-17A, IFN-γ, and clinical, biochemical parameters were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis and Logistic regression. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the clinical values of hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-17A, and IFN-γ for abnormal LVG prediction. RESULTS NG, CR, EH, and CH group all presented increasingly higher levels of Hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-17A, and IFN-γ, and the increase was the most prominent in the CH group. Pearson correlation analysis showed that hs-CRP, IL-17A, and IFN-γ were all positively correlated with LASct. Hs-CRP, TNF-α, and IL-17A were all negatively correlated with GLS, LASr, and LAScd. However, IFN-γ was only negatively correlated with GLS and LAScd. Logistic regression analysis showed that hs-CRP and IL-17A were independently correlated with CR; hs-CRP, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-17A were independently correlated with EH and CH. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of hs-CRP was 0.816. When the optimal diagnostic threshold of hs-CRP was 3.04 mg/L, the sensitivity and specificity of the abnormal LVG were 72.1% and 81.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION In PHT patients, hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-17A, and IFN-γ were correlated with abnormal LVG and left ventricular function, suggesting that inflammatory cytokines may be involved in the process of PHT-induced abnormal left ventricular structure and function. In addition, hs-CRP can be used as a health screening index for patients at high risk of abnormal LVG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zan
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Integrated, Shanxi International Travel Health Care Center, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tong Cui
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yiying Li
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaochun Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanjing Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Na Wei
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xueqing Xing
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Majonga ED, Yindom LM, Hameiri-Bowen D, Mayini J, Rehman AM, Kaski JP, Mujuru HA, Rowland-Jones SL, Ferrand RA. Proinflammatory and cardiovascular biomarkers are associated with echocardiographic abnormalities in children with HIV taking antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2022; 36:2129-2137. [PMID: 36001499 PMCID: PMC7614876 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Children with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) and taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) have a high prevalence of subclinical cardiac disease. We hypothesized that cardiac disease may be a consequence of dysregulated systemic immune activation driven by HIV infection. We examined cardiovascular and proinflammatory biomarkers and their association with echocardiographic abnormalities in children with PHIV. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of soluble biomarkers from a prospective cohort of children aged 6-16 years with PHIV and age-matched HIV-uninfected comparison group. METHODS Cryopreserved plasma samples were used to measure seven soluble biomarkers using multiplex bead assay (Luminex). Multivariable logistic regression assessed how biomarker levels related to cardiac abnormalities. RESULTS A total of 406 children participated in this study (195 PHIV and 211 HIV-uninfected). Mean [standard deviation (SD)] ages of PHIV and HIV-uninfected participants were 10.7 (2.6) and 10.8 (2.8) years, respectively. Plasma levels of CRP, TNF-α, ST2, VCAM-1 and GDF-15 were significantly higher in the PHIV group compared with uninfected control ( P < 0.001). Among children with PHIV, with one-unit representing one SD in biomarker level, a one-unit increase in CRP and GDF-15, was associated with increased odds of having left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.49 (1.02-2.18; P < 0.040)] and [aOR 1.71 (1.18-2.53; P = 0.006)], respectively. Each one unit increase in GDF-15 was associated with increased odds of LV hypertrophy [aOR 1.84 (95% CI 1.10-3.10; P < 0.021)]. CONCLUSION Children with PHIV had higher levels of proinflammatory and cardiovascular biomarkers compared with HIV-uninfected children. Increased CRP and GDF-15 were associated with cardiac abnormalities in children with PHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith D Majonga
- Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Department of Medical Physics and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare Zimbabwe
| | - Louis-Marie Yindom
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Hameiri-Bowen
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Justin Mayini
- Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Andrea M Rehman
- MRC International statistics and epidemiology group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juan P Kaski
- University College London Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hilda A Mujuru
- Child and Adolescent Health Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | | | - Rashida A Ferrand
- Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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DeJesus JE, Wen JJ, Radhakrishnan R. Cytokine Pathways in Cardiac Dysfunction following Burn Injury and Changes in Genome Expression. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12111876. [PMID: 36579591 PMCID: PMC9696755 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2016, an estimated 486,000 individuals sustained burn injuries requiring medical attention. Severe burn injuries lead to a persistent, hyperinflammatory response that may last up to 2 years. The persistent release of inflammatory mediators contributes to end-organ dysfunction and changes in genome expression. Burn-induced cardiac dysfunction may lead to heart failure and changes in cardiac remodeling. Cytokines promote the inflammatory cascade and promulgate mechanisms resulting in cardiac dysfunction. Here, we review the mechanisms by which TNFα, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-10 cause cardiac dysfunction in post-burn injuries. We additionally review changes in the cytokine transcriptome caused by inflammation and burn injuries.
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Besse S, Nadaud S, Balse E, Pavoine C. Early Protective Role of Inflammation in Cardiac Remodeling and Heart Failure: Focus on TNFα and Resident Macrophages. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071249. [PMID: 35406812 PMCID: PMC8998130 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy, initiated by a variety of physiological or pathological stimuli (hemodynamic or hormonal stimulation or infarction), is a critical early adaptive compensatory response of the heart. The structural basis of the progression from compensated hypertrophy to pathological hypertrophy and heart failure is still largely unknown. In most cases, early activation of an inflammatory program reflects a reparative or protective response to other primary injurious processes. Later on, regardless of the underlying etiology, heart failure is always associated with both local and systemic activation of inflammatory signaling cascades. Cardiac macrophages are nodal regulators of inflammation. Resident macrophages mostly attenuate cardiac injury by secreting cytoprotective factors (cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors), scavenging damaged cells or mitochondrial debris, and regulating cardiac conduction, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and fibrosis. In contrast, excessive recruitment of monocyte-derived inflammatory macrophages largely contributes to the transition to heart failure. The current review examines the ambivalent role of inflammation (mainly TNFα-related) and cardiac macrophages (Mφ) in pathophysiologies from non-infarction origin, focusing on the protective signaling processes. Our objective is to illustrate how harnessing this knowledge could pave the way for innovative therapeutics in patients with heart failure.
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Wu Y, Vazquez-Prada KX, Liu Y, Whittaker AK, Zhang R, Ta HT. Recent Advances in the Development of Theranostic Nanoparticles for Cardiovascular Diseases. Nanotheranostics 2021; 5:499-514. [PMID: 34367883 PMCID: PMC8342263 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.62730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. CVD includes a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels such as myocardial infarction, ischemic heart, ischemic injury, injured arteries, thrombosis and atherosclerosis. Amongst these, atherosclerosis is the dominant cause of CVD and is an inflammatory disease of the blood vessel wall. Diagnosis and treatment of CVD remain the main challenge due to the complexity of their pathophysiology. To overcome the limitations of current treatment and diagnostic techniques, theranostic nanomaterials have emerged. The term "theranostic nanomaterials" refers to a multifunctional agent with both therapeutic and diagnostic abilities. Theranostic nanoparticles can provide imaging contrast for a diversity of techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT). In addition, they can treat CVD using photothermal ablation and/or medication by the drugs in nanoparticles. This review discusses the latest advances in theranostic nanomaterials for the diagnosis and treatment of CVDs according to the order of disease development. MRI, CT, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR), and fluorescence are the most widely used strategies on theranostics for CVDs detection. Different treatment methods for CVDs based on theranostic nanoparticles have also been discussed. Moreover, current problems of theranostic nanoparticles for CVDs detection and treatment and future research directions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuao Wu
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Karla X. Vazquez-Prada
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yajun Liu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew K. Whittaker
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, the University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Run Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Hang T. Ta
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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12
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Abstract
Neurohormones and inflammatory mediators have effects in both the heart and the peripheral vasculature. In patients with heart failure (HF), neurohormonal activation and increased levels of inflammatory mediators promote ventricular remodeling and development of HF, as well as vascular dysfunction and arterial stiffness. These processes may lead to a vicious cycle, whereby arterial stiffness perpetuates further ventricular remodeling leading to exacerbation of symptoms. Although significant advances have been made in the treatment of HF, currently available treatment strategies slow, but do not halt, this cycle. The current treatment for HF patients involves the inhibition of neurohormonal activation, which can reduce morbidity and mortality related to this condition. Beyond benefits associated with neurohormonal blockade, other strategies have focused on inhibition of inflammatory pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of HF. Unfortunately, attempts to target inflammation have not yet been successful to improve prognosis of HF. Further work is required to interrupt key maladaptive mechanisms involved in disease progression.
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13
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Baik AH, Oluwole OO, Johnson DB, Shah N, Salem JE, Tsai KK, Moslehi JJ. Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Toxicities Associated With Immunotherapies. Circ Res 2021; 128:1780-1801. [PMID: 33934609 PMCID: PMC8159878 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.315894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immune-based therapies have revolutionized cancer treatments. Cardiovascular sequelae from these treatments, however, have emerged as critical complications, representing new challenges in cardio-oncology. Immune therapies include a broad range of novel drugs, from antibodies and other biologics, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and bispecific T-cell engagers, to cell-based therapies, such as chimeric-antigen receptor T-cell therapies. The recognition of immunotherapy-associated cardiovascular side effects has also catapulted new research questions revolving around the interactions between the immune and cardiovascular systems, and the signaling cascades affected by T cell activation, cytokine release, and immune system dysregulation. Here, we review the specific mechanisms of immune activation from immunotherapies and the resulting cardiovascular toxicities associated with immune activation and excess cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan H Baik
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA (A.H.B.)
| | - Olalekan O Oluwole
- Division of Oncology (D.B.J., J.J.M., O.O.O.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Douglas B Johnson
- Division of Oncology (D.B.J., J.J.M., O.O.O.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Nina Shah
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA (N.S., K.K.T.)
| | - Joe-Elie Salem
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardio-oncology Program, CIC-1901, APHP.Sorbonne Université, Paris, France (J.-E.S.)
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (J.-E.S., J.J.M.)
| | - Katy K Tsai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA (N.S., K.K.T.)
| | - Javid J Moslehi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.J.M.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Division of Oncology (D.B.J., J.J.M., O.O.O.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (J.-E.S., J.J.M.)
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14
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Stafford N, Assrafally F, Prehar S, Zi M, De Morais AM, Maqsood A, Cartwright EJ, Mueller W, Oceandy D. Signaling via the Interleukin-10 Receptor Attenuates Cardiac Hypertrophy in Mice During Pressure Overload, but not Isoproterenol Infusion. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:559220. [PMID: 33192505 PMCID: PMC7662881 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.559220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a key role during cardiac hypertrophy and the development of heart failure. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a major anti-inflammatory cytokine that is expressed in the heart and may play a crucial role in cardiac remodeling. Based on the evidence that IL-10 potentially reduces pathological hypertrophy, it was hypothesized that signaling via the IL-10 receptor (IL10R) in the heart produces a protective role in reducing cardiac hypertrophy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the ablation of Il-10-r1 gene during pathological cardiac hypertrophy in mice. We found that IL-10R1 gene silencing in cultured cardiomyocytes diminished the anti-hypertrophic effect of Il-10 in TNF-α induced hypertrophy model. We then analyzed mice deficient in the Il-10-r1 gene (IL-10R1-/- mice) and subjected them to transverse aortic constriction or isoproterenol infusion to induce pathological hypertrophy. In response to transverse aortic constriction for 2 weeks, IL-10R1-/- mice displayed a significant increase in the hypertrophic response as indicated by heart weight/body weight ratio, which was accompanied by significant increases in cardiomyocyte surface area and interstitial fibrosis. In contrast, there was no difference in hypertrophic response to isoproterenol infusion (10 days) between the knockout and control groups. Analysis of cardiac function using echocardiography and invasive hemodynamic studies did not show any difference between the WT and IL-10R1-/- groups, most likely due to the short term nature of the models. In conclusion, our data shows that signaling via the IL-10 receptor may produce protective effects against pressure overload-induced hypertrophy but not against β-adrenergic stimuli in the heart. Our data supports previous evidence that signaling modulated by IL-10 and its receptor may become a potential target to control pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Stafford
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Farryah Assrafally
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sukhpal Prehar
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Min Zi
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ana M De Morais
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Arfa Maqsood
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth J Cartwright
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Werner Mueller
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Delvac Oceandy
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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15
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Mieszkowski J, Stankiewicz B, Kochanowicz A, Niespodziński B, Borkowska A, Antosiewicz J. Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Marathon-Induced Changes in Serum Exerkine Levels and Inflammation. Front Physiol 2020; 11:571220. [PMID: 33192567 PMCID: PMC7609818 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.571220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Participation in a long-distance run, e.g., marathon or ultramarathon, continues to increase. One side effect of long-distance running is excessive inflammation manifested by the rise in inflammatory cytokine levels. We here aimed to elucidate the effects of 10-day ischemic preconditioning (IPC) training on marathon-induced inflammation and to evaluate the role of serum-stored iron in this process. The study involved 19 recreational runners taking part in a marathon. IPC training was performed in the course of four cycles, by inflating and deflating a blood pressure cuff at 5-min intervals (IPC group, n = 10); the control group underwent sham training (n = 9). The levels of inflammatory and others markers (FSTL-1, IL-6, IL-15, leptin, resistin, TIMP-1, OSM, and LIF) were measured before and 24 h after training; and before, immediately after, and 24 h and 7 day after the marathon. The 10-day IPC training increased serum leptin levels. IL-6, IL-10, FLST-1, and resistin levels were increased, while TIMP-1 levels were decreased in all runners after the marathon. The changes were significantly blunted in runners from the IPC group compared with the control group. Baseline serum iron levels correlated with IL-6 and FSTL-1 levels; serum ferritin correlated with IL-6, FSTL-1, and resistin levels after the marathon. Conversely, serum TIMP-1 levels inversely correlated with serum iron levels. Although not evident at baseline, IPC training significantly reduced marathon-induced inflammation. In addition, the reduced responsiveness and attenuation of running-induced inflammation were inversely related to baseline serum iron and ferritin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Mieszkowski
- Department of Gymnastics and Dance, Gdańsk, University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Błażej Stankiewicz
- Department of Biomedical Basis of Physical Culture, Institute of Physical Education, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kochanowicz
- Department of Gymnastics and Dance, Gdańsk, University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Niespodziński
- Department of Anatomy and Biomechanics, Institute of Physical Education, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Andżelika Borkowska
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jędrzej Antosiewicz
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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16
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Abstract
Heart failure exhibits remarkable pathophysiologic heterogeneity. A large body of evidence suggests that regardless of the underlying etiology, heart failure is associated with induction of cytokines and chemokines that may contribute to the pathogenesis of adverse remodeling, and systolic and diastolic dysfunction. The pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-6 have been extensively implicated in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Inflammatory cytokines modulate phenotype and function of all myocardial cells, suppressing contractile function in cardiomyocytes, inducing inflammatory activation in macrophages, stimulating microvascular inflammation and dysfunction, and promoting a matrix-degrading phenotype in fibroblasts. Moreover, cytokine-induced growth factor synthesis may exert chronic fibrogenic actions contributing to the pathogenesis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). In addition to their role in adverse cardiac remodeling, some inflammatory cytokines may also exert protective actions on cardiomyocytes under conditions of stress. Chemokines, such as CCL2, are also upregulated in failing hearts and may stimulate recruitment of pro-inflammatory leukocytes, promoting myocardial injury, fibrotic remodeling, and dysfunction. Although experimental evidence suggests that cytokine and chemokine targeting may hold therapeutic promise in heart failure, clinical translation remains challenging. This review manuscript summarizes our knowledge on the role of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and CCL2 in the pathogenesis of heart failure, and discusses the promises and challenges of targeted anti-cytokine therapy. Dissection of protective and maladaptive cellular actions of cytokines in the failing heart, and identification of patient subsets with overactive or dysregulated myocardial inflammatory responses are required for design of successful therapeutic approaches.
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17
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Chalifoux NV, Carr AP. Pulsus alternans in a critically ill dog hospitalized for xylitol toxicity. THE CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL = LA REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE 2020; 61:865-870. [PMID: 32741993 PMCID: PMC7350064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A 2-year-old spayed female Great Pyrenees cross dog was presented following the consumption of pure xylitol sweetener. Blood tests revealed hepatocellular leakage and cholestasis, hyperlactatemia, thrombocytopenia, and prolonged prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times. Thoracic radiographs on day 2 of hospitalization were consistent with pulmonary hemorrhage. Prior to death, the dog developed pulsus alternans suggestive of myocardial dysfunction secondary to severe systemic inflammation. This is the first report of pulsus alternans in a critically ill dog prior to clinical deterioration and death. This is also the first documentation of pulsus alternans with a high-definition oscillometric device. Key clinical message: Increased recognition of pulsus alternans and its potential implications in veterinary medicine may contribute to the identification of cardiovascular complications associated with systemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan V Chalifoux
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4
| | - Anthony P Carr
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4
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18
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Lado-Abeal J. Non-thyroidal illness syndrome, the hidden player in the septic shock induced myocardial contractile depression. Med Hypotheses 2020; 142:109775. [PMID: 32344285 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Septic shock causes high mortality in hospitalized patients, especially in those that develop myocardial dysfunction as an early complication. The myocardial dysfunction of septic shock is characterized by a decrease in ventricular relaxation (diastolic dysfunction) and reduced ventricular ejection fraction (systolic dysfunction). Most patients with septic shock have low serum thyroid hormone levels, a condition known as non-thyroidal illness syndrome. Thyroid hormones sustain myocardial contractility and energy metabolism. Septic shock non-thyroidal illness syndrome causes myocardial hypothyroidism, and hypothyroidism causes myocardial dysfunction that resembles the myocardial depression of septic shock. We hypothesize that the myocardial hypothyroidism that occurs during septic shock has a causal role in the pathogenesis of septic shock-induced myocardial dysfunction. Thyroid hormones regulate the calcium cycle, the phenotype of contractile proteins, adrenergic response, and fatty acid transport and oxidation in the cardiomyocytes. Therefore, the administration of levothyroxine and liothyronine to normalize thyroid hormones level within the myocardium will improve the myocardial function. The hypothesis will be tested in humans with septic shock by performing a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study to compare the effect of thyroid hormone administration with placebo on myocardial function. The proposed hypothesis challenges the idea that non-thyroidal illness syndrome is a beneficial response of the thyroid hormone axis to illness and that thyroid hormone replacement is detrimental. The administration of thyroid hormone in order to prevent and reverse myocardial hypothyroidism during septic shock is a new theoretical concept on thyroid hormone metabolism and action at the tissue level during non-thyroidal illness syndrome. If the hypothesis is correct, clinicians should consider cardiac hypothyroidism as a central player in myocardial dysfunction caused by sepsis. Thyroid hormone replacement should be incorporated into the armamentarium of septic shock treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Lado-Abeal
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Truman Medical Centers and University of Missouri Kansas City, MO, USA.
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19
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El Missiri AM, Alzurfi AS, Keddeas VW. The Relationship between Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Left Ventricular Diastolic Function. J Cardiovasc Echogr 2020; 30:62-67. [PMID: 33282642 PMCID: PMC7706370 DOI: 10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_1_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction is a common condition. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha is an inflammatory cytokine that plays a role in the development of cardiac structural changes leading to LV diastolic dysfunction. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between serum levels of TNF alpha levels and LV diastolic function. Methods: A case–control study that included 40 patients with echocardiographic evidence of LV diastolic dysfunction and 40 healthy controls. Standard transthoracic echocardiography was performed to assess LV and left atrial volumes, systolic and diastolic function according to the current recommendations. Serum TNF alpha levels were assessed using a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results: Mean serum TNF alpha level was significantly higher in the study group 3.48 ± 1.06 versus 1.22 ± 0.36 pg/ml in the control group, P < 0.001. It was also higher in patients with Grade 2 diastolic dysfunction (n = 16) 3.91 ± 1.21 versus 3.18 ± 0.86 pg/ml in those with Grade 1 diastolic dysfunction (n = 24), P = 0.03. TNF alpha showed a strong correlation with indexed left atrial volume (LAVI) in the study group but not in controls. Mean serum TNF showed a trend toward increase with worsening heart failure symptoms in the form of increased the New York Heart Association functional class. Conclusion: Serum TNF alpha level is elevated in patients with LV diastolic dysfunction and is correlated to LAVI in such patients. Patients with Grade 2 diastolic dysfunction have higher serum levels of TNF alpha compared to those with Grade 1 diastolic dysfunction. TNF alpha levels increase with worsening heart failure symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anwer S Alzurfi
- Department of Cardiology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Viola W Keddeas
- Department of Cardiology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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20
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Yuzefpolskaya M, Bohn B, Nasiri M, Zuver AM, Onat DD, Royzman EA, Nwokocha J, Mabasa M, Pinsino A, Brunjes D, Gaudig A, Clemons A, Trinh P, Stump S, Giddins MJ, Topkara VK, Garan AR, Takeda K, Takayama H, Naka Y, Farr MA, Nandakumar R, Uhlemann AC, Colombo PC, Demmer RT. Gut microbiota, endotoxemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress in patients with heart failure, left ventricular assist device, and transplant. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020; 39:880-890. [PMID: 32139154 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbial imbalance may contribute to endotoxemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress in heart failure (HF). Changes occurring in the intestinal microbiota and inflammatory/oxidative milieu during HF progression and following left ventricular assist device (LVAD) or heart transplantation (HT) are unknown. We aimed to investigate variation in gut microbiota and circulating biomarkers of endotoxemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress in patients with HF (New York Heart Association, Class I-IV), LVAD, and HT. METHODS We enrolled 452 patients. Biomarkers of endotoxemia (lipopolysaccharide and soluble [sCD14]), inflammation (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and endothelin-1 adiponectin), and oxidative stress (isoprostane) were measured in 644 blood samples. A total of 304 stool samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS Gut microbial community measures of alpha diversity were progressively lower across worsening HF class and were similarly reduced in patients with LVAD and HT (p < 0.05). Inflammation and oxidative stress were elevated in patients with Class IV HF vs all other groups (all p < 0.05). Lipopolysaccharide was elevated in patients with Class IV HF (vs Class I-III) as well as in patients with LVAD and HT (p < 0.05). sCD14 was elevated in patients with Class IV HF and LVAD (vs Class I-III, p < 0.05) but not in patients with HT. CONCLUSIONS Reduced gut microbial diversity and increased endotoxemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress are present in patients with Class IV HF. Inflammation and oxidative stress are lower among patients with LVAD and HT relative to patients with Class IV HF, whereas reduced gut diversity and endotoxemia persist in LVAD and HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melana Yuzefpolskaya
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Bruno Bohn
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Mojdeh Nasiri
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Amelia M Zuver
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Drew D Onat
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Eugene A Royzman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Joseph Nwokocha
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Melissa Mabasa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Alberto Pinsino
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Danielle Brunjes
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Antonia Gaudig
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Autumn Clemons
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Pauline Trinh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stephania Stump
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiome and Pathogen Genomics Core, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Marla J Giddins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiome and Pathogen Genomics Core, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Veli K Topkara
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - A Reshad Garan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Koji Takeda
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Hiroo Takayama
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Yoshifumi Naka
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Maryjane A Farr
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Renu Nandakumar
- Biomarkers Core Laboratory, Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Anne-Catrin Uhlemann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiome and Pathogen Genomics Core, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Paolo C Colombo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Ryan T Demmer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Division of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, New York.
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21
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Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation Following Cardiac Surgery: From Pathogenesis to Potential Therapies. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2020; 20:19-49. [PMID: 31502217 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-019-00365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a major complication after cardiac surgery which can lead to high rates of morbidity and mortality, an enhanced length of hospital stay, and an increased cost of care. POAF is postulated to be a multifactorial phenomenon; however, some major pathogeneses have been proposed, including inflammatory pathways, oxidative stress, and autonomic dysfunction. Genetic studies also showed that inflammatory pathways, beta-1 adrenoreceptor variants, G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 gene variants, and non-coding single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the 4q25 chromosomal locus are involved in this phenomenon. Moreover, several predisposing factors lead to the development of POAF, consisting of pre-, intra-, and postoperative contributors. The main predisposing factors comprise age, prior history of major cardiovascular risk factors, and ischemia-reperfusion injury during surgery. The management of POAF is based on the usual therapies used for non-surgical AF, including medications for either rate control or rhythm control in hemodynamically unstable patients. The perioperative administration of β-blockers and some antiarrhythmic agents has been recommended in major international guidelines. In addition, upstream therapies consisting of colchicine, magnesium, statins, and antioxidants have attenuated the incidence of POAF; however, some uncomfortable side effects developed in large randomized trials. The use of anticoagulation has also resulted in less mortality in patients with POAF at higher risk of thromboembolic events. Despite these recommendations, the actual regimen for the prevention of POAF remains controversial. In this review, we highlight the pathogenesis, predisposing factors, and potential therapeutic options for the management of patients at risk for or with POAF following cardiac surgery.
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22
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Brancaccio M, Pirozzi F, Hirsch E, Ghigo A. Mechanisms underlying the cross-talk between heart and cancer. J Physiol 2019; 598:3015-3027. [PMID: 31278748 DOI: 10.1113/jp276746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases and cancer remain the leading cause of death worldwide. Despite the fact that these two conditions have long been considered as distinct clinical entities, recent epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that they should be contemplated and treated as co-morbidities. Heart failure represents nowadays a well-established complication of cancer, primarily as a consequence of the aggressive use of cardiotoxic anti-cancer treatments. On the other hand, the provocative idea that heart failure can prime carcinogenesis has started to emerge, though the molecular basis is still to be fully elucidated. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the mechanisms underlying the bidirectional communication between the failing heart and the cancer. We will discuss and/or speculate on the role of molecular mediators released by either the tumour or the heart that can potentially link heart failure and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Flora Pirozzi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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23
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Liu H, Wang H, Cheng D, Wang Q, Pei Z, Zhu N, Fang W, Yu Q. Potential role of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-17 (ADAM17) in age-associated ventricular remodeling of rats. RSC Adv 2019; 9:14321-14330. [PMID: 35519346 PMCID: PMC9064162 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01190k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) could enhance cell death and aggravate left ventricular remodeling and myocardial dysfunction. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase-17 (ADAM17), an important maturation regulator of TNF-α, might be involved in the aging-associated ventricular remodeling. The present study observed myocardial ADAM17 expression in young and aged rats and explored the association between cardiac structure/function and expression of ADAM17 in 6 month-old (n = 10, young group) and 24 month-old SD rats (n = 10, old group). The body, heart weight and heart weight/body weight ratio of rats in the old group were all significantly increased compared to that in the young group (P < 0.05). The left ventricular systolic end-diameter and end-diastolic diameters were significantly enlarged in the old group compared to the young group (P < 0.05), while the systolic function index including the left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fractional shortening were similar between the two groups. The peak mitral flow velocity (E)/peak mitral annulus velocity (E') ratio was significantly higher in the old group than in the young group (P < 0.05). Histological examination showed more damage of cardiomyocytes, interstitial collagen deposition and inflammatory cell infiltration in the old group. Immunohistochemistry examination showed that myocardial TNF-α expression was mainly located in cardiomyocytes and was significantly higher in the old group than in the young group (P < 0.05). The protein expression of myocardial ADAM17 detected by western blot was significantly higher in the old group than in the young group (P < 0.05), while TIMP-3 expression was similar between the two groups. The present study suggested that ADAM17 and inflammation might play an important role in aging-related myocardial remodeling through regulating TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hainiang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University Dalian 116001 China +86-411-62893555 +86-411-62887018.,Medical College, Dalian University Dalian 116622 China
| | - Haoren Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University Dalian 116001 China +86-411-62893555 +86-411-62887018
| | - Dong Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University Dalian 116001 China +86-411-62893555 +86-411-62887018.,Medical College, Dalian University Dalian 116622 China
| | - Qinfu Wang
- Life Engineering College, Dalian University Dalian 116622 China
| | - Zuowei Pei
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University Dalian 116001 China +86-411-62893555 +86-411-62887018
| | - Ning Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian 116023 China
| | - Weiyi Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Qin Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University Dalian 116001 China +86-411-62893555 +86-411-62887018
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24
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McCutcheon K, Manga P. Left ventricular remodelling in chronic primary mitral regurgitation: implications for medical therapy. Cardiovasc J Afr 2019; 29:51-65. [PMID: 29582880 PMCID: PMC6002796 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2017-009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgical repair or replacement of the mitral valve is currently the only recommended therapy for severe primary mitral regurgitation. The chronic elevation of wall stress caused by the resulting volume overload leads to structural remodelling of the muscular, vascular and extracellular matrix components of the myocardium. These changes are initially compensatory but in the long term have detrimental effects, which ultimately result in heart failure. Understanding the changes that occur in the myocardium due to volume overload at the molecular and cellular level may lead to medical interventions, which potentially could delay or prevent the adverse left ventricular remodelling associated with primary mitral regurgitation. The pathophysiological changes involved in left ventricular remodelling in response to chronic primary mitral regurgitation and the evidence for potential medical therapy, in particular beta-adrenergic blockers, are the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keir McCutcheon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Pravin Manga
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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25
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Mastorci F, Sabatino L, Vassalle C, Pingitore A. Cardioprotection and Thyroid Hormones in the Clinical Setting of Heart Failure. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:927. [PMID: 32047475 PMCID: PMC6997485 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is the main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is becoming more widespread with population aging. Cardioprotection is a dynamic process characterized by mechanisms related to myocardial damage and activation of protective factors. Targeting these processes could be attractive as a new therapeutic strategy in the evolution of post-ischemic heart failure (HF). In this context, the role of thyroid hormone (TH)-mediated cardioprotection is supported by a number of findings regarding the modulation of neuroendocrine systems, inflammatory and oxidative stress status, pro-survival intracellular pathways, and epigenetic factors, its effects on cardiac angiogenesis, structure, and function and on the preservation of mitochondrial function and morphology, and its beneficial effects on cell growth and redifferentiation. Moreover, the numerous effects of TH on the heart involve genomic mechanisms, which include cardiac differentiation during the perinatal period and non-genomic action, directed toward the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis. This evidence suggests that there is an opportunity to treat HF patients with TH. This review is mainly focused on the clinical evidence of the role of the thyroid system in the complex setting of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alessandro Pingitore
- Clinical Physiology Institute, CNR, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessandro Pingitore
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Shahid
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Eduard Shantsila
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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27
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Imen T, Salma M, Khouloud C, Habib GM, Kaouthar B, Nejia T, Imen G, Hamdi B, Riadh B, Wahid B, Naceur SM, Semir N. IL-1β gene polymorphism and serum levels in a Tunisian population with acute heart failure. Biomark Med 2017; 11:1069-1076. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between IL-1β-31T/C polymorphism and serum levels of IL-1β and the risk of acute heart failure (AHF). Methods: A total of 320 dyspnea patients (160 with AHF and 160 without AHF) and 100 healthy subjects were included in this study. IL-1β genotyping was performed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Results: Concentration of IL-1β was significantly higher in patients with heart failure (HF) compared with non-HF and control groups. Results of the distribution of IL-1β-31T/C genotypes and allele frequencies did not show any significant difference between the three groups. Serum levels of IL-1β were found to be higher among TT genotype than TC and CC genotype. Conclusion: IL-1β levels may be useful for the evaluation of diagnosis in acutely decompensated HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trabelsi Imen
- Research Laboratory (LR12SP18), University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
- ResearchUnit: UR 12ES09 Dyslipidemia & Atherogenesis, Faculty of Medicine, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Messous Salma
- Research Laboratory (LR12SP18), University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Chehaibi Khouloud
- ResearchUnit: UR 12ES09 Dyslipidemia & Atherogenesis, Faculty of Medicine, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Grissa Mohammed Habib
- Department of Emergency, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Beltaief Kaouthar
- Department of Emergency, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Tounsi Nejia
- Research Laboratory (LR12SP18), University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Gannoun Imen
- Research Laboratory (LR12SP18), University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Boubaker Hamdi
- Department of Emergency, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Boukef Riadh
- Research Laboratory (LR12SP18), University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Bouida Wahid
- Department of Emergency, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Slimane Mohamed Naceur
- ResearchUnit: UR 12ES09 Dyslipidemia & Atherogenesis, Faculty of Medicine, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Nouira Semir
- Research Laboratory (LR12SP18), University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Emergency, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
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28
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Rivet D, Nelson O, Vella C, Jansen H, Robbins C. Systemic effects of a high saturated fat diet in grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis). CAN J ZOOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2016-0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Food sources for North America’s grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815) population have changed as habitats have fragmented, altering available resources and putting bears in contact with unnatural foods. Bears have evolved mechanisms to tolerate obesity, and do not develop adverse health consequences despite storing massive amounts of body fat. Captive adult grizzly bears were used to determine the effects of dietary fat on health. Group 1 was fed a diet high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) wherein 9.5% of available calories came from saturated fatty acids (SFA). Group 2 was fed a diet wherein 28.8% of calories came from SFA. Plasma fatty acids, serum lipid profiles, insulin, inflammatory markers, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and cardiac function parameters were measured. Serum lipids, SFA, and insulin did not differ between the two groups, although omega-3 fatty acids differed. Bears eating the SFA diet had significantly higher circulating adiponectin, interleukin-7 and interleukin-15, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Mild, asymptomatic systolic and diastolic dysfunctions were detected by strain echocardiography in the SFA group. The SFA diet group exhibited higher diastolic arterial pressures. Even though mild metabolic derangements were observed, grizzly bears were remarkably resistant to metabolic effects of diets high in SFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.R. Rivet
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - O.L. Nelson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - C.A. Vella
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - H.T. Jansen
- Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - C.T. Robbins
- School of the Environment and School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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29
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Sayyid ZN, Sellers ZM. Technological advances shed light on left ventricular cardiac disturbances in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2017; 16:454-464. [PMID: 28314540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF), the most common autosomal recessive lethal disease in Caucasians, causes chronic pulmonary disease and can lead to cor pulmonale with right ventricular dysfunction. The presence of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in cardiac myocardia has prompted debate regarding possible defective ion channel-induced cardiomyopathy. Clinical heart disease in CF is considered rare and is restricted to case reports. It has been unclear if this is due to the lack of physiological importance of CFTR in the heart, the relatively short lifespan of those with CF, or a technical inability to detect subclinical disease. Extensive echocardiographic investigations have yielded contradictory results, leading to the dogma that left ventricular defects in CF occur secondary to lung disease. In this review, we consider why studies examining heart function in CF have not provided clarity on this topic. We then focus on data from new echocardiographic and magnetic resonance imaging technology, which are providing greater insight into cardiac function in CF and demonstrating that, in addition to secondary effects from pulmonary disease, there may be an intrinsic primary defect in the CF heart. With advancing lifespans and activity levels, understanding the risk of cardiac disease is vital to minimizing morbidity in adults with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra N Sayyid
- Stanford University, School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Zachary M Sellers
- Stanford University, School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States.
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30
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Parmar N, Pendergrast J, Lieberman L, Lin Y, Callum J, Cserti-Gazdewich C. The association of fever with transfusion-associated circulatory overload. Vox Sang 2016; 112:70-78. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Parmar
- Department of Laboratory Hematology (Blood Transfusion Laboratory [BTL]); Laboratory Medicine Program (LMP); University Health Network (UHN); Toronto ON Canada
| | - J. Pendergrast
- Department of Laboratory Hematology (Blood Transfusion Laboratory [BTL]); Laboratory Medicine Program (LMP); University Health Network (UHN); Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Medical Oncology & Hematology (DMOH); University Health Network (UHN); Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Pathobiology (LMP); Faculty of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Medicine - Division of Hematology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Quality, Utilization, Efficacy, & Safety of Transfusion (QUEST) Research Collaborative; Toronto ON Canada
| | - L. Lieberman
- Department of Laboratory Hematology (Blood Transfusion Laboratory [BTL]); Laboratory Medicine Program (LMP); University Health Network (UHN); Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Pathobiology (LMP); Faculty of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Quality, Utilization, Efficacy, & Safety of Transfusion (QUEST) Research Collaborative; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Y. Lin
- Department of Laboratory Hematology (Blood Transfusion Laboratory [BTL]); Laboratory Medicine Program (LMP); University Health Network (UHN); Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Pathobiology (LMP); Faculty of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Quality, Utilization, Efficacy, & Safety of Transfusion (QUEST) Research Collaborative; Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Clinical Pathology; Blood & Tissue Bank Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto ON Canada
| | - J. Callum
- Department of Laboratory Hematology (Blood Transfusion Laboratory [BTL]); Laboratory Medicine Program (LMP); University Health Network (UHN); Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Pathobiology (LMP); Faculty of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Quality, Utilization, Efficacy, & Safety of Transfusion (QUEST) Research Collaborative; Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Clinical Pathology; Blood & Tissue Bank Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto ON Canada
| | - C. Cserti-Gazdewich
- Department of Laboratory Hematology (Blood Transfusion Laboratory [BTL]); Laboratory Medicine Program (LMP); University Health Network (UHN); Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Medical Oncology & Hematology (DMOH); University Health Network (UHN); Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Pathobiology (LMP); Faculty of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Medicine - Division of Hematology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Quality, Utilization, Efficacy, & Safety of Transfusion (QUEST) Research Collaborative; Toronto ON Canada
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31
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Purnell CA, Klosowiak JL, Cheesborough JE, Park E, Bandy A, Dumanian GA. Resolution of Cosmetic Buttock Injection-induced Inflammatory Reaction and Heart Failure after Excision of Filler Material. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2016; 4:e1079. [PMID: 27826475 PMCID: PMC5096530 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000001079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We present a case of a 66-year-old woman who developed heart failure and severe inflammatory reaction after the illicit cosmetic injections of polymethyl-methacrylate or polyacrylamide hydrogel from a primary care provider. After medical optimization, an en bloc excision of all injectable materials and gluteus muscle was performed, which resulted in exposure of bilateral sciatic nerves. Within 10 days, the patient's heart failure resolved and inflammatory state improved. This is the first known report of heart failure due to buttock injections and subsequent improvement after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad A Purnell
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.; and Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Julian L Klosowiak
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.; and Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Jennifer E Cheesborough
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.; and Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Eugene Park
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.; and Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Andrew Bandy
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.; and Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Gregory A Dumanian
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.; and Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
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32
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Somasuntharam I, Yehl K, Carroll SL, Maxwell JT, Martinez MD, Che PL, Brown ME, Salaita K, Davis ME. Knockdown of TNF-α by DNAzyme gold nanoparticles as an anti-inflammatory therapy for myocardial infarction. Biomaterials 2015; 83:12-22. [PMID: 26773660 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we used deoxyribozyme (DNAzyme) functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to catalytically silence tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in vivo as a potential therapeutic for myocardial infarction (MI). Using primary macrophages as a model, we demonstrated 50% knockdown of TNF-α, which was not attainable using Lipofectamine-based approaches. Local injection of DNAzyme conjugated to gold particles (AuNPs) in the rat myocardium yielded TNF-α knockdown efficiencies of 50%, which resulted in significant anti-inflammatory effects and improvement in acute cardiac function following MI. Our results represent the first example showing the use of DNAzyme AuNP conjugates in vivo for viable delivery and gene regulation. This is significant as TNF-α is a multibillion dollar drug target implicated in many inflammatory-mediated disorders, thus underscoring the potential impact of DNAzyme-conjugated AuNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inthirai Somasuntharam
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Drive, Suite W200, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle Room 319, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kevin Yehl
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sheridan L Carroll
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Drive, Suite W200, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Joshua T Maxwell
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Drive, Suite W200, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mario D Martinez
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Drive, Suite W200, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Pao-Lin Che
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Drive, Suite W200, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Milton E Brown
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Drive, Suite W200, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle Room 319, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Michael E Davis
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Drive, Suite W200, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle Room 319, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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33
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Wang C, Wang SX, Dong PS, Wang LP, Duan NN, Wang YY, Wang K, Li ZZ, Wei LJ, Meng YL, Cheng JX. Pathological observation of acute myocardial infarction in Chinese miniswine. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:20829-20836. [PMID: 26885007 PMCID: PMC4723852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The acute myocardial infarction (AMI) model in Chinese miniswine was built by percutaneous coronary artery occlusion. Pathological observation of AMI was performed, and the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the infarct sites was detected at different days after modeling in Chinese miniswine. The experimental findings may be used as the basis for blood flow reconstruction and intervention after AMI. Seven experimental Chinese miniswine were subjected to general anesthesia and Seldinger right femoral artery puncture. After coronary angiography, the gelfoam was injected via the microtube to occlude the obtuse marginal branch (OM branch). At 1 d, 3 d, 5 d, 7 d, 10 d, 14 d and 17 d after modeling, hetatoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed to observe the pathological changes and to detect the expression of TNF-α in the myocardial tissues. Cytoplasmic acidophilia of the necrotic myocardial tissues at 1 d after modeling was enhanced, and cytoplasmic granules were formed; at 3 d, the margins of the necrotic myocardial tissues were infiltrated by a large number of inflammatory cells; at 5 d, the nuclei of the necrotic myocardial cells were fragmented; at 7 d, extensive granulation tissues were formed at the margin of the necrotic myocardial tissues; at 10 d, part of the granulation tissues were replaced by fibrous scar tissues; at 14-17 d, all granulation tissues were replaced by fibrous scar tissues. Immunohistochemical detection indicated that no TNF-α expression in normal myocardial tissues. The TNF-α expression was first detected at 3 d in the necrotic myocardial tissues and then increased at 5 d and 7 d. After reaching the peak at 10 d, the expression began to decrease at 14 d and the decrease continued at 17 d. Coronary angiography showed the disappearance of blood flow at the distal end of OM branch occluded by gelfoam, indicating that AMI model was constructed successfully. The repair of the infarcted myocardium began at 10-17 d after modeling with safe blood flow reconstruction. TNF-α expression in the infarcted myocardium was the highest at 10 d, which can be explained by inflammation and repair of the infarcted myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology Jinghua Road No. 24, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Shao-Xin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology Jinghua Road No. 24, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Ping-Shuan Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology Jinghua Road No. 24, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Li-Ping Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology Jinghua Road No. 24, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Na-Na Duan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology Jinghua Road No. 24, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Yan-Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology Jinghua Road No. 24, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology Jinghua Road No. 24, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Zhuan-Zhen Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology Jinghua Road No. 24, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Li-Juan Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology Jinghua Road No. 24, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Ya-Li Meng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology Jinghua Road No. 24, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Jian-Xin Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology Jinghua Road No. 24, Luoyang 471003, China
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Berk J, Wade R, Baser HD, Lado J. Case report: severe reversible cardiomyopathy associated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome in the setting of diabetic hyperosmolar hyperglycemic non-ketotic syndrome. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2015; 15:123. [PMID: 26466591 PMCID: PMC4606557 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-015-0112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This case study features a woman who presented with clinical and laboratory findings consistent with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic non-ketotic syndrome (HHNS), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) who was noted to have a transient decrease in myocardial function. To our knowledge, this is the first case discussing the overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms could increase susceptibility to SIRS-induced cardiomyopathy. It is imperative that this clinical question be investigated further as such a relationship may have significant clinical implications for prevention and future treatments, particularly in patients similar to the one presented in this clinical case. CASE PRESENTATION A 53-year old Caucasian female presented to the Emergency Department for cough, nausea, vomiting and "feeling sick for 3 weeks." Labs were indicative of diabetic ketoacidosis. Initial electrocardiograms were suggestive of possible myocardial infarction and follow-up echocardiogram showed severely depressed left ventricular systolic function which resolved upon treatment of ketoacidosis. CONCLUSION We suggest that her cardiomyopathy could have three synergistic sources: SIRS, HHNS and NTIS. Overlapping mechanisms suggest uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and NTIS could increase susceptibility to SIRS-induced cardiomyopathy as seen in this case. HHNS and SIRS cause cardiac tissue injury through mechanisms including impairment of fatty acid oxidation and formation of reactive oxygen species, as well as modifying the function of membrane calcium channels. As a result, it is conceivable that diabetes may amplify the deleterious effects of inflammatory stressors on cardiac myocytes. This novel case report offers a path for future research into prevention and treatment of SIRS-induced cardiomyopathy in, but not exclusive to, the setting of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Berk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, 3601 4th St Stop 9410, Lubbock, TX, 79416, USA.
| | - Raymond Wade
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, 3601 4th St Stop 9410, Lubbock, TX, 79416, USA.
| | - Hatice Duygu Baser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, 3601 4th St Stop 9410, Lubbock, TX, 79416, USA.
| | - Joaquin Lado
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, 3601 4th St Stop 9410, Lubbock, TX, 79416, USA.
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35
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Tumor necrosis factor-α confers cardioprotection through ectopic expression of keratins K8 and K18. Nat Med 2015; 21:1076-84. [PMID: 26280121 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), one of the major stress-induced proinflammatory cytokines, is upregulated in the heart after tissue injury, and its sustained expression can contribute to the development of heart failure. Whether TNF-α also exerts cytoprotective effects in heart failure is not known. Here we provide evidence for a cardioprotective function of TNF-α in a genetic heart failure model, desmin-deficient mice. The cardioprotective effects of TNF-α are a consequence of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-mediated ectopic expression in cardiomyocytes of keratin 8 (K8) and keratin 18 (K18), two epithelial-specific intermediate filament proteins. In cardiomyocytes, K8 and K18 (K8/K18) formed an alternative cytoskeletal network that localized mainly at intercalated discs (IDs) and conferred cardioprotection by maintaining normal ID structure and mitochondrial integrity and function. Ectopic induction of K8/K18 expression in cardiomyocytes also occurred in other genetic and experimental models of heart failure. Loss of the K8/K18 network resulted in a maladaptive cardiac phenotype following transverse aortic constriction. In human failing myocardium, where TNF-α expression is upregulated, K8/K18 were also ectopically expressed and localized primarily at IDs, which did not contain detectable amounts of desmin. Thus, TNF-α- and NF-κB-mediated formation of an alternative, stress-induced intermediate filament cytoskeleton has cardioprotective function in mice and potentially in humans.
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Zakkar M, Ascione R, James AF, Angelini GD, Suleiman MS. Inflammation, oxidative stress and postoperative atrial fibrillation in cardiac surgery. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 154:13-20. [PMID: 26116810 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common complication of cardiac surgery that occurs in up to 60% of patients. POAF is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality, stroke and other arrhythmias that can impact on early and long term clinical outcomes and health economics. Many factors such as disease-induced cardiac remodelling, operative trauma, changes in atrial pressure and chemical stimulation and reflex sympathetic/parasympathetic activation have been implicated in the development of POAF. There is mounting evidence to support a major role for inflammation and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of POAF. Both are consequences of using cardiopulmonary bypass and reperfusion following ischaemic cardioplegic arrest. Subsequently, several anti-inflammatory and antioxidant drugs have been tested in an attempt to reduce the incidence of POAF. However, prevention remains suboptimal and thus far none of the tested drugs has provided sufficient efficacy to be widely introduced in clinical practice. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for the onset and persistence of POAF is needed to develop more effective prediction and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zakkar
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - R Ascione
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - A F James
- School of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - G D Angelini
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - M S Suleiman
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK.
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Li M, Yao W, Li S, Xi J. Norepinephrine induces the expression of interleukin-6 via β-adrenoreceptor-NAD(P)H oxidase system -NF-κB dependent signal pathway in U937 macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:1029-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Grosman-Rimon L, Jacobs I, Tumiati LC, McDonald MA, Bar-Ziv SP, Fuks A, Kawajiri H, Lazarte J, Ghashghai A, Shogilev DJ, Cherney DZ, Rao V. Longitudinal assessment of inflammation in recipients of continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices. Can J Cardiol 2014; 31:348-56. [PMID: 25746024 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term effects of continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) support on trends of inflammatory markers over time are unknown. We examined the hypothesis that the levels of inflammatory markers in CF-LVAD recipients are higher than in healthy controls and that these levels increase over time with long-term CF-LVAD support. METHODS We examined the levels of inflammatory markers longitudinally at baseline before CF-LVAD implantation and at 3, 6, and 9 months after implantation. We then compared the levels of inflammatory markers to those in a healthy control group. RESULTS Compared with baseline values before CF-LVAD implantation, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd) and left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESd) decreased significantly at 3, 6, and 9 months after CF-LVAD implantation. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels dropped significantly after CF-LVAD implantation but did not normalize. Improvements in ejection fraction at 3, 6, and 9 months after CF-LVAD implantation did not reach significance. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interferon γ-induced protein, and C-reactive protein levels were higher in the CF-LVAD recipients at each of the time points (baseline before CF-LVAD implantation and 3, 6, and 9 months after implantation) compared with levels in healthy controls. In CF-LVAD recipients, serum interleukin-8, tumour necrosis factor-α, and macrophage inflammatory protein-β increased significantly at 9 months, and macrophage-derived chemokine increased at 6 months after CF-LVAD implantation compared with baseline. CONCLUSIONS Despite improvements in LV dimensions and BNP levels, markers of inflammation remained higher in CF-LVAD recipients. High levels of inflammation in CF-LVAD recipients may result from heart failure preconditioning or the long-term device support, or both. Because inflammation may be detrimental to CF-LVAD recipients, future studies should determine whether inflammatory pathways are reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Grosman-Rimon
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ira Jacobs
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura C Tumiati
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael A McDonald
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stacey Pollock Bar-Ziv
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Avi Fuks
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hiroyuki Kawajiri
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julieta Lazarte
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arash Ghashghai
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel J Shogilev
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Z Cherney
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vivek Rao
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Liu Q, Wang T, Yu H, Liu B, Jia R. Interaction between interleukin-1 beta and angiotensin II receptor 1 in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus contributes to progression of heart failure. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2014; 34:870-5. [PMID: 24955935 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2013.0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The central mechanisms by which interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and angiotension II receptor 1 (AT1-R) contribute to sympathoexcitation in heart failure (HF) are unclear. In this study, we determined whether an interaction between IL-1β and AT1-R in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) contributes to progression of HF. Rats were implanted with bilateral PVN cannulae and subjected to coronary artery ligation or sham surgery (Sham). Subsequently, animals were treated for 4 weeks through PVN infusion with either vehicle, losartan (LOS, 200 μg/day), IL-1β (IL, 1 μg/day), or IL-1β along with LOS (LOS+IL). HF rats had higher levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), norepinephrine (NE), and glutamate (Glu); lower levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA); and more positive fra-like activity in PVN when compared with Sham rats. HF rats also had higher levels of NE, epinephrine (EPI), and IL-1β in plasma. PVN infusion of LOS attenuated the decreases in GABA and the increases in CRH, NE, and Glu in the PVN of HF rats. IL-1β could further increase the expression of CRH, NE, Glu, EPI, and IL-1β and decrease GABA expression. Treatment with IL-1β along with LOS could eliminate the effects of IL-1β. These findings suggest that an interaction between AT1-R and IL-1β in the PVN contributes to progression in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Medical School, Tai Shan Medical College, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan , Jinan, P.R. China
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Pedersen SS, Brouwers C, Versteeg H. Psychological vulnerability, ventricular tachyarrhythmias and mortality in implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients: is there a link? Expert Rev Med Devices 2014; 9:377-88. [DOI: 10.1586/erd.12.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Is it safe to use TNF-α blockers for systemic inflammatory disease in patients with heart failure? Importance of dosage and receptor specificity. Int J Cardiol 2013; 167:1719-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.11.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Sinagra E, Perricone G, Romano C, Cottone M. Heart failure and anti tumor necrosis factor-alpha in systemic chronic inflammatory diseases. Eur J Intern Med 2013; 24:385-92. [PMID: 23333028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) antagonists have emerged as an effective therapy for patients with diseases as Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and other chronic systemic inflammatory diseases. In the last years, there has been a growing interest in the role that inflammatory cytokines, which sustain the pathogenesis of these diseases, plays in regulating cardiac structure and function, particularly in the progression of chronic heart failure. In fact there is an increase of anti-TNF alpha levels in advanced heart failure but the treatment with anti-TNF alpha has been shown to worsen the prognosis of heart failure in randomized controlled trials. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and anti-TNF alpha therapy seems to be beneficial on the risk of cardiovascular disease. In Crohn's disease the increased risk of cardiovascular disease is controversial and therefore it is impossible to demonstrate an effect in reduction of the risk; however, heart failure in patients treated with anti-TNF alpha, despite in a small proportion, has been observed. On the basis of this observation, anti-TNF alpha therapy is contraindicated in patients with Crohn's disease and III-IV New York Heart Association heart failure class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Sinagra
- DIBIMIS, Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia, Vincenzo Cervello, Division of Internal Medicine, via trabucco 180, Palermo, Italy.
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Cialdella P, Pedicino D, Gustapane M, Santangeli P, Narducci ML, Pelargonio G, Basile E, Giglio AF, Pazzano V, Vitulano N, Bellocci F. Inflammatory markers in heart failure. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2013; 14:342-50. [DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0b013e328349afb6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abu-Sittah GS, Sarhane KA, Dibo SA, Ibrahim A. Cardiovascular dysfunction in burns: review of the literature. ANNALS OF BURNS AND FIRE DISASTERS 2012; 25:26-37. [PMID: 23012613 PMCID: PMC3431724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Major burn injury produces substantial hemodynamic and cardiodynamic derangements, which contribute to the development of sepsis, multiple organ failure, and death. Cardiac stress is the hallmark of the acute phase response and its severity determines postburn outcomes, with poorer outcomes associated with cardiac dysfunction. With available evidence from the literature, the present is a comprehensive review of cardiac dysfunction in burns as well as the different monitoring modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Abu-Sittah
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center
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Arruda-Olson AM, Roger VL, Chai HS, de Andrade M, Fridley BL, Cunningham JM, Gabriel SE, Bielinski SJ. Association of TNFSF8 polymorphisms with peripheral neutrophil count. Mayo Clin Proc 2011; 86:1075-81. [PMID: 22033252 PMCID: PMC3202998 DOI: 10.4065/mcp.2011.0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between 347 single-nucleotide polymorphisms within candidate genes of the tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 1 and interleukin 6 families with neutrophil count. PATIENTS AND METHODS Four hundred cases with heart failure after myocardial infarction (MI) were matched by age, sex, and date of incident MI to 694 controls (MI without post-MI heart failure). Both genotypes and neutrophil count at admission for incident MI were available in 314 cases and 515 controls. RESULTS We found significant associations between the TNFSF8 poly morphisms rs927374 (P=5.1 x 10(-5)) and rs2295800 (P=1.3 x 10(-4)) and neutrophil count; these single-nucleotide polymorphisms are in high linkage disequilibrium (r(2)=0.97). Associations persisted after controlling for clinical characteristics and were unchanged after adjusting for case-control status. For rs927374, the neutrophil count of GG homozygotes (7.6±5.1) was 16% lower than that of CC homozygotes (9.0±5.2). CONCLUSION The TNFSF8 polymorphisms rs927374 and rs2295800 were associated with neutrophil count. This finding suggests that post-MI inflammatory response is genetically modulated.
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Wrigley BJ, Lip GYH, Shantsila E. The role of monocytes and inflammation in the pathophysiology of heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2011; 13:1161-71. [PMID: 21952932 DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfr122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence to support an important role of inflammation in the underlying pathophysiology of heart failure (HF). Indeed, inflammatory cytokine levels are well recognized to be increased in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and appear to have prognostic implications. Monocytes play a pivotal role in the inflammatory cascade and are a major source of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. They are intimately involved in tissue damage and repair and an imbalance of these processes may have detrimental consequences for the failing myocardium. Importantly, monocytes comprise of distinct subsets with different cell surface markers and functional characteristics and this heterogeneity may be important in understanding their specific role in HF. In HF, monocyte activation involves interplay between pattern recognition molecules, endotoxins, cytokines, and acute phase proteins. Activated monocytes migrate to the myocardium in response to powerful chemokines, where they must then attach to the endothelial wall before infiltrating into the myocardium itself. This review article aims to discuss the role of monocytes and inflammation in HF, focusing on monocyte activation, mobilisation, recruitment and endothelial adherence, as well as the effects they may have on myocardial performance. The therapeutic modulation of inflammation and monocyte activation in HF treatment will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Wrigley
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham B18 7QH, UK
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Abstract
The cytokine hypothesis presently suggests that an excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF) and interleukin 6 (IL6), contributes to the pathogenesis of heart failure. The concept, successfully proved in genetically modified animal models, failed to translate to humans. Recently, accumulation of apparently paradoxical experimental data demonstrates that, under certain conditions, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines can initiate the activation of a pro-survival cardioprotective signalling pathway. This novel path that involves the activation of a transcription factor, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), has been termed the survival activating factor enhancement (SAFE) pathway. In this review, we will discuss whether targeting the SAFE pathway may be considered as a preventive and/or therapeutic measure for the treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Szijártó A, Turóczi Z, Arányi P, Nagy Z, Gyurkovics E. [Acute and critical ischemia of the lower limb]. Orv Hetil 2010; 151:2057-66. [PMID: 21126948 DOI: 10.1556/oh.2010.28980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute limb arterial occlusion has great clinical significance due to its high mortality and complication rates. Its diagnosis is easy; however staging after long-term occlusions can be very difficult with lack of exact criteria. It is crucial, since reversible stage should undergo revascularization, while with irreversible stage only amputation is curative. Due to occlusion, long-term ischemia occurs, resulting in injury of the muscle fibers and endothelial cells. In case of revascularization the reperfusion causes more damage, than ischemia alone locally and initiates a remote organ injury. The aim of the review is to summarize the knowledge and fact and focus on some exact methods or parameters which can determine the degree of injury. One of these methods is a new approach which is the use of enzyme-histochemical reactions, and could give rapid, precise results even preoperatively regarding tissue viability. Routine clinical application of it is predictable after proper standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Szijártó
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar I. Sebészeti Klinika, Budapest.
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Bellot P, García-Pagán JC, Francés R, Abraldes JG, Navasa M, Pérez-Mateo M, Such J, Bosch J. Bacterial DNA translocation is associated with systemic circulatory abnormalities and intrahepatic endothelial dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology 2010; 52:2044-52. [PMID: 20979050 DOI: 10.1002/hep.23918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Presence of bacterial DNA in noninfected patients with cirrhosis and ascites is associated with a marked inflammatory response including activation of the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase and release of nitric oxide, similar to that observed in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Although presence of bacterial DNA is associated with an impaired prognosis, no information is available regarding its hemodynamic consequences. Systemic and hepatic hemodynamics before and after a liquid test meal were assessed in a series of 75 noninfected patients with cirrhosis (55 with ascites). Bacterial DNA was measured by polymerase chain reaction. Bacterial DNA was detected only in patients with ascites. Clinical data and liver function were similar in ascitic patients with presence (n = 21) or absence of bacterial DNA (n = 34). Bacterial-DNA(+) patients had significantly lower mean arterial pressure (P = 0.002) and systemic vascular resistance (P = 0.03) than bacterial-DNA(-) patients. Cardiac output, cardiopulmonary pressures, hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG), and hepatic blood flow were similar in both groups. Thirty minutes after the test meal, in response to increased blood flow caused by postprandial hyperemia, there was a significantly greater increase in HVPG and impaired hepatic vasorelaxation in bacterial-DNA(+) as compared with bacterial-DNA(-) patients, which indicates hepatic endothelial dysfunction. Indeed, the increase in HVPG after the test meal significantly correlated with serum bacterial DNA concentration. CONCLUSION Presence of bacterial DNA, a marker of bacterial translocation, is associated with aggravation of peripheral vasodilation and with worsening of intrahepatic endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Bellot
- Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
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