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Swiatlowska P, Tipping W, Marhuenda E, Severi P, Fomin V, Yang Z, Xiao Q, Graham D, Shanahan C, Iskratsch T. Hypertensive Pressure Mechanosensing Alone Triggers Lipid Droplet Accumulation and Transdifferentiation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells to Foam Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308686. [PMID: 38145971 PMCID: PMC10916670 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Arterial Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a central role in the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. Upon exposure to pathological stimuli, they can take on alternative phenotypes that, among others, have been described as macrophage like, or foam cells. VSMC foam cells make up >50% of all arterial foam cells and have been suggested to retain an even higher proportion of the cell stored lipid droplets, further leading to apoptosis, secondary necrosis, and an inflammatory response. However, the mechanism of VSMC foam cell formation is still unclear. Here, it is identified that mechanical stimulation through hypertensive pressure alone is sufficient for the phenotypic switch. Hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering imaging demonstrates rapid lipid droplet formation and changes to lipid metabolism and changes are confirmed in ABCA1, KLF4, LDLR, and CD68 expression, cell proliferation, and migration. Further, a mechanosignaling route is identified involving Piezo1, phospholipid, and arachidonic acid signaling, as well as epigenetic regulation, whereby CUT&Tag epigenomic analysis confirms changes in the cells (lipid) metabolism and atherosclerotic pathways. Overall, the results show for the first time that VSMC foam cell formation can be triggered by mechanical stimulation alone, suggesting modulation of mechanosignaling can be harnessed as potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Swiatlowska
- School of Engineering and Materials ScienceQueen Mary University of LondonLondonE1 4NSUK
| | - William Tipping
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1QAUK
| | - Emilie Marhuenda
- School of Engineering and Materials ScienceQueen Mary University of LondonLondonE1 4NSUK
| | - Paolo Severi
- School of Engineering and Materials ScienceQueen Mary University of LondonLondonE1 4NSUK
- Department of Translational MedicineLaboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA)University of FerraraFerrara44121Italy
| | | | - Zhisheng Yang
- William Harvey Research InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonEC1M 6BQUK
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- William Harvey Research InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonEC1M 6BQUK
| | - Duncan Graham
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1QAUK
| | - Cathy Shanahan
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and SciencesKing's College LondonLondonSE5 9NUUK
| | - Thomas Iskratsch
- School of Engineering and Materials ScienceQueen Mary University of LondonLondonE1 4NSUK
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Smereczańska M, Domian N, Młynarczyk M, Pędzińska-Betiuk A, Kasacka I. Evaluation of the Expression and Localization of the Multifunctional Protein CacyBP/SIP and Elements of the MAPK Signaling Pathway in the Adrenal Glands of Rats with Primary and Secondary Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:84. [PMID: 38203261 PMCID: PMC10779320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a global civilization disease and one of the most common causes of death in the world. Organ dysfunction is a serious health consequence of hypertension, which involves damage to the heart, kidneys and adrenals. The interaction of recently discovered multifunctional protein-CacyBP/SIP with ERK1/2 and p38 kinases by regulating the activity and intracellular localization of these kinases may play an important role in the signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Due to the lack of data on this subject, we decided to investigate the localization, expression and possible relationship between the studied parameters in the adrenals under arterial hypertension. The study was conducted on the adrenals of rats with spontaneous and DOCA-salt hypertension. The expression of CacyBP/SIP, p-ERK1/2 and p-p38 was detected by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. The results show a statistically significant decrease in CacyBP/SIP expression in the adrenal glands of hypertensive rats. With ERK1/2, there was a decrease in cortical immunoreactivity and an increase in the adrenal medulla of primary hypertensive rats. In contrast, in the adrenals of DOCA-salt rats, ERK1/2 immunoreactivity increased in the cortex and decreased in the medulla. In turn, p38 expression was higher in the adrenal glands of rats with primary and secondary hypertension. The obtained results may suggest the involvement of CacyBP/SIP in the regulation of signaling pathways in which MAP kinases play an important role and provide new insight into molecular events in hypertension. Moreover, they show the participation of CacyBP/SIP in response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Smereczańska
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Natalia Domian
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maryla Młynarczyk
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Pędzińska-Betiuk
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Irena Kasacka
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
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Niu C, Zhang P, Zhang L, Lin D, Lai H, Xiao D, Liu Y, Zhuang R, Li M, Ma L, Ye J, Pan Y. Molecular targets and mechanisms of Guanxinning tablet in treating atherosclerosis: Network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35106. [PMID: 37773840 PMCID: PMC10545342 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guanxinning tablet (GXNT), a Chinese patent medicine, is composed of salvia miltiorrhiza bunge and ligusticum striatum DC, which may play the role of endothelial protection through many pathways. We aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms of GXNT against atherosclerosis (AS) through network pharmacology and molecular docking verification. METHODS The active ingredients and their potential targets of GXNT were obtained in traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform and bioinformatics analysis tool for molecular mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine databases. DrugBank, TTD, DisGeNET, OMIM, and GeneCards databases were used to screen the targets of AS. The intersection targets gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis were performed in DAVID database. GXNT-AS protein-protein interaction network, ingredient-target network and herb-target-pathway network were constructed by Cytoscape. Finally, we used AutoDock for molecular docking. RESULTS We screened 65 active ingredients of GXNT and 70 GXNT-AS intersection targets. The key targets of protein-protein interaction network were AKT1, JUN, STAT3, TNF, TP53, IL6, EGFR, MAPK14, RELA, and CASP3. The Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analysis showed that pathways in cancer, lipid and atherosclerosis, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway were the main pathways. The ingredient-target network showed that the key ingredients were luteolin, tanshinone IIA, myricanone, dihydrotanshinlactone, dan-shexinkum d, 2-isopropyl-8-methylphenanthrene-3,4-dione, miltionone I, deoxyneocryptotanshinone, Isotanshinone II and 4-methylenemiltirone. The results of molecular docking showed that tanshinone IIA, dihydrotanshinlactone, dan-shexinkum d, 2-isopropyl-8-methylphenanthrene-3,4-dione, miltionone I, deoxyneocryptotanshinone, Isotanshinone II and 4-methylenemiltirone all had good binding interactions with AKT1, EGFR and MAPK14. CONCLUSION The results of network pharmacology and molecular docking showed that the multiple ingredients within GXNT may confer protective effects on the vascular endothelium against AS through multitarget and multichannel mechanisms. AKT1, EGFR and MAPK14 were the core potential targets of GXNT against AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofeng Niu
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lijing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dingfeng Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Lai
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liyong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Regulation of bFGF-induced effects on rat aortic smooth muscle cells by β3-adrenergic receptors. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 3:100094. [PMID: 35300074 PMCID: PMC8920869 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2022.100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration play an important role in vascular injury-induced neointima formation and subsequent vascular restenosis, a major event that hinders the long-term success of angioplasty. The function of β3-adrenergic receptors (β3-ARs) in vascular injury-induced neointima formation has not yet been defined. Objectives Our current study explored the possible role of β3-ARs in vascular injury-induced neointima formation by testing its effects on bFGF-induced VSMC migration and proliferation. Methods β3-AR expression in rat carotid arteries was examined at 14 days following a balloon catheter-induced injury. The effects of β3-AR activation on bFGF-induced rat aortic smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, and signaling transduction (including extracellular-signal-regulated kinase/mitogen activated protein kinase, ERK/MAPK and Protein kinase B, AKT) were tested. Results We found that vascular injury induced upregulation of β3-ARs in neointima. Pretreatment of VSMCs with a selective β3-AR agonist, CL316,243 significantly potentiated bFGF-induced cell migration and proliferation, and ERK and AKT phosphorylation. Our results also revealed that suppressing phosphorylation of ERK and AKT blocked bFGF-induced cell migration and that inhibiting AKT phosphorylation reduced bFGF-mediated cell proliferation. Conclusion Our results suggest that activation of β3-ARs potentiates bFGF-mediated effects on VSMCs by enhancing bFGF-mediated ERK and AKT phosphorylation and that β3-ARs may play a role in vascular injury-induced neointima formation. β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) expression was upregulated in the newly formed intima following rat carotid artery injury. Activation of β3-ARs potentiated bFGF-induced VSMC migration and proliferation and phosphorylation of ERK and/or AKT. Inhibition of ERK or AKT pathways decreased bFGF-induced cell migration. Inhibition of AKT pathway decreased bFGF-induced cell proliferation.
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Kubota H, Yamada H, Sugimoto T, Wada N, Motoyama S, Saburi M, Miyawaki D, Wakana N, Kami D, Ogata T, Ibi M, Matoba S. Repeated Social Defeat Enhances CaCl 2-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Expansion by Inhibiting the Early Fibrotic Response via the MAPK-MKP-1 Pathway. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040732. [PMID: 35203381 PMCID: PMC8870675 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is significantly associated with the prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). We investigated the effect of repeated social defeat (RSD) on AAA development. Eight-week-old male wild-type mice were exposed to RSD by being housed with larger CD-1 mice in a shared cage. They were subjected to vigorous physical contact. After the confirmation of depressive-like behavior, calcium chloride was applied to the infrarenal aorta of the mice. At one week, AAA development was comparable between the defeated and control mice, without any differences being observed in the accumulated macrophages or in the matrix metalloproteinase activity. At two weeks, the maximum diameter and circumference of the aneurysm were significantly increased in the defeated mice, and a significant decrease in periaortic fibrosis was also observed. Consistently, the phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and the incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine in the primarily cultured aortic vascular smooth muscle cells were significantly reduced in the defeated mice, which was accompanied by a substantial increase in mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1). The MKP-1 mRNA and protein expression levels during AAA were much higher in the defeated mice than they were in the control mice. Our findings demonstrate that RSD enhances AAA development by suppressing periaortic fibrosis after an acute inflammatory response and imply novel mechanisms that are associated with depression-related AAA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kubota
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (H.K.); (T.S.); (N.W.); (S.M.); (M.S.); (D.M.); (N.W.); (S.M.)
| | - Hiroyuki Yamada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (H.K.); (T.S.); (N.W.); (S.M.); (M.S.); (D.M.); (N.W.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-75-251-5511
| | - Takeshi Sugimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (H.K.); (T.S.); (N.W.); (S.M.); (M.S.); (D.M.); (N.W.); (S.M.)
| | - Naotoshi Wada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (H.K.); (T.S.); (N.W.); (S.M.); (M.S.); (D.M.); (N.W.); (S.M.)
| | - Shinichiro Motoyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (H.K.); (T.S.); (N.W.); (S.M.); (M.S.); (D.M.); (N.W.); (S.M.)
| | - Makoto Saburi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (H.K.); (T.S.); (N.W.); (S.M.); (M.S.); (D.M.); (N.W.); (S.M.)
| | - Daisuke Miyawaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (H.K.); (T.S.); (N.W.); (S.M.); (M.S.); (D.M.); (N.W.); (S.M.)
| | - Noriyuki Wakana
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (H.K.); (T.S.); (N.W.); (S.M.); (M.S.); (D.M.); (N.W.); (S.M.)
| | - Daisuke Kami
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan;
| | - Takehiro Ogata
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan;
| | - Masakazu Ibi
- Department of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya 463-8521, Japan;
| | - Satoaki Matoba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (H.K.); (T.S.); (N.W.); (S.M.); (M.S.); (D.M.); (N.W.); (S.M.)
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MicroRNA-125a-3p affects smooth muscle cell function in vascular stenosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 136:85-94. [PMID: 31499051 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Many studies have indicated that microRNAs are closely related to the process of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Previously, we found that microRNA-125a-3p (miR-125a-3p) in restenotic arteries after interventional therapy of lower extremity vessels was notably decreased compared with that of normal control arteries. However, its role in the development of vascular stenosis is not yet clearly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression, regulatory mechanism and function of miR-125a-3p in the process of vascular stenosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays indicated that miR-125a-3p in restenotic arteries after interventional therapy was significantly lower than that in normal control arteries. Immunofluorescence and in situ hybridization co-staining assays in arterial sections demonstrated that miR-125a-3p was mainly expressed in the medial smooth muscle layer. Transfection of miR-125a-3p mimics into cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) effectively inhibited cell proliferation and migration. Then, western blot and luciferase activity assays showed that recombinant human mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) was a functional target of miR-125a-3p and was involved in miR-125a-3p-mediated cell effects. Finally, the lentiviral infection of miR-125a-3p in balloon-injured rat carotid vascular walls showed that miR-125a-3p overexpression significantly reduced the probability of neointimal membrane production. CONCLUSIONS miR-125a-3p can effectively inhibit the function of VSMCs and the occurrence of vascular stenosis by targeting MAPK1. This study introduces a new molecular mechanism of PAD. We show that regulation of the miR-125a-3p level has the potential to provide a new treatment for PAD and other proliferative vascular diseases.
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Cheng S, Zhou F, Xu Y, Liu X, Zhang Y, Gu M, Su Z, Zhao D, Zhang L, Jia Y. Geniposide regulates the miR-101/MKP-1/p38 pathway and alleviates atherosclerosis inflammatory injury in ApoE -/- mice. Immunobiology 2018; 224:296-306. [PMID: 30630636 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the common pathological basis of chronic cardiovascular diseases and is associated with inflammation and lipid metabolism dysfunction. Geniposide, the main active ingredient of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fruit, exhibits a variety of anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative functions; however, its role in AS remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of geniposide in alleviating inflammation and thereby attenuating the development of AS. ApoE-/- mice were fed a high fat diet to induce AS and were treated with geniposide (50 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. Blood glucose and lipid levels were measured by biochemical analysis. H&E, Masson and Oil red O staining were performed to observe morphological changes and lipid deposition in the aorta and liver. Serum inflammatory cytokines were detected by ELISA. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was used to verify the target relationship between microRNA-101 (miR-101) and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1). The levels of miR-101, p-p38, and MKP-1 in the aorta were detected by qPCR and western blotting. The anti-inflammatory effect of geniposide in vitro was investigated in the RAW264.7 macrophage cell line. A miR-101 mimic and an inhibitor were used to study the effect of miR-101 on regulating the expression of the target MKP-1 and the downstream inflammatory cytokines. Geniposide treatment reduced lipid levels and plaque size in the mouse model of AS. Geniposide downregulated miR-101 to upregulate MKP-1 and suppress the production of inflammatory factors in vitro and in vivo. Geniposide suppressed the levels of inflammatory factors in the presence of the miR-101 mimic, whereas no obvious effect was observed in the miR-101 inhibitor group. We concluded that geniposide reduced the plaque size and alleviated inflammatory injury in ApoE-/- mice and RAW264.7 cells. The specific anti-inflammatory mechanism was related to the miR-101/ MKP-1/p38 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saibo Cheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Fenghua Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yuling Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Minhua Gu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhijie Su
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Dandan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yuhua Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Zhang Y, Liu H, Yan F, Zhou J. Oscillatory dynamics of p38 activity with transcriptional and translational time delays. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11495. [PMID: 28904347 PMCID: PMC5597677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11149-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent experimental evidence reports that oscillations of p38 MAPK (p38) activity would efficiently induce pro-inflammatory gene expression, which might be deleterious to immune systems and may even cause cellular damage and apoptosis. It is widely accepted now that transcriptional and translational delays are ubiquitous in gene expression, which can typically result in oscillatory responses of gene regulations. Consequently, delay-driven sustained oscillations in p38 activity (p38*) could in principle be commonplace. Nevertheless, so far the studies of the impact of such delays on p38* have been lacking both experimentally and theoretically. Here, we use experimental data to develop a delayed mathematical model, with the aim of understanding how such delays affect oscillatory behaviour on p38*. We analyze the stability and oscillation of the model with and without explicit time delays. We show that a sufficiently input stimulation strength is prerequisite for generating p38* oscillations, and that an optimal rate of model parameters is also essential to these oscillations. Moreover, we find that the time delays required for transcription and translation in mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) gene expression can drive p38* to be oscillatory even when the concentration of p38* level is at a stable state. Furthermore, the length of these delays can determine the amplitude and period of the oscillations and can enormously extend the oscillatory ranges of model parameters. These results indicate that time delays in MKP-1 synthesis are required, albeit not sufficient, for p38* oscillations, which may lead to new insights related to p38 oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Haihong Liu
- Department of mathematics, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650092, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of mathematics, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650092, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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Xu Y, Chen XP, Zhang F, Hou HH, Zhang JY, Lin SX, Sun AS. Rutaecarpine Inhibits Intimal Hyperplasia in A Balloon-Injured Rat Artery Model. Chin J Integr Med 2017; 24:429-435. [PMID: 28861806 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-017-2900-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect and potential mechanisms of rutaecarpine (Rut) in a rat artery balloon-injury model. METHODS The intimal hyperplasia model was established by rubbing the endothelia with a balloon catheter in the common carotid artery (CCA) of rats. Fifty rats were randomly divided into five groups, ie. sham, model, Rut (25, 50 and 75 mg/kg) with 10 rats of each group. The rats were treated with or without Rut (25, 50, 75 mg/kg) by intragastric administration for 14 consecutive days following injury. The morphological changes of the intima were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and smooth muscle (SM) α-actin in the ateries were assayed by immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA expressions of c-myc, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2), MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were determined by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The protein expressions of MKP-1 and phosphorylated ERK2 (p-ERK2) were examined by Western blotting. The plasma contents of nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) were also determined. RESULTS Compared with the model group, Rut treatment significantly decreased intimal thickening and ameliorated endothelial injury (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The positive expression rate of PCNA was decreased, while the expression rate of SM α-actin obviously increased in the vascular wall after Rut (50 and 75 mg/kg) administration (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Furthermore, the mRNA expressions of c-myc, ERK2 and PCNA were downregulated while the expressions of eNOS and MKP-1 were upregulated (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The protein expressions of MKP-1 and the phosphorylation of ERK2 were upregulated and downregulated after Rut (50 and 75 mg/kg) administration (P<0.05 or P<0.01), respectively. In addition, Rut dramatically reversed balloon injury-induced decrease of NO and cGMP in the plasma (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION Rut could inhibit the balloon injury-induced carotid intimal hyperplasia in rats, possibly mediated by promotion of NO production and inhibiting ERK2 signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou and Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563099, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou and Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563099, China
| | - Hua-Hua Hou
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou and Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563099, China
| | - Jing-Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou and Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563099, China
| | - Shu-Xian Lin
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou and Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563099, China
| | - An-Sheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou and Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563099, China.
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Zamora-González N, Crespo-Sanjuán J, Calvo-Nieves MD, Sánchez D, Ganfornina MD, Martínez G, Aguirre-Gervás B, González-Fajardo JA. Lower Expression of Genes Involved in Protection against Oxidative Stress in Symptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis. Ann Vasc Surg 2016; 41:271-278. [PMID: 27913124 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2016.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is increased in atherosclerosis, manifested both in blood and tissue (atherosclerotic plaque). We aim at describing the expression of a number of genes related to oxidative stress response in carotid atherosclerotic plaques and their relation to symptomatic state. METHODS We have studied the messenger RNA expression levels for genes related to oxidative stress in a population of 44 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, according to the presence (24 patients) or absence (20 patients) of symptoms. Samples were homogenized, RNA was extracted, and gene expression was measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction arrays. RESULTS Data showed a decrease in expression of oxidative stress protective genes in symptomatic patients and increased expression of pro-oxidant genes. Asymptomatic patients maintain higher levels of expression of protective genes in the tissue. CONCLUSIONS This study establishes a close relationship between symptoms and levels of expression of genes that protect against oxidative stress. We propose the existence of a mechanism that silences these genes, causing a more severe atherosclerotic disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Diego Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular y Fisiologia, Instituto de Biologia y Genetica Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - María Dolores Ganfornina
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular y Fisiologia, Instituto de Biologia y Genetica Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
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11
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Feng H, Gerilechaogetu F, Golden HB, Nizamutdinov D, Foster DM, Glaser SS, Dostal DE. p38α MAPK inhibits stretch-induced JNK activation in cardiac myocytes through MKP-1. Int J Cardiol 2016; 203:145-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.10.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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12
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Yang Z, Zheng B, Zhang Y, He M, Zhang XH, Ma D, Zhang RN, Wu XL, Wen JK. miR-155-dependent regulation of mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 2 (MST2) coordinates inflammation, oxidative stress and proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1477-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Anti-Restenotic Roles of Dihydroaustrasulfone Alcohol Involved in Inhibiting PDGF-BB-Stimulated Proliferation and Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:3046-60. [PMID: 25988521 PMCID: PMC4446617 DOI: 10.3390/md13053046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol (DA), an active compound firstly isolated from marine corals, has been reported to reveal anti-cancer and anti-inflammation activities. These reported activities of DA raised a possible application in anti-restenosis. Abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and the stimulation of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB play major pathological processes involved in the development of restenosis. Experimental results showed that DA markedly reduced balloon injury-induced neointima formation in the rat carotid artery model and significantly inhibited PDGF-BB-stimulated proliferation and migration of VSMCs. Our data further demonstrated that translational and active levels of several critical signaling cascades involved in VSMC proliferation, such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK/MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), were obviously inhibited. In addition, DA also decreased the activation and expression levels of gelatinases (matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9) involved in cell migration. In conclusion, our findings indicate that DA can reduce balloon injury-neointimal hyperplasia, the effect of which may be modulated through suppression of VSMC proliferation and migration. These results suggest that DA has potential application as an anti-restenotic agent for the prevention of restenosis.
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14
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LI CHANGYI, YANG LINGCHAO, GUO KAI, WANG YUEPENG, LI YIGANG. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1: A critical phosphatase manipulating mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in cardiovascular disease (Review). Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:1095-102. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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15
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Li PC, Pan CH, Sheu MJ, Wu CC, Ma WF, Wu CH. Deep sea water prevents balloon angioplasty-induced hyperplasia through MMP-2: an in vitro and in vivo study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96927. [PMID: 24824358 PMCID: PMC4019650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Major facts about the development of restenosis include vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation and migration. A previous study showed that in vitro treatment with magnesium chloride has the potential to affect the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. Magnesium is the major element in deep sea water (DSW) and is a biologically active mineral. It is unclear whether DSW intake can prevent abnormal proliferation and migration of VSMCs as well as balloon angioplasty-induced neointimal hyperplasia. Thus, we attempted to evaluate the anti-restenotic effects of DSW and its possible molecular mechanisms. Several concentrations of DSW, based on the dietary recommendations (RDA) for magnesium, were applied to a model of balloon angioplasty in SD rats. The results showed that DSW intake markedly increased magnesium content within the vascular wall and reduced the development of neointimal hyperplasia. The immunohistochemical analysis also showed that the expression of proteins associated with cell proliferation and migration were decreased in the balloon angioplasty groups with DSW supplement. Furthermore, in vitro treatment with DSW has a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on serum-stimulated proliferation and migration of VSMCs, whose effects might be mediated by modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and of the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). Our study suggested that DSW intake can help prevent neointimal hyperplasia (or restenosis), whose effects may be partially regulated by magnesium and other minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsu Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jyh Sheu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CHW); (MJS)
| | - Chin-Ching Wu
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fen Ma
- School of Nursing, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Hsi Wu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CHW); (MJS)
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16
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Ienaga K, Sohn M, Naiki M, Jaffa AA. Creatinine metabolite, HMH (5-hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin; NZ-419), modulates bradykinin-induced changes in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2014; 34:195-200. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2013.876039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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17
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Ge JJ, Zhao ZW, Zhou ZC, Wu S, Zhang R, Pan FM, Abendroth DK. p38 MAPK Inhibitor, CBS3830 Limits Vascular Remodelling in Arterialised Vein Grafts. Heart Lung Circ 2013; 22:751-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Solodushko V, Khader HA, Fouty BW. Serum can overcome contact inhibition in confluent human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71490. [PMID: 23940764 PMCID: PMC3735496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC) in an intact vessel are continually exposed to serum, but unless injured, do not proliferate, constrained by confluence. In contrast, pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) attain, and maintain, confluence in the presence of minimal serum, protected from serum's stimulatory effects except when the endothelial barrier becomes more permeable. We hypothesized therefore, that confluent PASMC may be less constrained by contact inhibition in the presence of serum than PAEC and tested this idea by exposing confluent non-transformed human PAEC and PASMC to media containing increasing concentrations of fetal bovine serum (FBS) and determining cell growth over 7 days. PAEC that had attained confluence in low serum did not proliferate even when exposed to 5% serum, the highest concentration tested. In contrast, PASMC that attained confluence in low serum did proliferate once serum levels were increased, an effect that was dose dependent. Consistent with this observation, PASMC had more BrdU incorporation and a greater percentage of cells in S phase in 5% compared to 0.2% FBS, whereas no such difference was seen in PAEC. These results suggest that confluent human PAEC are resistant to the stimulatory effects of serum, whereas confluent PASMC can proliferate when serum levels are increased, an effect mediated in part by differences in phosphoinositide 3-kinase activation. This observation may be relevant to understanding the PASMC hyperplasia observed in humans and animals with pulmonary hypertension in which changes in endothelial permeability due to hypoxia or injury expose the underlying smooth muscle to serum.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Contact Inhibition/drug effects
- Culture Media/pharmacology
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiology
- Humans
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/physiology
- Oncogene Protein v-akt/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/cytology
- Pulmonary Artery/drug effects
- Pulmonary Artery/physiology
- Retinoblastoma Protein/metabolism
- Serum/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Solodushko
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama School of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama School of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Heba A. Khader
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama School of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Brian W. Fouty
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama School of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama School of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Medicine/Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of South Alabama School of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Auger-Messier M, Accornero F, Goonasekera SA, Bueno OF, Lorenz JN, van Berlo JH, Willette RN, Molkentin JD. Unrestrained p38 MAPK activation in Dusp1/4 double-null mice induces cardiomyopathy. Circ Res 2012; 112:48-56. [PMID: 22993413 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.272963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are activated in the heart by disease-inducing and stress-inducing stimuli, where they participate in hypertrophy, remodeling, contractility, and heart failure. A family of dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) directly inactivates each of the MAPK terminal effectors, potentially serving a cardioprotective role. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of DUSP1 and DUSP4 in regulating p38 MAPK function in the heart and the effect on disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we generated mice and mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking both Dusp1 and Dusp4 genes. Although single nulls showed no molecular effects, combined disruption of Dusp1/4 promoted unrestrained p38 MAPK activity in both mouse embryonic fibroblasts and the heart, with no change in the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases or extracellular signal-regulated kinases at baseline or with stress stimulation. Single disruption of either Dusp1 or Dusp4 did not result in cardiac pathology, although Dusp1/4 double-null mice exhibited cardiomyopathy and increased mortality with aging. Pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK with SB731445 ameliorated cardiomyopathy in Dusp1/4 double-null mice, indicating that DUSP1/4 function primarily through p38 MAPK in affecting disease. At the cellular level, unrestrained p38 MAPK activity diminished cardiac contractility and Ca2+ handling, which was acutely reversed with a p38 inhibitory compound. Poor function in Dusp1/4 double-null mice also was partially rescued by phospholamban deletion. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that Dusp1 and Dusp4 are cardioprotective genes that play a critical role in the heart by dampening p38 MAPK signaling that would otherwise reduce contractility and induce cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mannix Auger-Messier
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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20
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Moon CY, Ku CR, Cho YH, Lee EJ. Protocatechuic aldehyde inhibits migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and intravascular thrombosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 423:116-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Sun L, Zhao R, Zhang L, Zhang T, Xin W, Lan X, Huang C, Du G. Salvianolic acid A inhibits PDGF-BB induced vascular smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation while does not constrain endothelial cell proliferation and nitric oxide biosynthesis. Molecules 2012; 17:3333-47. [PMID: 22418933 PMCID: PMC6268737 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17033333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are critical events in the initiation and development of restenosis upon percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Polyphenols have been suggested to ameliorate post-angioplasty restenosis. Salvianolic A (SalA) is one of the most abundant polyphenols extracted from salvia. In this study, we investigated the effect of salvianolic A (SalA) on the migration and proliferation of VSMCs. We found a preferential interaction of SalA with cellular systems that rely on the PDGF signal, but not on the EGF and bFGF signal. SalA inhibits PDGF-BB induced VSMC proliferation and migration in the concentration range from 0.01 to 0.1 μM. The inhibition of SalA on VSMC proliferation is associated with cell cycle arrest. We also found that SalA inhibits the PDGFRβ-ERK1/2 signaling cascade activated by PDGF-BB in VSMCs. In addition, SalA does not influence the proliferation of endothelial cells, the synthesis of NO and eNOS protein expression. Our results suggest that SalA inhibits migration and proliferation of VSMCs induced by PDGF-BB via the inhibition of the PDGFRβ-ERK1/2 cascade, but that it does not constrain endothelial cell proliferation and nitric oxide biosynthesis. Thus, the present study suggests a novel adjunct pharmacological strategy to prevent angioplasty-related restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Guanhua Du
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel./Fax: +86-10-6316-5184
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22
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Gao Y, Deng J, Yu XF, Yang DL, Gong QH, Huang XN. Ginsenoside Rg1 inhibits vascular intimal hyperplasia in balloon-injured rat carotid artery by down-regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 138:472-478. [PMID: 21964194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) is one of the main active components of Panax ginseng a well-known herbal medicine. It has been demonstrated to inhibit proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by tumor necrosis factor-αin vitro. The present study is aimed to examine the possible effects of Rg1 on vascular neointimal hyperplasia in balloon-injured carotid artery of rats in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS The animal model was established by rubbing the endothelia with a balloon catheter in the common carotid artery (CCA) of male Sprague Dawley rats. Then the rats were intraperitoneally injected with distilled water in model group and sham operation control, or with Rg1 4, 8 and 16mg/kg/d in other balloon injured groups. After consecutive 14 days, the vascular intimal hyperplasia was evidenced by histopathological alterations of the CCA and by changes observed in the marker of the proliferation of VSMCs-the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The protein expressions of PCNA and the phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase2 (p-ERK2) as well as mitogen-ativated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) were examined by immunohistochemistry; while the expressions of proto-oncogene (c-fos), ERK2 and smooth muscle α-actin (SM α-actin) mRNA were analyzed by Real-Time RT-PCR. RESULTS Rg1 administration could significantly ameliorate the histopathology of CCA and decrease the protein expression of PCNA induced by endothelia rubbing; and Rg1 medication also significantly decreased the expressions of p-ERK2 protein, ERK2 and c-fos mRNA in vessel wall, but up-regulated the MKP-1 expression, which was reported to inactivate mitogen-ativated protein kinase pathway. Furthermore, Rg1 could elevate the decreased SM α-actin mRNA expression induced by balloon injury. CONCLUSIONS Rg1 can suppress the vascular neointimal hyperplasia induced by balloon injury, the mechanism may be involved in the inhibition on ERK2 signaling, and related, at least partly, to the increase in MKP-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical College, No. 201 Dalian Road, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, PR China
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23
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Zhang W, Chen G, Deng CQ. Effects and mechanisms of total Panax notoginseng saponins on proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells with plasma pharmacology method. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 64:139-45. [PMID: 22150681 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Total Panax notoginseng saponin (TPNS) is extracted from Panax notoginseng. Our previous studies suggested that TPNS could inhibit intimal hyperplasia. This study discussed the impact of TPNS on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and revealed the associated mechanisms through cell cycle-related factors and extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) signal transduction pathway. METHODS A VSMC proliferation model induced by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) was established to observe the effects of rat drug-containing plasma on VSMC proliferation. KEY FINDINGS After being stimulated by PDGF, the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and c-fos content increased, while up-regulation of cyclinD1, cyclin-dependent kinase-4 (CDK4) and down-regulation of p21 protein were observed. These changes were inhibited by atorvastatin and TSPN drug-containing plasma, and the inhibitive activity in both groups was not significant. Furthermore, both atorvastatin and TSPN could obviously inhibit the activation of PDGF-induced P-ERK1/2 and increase the content of MKP-1, there were also no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that atorvastatin and TPNS could inhibit VSMC proliferation by inhibiting the activation of ERK signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Pathophysiology Laboratory, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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24
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Park ES, Yoo JM, Lim Y, Tudev M, Yoo HS, Hong JT, Yun YP. Inhibitory effects of docetaxel on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells through blocking PDGF-receptor β phosphorylation. J Pharmacol Sci 2011; 116:204-13. [PMID: 21685708 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.10276fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in arterial wall is an important pathogenic factor for vascular disorders such as atherosclerosis and restenosis after angioplasty. The present study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effects of docetaxel on VSMC proliferation, as well as the molecular mechanism of this inhibition. Docetaxel at 10, 20 and 40 µM significantly inhibited both the proliferation and the DNA synthesis of fetal bovine serum (FBS)- and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-stimulated VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. In accordance with these findings, docetaxel blocked the FBS- and PDGF-BB-induced progression of synchronized cells through the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Docetaxel also decreased the expressions of cell cycle-related proteins, including cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2, cyclin E, CDK4, cyclin D1, retinoblastoma protein, and proliferative cell nuclear antigen in PDGF-BB-stimulated VSMCs. Docetaxel significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, Akt, and phospholipase C-γ1, downstream molecule in the PDGF-BB signaling pathway. Docetaxel suppressed the phosphorylation of PDGF receptor (PDGF-R) β, the upstream molecule in PDGF-BB signaling cascade, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of docetaxel on the proliferation of VSMCs may occur by blocking PDGF-Rβ phosphorylation. Thus, docetaxel may be a potential antiproliferative agent for the treatment of atherosclerosis and angioplasty restenosis.[Supplementary Figures: available only at http://dx.doi.org/10.1254/jphs.10276FP].
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Seok Park
- College of Pharmacy, CBITRC, Chungbuk National University, Korea
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25
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Chen G, Wu L, Deng CQ. The effects of BuYang HuanWu Decoction and its effective components on proliferation-related factors and ERK1/2 signal transduction pathway in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 135:7-14. [PMID: 21385603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) was a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment and prevention of ischemic cardiovascular and cerebral disease. Previous studies had shown that BYHWD alkaloids and glycosides could inhibit intimal hyperplasia and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation after injury caused by balloon catheter. The present study aims to explore the mechanisms by which cell cycle was affected by BYHWD and its components. Primary rat VSMC was treated with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and cell cycle phase and extracellular-signal regulated protein kinase (ERK) transduction pathway factors were measured. PDGF-treated cells were associated with a significant increase in the number of cells in the G(2)/M phase and S phase, and in the expression of P-ERK1/2, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), c-fos, cyclinD(1) and cyclin-dependent kinase-4, as well as a decrease in the number of cells in the G(0)/G(1) phase, and in the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor P21 protein and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1). Treatment with plasma of rats fed seven doses of BYHWD crude extract (22.2g/kg), BYHWD alkaloids (1.66g/kg), BYHWD glycosides (14.2g/kg) or the negative control atorvastatin (20mg/kg) inhibited these changes. All drug-containing plasma had similar activity to the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK antagonist PD098059 which inhibited PDGF-induced expression of P-ERK1/2 and enhanced MKP-1. These suggest that BYHWD and its components may prevent VSMC proliferation by interfering with the ERK transduction pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Alkaloids/pharmacology
- Animals
- Atorvastatin
- Cardiovascular Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/metabolism
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1/metabolism
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- Glycosides/pharmacology
- Heptanoic Acids/pharmacology
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism
- Pyrroles/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Pathophysiology Laboratory, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaoshan Road No. 113, Changsha, Hunan, China
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26
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Nicoletti-Carvalho JE, Lellis-Santos C, Yamanaka TS, Nogueira TC, Caperuto LC, Leite AR, Anhê GF, Bordin S. MKP-1 mediates glucocorticoid-induced ERK1/2 dephosphorylation and reduction in pancreatic ß-cell proliferation in islets from early lactating mothers. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2010; 299:E1006-15. [PMID: 20858750 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00341.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Maternal pancreatic islets undergo a robust increase of mass and proliferation during pregnancy, which allows a compensation of gestational insulin resistance. Studies have described that this adaptation switches to a low proliferative status after the delivery. The mechanisms underlying this reversal are unknown, but the action of glucocorticoids (GCs) is believed to play an important role because GCs counteract the pregnancy-like effects of PRL on isolated pancreatic islets maintained in cell culture. Here, we demonstrate that ERK1/2 phosphorylation (phospho-ERK1/2) is increased in maternal rat islets isolated on the 19th day of pregnancy. Phospho-ERK1/2 status on the 3rd day after delivery (L3) rapidly turns to values lower than that found in virgin control rats (CTL). MKP-1, a protein phosphatase able to dephosphorylate ERK1/2, is increased in islets from L3 rats. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that binding of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) to MKP-1 promoter is also increased in islets from L3 rats. In addition, dexamethasone (DEX) reduced phospho-ERK1/2 and increased MKP-1 expression in RINm5F and MIN-6 cells. Inhibition of transduction with cycloheximide and inhibition of phosphatases with orthovanadate efficiently blocked DEX-induced downregulation of phospho-ERK1/2. In addition, specific knockdown of MKP-1 with siRNA suppressed the downregulation of phospho-ERK1/2 and the reduction of proliferation induced by DEX. Altogether, our results indicate that downregulation of phospho-ERK1/2 is associated with reduction in proliferation found in islets of early lactating mothers. This mechanism is probably mediated by GC-induced MKP-1 expression.
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Shi ZD, Abraham G, Tarbell JM. Shear stress modulation of smooth muscle cell marker genes in 2-D and 3-D depends on mechanotransduction by heparan sulfate proteoglycans and ERK1/2. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12196. [PMID: 20808940 PMCID: PMC2922372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 07/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During vascular injury, vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and fibroblasts/myofibroblasts (FBs/MFBs) are exposed to altered luminal blood flow or transmural interstitial flow. We investigate the effects of these two types of fluid flows on the phenotypes of SMCs and MFBs and the underlying mechanotransduction mechanisms. Methodology/Principal Findings Exposure to 8 dyn/cm2 laminar flow shear stress (2-dimensional, 2-D) for 15 h significantly reduced expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), smooth muscle protein 22 (SM22), SM myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC), smoothelin, and calponin. Cells suspended in collagen gels were exposed to interstitial flow (1 cmH2O, ∼0.05 dyn/cm2, 3-D), and after 6 h of exposure, expression of SM-MHC, smoothelin, and calponin were significantly reduced, while expression of α-SMA and SM22 were markedly enhanced. PD98059 (an ERK1/2 inhibitor) and heparinase III (an enzyme to cleave heparan sulfate) significantly blocked the effects of laminar flow on gene expression, and also reversed the effects of interstitial flow on SM-MHC, smoothelin, and calponin, but enhanced interstitial flow-induced expression of α-SMA and SM22. SMCs and MFBs have similar responses to fluid flow. Silencing ERK1/2 completely blocked the effects of both laminar flow and interstitial flow on SMC marker gene expression. Western blotting showed that both types of flows induced ERK1/2 activation that was inhibited by disruption of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Conclusions/Significance The results suggest that HSPG-mediated ERK1/2 activation is an important mechanotransduction pathway modulating SMC marker gene expression when SMCs and MFBs are exposed to flow. Fluid flow may be involved in vascular remodeling and lesion formation by affecting phenotypes of vascular wall cells. This study has implications in understanding the flow-related mechanobiology in vascular lesion formation, tumor cell invasion, and stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Dong Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, The City University of New York (CUNY), New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZDS); (JMT)
| | - Giya Abraham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, The City University of New York (CUNY), New York, New York, United States of America
| | - John M. Tarbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, The City University of New York (CUNY), New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZDS); (JMT)
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28
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Liu JP, Komachi M, Tomura H, Mogi C, Damirin A, Tobo M, Takano M, Nochi H, Tamoto K, Sato K, Okajima F. Ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor 1-dependent and -independent vascular actions to acidic pH in human aortic smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 299:H731-42. [PMID: 20622109 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00977.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammation disease characterized by acidic micromilieu and the accumulation of numerous bioactive lipid mediators, such as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and prostaglandins, in the atherosclerotic lesion. Chronic acidification induced various effects on vascular smooth muscle cells, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects remain unknown. In this study, we examine the role of proton-sensing ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor 1 (OGR1) in extracellular acidification-induced regulation of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 induction, PGI(2) production, MAPK phosphatase (MKP)-1 expression, and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 expression and proliferation in human aortic smooth muscle cells (AoSMCs). Experiments with knockdown with small interfering RNA specific to OGR1 and specific inhibitors for G proteins showed that acidification-induced COX-2 expression, PGI(2) production, and MKP-1 expression, but not PAI-1 expression and inhibition of proliferation, were dependent on OGR1 and mainly mediated by G(q/11) protein. LPA remarkably enhanced, through the LPA(1) receptor/G(i) protein, the OGR1-mediated vascular actions to acidic pH. In conclusion, acidic pH-induced vascular actions of AoSMCs can be dissected to OGR1-dependent and -independent pathways: COX-2 expression, PGI(2) production, and MKP-1 expression are mediated by OGR1, but PAI-1 expression and inhibition of proliferation are not. LPA, which is usually thought to be a proatherogenic lipid mediator, may exert antiatherogenic actions under acidic micromilieu through cross-talk between LPA(1)/G(i) protein and OGR1/G(q/11) protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Peng Liu
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
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Dong LH, Wen JK, Liu G, McNutt MA, Miao SB, Gao R, Zheng B, Zhang H, Han M. Blockade of the Ras–Extracellular Signal–Regulated Kinase 1/2 Pathway Is Involved in Smooth Muscle 22α–Mediated Suppression of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Neointima Hyperplasia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:683-91. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.200501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective—
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) can switch between differentiated and dedifferentiated phenotypes, and this phenotype switch is believed to be essential for repair of vascular injury. We studied the inhibitory effect of smooth muscle 22α (SM22α) on VSMC proliferation in vitro and in vivo and explored the potential molecular mechanisms of this effect.
Methods and Results—
By using coimmunoprecipitation and glutathione
S
-transferase pull-down assays, we have shown that SM22α binds to Ras in SM22α-overexpressed VSMCs in the presence or absence of platelet-derived growth factor–BB stimulation. SM22α arrested cell cycle progression through segregation of Ras with Raf-1 and downregulation of the Raf-1–MEK1/2–extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade. The inhibitory effect of SM22α on VSMC proliferation was verified in vivo. The infection of rat carotid arteries with recombinant adenovirus encoding SM22α inhibited neointimal hyperplasia via suppression of the Raf-1–MEK1/2–extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathway.
Conclusion—
These findings suggest that high expression of SM22α inhibits cell proliferation via reduction of the response to mitogen stimuli in VSMCs and provide a novel mechanism by which VSMCs maintain their contractile phenotype and resist mitogenic stimuli in an SM22α-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Dong
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.-H.D., J.-K.W., S.-B.M., R.G., B.Z., and M.H.), Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang; the Department of Pharmacology (H.Z.), Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Department of Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, China Administration of Education (G.L.); and the Department of Pathology (M
| | - Jin-Kun Wen
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.-H.D., J.-K.W., S.-B.M., R.G., B.Z., and M.H.), Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang; the Department of Pharmacology (H.Z.), Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Department of Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, China Administration of Education (G.L.); and the Department of Pathology (M
| | - George Liu
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.-H.D., J.-K.W., S.-B.M., R.G., B.Z., and M.H.), Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang; the Department of Pharmacology (H.Z.), Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Department of Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, China Administration of Education (G.L.); and the Department of Pathology (M
| | - Michael A. McNutt
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.-H.D., J.-K.W., S.-B.M., R.G., B.Z., and M.H.), Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang; the Department of Pharmacology (H.Z.), Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Department of Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, China Administration of Education (G.L.); and the Department of Pathology (M
| | - Sui-Bing Miao
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.-H.D., J.-K.W., S.-B.M., R.G., B.Z., and M.H.), Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang; the Department of Pharmacology (H.Z.), Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Department of Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, China Administration of Education (G.L.); and the Department of Pathology (M
| | - Rui Gao
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.-H.D., J.-K.W., S.-B.M., R.G., B.Z., and M.H.), Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang; the Department of Pharmacology (H.Z.), Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Department of Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, China Administration of Education (G.L.); and the Department of Pathology (M
| | - Bin Zheng
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.-H.D., J.-K.W., S.-B.M., R.G., B.Z., and M.H.), Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang; the Department of Pharmacology (H.Z.), Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Department of Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, China Administration of Education (G.L.); and the Department of Pathology (M
| | - Hailin Zhang
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.-H.D., J.-K.W., S.-B.M., R.G., B.Z., and M.H.), Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang; the Department of Pharmacology (H.Z.), Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Department of Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, China Administration of Education (G.L.); and the Department of Pathology (M
| | - Mei Han
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.-H.D., J.-K.W., S.-B.M., R.G., B.Z., and M.H.), Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang; the Department of Pharmacology (H.Z.), Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Department of Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, China Administration of Education (G.L.); and the Department of Pathology (M
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Jin Y, Calvert TJ, Chen B, Chicoine LG, Joshi M, Bauer JA, Liu Y, Nelin LD. Mice deficient in Mkp-1 develop more severe pulmonary hypertension and greater lung protein levels of arginase in response to chronic hypoxia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 298:H1518-28. [PMID: 20173047 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00813.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are involved in cellular responses to many stimuli, including hypoxia. MAP kinase signaling is regulated by a family of phosphatases that include MAP kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1). We hypothesized that mice lacking the Mkp-1 gene would have exaggerated chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Wild-type (WT) and Mkp-1(-/-) mice were exposed to either 4 wk of normoxia or hypobaric hypoxia. Following chronic hypoxia, both genotypes demonstrated elevated right ventricular pressures, right ventricular hypertrophy as demonstrated by the ratio of the right ventricle to the left ventricle plus septum weights [RV(LV + S)], and greater vascular remodeling. However, the right ventricular systolic pressures, the RV/(LV + S), and the medial wall thickness of 100- to 300-microm vessels was significantly greater in the Mkp-1(-/-) mice than in the WT mice following 4 wk of hypobaric hypoxia. Chronic hypoxic exposure caused no detectable change in eNOS protein levels in the lungs in either genotype; however, Mkp-1(-/-) mice had lower levels of eNOS protein and lower lung NO production than did WT mice. No iNOS protein was detected in the lungs by Western blotting in any condition in either genotype. Both arginase I and arginase II protein levels were greater in the lungs of hypoxic Mkp-1(-/-) mice than those in hypoxic WT mice. Lung levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen were greater in hypoxic Mkp-1(-/-) than in hypoxic WT mice. These data are consistent with the concept that MKP-1 acts to restrain hypoxia-induced arginase expression and thereby reduces vascular remodeling and the severity of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jin
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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31
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Shi ZD, Ji XY, Berardi DE, Qazi H, Tarbell JM. Interstitial flow induces MMP-1 expression and vascular SMC migration in collagen I gels via an ERK1/2-dependent and c-Jun-mediated mechanism. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 298:H127-35. [PMID: 19880665 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00732.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and fibroblasts into the intima after vascular injury is a central process in vascular lesion formation. The elevation of transmural interstitial flow is also observed after damage to the vascular endothelium. We have previously shown that interstitial flow upregulates matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression, which in turn promotes SMC and fibroblast migration in collagen I gels. In this study, we investigated further the mechanism of flow-induced MMP-1 expression. An ERK1/2 inhibitor PD-98059 completely abolished interstitial flow-induced SMC migration and MMP-1 expression. Interstitial flow promoted ERK1/2 phosphorylation, whereas PD-98059 abolished flow-induced activation. Silencing ERK1/2 completely abolished MMP-1 expression and SMC migration. In addition, interstitial flow increased the expression of activator protein-1 transcription factors (c-Jun and c-Fos), whereas PD-98059 attenuated flow-induced expression. Knocking down c-jun completely abolished flow-induced MMP-1 expression, whereas silencing c-fos did not affect MMP-1 expression. Taken together, our data indicate that interstitial flow induces MMP-1 expression and SMC migration in collagen I gels via an ERK1/2-dependent and c-Jun-mediated mechanism and suggest that interstitial flow, ERK1/2 MAPK, c-Jun, and MMP-1 may play important roles in SMC migration and neointima formation after vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Dong Shi
- City College of New York, City University of New York, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, NY 10031, USA.
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MAPK signalling in cardiovascular health and disease: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Clin Sci (Lond) 2008; 115:203-18. [PMID: 18752467 DOI: 10.1042/cs20070430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signalling cascades probably play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiac and vascular disease. A substantial amount of basic science research has defined many of the details of MAPK pathway organization and activation, but the role of individual signalling proteins in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases is still being elucidated. In the present review, the role of the MAPKs ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase), JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) and p38 MAPK in cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac remodelling after myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis and vascular restenosis will be examined, with attention paid to genetically modified murine model systems and to the use of pharmacological inhibitors of protein kinases. Despite the complexities of this field of research, attractive targets for pharmacological therapy are emerging.
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Lin YM, Jan HJ, Lee CC, Tao HY, Shih YL, Wei HW, Lee HM. Dexamethasone reduced invasiveness of human malignant glioblastoma cells through a MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) dependent mechanism. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 593:1-9. [PMID: 18652821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.06.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2008] [Revised: 06/19/2008] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dexamethasone has been shown to inhibit tumor invasiveness. In the present study, the effects of dexamethasone on matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) secretion, cell invasiveness, and intravasation in human U87MG glioma cells were examined. Dexamethasone decreased MMP-2 secretion and cell invasiveness in human glioma cells. Incubation of cells with dexamethasone increased mitogen activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) expression. Ectopic expression of MKP-1 decreased cell invasiveness in vitro and intravasation in vivo. Because expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has been implicated in the progression of malignant gliomas, we next investigated the possible roles of NO(-) in MMP-2 secretion and cell invasiveness in human U87MG glioma cells. Treatment of glioma cells with nitric oxide donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), increased MMP-2 secretion and the capacity of cell invasion in U87MG cells. Addition of dexamethasone or ectopic expression of wild-type MKP-1 suppressed the SNP-stimulated MMP-2 activation and glioma cell invasiveness in U87MG cells. Taken together, these results suggest that dexamethasone may suppress MMP-2 secretion and cell invasion through MKP-1 induction in human glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Shin Kong Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111, Taiwan
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Gulkarov I, Bohmann K, Cinnante KM, Pirelli L, Yu PJ, Grau JB, Pintucci G, Galloway AC, Mignatti P. Topical mitogen-activated protein kinases inhibition reduces intimal hyperplasia in arterialized vein grafts. J Surg Res 2008; 154:150-6. [PMID: 18805551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2008.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Revised: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 04/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vein graft arterialization results in activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) extracellular signal-regulated kinases-1 and -2 (ERK1/2), which have been implicated in cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. The goal of our study was to characterize the effect of MAPK inhibition on intimal hyperplasia (IH) in arterialized vein grafts in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. METHODS Reversed bilateral jugular vein to common carotid artery interposition grafts were constructed in 16 New Zealand White rabbits. The veins were incubated for 30 min prior to grafting with either the synthetic ERK1/2 activation inhibitor UO126 or the control vehicle. Vein graft and control jugular vein were harvested 3 h, 1 d, and 28 d after arterialization for histological and biochemical analyses. RESULTS Treatment with UO126 was associated with 31% reduction in mean intimal area (1.68 +/- 0.78 mm(2)versus 2.44 +/- 1.65 mm(2); mean +/- SD; P = 0.036) relative to controls. The intima-to-media ratio of UO126-treated vein grafts decreased by 29% (0.53 +/- 0.04 versus 0.74 +/- 0.06; mean +/- SD; P < 0.01) compared to controls, vehicle-treated vein grafts. There was also significant increase in apoptosis in UO126-treated vein graft medial cell layer at 1 d. CONCLUSION Topical administration of UO126 before vein grafting significantly decreases IH in arterialized vein grafts in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. These results may have significant implications for the development of strategies aimed at blocking or reducing IH in bypass grafts. Therefore, further evaluation of this simple strategy to improve vein graft patency following coronary artery or peripheral vascular bypass surgery is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iosif Gulkarov
- The Seymour Cohn Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
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Hur KY, Seo HJ, Kang ES, Kim SH, Song S, Kim EH, Lim S, Choi C, Heo JH, Hwang KC, Ahn CW, Cha BS, Jung M, Lee HC. Therapeutic effect of magnesium lithospermate B on neointimal formation after balloon-induced vascular injury. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 586:226-33. [PMID: 18387604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2007] [Revised: 01/30/2008] [Accepted: 02/13/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration in response to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis and restenosis. Recent evidence indicates that PDGF increases intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species in VSMCs and that both PDGF-induced VSMC proliferation and migration are reactive oxygen species-dependent. Danshen is a representative oriental medicine used for the treatment of vascular disease. Previously, we reported that magnesium lithospermate B, an active component of Danshen, is a potent antioxidant. Thus we investigated the therapeutic potential of magnesium lithospermate B in neointimal formation after carotid artery injury in rats along with its effects on the PDGF signaling pathway for stimulating VSMC proliferation and migration in vitro. PDGF is dimeric glycoprotein composed of two A or two B chains. In this study, we used PDGF-BB, which is one of the isoforms of PDGF (i.e., PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, and PDGF-AB). Our results demonstrated that magnesium lithospermate B directly scavenged reactive oxygen species in a xanthine/xanthine oxidase system and reduced PDGF-BB-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species generation in VSMCs. In a rat carotid artery balloon injury model, magnesium lithospermate B treatment (10 mg/kg/day, i.p) showed a significant effect on the prevention of neointimal formation compared with vehicle treatment. In cultured VSMCs, magnesium lithospermate B significantly attenuated PDGF-BB-induced cell proliferation and migration as measured by 3-[4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2,5-diphenyl-2-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and transwell migration assays, respectively. Further, magnesium lithospermate B inhibited PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of phospatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways by scavenging reactive oxygen species. Together, these data indicated that magnesium lithospermate B, a potent reactive oxygen species scavenger, prevented both injury-induced neointimal formation in vivo and PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation and migration in vitro, suggesting that magnesium lithospermate B may be a promising agent to prevent atherosclerosis and restenosis following angioplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Yeon Hur
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Sung HY, Guan H, Czibula A, King AR, Eder K, Heath E, Suvarna SK, Dower SK, Wilson AG, Francis SE, Crossman DC, Kiss-Toth E. Human tribbles-1 controls proliferation and chemotaxis of smooth muscle cells via MAPK signaling pathways. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:18379-18387. [PMID: 17452330 PMCID: PMC2366084 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m610792200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells are key to a number of physiological and pathological processes, including wound healing and the narrowing of the vessel wall. Previous work has shown links between inflammatory stimuli and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, although the molecular mechanisms of this process are poorly understood. Here we report that tribbles-1, a recently described modulator of MAPK activation, controls vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and chemotaxis via the Jun kinase pathway. Our findings demonstrate that this regulation takes place via direct interactions between tribbles-1 and MKK4/SEK1, a Jun activator kinase. The activity of this kinase is dependent on tribbles-1 levels, whereas the activation and the expression of MKK4/SEK1 are not. In addition, tribbles-1 expression is elevated in human atherosclerotic arteries when compared with non-atherosclerotic controls, suggesting that this protein may play a role in disease in vivo. In summary, the data presented here suggest an important regulatory role for trb-1 in vascular smooth muscle cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Youn Sung
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Hongtao Guan
- Section of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Agnes Czibula
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andrea R King
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Katalin Eder
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Emily Heath
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - S Kim Suvarna
- Department of Histopathology, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield S5 7AU, United Kingdom
| | - Steven K Dower
- Section of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony G Wilson
- Section of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila E Francis
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - David C Crossman
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Endre Kiss-Toth
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom.
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Yokouchi K, Numaguchi Y, Kubota R, Ishii M, Imai H, Murakami R, Ogawa Y, Kondo T, Okumura K, Ingber DE, Murohara T. l-Caldesmon Regulates Proliferation and Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Inhibits Neointimal Formation After Angioplasty. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006; 26:2231-7. [PMID: 16888241 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000239441.29687.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Light-type caldesmon (l-CaD) is a potent cytostatic and antiangiogenic protein that regulates cell growth and survival via modulation of the cell shape and cytoskeleton. The aim of this study is to explore the potential value of l-CaD for use as a cytostatic agent to inhibit neointimal formation after angioplasty by suppressing vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth and migration. METHODS AND RESULTS We tested the cytostatic function of l-CaD in cultured VSMCs using assays for apoptosis, cell proliferation, and migration, and evaluated the expression pattern of relevant signaling proteins (focal adhesion kinase [FAK] and mitogen-activated protein kinases) in VSMCs. Transfection of adenoviral vector encoding l-CaD (Ad-l-CaD) resulted in progressive loss of actin stress fibers and cell retraction. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated that Ad-l-CaD transfection increased the apoptosis rate by 75% and reduced BrdU uptake by 49%. Furthermore, transfection of Ad-l-CaD inhibited migration of VSMCs induced by platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF) by 36% (P<0.05). Immunoblotting analysis revealed that l-CaD overexpression reduced PDGF-induced phosphorylation of both FAK and extracellular signal regulated-kinase (ERK). In balloon-injured rat carotid arteries, Ad-l-CaD transfection inhibited neointimal formation by 37% (P<0.05) without delaying re-endothelialization at 14 days. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of l-CaD suppressed cell growth and survival in VSMCs and inhibited neointimal formation after experimental angioplasty, partly by regulating the cytoskeletal tension-FAK-ERK axis.
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Makeeva N, Myers J, Welsh N. Role of MKK3 and p38 MAPK in cytokine-induced death of insulin-producing cells. Biochem J 2006; 393:129-39. [PMID: 16097952 PMCID: PMC1383671 DOI: 10.1042/bj20050814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to elucidate further the importance of p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) in nitric oxide- and cytokine-induced beta-cell death. For this purpose, isolated human islets were treated with d-siRNA (diced small interfering RNA) and then exposed to the nitric oxide donor DETA/NONOate [2,2'-(hydroxynitrosohydrazono)bis-ethanamine]. We observed that cells treated with p38alpha-specific d-siRNA, but not with d-siRNA targeting GL3 (a firefly luciferase siRNA plasmid) or PKCdelta (protein kinase Cdelta), were protected against nitric oxide-induced death. This was paralleled by an increased level of Bcl-XL (B-cell leukaemia/lymphoma-X long). For an in-depth study of the mechanisms of p38 activation, MKK3 (MAPK kinase 3), MKK6 and their dominant-negative mutants were overexpressed in insulin-producing RIN-5AH cells. In transient transfections, MKK3 overexpression resulted in increased p38 phosphorylation, whereas in stable MKK3-overexpressing RIN-5AH clones, the protein levels of p38 and JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) were decreased, resulting in unaffected phospho-p38 levels. In addition, a long-term MKK3 overexpression did not affect cell death rates in response to the cytokines interleukin-1beta and interferon-gamma, whereas a short-term MKK3 expression resulted in increased cytokine-induced RIN-5AH cell death. The MKK3-potentiating effect on cytokine-induced cell death was abolished by a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, and MKK3-stimulated p38 phosphorylation was enhanced by inhibitors of phosphatases. Finally, as the dominant-negative mutant of MKK3 did not affect cytokine-induced p38 phosphorylation, and as wild-type MKK3 did not influence p38 autophosphorylation, it may be that p38 is activated by MKK3/6-independent pathways in response to cytokines and nitric oxide. In addition, it is likely that a long-term increase in p38 activity is counteracted by both a decreased expression of the p38, JNK and p42 genes as well as an increased dephosphorylation of p38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Makeeva
- *Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jason W. Myers
- †Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, U.S.A
| | - Nils Welsh
- *Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- To whom correspondence should be addressed, at Department of Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedicum, P.O. Box 571, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden (email )
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Pulver-Kaste RA, Barlow CA, Bond J, Watson A, Penar PL, Tranmer B, Lounsbury KM. Ca2+ source-dependent transcription of CRE-containing genes in vascular smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2006; 291:H97-105. [PMID: 16461377 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00753.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Altered Ca2+ handling has immediate physiological and long-term genomic effects on vascular smooth muscle function. Previously we showed that Ca2+ entry through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCCs) or store-operated Ca2+ channels (SOCCs) results in phosphorylation of the Ca2+/cAMP response element (CRE)-binding protein in cerebral arteries. Here, oligonucleotide array analysis was used to determine gene transcription profiles resulting from these two Ca2+ entry pathways in human cerebrovascular smooth muscle cell cultures. Results were confirmed and expanded using quantitative RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. A distinct, yet overlapping, set of CRE-regulated genes was induced by VDCC activation using K+ membrane depolarization vs. SOCC activation by thapsigargin (TG). Membrane depolarization selectively induced a sustained increase in early growth response-1 (Egr-1) mRNA and protein, which were inhibited by the VDCC blocker nimodipine and the SOCC inhibitor 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborate (2-APB). TG selectively induced a sustained increase in MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) mRNA and protein, and these effects were decreased by 2-APB, but not by nimodipine. The physiological agonist ANG II also stimulated expression of Egr-1 and MKP-1. Coadministration of 2-APB prevented expression of Egr-1 and MKP-1, whereas nimodipine blocked only Egr-1 expression. TG and ANG II induced phosphorylation of ERK, which was sensitive to 2-APB and was selectively required for CRE-binding protein phosphorylation. Our findings thus indicate that Ca2+ entry through VDCCs and store-operated Ca2+ entry can differentially regulate CRE-containing genes in vascular smooth muscle and also imply that agonist-induced signals involved in modulation of gene transcription can be controlled by multiple sources of Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee A Pulver-Kaste
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Neurological Surgery, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Ohki R, Yamamoto K, Ueno S, Mano H, Misawa Y, Fuse K, Ikeda U, Shimada K. Transcriptional profile of genes induced in human atrial myocardium with pressure overload. Int J Cardiol 2004; 96:381-7. [PMID: 15301891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2003.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2003] [Revised: 07/11/2003] [Accepted: 07/25/2003] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular response of human myocardium to mechanical stimuli, particularly the difference between pressure or volume overload cardiac hypertrophy, remains incompletely defined. METHODS We investigated the transcriptional profile of genes induced in human pressure- or volume-overloaded myocardium with DNA microarray technology. We used right atrial tissue from patients who underwent cardiac surgery. On the basis of pressure data and echocardiographic findings, the patients were divided into three groups: control group (n=3), pressure overload group (mean right atrial pressure of >7 mm Hg, n=3), and volume overload group (moderate or severe tricuspid regurgitation, n=3). Expression profiles of 2139 human genes were investigated with mRNA obtained from the samples. RESULTS In the pressure overload group, expression of genes of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKI1A, 11.7+/-3.1-fold vs. control), and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1, 26.2+/-2.1-fold) was significantly increased compared with those in control or volume overload group (P<0.05). The specificity of these gene expressions was confirmed by a quantitative "real-time" polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. In addition, mechanical strain induced CDKI1A and MKP-1 protein expressions in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes in an amplitude-dependent manner. In contrast, transcripts of growth factors did not significantly increase. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that gene expressions of CDKI1A and MKP-1, but not growth factors, are induced in chronic pressure-overloaded myocardium. These findings suggest that suppressors of the cell cycle or cell proliferation may play a critical role in the pathophysiology of pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruri Ohki
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical School, Minamikawachi-Machi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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Gennaro G, Ménard C, Michaud SE, Deblois D, Rivard A. Inhibition of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Neointimal Formation in Injured Arteries by a Novel, Oral Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal–Regulated Kinase Inhibitor. Circulation 2004; 110:3367-71. [PMID: 15520324 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000147773.86866.cd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are rapidly induced after arterial injury in different animal models. However, their precise role in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and neointimal formation in vivo remains to be determined. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated the properties of a novel, selective inhibitor of the upstream kinase, MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase, that is orally active (PD0185625). In vitro, PD0185625 was shown to abrogate p44/p42 MAPK activation in VSMCs after serum stimulation. This was associated with a dose-dependent inhibition of VSMC proliferation. In vivo, PD0185625 was administered orally to rats (200 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) beginning 2 days before balloon injury of the left carotid artery and for 2 weeks thereafter. Treatment with PD0185625 led to nearly complete inhibition of p44/p42 MAPK activation after balloon injury. This resulted in a significant decrease in VSMC proliferation (BrdU incorporation) at day 7 after injury. Moreover, neointimal formation was significantly reduced in PD0185625-treated animals at 14 and 28 days after arterial injury. We found that PD0185625 did not increase the rate of apoptotic cell death but prevented cell cycle progression and induced a G1 block. CONCLUSIONS PD0185625 reduced neointimal formation after arterial injury. The mechanism involved inhibition of VSMC proliferation via a G1 block of the cell cycle. Orally active selective MAPK inhibitors could represent a novel therapeutic approach for vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppa Gennaro
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Qin L, Li X, Ko JK, Partridge NC. Parathyroid hormone uses multiple mechanisms to arrest the cell cycle progression of osteoblastic cells from G1 to S phase. J Biol Chem 2004; 280:3104-11. [PMID: 15513917 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m409846200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) plays a major role in bone remodeling and has the ability to increase bone mass if administered daily. In vitro, PTH inhibits the growth of osteoblastic cell lines, arresting them in G(1) phase. Here, we demonstrate that PTH regulates the expression of at least three genes to achieve the following: inducing expression of MAPK phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) and p21(Cip1) and decreasing expression of cyclin D1 at both mRNA and protein levels. The induction of MKP-1 causes the dephosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and therefore the decrease in cyclin D1. Overexpression of MKP-1 arrests UMR cells in G(1) phase. The mechanisms involved in PTH regulation of these genes were studied. Most importantly, PTH administration produces similar effects on expression of these genes in rat femoral metaphyseal primary spongiosa. Analyses of p21(Cip1) expression levels in bone indicate that repeated daily PTH injections make the osteoblast more sensitive to successive PTH treatments, and this might be an important feature for the anabolic functions of PTH. In summary, our data suggest that one mechanism for PTH to exert its anabolic effect is to arrest the cell cycle progression of the osteoblast and hence increase its differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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Wadgaonkar R, Pierce JW, Somnay K, Damico RL, Crow MT, Collins T, Garcia JGN. Regulation of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase and p38 Kinase Pathways in Endothelial Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2004; 31:423-31. [PMID: 15231489 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2003-0384oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid and transient induction of E-selectin gene expression by inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in endothelial cells is mediated by signaling pathways which involve c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase pathways. To explore this regulation, we first observed that in the continuous presence of cytokine TNF, activation of JNK-1 in both nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments peaked at 15-30 min, with activity returning to uninduced levels by 60 min. Phosphorylation of both the p38 kinase and its molecular target, the nuclear transcription factor, activating transcription factor-2, were transient after TNF-alpha or interleukin (IL)-1beta induction. However, cycloheximide treatment prolonged the TNF-alpha-induced JNK-1 kinase activity beyond 60 min, suggesting that protein synthesis is required to limit this signaling cascade. We investigated the possible role of the dual-specificity phosphatases MAPK phosphatase (MKP)-1 and MKP-2 in limiting cytokine-induced MAPK signaling. Maximum induction of MKP-1 mRNA and nuclear protein levels by TNF-alpha or IL-1beta were noted at 60 min and their expression correlated with the termination of JNK kinase activity, whereas nuclear levels of MKP-2 were not significantly affected by treatment with TNF-alpha or IL-1beta. Transient overexpression of MKP-1 demonstrated significant specific inhibition of E-selectin promoter activity consistent with a regulatory role for dual-specificity phosphatases. Inhibition of MKP-1 expression through the use of small interfering RNAs prolonged the cytokine-induced p38 and JNK kinase phosphorylation. Our results suggest that endogenous inhibitors of the MAPK cascade, such as the dual-specificity phosphatases like MKP-1 may be important for the postinduction repression of MAPK activity and E-selectin transcription in endothelial cells. Thus, these inhibitors may play an important role in limiting the inflammatory effects of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Wadgaonkar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Xiao W, Liu Y, Templeton DM. Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibition by heparin in mesangial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2004; 288:F142-9. [PMID: 15383398 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00145.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparin exerts an antiproliferative effect in smooth muscle cells, and the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) signaling pathway is heparin sensitive. Here, we report that transfection with a truncated 326-amino acid fragment of CaMK-IIalpha increases basal activity of CaMK-II in mesangial cells. Ionomycin increased CaMK-II activity in both transfected and untransfected cells, with a concomitant increase in activated Ca(2+)/calmodulin. Heparin (1 microg/ml), but not chondroitin or dermatan sulfate, significantly attenuated both serum- or ionomycin-induced CaMK-II activity, and attendant c-fos mRNA expression, but did not affect upstream Ca(2+)/calmodulin. Autophosphorylation of Thr286 generates an autonomously active CaMK-II. Both serum and ionomycin increased phosphorylation at this site and increased CaMK-II activity in antiphosphothreonine immunoprecipitates. Heparin (1 microg/ml) did not inhibit phosphorylation of Thr286 (although much higher concentrations did). Replacement of Thr286 with Asp produces a constitutively active mutant that was insensitive to ionomycin but was inhibited by heparin maximally at 1 microg/ml. These results suggest that heparin at physiological concentrations acts at or downstream of CaMK-II to suppress its activity independent of an effect on autophosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqun Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Medical Sciences Bldg. Rm. 6302, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
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45
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Cirillo P, Calì G, Golino P, Calabrò P, Forte L, De Rosa S, Pacileo M, Ragni M, Scopacasa F, Nitsch L, Chiariello M. Tissue Factor Binding of Activated Factor VII Triggers Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation via Extracellular Signal–Regulated Kinase Activation. Circulation 2004; 109:2911-6. [PMID: 15173027 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000129312.43547.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Tissue factor (TF) is the main initiator of coagulation in vivo. Recently, however, a role for TF as a cell receptor involved in signal transduction has been suggested. The aim of the present study was to assess whether activated factor VII (FVIIa) binding to TF could induce smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and to clarify the possible intracellular mechanism(s) responsible for this proliferation.
Methods and Results—
Cell proliferation was induced by FVIIa in a dose-dependent manner, as assessed by [
3
H]thymidine incorporation and direct cell counting, whereas no response was observed with active site–inhibited FVIIa (FVIIai), which is identical to FVIIa but is devoid of enzymatic activity. Similarly, no proliferation was observed when binding of FVIIa to TF was prevented by the monoclonal anti-TF antibody AP-1. Activation of the p44/42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (extracellular signal–regulated kinases 1 and 2 [ERK 1/2]) pathway on binding of FVIIa to TF was demonstrated by transient ERK phosphorylation in Western blots and by suppression of proliferation with the specific MEK (MAP kinase/ERK kinase) inhibitor UO126. ERK phosphorylation was not observed with FVIIai or when cells were pretreated with AP-1.
Conclusions—
These data indicate a specific effect by which binding of FVIIa to TF on the surface of SMCs induces proliferation via a coagulation-independent mechanism and possibly indicate a new link between coagulation, inflammation, and atherosclerosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Aorta, Thoracic/cytology
- Arteriosclerosis/metabolism
- Binding Sites
- Blood Coagulation
- Butadienes/pharmacology
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured/cytology
- Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured/metabolism
- Enzyme Activation
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Factor VIIa/chemistry
- Factor VIIa/genetics
- Factor VIIa/metabolism
- Factor VIIa/pharmacology
- Humans
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/physiology
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/physiology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Nitriles/pharmacology
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Protein Binding
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational/drug effects
- Rabbits
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Thromboplastin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Plinio Cirillo
- Division of Cardiology, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
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Zhao Y, Xiao W, Templeton DM. Suppression of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) by heparin in vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2003; 66:769-76. [PMID: 12948857 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(03)00405-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Heparin inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, but mechanisms remain elusive. Because heparin inhibits signaling through multiple kinase cascades, we investigated the possibility that phosphatases could be involved. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) was the predominant MKP detected in VSMC lines. MKP-1 protein was increased by serum stimulation of quiescent cells, and this increase was diminished by heparin (1 microg/mL). Increased MKP-1 expression was dependent on the mitogen-activated protein kinase, Erk. Decreased Erk activity in the presence of heparin preceded, and may account for, decreased MKP-1. The antimitogenic effects of heparin are therefore unlikely to act through a shift in the kinase/phosphatase balance, but rather through direct kinase suppression. However, because MKP-1 is known to cause an increase in activity of kinases upstream of Erk, that may signal through additional pathways, the decrease in MKP-1 activity may paradoxically enhance heparin's antiproliferative effects. VSMC selected to grow in the presence of heparin express decreased levels of MKP-1 that are unresponsive to heparin, and Erk activity becomes unresponsive to heparin in one cell line. We conclude that phosphatase activation is not a direct mechanism of suppression of multiple kinase cascades by heparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Rm. 6302, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ont., Canada M5S 1A8
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47
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Hsu HK, Juan SH, Ho PY, Liang YC, Lin CH, Teng CM, Lee WS. YC-1 inhibits proliferation of human vascular endothelial cells through a cyclic GMP-independent pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2003; 66:263-71. [PMID: 12826268 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(03)00244-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effect of YC-1, 3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) proliferation and its underlying mechanism. YC-1 at a range of concentrations (5-50 microM) inhibited DNA synthesis and decreased cell number in cultured HUVEC in a dose- and time-dependent manner. YC-1 was not cytotoxic at these concentrations. [3H]thymidine incorporation and flow cytometry analyses revealed that YC-1 treatment decreased DNA synthesis and arrested the cells at the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Western blot analysis demonstrated that YC-1 (5-50 microM) increased the levels of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-inhibitory proteins (CKIs), p21 and p27, but did not induce any significant changes of cyclins and CDKs. In the YC-1-treated HUVEC, the formation of CDK2-p21 complex, but not CDK2-p27 complex, was increased and the assayable CDK2 kinase activity was decreased. These changes were in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, the formations of CDK4-p21 and CDK4-p27 complex were slightly increased and the assayable CDK4 kinase activity was slightly decreased (if there were any changes). Pretreatment with guanylyl cyclase inhibitors, 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinozalin-1-one (ODQ) and methylene blue, inhibited the YC-1-induced increase of cyclic GMP level, but did not change significantly the magnitude of the YC-1-induced inhibition of thymidine incorporation and cell number in HUVEC. These results indicate that YC-1-induced cell cycle arrest in HUVEC occurred when the cyclin-CDK system was inhibited just as p21 and p27 protein levels were augmented. This YC-1-induced antiproliferation effect in HUVEC is via a cyclic GMP-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hun-Kung Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC
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48
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Kavurma MM, Khachigian LM. ERK, JNK, and p38 MAP kinases differentially regulate proliferation and migration of phenotypically distinct smooth muscle cell subtypes. J Cell Biochem 2003; 89:289-300. [PMID: 12704792 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.10497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are important processes involved in the pathogenesis of vascular disorders such as atherosclerosis and post-angioplasty restenosis. Here we demonstrate that proliferation and migration of specific SMC subtypes is mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase-dependent. WKY12-22 SMCs derived from the aortae of 12 day-old pup rats proliferate and migrate faster than WKY3M-22 SMCs derived from the aortae of adult rats. WKY12-22 and WKY3M-22 cells equally expressed the active forms of phospho (Thr(183)/Tyr(185))-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and phospho (Tyr(182))-p38, whereas the activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was greater in WKY12-22 cells compared with WKY3M-22 cells. Proliferation of both SMC subtypes was attenuated by PD98059, SP600125 and SB202190, inhibitors of ERK, JNK, and p38, respectively. However, inhibition of PD98059 had a more profound effect on WKY12-22 SMCs. Furthermore, migration of WKY12-22 and WKY3M-22 cells was inhibited by SP600125 and SB202190, however, PD98059 failed to influence migration of either SMC subtype. Hence, migration of both SMC subtypes is JNK- and p38-dependent, but not ERK-dependent. These findings demonstrate that SMC heterogeneity is mediated, at least in part, by the activity of specific MAP kinase subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M Kavurma
- Centre for Vascular Research, The University of New South Wales, Australia
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49
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Lornejad-Schäfer MR, Schäfer C, Graf D, Häussinger D, Schliess F. Osmotic regulation of insulin-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase (MKP-1) expression in H4IIE rat hepatoma cells. Biochem J 2003; 371:609-19. [PMID: 12529177 PMCID: PMC1223301 DOI: 10.1042/bj20021357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2002] [Revised: 01/10/2003] [Accepted: 01/15/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A contribution of intracellular dehydration to insulin resistance has been established in human subjects and in different experimental systems. Here the effect of hyperosmolarity (405 mosmol/l) on insulin-induced mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphatase (MKP)-1 expression was studied in H4IIE rat hepatoma cells. Insulin induces robust MKP-1 expression which correlates with a vanadate-sensitive decay of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (Erk-1/Erk-2) activity. Hyperosmolarity delays MKP-1 accumulation by insulin and this corresponds to impaired MKP-1 synthesis, whereas MKP-1 degradation remains unaffected by hyperosmolarity. Rapamycin, which inhibits signalling downstream from the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and a peptide inhibiting protein kinase C (PKC) zeta/lambda abolish insulin-induced MKP-1 protein but not mRNA expression, suggesting the involvement of the p70 ribosomal S6 protein kinase (p70S6-kinase) and/or the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding proteins (4E-BPs) as well as atypical PKCs in MKP-1 translation. Hyperosmolarity induces sustained suppression of p70S6-kinase and 4E-BP1 hyperphosphorylation by insulin, whereas insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor (IR) beta subunit and the IR substrates IRS1 and IRS2, recruitment of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) regulatory subunit p85 to the receptor substrates as well as PI 3-kinase activation, and Ser-473 phosphorylation of protein kinase B and Thr-410/403 phosphorylation of PKC zeta/lambda are largely unaffected under hyperosmotic conditions. The hyperosmotic impairment of both, MKP-1 expression and p70S6-kinase hyperphosphorylation by insulin is insensitive to K(2)CrO(4), calyculin A and vanadate, and inhibition of the Erk-1/Erk-2 and p38 pathways. The suppression of MKP-1 may further contribute to insulin resistance under dehydrating conditions by allowing unbalanced MAP kinase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Lornejad-Schäfer
- Medizinische Einrichtungen der Heinrich-Heine Universität, Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie, Moorenstrasse 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Johst U, Betsch A, Wiskirchen J, Schöber W, Vonthein R, Rinkert N, Kehlbach R, Claussen CD, Duda SH. All-trans and 9-cis retinoid acids inhibit proliferation, migration, and synthesis of extracellular matrix of human vascular smooth muscle cells by inducing differentiation in vitro. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2003; 41:526-35. [PMID: 12658053 DOI: 10.1097/00005344-200304000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 9-cis retinoid acid (9-cis RA) and all-trans RA (ATRA) on proliferation, migratory ability, synthesis of extracellular matrix, intracellular signal transduction, and differentiation of human aortic smooth muscle cells (haSMCs) in vitro. Changes of cell proliferation following incubation with RAs in different doses (10-6 M, 10-7 M, and 10-8 M) were determined directly by proliferation kinetics and indirectly by bromodeoxyuridine enzyme-linked immuno sorbant assays and colony-formation assays. The migratory ability of haSMCs was examined with the help of migration assays. The production of the extracellular matrix protein tenascin was explored by immunostaining. The amounts of total p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and their phosphorylated forms were detected with the help of Western blots. To judge the state of differentiation of haSMCs, cell cycle distribution and the pattern of alpha-actin were analyzed. Both RAs clearly inhibited the proliferation of haSMCs in a dose-dependent manner. 9-cis RA had a tendency to be more effective than ATRA. After treatment with RAs, the migratory ability was especially reduced during stimulation with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and the synthesis of tenascin decreased. Although the total p44/p42 MAPKs were downregulated, the amounts of activated forms increased markedly in the cells incubated with RAs and particularly stimulated with PDGF. The cell-cycle analysis demonstrated an increased G1-phase, complemented by a stronger expression of alpha-actin after treatment. 9-cis RA especially has the potential to inhibit the proliferation, migration, and synthesis of extracellular matrix of haSMCs by inducing differentiation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Johst
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
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