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Liao CH, Tsai CL, Chang SY, Lin YH, Wang YC, Huang WC, Mong MC, Yang YC, Wu WT, Chen JC, Tsai CW, Bau DAT, Chang WS. Impacts of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Genotypes on Renal Cell Carcinoma. In Vivo 2023; 37:2452-2458. [PMID: 37905646 PMCID: PMC10621411 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) is elevated in various renal diseases, including renal cell carcinoma. However, the role of MMP9 genotype in this context remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between MMP9 promoter rs3918242 genotypes and the risk of renal cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MMP9 rs3918242 genotypes of 118 patients with renal cell carcinoma and 590 healthy subjects were determined using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS The results indicated that individuals carrying the CT or TT genotype of MMP9 rs3918242 did not exhibit an increased risk of renal cell carcinoma compared to wild-type CC carriers (odds ratio=1.20 and 2.68, 95% confidence interval=0.75-1.92 and 0.89-8.03; p=0.5270 and 0.1420, respectively). However, individuals with the CT and TT genotypes had a higher prevalence of renal cell carcinoma than those with the CC genotype when they also had hypertension (p=0.0010), diabetes (p=0.0010), or a family history of cancer (p<0.00001). No correlation was observed between MMP9 rs3918242 genotypic distribution and age (60 years or younger vs. older than 60 years) or sex (both p>0.05). Additionally, no correlation was found between MMP9 rs3918242 genotype and the risk of renal cell carcinoma in individuals with smoking or alcohol consumption habits. CONCLUSION Carrying the T allele for MMP9 rs3918242 may predict a higher risk of renal cell carcinoma among individuals diagnosed with hypertension, diabetes, or with a family history of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsi Liao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chung-Lin Tsai
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Division of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Yu Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Nephrology, Chang-Hua Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Hsin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yun-Chi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Chin Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mei-Chin Mong
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ya-Chen Yang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Tzu Wu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jaw-Chyun Chen
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Wen Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - DA-Tian Bau
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.;
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Shin Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.;
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Cai M, Xiang Y, Li Z, Xie J, Wen F. Network pharmacology and molecular docking predictions of the active compounds and mechanism of action of Huangkui capsule for the treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35214. [PMID: 37713831 PMCID: PMC10508523 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Huangkui Capsule is a single herbal concoction prepared from the flower of Abelmoschus manihot, which is used to treat idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN), a frequent pathologically damaging kidney condition. It has been widely utilized to treat a variety of renal disorders, including IMN, in clinical practice. However, the active compounds and mechanism of action underlying the anti-IMN effects of Huangkui Capsule remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to predict the potential active compounds and molecular targets of Huangkui Capsule for the treatment of IMN. METHODS The possible active components of Huangkui were located using the SymMap v2 database. The targets of these drugs were predicted using Swiss Target Prediction, while IMN-related genes with association scores under 5 were gathered from the GeneCards and DisGeNET databases. The common targets of the disease and the components were determined using VENNY 2.1. Using Cytoscape 3.8.0, a drug-disease network diagram was created. Molecular docking was carried out with Pymol, AutoDock Tools, and AutoDock Vina. RESULTS With 1260 IMN-related illness genes gathered from GeneCards and DisGeNET databases, we were able to identify 5 potentially active chemicals and their 169 target proteins in Huangkui. Based on degree value, the top 6 targets for Huangkui treatment of IMN were chosen, including AKT, MAPK3, PPARG, MMP9, ESR1, and KDR. CONCLUSION This work theoretically explains the mechanism of action of Huangkui Capsule in treating IMN and offers a foundation for using Huangkui Capsule in treating IMN in clinical settings. The findings require additional experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Cai
- Nephrology Department, Secondary Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yongjing Xiang
- Nephrology Department, Secondary Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhengsheng Li
- Nephrology Department, Secondary Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Juan Xie
- Nephrology Department, Secondary Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Fulong Wen
- Nephrology Department, Secondary Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
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Membranous nephropathy: new pathogenic mechanisms and their clinical implications. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:466-478. [PMID: 35484394 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-022-00564-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Membranous nephropathy (MN) is characterized histomorphologically by the presence of immune deposits in the subepithelial space of the glomerular filtration barrier; its clinical hallmarks are nephrotic range proteinuria with oedema. In patients with primary MN, autoimmunity is driven by circulating autoantibodies that bind to one or more antigens on the surface of glomerular podocytes. Compared with other autoimmune kidney diseases, the understanding of the pathogenesis of MN has substantially improved in the past decade, thanks to the discovery of pathogenic circulating autoantibodies against phospholipase A2 receptor 1 (PLA2R1) and thrombospondin type 1 domain-containing protein 7A (THSD7A). The subsequent identification of more proteins associated with MN, some of which are also endogenous podocyte antigens, might further advance the clinical characterization of MN, including its diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Insights from studies in patients with MN, combined with the development of novel in vivo and in vitro experimental models, have potential to improve the management of patients with MN. Characterizing the interaction between autoimmunity and local glomerular lesions provides an opportunity to develop more specific, pathogenesis-based treatments.
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Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases in kidney disease. Adv Clin Chem 2021; 105:141-212. [PMID: 34809827 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of zinc and calcium endopeptidases which cleave extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. They are also involved in the degradation of cell surface components and regulate multiple cellular processes, cell to cell interactions, cell proliferation, and cell signaling pathways. MMPs function in close interaction with the endogenous tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs), both of which regulate cell turnover, modulate various growth factors, and participate in the progression of tissue fibrosis and apoptosis. The multiple roles of MMPs and TIMPs are continuously elucidated in kidney development and repair, as well as in a number of kidney diseases. This chapter focuses on the current findings of the significance of MMPs and TIMPs in a wide range of kidney diseases, whether they result from kidney tissue changes, hemodynamic alterations, tubular epithelial cell apoptosis, inflammation, or fibrosis. In addition, the potential use of these endopeptidases as biomarkers of renal dysfunction and as targets for therapeutic interventions to attenuate kidney disease are also explored in this review.
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Urinary Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Nephrin in Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy: A Cross-Sectional Study. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:1620545. [PMID: 34707724 PMCID: PMC8545589 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1620545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) has a varied clinical course that requires accurate prediction as a prerequisite for treatment administration. Currently, its prognosis relies on proteinuria, a clinical parameter whose onset lags behind kidney injury. Increased urinary excretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and nephrin has been reported in a number of IMN-like glomerular diseases in which they reflected disease severity. However, little or nothing is known of the importance of these biomarkers in IMN, a major cause of adult nephrotic syndrome. To highlight their potential, we measured both biomarkers and assessed their relationships with key parameters of renal function in IMN. Methods We quantified urinary MMP-9 and nephrin in 107 biopsy-proven IMN patients and 70 healthy subjects by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We then compared biomarker levels between patients and healthy subjects and among patients with different clinical features. We also determined the relationship of each biomarker with proteinuria and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Results Urinary MMP-9 and nephrin were significantly higher in IMN compared to healthy controls. Unlike nephrin, MMP-9 correlated significantly with proteinuria and was significantly higher among patients with nephrotic range proteinuria. Both biomarkers were correlated with eGFR, but only MMP-9 was significantly higher in patients with eGFR less than 90 ml/min/1.73 m2. Conclusion Our findings suggest that urinary MMP-9 holds a greater potential than urinary nephrin in monitoring the severity of IMN.
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Liu W, Huang G, Rui H, Geng J, Hu H, Huang Y, Huo G, Liu B, Xu A. Course monitoring of membranous nephropathy: Both autoantibodies and podocytes require multidimensional attention. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 21:102976. [PMID: 34757091 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A variety of podocyte antigens have been identified in human membranous nephropathy (MN), which is divided into various antigen-dominated subtypes, confirming the concept that MN is the common pattern of glomerular injury in multiple autoimmune responses. The detection of autoantibodies has been widely used, which promoted the clinical practice of MN toward personalized precision medicine. However, given the potential risks of immunosuppressive therapy, more autoantibodies and biomarkers need to be identified to predict the prognosis and therapeutic response of MN more accurately. In this review, we attempted to summarize the autoantigens/autoantibodies and autoimmune mechanisms that can predict disease states based on the current understanding of MN pathogenesis, especially the podocyte injury manifestations. In conclusion, both the autoimmune response and podocyte injury require multidimensional attention in the disease course of MN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guangrui Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongliang Rui
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Geng
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haikun Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yujiao Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guiyang Huo
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baoli Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Anlong Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Chebotareva N, Bobkova I, Lysenko L, Moiseev S. Urinary Markers of Podocyte Dysfunction in Chronic Glomerulonephritis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1306:81-99. [PMID: 33959907 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63908-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) is a disease with a steady progressive course that involves the development of nephrosclerosis, which is especially evident in clinical courses with incidences of high proteinuria (PU). Currently, proteinuria is considered the main laboratory feature (sign) of CGN activity and progression because proteinuria is closely related to the process of tubulointerstitial fibrosis, which is correlated with the grade of renal insufficiency. The injury to podocytes, which are key components of the filtration barrier, plays a central role in proteinuria development. The detachment of podocytes from the glomerular basement membrane leading to podocytopenia is suggested to induce glomerulosclerosis and hyalinosis with obliteration of capillary loops and the progression of chronic kidney disease. Urinary markers of podocyte dysfunction could serve as useful tools while monitoring the activity and prognosis of CGN. In this chapter, the most important mechanisms of podocyte loss and urinary markers of this process are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Chebotareva
- Tareev Clinic, Department of Nephrology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Irina Bobkova
- Tareev Clinic, Department of Nephrology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lidia Lysenko
- Tareev Clinic, Department of Nephrology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Moiseev
- Tareev Clinic, Department of Nephrology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Odiatis C, Savva I, Pieri M, Ioannou P, Petrou P, Papagregoriou G, Antoniadou K, Makrides N, Stefanou C, Ljubanović DG, Nikolaou G, Borza DB, Stylianou K, Gross O, Deltas C. A glycine substitution in the collagenous domain of Col4a3 in mice recapitulates late onset Alport syndrome. Matrix Biol Plus 2020; 9:100053. [PMID: 33718859 PMCID: PMC7930875 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2020.100053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alport syndrome (AS) is a severe inherited glomerulopathy caused by mutations in the genes encoding the α-chains of type-IV collagen, the most abundant component of the extracellular glomerular basement membrane (GBM). Currently most AS mouse models are knockout models for one of the collagen-IV genes. In contrast, about half of AS patients have missense mutations, with single aminoacid substitutions of glycine being the most common. The only mouse model for AS with a homozygous knockin missense mutation, Col4a3-p.Gly1332Glu, was partly described before by our group. Here, a detailed in-depth description of the same mouse is presented, along with another compound heterozygous mouse that carries the glycine substitution in trans with a knockout allele. Both mice recapitulate essential features of AS, including shorten lifespan by 30–35%, increased proteinuria, increased serum urea and creatinine, pathognomonic alternate GBM thinning and thickening, and podocyte foot process effacement. Notably, glomeruli and tubuli respond differently to mutant collagen-IV protomers, with reduced expression in tubules but apparently normal in glomeruli. However, equally important is the fact that in the glomeruli the mutant α3-chain as well as the normal α4/α5 chains seem to undergo a cleavage at, or near the point of the mutation, possibly by the metalloproteinase MMP-9, producing a 35 kDa C-terminal fragment. These mouse models represent a good tool for better understanding the spectrum of molecular mechanisms governing collagen-IV nephropathies and could be used for pre-clinical studies aimed at better treatments for AS. Two mouse models were generated that recapitulate essential features of AS patients. Glomeruli and tubuli respond differently to mutant collagen IV protomers. The mutant colIV protomers in glomeruli probably undergo a cleavage process by MMP9. The two AS mouse models represent a good tool for studying collagen-IV nephropathies. These models could be used for pre-clinical studies aimed at better treatments.
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Key Words
- ARAS, autosomal recessive alport syndrome
- AS, alport syndrome
- Alport syndrome
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- Collagen-IV
- EM, electron microscopy
- ESRD, end stage renal disease
- GBM, glomerular basement membrane
- Glomerular basement membrane
- Glycine missense mutation
- Kidney disease
- Mouse model
- PAS, periodic acid schiff
- TBM, tubular basement membrane
- TGF-b1, transforming growth factor beta1
- UPR, unfolded protein response
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoforos Odiatis
- Center of Excellence in Biobanking and Biomedical Research, Molecular Medicine Research Center, University of Cyprus Medical School, Cyprus
| | - Isavella Savva
- Center of Excellence in Biobanking and Biomedical Research, Molecular Medicine Research Center, University of Cyprus Medical School, Cyprus
| | - Myrtani Pieri
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Pavlos Ioannou
- Center of Excellence in Biobanking and Biomedical Research, Molecular Medicine Research Center, University of Cyprus Medical School, Cyprus
| | - Petros Petrou
- Department of Biochemistry, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Cyprus
| | - Gregory Papagregoriou
- Center of Excellence in Biobanking and Biomedical Research, Molecular Medicine Research Center, University of Cyprus Medical School, Cyprus
| | - Kyriaki Antoniadou
- Center of Excellence in Biobanking and Biomedical Research, Molecular Medicine Research Center, University of Cyprus Medical School, Cyprus
| | - Neoklis Makrides
- Department of Developmental Functional Genetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Cyprus
| | - Charalambos Stefanou
- Center of Excellence in Biobanking and Biomedical Research, Molecular Medicine Research Center, University of Cyprus Medical School, Cyprus
| | | | - Georgios Nikolaou
- Veterinary diagnostic laboratory, Vet ex Machina LTD, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Dorin-Bogdan Borza
- Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Kostas Stylianou
- Department of Nephrology, University of Crete Medical School, Greece
| | - Oliver Gross
- Clinic for Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Constantinos Deltas
- Center of Excellence in Biobanking and Biomedical Research, Molecular Medicine Research Center, University of Cyprus Medical School, Cyprus
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Ozawa S, Matsubayashi M, Nanaura H, Yanagita M, Mori K, Asanuma K, Kajiwara N, Hayashi K, Ohashi H, Kasahara M, Yokoi H, Kataoka H, Mori E, Nakagawa T. Proteolytic cleavage of Podocin by Matriptase exacerbates podocyte injury. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16002-16012. [PMID: 32907879 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury is a critical step toward the progression of renal disease and is often associated with a loss of slit diaphragm proteins, including Podocin. Although there is a possibility that the extracellular domain of these slit diaphragm proteins can be a target for a pathological proteolysis, the precise mechanism driving the phenomenon remains unknown. Here we show that Matriptase, a membrane-anchored protein, was activated at podocytes in CKD patients and mice, whereas Matriptase inhibitors slowed the progression of mouse kidney disease. The mechanism could be accounted for by an imbalance favoring Matriptase over its cognate inhibitor, hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 (HAI-1), because conditional depletion of HAI-1 in podocytes accelerated podocyte injury in mouse model. Matriptase was capable of cleaving Podocin, but such a reaction was blocked by either HAI-1 or dominant-negative Matriptase. Furthermore, the N terminus of Podocin, as a consequence of Matriptase cleavage of Podocin, translocated to nucleoli, suggesting that the N terminus of Podocin might be involved in the process of podocyte injury. Given these observations, we propose that the proteolytic cleavage of Podocin by Matriptase could potentially cause podocyte injury and that targeting Matriptase could be a novel therapeutic strategy for CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Ozawa
- TMK Project at the Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Research Unit/Innovative Medical Science, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaya Matsubayashi
- Department of Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Hitoki Nanaura
- Department of Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- TMK Project at the Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Mori
- TMK Project at the Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Asanuma
- TMK Project at the Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Nephrology, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Kazuyuki Hayashi
- Department of Nephrology, Ikeda City Hospital, Ikeda, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohashi
- Department of Pathology, Ikeda City Hospital, Ikeda, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masato Kasahara
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Hideki Yokoi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kataoka
- Department of Pathology, University of Miyazaki, Kihara, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Mori
- Department of Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
| | - Takahiko Nakagawa
- TMK Project at the Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
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Hanata N, Shoda H, Hatano H, Nagafuchi Y, Komai T, Okamura T, Suzuki A, Gunarta IK, Yoshioka K, Yamamoto K, Fujio K. Peptidylarginine Deiminase 4 Promotes the Renal Infiltration of Neutrophils and Exacerbates the TLR7 Agonist-Induced Lupus Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1095. [PMID: 32655553 PMCID: PMC7324481 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), encoded by PADI4, plays critical roles in the immune system; however, its contribution to the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis remains controversial. The pathological roles of PAD4 were investigated in lupus model mice. An imiquimod (IMQ)-induced lupus model was analyzed in wild-type (WT) and Padi4-knockout (KO) mice. Proteinuria, serum anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibody, and renal infiltrated cells were evaluated. Neutrophil migration and adhesion were assessed using adoptive transfer and adhesion assay. PAD4-regulated pathways were identified by RNA-sequencing of Padi4 KO neutrophils. Padi4 KO mice exhibited significant improvements in proteinuria progression compared with WT mice, whereas, serum anti-dsDNA antibody and immune complex deposition in the glomeruli showed no difference between both mice strains. Padi4 KO mice showed decreased neutrophil infiltration in the kidneys. Adoptively transferred Padi4 KO neutrophils showed decreased migration to the kidneys of IMQ-treated WT mice, and adhesion to ICAM-1 was impaired in Padi4 KO neutrophils. Padi4 KO neutrophils exhibited reduced upregulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)-primed Padi4 KO neutrophils demonstrated reduced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and lower expression of JNK-associated leucine zipper protein (JLP), a p38 MAPK scaffold protein. Neutrophils from heterozygous Jlp KO mice showed impaired adhesion to ICAM-1 and decreased migration to the kidneys of IMQ-treated WT mice. These results indicated a pivotal role of PAD4-p38 MAPK pathway in renal neutrophil infiltration in TLR7 agonist-induced lupus nephritis, and the importance of neutrophil-mediated kidney inflammation. Inhibition of the PAD4-p38 MAPK pathway may help in formulating a novel therapeutic strategy against lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Hanata
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Shoda
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hatano
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Nagafuchi
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Komai
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Okamura
- Department of Functional Genomics and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akari Suzuki
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - I Ketut Gunarta
- Division of Molecular Cell Signaling, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsuji Yoshioka
- Division of Molecular Cell Signaling, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Papakrivopoulou E, Vasilopoulou E, Lindenmeyer MT, Pacheco S, Brzóska HŁ, Price KL, Kolatsi‐Joannou M, White KE, Henderson DJ, Dean CH, Cohen CD, Salama AD, Woolf AS, Long DA. Vangl2, a planar cell polarity molecule, is implicated in irreversible and reversible kidney glomerular injury. J Pathol 2018; 246:485-496. [PMID: 30125361 PMCID: PMC6282744 DOI: 10.1002/path.5158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) pathways control the orientation and alignment of epithelial cells within tissues. Van Gogh-like 2 (Vangl2) is a key PCP protein that is required for the normal differentiation of kidney glomeruli and tubules. Vangl2 has also been implicated in modifying the course of acquired glomerular disease, and here, we further explored how Vangl2 impacts on glomerular pathobiology in this context. Targeted genetic deletion of Vangl2 in mouse glomerular epithelial podocytes enhanced the severity of not only irreversible accelerated nephrotoxic nephritis but also lipopolysaccharide-induced reversible glomerular damage. In each proteinuric model, genetic deletion of Vangl2 in podocytes was associated with an increased ratio of active-MMP9 to inactive MMP9, an enzyme involved in tissue remodelling. In addition, by interrogating microarray data from two cohorts of renal patients, we report increased VANGL2 transcript levels in the glomeruli of individuals with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, suggesting that the molecule may also be involved in certain human glomerular diseases. These observations support the conclusion that Vangl2 modulates glomerular injury, at least in part by acting as a brake on MMP9, a potentially harmful endogenous enzyme. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Polarity
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme Activation
- Female
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/genetics
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/metabolism
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/pathology
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/physiopathology
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Kidney Glomerulus/metabolism
- Kidney Glomerulus/pathology
- Kidney Glomerulus/physiopathology
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Middle Aged
- Nephrosis, Lipoid/genetics
- Nephrosis, Lipoid/metabolism
- Nephrosis, Lipoid/pathology
- Nephrosis, Lipoid/physiopathology
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/deficiency
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Podocytes/metabolism
- Podocytes/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Papakrivopoulou
- Developmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Elisavet Vasilopoulou
- Developmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
- Medway School of PharmacyUniversity of KentChatham MaritimeUK
| | - Maja T Lindenmeyer
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IVUniversity of MunichMunichGermany
- Department of MedicineUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Sabrina Pacheco
- Developmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Hortensja Ł Brzóska
- Developmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Karen L Price
- Developmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Maria Kolatsi‐Joannou
- Developmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Kathryn E White
- Electron Microscopy Research ServicesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Deborah J Henderson
- Cardiovascular Research CentreInstitute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Charlotte H Dean
- Inflammation Repair and Development SectionNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Clemens D Cohen
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IVUniversity of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Alan D Salama
- University College London Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free HospitalLondonUK
| | - Adrian S Woolf
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthSchool of Biological Sciences, University of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
| | - David A Long
- Developmental Biology and Cancer ProgrammeUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
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12
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Bieniaś B, Sikora P. Urinary metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases as potential early biomarkers for renal fibrosis in children with nephrotic syndrome. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e9964. [PMID: 29465592 PMCID: PMC5841961 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In chronic glomerulopathies, renal fibrosis (RF) results from extracellular matrix remodeling processes regulated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP). We assessed urinary (u-) and serum (s-) MMP-1, -2, -9, TIMP-1, -2 concentrations and MMP-1, -2, -9/TIMP-1, -2 ratios in children with nephrotic syndrome. Steroid-dependent and steroid-resistant nephrotic patients (SDNS-Ps and SRNS-Ps, respectively) were compared with respect to measured parameters. The correlations of measured parameters with magnitude of proteinuria and histopathological diagnosis were determined.The study comprised of 39 children with nephrotic syndrome and 20 healthy controls. Twenty-three patients had SDNS and 16 ones-SRNS. The concentrations MMPs and TIMPs were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.In nephrotic patients, higher u-MMP-1, -2, -9/creatinine ratios and u-TIMP-1, -2/creatinine ratios were observed as compared with controls. Nephrotic children were also characterized by lower MMP-1, -2, -9/TIMP-1 ratios. In SRNS-Ps, u-MMP-2/creatinine ratio and u-TIMP-1/creatinine ratio were higher as compared with SDNS-Ps. Magnitude of proteinuria correlated positively with u-MMP-2/creatinine ratio and negatively with u-MMP-2/TIMP-1. In minimal change disease (MCD) patients as compared with those with other glomerulopathies, there was higher u-MMP-2/TIMP-1 ratio. No significant differences in s-MMPs, s-TIMPs, and s-MMPs/TIMPs ratios between nephrotic patients and controls were observed.Children with nephrotic syndrome are characterized by increased u-fibrotic biomarkers excretions. U-MMP-1, -2, -9 excretions and u-MMP-2/TIMP-1 ratio may become potential early biomarkers for RF. SRNS-Ps, those with heavier proteinuria and other than MCD glomerulopathies, seem to be more susceptible to early RF.
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13
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Ogbureke KUE, Koli K, Saxena G. Matrix Metalloproteinase 20 Co-expression With Dentin Sialophosphoprotein in Human and Monkey Kidneys. J Histochem Cytochem 2017; 64:623-36. [PMID: 27666430 DOI: 10.1369/0022155416665098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 20 (MMP20), hitherto thought to be tooth specific, in the metabolically active ductal epithelial cells of human salivary glands. Furthermore, our report indicated that MMP20 co-expressed and potentially interacts with dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), a member of the small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoproteins (SIBLINGs). Our earlier reports have shown the co-expression of three MMPs, MMP2, MMP3, and MMP9, with specific members of the SIBLING family: bone sialoprotein, osteopontin, and dentin matrix protein 1, respectively. This study investigated the expression of MMP20 and verified its co-expression with DSPP in human and monkey kidney sections and human mixed renal cells by IHC, in situ proximity ligation assay, and immunofluorescence. Our results show that MMP20 is expressed in all segments of the human and monkey nephron with marked intensity in the proximal and distal tubules, and was absent in the glomeruli. Furthermore, MMP20 co-expressed with DSPP in the proximal, distal, and collecting tubules, and in mixed renal cells. Consistent with other SIBLING-MMP pairs, the DSPP-MMP20 pair may play a role in the normal turnover of cell surface proteins and/or repair of pericellular matrix proteins of the basement membranes in the metabolically active duct epithelial system of the nephrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalu U E Ogbureke
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (KUEO, KK, GS)
| | - Komal Koli
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (KUEO, KK, GS)
| | - Geetu Saxena
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (KUEO, KK, GS)
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14
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Parrish AR. Matrix Metalloproteinases in Kidney Disease: Role in Pathogenesis and Potential as a Therapeutic Target. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 148:31-65. [PMID: 28662825 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are large family of proteinases. In addition to a fundamental role in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix, they also cleave a number of cell surface proteins and are involved in multiple cellular processes. MMP activity is regulated via numerous mechanisms, including inhibition by endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Similar to MMPs, a role for TIMPs has been established in multiple cell signaling pathways. Aberrant expression of MMPs and TIMPS in renal pathophysiology has long been recognized, and with the generation of specific knockout mice, the mechanistic role of several MMPs and TIMPs is becoming more understood and has revealed both pathogenic and protective roles. This chapter will focus on the expression and localization of MMPs and TIMPs in the kidney, as well as summarizing the current information linking these proteins to acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. In addition, we will summarize studies suggesting that MMPs and TIMPs may be biomarkers of renal dysfunction and represent novel therapeutic targets to attenuate kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Parrish
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.
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15
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Abstract
The Xenopus genus includes several members of aquatic frogs native to Africa but is perhaps best known for the species Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis. These species were popularized as model organisms from as early as the 1800s and have been instrumental in expanding several biological fields including cell biology, environmental toxicology, regenerative biology, and developmental biology. In fact, much of what we know about the formation and maturation of the vertebrate renal system has been acquired by examining the intricate genetic and morphological patterns that epitomize nephrogenesis in Xenopus. From these numerous reports, we have learned that the process of kidney development is as unique among organs as it is conserved among vertebrates. While development of most organs involves increases in size at a single location, development of the kidney occurs through a series of three increasingly complex nephric structures that are temporally distinct from one another and which occupy discrete spatial locales within the body. These three renal systems all serve to provide homeostatic, osmoregulatory, and excretory functions in animals. Importantly, the kidneys in amphibians, such as Xenopus, are less complex and more easily accessed than those in mammals, and thus tadpoles and frogs provide useful models for understanding our own kidney development. Several descriptive and mechanistic studies conducted with the Xenopus model system have allowed us to elucidate the cellular and molecular mediators of renal patterning and have also laid the foundation for our current understanding of kidney repair mechanisms in vertebrates. While some species-specific responses to renal injury have been observed, we still recognize the advantage of the Xenopus system due to its distinctive similarity to mammalian wound healing, reparative, and regenerative responses. In addition, the first evidence of renal regeneration in an amphibian system was recently demonstrated in Xenopus laevis. As genetic and molecular tools continue to advance, our appreciation for and utilization of this amphibian model organism can only intensify and will certainly provide ample opportunities to further our understanding of renal development and repair.
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16
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Rigothier C, Daculsi R, Lepreux S, Auguste P, Villeneuve J, Dewitte A, Doudnikoff E, Saleem M, Bourget C, Combe C, Ripoche J. CD154 Induces Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Secretion in Human Podocytes. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:2737-2747. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Rigothier
- INSERM U1026; Université de Bordeaux; F-33076 Bordeaux France
- Service de Néphrologie Transplantation Dialyse; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux; F-33076 Bordeaux France
| | - Richard Daculsi
- INSERM U1026; Université de Bordeaux; F-33076 Bordeaux France
| | | | | | - Julien Villeneuve
- Cell and Developmental Biology Programme; Centre for Genomic Regulation; 08003 Barcelona Spain
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of California; Berkeley California 94720-3200
| | - Antoine Dewitte
- INSERM U1026; Université de Bordeaux; F-33076 Bordeaux France
- Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation II; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux; F-33600 Pessac France
| | - Evelyne Doudnikoff
- CNRS UMR 5293; Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives; F-33076 Bordeaux France
| | - Moin Saleem
- Children's Renal Unit and Academic Renal Unit; University of Bristol; Bristol United Kingdom
| | - Chantal Bourget
- INSERM U1026; Université de Bordeaux; F-33076 Bordeaux France
| | - Christian Combe
- INSERM U1026; Université de Bordeaux; F-33076 Bordeaux France
- Service de Néphrologie Transplantation Dialyse; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux; F-33076 Bordeaux France
| | - Jean Ripoche
- INSERM U1026; Université de Bordeaux; F-33076 Bordeaux France
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17
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Lai WL, Yeh TH, Chen PM, Chan CK, Chiang WC, Chen YM, Wu KD, Tsai TJ. Membranous nephropathy: a review on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. J Formos Med Assoc 2015; 114:102-11. [PMID: 25558821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In adults, membranous nephropathy (MN) is a major cause of nephrotic syndrome. However, the etiology of approximately 75% of MN cases is idiopathic. Secondary causes of MN are autoimmune diseases, infection, drugs, and malignancy. The pathogenesis of MN involves formation of immune complex in subepithelial sites, but the definite mechanism is still unknown. There are three hypotheses about the formation of immune complex, including preformed immune complex, in situ immune-complex formation, and autoantibody against podocyte membrane antigen. The formation of immune complex initiates complement activation, which subsequently leads to glomerular damage. Recently, the antiphospholipase A2 receptor antibody was found to be associated with idiopathic MN. This finding may be useful in the diagnosis and prognosis of MN. The current treatment includes best supportive care, which consists of the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers, lipid-lowering agents, and optimal control of blood pressure. Immunosuppressive agents should be used for patients who suffer from refractory proteinuria or complications associated with nephrotic syndrome. Existing evidence supports the use of a combination of steroid and alkylating agents. This article reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and the treatment of MN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ling Lai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting Hao Yeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping Min Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh Kai Chan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen Chih Chiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yung Ming Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kwan Dun Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tun Jun Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Ji X, Naito Y, Weng H, Ma X, Endo K, Kito N, Yanagawa N, Yu Y, Li J, Iwai N. Renoprotective mechanisms of pirfenidone in hypertension-induced renal injury: through anti-fibrotic and anti-oxidative stress pathways. Biomed Res 2014; 34:309-19. [PMID: 24389407 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.34.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pirfenidone (PFD) is a novel anti-fibrotic agent that targets TGFβ. However, the mechanisms underlying its renoprotective properties in hypertension-induced renal injury are poorly understood. We investigated the renoprotective properties of PFD and clarified its renoprotective mechanisms in a rat hypertension-induced renal injury model. Dahl salt-sensitive rats were fed a high-salt diet with or without 1% PFD for 6 weeks. During the administration period, we examined the effects of PFD on blood pressure and renal function. After the administration, the protein levels of renal TGFβ, Smad2/3, TNFα, MMP9, TIMP1, and catalase were examined. In addition, total serum antioxidant activity was measured. Compared to untreated rats, PFD treatment significantly attenuated blood pressure and proteinuria. Histological study showed that PFD treatment improved renal fibrosis. PFD may exert its anti-fibrotic effects via the downregulation of TGFβ-Smad2/3 signaling, improvement of MMP9/TIMP1 balance, and suppression of fibroblast proliferation. PFD treatment also increased catalase expression and total serum antioxidant activity. In contrast, PFD treatment did not affect the expression of TNFα protein, macrophage or T-cell infiltration, or plasma interleukin 1β levels. PFD prevents renal injury via its anti-fibrotic and anti-oxidative stress mechanisms. Clarifying the renoprotective mechanisms of PFD will help improve treatment for chronic renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
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19
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Hsieh LTH, Nastase MV, Zeng-Brouwers J, Iozzo RV, Schaefer L. Soluble biglycan as a biomarker of inflammatory renal diseases. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 54:223-35. [PMID: 25091702 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic renal inflammation is often associated with a progressive accumulation of various extracellular matrix constituents, including several members of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) gene family. It is becoming increasingly evident that the matrix-unbound SLRPs strongly regulate the progression of inflammation and fibrosis. Soluble SLRPs are generated either via partial proteolytic processing of collagenous matrices or by de novo synthesis evoked by stress or injury. Liberated SLRPs can then bind to and activate Toll-like receptors, thus modulating downstream inflammatory signaling. Preclinical animal models and human studies have recently identified soluble biglycan as a key initiator and regulator of various inflammatory renal diseases. Biglycan, generated by activated macrophages, can enter the circulation and its elevated levels in plasma and renal parenchyma correlate with unfavorable renal function and outcome. In this review, we will focus on the critical role of soluble biglycan in inflammatory signaling in various renal disorders. Moreover, we will provide new data implicating proinflammatory effects of soluble decorin in unilateral ureteral obstruction. Finally, we will critically evaluate the potential application of soluble biglycan vis-à-vis other SLRPs (decorin, lumican and fibromodulin) as a promising target and novel biomarker of inflammatory renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Tzung-Harn Hsieh
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Madalina-Viviana Nastase
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jinyang Zeng-Brouwers
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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20
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Singh VP, Singh N, Jaggi AS. A review on renal toxicity profile of common abusive drugs. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 17:347-57. [PMID: 23946695 PMCID: PMC3741492 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2013.17.4.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Drug abuse has become a major social problem of the modern world and majority of these abusive drugs or their metabolites are excreted through the kidneys and, thus, the renal complications of these drugs are very common. Morphine, heroin, cocaine, nicotine and alcohol are the most commonly abused drugs, and their use is associated with various types of renal toxicity. The renal complications include a wide range of glomerular, interstitial and vascular diseases leading to acute or chronic renal failure. The present review discusses the renal toxicity profile and possible mechanisms of commonly abused drugs including morphine, heroin, cocaine, nicotine, caffeine and alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Parkash Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, India
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21
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N-terminal truncated intracellular matrix metalloproteinase-2 induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, inflammation and systolic heart failure. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68154. [PMID: 23874529 PMCID: PMC3712965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is increasingly recognized as a major contributor to progressive cardiac injury within the setting of ischemia-reperfusion injury and ischemic ventricular remodeling. A common feature of these conditions is an increase in oxidative stress, a process that engages multiple pro-inflammatory and innate immunity cascades. We recently reported on the identification and characterization of an intracellular isoform of MMP-2 generated by oxidative stress-mediated activation of an alternative promoter located within the first intron of the MMP-2 gene. Transcription from this site generates an N-terminal truncated 65 kDa isoform of MMP-2 (NTT-MMP-2) that lacks the secretory sequence and the inhibitory prodomain region. The NTT-MMP-2 isoform is intracellular, enzymatically active and localizes in part to mitochondria. Expression of the NTT-MMP-2 isoform triggers Nuclear Factor of Activated T-cell (NFAT) and NF-κB signaling with the expression of a highly defined innate immunity transcriptome, including Interleukin-6, MCP-1, IRF-7 and pro-apoptotic transcripts. To determine the functional significance of the NTT-MMP-2 isoform in vivo we generated cardiac-specific NTT-MMP-2 transgenic mice. These mice developed progressive cardiomyocyte and ventricular hypertrophy associated with systolic heart failure. Further, there was evidence for cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial infiltration with mononuclear cells. The NTT-MMP-2 transgenic hearts also demonstrated more severe injury following ex vivo ischemia-reperfusion injury. We conclude that a novel intracellular MMP-2 isoform induced by oxidant stress directly contributes, in the absence of superimposed injury, to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. inflammation, systolic heart failure and enhanced susceptibility to ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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22
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Kluger MA, Zahner G, Paust HJ, Schaper M, Magnus T, Panzer U, Stahl RAK. Leukocyte-derived MMP9 is crucial for the recruitment of proinflammatory macrophages in experimental glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 2013; 83:865-77. [DOI: 10.1038/ki.2012.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Hu P, Xuan Q, Hu B, Lu L, Qin YH. Anti-neutral endopeptidase, natriuretic peptides disarrangement, and proteinuria onset in membranous nephropathy. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:2963-7. [PMID: 23271116 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2367-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neutral endopeptidase (NEP) is the first podocytic antigen responsible for human membranous nephropathy (MN). Besides the prevailing pathogenetic mechanism of immune complex, NEP is also involved in the metabolism of natriuretic peptides (NP). The identification of anti-NEP antibodies in human MN suggests that the decreased circulating NEP may down-regulate the NP catabolism. In this context, we hypothesize that NP disarrangement secondary to anti-NEP antibodies may account, in part, for the onset of proteinuria in MN. Whereas the pathways for the onset of proteinuria caused by elevated NP level are still obscure. The data presented in this review focus on those which support this hypothesis with regards to evidence from the glomerular haemodynamic changes, endothelial permeability, glomerular basement membrane disruption, and podocyte detachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Ji-Xi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Okada R, Kawai S, Naito M, Hishida A, Hamajima N, Shinchi K, Chowdhury Turin T, Suzuki S, Mantjoro EM, Toyomura K, Arisawa K, Kuriyama N, Hosono S, Mikami H, Kubo M, Tanaka H, Wakai K. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene polymorphisms and chronic kidney disease. Am J Nephrol 2012; 36:444-50. [PMID: 23128247 DOI: 10.1159/000343742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to explore the associations between the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and polymorphisms in the genes encoding matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs). MMPs degrade extracellular matrix proteins in the glomerulus, and play important roles in kidney disease progression. METHODS DNA samples from 3,309 subjects aged 35-69 years were genotyped for 10 potentially functional polymorphisms in MMP and TIMP genes. The prevalence of CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) was compared among the genotypes. RESULTS The prevalence of CKD decreased significantly with the number of minor alleles in MMP9 C-1562T (odds ratios (ORs) 0.77 for CT and 0.65 for TT compared with CC; p for trend = 0.023) and MMP9 R668Q (ORs, 0.79 for RQ and 0.64 for QQ compared with RR; p for trend = 0.024). The haplotype MMP9 -1562T/279R/668Q showed a reduced risk for CKD compared with the most common -1562C/279R/668R (OR 0.77, p = 0.008), and the genotype combination -1562TT/ 279RR/668QQ showed a halved risk for CKD compared with major allele homozygous -1562CC/279RR/668RR (OR 0.53, p = 0.091). CONCLUSION The potentially functional polymorphisms of MMP9 were associated with the prevalence of CKD in a large Japanese population. These genotypes have been reported to increase MMP9 expression, supporting the hypothesis that MMP-9 has a protective role in the progression of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Okada
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
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Expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 1 in the glomeruli of human glomerular diseases: the results of studies using immunofluorescence, in situ hybridization, and immunoelectron microscopy. Clin Exp Nephrol 2012; 16:863-74. [PMID: 22614167 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-012-0633-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs), play important roles in the decomposition of the extracellular matrices of the glomerulus during the pathological processes in various glomerular diseases. Although the activity of these enzymes in cases of experimental glomerulonephritis has been described, the expression sites in the glomeruli of human renal diseases have been identified in only a few articles and remain controversial. METHODS The expression of the gelatinase group of MMPs (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and their inhibitors (TIMP-2 and TIMP-1) were evaluated in 19 renal biopsies of several types of glomerular diseases by immunofluorescence (IF) labeling. In addition, several samples of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) were also investigated by in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunoelectron microscopy (IEM). RESULTS The expression of MMP-2 was observed in all the cases examined by IF and ISH. TIMP-2 expression varied from negative to positive among 11 cases of IgAN, but was negative in the cases with lupus nephritis (LN) (n = 3), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) (n = 2), and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (n = 1). However, it was weakly positive in the cases of diabetic nephropathy (DMN) (n = 2). MMP-2 was mainly observed along glomerular capillary loops (GCLs) and Bowman's capsules, whereas TIMP-2 was found in the mesangial area. The expression of MMP-9 in cases of IgAN varied, and was local, not diffuse, if it was present. MMP-9 expression in cases of LN, MPGN, and DMN was diffuse, but the intensity of staining varied. MMP-9 was primarily expressed in the mesangium. TIMP-1 expression was negative in all cases except for those with IgAN. The localization of MMP-2 in patients with IgAN, which was investigated by IEM, was revealed to be mainly on the endothelial cell membranes of GCLs, podocyte membranes, the parietal cell membranes of Bowman's capsules, and some on the membranes of mesangial cells. CONCLUSION The study results suggest that the expression levels and patterns of MMPs and TIMPs are generally similar in several types of glomerular diseases, even though each case has a somewhat different distribution and intensity of expression. When these enzymes were present, their main sites were as follows: MMP-2 was found along glomerular basement membrane, TIMP-2 was located in the acellular mesangial area, MMP-9 was seen in the mesangium, and TIMP-1 was hardly detected. MMP-2 expression is clearly demonstrated to exist at the above-described sites by IEM in patients with IgAN.
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Nakamoto K, Kawasaki S, Kobori T, Fujita-Hamabe W, Mizoguchi H, Yamada K, Nabeshima T, Tokuyama S. Involvement of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the development of morphine tolerance. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 683:86-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lovett DH, Mahimkar R, Raffai RL, Cape L, Maklashina E, Cecchini G, Karliner JS. A novel intracellular isoform of matrix metalloproteinase-2 induced by oxidative stress activates innate immunity. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34177. [PMID: 22509276 PMCID: PMC3317925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental and clinical evidence has pinpointed a critical role for matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in ischemic ventricular remodeling and systolic heart failure. Prior studies have demonstrated that transgenic expression of the full-length, 68 kDa, secreted form of MMP-2 induces severe systolic failure. These mice also had unexpected and severe mitochondrial structural abnormalities and dysfunction. We hypothesized that an additional intracellular isoform of MMP-2, which affects mitochondrial function is induced under conditions of systolic failure-associated oxidative stress. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Western blots of cardiac mitochondria from the full length MMP-2 transgenics, ageing mice and a model of accelerated atherogenesis revealed a smaller 65 kDa MMP-2 isoform. Cultured cardiomyoblasts subjected to transient oxidative stress generated the 65 kDa MMP-2 isoform. The 65 kDa MMP-2 isoform was also induced by hypoxic culture of cardiomyoblasts. Genomic database analysis of the MMP-2 gene mapped transcriptional start sites and RNA transcripts induced by hypoxia or epigenetic modifiers within the first intron of the MMP-2 gene. Translation of these transcripts yields a 65 kDa N-terminal truncated isoform beginning at M(77), thereby deleting the signal sequence and inhibitory prodomain. Cellular trafficking studies demonstrated that the 65 kDa MMP-2 isoform is not secreted and is present in cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions, while the full length 68 kDa isoform was found only in the extracellular space. Expression of the 65 kDa MMP-2 isoform induced mitochondrial-nuclear stress signaling with activation of the pro-inflammatory NF-κB, NFAT and IRF transcriptional pathways. By microarray, the 65 kDa MMP-2 induces an innate immunity transcriptome, including viral stress response genes, innate immunity transcription factor IRF7, chemokines and pro-apoptosis genes. CONCLUSION A novel N-terminal truncated intracellular isoform of MMP-2 is induced by oxidative stress. This isoform initiates a primary innate immune response that may contribute to progressive cardiac dysfunction in the setting of ischemia and systolic failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Lovett
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
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Roberts-Pilgrim AM, Makareeva E, Myles MH, Besch-Williford CL, Brodeur AC, Walker AL, Leikin S, Franklin CL, Phillips CL. Deficient degradation of homotrimeric type I collagen, α1(I)3 glomerulopathy in oim mice. Mol Genet Metab 2011; 104:373-82. [PMID: 21855382 PMCID: PMC3205245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Col1a2-deficient (oim) mice synthesize homotrimeric type I collagen due to nonfunctional proα2(I) collagen chains. Our previous studies revealed a postnatal, progressive type I collagen glomerulopathy in this mouse model, but the mechanism of the sclerotic collagen accumulation within the renal mesangium remains unclear. The recent demonstration of the resistance of homotrimeric type I collagen to cleavage by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), led us to investigate the role of MMP-resistance in the glomerulosclerosis of Col1a2-deficient mice. We measured the pre- and post-translational expression of type I collagen and MMPs in glomeruli from heterozygous and homozygous animals. Both the heterotrimeric and homotrimeric isotypes of type I collagen were equally present in whole kidneys of heterozygous mice by immunohistochemistry and biochemical analysis, but the sclerotic glomerular collagen was at least 95-98% homotrimeric, suggesting homotrimeric type I collagen is the pathogenic isotype of type I collagen in glomerular disease. Although steady-state MMP and Col1a1 mRNA levels increased with the disease progression, we found these changes to be a secondary response to the deficient clearance of MMP-resistant homotrimers. Increased renal MMP expression was not sufficient to prevent homotrimeric type I collagen accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Roberts-Pilgrim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA. , , and ,
| | - Elena Makareeva
- NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ,
| | - Matthew H. Myles
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA. , ,
| | | | - Amanda C. Brodeur
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA. , , and ,
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212, USA. ,
| | - Andrew L. Walker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA. , , and ,
| | - Sergey Leikin
- NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ,
| | - Craig L. Franklin
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA. , ,
| | - Charlotte L. Phillips
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA. , , and ,
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212, USA. ,
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Charlotte L. Phillips, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Departments of Biochemistry and Child Health, University of Missouri, 117 Schweitzer Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA, Phone: 1-573-882-5122, Fax: 1-573-882-5635,
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Liu DX, Liu XM, Su Y, Zhang XJ. Renal expression of proto-oncogene Ets-1 on matrix remodeling in experimental diabetic nephropathy. Acta Histochem 2011; 113:527-33. [PMID: 20598359 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2010.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2010] [Revised: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy (DN) have received scant attention. Ets-1 proto-oncogene plays a role in matrix remodeling by regulating matrix-degrading enzymes. We investigated the possible role of Ets-1 in the pathogenesis of DN. 6-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two experimental groups as follows: control group (n=30) and a Diabetes mellitus group (n=40) induced by injection of streptozotozin (STZ). The rats were investigated at 1, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks after STZ-treatment. By means of immunohistochemistry, the expression of Ets-1 in glomeruli was significantly increased in STZ-treated rat kidneys from week 1 (P<0.05) and reached the peak at week 4 (P<0.05), followed by a downward trend at subsequent time points. Similarly, the expression of Ets-1 in the tubulointerstitium was also markedly increased from week 1 (P<0.05) and reached a maximum at week 8 (P<0.05). By double immunostaining, Ets-1-positive cells were frequently found to co-express matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in STZ-treated rat kidneys. Increased expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) coincided with increased expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in STZ-induced DN. A positive relationship was observed between the expression of Ets-1 in glomeruli or tubulointerstitium and the expression of MMP-2 (P<0.01; P<0.01, respectively) in STZ-treated rat kidneys. The ratio of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in glomeruli or tubulointerstitium was negatively correlated with deposition of type IV collagen (P<0.01; P<0.01, respectively). These findings suggest that Ets-1 may play a critical role in fine-tuning matrix remodeling of STZ-induced DN.
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Wei MG, Sun W, Xiong PH, Shao JD. Antifibrotic effect of the Chinese herbs Modified Danggui Buxue Decoction on adriamycin-induced nephropathy in rats. Chin J Integr Med 2011; 18:591-8. [PMID: 21805297 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-011-0816-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the antifibrotic effect of the Chinese herbs Modified Danggui Buxue Decoction (, MDBD) on adraimycin-induced nephropathy in rats. METHODS Thirty-two male Sprague Dawley albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control, model, and two treatment groups, with 8 in each group. Nephropathy was induced in the latter 3 groups by intravenous injection of adriamycin. Rats in the two treatment groups received intragastric administration of benazepri (a positive control) or MDBD, which is composed of extracts of Radix Angelicae sinensis, Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge and Rhizoma chuanxiong. Serum albumin, blood lipids, 24-h urine protein and urine N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) were measured every 2 weeks. The ratio of kidney to body weight was measured. The expressions of extracellular matrix proteins in the renal cortex, including colleagen IV (Col-IV) and fibronectin (FN), were examined by immunohistochemistry, and the transcription of genes encoding transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), the tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at the end of the 8-week treatment. RESULTS Compared with the untreated rats in the model group, MDBD significantly increased serum albumin, lowered the blood lipids and decreased the ratio of kidney to body weight. MDBD significantly reduced the excretion levels of urinary protein and NAG as well as the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), including Col-IV and FN, in the renal cortex. Further, MDBD decreased TIMP-1 and TGF-β1 gene expressions and increased MMP-9 gene expression in the kidney. CONCLUSIONS MDBD was effective in treating the rat model of nephropathy. The clinical benefit was associated with reduction of renal fibrosis. The antifibrotic effect of MDBD may be mediated through the regulation of TIMP-1, MMP and TGF-β1 gene expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Gang Wei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Mechanisms and consequences of TGF-ß overexpression by podocytes in progressive podocyte disease. Cell Tissue Res 2011; 347:129-40. [PMID: 21541658 PMCID: PMC3250617 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In patients with progressive podocyte disease, such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and membranous nephropathy, upregulation of transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) is observed in podocytes. Mechanical pressure or biomechanical strain in podocytopathies may cause overexpression of TGF-ß and angiotensin II (Ang II). Oxidative stress induced by Ang II may activate the latent TGF-ß, which then activates Smads and Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways in podocytes. Enhanced TGF-ß activity in podocytes may lead to thickening of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) by overproduction of GBM proteins and impaired GBM degradation in podocyte disease. It may also lead to podocyte apoptosis and detachment from the GBM, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of podocytes, initiating the development of glomerulosclerosis. Furthermore, activated TGF-ß/Smad signaling by podocytes may induce connective tissue growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor overexpression, which could act as a paracrine effector mechanism on mesangial cells to stimulate mesangial matrix synthesis. In proliferative podocytopathies, such as cellular or collapsing FSGS, TGF-ß-induced ERK activation may play a role in podocyte proliferation, possibly via TGF-ß-induced EMT of podocytes. Collectively, these data bring new mechanistic insights into our understanding of the TGF-ß overexpression by podocytes in progressive podocyte disease.
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Kumar Bhatt L, Addepalli V. Minocycline with Aspirin: An Approach to Attenuate Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats. Ren Fail 2011; 33:72-8. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2010.528117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Saglam F, Celik A, Tayfur D, Cavdar Z, Yilmaz O, Sarioglu S, Kolatan E, Oktay G, Camsari T. Decrease in cell proliferation by an matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, doxycycline, in a model of immune-complex nephritis. Nephrology (Carlton) 2010; 15:560-7. [PMID: 20649877 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2010.01289.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Renal expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMP) contribute to the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis characteristic of progressive forms of primary glomerulonephritis (GN). The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of MMP inhibitor, doxycycline, administration in an experimental rat model of immune-complex nephritis (ICN). METHODS The induction of immune-complex glomerulonephritis was carried out by the administration of an i.v. dose of 2 mg bovine serum albumin (BSA) daily for 28 days after 8 weeks of s.c. immunization with 1 mg of BSA in complete Freund's adjuvant. Doxycycline (30 mg/kg) was given daily (in groups 2 and 4) by gavage for 28 days. RESULTS Animals treated with doxycycline showed significant reduction in glomerular area and cell proliferation than non-treated controls. Glomerular deposition of immunoglobulin (Ig)G and C3 was less intense in treated rats than non-treated controls. Although not statistically significant, interstitial inflammation was less intense in treated rats than non-treated controls. Glomerular expression of MMP-9 by immunoflourescence was significantly inhibited in the treated group. In addition pro-MMP-2 on gelatin zymography was importantly suppressed by doxycycline in ICN. CONCLUSION Doxycycline, in addition to its antibiotic property, may, following further investigation, provide a possible survival benefit in proliferative glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Saglam
- Departments of Nephrology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Balcova, Turkey.
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Qin YH, Lei FY, Hu P, Pei J, Feng ZB, Pang YS. Effect of all-trans retinoic acid on renal expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in rats with glomerulosclerosis. Pediatr Nephrol 2009; 24:1477-86. [PMID: 19357873 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-009-1166-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Revised: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In kidney injury the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role and precedes the development of glomerulosclerosis (GS). There is great interest in agents that may interfere with such accumulation of ECM. Therefore, a rat model of GS was established to investigate the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on the renal expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1). Eighty Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation group (SHO), GS model group without treatment (GS), GS model group treated with benazepril (GB) and GS model group treated with ATRA (GA), n = 20, respectively. The disease was established in the GS rats by uninephrectomy and adriamycin (5 mg/kg) injection through the tail vein. Serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and urine protein (Upro) were measured. Renal abnormality was evaluated at the end of 12 weeks. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on renal tissue to detect the expression of collagen IV (Col-IV), fibronectin (FN), MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 protein. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity was detected by gelatin zymography. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 mRNA. In comparison with group GS, group GA and group GB exhibited levels of BUN and 24 h urinary protein and a glomerulosclerosis index (GSI) that were significantly reduced (P < 0.05); the level of Scr in group GA was reduced too (P < 0.05). ATRA and benazepril also significantly down-regulated Col-IV, FN expression and TIMP-1 expression (protein and mRNA) (P < 0.05). In contrast, the expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9 mRNA and protein, and activity in groups GA and GB were enhanced (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in MMP-2, MMP-9 mRNA and protein expression, or activity, between the ATRA and GB groups (P > 0.05). In conclusion, ATRA may protect renal function and step down the progression of GS by reducing the expression of TIMP-1, enhancing the expression and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9, and regulating the ratio of MMPs/TIMPs to dynamic balance, so as to reduce the accumulation of ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Han Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
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Maeda M, Vanlandingham BD, Ye H, Lu PCS, Azar DT. Immunoconfocal localization of gelatinase B expressed by migrating intrastromal epithelial cells after deep annular excimer keratectomy. Curr Eye Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/02713689808951266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Yoon SY, Lee SC, Park YJ, Rha SH. Remission of proteinuria with treatment of Actinomyces infection: eradicating a cause of secondary membranous glomerulopathy suppresses nephrotic syndrome. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 24:3236-9. [PMID: 19515799 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfp284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soo Young Yoon
- Department of Nephrology, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
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Oneda B, Lods N, Lottaz D, Becker-Pauly C, Stöcker W, Pippin J, Huguenin M, Ambort D, Marti HP, Sterchi EE. Metalloprotease meprin beta in rat kidney: glomerular localization and differential expression in glomerulonephritis. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2278. [PMID: 18509531 PMCID: PMC2386549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 04/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Meprin (EC 3.4.24.18) is an oligomeric metalloendopeptidase found in microvillar membranes of kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells. Here, we present the first report on the expression of meprin beta in rat glomerular epithelial cells and suggest a potential involvement in experimental glomerular disease. We detected meprin beta in glomeruli of immunostained rat kidney sections on the protein level and by quantitative RT-PCR of laser-capture microdissected glomeruli on the mRNA level. Using immuno-gold staining we identified the membrane of podocyte foot processes as the main site of meprin beta expression. The glomerular meprin beta expression pattern was altered in anti-Thy 1.1 and passive Heymann nephritis (PHN). In addition, the meprin beta staining pattern in the latter was reminiscent of immunostaining with the sheep anti-Fx1A antiserum, commonly used in PHN induction. Using Western blot and immunoprecipitation assays we demonstrated that meprin beta is recognized by Fx1A antiserum and may therefore represent an auto-antigen in PHN. In anti-Thy 1.1 glomerulonephritis we observed a striking redistribution of meprin beta in tubular epithelial cells from the apical to the basolateral side and the cytosol. This might point to an involvement of meprin beta in this form of glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Oneda
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nadège Lods
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Lottaz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Walter Stöcker
- Institute of Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jeffrey Pippin
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Maya Huguenin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Ambort
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter Marti
- Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Erwin E. Sterchi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Chang HR, Kuo WH, Hsieh YS, Yang SF, Lin CC, Lee ML, Lian JD, Chu SC. Circulating matrix metalloproteinase-2 is associated with cystatin C level, posttransplant duration, and diabetes mellitus in kidney transplant recipients. Transl Res 2008; 151:217-23. [PMID: 18355769 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2007.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2007] [Revised: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Studies have indicated that matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is vital for the patient's condition after renal transplantation. Although the allograft survival rate has been improved, the relationships between various clinical parameters in stable graft function and serum MMP-2 still need to be clarified. In this study, gelatin zymography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were employed to measure MMP-2 level in the plasma of 152 kidney transplant recipients, 41 chronic kidney disease patients, and 50 healthy control subjects. The creatinine and the MMP-2 levels in the transplant recipients were significantly greater (P < 0.001) than those of control subjects. Univariate and stepwise regression analysis demonstrated the MMP-2 level was associated with cystatin C level (P < 0.001), creatinine level (P = 0.036), proteinuria (P = 0.043), posttransplant days (P = 0.025), and posttransplant diabetes mellitus (P = 0.03). We conclude that circulating MMP-2 is associated with cystatin C, posttransplant duration, and diabetes mellitus in kidney transplant recipients and suggest that MMP-2 may be critical for graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horng-Rong Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Yildiz B, Kural N, Colak O, Ak I, Akcar N. IGF-1, IGFBP-3, VEGF and MMP-9 levels and their potential relationship with renal functions in patients with compensatory renal growth. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2007; 28:107-12. [PMID: 18093232 DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-097x.2007.00783.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanisms of compensatory renal growth (CRG) still remain a mystery. Various growth factors, including growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) have been implicated in different forms of CRG. AIMS To investigate the serum levels of IGF-1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF - role in vascular remodelling), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9 - essential for normal nephrogenesis) and correlation of renal function in patients with unilateral nephrectomized, agenesis and hypoplasic kidney. METHODS Thirty patients were included in this study. In group I, there were 10 patients with unilateral nephrectomy, while in group II, there were 10 patients with unilateral agenesis. As for group III, there were 10 patients with unilateral hypoplastic kidney. The serum levels of IGF-1, IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), VEGF and MMP-9 were studied in all the cases. Clearance of creatinin (Ccr) and protein excretion were examined in the 24 h urine. CRG was determined with ultrasonography and scintigraphy. Twenty-six control subjects were also studied. RESULTS The levels of IGF-1, IGFBP-3, VEGF and MMP-9 were significantly higher in patients than in the control subjects (P < 0.001). Ccr and protein excretion levels were different in study groups than in those of the control group (P < 0.01). There were positive correlations between the serum levels of IGF-1 with IGFBP-3; IGF-1 with MMP-9; IGFBP-3 with MMP-9 (r = 0.825, P = 0.0001; P < 0.001 r = 0.611; P < 0.001 r = 0.585, respectively). There were negative correlations between GFR and the serum levels of IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and MMP-9 (P < 0.01 r = -0.708; P = 0.002 r = -0.803; P < 0.05 r = -0.442, respectively). Furthermore, there were positive correlations between proteinuria and the serum levels of IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and MMP-9 (P = 0.039 r = 0.600; P < 0.05 r = 0.456; P < 0.05 r = 0.424). CONCLUSIONS Increased IGF-1, IGFBP-3, VEGF and MMP-9 were observed in CRG in the follow-up period. IGF-1 and MMP-9 seemed to have increased in patients with CRG in defiance of the development of fibrosis. Moreover, IGF-1 and MMP-9 seem to be associated with reduced renal function and proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Yildiz
- Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine, University of Osmangazi, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Ronco P, Debiec H. Target antigens and nephritogenic antibodies in membranous nephropathy: of rats and men. Semin Immunopathol 2007; 29:445-58. [PMID: 17899086 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-007-0091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Accepted: 08/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Membranous nephropathy, a disease characterized by an accumulation of immune deposits on the outer aspect of the glomerular basement membrane, is the most common cause of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in white adults. In the rat model of Heymann nephritis, the target antigen of antibodies is megalin, a multiligand receptor expressed at the podocyte cell surface. This review summarizes key findings provided by this experimental model and by our discovery of neutral endopeptidase being the alloantigen involved in neonatal cases of membranous nephropathy. We discuss the role of alloimmunization as a new mechanism of renal disease and the approach that we use to identify new podocyte antigens. We also summarize current knowledge on the mechanism of proteinuria, with special emphasis on the role of complement. In conclusion, substantial progresses have been made in understanding molecular mechanisms of membranous nephropathy, which should lead to novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ronco
- INSERM Unit 702, Hôpital Tenon, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020, Paris, France.
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Naini AE, Harandi AA, Moghtaderi J, Bastani B, Amiran A. Doxycycline: a pilot study to reduce diabetic proteinuria. Am J Nephrol 2007; 27:269-73. [PMID: 17429196 DOI: 10.1159/000101726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2007] [Accepted: 03/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), the enzymes primarily responsible for the deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic proteinuria. We evaluated the effect of doxycycline, a potent nonselective MMPs inhibitor, on reduction of proteinuria in diabetic patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS In a self-control clinical trial, 35 patients with overt diabetic nephropathy (proteinuria >300 mg/24 h) received oral doxycycline 100 mg/day for 2 months. Twenty-four-hour urine volume, Cr and protein excretion were measured at baseline, after 1 and 2 months of treatment, and after 4 months of its discontinuation. Treatment-related side effects were closely monitored and documented. RESULTS Mean (+/-SD) 24-hour urine protein was 888 +/- 419 mg at baseline, 884 +/- 368 mg after 1 month, and 643 +/- 386 mg after the 2 months of doxycycline treatment. There was statistically significant reduction in proteinuria at 2 months of treatment vs. at the baseline (p < 0.001). Mean 24-hour urine protein excretion increased to 1,021 +/- 422 mg 4 months after doxycycline was discontinued. The changes in serum sodium, potassium, BUN and Cr concentrations, and blood pressure measurements during the 2 months of treatment and follow-up period were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Proteinuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy can be reduced with low dose doxycycline therapy over a 2-month period of drug administration. Further studies are necessary to determine the long-term effect, the optimal dose, and the optimal duration of this potentially novel therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsoon Emami Naini
- Division of Nephrology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Isfahan, Iran
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Leone AK, Chun JA, Koehler CL, Caranto J, King JM. Effect of proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma on epithelial barrier function and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in Madin Darby canine kidney cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 2007; 19:99-112. [PMID: 17310104 DOI: 10.1159/000099198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2006] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated matrix metalloproteinase-9 production during inflammation may be deleterious to epithelial barrier function. Therefore we examined the effect of proinflammatory cytokines on the expression and regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in a model renal epithelial cell system. Tight junctions limit diffusion between compartments and permit directional transport of solutes. Impairment of these junctional complexes by proteolysis may contribute to renal failure through loss of barrier function. METHODS The renal epithelial cell model, MDCK cells were employed to examine metalloproteinase activity and mRNA expression. Epithelial barrier function was determined using paracellular flux studies. RESULTS We found that matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression (MMP-9) and activity is markedly elevated in response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha exposure through a mitogen-activated protein kinase dependent pathway. The MMP-9 is predominately secreted into the apical compartment and elevated MMP-9 expression correlates with impaired cell barrier function that was restored using a specific inhibitor of MMP activity. Addition of recombinant MMP-9 to the apical compartment of MDCK cultures significantly elevated paracellular flux rate. CONCLUSIONS We provide direct evidence for a MMP-9-mediated mechanism that produces junctional disruption. Collectively, these findings support the hypothesis that impaired epithelial barrier function due to activation of tissue/matrix degrading mechanisms occurs in response to specific inflammatory cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Leone
- Southwestern Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, USA
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Bergman MR, Teerlink JR, Mahimkar R, Li L, Zhu BQ, Nguyen A, Dahi S, Karliner JS, Lovett DH. Cardiac matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression independently induces marked ventricular remodeling and systolic dysfunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007; 292:H1847-60. [PMID: 17158653 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00434.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although enhanced cardiac matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 synthesis has been associated with ventricular remodeling and failure, whether MMP-2 expression is a direct mediator of this process is unknown. We generated transgenic mice expressing active MMP-2 driven by the α-myosin heavy chain promoter. At 4 mo MMP-2 transgenic hearts demonstrated expression of the MMP-2 transgene, myocyte hypertrophy, breakdown of Z-band registration, lysis of myofilaments, disruption of sarcomere and mitochondrial architecture, and cardiac fibroblast proliferation. Hearts from 8-mo-old transgenic mice displayed extensive myocyte disorganization and dropout with replacement fibrosis and perivascular fibrosis. Older transgenic mice also exhibited a massive increase in cardiac MMP-2 expression, representing recruitment of endogenous MMP-2 synthesis, with associated expression of MMP-9 and membrane type 1 MMP. Increases in diastolic [control (C) 33 ± 3 vs. MMP 51 ± 12 μl; P = 0.003] and systolic (C 7 ± 2 vs. MMP 28 ± 14 μl; P = 0.003) left ventricular (LV) volumes and relatively preserved stroke volume (C 26 ± 4 vs. MMP 23 ± 3 μl; P = 0.16) resulted in markedly decreased LV ejection fraction (C 78 ± 7% vs. MMP 48 ± 16%; P = 0.0006). Markedly impaired systolic function in the MMP transgenic mice was demonstrated in the reduced preload-adjusted maximal power (C 240 ± 84 vs. MMP 78 ± 49 mW/μl2; P = 0.0003) and decreased end-systolic pressure-volume relation (C 7.5 ± 1.5 vs. MMP 4.7 ± 2.0; P = 0.016). Expression of active MMP-2 is sufficient to induce severe ventricular remodeling and systolic dysfunction in the absence of superimposed injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina R Bergman
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center/University of California, San Francisco, California 94121, USA
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Ahmed AK, Haylor JL, El Nahas AM, Johnson TS. Localization of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in experimental progressive kidney scarring. Kidney Int 2007; 71:755-63. [PMID: 17290295 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is in a continual state of turnover with homeostasis maintained by balancing synthesis and degradation rates. During progressive kidney scarring an imbalance occurs leading to ECM accumulation. Reduced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity is believed to central to this imbalance. However, most of the data relating to MMPs and their natural inhibitors (tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)) is based on homogenate studies where in situ compartmentalization is lost and thus changes in MMP activity may be artificial. To address this we have developed a sensitive, high-resolution in situ zymography technique and applied it, along with immunohistochemistry, to the 5/6th subtotal nephrectomy model of kidney scarring. ECM proteolytic activity in kidney homogenates progressively declined post-SNx against both gelatin (-82%) and collagen I (-78%) substrates. In situ zymography revealed higher activity with both substrates within the cytoplasm of normal tubular cells compared to the SNx. In contrast, there was 96% greater activity in the SNx glomeruli than normal. Immunohistochemistry confirmed a predominantly intracellular tubular location of all MMPs and TIMPs. Tubules showed reduced MMP-3 and elevated TIMP-2, whereas MMP-1 increased significantly in the glomeruli, especially in the mesangial matrix. TIMP-1 showed a fourfold increase in the remnant kidney by Western blot analysis, but could not be localized. Lowered MMP activity in homogenates results from reduced intracellular activity in the tubules, indicating that reduced MMP activity may not play a direct role in the expansion of the tubular ECM in scarring. However, elevated MMP-1 activity in the glomeruli may play a significant role in initiating glomerular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Ahmed
- Sheffield Kidney Institute, University of Sheffield, Northern General Hospital Trust, Sheffield, UK
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Catania JM, Chen G, Parrish AR. Role of matrix metalloproteinases in renal pathophysiologies. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2006; 292:F905-11. [PMID: 17190907 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00421.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a large family of proteinases that remodel extracellular matrix (ECM) components and cleave a number of cell surface proteins. MMP activity is regulated via a number of mechanisms, including inhibition by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Originally thought to cleave only ECM proteins, MMP substrates are now known to include signaling molecules (growth factor receptors) and cell adhesion molecules. Recent data suggest a role for MMPs in a number of renal pathophysiologies, both acute and chronic. This review will focus on the expression and localization of MMPs and TIMPs in the kidney, as well as summarizing the current information linking these proteins to acute kidney injury, glomerulosclerosis/tubulointerstitial fibrosis, chronic allograft nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy, polycystic kidney disease, and renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Catania
- Department of Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Membranous nephropathy is one of the most common glomerulopathies. Current treatments are entirely empirical, and concept-driven therapies are dramatically lacking. This review focuses on new pathophysiologic aspects of the disease, with special emphasis on the antigenic targets of pathogenic antibodies. RECENT FINDINGS Neutral endopeptidase - a podocyte antigen that can digest biologically active peptides - was recently identified as the target antigen of antibodies deposited in the subepithelial space of glomeruli in a subset of patients with antenatal membranous nephropathy. The mothers became immunized because they are deficient in neutral endopeptidase due to truncating mutations in the gene. Membranous nephropathy could be transferred to the rabbit by injection of mothers' immunoglobulin. Development of the renal disease was associated with anti-neutral endopeptidase IgG1. SUMMARY Membranous nephropathy most likely is a heterogeneous disease, although a common denominator may be that podocytes provide antigenic targets for in-situ formation of glomerular immune deposits. Identification of neutral endopeptidase and additional (podocyte) antigens and characterization of their epitopes should make it possible to design more effective and better tolerated therapies. Fetomaternal alloimmunization is a novel mechanism of renal disease that may apply to other organs as well.
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Ozawa Y, Kobori H, Suzaki Y, Navar LG. Sustained renal interstitial macrophage infiltration following chronic angiotensin II infusions. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2006; 292:F330-9. [PMID: 16804106 PMCID: PMC2001287 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00059.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic angiotensin (ANG) II infusions into rats lead to augmented intrarenal levels of ANG II and inflammatory factors, impaired renal function, and progressive hypertension. Residual effects persist after cessation of ANG II infusions, as manifested by a hypertensive response to high-salt intake. This study was performed to determine the residual cytokines and chemokines following the cessation of ANG II infusion. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, maintained on a normal diet, received either a sham operation or continuous ANG II infusion (120 ng/min) subcutaneously via minipumps. The ANG II-infused rats were further subdivided into three subgroups. Minipumps were removed on day 12 with subsequent harvesting of kidneys at 0, 3, and 6 days after cessation of ANG II infusion. After 12 days of ANG II infusion, systolic blood pressure, interstitial fibrosis, preglomerular hypertrophy, and interstitial macrophage infiltration were significantly enhanced compared with the shams. By 3 days following the cessation of ANG II infusion, systolic blood pressure was normalized; however, interstitial fibrosis and preglomerular hypertrophy were still present. Furthermore, increased interstitial macrophage infiltration was still present 6 days after cessation of ANG II infusion. Importantly, augmented mRNA levels of monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 (1.55 +/- 0.15 vs. 1.00 +/- 0.13, relative ratio) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta(1) (1.52 +/- 0.16 vs. 1.00 +/- 0.08) persisted 6 days after the withdrawal of ANG II infusion (1.60 +/- 0.20 for MCP-1 and 1.43 +/- 0.17 for TGF-beta(1)). Thus, the ANG II-induced activation of MCP-1 and TGF-beta(1) is sustained and may account for the persistent effect of chronic ANG II infusions on interstitial macrophage infiltration, suggesting a possible mechanism for the development of salt sensitivity in ANG II-dependent hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Ozawa
- Department of Physiology and Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112-2699, USA
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Abstract
The terminally differentiated podocyte, also called glomerular visceral epithelial cell, are highly specialized cells. They function as a critical size and charge barrier to prevent proteinuria. Podocytes are injured in diabetic and non-diabetic renal diseases. The clinical signature of podocyte injury is proteinuria, with or without loss of renal function owing to glomerulosclerosis. There is an exciting and expanding literature showing that hereditary, congenital, or acquired abnormalities in the molecular anatomy of podocytes leads to proteinuria, and at times, glomerulosclerosis. The change in podocyte shape, called effacement, is not simply a passive process following injury, but is owing to a complex interplay of proteins that comprise the molecular anatomy of the different protein domains of podocytes. These will be discussed in this review. Recent studies have also highlighted that a reduction in podocyte number directly causes proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis. This is owing to several factors, including the relative inability for these cells to proliferate, detachment, and apoptosis. The mechanisms of these events are being elucidated, and are discussed in this review. It is the hope that by delineating the events following injury to podocytes, therapies might be developed to reduce the burden of proteinuric renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Shankland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
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Chang HR, Yang SF, Li ML, Lin CC, Hsieh YS, Lian JD. Relationships between circulating matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 and renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin Chim Acta 2006; 366:243-8. [PMID: 16313894 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2005.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2005] [Revised: 10/12/2005] [Accepted: 10/13/2005] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been proven that extracellular matrix turnover is involved in the pathogenesis of various renal fibrosis diseases. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 (MMP-2 and -9) are the extracellular matrix degrading enzymes that are believed to play important roles in renal diseases. However, the relationship of circulating levels of MMP-2, -9 and serum creatinine in the patients of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not yet been investigated. METHODS Gelatin zymography and ELISA were employed to measure MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in the plasma samples of 60 CKD patients and 40 control subjects. RESULTS Serum creatinine concentrations and MMP-2 activities were significantly higher (p<0.001) while MMP-9 activity and creatinine clearance (CCr) were significantly lower (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively) in CKD patients, as compared with those of control subjects. In addition, serum creatinine concentrations correlated with MMP-2 activity (R=0.288, p<0.05) and inversely correlated with that of MMP-9 (R=0.344, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated a correlation between MMP-2, -9 and serum creatinine in CKD patients to suggest that MMP-2 and MMP-9 might contribute in the pathogenesis of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horng-Rong Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Liu S, Liang Y, Huang H, Wang L, Li Y, Li J, Li X, Wang H. ERK-dependent signaling pathway and transcriptional factor Ets-1 regulate matrix metalloproteinase-9 production in transforming growth factor-beta1 stimulated glomerular podocytes. Cell Physiol Biochem 2006; 16:207-16. [PMID: 16301820 DOI: 10.1159/000089846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2005] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The unregulated synthesis of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) components, extracelluar matrix (ECM) proteins, or the secretion of ECM-degradation enzymes, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), by podocytes under pathological conditions might be major factors in GBM damage. The present study examined the effects and the underlying molecular mechanism of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) on the production of gelatinase in cultured murine podocytes. Our results showed that TGFbeta1 is the most potent inducer of MMP-9 secretion in both a dose- and time-dependent manner, but has very little effect on MMP-2 secretion. TGFbeta1 upregulated MMP-9 mRNA levels, but did not affect the expression of matrix mettaloproteinases TIMP-1 mRNA. TGFbeta1 induced activation of both Smad2 and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2). However, blockade of Smad2 signaling pathway by Staurosporine did not affect the TGFbeta1-stimulated secretion of MMP-9, whereas inhibition of activation of ERK1/2 by PD98059 abolished TGFbeta1-stimulated secretion of MMP-9 and expression of MMP-9 mRNA. Protein levels of the transcriptional factor Ets-1 increased and were sustained for 12 h by TGFbeta1-stimulation. Our data also showed that blockage of ERK1/2 activation by PD98059 led to a reduction in the level of Ets-1 protein and to a consequent decrease in MMP-9 mRNA levels. These results demonstrate that TGFbeta1 can induce the production of MMP-9 in podocytes through the ERK1/2 MAPK pathway, and suggested that an increase in MMP-9 enzymatic activities may be involved in the damage of the GBM in response to inflammatory factors, ultimately leading to glomerulosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senyan Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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